Hibernia anglicana, or, The history of Ireland, from the conquest thereof by the English, to this present time with an introductory discourse touching the ancient state of that kingdom and a new and exact map of the same / by Richard Cox ...

THE REIGN OF HENRY VI. King of England, &c. And LORD of IRELAND. (Book Henry VI)

HENRY the Sixth, was but nine Months old at the Death of his Illustrious Father,* 1.1 and therefore the deceased King had (by his last Will) appointed John Duke of Bedford to be Regent of France, Humphry Duke of Glocester to be Governour of Eng∣land, and Thomas Duke of Excester and Henry Bishop of Winchester, to be Guardians of the Young King's Person: All which was duly observed, and the Infant King was pro∣claimed in Paris, and the Nobility that were there swore Al∣legiance to him.

James Earl of Ormond continued Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and upon a Petition preferred by the House of Commons, to the King, about the manifold Murders, Robberies, Rapes, Riots, and other Misdemeanours, committed by the Irish in England,* 1.2 it was enacted there, That all Persons born in Ire∣land, should quit England within a time limited; except Graduates in either University, Clergymen beneficed, those that have Land in England, or are married there, or those

whose Parents are English; and even such are to give Secu∣rity of their good Behaviour. And not long after, came over

Edmond Mortimer,* 1.3 Earl of March and Ʋlster, Lord Lieu∣tenant: He died afterwards of the Plague, at the Castle of Trym, which was his own Inheritance: And in his stead came

John Lord Talbot,* 1.4 Lord Justice. In whose time the Barretts (a Family of good account near Cork) did by Indenture co∣venant to be obedient to the Earl of Desmond, who was ex∣ceeding Powerful, and lorded it over great part of Munster, with a high Hand. This Governour resigned to

James Earl of Ormond,* 1.5 Lord Justice: In whose time John Duke of Bedford,* 1.6 Regent of France, obtained a Patent for all the Mines of Gold and Silver within England, Ireland, &c. rendring to the Church the tenth Part, to the King the fif∣teenth Part, and to the Owner of the Soil the twentieth part. And then

Sir John de Gray,* 1.7 Lord Lieutenant, landed at Ho••th the thirty first of July, and was sworn the next Day, but no mention is made of any thing he did; but that he went for England, and left

Edward Dantzy Bishop of Meath,* 1.8 his Deputy: He was for a time Treasurer of Ireland, and dyed the fourth of January, 1428. Upon Notice whereof

Sir John Sutton, Lord Dudly, was sent over Lord Lieute∣nant: He held a Parliament in Dublin, Friday next after the Feast of All Saints;* 1.9 at which it was enacted, That the She∣riff, upon Pain of Amercement, should add to the Panel of Jurors, the Place, Estate and Mistery of every Juror. And in the Preamble to this Act the Lord Lieutenant is Styled, The Right Noble and Right Gracious Lord. And on the sixth of the same November, the King was crowned at Westmin∣ster: And soon after the Lord Lieutenant returned, and left

Sir Thomas Strange,* 1.10 Lord Deputy, in whose time the King was crowned at Paris,* 1.11 and took the Oaths and Homage of the Nobility and People there.

And now happened the famous Case of the Prior of Lan∣thony, which was, That a Judgment in the Common Pleas being removed to the Irish Parliament, was affirmed there; Whereupon a Writ of Error was sent from England, but the King's Bench in England would not take cognizance of a Judgment in the Parliament of Ireland, to reverse it: And therefore the Prior petitions the King, That the Record may be transmitted to the House of Lords, in England, to be ex∣amined there.

Sir Thomas Stanly was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland;* 1.12 and it seems that he called a Parliament, which enacted two Statutes that were afterwards repealed by 11 Jac. 1 cap. 5. And then he went to England, leaving

Sir Christopher Plunket Lord Deputy;* 1.13 he was afterwards Baron of Killine, in Right of his Wife, Heir of the Cusacks, and his second Son became Baron of Dunsany. But,

Sir Thomas Stanly,* 1.14 Lord Lieutenant, returned, and gave a Check to the Irish, who were insolent beyond Measure, and incroaching everywhere on the Pale, making the best Ad∣vantage of the King's Minority, and the Absence of the Mili∣tary Men in France; but the Lord Lieutenant, with the Pow∣er of Meath and Ʋriel, took Moyle O Donel Prisoner, and slew a great many of the Irish. And afterwards (about Michaelmas) he went again to England, and left

Richard Talbot Archbishop of Dublin,* 1.15 (Brother to the Earl of Shrewsbury) Lord Deputy; he was sometime Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and was elected Primate of Armagh; but he refused to change his Bishoprick.

Lion Lord Wells,* 1.16 Lord Lieutenant, in whose time a second Law was made in England,* 1.17 obliging the Irishmen to return into their Native Country. And another Statute was made in Ireland, to stop the Passage of any more into England. And on the twelfth of June, 17 Hen. 6. Robert Fitz-Geofry Cogan, granted all his Lands in Ireland (being half the Kingdom of Cork) to James Earl of Desmond, and gave a Letter of Attorney to put him in Possession of Kyrrygrohan∣more,* 1.18 Downdrinane, alias Castlemore, Rathgogan, Bever, Shan∣don, Dofglass, Ocorbelethan, Kyrricurry, &c. and though it is manifest, by innumerable Records, That the Kingdom of Cork did by the Heirs General descend to Carew and Courcy, who are charged in the Exchequer for the Crown-Rent of it for many Years, viz. sixty Pound a piece per annum; yet this Conveyance from Cogan (the Heir-Mail) was Pretence enough in those Times, for the powerful Earl of Desmond to seize on that great Estate.

Richard Talbot,* 1.19 Archbishop of Dublin, was again Lord Justice, and held a Parliament at Dublin, Friday after the Feast of S. Dunstan; at which it was enacted,

I. That no Purveyor or Harbenger should take any thing without Payment: And if he did the Proprietor might resist.

II. That Comrick, or Protection of Tories be Treason.

III. That charging the Kings Subjects with Horse or Foot, without Consent, is Treason.

IV. That the Party who desires a Protection, (cum clausa Volumus) shall make Oath in Chancery of the Truth of his Suggestion, &c.

But to make Provision for War,* 1.20 in lieu of the former Ex∣actions, it was enacted, That every twenty Pound-worth of Land should be charged with the furnishing and maintaining an Archer on Horseback. This Lord Justice resigned to

James Ea••l of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant; who the same Year surrendred to

Lion Lord Wells, Lord Lieutenant; who probably did not come to Ireland, but deputed

James Earl of Ormond,* 1.21 Lord Deputy: He had the Tem∣poralities of the See of Cashel granted to him for ten Years, after the Death of O Hedian, and kept the Government of Ireland, until

William Wells,* 1.22 Esq was made Lord Deputy (to his Bro∣ther the Lord Wells).* 1.23 In his time a Parliament was held at Dublin, which sent Richard Talbot, Archbishop of Dublin, and John White, Abbot of S. Maries, to the King, to repre∣sent the Miserable Estate and Condition of Ireland, whereby the Publick Revenue was reduced so low,* 1.24 that it was less than the necessary Charge of keeping the Kingdom by one thousand four hundred and fifty six Pounds per annum: And soon after

James Earl of Ormond was made Lord Lieutenant;* 1.25 and 23 Hen. 6. obtained a Licence to be absent for many Years, without incurring the Penalty of the Statute of 3 Rich. 2. of Absentees; and to him a Writ was sent, 20 H. 6. to eject John Cornwalsh, and to place Michael Griffin, Chief Baron, in his room, because the King had granted him that Office for Life, though the other had a prior Patent from Ormond. This Lord Lieutenant was a fast Friend to the Earl of Desmond, who probably was of his Faction, against the Talbots, between whom and the Butlers the Feud was so great, so general, and so violent, that no Justice could be had, or any business done for a long time, because either Party (as it got Advantage) oppressed the other,* 1.26 to the utmost degree. It was about this time that James, Earl of Desmond obtained a Patent for the Government or Custody of the Counties of Waterford, Cork, Limerick and Kerry. And not long after, for his good Ser∣vice, in keeping those Counties in Peace; and upon Pretence that he could not conveniently be absent from that Charge; and that it was dangerous for a Man (so hated by the King's Enemies as he pretended to be) to travail to Dublin, he ob∣tained a Licence, To absent himself, during Life, from all future Parliaments, sending a sufficient Proxy in his stead: And also to purchase any Lands he pleased, by whatsoever Ser∣vice they were holden of the King. And this is the true Foun∣dation and all the Grounds of that fantastical Privilege, claim∣ed by the succeeding Earls of Desmond, Of not coming into

walled Towns, nor to Parliament, but when they please: And since that time this Example has been so infectious, that it is no strange thing in Ireland, to find a Tenant at Will pre∣tend a Title, and a Lessee to claim an Inheritance, and he that has a Right to something, confidently to usurp more.

But the Faction of the Talbots began to get Ground among the People, it being in the nature of Mankind to be mutinous against an uneasie Government, be the Fault where it will, for the Multitude consider what they feel, and cannot pene∣trate into the Cause or Cure of their Grievances; and there∣fore they naturally fall upon the most obvious Remedy, which is the change of the Governour.

In order to remove the Lord Lieutenant, some of the Lords and more of the Commons, petitioned the King, set∣ing forth, That the Earl of Ormond was old and feeble, and had lost many of his own Castles for want of Defence, and therefore was not likely to maintain, much less enlarge the King's Possessions in Ireland. Secondly, That he made such of his Irish Servants Knights of Shires, as would not consent to any good Law; and that he dispensed with the Absence of the Lords from Parliament, for Mony. Thirdly, That he sent several Subjects Prisoners to O Dempsy's Castle, and forced them to pay Ransom.* 1.27 And therefore they desired he might be superseded, and at length prevailed to have it so, although the Bishop of Cork and Cloyne, the Dean and Chapter of Cork, the Corporations of Cork and Youghal, the Lords Barry, Roch, and others, gave a full Testimonial of the great Services the Earl of Ormond had done. And,

John Talbot,* 1.28 Earl of Shrewsbury, was not only made Lord Lieutenant, but also on the seventeenth of July, 24 Hen. 6. the King granted to him the City and County of Waterford, and the Dignity and Stile of Earl of Waterford, together with Jura Regalia, Wreck, &c. from Youghal to Waterford, because that Country is wast, Et non ad pro••icuum, sed ad per∣ditum nostrum redundat. And the Patent is, Per breve de Pri∣vato Sigillo, authoritate Parliamenti.

This Lord Lieutenant held a Parliament at Trim,* 1.29 on Fri∣day after the Epiphany; at which it was enacted,

I. That any Officer may travail by Sea from one Part of Ireland to another, without forfeiture, or any where with Licence.

II. That no Toll or Customs shall be taken in High-ways, but only in Cities and Towns, according to Right, on Pain of paying twenty Shillings for every Peny.

III. Every Man must keep his Upper-Lip shaved,* 1.30 or else may be used as an Irish Enemy.

IV. If any Irishman that is denized,* 1.31 kill or rob, he may be used as an Irish Enemy, and slain (by this Act appears the Inconvenience of those Denizations).

V. Against unlawful coyn,* 1.32 O Reyly's Mony, clipt Mony, and gilt Harness or Armour.

VI. That the Sons of Husbandmen and Labourers shall fol∣low their Fathers Calling or Occupation.

VII. That Lords of Parliament, in Pleas Real or Personal, shall not be amerced more than others.

VIII. To discourage the Transportation of Bullion, the King shall have twelve Pence Custome out of every Ounce.

Upon his Return to England the Lord Lieutenant accused the Earl of Ormond of Treason,* 1.33 before the Duke of Bedford, Constable of England, in the Marshal's Cou••t; but the King abolished the Accusation.

Richard Talbot,* 1.34 Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Deputy, he wrote a Tract, de Abusu Regiminis Jacobi Comitis Ormondiae, dum Hiberniae esset locum tenens.* 1.35 And it seems Thomas Fitz-Thomas, Prior of Kilmainham, was on the Archbishops side, for he accused the Earl of Ormond of Treason, and the Com∣bat was appointed between them, at Smithfield, in London; but the King did interpose and prevent it.

Hitherto the English had made but a bordering War in Ireland, and that it self but very unluckily; and the small Army that was kept on foot was ill paid; and therefore more hurtful to the Subject by their Oppression than to the Enemy by their Valour; so that it was necessary to send some great Man thither, and no Body so fit for it as

Richard Duke of York, Earl of Ʋlster, March, Rutland and Cork, Lord of Conagh, Clare, Trim and Meath; for besides his Quality and Valour, he had a great Estate in that King∣dom; and it answered another Design of the Cardinal of Winchester, (who did then in effect govern England) which was, to remove this Duke from the Regency of France, to make room for the Duke of Somerset; and so he was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,* 1.36 and landed at Hoath the fifth of July, 1449.

But the Duke of York, who fathomed their Designs, and had other Intrigues of his own, would not accept of the Go∣vernment of Ireland,* 1.37 but upon very advantagious Conditi∣ons, which were reduced to Writing by Indenture, betwixt the King and him, and are recorded by Act of Parliament in Ireland, and were to this effect.

I. That he should be the King's Lieutenant in Ireland for ten Years.

II. That to support the Charge of that Country, he should receive the whole Revenue certain and casual, without Ac∣count.

III. That he should be supplied with Treasure out of Eng∣land, in this manner, viz. four thousand Marks the first year, whereof he should be imprested two thousand Pounds before∣hand; and for the other nine years he should receive two thousand Pounds per annum.

IV. That he might let the Kings Lands to Farm, and place and displace all Officers at his Pleasure.

V. That he might Levy and Wage what Number of Soul∣diers he thought fit.

VI. That he might make a Deputy, and return at his Pleasure.

I do not find that this Lord brought over any considerable Forces with him, or that he was able to keep any such on foot here, not only because his Allowance was but small, but also because that small Allowance was ill paid, as appears by his passionate Letter to his Brother-in Law the Earl of Salisbury; which is to be found Registred by Mr. Campion, pag. 99.

At his first coming,* 1.38 the Irish were very insolent; but he won upon them strangely,* 1.39 partly by force, and partly by their own Art of Wheedling: He held a Parliament at Dub∣lin in October, Friday before S. Lukes Day, and the Bishops of Leighlin, Ossory, Down and Limerick were fined for not com∣ing to it: This Parliament Enacted many good Laws, viz.

1. That no Marcher or other keep more Horsemen or Foot than they can maintain, and will answer for; and that they give in a List of their Names to the Sheriff, &c.

2. It suppresseth Coynees,* 1.40 Cuddies and Night-suppers; and well sets forth the Grievances of those Times.

3. That the Accuser shall give Security to pay the Da∣mages of the Defendant, if the Impeachment be found un∣true.

4. That every man may kill Robbers and notorious Thieves, and shall have a Penny out of every Plow-land, and a Farthing from every Cottage, for his Reward.

5. That the great Officers of the Kingdom shall not give Protections to any other than their Menial Officers and At∣tendants.

This Lord Lieutenant also held another Parliament at Drogheda, in April, on Friday before S. Mark's Day; which Enacted,

1. That if the Remembrancer issue Process against any body that is discharg'd on Record in the Exchequer, he shall forfeit his Office, and treble Damage.

2. That the Chancellor, Treasurer and Judges, or one of them, be present at all Commissions of Oyer and Terminer, in the Counties of Dublin, Kildare, Meath, and Ʋriel.

3. That no body shall sell Liquor but by Sealed Mea∣sures.

It seems that some of these Statutes were occasioned by a doleful Letter sent from Cork, which the Irish Historians place in the Reign of Henry the Fourth, and yet direct it to the Earl of Rutland and Cork; and therefore it will be more properly applied to this Time when he was Lord Lieutenant, and follows in haec Verba:

IT may please your Wisdoms to have pity of us,* 1.41 the Kings poor Subjects within the County of Cork, or else we be cast away for ever; for where there was in this County these Lords by Name, besides Knights, Esquires, Gentlemen and Yeomen, to a great number, that might dispend yearly eight hundred pounds, six hundred pounds, four hundred pounds, two hundred pounds, one hundred pounds, one hundred Marks, twenty pounds, twenty Marks, ten pounds, some more, some less, to a great number, besides these Lords following; First, The Lord Marquess Carew, his yearly Revenues, were, besides Dorsey-Haven and other Creeks, two thousand two hundred pounds sterling. The Lord Barnewale of Bear-haven, his yearly Revenues were, besides Bear-haven, and other Creeks, sixteen hundred pounds sterling. The Lord Uggan of the great Castle, his yearly Revenues were besides Havens and Creeks, one thousand three hundred pounds sterling. The Lord Balram of Emforle, his yearly Revenues were, besides Havens and Creeks, one thousand three hundred pounds sterling. The Lord Courcy of Kilbreton, his yearly Re∣venues, besides Havens and Creeks, one thousand five hundred pounds sterling. The Lord Mandevil of Barnhely, his yearly Revenues, besides Havens and Creeks, one thousand two hun∣dred pounds sterling. The Lord Arundel of the Strand, his yearly Revenues, besides Havens and Creeks, one thousand five hundred pounds sterling. The Lord Baron of the Guard, his yearly Revenues besides Havens and Creeks, one thousand one hundred pounds sterling. The Lord Sleynie of Baltimore, his yearly Revenue, besides Havens and Creekss, eight hundred pounds sterling.

The Lord Roche of Pool Castle, his yearly Revenues, besides Havens and Creeks, one thousand pounds sterling. The Kings Majesty hath the Lands of the late young Barry by Forfeiture, the yearly Revenues whereof, besides two Rivers and Creeks, and all

other Casualties, is one thousand eight hundred pounds ster∣ling. And at the end of this Parliament, your Lordship, with the Kings most Noble Counsel, may come to Cork, and call before you all these Lords and other Irishmen, and bind them in pain of loss of Life, Lands and Goods, that never any of them do make War upon another without Licence or Command∣ment of you my Lord Deputy, and the Kings Council, for the ut∣ter destruction of these parts is that only cause, and once all the Irishmen and the Kings Enemies were driven into a great Vally, called Glanehought, betwixt two great Mountains, called Mac∣corte or the Leprous Island, and there they lived long and many years, with their White-Meat, till at the last, these English Lords fell at variance among themselves, and then the weakest part took certain Irishmen to take his part, and so vanquished his Enemy; and thus fell the English Lords at variance among themselves, till the Irishmen were stronger than they, and drave them away, and now have the whole Country under them, but that the Lord Roch, the Lord Courcy, and the Lord Barry only remain, with the least part of their Ancestors Possessions, and young Barry is there upon the Kings Portion, paying his Grace never a penny of Rent; wherefore We, the Kings poor Subjects of the City of Cork, Kinsale and Youghal, desire your Lordship to send hither two good Justices, to see this Matter ordered, and some English Captains with twenty Englishmen, that may be Captains over us all; and we will rise with them, to redress these Enormities, all at our own Costs; and if you do not, we be all cast away, and then farewel Munster for ever; and if you will not come nor send, we will send over to our Liege Lord the King, and com∣plain on you all.

However, I will not pretend to be exact in the timing of this Letter.

This Lord Lieutenant had a Son born at Dublin, well known afterwards by the Name of George Duke of Clarence, to whom the Earls of Ormond and Desmond were Godfathers; and thereupon Desmond grew so insolent and haughty, that his Oppressions were the chief Cause of the aforesaid Letter from Cork; but it is probable that the Lord Lieutenant re∣turn'd to England, and left

James Earl of Ormond (afterward Earl of Wiltshire,* 1.42 and Lord Treasurer of England) Lord Deputy; in whose time, Sir John Talbot was made Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and it seems Complaint was made against him, because he put in a Deputy in his room absque Regis licentia:* 1.43 This Lord Deputy was made Lord Lieutenant, and went for England, leaving

John Mey, Archbishop of Armagh, Lord Deputy;* 1.44 where∣with

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the Government of England being dissatisfied, a Writ was sent to the Earl of Ormond, commanding him Quod circa praemissis intenderet. I suppose the Reason might be, because there was a Necessity for the Presence of a Military Govern∣our, of Power and Authority in that Kingdom, to repel the daily Incursions of the Irish into the Pale; and therefore Ormond not being willing to come over, the Government was committed to

Thomas Earl of Kildare,* 1.45 Lord Deputy, who held it only until the arrival of

Sir Edward Fitz-Eustace, Lord Deputy to the Duke of York: Who held a Parliament in Dublin; at which it was enacted,

I. That all Statutes against Provisors in England or Ireland, should be held in Force.

II. That Inquests before Coroners shall be discharged after a second Verdict, that they do not know the Felon.

III. That no Appeals shall be to England, except for Trea∣son against the King's Person; and in all false Appeals the Plaintif shall pay Damages, and twenty Pound and one hun∣dred Shillings Fine.

In the mean time the Duke of York (in England) obtain∣ed a famous Victory over the King's Forces at S. Albans, where the Duke of Somerset was slain, and the King himself was wounded in the Neck, and afterwards on the ninth of July he was made Protector of the King's Person, by Parli∣ament: And in Ireland

Thomas Earl of Kildare was Lord Deputy to the Duke of York,* 1.46 and held a Parliament at Dublin; wherein it was en∣acted,

I. That no Exigents nor Outlawries be made by Com∣missioners.

II. That the Recorder of Dublin and Drogheda, shall have but two Pence for every Plaint.

III. That every Man shall answer for his Sons and waged Men.

IV. An Act about Escheators.

V. That a Parliament should be held every Year.

And he held another Parliament at the Naas,* 1.47 Friday after All Saints; which enacted,

I. That all Strangers pay forty Pence per Pound Custom for transporting Silver.

II. That every Man shall answer for his Sons, except in Ca∣ses Capital.

III. That no Person, not amesnable to Law, shall distrain, without Licence, on pain of forfeiting his Title.

And he held another Parliament at Dublin, Friday after the Purification; at which it was established,

I. That Beneficed Persons should reside.

II. That the Inhabitants, to enclose the Village, might remove the High-way forty Perch.

Richard Duke of York,* 1.48 upon the Revolt of Andrew Trollop and the Callicians, broke up his Army and fled, first to Wales and afterwards to Ireland▪ where he was kindly re∣ceived, and (by his Deputy the Earl of Kildare▪) he held a Parliament at Dublin, the third of February; which enacted,

That Warrants to the Chancellor bear the Date of the De∣livery, and that the Patents be of the same Date, or else be void.

And the same Day twelve month he held another Parlia∣ment at Drogheda;* 1.49 wherein it was enacted,

That no Man should sue in the Exchequer, but a Minister of that Court, on pain of ten Pound.

This Duke and his Abettors were in a Parliament at Co∣ventry declared Traytors; and thereupon the Earl of March came to his Father into Ireland, and soon after returned to Calice, and thence invaded England at Sandwich; and on the ninth of July he fought and defeated the King at Northampton, and took him Prisoner; whereupon the Duke of York went to England, and called a Parliament in the King's Name; and in that Parliament boldly claimed his Title; and so it was enacted, That King Henry should keep the Crown du∣ring his Life, and the Duke should be declared Heir apparent, and in case of Opposition or farther Bustle about it, should have present Possession: But not long after the Duke was defeated, and slain at the Battle of Wakefield.

This Duke behaved himself exceeding well in Ireland, he appeased the Tumults there, and erected Castles on the Bor∣ders of Louth, Meath and Kildare, to stop the Irish Incursions, and was so well esteemed in that Kingdom, that Multitudes of the Irish Subjects attended him into England, to pursue his Claim to the Crown.

Nevertheless the Publick Revenue was but very low, because the whole Kingdom was in Possession of the Irish, except the Pale, and some few Places on the Sea-Coast in Ʋlster; and even that was so far from being quiet, that they were fain to buy their Peace by yearly Pensions to the Irish, and to pay Tribute and Contributions to them for Protection; which nevertheless was but very ill observed to the English.

It cannot be expected I should give the Reader an exact List of all that did pay this scandalous Contribution,* 1.50 and yet I am not willing to conceal from him the Account I have met with, which is as follows:

• lib.
• The Barony of Lecale to O Neal of Clandeboy, per annum 20
• The County of Ʋriel, to O Neal 40
• The County of Meath, to O Connor 60
• The County of Kildare, to O Connor 20
• The King's Exchequer, to Mac Morough 80 Marks.
• The County of Wexford, to Mac Morough 40
• The Counties of Kilkenny and Typerary, to O Carol 40
• The County of Limerick, to O B••••an 40
• The County of Cork, to Mac Carty of Muskry 40

And whilst the English were engaged in England, the Irish advantaged themselves of the Opportunity; and without Co∣lour of Right usurped many considerable Estates (as they had done before in the time of Richard II); and these two Seasons set them so afloat, that they could never since be cast out of their forceable Possessions, holding by plain Wrong the most part of Ʋlster; and upon very frivolous Pretences great Portions of La••d in Munster and Connaugh.

And so we are come to the end of this unfortunate Reign, which determined some Years before the King's Life, for he did not dye until the twenty first Day of May, 1472.

And it must not be forgot, That one of the Articles against this King was, That by the Instigation of divers Lords about him, he had wrote Letters to some of the Irish Enemy, whereby they were encouraged to attempt the Conquest of the said Land of Ireland.

Notes

• * 1.1

  1422.
• * 1.2

  Lib. M.
• * 1.3

  1422.
• * 1.4

  1425.
• * 1.5

  1426.
• * 1.6

  4 Instit. 360.
• * 1.7

  1427.
• * 1.8

  1428.
• * 1.9

  1429.
• * 1.10

  1429.
• * 1.11

  1431.
• * 1.12

  1432.
• * 1.13

  1432.
• * 1.14

  1435.
• * 1.15

  1436.
• * 1.16

  1438.
• * 1.17

  Lib. M.
• * 1.18

  Lib. G.
• * 1.19

  1440.
• * 1.20

  Davis, 52.
• * 1.21

  Ware, de Prae∣sulibus, 170.
• * 1.22

  1442.
• * 1.23

  Ibid. 115.
• * 1.24

  Lib▪ G.
• * 1.25

  1443.
• * 1.26

  23 Hen. 6. in Turri London. pars 2. m. 12.
• * 1.27

  Lib. M.
• * 1.28

  1446.
• * 1.29

  1447.
• * 1.30

  Repealed, 11▪ Car. 1. cap. 6▪
• * 1.31

  Repeal. ibid.
• * 1.32

  Repeal. ibid.
• * 1.33

  Burlace, 78.
• * 1.34

  1447.
• * 1.35

  Ca••ton chron.
• * 1.36

  1449.
• * 1.37

  Davis, 51.
• * 1.38

  1450.
• * 1.39

  Lib. M.
• * 1.40

  Rep. 11. Car. 1. c. 6.
• * 1.41

  Camp. 94.
• * 1.42

  1451.
• * 1.43

  Lib. CCC.
• * 1.44

  1453.
• * 1.45

  1454.
• * 1.46

  1455.
• * 1.47

  Lib. M. 48.
• * 1.48

  1459.
• * 1.49

  1460.
• * 1.50

  Lib. P. 174.