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THE SEVENTY-SECOND TABLE.
AS the Arm, Cubit, and Hand are compre∣hended under the Title of the Whole Hand; so the Thigh, Leg and Foot, are in common call'd, the Foot. The Bones of those Parts are Represented, Tab. 103, 104, 105. where we shall speak of the particular Denominations of the Parts last mention'd: Our Business at present being to Explain the Muscles which move the Bones; First of the Muscles which move the Thigh-Bone. The Skin and Fat of the Buttocks being Rais'd, the Muscle which First offers its self to View, is the Glutaeus Major, here Rais'd and laid aside to shew its Inferior Surface (A.) The Superior or External Surface of this Muscle Appears Compos'd of divers Muscles, in whose Interstitia the Fat is Inserted, and requires an Artificial Ma∣nagement of the Knife in freeing the Muscle of it, so as to leave no Part of the Fat behind, nor Wound the Fleshy Fi∣bres of the Muscle.
A, B B, C, The Glutaeus Major Rais'd and Turn'd Down∣ward. This Muscle is not well Describ'd by Anatomists, they only mentioning its Fleshy Part here Exprest; besides which, it has a Large Broad Tendinous Part, Springing from the Whole External Margin of the Spine of the Os Ilium (O O) next the Musculus Communis of the Membranosus, whence March∣ing over the External Part of the Glutaeus Medius (D); at the Great Trochanter (E E), it meets with the Fleshy Part of this Muscle, Arising from the Posterior Part of the Spine of the Os Ilium, hindermost Part of the Sacrum Laterally, and Os Coccygis, and Cleaving to the Broad Ligament that's Extended between the Two last mention'd Bones and Tubercle of the Os Ischium; its Fleshy Fibres Descend Disgregately in an al∣most Semicircular Manner, and become Tendinous as they approach the Great Trochanter where it's United with its First Describ'd Tendinous Beginning, which together De∣scending over the Great Trochanter, joins with the Tendon of the Membranosus (of which hereafter,) and proceeds to Frame a Large, Thick, Strong Tendon (C,) Inserted to the Linea Asperia on the Back of the Os Femoris, near Four Fingers Breadth below the Great Rotator.
The First Describ'd Tendinous Origin of this Muscle, do's not only serve to support its Fleshy Body, but its Fibres Ex∣tending themselves, Intersect those of the Membranosus as they Cover all the Muscles of the Tibia, do more Adequate∣ly Include those Muscles, and Corroborate them in their Actions; as we have elsewhere Observ'd of the Muscles of the Cubit and Fingers. When this Muscle Acts, it draws the Thigh directly Backwards.
I was lately Consulted in the Case of a Fistulous Ulcer a little above the Great Trochanter; the Sinus tended Upwards, and was at least Two Inches Deep from the Surface of the Skin, and about Three Inches in Length: I could Discover the Bottom of the Sinus to be very hard like a Cartilage; nor was it at all sensible to the Touch of the Probe, as the Patient Inform'd me; but on the contrary, told me, I than seem'd to Grate against the Bone. The Sinus had been divers times Open'd, and the hard Body at the Bottom of it laid bare, but the Wound could not be Cicatric'd: I Open'd it again, and afterwards cut out the hard Cartilaginous Body which Co∣ver'd the External Part of the Glutaeus Medius; the Wound afterwards Incarn'd, and was Cur'd in a few Days. This Pre∣ternatural hard Body was Fram'd in the First Describ'd Ten∣dinous Part of the Glutaeus Major, and the Blood-Vessels would not Spring from it to afford Incarnation; nor would common Escharoticks Act on it, wherefore it continued to lie Bare; but after cutting it out thro' the Blood-Vessels from the Sub∣jacent Muscle, the Glutaeus Medius Sprung up, and join'd with those of the Membranes under the Skin, by which means a Confirm'd Ci••atrice was made. By this we may be Inform'd how Useful Anatomy is in Surgery.
The like Case may happen on the Tendinous Expansion of the Inferior Part of the Membranosus, on the Muscles of the Tibia and Tarsus, where dividing it only according to its Length may be sufficient.
D, E E, F, Glutaeus Medius: This lies chiefly under the Tendinous Beginning of the Maximus, Arising Fleshy from almost the Whole External Part of the Spine of the Os Ilium, whence Descending becomes Thicker and Fleshy, and is In∣serted (in a Semicircular Manner E E) by a Short Strong Ten∣don, to the Superior and External Part of the Great Trochanter.
This Muscle is not only Employ'd in Extending the Thigh, but is chiefly Serviceable in Turning it Inwards; and this Action of it will Manifest it self, if in Time of Dissection you give the Thigh that Motion as it lies on the Table; you may then Observe the Fore-part of this Muscle Notably Re∣laxt; and in Living Persons when the Thigh is turn'd In∣wards, you may see the Fore-part of this Muscle Tumified, which ought to be taken Notice of by Painters; or, if in Performing that Action with your own Thigh you lay your Thumb on this Muscle, you may easily Feel it move under the Skin: Besides these Actions, it's also Employ'd in Strad∣ling or Pulling the Thighs and Legs from each other; it Co∣operating with the Musculus Membranosus in that Action.
G, Part of the Triceps.
H, The Pyriformis or Iliacus Externus.
I I, Part of the Marsupialis.
K, The Great Crural Nerve.
L, The Appendix of the Os Ischium, whence the Muscles Bending the Tibia and Musculus Quadratus do Spring.
M, A Ligament Protended from the Os Sacrum to the Tu∣bercle of the Ischium, or Os Coxendicis.
N, Part of the Os Sacrum.
O O, The Spine of the Os Ilium.
P, The Great Trochanter.
Q, Part of the Vastus Externus.
R, The Upper Head of the Biceps Femoris.
S, The Beginning of the Seminervosus.