Thomas Campanella, an Italian friar and second Machiavel, his advice to the King of Spain for attaining the universal monarchy of the world particularly concerning England, Scotland and Ireland, how to raise division between king and Parliament, to alter the government from a kingdome to a commonwealth, thereby embroiling England in civil war to divert the English from disturbing the Spaniard in bringing the Indian treasure into Spain : also for reducing Holland by procuring war betwixt England, Holland, and other sea-faring countries ... / translated into English by Ed. Chilmead, and published for awakening the English to prevent the approaching ruine of their nation ; with an admonitorie preface by William Prynne, of Lincolnes-Inne, Esquire.

CHAP. VI, How the Clergy are to be dealt withal. (Book 6)

BUt it is not sufficient that we have the Clergy on our side; but we are further to labour that at length we may get a Spani••rd to be elected Pope, or rather, one of the house of Austria; seeing it is evident, that whensoever the Pope pronoun∣ceth his Oracle for this House, He doth thereby raise it withall; and on the contrary•• He casts a cloud upon it, and keeps it under, whensoever He declares against it. Which the Kings of France observing, they have endea∣voured with all their might, that the Pope should remove his Seat, and go and live in Fr••nce. And so we know that when the Oracle at Delphos began once to speak on Philips side, King of Macedon: He presently, what by his Politick Stra∣tagems, and what by Pretense of Religion, arrived to the Mon∣archy of all Greece.

In the Determinations also concerning Differences in Reli∣gion, it behoves the King of Spain to be the most Active of any in the managing of the same; and indeed to take a greater care, and to be more Vigilant herein, then the Pope himself. Whence we see, that Philip, King of France, did alwaies in a manner, as it were, command Pope Iohn the XXII. as being himself more Zealous then the Pope was, in defending, and propagating that decree of the Church, namely; That the Saints in Heaven do see the Essence of God, even before the last day of Iudg∣ment.

There must also alwaies some Novelty or other, tending to Christian Religion, be set on Foot; such as are the Canonizations of Saints, the changing of the Names of Holy Dayes, & of Moneths, & other the like things, by transferring them to Christian Wor∣ship; by which means He shall keep busy the heads of the Prelats

as much as he can, and so shall thereby the more confirm his own Authority among them. He ought besides to oblige the Chief of the Clergy to himself by the most commodious Arts that he can; as namely, by sending into the Low-Countries, and the like suspected places, Cardinals, and Bishops, to be Governours there; for the People would much more readily and chearfully obey the commands of such, then they will the severity of the Spaniard; and such Prelates would also adhere more to Them. Neverthelesse in the mean time they ought to have as subordi∣nate to them, some Military Commanders, with Forces too. And besides, He ought, by the Popes consent too, to send abroad such Cardinals, as are either Spaniards born, or at least of the Spanish Faction, into the parts of the New world, and all other far remote Places, to rule and exercise Monarchical Power there; which would be a businesse of high advantage to Him. He must also bestow on all Wise Men, and such as are the most Skilled in matters of Religion, greater gifts, then the Pope him∣self doth; that so He may have them at his devotion, whensoe∣ver He shall have need of them. He must make choice of, and take into all His Higher Councels two or three of the Religious, either Iesuits, Dominicans, or Franciscans, that he may bind the Clergy the faster to Himself, and that his Councellours may be the more Circumspect, and may in their Determinations have more Authority. In all Wars that he takes in hand, every one of his Chief Commanders must have an Adjutant joyned to him out of the Clergy; for by this meanes the Souldiers will hear∣ken to their Commands with the more Reverence; neither is any thing to be done, without their being first acquainted therewith. But especially the Stipends of all Poor Maimed Souldiers are to be distributed to them by the hands of those of the Clergy; for this is the Misery of Spain, that they pay their mony, and know neither how, nor to whom. And by this meanes under the Banner of Religion•• He shall both make the Pope more firm to him, and shall also establish his own Empire; and so complying with Divine Fate, He shall raigne the more happily, and be the more Fortunate. Neither ought He ever to commend to the Pope for Ecclesiastical Dignities and Prefer∣ments, such persons as are not fit for the same; that so He may have the greater credi•• with the Pope, and that those Persons, whose wisedom and parts He hath commended to him, may be

the more approved, and esteemed. He must alwayes likewise be making Proposals, and laying down the wayes by which the Infidels are to be set upon: and he must be earnest with the Pope, that he proclaime that all such Princes are worthy to be deposed, that shall any way impede, or hinder such Religious Expeditions. He shall do well also to build Hospitals, Almes∣houses, and the like Charitable Places, which, as they are profi∣table, and give encouragement to the Souldiery, so may they serve also as so many Seminaries, both for Souldiers and Arti∣ficers for the contriving of Engines for war; in which Houses, Maimed Souldiers and Engineers may be carefully lookt un∣to, and may also have Indulgencies proposed unto them, as shall be shewed hereafter. He must also be sure, that whatsoever Expeditions He shall undertake, they shall be approved of by the Pope; that so they may be commended by all Christians, and also that the Craft of the Spaniard may be the lesse suspected; and that the Pope also himself may be the more ingaged to see the same brought to good effect. He must declare also to the World, that He conceives the Right of Empire to consist, not in Armes alone; (contrary to the Opinion of the Roman Scipio, who being askt by a certain Spanish Commander, What Right h•• had to Spain? answered him, only by shewing him the Armie he had brought against it;) but in the Auspicious Fa••e of Christi∣anitie. According to what Iephta answered, when he was askt the same question; Iud. 11.24. Wilt not thou possesse that which Chemosh thy God giveth thee to possesse? So whomsoever the Lord our God shall drive out from before us, them will we possesse. Whatso∣ever therefore the Spaniard getteth under the Victorious Banner of Christ, it is his own Right. And this I speak in reference to the Spaniards Subduing of the New World, which is blamed by so many. For seeing that the Indians had Violated the Law of Nature, the King of Spain invading them upon the Interest of the Christian Religion, (whose Handmaid the Law of Nature is) their Country is his lawful possession; in like manner as Moses seized upon the Holy Land, after that the iniquities of the Amorites were once grown full; So also the Turkes having possessed themselves of Constantinople under the Conduct and Fortune of Mahomet, for our sins, they possesse it now as their own Right, as if Chemosh had given it them•• But neither are

all meanes of recovering that Empire again denied us there∣fore; when as we shall have repented of that sin, which was the cause that we lost it; namely, the Discord of the Christian World. For then the Angel of that Empire, which now de∣fends, and takes care of It, not for that false Macon's sake, whom It invokes; but by reason of the just Judgment of God, shall come over unto Us.

And these Arguments are of very great moment for the de∣fending, or (as I may better call it) the Justifying of those Ex∣peditions; the justice of which, Lactantius especially, lib. de Iustitia Dei, and Cajetan 2^•.2^x. and some other of our later Writers understood not.

But now, it seems to me very expedient, for the inducing of the Pope to stand wholly for the King of Spain, and that the Fate of Christianity may advance His Monarchy, if that King Philip would promise the Pope, that He, (whereto the rest of the Chri∣stian Princes should give their assent,) would observe inviola∣bly that Constitution of the Emperour Constantine, wherein he affirms, That in all Causes, and from what Powers and Courts of Judicature soever, Appeales may be made to the Tribunals of the Bishops; who are called by Him, Angeli Dei, Gods Angels; and Dei terrestres, Gods on Earth.

For when the Pope shall once find this promptnesse, and rea∣dinesse of Mind in him, He cannot chuse but alwaies be a friend unto him. Neither can this be any diminution at all of the Dignity of the King: for the rest of the Christian Princes will never give their consent hereto, without all doubt; and so all businesses will be betwixt the Pope and Him onely to be mana∣ged. But in case that They should also give their assents to this, all Causes would presently be put necessarily into the Popes hands; so that the King of Spain having united his Monarchy to the Popes, He should that way also have Dominion over the rest.

And that this may not prove prejudicial to him, He may er••ct some kind of Supreme Councel, and Court of Judicature, into which there shall be admitted Two Bishops, and His own Confessor; and Himself also, as a Clergy Man, shall have a Power of Voting there, (for as much as the Kings Eldest Son is alwaies to be initiated into the Order of the Clergy:) and to

this Councel there should be liberty of Appeal, as from all other Tribunals, so from that even of the Bishops also, in case they shall oppresse either their own, or the Kings Subjects. For by this means, the King shall in effect be the sole Judge, not onely of all other Courts, but even of that of the Bishops too, as being Himself one of the Holy Order of the Cler∣gy.

And by this means He shall evade that dangerous opinion of D. Rota, who sayes, that The Kings Subjects, when they are hardly dealt withal by the Prelats, may appeal to the Supreme Councel of Spain. Which Assertion is certainly both an unwor∣thy, and an Heretical one, and is of dangerous consequence also to the King; for it tends to the rendring Him odious to his people, and diminisheth rather, then encreaseth His Authority; as we find it testified by daily Experience. Or else, it may in∣deed be desired at the Popes hands that it should be so; and it may also be declared, that the King is willing to yield, that in all Causes whatsoever there should be Appeales to the Pope, if so be that it may be but every where allowed to appeal first to a Councel of Three Bishops: or else, that Appeales in all Causes of the Laity shall come at length to the Pope, but passing first by degrees, through a Councel, consisting of two Bishops, and the King; and so to be referred afterward to a General Councel; and last of all to come to the Pope: for, Appeals from General Councels are very seldome heard of; and besides, the very Name of a Councel is hateful to the Pope. So that in con∣clusion, the determination of all Causes will alwaies rest with the King; who by this means shall be a Gainer, where he seems to be a Loser.