Myotomia reformata, or, A new administration of all the muscles of humane bodies wherein the true uses of the muscles are explained, the errors of former anatomists concerning them confuted, and several muscles not hitherto taken notice of described : to which are subjoin'd a graphical description of the bones, and other anatomical observations : illustrated with figures after the life / by William Cowper, Surgeon.

CHAP. XXX. Of the Muscles of the Wrist or Carpus.

THese are generally well described by most Authors, and receive their Names from their Situation and Use.

Flexor Carpi Radialis.

* 1.1

This Ariseth Tendinous from the Internal Extuberance of the Os Hume∣ri (22) Becoming Fleshy adheres* 1.2 strictly to the Pronator Radii Teres, and in half its oblique Progress to the Car∣pus (27), it becomes a Flat Tendon which passeth over the Annular Liga∣ment, and is Inserted to the Upper Part of the Os Metacarpi (28) which sustains the Fore-finger.

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris.

* 1.3

This Ariseth Tendinous from the same Tubercle of the Shoulder-Bone with the Former, as also from the Su∣perior and External Part of the Ulna

(26) where the Musculus Perforans doth* 1.4 Arise, and continuing Fleshy accord∣ing to the length of the Ulna is partly Inserted by a Short, Strong Tendon into the Fourth Bone of the Carpus, and partly into the Os Metacarpi which sustains the Little Finger.

Their Names declare their Use.

Extensor Carpi Radialis.

* 1.5

By some called Bicornis and Radiaeus Externus. It hath Two Beginnings, and indeed seems to be Two distinct Muscles, the Outermost Arising Fleshy above the External Protuberance of the Os Humeri (20), immediately be∣low the Supinator Radii Longus, in its descent becomes a Fleshy Belly, and grows Tendinous above the middle of the Radius (22): The other Begin∣ning of this Muscle is partly Fleshy and partly Tendinous Below the For∣mer, either from the Apex of the Ex∣tuberance of the Os Humeri or Supe∣rior Part of the Radius, and continues Fleshy somewhat Lower than the Su∣perior; Both Tendons marching un∣der the Extensores Pollicis, run under the Ligamentum Annulare, and are In∣serted

to the Superior Parts of the Ossa Metacarpi of the Fore, and Middle Fingers. (26.)* 1.6

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris.

* 1.7

This hath an Acute Tendinous Be∣ginning from the Outward Extube∣rance of the Os Humeri (20), and becomes Fleshy as it Descendeth ac∣cording to the length of the Cubit, growing Tendinous again as it march∣eth over the Inferior part of the Ulna (23), and passing under the An∣nular Ligament, It is Inserted to the Superior Part of the Metacarpal-Bone of the Little Finger. (26.)

If this Muscle and the Ulnaris Flexor Act, they move the Hand side∣ways towards the Ulna, and in like manner if the Radialis Flexor and Ex∣tensor Act, they move it towards the Radius. It is well observed by most Authors, that the Extenders, whether belonging to the Fingers or Carpus Arise from the Outward Extuberance of the Os Humeri, and their Antago∣nists the Flexors, from the Internal Protuberance of the same Bone, as also from the superior and external

part of the Ulna next the Anconeus (above treated of.)

Notes

• * 1.1

  Bid. T. 68. E.
• * 1.2

  Fig. xvii.
• * 1.3

  Ibid. not letter'd.
• * 1.4

  Fig. xviii.
• * 1.5

  Bid. T. 69. D. F.
• * 1.6

  Fig. xviii.
• * 1.7

  Ibid. E.