The life & death of Julius Cæsar, the first founder of the Roman empire as also, The life and death of Augustus Cæsar, in whose raign [sic] Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Chri[s]t was borne / by Sa. Clarke ...

THE LIFE & DEATH OF OCTAVIANUS AUGUSTUS In whose Raign our LORD CHRIST was born. (Book Augustus Caesar)

_〈◊〉〈◊〉 Caesar, who was afterwards* 1.1 called Octavianus Augustus, was by the Fathers side descended of the Antient Family of the Octavij, which was of great account in Rome even from the time of Tar∣quin their King: By the Mothers side he was descended from the Re∣gall Line: His Mother was Accia the Daughter of Accius Balbus, and Julia, the Sister of Julius Caesar, which Accia was married to the Father of Octavius. He was born in the year of the Consul∣ship of Cicero, and Caius Antonius. He was but four

years old when his Father dyed: and at twelve years old he made an Oration at the Funerall of his Grand∣mother Julia.

When his Uncle Julius Caesar, was Warring in Spain against the Sons of Pompey, Octavius (though he was but* 1.2 young) followed him thither through many and great dangers: and when that War was ended, Julius Caesar intending to take him with him to the Parthian War, sent him before to the City of Apollonia, where he plyed his Book very diligently; and on a time having a minde to see Theogenes, a learned. Astronomer, he calculated his Nativity, and promised him great matters, which made Octavius conceive great hopes of himself, and in memory thereof he caused certain Medals to be coin∣ed, and would often boast of what Theogenes had told him.

Octavius in the sixth moneth after he went to Apollonia, having intelligence from his Mother of the Death of his* 1.3 Uncle Julius Caesar, he hasted out of Epirus to Brundusi∣um, where he was received by the Army that went to meet him as the adopted Son of Caesar, and without any further delay he assumed the name of Caesar, and took up∣on him to be his Heire, and that so much the rather, be∣cause he had brought with him good store of money, and great forces that were sent him by his Uncle: and so at Brundusium, adopting himself into the Julian Family, he called himself Caius Julius Caesar Octa∣vius.

To this very Name, as though he had been his true Son, there came great store of partly of his Friends, partly of freed▪men, slaves▪ and Souldiers, by whom be∣ing* 1.4 more strengthened and imboldned by the multitude of them that flocked to him, and by the authority of the Caesarian name, which with the common People was in great reputation, he took his journey towards Rome with a great traine, which daily increased like a Floud.

On the fourteenth Kalends of May he entered into

Naples, where he gave Cicero a visit. From thence as he was going to Rome there met him a vast com∣pany* 1.5 of his Friends, and as he entered the City, the Globe of the Sun seemed to compasse his Head round like unto a Bow, as it were, putting a Crown upon his Head, who afterward was to be so great a man: and at night, calling together his Friends, he commanded them to be ready the next morning, with good store of followers, to meet him in the Market-place, which was done accordingly; and he going to Caius, the City Praetor, and Brother to An∣thony, he told him that he did accept of the Adopti∣on. For it was the Roman custome in Adoptions to in∣terpose the authority of the Praetor: which acceptance being Regisired by the Scribes, from thence he presently went to Mark Anthony the Consul, who behaved him∣self* 1.6 proudly towards him, and scarcely admitting him into Pompeys Gardens, gave him time to speak with him.

Octavitanus had a great mind to revenge the Death of Julius Caesar; but by his Mother, and Philip his Father in Law he was advised to conceal his Purpose for a time, both because the Senate had approved his Death, and because Mark Anthony, who was principally to assist him therein, did not shew himself very friendly to him. Octavianus understanding that Mark Anthony had in his custody all the Treasure that was left by Julius Caesar, he desired him to command it to be delivered to him, therewith to pay his debts, and to distrubte it as Caesar had appointed in his Will: But Anthony with greater Pride than Octavianus could well bear, not only refused what he demanded, but reproved him for desiring it; whereupon discords presently arose betwixt them: and Octavianus strengthened himself with the Counsel of Cicero, a great enemy to Anthony, and one whose au∣thority at that time, by reason of his Wisdom and Elo∣quence, was very great.

Anthony being Overseer of those things which Caesar had

commanded to be done, what by corrupting the Notes,* 1.7 and changing them at his pleasure, did what himself listed, as if it had been the appointment of Caesan; by this meanes, gratifying Cities and Governours, and heaping vast summes of money to himself, selling not onely Fields and Tributes, but freedomes and immunities even of the City of Rome, and that not onely to particular Persons, but to whole Provinces, and of these things there were Tables hung up all over the Ca∣pitol.

Octavianus being nineteen years old, at his own charges gathered an Army, and sought the favour of the People,* 1.8 and prepared forces against Anthony for his own and the Commonwealths safety. He also stirred up the old Soul∣diers, who by Julius Caesar had been planted in Colonies: so that Anthony being afraid of him, by the mediation of Friends▪ had a conference with him in the Capitol, and they were for the present reconciled: but within a few dayes, through the whisperings of some, their en∣mity brake our again, and Anthony, not thinking himself strong enough, and knowing that the Legi∣ons of Macedonia were the best Souldiers, and six in number, with whom also were many Archers, light harnessed men, and Horsemen, these he sought to draw to himself, who, because of their neernesse, might presently be brought into Italy: and thereupon he caused a rumour to be spread, that the Getae wasted Macedonia by their inrodes; and upon that occasion he demanded an Army of the Senate, saying, that the Macedonian Army was raised by Caesar against the Getae, before he intended the Parthian War, whereupon he was chosen Generall of those Forces, and he abtain∣ed a Law for the change of Provinces, whereby his Bro∣ther Cains Anthony challenged Macedonia, which before by lot fell to Marcus Brutus.* 1.9

On the seventh of the Ides of October Anthony went to Brundusium, there to meet foure of the Macedonian Le∣gions, whom he thought to draw to himself by money.

Thither also Octavianus sent his Friends with money to hire these Souldiers for himself, and himself posted in∣to Campania, to engage those Souldiers which were in Colonies to take his part; and first he drew to him the old Souldiers of Galatia, then those of Casilinum on both sides of Capua, giving to each man five hundred pence, by which meanes he gat together about ten thou∣sand men, who marched with him under one Ensigne as a guard.

In the mean while the four Legions of Macedonia, accusing Anthony for his delayes in revenging Caesurs Death, without any acclamations conducted him to the Tribunal, as it were, to hear an account of this matter, and there continued silent. Anthony taking this ill, up∣braded them with their Ingratitude, and complained that they had not brought to him some disturbers of the Peace, who were sent from that malapert young man (for so he called Octavian) and to ingratiate himself with them, he promised an hundred pence to each of them, which niggardly promise was intertained with laughter,* 1.10 which he took so ill, that being returned to his Quar∣ters, in the presence of his most converous, and most cru∣el Wife Fulvia, he put to death some Centurions out of the Martian Legion.

When those of Caesars party, that were sent to corrupt the Souldiers, saw that they were more exasperated by* 1.11 this deed, they scattered Libels about the Army, where∣in they disgraced Anthony, and extolled the liberality of Caesar. And when some sided with Octavian, and o∣thers with Anthony, the Army, as if it had been set to sale at an outery, addicted themselves to him that would give most. And because that Decius Brutus, who com∣manded Gallia Cisalpirea (now Lombardy) opposed An∣thony, he went to besiege him in the City of Mutina (now Modena) which being known in Rome, Cicero his authority and credit in the Senate was such, that Mark* 1.12 Anthony was declared an enemy to the State, and the new Consuls, Hircius and Pansa were sem against him,

and with them was Octavian sent with Ensignes of a Consul, and Title of a Pro-praetor, having been first ad∣mitted into the Senate though so young, which was done by the procurement of Cicero, though he afterwards re¦quited him ill for it.

Octavian with the Consuls, drew neer to Mark An∣thony, Cicero remaining to command in chief in all matters at Rome: and between the two Armies there passed many skirmishes and encounters, and at last they came to a Battell, wherein the Consuls and Caesar had the Victory, but Hircius was slaine in the Battell, and* 1.13 Pansa was so wounded, that he died within a few dayes after, and both the Armies of the slaine Consuls obeyed Caesar. By this meanes D. Brutus was freed from his siege, and Anthony was forced to forsake Italy by a dis∣honourable flight, leaving his baggage behind him. In this service Octavian made marvelous proof of him∣self, being but twenty years old, performing the Office, not onely of a good Captaine, but also of a stout Souldier: For seeing the Standart▪ bearer sore wounded and ready to fall, Octavian took from him the Eagle, and bare it a great while till he had lodged it in safety.

Mark Anthony after the Battell, gathering the remain∣ders* 1.14 of his Army, passed the Alps and went into France, solliciting the Friendship of Lepidus, who was there with an Army ever since the Death of Julius Caesar, whom after some treaties he made his Friend: and Octavian after the Victory obtained, presently sent to the Senate to require a Triumph for his Victory, as also the Counsulship for the remainder of the year in the roome of the dead Consuls, with their succession in their charge, and command of the Army. But the answer of the Senate was not according to his desire: For the Friends and Kinsmen of those that had murthered Caesar began to fear him, and to suspect his power, wherefore they prevailed to delay that which he required, and in the end they resolved to assign the Army to Decius Bru∣tus,

and temporizing with Octavian, they granted him a Triumph, but denied him the Consulship, whereat he was much discontented, and therefore secret∣ly treated of friendship with Mark Anthony, and having drawn to himself the affections of the Army, he there∣with* 1.15 marched towards Rome, and approaching near to the City, in dispite of the Senate, he caused himself to be chosen Consul being not fully twenty years old. Then did he cause accusations to be exhibited against Brutus, and Cassius, and the rest of the Conspirators; and in their absence, having none that durst defend their cause, they were condemned. After this was done he left the City, and with his Army marched toward Anthony, and Lepidus, who were already entred into Italy.

Decius Brutus hearing of the Treaties and League that was made between Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antho∣ny, not daring to stay in that Country, departed with his Army, which soon forsook him, some going to Caesar, others to Mark Anthony, whereupon he fled, but being at last taken, he was brought to Mark Anthony, who caused his Head to be cut off. The Armies of these Captaines drawing neere toge∣ther, to whom Assinius Pollio, and Plancus, with their Legions were joyned, these three Octavian Caesar, Mark Anthony, and Lepidus, meeting, after three dayes debate, they concluded their accursed Peace; and these firebrands of sedition entered into a Triumvirate, with* 1.16 severall intents and designes. Lepidus was covetous, and sought riches by troubling the State. Anthony was by nature an enemy to Peace, and to the Common∣wealth, desiring an opportunity to be revenged of those who had declared him an enemy to the State. And Octavian sought revenge upon Brutus, and Cassius, and those who had slaine his adopted Father. And to bring these things to passe, Octavian put away his Wife who was Daughter to Servilius, and contracted him∣self to Claudia, Daughter in Law to Anthony by

his Wife Fulvia, who was now a child, and from whom he was afterward divorced by reason of the dis∣cord that arose between Anthony and him.

In this League which they made, besides dividing the Provinces amongst themselves, they agreed to Pro∣scribe and kill each of them his enemies, and the one* 1.17 delivered them into the others hands, having more re∣spect to be revenged upon an enemy then to save a Friend; and so there was made the most cruel and in∣humane Proscription, and Butchery that ever was be∣fore heard of, giving and exchanging Friends, and Kinsmen for enemies. For Mark Anthony gave up his Fathers Brother: and Lepidus his own Brother, Lucius* 1.18 Paulus: and Octavian; M. T. Cicero, whom he cal∣led Father, and who had intreated and honoured him as a Son. And besides these, they Proscribed and condemned to die three hundred other Principall men of Rome, amongst whom were about one hundred and four∣ty Senators, besides two thousand Romans of the order of Knighthood.

This agreement being made, they all three went to Rome, where they took upon them the Government of the Commonwealth by the name of Triumvirat, the time being limited to five years, though they never meant to leave the same. And presently after, those who were condemned and Proscribed, were by their com∣mandement put to death, being sought out in all parts and places; their Houses were ransacked, and their goods confiscated.

Cicero understanding that his name was in the Cata∣logue* 1.19 amongst the Proscripts, onely because he had been a lover of Roman Liberty, he fled to the Sea, where he embarked himself, but so hard was his hap, that by contrary winds he was driven back to the shore, whereupon, returning to some possessions of his neere Capua, not far from the Sea, as he lay sleeping there, he was awakened by some Crowes which with their bils pluckt his cloaths from his back. His

servants being moved with this ill presage, put him into his Litter, and again carried him towards the Sea: but being overtaken by the murtherers, he put his neck* 1.20 out of his Litter, and they cut off his Head, and his right hand, wherewith he had written his Orations a gainst Mark Anthony called Philippicks: And thus was he slaine by one whom he had defended, and delivered from death. Anthony joyfully received his hand, and caused it to be nailed up in the place where he was wont to plead, to which all the People repaired to be∣hold so wofull and miserable a spectacle, of whom there was not any one but was heartily sorry for the Death of so great a Personage, and so fervent a lover of his Country. Salvius Otho, a Tribune of the People, invited his Friends to his last Supper, and as they were* 1.21 sitting, in came a Centurion, and in the presence of them all, strake off his Head. Minutius the Praetor was slaine, sitting in his seat of Judgment. L. Villius Annalis, who had been Consul, flying from the murtherers, hid him∣self in the Suburbs in a little House of one of his clients,* 1.22 but his own Son betrayed him to the murtherers, who slew him there; but shortly after this Parricide being drunken, quarrelling with the same Souldiers, was slaine by them. C. Toranius also being betrayed by his own Son, was slaine, who in a few dayes having consumed his Patrimony, was condemned for Theft, and banished into a place where he died misera∣bly.

Quintus Cicero was hid by his Son, whom they could* 1.23 never make to confesse by any torments where his Fa∣ther was; but the old man, not being able any longer to endure that they should torment so vertuous a Son, came and presented himself to the Murtherers: where∣upon the Son entreated them to kill him first, but they killed them both together. The Egnaces; the Father and Son, embracing one the other were both run through at once and slaine. C. Hosidius Geta, was put into a grave by his Son as dead, who sustained and kept

him till the danger was over. Aruntius, after he had comfored his Son, delivered up himself to the mur∣therers, but his Son for griefe famished himself. Some other Children carefully hid, and preserved their Pa∣rents.

Tanusia was such an importunate suitor to Caesar for her Husband T. Junius that she preserved his life: He* 1.24 was in the intrim hidden by Philopoemen, his bond∣men enfranchised, whom Caesar afterwards Knighted for his fidelity to his Master. Q. Ligurius haivng been concealed by his Wife, was discovered by a slave, and killed, whereupon his Wife pined her self to death. Lu∣cretius Vespilio, having passed many dangers whilst he sought to hide himself here and there, at last came to his Wife Shuria, who hid him between the Sealing and the top of the House till she had begged his Life of the Triumvirs. Apuleius was saved by his Wife, who fled away with him. Antius his Wife wrapped him up in Coverlets, and caused him to be carried to the Sea side as a pack of stuff, where he embarked and sailed into Sicily. Coponius was saved by his Wife, who lent her Body to Anthony for one night, to save him whom she preferred before her honour.

But the Wife of Septimius, having shamefully given her Body to one of Anthonies Familiars, caused her* 1.25 Husband to be put into the number of the Poscripts, that she might the more freely continue her Adulteries, and her Husband was slaine by her meanes. Q. Vettius Salussus was hidden in a very secret place, but ac∣quainting his Wife with it, she betrayed him to the murtherers. Fulvius was discovered by one of his slaves and his Concubine, though he had made her free, and given her goods wherewithall to maintaine her self.

P. Naso was betraid by his slave enfranchised, with* 1.26 whom he had been too familiar, but he revenged him∣self upon his slave, whom he killed, and then held forth his neck to the cut throats. L. Lucceius had put into

the hands of two of his Freedmen as much as would have relieved him in his Banishment, but they ran away with all, whereupon he delivered himself to the murtherers. Haterius, who had hid himself in a very secret place, was sold and betrayed by his slave, and killed. Cassius Varus who was betrayed by a slave made free, had his Head struck off. Caius Plotius was hiden by his slaves, but being given to Perfumes, the sent thereof discovered him; yet when the Soul∣diers could not find him, they cruelly tormented his* 1.27 Servants to make them confesse where he was, which yet they would not do: But the Master pitting his faith∣full servants, came out of his secret place, and deliver∣ed himself to the murtherers.

Appius Claudius changed his Gown with his slave, who in that habit presented himself to the murtherers, and was slain by them instead of his Master. Another slave of Menius did the like: for he went into his Masters Litter, and offered his neck to the murtherers, who cut off his Head, and so his Master escaped into Sicily. The slave of Urbinus Panopio, hearing that the murtherers were comming to his Masters House, took off his Gown and his Ring, and gave him his own apparrel, and put him out at a back doore: then he went up and lay upon his Masters Bed, where he boldly attended them that killed him for Panopio. The slave of Antius Restio, though his Master had soundly beaten him a few dayes before for some knavish tricks, yet to save his Master, meeting an old man by the way, he struck off his Head, and shewing that, with his whippings to the murtherers, he made them believe that thus he had revenged him∣self of his Master, with whom he shortly after fled into Sicily. The slaves of Martius Censorinus kept their Ma∣ster secretly, till he had oportunity to escape into Sicily to Sextus Pompeius.

Q. Oppius, an honourable old man, being very neere* 1.28 taking, was rescued by his Son, who conveying him out of Rome, carried him upon his shoulders, and sent

him into Sicily, where all the poor distressed Romans were courteously intertained by S. Pompeius, who sent forth Ships, and Galleys to lie upon the coast of Italy, ready to receive all them that fled to him; doubly re∣warding those that saved any that was Proscribed: He gave also honourable Offices to all that had been Con∣suls, and comforting the rest with singular courtesie. Many others fled into Macedonia to Brutus and Cassius: others into Africk to Cornificius. Statius Samnis, an honourable Senator being about eighty years old, that those Theeves might have no part of his Goods, he gave them for a prey to whomsoever would take them; then setting his House on fire he burnt himself in it. A∣ponius having been long concealed by his slave, grew weary of that confinement, came out into the Market∣place, and yeilded his neck to the murtherers. Cesti∣us being in the like condition, caused his slaves, to make a great fire, threw himself into it and died: Sulpitus Rufus, who had been Consul, was mur∣thred because he would not sell an Isle of his to Fulvia: also Ampius Balbus was slaine, because he* 1.29 would not give her a pleasant place of his.

M. Anthony put into the number of Proscripts a Se∣nator called Nonius Struma, onely to get from him an* 1.30 Emerod esteemed worth fifty Thousand Crowns: but Nonius found a meanes to escape with his Emerod, to the great grief of Anthony. Some valiantly defended themselves, as Atteius Capito, who killed many Souldi∣ers* 1.31 who came rudely running upon him, but being at last oppressed with multitudes, he was slaine. Ve∣tulinus, assisted by his Son, valiantly repulsed the murtherers, but at last was slaine. Sicilias Coranas hoping to escape, put himself amongst the Mourners that followed a dead Corpse, but being discovered was slaine.

The Triumviri caused the goods of the Proscripts to be sold by the Drum, at such prizes as the Souldiers pleased, yet most part of them was spoiled and given

away. They promised also to Widdowes their Joyn∣tures, and to Sons the tenth part of their Fathers Patrimony, and to Daughters the twentieth part, but few or none had any benefit by this promise; yea, on the contrary, they sacked many of them that demanded* 1.32 these rights. They exacted great summes of money in Rome, and all over Italy; and to encourage the Souldiers, they gave them unmeasurable gifts, and granted them daily new pillage. The Legions they Wintered in the richest Cities upon free Quarter. To be short, men by fear and custome were so inured to slavery, that they became more slaves than the Tyrants would have had them.

These three men having done what they would in Rome, and knowing that Brutus and Cassius had a very great Army in Greece, who called themselves the De∣liverers of their Country, saying that they would go and and set Rome at liberty from oppression: Cassius having overthrown and slaine Dolabella in Syria: and being informed, that by the assistance of their Friends, they had gotten together eighteen Legions, hereupon Mark Anthony, and Octavian resolved to go against them with the greatest Army that they could pos∣sibly make of old Souldiers, and that Lepidus should stay to guard Rome: and accordingly they depar∣ted,* 1.33 and arrived in Greece, and marching on, they drew neer to the place where Brutus and Cassius were encamped, which was in Macedonia in the Philippick Fields.

Before they came to joyn Battell there were sundry* 1.34 Prodigies: for fowles of prey hovered about the Camp of Brutus as if it had been their own already: and as they marched out to Battell, a Blackmoore met them, which they accounted an ill Omen. Brutus being alone in his Tent at night, a man sad and gastly appeared to him, and being asked what he was, he answered, I* 1.35 am they evill Genius, and so vanished: But on the con∣trary. Birds, and Beasts promised good successe to Cae∣sar.

These Armies lying so neere together had fre∣quent skirmishes, and at last came to a Battell, where the Victory was strangely divided: For Brutus on the* 1.36 one side of the Field, did beat Octavian, and put his Battalion to rout, pursuing them into the Camp, where many of them were slaine; and while Brutus was fol∣lowing his Victory, his partner Cassius was over∣thrown by Mark Anthony, though he did all that was possible to encourage his men, and by reason of the clouds of dust, knew nothing of Brutus his Victory, whereupon retiring to an high ground, he there pitched his Tent: and so standing and look∣ing about, he saw Brutus his Troops comming to his aid, and to relieve him; but he imagining that they came flying before their enemies, commanded a slave of his whom he had made free to kill him, who did it accor∣dingly.

Octavians men that escaped by flight, retired to Mark Anthonies Camp, and had not Brutus his men busied themselves in ransacking Octavians Camp, they had that day, obtained an intire Victory: for they might in due time have rescued, and relieved Cassius, and both of them being joyned together might easily have o∣verthrown Mark Anthony: but God had otherwise de∣termined. The Victory being thus devided, the Ge∣nerals of either party gathered their forces together, and of Brutus side, were slaine eight thousand men, and of the enemies side a far greater number. Brutus did his best to encourage and comfort his Souldiers, and the Gentle∣men which followed Cassius: and the next day, though both Armies were put in Battell array, yet they fought not; but a few dayes after, Brutus, by his Souldiers, was forced to come to an other Battell, who was of him∣self willing rather to delay and prolong the War, know∣ing that his enemies wanted Victuals, and many other necessaries, and because he reposed no great trust in the forces of Cassius: for he found that they were fear∣full,* 1.37 and hard to be commanded because of their late o∣verthrow.

When they came to the second encounter, Brutus did all the Offices of an able Generall, and of a Valiant Knight, yet in the end his men were broken, and overthown by the enemy. Burtus having gathered his scattered Troops together, found himself unable to make any further resistance, and being advised by some of his Friends to fly, he told them, That so be would, yet not with his feet but with his hands, and there∣upon, taking a Sword from a servant of his called Stratus, he slew himself. Thus Octavian, and Mark An∣thony* 1.38 remained Victors, and Masters of the Field, and all things succeeded according to Caesars desire, for whom, God in his secret Counsell, had reserved the Monarchy of the whole World, which for the present was devided between three.

These Wars being ended, and the Legions of Brutus, and Cassius, reduced to the obedience of the Conquerors, Octavian, and Mark Anthony agreed, and resolved, that Anthony should remaine to Govern Greece, and Asia, that Lepidus should go into Africk, and that Octavian should returne to Rome: and accordingly Mark An∣thony went into Asia, where he gave himself up to sen∣suality* 1.39 and delights with the fair, but wanton Cleopatra, Queen of Aegypt, and Octavian, though with some hindrances, by reason of his health, at last came to Rome.

Not long after there arose new Wars and troubles for though Octavian was at peace with Lepidus who was now in Africk, Octavian having under his command* 1.40 Spain, France, part of Germany, Italy, and Illyricum, yet Lucius Antonius, who at this time was Consul, be∣ing provoked thereto by his Sister in Law Fulvia, Wife to Mark Anthony, began to oppose himself against Le∣pidus and Octavian, seeking to overthrow the Triumvi∣rat, which contention brake out about the division of Fields which Caesar had made to the Souldiers which had served him in his Wars. Some say that Fulvia made this stirre, that she might procure the return of Mark An∣thony

to her, of whom she was jealous, hearing of his fa∣miliarity with Cleopatra. The discord in Rome grew to that height that they came to Armes; and Lucius Anto∣nius went from the City, and levied an Army against Octavian, who also marched towards him with his Forces. But Lucius not daring to joine Battell, shut himself up in Perugia, where Caesar immediately besieg∣ed him, and divorced himself from Claudia, the Daugh∣ter of Fulvia, and was married to his third Wife, Scri∣bonia by whom he had one only Daughter. Octavian being about twenty three years old, so strictly besieged Perugia that Lucius and his men were brought to such* 1.41 straits for want of Victuals, that he was forced to yeild up himself to Octavian, who pardoned him, and used him kindly, and thus this War was ended without bloudshed. And so Octavian returned to Rome, of which he was now sole Lord: and from hence some reckon the beginning of his Empire which was about four years after the Death of Julius Caesar, and about thirty eight years before the Incarnation of our blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.

Caesar being now in quiet, Fulvia by letters, and false informations sought to stirre-up her Husband Mark An∣thony against Octavian, with which resolution she left Italy, and went towards him; and at the same time Mark Anthony departed from Alexandria in Aegypt, and came to the Isle of Rhodes, where he was informed of all that had happened to his Brother Lucius. From thence he went into Greece, and at Athens he found his Wife Fulvia sick, yet vehemently inveying against Octavian:* 1.42 wherefore leaving her there, he went with two hun∣dred Gallies into Italy, and landed at Brundusium, where the Wars began between him and the Forces of Octavi∣an, who was yet at Rome. But newes comming of Fulvias death, some Friends interposed to reconcile them, and at last it was agreed, that Arbitrators should be chosen to compose their differences. Octavian chose Mecaenas, and for Mark Anthony was Asinius Pol∣lia,

and these brought it to this issue, that Mark An∣thony should have all the East from Italy, beginning from the Jonian Sea, which is the entry into the Veneti∣an Gulph, unto the River of Euphrates, wherein were in∣cluded all the Provinces of Graecia and Asia, with all the* 1.43 Islands within these limits. To Octavian was allotted from the said Jonian Sea to the Westerne or Spanish Sea, wherein were contained Spain, France, Italy, Germany, and Britan. To Lepidus was confirmed Africa, where he then was, with all the Provinces thereof. And for the strengthening of this League, Mark Anthony, now a Widdower, was to marry with Octavia, the Sister of Octavian by the Fathers side, formerly married to Mareus Marcellus, by whom she had one Son called also Marcellus, whom Octavian adopted. And this marriage was dispensed with by the Senate, because in Rome, Widdows were not permitted to marry till they had lived ten moneths in Widdowhood, which she had not done.

This being concluded, Octavian, and Mark Anthony* 1.44 went to Rome, where the wedding was solemnized, and they were seemingly good Friends; but their Peace was disquieted by the Neighbourhood of Sextus Pom∣peius, who commanded the Seas from Sicily where he lived, and with his Ships, and Pirates, he disquited Caesars Friends, who thereupon resolved to ruine him: But at the request of the Senate, and of Mark Anthony, he harkned to Peace, and by the mediation of Friends,* 1.45 it was agreed that all matters past should be forgotten, & that they should live like good Nighbours and Friends, and that Sextus Pompey should enjoy Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica which he had in possession, and that he should cleere the Seas from Pirates that Marchants and passengers might passe safely, and that he should furnish Rome yearly with a certaine quantity of Corne. This being concluded, they agreed upon a meeting of all three upon the Sea side in the straight of Messina, in a Fortresse built for that purpose which reached into

the Water, whither Sextus Pompey might come with his Galleys and be in safety: which accordingly was per∣formed with great joy and solemnity; and Sextus Pompey feasted them in his Galleys, and they likewise him by Land.

From hence Sextus Pompey returned into Sicily, and Octavian and Mark Anthony to Rome, where for a while they remained in great familiarity: and then Mark Anthony preparing for his journey into the East, sent Ventidius before him with a great Army against the Parthians, wherein he had so good successe, that he o∣vercame and defeated Pacorus, the Parthian Kings* 1.46 Son, and slew twenty thousand of his men, and thereby sufficiently revenged the Death of Marcus Crassus, for which he afterwards Triumphed at Rome.

Mark Anthony departed from Rome with his new Wife, and wintered with her in Athens▪ Octavian in the mean time in Rome growing mighty, and in high esteem, was yet very pensive, being troubled at the Nighbour∣hood of Sextus Pompey in Sicily, attending an occasion to War against him: for which purpose he prepared a great Fleet, pretending that▪ Sextus with his Ships,* 1.47 and Gallyes hindred the comming of Corne into Italy. These Sicilian Wars continued for some years: in the beginning whereof Octavian had ill successe, yet more from stormes and tempests than from the force of his enemies▪ and if Sextus Pompey had been as Prudent and able to offend his enemy as he was to defend himself: and as he was Valiant, if he had been as Wise and Po∣litick, he might have greatly distressed Octavian in all matters concerning Italy: yet the matter was so hand∣led, that at Octavians request Mark Anthony came twice out of the East into Italy to assist him in these Wars. The first time he came to Brundusium, where, not find∣ing Octavian according to appointment, he returned without seeing him, upon some jealousies which grew betwixt them. But Octavian having lost most of his Fleet

in a storme, he sent his intire Friend Mecenas to Mark An∣thony, at whose intreaty he returned into Italy with three hundred Ships and Galleys, giving it out that he came to Caesars aid. And though there were some dif∣ferences between them, yet Octavia so laboured between her Husband and Brother, that she reconciled them, and so they met in the mouth of the River neer Taren∣tum, where Mark Anthony gave to Octavian one hundred and twenty of his Galleys for his Wars, and Octavian gave to him some of the Italian Souldiers, and they re∣newed their Triumvirat for other five years. Which done, Mark Anthony returned to the East to prosecute his Wars against the Parthians, his Wife Octavia and her Children remaining in Rome.

Anthony being gone, Octavian resolving to prosecute* 1.48 the Wars against Sextus Pompey with all his Forces, armed two Navies, whereof Agrippa was the Admirall of the one, and himself of the other: He sent also to Lepidus intreaing his aid, who accordingly came and brought with him a Thousand Ships, little and great, and eighty Galleys, wherein he transported five thou∣sand Horse, and twelve Legions of Foot Souldiers. Sextus Pompey hearing what great preparations were made against him, did strongly fortifie all the Sea-coasts of Sicily, and on the frontiers of Africk; neere to Lilibaeum, he placed Plinius, a good Captain with good companies of Souldiers, and his whole Fleet by Sea he drew into the Port of Messina, purposing to mannage his Wars by Sea, having neither experience, nor power to do it by Land, and so he attended the comming of his ene∣mies.

Lepidus loosing with his whole Fleet from Africk, was encountered with a tempest, wherein with the losse of a great part of his Navy, he, with the rest landed at Lilybaeum, and took in certaine places there about, but having small judgement, and experience in the Wars, he made a greater noise then did hurt to Pompey. Octavius also being at Sea in a tempest, lost thirty of his

Galleys, besides small Ships, and with much difficul∣ty returned to Italy: and Taurus, who command∣ed the Galleys which Anthony left, landed at Ta∣rentum, though with great losse and danger. Octavian was so grieved at these losses, that he had thoughts of giving over the War for that yeer: but changing his mind, he repaired his Fleets, and ordered Agrippa, with one of them to passe into Sicily, and there to make War both by Sea and Land: and himself following with the o∣ther Fleet did the like.

About this time Octavian divorced himself from Scribonia, though he had a Daughter by her called Livia, and then he married Livia Drusilla, Wife to Tiberius* 1.49 Nero, by whom she had a Son called also Tiberius; here∣upon Tiberius was forced to leave her to please Octavian, though at this time she was with child of a Son. This Livia he loved deerly, and continned with her till his Death.

Agrippa assaulted, and took in some places in Sicily, which Pompey hearing of, departed from Messina with one hundred and seventy five Galleys, to relive them, and Agrippa being advertised of his comming, prepa∣red to meet him, his Galleys being almost equall in number, and so they joyned Battell, which for a time seemed to be equall, but at last Agrippa prevailed, and Pompey rerreated in time, his Galleys and Foists with∣drawing* 1.50 themselves into some Rivers neer at hand, whi∣ther Agrippa with his bigger Vessels could not follow them. In this fight Pompey lost thirty of his Galleys. Agrippa the next day went to a City called Tindaria, thinking to surprise it by reason of intelligence which he had with the Citizens: and Pompey in the night gave secret order to his whole Fleet to retire to Mes∣sina.

Octavian in the mean time imbarked a great part of his Army, which he landed in Sicily, and set them on shore under the command of Cornificius, little thinking that Pompey had been so neer, who if he had taken this

opportunity, might have defeated Octavian. But loo∣sing it, Octavian imbarking again, intended to deter∣mine the quarrell by a Battell at Sea, leaving Cornifici∣us with his men fortified on the Land. Then did Pom∣pey saile out of Messina with his whole Fleet, and nei∣ther Parties refusing it, they came to a Battell, in which Octavian was overcome, and all his great Fleet scattered* 1.51 and lost, and himself driven to fly into Italy in a Brigan∣dine, where through many dangers, he at last came to the Army, whereof Mesalla was Generall, and being nothing discouraged with this losse, he presently took order for all that was needfull. To Rome he sent his in∣tire Friend Mecenas, to take order that this newes should breed no alteration there, and then presently sent to Agrippa, the Admirall of his other Fleet, that he should with all speed succour Cornificius and his Ar∣my in Sicily, and to Lepidus he sent to desire him to make his present repaire to the Isle of Lippari, which is between Sicily, and Calabria.

His diligence and good order about these affairs was such, that in a short time, by the help of Lepidus, and Agrippa, in dispite of Pompey, he landed all his Forces in Sicily, and joyning with Lepidus, he encamped neer to Messina, where began a most cruel War both by Sea, and Land, wherein the power and sufficiency of Pompey did wonderfully appear, in that he was able to grapple with so potent adversaries. Yet seeing himself oppressed, he sent a challenge to Octavian, that to avoid the further effusion of bloud, he would try it out with him in a Navall fight, so many Ships and Galleys against so many. Ostavian delayed him at the first, but after∣wards they agreed that with three hundred Ships and Galleys on either side, they would meet in such a place, and there fight it out, and accordingly they prepared for the Battell.

Octavian leaving Lepidus with his Land Army, em∣barked himself in his Fleet, and Pompey did the like, and so they joyned Battell, which was one of the cruelest

〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉

〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉

that ever was, considering the Commanders and the strength on either side, where Pompey, after he had per∣formed all the Offices of a good and Valiant Captain, and after the slaughter of multitudes on both sides, was overcome by Octavian, and all his Fleet was burnt and* 1.52 sunk, or taken, saving sixteen sayl which escaped by flight, and he in one of them, and these entered into the Haven of Messina. And though the City was suf∣ficiently fortified, and Pompey knew that Plinius, his* 1.53 Generall was comming to his rescue, yet in a dark night he imbarked, and with those sixteen Ships which had escaped, he fled into the East to Mark Anthony, hoping to find relief from him: but after much toile, and many* 1.54 accidents which happened to him, he was slain by one Titius at the commond of Mark Anthony, and in him failed the House and memory of his Father Pompey the Great.

In this War Octavian escaped many dangers. For having transported part of his Army into Sicily, and* 1.55 sailing back to fetch the rest, he was suddenly supprised by Demochares, and Apolaphanes, two of Pompeys Cap∣taines, from whom he escaped with much difficulty with one only Ship. Then travelling by Land to Rhegiuns, he saw some of Pompeys Galleys neer to the shore, and supposing them to be his own, he went down to the Sea side, where he had like to have been taken by them; and then seeking to escape by unknown passages, he met with a slave of Aemilius Paulus, who remem∣bring that he had proscribed his Master Paulus, Father to this Aemilius, he attempted to kill him.

Octavian having obtained this great Victory aforesaid, though with very great losse, he went to Land with the remainder of his Ships and Army, comanding Agrip∣pa to joyn with Lepidus, and to go to Messina, whither Pliny, Pompeys Generall had retired himself. But not thinking good to stand upon his defence, now that his Master was fled, he yeilded himself to Lepidus with all his

Legions: This made Lepidus so proud, that affecting to have Sicily to himself, he contended with Octavian a∣bout* 1.56 it: and entering into the City of Messina, he placed a Garison in it, to hold it for his own use: The like he did in many other places of the Island: and when Octavian came, he desired to speak with him, great∣ly complaining of his proceedings.

But in Rule, and Dominion equallity is intollerable, whilst either of them coveted this Isle for himself they fell at variance, and Octavian made his Navy to draw neere to the shore: So that both Armies began to stand upon their guard, the one against the other, and many messages passed between them, yet could they not a∣gree. But Octavian was far better beloved and esteemd by the men of War, for his many vertues, and Nobi∣lity, and for his Name-sake [Julius Caesar,] then the o∣ther, and the Souldiers began to lay all the fault upon Lepidus.

Octavian understanding this, laboured secretly to cor∣rupt* 1.57 Lepidus his Souldiers, to draw them to himself: and one day, with a great Troop of Horse, he rode neere to Lepidus his Camp, and parlying with his Souldiers, justified himself and laid all the fault upon Lepidus, in∣somuch that many of them began to come over to his side. Lepidus, being informed hereof, caused an Alarme* 1.58 to be given, and commanded his men to sally out a∣gainst Octavian, but when they came forth, most of them joyned with him: so that Lepidus seeing himself in danger of beig forsaken of his whole Army, yeild∣ed himself unto Caesar, and putting off his Generals Robe, he went to his Tent, and submitted to him. Octa∣vian received him as if he had never offended, very courteously, and honourably, but restored him neither to his State nor power, and sent him with a good com∣pany to Rome, without any Office but the High Priest∣hood, which he had held ever since the Death of Julius Caesar: and so this difference was ended without bloudshed.

Octavian now retaining Sicily to himself, and having devested Lepidus of the Triumvirat, he appro∣priated to himself the Province of Africk, and re∣mained Generall of the three Armies, to wit, of Le∣pidus, of Pompey, and of his own; wherein were fourty five Legions of Footmen, and twenty five thou∣sand Horse, all well armed, besides many other Numi∣dians. He had also upon the Sea, six hundred Galleys and many Ships, and Brigandines. And now waited only for an opportunity to fall out with Mark Antho∣ny that he might make himself Lord of all. Yet for the present he paid his Souldiers as well as he could, and gave Coronets, Honours, and Armes to those who had deserved well in these Wars. He then dispered his Ar∣mies, sending them to their own homes, loaden with many faire promises. He also left, and sent Praetors and Governours into Sicily and Africk, and so hasted* 1.59 towards Rome, where he was received with Ovation (which was little lesse than a Triumph) with incre∣dible joy and honour: and was so exceedingly be∣loved, that in many places they erected Temples and Altars to him, as to their Gods: and he reformed such things as by reason of the Wars were grown out of order.

At this time Mark Anthony, who was in the East, though he had no great successe in his Parthian War, yet was he still of great power, very Rich, and well obeyed in the Provinces of Greece, Asia, and Aegypt, and in* 1.60 the rest of his Governments. But he was so besotted with the love, and company of Cleopatra, the Queen of Aegypt, that he thought of nothing but how to satisfie her humour, in the meane time neglecting, and forget∣ting his Wife Octavia, the Sister of Octavian, who in beauty and Wisdom was nothing inferior to Cleo∣patra, and in virtue and goodnesse did far excell her.

The Monarchy of the World being thus devided be∣tween these two, the one in the East, the other in the West,

yet, as though each of them had not enough, they studi∣ed each of them to supplant, and destroy the other. Chiefly Octavian, who seeing that Anthony neglected* 1.61 his Sister, and did not send for her, he continually ad∣vised, and urged her to go to her Husband, that he might have a fair occasion to fall out with him if she were not well intertained: But she, not well understand∣ing his designe, that she might prevent all controver∣sies between her Brother and her Husband, departed from Rome, carrying with her many Jewels, and Pre∣sents which she had gotten together therewith to pre∣sent Mark Anthony. But he, having fixed his▪ heart upon Cleopatra, wrote to her by the way that she should go into Greece, and stay at Athens, till he re∣turned from the Parthian War, yet did he never go a∣gainst them, Cleopatra hindering him. Notwithstanding Octavia sent all those things which she had brought, to her Husband, and all this not prevailing to procure her acceptence, she went full of griefe, to Rome.

Then did Octavian begin openly to complain of Mark Anthony, and to declared himself his enemy, and Mark Anthony entered into a League with the King of the Medes, the better to strengthen himself, causing Cleo∣patra (besides the Title of Aegypt) to be called Queen of Syria, Lybia, and Cyprus, and joyntly with her, a Son of hers called Caesarion, of whom Julius Caesar left her with child when he was in Aegypt: and to two Sons which himself had by her, called Ptolomy, and Alexan∣der, he gave the Title of Kings: to Alexander, of Ar∣menia, and Parthia: and to Ptolomy, of Cilicia, and Phoenicia,; hereupon the enmity between Octavian and him greatly encreased: yet was the War deferred be∣cause of other Wars which Octavian had in Illyricum, and Dalmatia. The People of these Countries, seeing* 1.62 the Romans engaged in Civil Wars, rebelled, together with those of Austria, Hungary, and Bavaria, who joy∣ned with them. This War Octavian undertook in his own person, which was very cruel and dangerous:

wherein he was twice wounded, and gave great proof both of his Wisdome and Valour: yet in the end, he not only subdued and tamed Illyricum, but both the Pan∣nonia's, and all the neighbouring Nations which had joy∣ned with them.

Then did Octavian return Victorious to Rome, and though a Triumph was granted him, yet would he not Triumph as then, so great was his desire to make War against Mark Anthony, who was no better affected to∣wards him. For he levied Souldiers, procured Friends, and Armies against him, and promised Cleopatra to bring her Tryumphing into Rome. Yea, she requested of him, the Rule and Empire of Rome, and he promis∣ed it her.

Matters standing upon these tearmes, Mark Anthony sent his Wife Octavia a Bill of Divorce, according to the custome of those times, commanding her to go out of his House wherein she dwelt in Rome. This, and other* 1.63 indignities Octavian imparted to the Senate, complaining against Anthony, and in his Orations to the People, he accused him for that (the second five years of his Triumvirat and League being expired) yet came he not to Rome, neither respecting the authority of the Se∣nate, nor of the People, but held his place, and kept possession of the East and of Greece: and by such suggestions he incensed the People against him.

Mark Anthony, on the other side, by Letters and Messengers, complained that Octavian had often broken the Peace, and had cast Sextus Pompey out of Si∣cily, retaining that, and other places which he held, to himself: and that therein he had no respect of him, nor had given him any part thereof: and that he detained the Galleys which he had lent him for that War. As also that he had deprived Lepidus of his Government, and kept all those Provinces, and all the Legions which were his, without imparting any share thereof to him: and that he had divided all the Lands in Italy to his own Souldiers, not assigning any part thereof to

his. Thus the one accused the other, either pretend∣ing that they were forced to undertake the War; where∣as the truth is, it was their Ambition, and insatiable de∣sire to Rule that pricked them forward to it. Hereupon they called diverse Nations to their aid, so as the whole World in a manner, either of one side or other, was in Armes. Those in the West for Octavian, and those in* 1.64 the East for Anthony: at least, the beast and choisest men of them all.

Anthony was first in the Field, and came with a great Army to the famous City of Ephesus in Jonia, a Province of Asia the lesse, whither he had sent for his Navy to transport him into Europe. And he had in readinesse eight hundred Galleys and Ships of burthen: two hundred whereof Cleopatra gave him, together with all the Ammunition, and Victuals necessary for the Fleet: He also took her along with him, contrary to the advise of all those which were of his Councel. Then sailed he to the Isle of Samos, to which he had appoint∣ed all the Kings, Tetrachs, and People which served him in this War, to come by a day perfixed. The Kings that met him there, were Tarcondemus, King of the upper Cilicia: Archalaus, of Cappadocia: Philodel∣phus, of Paphlagonia; Methridates, of Comagena, and o∣thers: Besides those which sent their Forces, as Herod, King of Judaea: Amyntas, of Lyeaonia: and the Kings of Arabia: Of the Medes: and Palemon, King of Pontus with some others. So that he had one hundred thou∣sand well trained Footmen, and twenty two thousand Horse, besides his Navy by Sea, which consisted of five hundred Gallyes, besides Ships of burden which carried his amunition, and Victuals.

If Anthony, thus furnished, had presently passed in∣to Italy, he had put Octavian into great hazard: For* 1.65 then he had not sufficient Forces to have withstood him, nor other necessary Provision for the Wars. But Mark Anthony, delaying the time at Athens, let slip the oper∣tunity, and gave Octavian leasure to provide all things

necessary from Italy, France, Spain, and all other his Provinces, from whence he levied eighty thousand choise Souldiers, and above twenty thousand good Horse: and seeing that Anthony stayed so long, he sent him word, that seeing he had Ships, and other fit provision, he should* 1.66 come for Italy, where he staid in the Field to give him Battell, promising to afford him good Ports and Havens, where he might safely land without interruption. To this Anthony answered, that it would be more honour∣able* 1.67 if he would determine this quarrel in Person against him, body to body, which he would willingly accept, though he was now old and crazed, and the other young and lusty: and if he liked not of this challenge, he would stay for him with his Army in the Fields of Pharsalia, in the same place where Julius Caesar fought with Cneius Pompey.

These Messages passing between them without effect, Anthony drew his Army by Land, and his Navy by Sea towards Italy, and Octavian, imbarked his Legions at Brun∣dusium,* 1.68 and crossed the Sea to a place called Torma, in the Province of Epire (now called Romania) and after some notable exploits performed, the two Armies drew neer together, as also did the Navies. Octavians Na∣vy consisted of two hundred and fifty Galleys, but better armed, and swifter then were Mark Anthonies, though his were more in number. And Mark Anthony, be∣ing perswaded by Cleopatra (who in this also was the cause of his ruine, thereby to have the better meanes to fly if the Battell should be lost) would needs try his Fortune in a Sea fight, though his Army by Land had a great advantage over the o∣ther.

Anthony chose twenty two thousand out of his Army* 1.69 and put them aboard his Fleet, and Octavian, who refused not the Sea-fight, made his provision also, and so ship∣ping himself in his Galleys, he committed the charge of his Land Army to Taurus, and Anthony left his Land Forces with Canidius: and in the sight of both the Armies,

these two brave Captaines, which the best Navies in the World, took the Seas, where they fought for no lesse then the Empire of the World. Yet was the Fight de∣ferred for three dayes in dispite of both parties, the Seas rising so high that they could not Govern their Vessels. The fourth Day they came to an encounter at a Cape called Accius, in Epire, not far from the place where their Land Armies stood.

The Battell was one of the most cruelest that ever was heard of, and lasted ten hours before Octavian obtained* 1.70 the Victory, though Mark Anthony staid not so long in the fight. For Cleopatra in the greatest fury of the Bat∣tell, fled away in her Galley, whom seventy of her o∣ther Galleys followed: and unfortunate Mark Anthony, who all his life time hitherto had been a valiant and brave Captain, seeing Cleopatra fly, on whom he had fixed his* 1.71 eyes and heart, shifting out of his own Galley into a ligh∣ter, followed her, without regard of his Armies either by Sea, or Land, and overtaking her, went abord her Galley, wherein he sailed three dayes with out either seeing or speaking with her, being confounded with shame for shewing so much weaknesse, and at last they arrived in the Port of Alexandria in Aegypt.

His Navy which he left fighting, though now Head∣lesse and without a Captain, yet continued to make gal∣lant* 1.72 resistance till five thousand of them were slaine: and at last they were overcome, rather for want of a Commander then through any force of an enemy, though Octavians light and swift Galleys were a great help to him: and so he remained Conquerour, and granted life, and pardon to the Conquered, getting in∣to his hands three hundred of their Galleys. In An∣thonies Army by Land there wanted neither courage nor constancy to their Generall, though he had so unwor∣thily deserted them: and therefore they continued se∣ven dayes in their Camp, ready to give Battell, without accepting any composition from the enemy, and they would have staid longer, had not Canidius their Cap∣taine

abused his trust, flying secretly from the Camp to seek Anthony, whereupon, the Army being destitute of a Generall, yeilded to the enemy; who admitted them* 1.73 into his own Army, being nineteen Legions of Foot, and twelve thousand Horse. The Senators, Knights, and Noble men, that had served Anthony, many of them he fined in great summs of Money, many he put to death, and some he pardoned.

Then did Caesar sail to Athens, and being pacified with the Greeks, he distributed the Corne that was left in the War, to the Cities that were afflicted with Famine, and that were despoiled of their Money, Servants, and Horses, And Anthony being arrived in Aegypt, chose out one good Ship of good burden, and fraught with store of Treasure, and rich Plate of Gold and Silver, and gave it to his Friends, intreating them to divide it amongst them and to shift for themselves, and he wrote to Theo∣philus, the Governour of Corinth, that he would pro∣vide them an hiding place till they might make their Peace with Caesar. And Caesar, of the spoiles of the enemy dedicated ten Ships' to Apollo Actius.

Anthony being come into Africk went into a desart* 1.74 place, wandering up and down, only accompanied with two Friends; and after a while he sent to the Generall of the Army which he had formerly raised for the de∣fence of Aegypt, but he slew his messengers, and said that he would not obey Anthony, whereupon he had thought to have killed himself, but being hindred by his Friends, he went to Alexandria, and after a while he built him an House in the Sea by the Isle of Pharos, and there lived from the Company of all men, saying, That he would live the life of Timon the Man-hater, because he was abused by his Friends, and had experience of their in∣gratitude, and he called this house Timonion. Yet at length he left this place, and went to the Pallace, where he spent his time in Feasting and jollity. And Cleopa∣tra got together diverse sorts of deadly poisons of poi∣sonsome Creatures, whereof she made triall upon many

condemned persons, and amongst all, she liked the biting of the Aspe best: for it brought a sleepinesse without any contraction of the members, or groaning, onely causing a gentle sweating of the face, and a lan∣guishing stupidity of the senses.

At Rome many things were decreed in honour of Caesar* 1.75 for this Victory at Sea: First a Triumph was granted him for Cleopatra: and a Triumphal Arch was erected at Brundusium, and another at Rome. The base of the Juli∣an Temple was adorned with the Beakes of the Shipshe had taken: There were Playes decreed to be kept every fifth year in honour of him: Processions were always to be made on his Birth day, and on the day wherein the newes of his Victory was first brought. That the vestall Virgins, the Senate, with their Wives and Chil∣dren should go and meet him at his returne: that all the Ornaments of Anthony should be demolished and cast down: that his birth day should be accounted unlucky: and that none of his Famely should ever have the forename of Marcus.

About this time Anthony and Cleopatra sent Ambassa∣dours to Caesar into Asia. Cleopatra demanded the King∣dom of Aegypt for her Children, and without Anthonies knowledge, sent him a Scepter, Crown, and Chaire, all of Gold, as it were, delivering her Kingdom over to him: and Anthony demanded that he might live a private life at Athens if he might not continue in Aegypt. Caesar accepted of Cleopatra's gifts, accounting them as good Omens: but he would afford no answer to Anthony; and privately he promised impunity and her Kingdom to Cleopatra if she would kill Anthony. They sent also a second Ambassage to Caesar, and Cleopatra promised him a huge masse of money; and Anthony minded him of the former friendship and alliance that was between them, and what acts they had done together: he deli∣vered also to him Terullius, a Senator, and one of Cae∣sars murtherers, whom he put to death▪ he proffered also to kill himself to obtaine security for Cleopatra,

yet Caesar would give him no answer.

Anthony and Cleopatra hereupon prepare for War, and Caesar at last marched against them, and sent Cornelius* 1.76 Gallus before with four Legions, who suddenly seized up Paraetonium, the prime City of Aegypt, toward Ly∣bia. Anthony being informed hereof, marched towards Paraetonium, hoping to draw Gallus his Souldiers to owne him, but when on the contrary he had received great losse both by Sea and Land, he returned to Alexandria. Presently after Caesar took Pelusium, by the Treachery of Cleopatra, who caused Selucus the Governour to deliver it up to him, hoping to draw his love to her, yet did she disown it to Anthony.

Cleopatra had storehouses, and Monuments, admira∣ble both for sumptuousnesse and higth, which she had built by the Temple of Isis, and thither she had brought the most precious things of all her Royall Treasure, as Gold, Silver, Emeralds, Pearles, Ebony, Ivory, and Cinnamon, as also store of Lamps, and Flax; whereupon Caesar fearing that she would set fire of them, whereby he should loose such Treasures, he, to pre∣ven despaire, gave her hopes of favour, whilst he marched to wards the City, and she privately forbad the Citizens of Alexandria to sally out against him; where∣as openly she seemed to encourage them to oppose him.

Caesar being come before the City, Anthony fallied out,* 1.77 and fought valiantly with him, and routed his Horse, and drave them to the very Camp, of which at his re∣turne, he boasted to Cleopatra, and she to reward him gave him an Headpeice, & Armour, all of Gold. The next Day Anthony dispersed tickets amongst Caesars Souldiers, promising them fifteen hundred Drachmaes a piece if thy would come over to him: These Caesar read to his Souldiers, rendering Anthony more hatefull to them thereby, and they being exceeding angry that their fide∣lity was tempted, fought so valiantly at the next encoun∣ter, that Anthony was driven back out of the Field. Af∣ter

this Anthony challenged Caesar to a single Duel, who answered, That Anthony had many wayes to die. He therefore considering that he could not die any way more honourably than in Battell, resolved to set upon Caesar both by Sea and Land.

Many Prodigies fore-ran the bondage of Aegypt. In* 1.78 some places it rained bloud. Armies appeared in the Aier. A huge Draggon was seen amongst the Aegyp∣tians which hissed horribly. A Comet appeared, and the Images of the Dead. The Statues seemed to mourne: and Apis lowing heavily, shed some teares.

On the Kalends of August, Anthony early in the morn∣ing* 1.79 went down to the Haven to order his Fleet. But Cleopatra caused them to revolt from him, and to joyn with Caesars Fleet: Whilst Anthony beheld this, he was also forsaken by all his Horsemen, who revolted to Cae∣sar, and his Foot were heaten back into the City: where∣upon he cryed out that he was betrayed by Cleopatra. She fearing his anger, fled to her Monument with one Eunuch, and two Maids, and sent Anthony word that she was dead: This he believing, desired his faithfull ser∣vant Erotes, according to his former promise, to kill him: Erotes drew out his Sword as if he would do it, but Anthonies back being towards him, he slew him∣self, who falling at his feet, Anthony said, Noble Erotes, thou hast taught me what to do, but couldst not endure to do it thy selfe; So taking the Sword, he thrust it into his Belly: yet after a while, the bloud stop∣ping,* 1.80 he desired those about him to dispatch him, but they all fled, which caused a great tumult.

Cleopatra from the top of the Monument perceiving it (for the Gate was so made that being shut it could not be again opened) she sent her Secretary to bring him in∣to the Monument to her: Anthony was carried to the foot of the Monument, and being tyed in a Pulley, was with great paines drawn up by Cleopatra and her two Maids. It was a sad sight to see him thus drawn up, be∣smeared

with bloud, and ready to give up the Ghost. When he came to the top, he stretched forth his hands to Cleopatra, who receiving him in▪ laid him on a bed, tareing her head tire, breast and face with her own hands, so that she was all gore bloud: He laboured to comfort her, and advised her to look to her affaires, and to save her life if she could do it without dis∣honour, and that amongst all Caesars Friends she should most trust Proculeius, and so gave up the Ghost.

In the mean time Dercetaeus, one of Anthonies Guard, stole his bloudy Sword, and ran away with it to Caesar, telling him what had happened: Caesar then going into the inmost roome of his Tent, much bewailed Anthony,* 1.81 his Kinsman and Colleague, and who had been his companion in many Battels, and in the Government of the Empire. Then sending for Proculeius, he com∣manded him by all meanes, if it were possible, to save Cleopatra alive, fearing to loose her Treasures, and that she might adorne his Triumph. Procuieius, and one Epaphroditus coming to the Monument, laboured to per∣swade Cleopotra to come forth: and at last, by a wile, Proculeius seized upon her, yet granted her some dayes to embalme Anthonies Body, after which they brought her into the Pallace, diminishing nothing either of her wonted traine, or honour, that so she might do no mis∣chief to her self.

Caesar having Conquered Alexandria; ascended into a Tribunal, and calling the Citizens before him, who for fear fel upon their knees, he told them that he free∣ly* 1.82 pardoned them for their great God Serapis his sake. He also pardoned the rest of the Aegyptians, being un∣willing to put so many men to death, which formerly had done so good service for the Romans. Of those that favoured Anthony, some he put to death, and others he par∣doned either of his own good will, or at the intercession of Friends. And whereas Anthony had with him many Children of Kings, some as Hostages, others upon

false accusations, some of them Caesar sent home, others he joyned together in marriage, and some he kept by him. Comming to view the Tomb of Alexander the Great (which as Strabo reporteth was of Glasse) Caesar put a Crown upon it, and strewed flowers over it, and wor∣shipped it: and being asked whether he would see the Bodies of the Ptolomies? he answered, That he would see a King, not the dead. Neither would he go to see their God Apis, saying, that he used to worship Gods, not Oxen.

Many great Kings, and Captains desired to bury the Body of Anthony, but Caesar would not take it from Cleopatra, who buried it splendidly and Magnificent∣ly, and Caesar suffered her to take what Treasures she would for his Funerals. Cleopatra, through her much sor∣row, fell into a Fever, and her Breast was troubled with inflammations, and ulcers, through the blowes which she had given herself, yet by the care of Caesar, and the skill of her Phisician she was recovered: after which she delivered to Caesar an Inventory of all her Treasures: and when Seleucus, one of her Treasures, accused her for concealing some things, she leaped up, and taking him by the haire, she buffetted him soundly; at which Caesar smiling, reproved her, to whom she answered, Is it not a great matter, O Caesar, seeing thou pleasest to come* 1.83 and visit me in this condition that I am in, that I should be accused by my own Servant? If I have reserved some Jewels, not for my self poor wretch, but that I might Present Octavia, and thy Lyria▪ that by their intercessions I might find the more favour with thee, I hope its no fault. Caesar was glad at this, hoping that now she had a mind to live, but she deceiv∣ed him.

Shortly after she wrote a Letter, and sealing it up, she sent it by Epaphroditus to Caesar, wherein she desired to be buried with Anthony▪ then adorning herself in her* 1.84 best apparel, she set an Aspe to her left Arme, by the biting of which, she presently died as in a slumber. As soon as Caesar had read her Letter, he sent some in all

hast to her to see what was done, who when they came, found Cleopatra dead upon a bed of Gold, in all her roy∣all robes, and her two waiting maides dead at her feet. Casar being informed hereof, admired, and pitied her, and grieved that he was deprived of the chiefe honour of his Triumph; and buried her in the same Sepulcher with Anthony, finishing the Tomb which she had be∣gun: and her waiting Women by his command were buried honourably: she lived thirty nine years and raigned twenty two.

Caesar having setled his affairs in Aegypt, passed through Syria into Asia, and from thence into Greece, and so to Rome where he Triumphed three dayes, first* 1.85 for his Dalmatian, secondly for his A••cian, and thirdly for his Aegyptian Victory, which was the most sumptu∣ous, and set forth with the greatest preparations, where∣in was carried in a bed the Image of Cleopatra, and an Aspe biting her Arme. After which Caesar inriched the Temple of his Father Julius with the Aegyptian spoiles: He also consecrated many things to Jupiter Capitolinus, Juno, and Minerva: He brought into the Cell of Jupiter Capi∣tolinus sixteen thousand pound weight of Gold, beside Pearls, and precious stones vallued at fifty Millions of Sesterces, and Rome was so enriched with the Riches of Alexandria that the prizes of every thing were doubled, and Interest fell from ten to four per Cent.

Thus Caesar, in the space of about sixteen years, erected the Monarchy, which his Uncle Julius Caesar had begun, and though the meanes whereby he obtained it, are not justifiable, yet afterwards he Governed it justly, and wisely, and was one of the best Princes in the World: Gentle, Just, Mercifull, Liberall, Valiant, and endued with many other Virtues; happy and suc∣cesfull* 1.86 in his affaires, and much beloved of all: and the People, and Senate of Rome gave him a new Name, which before that time was never heard of, calling him Caesar Augustus, a Name which they held for ho∣ly, venerable, and of Great Majesty, and which apper∣tained

to the Gods and their Temples, concerning which Ovid thus writes,

Sed tamen humanis celebrantur honoribus omnes, Hic socium summo cum Jove nomen habet, &c. Fastorum.

All common Persons have their common Fame, But he with Jove enjoyes an equall Name, Of old most sacred things, Augusta were: Temples that Name, and hollowed things do bear: Yea Auguri depends upon this word, And whatsoever more Jove doth afford: Let it enlarge his rule and life, let all Our coast be guarded by a fenced wall.

The Senate also by Oath approved all his acts, freed him from all tye of Laws, and that he should have as* 1.87 absolute power as the Laws, and that he might do all things, or not do them, according to his pleasure. And now because the Books of the Sybils, through age were worn out, Augustus gave charge to the Priests, with their own hands to write them out, and that no other should read them.

Caesar Augustus (for so now we must call him) seeing himself in quiet and without War, caused the Tem∣ple of Janus to be shut, whereas they Religiously ob∣served,* 1.88 that during the time of War it should stand open: It had never before been shut since the foundati∣on of Rome but twice: Once in the time of Numa Pom∣pilius the second King thereof: and the other after the second Punick War, whe Titus Manlius was Conful▪ Augustus shut this Temple three times, whereof this was the first: And now living in Peace and prosperity, he omitted no part of his care in the Government of the Roman Commonwealth, and the Provinces there••••: Sending thither Praetors, Pro-consuls, and other Gover∣nors which were excellent men, & fit for those dignities:

and himself gave direction, and was very diligent in all things touching Justice, Customes, Religion, and publick buildings, so as in all things his Rign was happy, peaceable, and quiet dureing all his life.

Yet in this so happy a time, some People and Nations still affecting Liberty, laboured to shake off the Roman* 1.89 yoak, and thereby molested, and disquieted the Empire, as the Spaniards, the Inhabitants of Illyricum, and the Pannonians. In Spain the Cantabrians, the Astu∣rians, and part of Gallicia, passing their bounds, began a War against the Empire. Augustus being informed hereof, judging it to be a doubtfull War, and of impor∣tance, commanded the Temple of Janus to be opened, and determined to go against them in person, and to send other Captaines to follow his other Wars. And accordingly Augustus went into Spain, and with three Armies made War against the People aforementioned, which proved very doubtfull, and desperate, and last∣ed five years: and though he suppressed the Cantabrians, and Asturians, and drave them to their Rocks and Moun¦tains, yet before he could wholly subdue them, he was faign to bring a great Navy upon the coast of France to in∣vade the Sea coasts of Cantabria, and Galizia, by which meanes he drave them to such extremities by Land, that they were at last forced to submit to his obedi∣ence.

Augustus his great favourite Agrippa served him faith∣fully in this War, whom therefore he married to his Daughter Julia, who was the Widdow of his Nephew Marcellus, the Son of his Sister Octavia. And thus he brought all Spain into subjection to him above two∣hundred* 1.90 years after the Romans began to make their first Wars there. So as no Province cost Rome more Treasure, more bloud, nor more time than Spain

This long and doubtfull War being so happily finish∣ed, Augustus was so pleased with it that he gave

commandment that the Temple of Janus should again be shut, and came to Rome in great Triumph. But this Temple continued not long shut, for some Nations of the Germans rebelled, so that it was again opened. These were the Inhabitants of Noricum, (now Bavaria) and the Pannonia's (now Austria and Hungary) and the two Missia's (now Bulgary, and Servia)▪ as also Illyricum (now Sclavonia) and the Province of Dacia (now Transylvania, and Walachia) and some others, though at severall times.

Against these Augustus sent his Generals, and Ar∣mies, amongst which were his Sons in Law, the Sons of Livia, Tiberius Nero, who succeeded him in the Empire, and his Brother Drusus Nero, of whom Livia was with child when Octavian married her: and these two Brothers (though the War lasted somewhat long) vanquished those Nations, and obtained great Victories in Germany, and the confines thereof: especially Tiberi∣us, who in three years space subdued the Pannonia's, Il∣lyricum, and Dalmatia; for which Victories he after∣wards entered into Rome in an Ovation Triumph with great Pomp and honour. Marcus Crassus also over∣came and put to flight the Missians, a People who had never seen the Romans before. And when they were ready to give Battell, they said, Tell us who you are that seek to molest, and disquiet us? We are (said they) Romans, the Lords of Nations, whereupon they replyed, It shall be so if you overcome us; which fell out accordingly.

But Augustus obtained not these Victories without* 1.91 some crosses. For in these Wars dyed his Son in Law Drusus, who was highly esteemed for his Noble acts, and grear Victories, for the losse of whom both Au∣gustus and Livia were much afflicted: But yet his griefe was greater for the mishap which befell Quintilius Varro, who was Generall of three Legions in Germany, and being carelesse, was surprized by the Almans, and himself, his Legions, and all his Auxiliaries were slaine, and

two Standards with the Emperiall Eagles taken, for which he was so immoderately grieved, that he knocked his Head against the Wall, and cryed out unadvisedly, Quintilius Varro, Give me my Legions again: For certaine moneths also he suffered the haire of his Head and Beard to grow carlesly. And the very day of this unhappy ac∣cident, he did every year observe mournfully with sor∣row and lamentation.

Of his Son in Law Drusus there remained two Sons, Germanicus and Claudius, which he had by Antonia, Au∣gustus his Neece, and Daughter of his Sister Octavia and Mark Anthony; of which Claudius was Emperour: And Germanicus married Agrippina, the Daughter of Julia, Augustus his Daughter, by whom he had Caius Caligula, who also was afterwards Emperour. Au∣gustus, after many notable Victories, compelled his enemies at length to sue for Peace, whereupon again he commanded the Temple of Janus to be shut up, and from thenceforth all things succeeded prosperonsly with him.

The Subjects of the Empire were now very obedient to him, and all other sent their Ambassadours seeking his* 1.92 favour, and Friendship. The Indians in the remotest parts of the East; and the Scythians that inhabited the North: and the Parthians an untamed People, sent their Ambassadours to him, giving security to keep the Peace, and restoring to him the Standards and Eagles which were taken when Marcus Crassus was slaine. There came also Kings who were Friends and Subjects to the Roman Empire to do him Homage, laying aside their Ensignes, and Royall Robes: and many of them built Cities to his Name, and for his honour, calling them Caesaria. So did Herod the Great in Palestine: King Juba in Mauritania, and others.

The World being thus at Peace and quietnesse, forty and two years being expired since that Augustus, af∣ter the Death of Julius Caesar, came to Rome, in the time of this generall Peace, was the Prince of Peace, our bles∣sed

Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ borne in Bethlem, of* 1.93 the Virgin Mary, Herod being King of Judaea, placed there by the Romans, of whose blessed Life and bitter Death, as also of the order of his Ministery, and Mira∣cles see his Life published by me Anno Christi 1664. At which time their came forth a command from Caesar Augustus that all the Roman World should be tax∣ed, which taxing was first made when Cyrenius was Go∣vernour of Syria. Luck. 2. 1. Out of which a little Book was made by Augustus, in which all the publick Riches were contained: as also how many Citizens, and Allies in Armes: what Navies: How many King∣domes and Provinces: what Tribute, and Customs there were: what necessary charges, and Pensions went out. Shortly after Augustus was called Lord by the People, but he did not only refuse that Title, but forbad it by a publick Edict.

Augustus enjoying so great prosperity, was yet no∣thing* 1.94 altered in his qualities and behaviour, as often it happens in other Princes; but rather became more mild, just, and affable, more courteous, liberall, and temperate. He established very good Laws, and or∣ders for the reformation of abuses and evill customes. He erected both within and without Rome many stately, and sumptuous Edifices, which made him to boast con∣cerning Rome, Latericiam inveni, Marmoream reliqui: I found it built with Brick, and left it built with Mar∣ble. He bestowed great gifts and favours upon all sorts of People. He delighted the People with Feasts, and Playes of sundry kinds, going himself in person to honour them: He sent Colonies into sundry parts and Provinces: He made excellent good Orders for the Governours, and Government of the whole Empire: The like he did also for the Wars, and Martial Disci∣pline. He shewed himself loving and sociable to his Friends and Familiars, whom he honoured and loved much. Some conspiracies against him which were disco∣vered, he punished without rigour, being more prone to

pardon than to punish. Of murmurings, and defama∣tory Libels he never desired to know the Authours; but answered them with gravity, giving satisfaction, and purging himself from those things which were charged upon him. He was much addicted to, and affected with learning, and himself was very learned and elo∣quent, and compiled some notable Books. He much honoured and rewarded wise and learned men: yet he escaped not the tainture of some vices, growing through humaine frailty, and his great liberty: especially he was much given to Women, though in his diet, apparel,* 1.95 and ornaments he was very sparing and modest. He gave himself also excessively to play at Dice, and other Games then in use.

Thus, though in many things he was very happy, yet, besides his troubles and dangers, he was very unhappy in his Children and Successours: For by his* 1.96 four Wives to whom he was married, he had only one Daughter called Julia, by his third Wife Scribonia, and she proved exceeding Wanton, and unchast, yea she left nothing undone in luxury, and lust, which was possible for a woman to do or suffer, accounting every thing lawfull that pleased her. Yea, she came to that heigth of laciviousnesse, that she kept her feasting even in the Courts of Justice, abusing those very places with lascivi∣ous acts in which her Father had made Laws against A∣dulterers. Hereupon her Father was so enraged that he could not contain his anger within his own House, but published these things, yea, and communicated them to the Lords of the Senate. He kept himself also a long time from company for very shame: He had thoughts of putting his Daughter to death; but at last he banished her into Pandataria, an Island of Campania, her Mother Scribonia, of her own accord, accompanying her in ba∣nishment, Julia being at this time thirty eight years old.

For want of Sons to succed him, Augustus first adopt∣ed his Nephew Marcellus the Son of his Sister Octavia, to whom he first married his Daughter Julia: and Mar∣cellus

dying without issue, he then married her to his Favourite Agrippa: who also left her a Widdow, but yet he had by her three Sons, and two Daughters: Two of these Sons having been adopted by Augustus, died before him: whereupon he adopted the third, who bore his Fathers Name, Agrippa, the which adoption he afterwads revoaked for some displeasure conceived a∣gainst him: and lastly he adopted his Son in Law Tibe∣rius Nero, and made him his Heire, whom also he married to his Daughter Julia, the Widdow of Agrip∣pa: yet this he did more through the importunity of his mother, than for any good liking that he had of him, being sorry that such an one should succeed him.

Not long after, the first Letter of his Name that was upon the Inscription of his Statue that was set up in the Capitol, fell down, being struck with a flash of lighten∣ing; whereupon the Southsayers foretold that he should* 1.97 live only one hundred dayes after, which was denoted by the letter C. and that he should be Cannonized for a God, because Aesar, which remained of his Name, in the Hetruscan. Tongue signified a God. Hereupon he wrot a Catalogue of his doings, which he appointed to be engraven in Tables of Brasse, and to be set over his Tomb.

Things being thus done, Caesar Augustus being now se∣venty six years old, and odd dayes, having raigned above fifty six, and being the best beloved, and the best obeyed Prince in the World, Death overtook him, which was occasioned by a flux which held him for some dayes: and so Augustus died at Nolla in Campania, in the same House and Chamber wherein his Father Octavius died,* 1.98 being the nineteenth day of August, upon which day he was first made Consul: and in the fifteenth year after the birth of our Saviour Jesus Christ.

He was generally lamented, and there was a univer∣sall sorrow, and heavinesse over the whole Empire for him. For he did wisely and uprightly Govern that Mo∣narchy

〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉

〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉

which he had gotten by force, and fraud. He was* 1.99 of a mean stature, of a very good shape, and proportion of Body, of an exceeding fair face mixed with modesty, and gravity: His eyes were very clear and bright: He was very advised in his speeches, and loved to speak quick, and briefly. His last Will and Testament was written a year and four moneths before he died, and left in the custody of the Vestall Virgins.

In his life time he was very desirous to reforme abuses in Rome, and in the first place he corrected some disor∣ders in the Senate, whom he reduced to the number of six hundred. He reformed what was amiss in their playes and Games, in the Knights, and in their manner of suing for publick Offices. He set fines upon their Heads that would not marry, and bestowed much up∣on those that had Wives and Children. He gave unto Hor∣tensius* 1.100 twenty five thousand Crowns to procure him to marry, that he might raise up issue to that Noble Fa∣mily of the Hortenses. He ordained that maids should be at least twelve years old before they married: and suffer∣ed them to kill Adulterers that were taken in the fact, and condemned the Sodomites without pardon. He gave order that none should be put in nomination for Offices but such as were vertuous and of good repute. He tied not himself to any certain hours for his meales, but used to eat when he was hungry, and that which he fed upon was neither dainty nor delicate, and he drank* 1.101 little Wine: Instead of a Looking-glasse, he used to read or write whilst his Barber was trimming him. He ne∣ver spake to the Senate or people, or to his Souldiers but what he had first written and premeditated, though he had words at command.

He delighted to read good Authours, but gathered no∣thing more then sentences teaching good manners, and* 1.102 having written them out word for word, he gave Cop∣pies thereof to his familiar Friends, and sent them about to the Governours of Provinces and to the Magistrates of Rome. He was too much adicted to Divinations,

and was marvellously afraid of Thunder and Lightning: Our Saviour Christ being borne, all the Devils Oracles ceased, and the Oracle of Delphes was faigne to confesse it, and ever after remained dumb: whereupon Augustus* 1.103 being astonished, caused a great Altar to be set up in the Capitol, with an Inscription, signifying that it was the Altar of the God first born. To prevent the great abuse of Usury which undid many Families, he put into the Ex∣chequer twenty five hundred thousand Crowns, and suffered private men to take of it for three years without* 1.104 Interest, putting in good security for the paying back of the principall: and condemned such usurers as had taken more than the Law allowed to pay four times as much to those who had been oppressed by them.

FINIS.

Notes

• * 1.1

  His Paren∣tage.
• * 1.2

  His first imploy∣ment.
• * 1.3

  He comes into Italy.
• * 1.4

  Many re∣sort to him.
• * 1.5

  He comes to Rome.
• * 1.6

  M. Antho∣ny's pride.
• * 1.7

  And fal∣shood.
• * 1.8

  Caesar raises▪an Army.
• * 1.9

  Anthony leaves Rome.
• * 1.10

  His Par∣simony.
• * 1.11

  Caesars Policy.
• * 1.12

  Anthony declared an enemy.
• * 1.13

  Caesar o∣vercomes him.
• * 1.14

  He fliesin∣to France.
• * 1.15

  Caesar makes himself Consul.
• * 1.16

  A Trium∣virate e∣rected.
• * 1.17

  Many pro∣scribed.
• * 1.18

  Ingrati∣tude.
• * 1.19

  Cicero flies.
• * 1.20

  And is slaine.
• * 1.21

  Horid cruelty.
• * 1.22

  Sons un∣naturall.
• * 1.23

  Sons duti∣full and good.
• * 1.24

  Wives good.
• * 1.25

  Wives bad.
• * 1.26

  Servants bad.
• * 1.27

  Servants good.
• * 1.28

  A good Son.
• * 1.29

  A Jeza∣bel.
• * 1.30

  Base co∣veteous∣nesse.
• * 1.31

  Valour.
• * 1.32

  Oppressi∣on.
• * 1.33

  They go against Brutus and Cassius.
• * 1.34

  Prodigeis.
• * 1.35

  A Specta∣rum.
• * 1.36

  Brutus beats Cae∣sar. M. Anthony beats Cas∣sius.
• * 1.37

  Brutus beaten.
• * 1.38

  Kills him∣self.
• * 1.39

  Anthony With Cle∣opatra.
• * 1.40

  Troubles in Rome.
• * 1.41

  Caesars Victory.
• * 1.42

  Authony comes into Italy.
• * 1.43

  Peace made be∣wixt them.
• * 1.44

  Anthony marries Octavia.
• * 1.45

  They are reconciled with Sex∣tus Pom∣pey.
• * 1.46

  The Par∣thian bea▪ten.
• * 1.47

  Caesar en∣vies Sextus Pompey.
• * 1.48

  Wars against him.
• * 1.49

  Caesar marries Livia.
• * 1.50

  Pompey beaten.
• * 1.51

  Caesar beaten.
• * 1.52

  Pompey beaten.
• * 1.53

  And flies.
• * 1.54

  And is slaine.
• * 1.55

  Caesars dangers.
• * 1.56

  He falls out with Lepidus.
• * 1.57

  Caesars Policy.
• * 1.58

  Lepidus overcome.
• * 1.59

  Caesar re∣tern to Rome.
• * 1.60

  Anthony besotted with Cleo∣patra.
• * 1.61

  Caesar seeks a quarrill with him.
• * 1.62

  Caesars new troubles.
• * 1.63

  Qurrals betwixt them.
• * 1.64

  Preparati∣on for War.
• * 1.65

  Anthonys impru∣dence.
• * 1.66

  Caesars message.
• * 1.67

  Antonys answer.
• * 1.68

  They meet.
• * 1.69

  They pre∣pare to fight.
• * 1.70

  A Battell.
• * 1.71

  Antony flies.
• * 1.72

  His mens fidelity.
• * 1.73

  His Army yeilds to Caesar.
• * 1.74

  Anthony lives pri∣vately.
• * 1.75

  Caesar highly honoured.
• * 1.76

  Anthony prepars for War.
• * 1.77

  Casar pursuss him into Aegypt.
• * 1.78

  Prodigies.
• * 1.79

  Cleopatras treachery.
• * 1.80

  Anthony kills him∣self.
• * 1.81

  Casar be∣wailes his Death.
• * 1.82

  Caesar par∣dons the Egytians.
• * 1.83

  Cleopatras Passion.
• * 1.84

  She kills herself.
• * 1.85

  Caesars Triumphs
• * 1.86

  Caesare commen∣dations.
• * 1.87

  Flattery.
• * 1.88

  Janus Temple shut up.
• * 1.89

  New troubles.
• * 1.90

  Spain sub∣dued.
• * 1.91

  Augustus his crosses.
• * 1.92

  Many Ambassa∣dours come to him.
• * 1.93

  Our Sa∣viour Christ borne.
• * 1.94

  His Pru∣dence and Justice.
• * 1.95

  His vices.
• * 1.96

  His cros∣ses.
• * 1.97

  A prodi∣gy.
• * 1.98

  His Death.
• * 1.99

  His Cha∣racter.
• * 1.100

  He was a friend to marriag.
• * 1.101

  His tem∣perance.
• * 1.102

  His Pru∣dence.
• * 1.103

  The De∣vils Ora∣cles dumb
• * 1.104

  His Cha∣rity.