Tully's three books of offices, in English with notes explaining the method and meaning of the author.

CHAP. IV.

Other Conveniencies from inanimate Beings, and un∣reasonable Animals, receiv'd by Mens Industry. The Advantages arising from Mens joyning in Society.

SO Houses, which serve to defend us from the ex∣tremities of Heat and Cold, could neither at first have been made by Mankind; nor afterwards, if by Earth-quake, Tempest, or length of Days, they had fall'n to decay, have been repair'd or re∣built; had not Men, joyn'd together in one com∣mon Society, learnt to beg Help and Assistance of one another. To this Industry of Men we are also indebted for Conveyances of Water, for making new Channels and Arms to Rivers, and for turning the Streams after such a manner, as thereby to water and fatten our Grounds; for throwing up Banks to defend us from the Waves, and making of new Harbors in convenient Places. From all which In∣stances, and a great many others that might easily be produc'd, 'tis abundantly manifest, That the Fruits and Advantages reap'd from those things, which are call'd Inanimate, are entirely owing to Mens Labour and Industry. Secondly, a 1.1 Those we receive from unreasonable Animals, how very little and inconsiderable would they be, if they were not augmented by the same Peoples Industry? For who was it but Men that first discover'd the Uses, to which Beasts in their several kinds might be ser∣viceable? And how at this time could we feed or break them? How could we keep 'em, and get

the most Profit and Advantage by 'em, without the Endeavours and Assistance of the same Men? 'Tis they that destroy us those Creatures which are hurt∣ful, and procure for us those which may be service∣able to us. Why need I mention a b 1.2 multitude of Arts, which are absolutely necessary to our Well∣being here? For what Help or Succour could those that are sick, or what Pleasure those that are heal∣thy find? How could Mankind be supply'd with Victuals, and other Conveniencies or Comforts of Life; if it weren't for that number of Callings in the World, which are wholly design'd to provide 'em of such things? By which Men are brought to live better and more handsomly, and are rais'd to a condition so far above that of unreasonable Animals. Again, Cities could neither have been built nor frequented, without a Community and Society of Men: From hence have arisen all Laws and Customs; the Bounds of Equity and Justice have been settled; and a certain and regular Me∣thod laid down for the Conduct of Mens Lives. This has brought Modesty into request, and fill'd off the natural Roughness of Mens Tempers; has contributed to the greater Security of their Lives, and establish'd such a Commerce and Correspon∣dence among 'em, as by mutual giving and recei∣ving of Benefits, by bartering and changing one Commodity for another, one Convenience for ano∣ther, supplies 'em to the full with whatever they stand in need of.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Having shewn, That the Advantage they reap from ina∣nimate Beings is owing to Men; he proceeds to shew the same of unreasonable Animals.
• b 1.2

  Several other things, such as Arts and useful Inventions. Civil Society, &c. whereby Men are serviceable and do good to one another.