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THE SIXTY-FOURTH TABLE.
THE Professor Bidloo in Imitation of Steno and Bourdon, here adds Geometrical Fi∣gures of the Disposition of the Tendons and Fleshly Fibres of divers Muscles; First of a single Fibre.
Fig. 1.
A, The Fleshy Part of the Fibre of a Muscle;
B C, B C, Its Two Tendinous Extreams making Obtuse Angles with the Fleshy Part.
Fig. 2.
Many of the Fibres Represented in the First Figure, Ex∣pos'd in the same Plan together, Framing an Oblique Angled Parallelogram.
A, B, The Order of the Moving, or Fleshy Fibres.
C, D, F, G, E, H, I, K, Their Tendinous Extremities: When any Additional Matter passes into these Fleshy Fibres and Distends them, the Breadth which they thereby Acquire, necessarily Shortens them, and their Tendinous Ex∣tremities fixt to the most Movable Part, is pull'd nearer the more Stable. This Additional Matter we take to be the Blood, which is constantly in a Progressive Motion, as well in the Capillary as in the Larger Trunks of its Vessels; and when a sudden Stop or Retardation of it happens in the Trunks of the Veins in Muscles, the Blood in the Extremi∣ties of those Veins necessarily breaks forth by their Colla∣teral Pores, and passes into the Cells of the Fleshy Fibres; whence an Intumescence of those Fibres follows, and their Length is necessarily Lessen'd. When I say the Blood as a Pondus Acts in Muscular Motion: I mean that as a Fluid, it Insinuates where ever there is a Passage, and necessarily Di∣stends the Cells of the Fleshy Fibres, when it is push'd on by the Arteries, and d o's not readily return by the Veins. This Structure of the Extremities of the Blood-Vessels in Muscles, renders the Appearance of their Fleshy Fibres Red or more Bloody than other Parts, which are Furnish'd with a far greater Number of Blood-Vessels than the Muscles; as the Pancreas, Salival Glands, and Cortical Part of the Brain. The Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys have their Colour, from the Number and Magnitude of their Blood-Vessels always fill'd with Blood. The Question is, How the Venose Chan∣nels are so instantaneously Comprest that the Refluent Blood is Retarded? Till Enquiry and Observation affords me something to the purpose, I shall say no more; choosing to Recommend such Speculations, to those who have more Ta∣lent and Time to bestow on them.
Fig. 3.
The Fibres of a Muscle Framing a Simple Parallelepipede Figure.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, The Carnous Part.
H I, K L, The Tendinous Parts.
Fig. 4.
The Disposition of the Fibres of the Musculus Deltoides, said to be Compos'd of Twelve simple Muscles.
A A, The Upper-part of the Deltoides towards the Top of the Shoulder.
B B, Its Lower-part.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, The Order of the Fleshy Fibres which Frame Parallelograms, and Compose the Deltoide Muscle, fixt to their Tendinous Extremities A B.
Fig. 5.
The Order of Fibres of the Musculus Biceps Humeri.
Fig. 6.
The Musculus Membranosus.
Fig. 7.
The Fibres of Part of the Gemellus.
We come next to the Muscles of the Artus or Limbs; and First to those of the Whole Arm, by which is understood all the Part fastned to the Upper-part of the Trunk of the Body, Arising at the Shoulder. Fig. 8. The Arm in com∣mon Acceptation, is taken to be all that Part between the Neck of the Shoulder-blade and Wrist (H). The Arm strictly speaking, is that Part between the Shoulder and Elbow (B), which, otherwise, is call'd Humerus: It consisting of One Bone, and is call'd Os Humeri, the Shoulder-bone, or Arm∣bone. The Lower-part of the Arm from the Elbow (B) to the Wrist (H), is call'd the Cubit, and consists of Two Bones, call'd Vlna and Radius; we shall elsewhere speak of the Articulations of these and other Bones. As some have Comprehended the Shoulder or Arm, Cubit, Hand, and Fingers under the Title of the Whole Arm; so others have call'd all those together, The Whole Hand. The Hand in com∣mon Acceptation, is meant all that Part below the Cubit, or Wrist, consisting of Four Fingers (M N O P) and a Thumb (L). The Palm (C) call'd Vola Manus; opposite to which is the Back of the Hand or Dorsum Manus.
Fig. 8.
The External Muscles of the Arm, Cubit and Palm.
A A A, The Skin with its Parts Annext free'd from the Muscles.
B, The Internal Tubercle of the Os Humeri, whence the Musculus Pronator Radii Teres, Palmaris Longus, Flexores Digi∣torum Communes, and Flexores Carpi do Arise.
C, The Tendinous Expansion of the Palmaris Longus in the Palm; where, near the Root of the Fingers it's Divided, to give Way to the Tendons of the Flexores Digitorum.
D, The Biceps Cubiti.
E, The Pronator Radii Teres.
F, The Long Tendon of the Palmaris deriv'd from a small Fleshy Bodied Muscle, springing from the Internal Pro∣tuberance of the Os Humeri, here Exprest.
G, The Tendon of the Radialis Flexor Carpi, whose De∣scription may be seen Tab. 67, 68.
H, The Transverse Ligament of the Carpus.
I, The Abductive Pollicis Arising from the Ligamentum Trans∣versale Carpi, and Ending at the Superior and External Part of the Second Bone of the Thumb. It draws the Thumb from the Fingers, whence it derives its Name.
K, The Palmaris Brevis, or Caro Musculosa Quadrata; This springs from the External Part of the Os Metacarpi Minimi Digiti, with a Thin Tendon Encompassing the External Part of the Abductor Minimi Digiti becoming a Thin Disgregated Fleshy Muscle in the Palm, as it is here Represented; it passes under the Tendon of the Palmaris Longus, to its Tendi∣nous Termination in the Eighth Bone of the Carpus.
This Hollows the Palm by drawing the Bale of the Thumb or Mons Lunae, and Metacarpal Bone of the Little Finger, nearer each other.
L M N O P, The Thumb and Four Fingers, with Part of the Skin remaining on them.
Q, The Head of the Os Humeri which was Articulated with the Scapula.
R R R, The Blood-Vessels and Nerves passing withinside the Arm, between the Musculus Biceps and Gemellus, of which the Former especially the Arteries are to be Comprest in the time of Amputation; which may be perform'd with the Fingers only, without any Compress or Boulsters under them; or with the hard Twisting of a Ligature, which some use: The Compression being thereby the more easily Com∣manded, to let the Arterious Blood pass out in Order to Dis∣cover the Divided Large Arteries, so that they may be taken hold of with the Ends of the Forceps and Ti'd; which Practice we can't but Recommend in Amputations, or in other Cases where Large Fluxes of Blood happen. Nor have I found any considerable Inconveniency to the Patient, tho' the Trunk of the Nerve has been also Ti'd up with the Ar∣tery, which the Diligent Operator may very easily avoid.
S, Part of the Musculus Deltoides.
T, Part of the Gemellus or Biceps Externus.
V V, The Tendinous Part of the Musculus Supinator Radii Longus.
W, The Flexor Carpi Vlnaris.
X, Part of the Musculus Flexor Digitorum Perforatus.
Y, The Abductor Minimi Digiti.
Z, Flexor Primi & Secundi Ossis Pollicis; It Arises Fleshy from the Ligamentum Transversale Carpi, Bones of the Carpus at the Bottom of the Mons Lunae, and Os Metacarpi of the Middle Finger; whence passes to its Insertion partly to the Ossa Sesamoidea of the Second Internode, and partly to the First Bone of the Thumb: This Disgregated Fleshy Muscle is very Divisible as Vesalius takes Notice, and Appears Tab. 68. M N O O P. It moves the Thumb Variously ac∣cording to the several Disposition of its Series of Fibres, In∣clining its First and Second Bones, either Directly or Oblique∣ly towards the Carpus and Palm.