Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana, or, A fabrick of science natural, upon the hypothesis of atoms founded by Epicurus repaired [by] Petrus Gassendus ; augmented [by] Walter Charleton ...

SECT. I.

THat the sounding Line of Mans Rea∣son is much too short to profound the Depths,* 1.1 or Channels of that immense Ocean, Nature; needs no other evictment but this, that it can∣not attain to the bottom of Her Shallows. It being a discouraging truth, that even those things, which are familiar and within the sphere of our Sense, and such to the clear discernment whereof we are furnish∣ed with Organs most exquisitely accommodate; remain yet ignote and above the Moon to our Under∣standing. Thus, what can be more evident to sense, then the Continuity of a Body: yet what more abstruse to our reason, then the Composition of a Continuum? What more obviously sensible then Qualities: and yet what problem hath more distracted the brains of Philosophers, then that con∣cerning their Unde, or Original? Who doth not know, that all Sensation is performed by the Mediation of certain Images, or Species: yet where is that He, who hath hit the white, in the undoubted determination of the Na∣ture of a species, or apodictically declared the manner of its Emanation from the Object to the Sensorium, what kind of insensible-sensative impression that is, which it maketh thereupon, and how being from thence, in the

same instant transmitted to that noble something within us, which we un∣derstand not, it proves a lively Transumpt, or type, and informs that ready judge of the Magnitude, Figure, Colour, Motion, and all other apparences of its Antitype or Original? or, what hath ever been more manifest or be∣yond dubitation, then the reality of Motion? and yet we dare demand of Galilaeo himself, what doth yet remain more impervestigable, or beyond apodictical decision, then the Nature and Conditions thereof.

Concerning the First of these 4 aenigmatical Quaestions, we have former∣ly praesented you no sparing account of our Conjectural opinion: which we desire may be candidly accepted in the latitude of Probability only, or how it may be, rather then how it is, or must be; i. e. that it is, though most possible and verisimilous that every Physical Continuum should consist of Atoms; yet not absolutely necessary. For, insomuch as the true Idea of Nature is proper only to that Eternal Intellect, which first conceived it: it cannot but be one of the highest degrees of madness for dull and unequal man to praetend to an exact, or adaequate comprehension thereof. We need not advertise, that the Zenith to a sober Physiologists ambition, is only to take the copy of Nature from her shadow, and from the reflex of her sensi∣ble Operations to describe her in such a symmetrical Form, as may appear most plausibly satisfactory to the solution of all her Phaenomena. Because 'tis well known, that the eye of our grand Master Aristotles Curiosity was levelled at no other point, as himself solemnly professeth (in Meteorolog. lib. 1. cap. 7. initio) in these words: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: i. e. Cum autem de hisce, quae sensui pervia non sunt, satis esse juxta rationem demonstratum putemus, si ad id ••uod fieri possit ea reduxeri∣mus, ex hisce quae in praesentia dicuntur, existimaverit quispiam de hisce maximè ad hunc modum usu venire. And evident it is that Mons. Des Cartes never was more himself, that is, profoundly ingenious, then when he crowned his excellent Principles of Philosophy with this advertisement: a•• quamvis forte hoc pacto intelligatur, quomodo res omnes naturales fieri potue∣rint; non tamen ideo concludi debet, ipsas reverà sic factas esse: & sati•• à me praestitum esse putabo, si tantum ea quae scripsi, talia sint, ut omnibus Naturae Phaenomenis accurate respondeant; hoc enim ad usum vitae suf∣ficiet.

And, concerning the other three, which according to the natural order of their dependence, are successively the Arguments of our next ensuing Exercitations; we likewise deprecate the same favourable interpretation, in the General: that so, though our attempts perhaps afford not satisfaction to others, yet they may not occasion the scandal of Arrogance and Obstinacy in opinion to our selves.

* 1.2By the Quality of any Concretion, we understand in the General, no more but that kind of Apparence, or Representation, whereby the sense doth distinctly deprehend, or actually discern the same, in the capacity of its pro∣per Object. An Apparence we term it, because the Quale or Suchness of eve∣ry sensible thing, receives its peculiar determination from the relation it holds to that sense, that peculiarly discerns it: at least from the judgment made in the mind according to the evidence of sensation. Which doubtless

was the genuine intent of Democritus in that remarkable and mysterious text, recorded by Galen (in lib. 1. de Element. cap. 2.) thus: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c. Lege enim Color, lege amaror, lege dulcor; revera autem Atomus, & Inane, inquit Democritus, existimans omneis Qualitates sensibileis ex Ato∣morum concursu gigni, quatenus se habent ad nos, qui ipsarum sensum habe∣mus: Natura autem nihil candidum esse, aut flavum, aut rubrum, &c. The importance of which may be fully and plainly rendred thus; that since nothing in the Universe stands possessed of a Real or True Nature, i. e. doth constantly and invariately hold the praecise ••uale, or Suchness of their par∣ticular Entity, to Eternity; Atoms (understand them together with their essential and inseparable Proprieties, lately specified.) and the Inane Space only excepted: therefore ought all other things, and more eminently Qua∣lities, in regard they arise not from, nor subsist upon any indeclinable neces∣sity of their Principles, but depend upon various transient Accidents for their existence, to be reputed not as absolute and entire Realities, but simple and occasional Apparences, whose specification consisteth in a certain modi∣fication of the First Matter, respective to that distinct Affection they intro∣duce into this or that particular sense, when thereby actually deprehended. Not that Democritus meant, in a litteral sense, that their production was de∣terminable ex instituto hominum, by the opinionative laws of mans Will; as most of his Commentators have inconsiderately descanted: but in a Meta∣phorical, that as the justice, injustice, decency, turpitude, culpability, lauda∣bility of Human actions, are determined by the Conformity or Difformity they bea•• to the Constitutions Civil, or Laws generally admitted, so likewise do the whiteness, blackness, sweetness, bitterness, heat or cold, of all Natu∣ral Concretions receive their distinct essence, or determination from certain positions and regular ordinations of Atoms. And this easily hands us to the natural scope of that passage in Laertius; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Esse Atomos & Inane Universorum princi∣pia, caetera omnia Lege sanciri: as also of another in Empiricus (1. hypot. 30.) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, VERE esse Insectilia ac Inane. However, if any please to prefer the exposition of Magnenus, that Democritus by that unfre∣quent and gentilitious phrase, Nomo esse Qualitates would have the deter∣minate nature of any Quality to consist in certa quadam lege, & proportione inter agens & patiens, in a certain proportion betwixt the Agent and Patient, or object and sensorium; we have no reason to protest against his electi∣on. For we shall not deny, but what is Ho••y to the palate of one man, is Gall to another; that the most delicious and poynant dishes of Europe, are not only insipid but loathsome to the stomachs of the Iapones▪ who in health eat their Fish boyled, and in sickness raw, as Maffeus (in libro de Iaponum mo∣ribus) reports; that some have feasted upon Rhubarb, Scammony, and Esula, which most others are ready to vomit and purge at the sight of; that Serpents are dainties to Deer, Hemlock a perfect Cordial to Goats, Helle∣bor a choyce morsel to Quails, Spiders restorative to Monkeys▪ Toads an Antidote to Ducks, the Excrements of man pure Ambre Grise to Swine, &c. All which most evidently declare the necessity of a certain proportion or Correspondence betwixt the object and particular organ of sense, that is to apprehend and judge it.

But since the Notion of a Quality is no rarity to common apprehension, every Clown well understanding what is signified by Colour, Odour, Sapour, Heat, Cold, &c. so far as the concernment of his sense we are no longer to suspend our indagation of their possible ORIGINE, in the ge∣neral.

Which, were our Atoms identical with the Homoiomerical Principles of Anaxagoras formerly described,* 1.3 and exploded; might be thought a task of no difficulty at all: in regard those Consimilarities are supposed actually to contain all Qualities, in the simplicity of their nature, or be∣fore their Convention and Disposition into any determinate Concretion; i. e. that Colour, Odour, Sapor, Heat, Cold, &c. arise from Colorate, O∣dorate, Sapid, Hot, Cold particles of the First Catholique Matter. But, insomuch, as Atoms, if we except their three congenial Proprieties, viz. Magnitude (which by a general interest, retains to the Category of Quali∣ties) Figure, and Motion; are unanimously assumed to be Exquales, seu Qualitatis Expertes, absolutely devoid of all Quality: it may seem, at first encounter, to threaten our endeavors with infelicity, and damp Curiosity with despair of satisfaction. And yet this Giant at distance, proves a mere Pygmie at hand. For, the Nakedness, or Unqualifiedness of Atoms, the point wherein the whole Difficulty appears radicated; to a closer con∣sideration must declare it self to be the basis of our exploration, and indis∣pensably necessary to the Deduction of all sensible Qualities from them, when disposed into Concrete Natures. Because, were any Colour, Odour, &c. essentially inhaerent in Atoms; that Colour, or Odour must be no less intransmutable then the subject of its inhaesion: and that Principles are In∣transmutable, is implied in the notion of their being Principles; for it is of the formal reason of Principles, constantly to persever the same in all the transmutations of Concretions. Otherwise, all things would inevitably, by a long succession of Mutations, be reduced to clear Adnihilation. Besides, all things become so much the more Decoloured, by how much the smaller the parts are into which they are divided; as may be most promptly experimented in the pulverization of painted Glass, and pretious stones: which is demon∣stration enough, that their Component Particles, in their Elementary and discrete capacity, are perfectly destitute of Colour. Nor is the force of this Argument restrained only to Colour, as the most eminent of Quali∣ties sensible: but extensible also to all others, if examined by an obvious in∣sistence upon particulars.

* 1.4Now, having taken footing on the necessary Incompetence of any sensi∣ble Quality to the Material Principles of Concretions: we may safely ad∣vance to our Investigation of the Reason, or Manner how Colour, and all other Qualities may be educed from such naked and unqualified Principles. And first we must have recourse to some few of the most considerable EVENTS consignable to Atoms, as well as to their 3 inseparable Pro∣prieties. The primary, and to this scope, most directly pertinent Events of Atoms, are only two, viz. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, ORDER and SITUA∣TION. That Leucippus and Democritus, besides those two eminent e∣vents, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Concretion, and Secretion, from which the Ge∣neration and Corruption of all things are derived; have also attributed unto Atoms, two other as requisite to all Alteration, i. e. the procreation of va∣rious Qualities, namely Order and Position: is justifiable upon the testi∣mony

of Aristotle (in lib. de ortu & interitu) however He was pleased (in 8. Metaphys. cap. 2.) interpreting the Abderitane terms of Democritus, to adnumerate 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Figure, unto them, and thereupon inferr that Atoms are different, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. aut Rhysmo, quod est Figura; aut Trope, quod est situs; aut Diathege, quod est ordo: & (in Metaphys. 1. cap. 4.) to exempli∣fie this difference in Letters of the Alphabet; saying that A and N dif∣fer in Figure; A N, and N A, in order; and Z N, in situation. Which is the same with what Empiricus (2. advers. phys.) reports to have been deli∣vered by Epicurus. True it is, his Disciple Lucretius, exceeded him in the number of Events assignable to Atoms, in order to the emergency of all sensible Qualities from them; for he composing this Distich

Intervalla, Viae, Connexus, Pondera, Plagae, Concursus, Motus, Ordo, Positura, Figurae,

confounds both Events and Conjuncts together: wherein He seems to have had more regard to the smoothness of his Verses, then the Me∣thodical traction of his Subject. For, Motion, Concurse, and Percussion are the natural Consequents of Gravity: and Distance and Connexion are included in Position; and Wayes or Regions belong to Order, as may be exemplified in the former Letters, which respective to their remote or Vi∣cine Position, and their Change from the right to the left hand, exhibite to the sense various faces or apparences.

That those two Conjuncts, Magnitude and Motion,* 1.5 are necessarily to be associated to Order and Position; is evident from hence, that if it be enqui∣red, why there is in Light so great a subtility of parts, as that in an instant it penetrates the thickest Glass; but so little in Water, as that it is termi∣nated in the superfice thereof: what more verisimilous reason can be al∣ledged to explain the Cause of that difference in two fluid bodies, then this, that the Component Particles of Light are more minute, or have less of Magnitude, then those of Water? And if it be enquired, why the Aer, when agitated by the wind, or a fan, appears Colder, then when quiet: what solution can be more satisfactory, then this, that by reason of its mo∣tion it doth more deeply penetrate the pores of the skin, and so more vi∣gorously affect the sense? However, if we confine our assumption only to these three Heads, Figure, Order, and Position; we shall yet be able, without much difficulty, to make it out, how from them, either single, or diversly commixt, an infinite Multiplicity of Qualities may be created; as may be most appositely explained by the Analogy which Letters hold to Atoms. For as Letters are the Elements of Writing, and from them arise by gradation, Syllables, Words, Sentences, Orations, Books: so proportio∣nately are Atoms the Elements of Things, and from them arise by gradation, most exile Moleculae, or the Seminaries of Concretions,* 1.6 then greater and greater Masses successively, until we arrive at the highest round in the scale of Magnitude.

But we are restrained to an insistence only upon our 3 Heads assumed. As Letters of divers Figures, U, G, A, E, O, when praesented to the eye, carry 3 different species, or aspects; and when pronounced, affect the Ear with as many distinct sounds: exactly so do Atoms, respectively to the va∣riety

of their Figures, and determinate Contexture into this or that spe∣cies, occurring to the Organs of Sight, Hearing, Smelling, Tasting, Touch∣ing, make divers impressions thereupon, or praesent themselves in divers Apparences, or what is tantamount) make divers Qualities. (2) As one and the same Letter diversly posited, is divers to the Sight, and Hearing, as may be instanced in Z, N, y, ••, b, d, p, q: so likewise doth one and the same Atom, according to its various positions, or faces, produce various affections in the Organs of Sense. For instance, if the Atome assumed be Pyramidal: when the Cone is obverted to the sensory Organ, it must make a different impression upon it, from that which the Base, when obverted and applyed, will cause. (3) As the same two three or more Letters, ac∣cording to their mutation of Site, or Antecession and Consequution, im∣part divers words to the eye, divers sounds to the ear, and divers things to the mind; as ET, TE, IS, SI, SUM, MUS, ROMA, AMOR, MARO, RAMO, ORAM, MORA, ARMO, &c. so also may two three, or more Atoms, according to their various positions and transpositions, affect the sense with various Apparences, or Qualities. (4) And as Letters, whose variety of Figures exceeds not those of the Alphabet, are sufficient only by the variety of order, to compose so great diversity of words, as are contained in this, or all the Books in the World: so likewise, if there were but 24 diverse Figures competent to Atoms, they alone by variety of Order, or transposition, would suffice to the constitution of as incomprehen∣sible a diversity of Qualities. But, when the diversity of their Figures is incomparably greater: how infinitely more incomprehensible must that va∣riety of Qualities be, which the possible changes of their Order may produce?

* 1.7Thus in the Water of the Sea, when agitated into a white froth, no other mutation is made, save only the situation and differing contexture of the parts thereof disposed by the included aer into many small bubbles; from which the incident rayes of Light (which otherwise would not have been reflected in united) are reflected in united and direct streams to the eye, and so creat a whiteness continued, which is but paler, or weaker light, which must disappeari mmediately upon the dissolution of the bubbles, and re∣turn of the p••rts of the water to their natural constitution of flui∣dity.

* 1.8And since we are fallen upon that eminent Quality, Colour▪ we shall il∣lustrate the obscure nativity thereof, in the general, by a most praegnant ex∣ample. Immerge into a Glass Vial of clean fountain Water, set upon warm embers, half••n ounce more or less, according the quantity of Water) of the leaves of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and after a small interval of time, instill into the infusion a few drops of the oil of Tartar made per Deliqu••um, which done, you shall perceive the whole mixture to become Red. Now, seeing that no one of the three ingredients, in their simple and divided state, do retain to that spe∣cies of Colour in the remotest degree of affinity; from what original can we derive this emergent Redness? Doubtless, only from hence; that the Water doth so penetrate, by a kind of Discussion separate, and educe the smaller particle•• of that substance, whereof the leaves of Senna are compo∣sed, as that the particles of the oyl of Tartar subtily perme••ting the infusion, totally after the Contexture thereof, and so commove and convert its mi∣nute dissolved particles, as that the rayes of Light from without falling upon

them, suffer various refractions and reflections from their several obverted faces, and praesent themselves to the eye in the apparence of that par∣ticular Colour. And to confirm you herein; you need only instead of oyl of Tartar, infuse the like proportion of oyl of Vitriol into the same Tincture of Senna: for, thereupon no such redness at all will arise to the composition. Which can be solved by no better a reason than this; that the oyl of Vitriol wants that virtue of commoving and converting the educed particles of the Senna into such positions and order, as are determinately requisite to the incidence, refraction, and reflection of the rayes of Light to the eye, necessary to the creation of that Co∣lour. On the Contrary, instead of Senna, infuse Rose leaves in the Water, and superaffuse thereto a few drops of the Spirit of Vitriol: and then the infusion shall instantly acquire a purple tincture, or deep scarlet; when from the like or greater quantity of oyl of Tartar instil∣led, no such event shall ensue. Both which Experiments collated are Demonstration sufficient, that a Red may be produced from sim∣ples absolutely destitute of that gloss, only by a determinate Commix∣ture, and position of their insensible particles: no otherwise then as the same Feathers in the neck of a Dove, or train of a Peacock, upon a various position of their parts both among themselves, and to∣ward the incident Light, praesent various Colours to the eye; or as a peice of Changeable Taffaty, according as it is extended, or plicated, appears of two different dyes. The same may also be conceived of the Caerule Tincture caused in White Wine by Lignum Nephriticum infused when the Decoction thereof shall remain turbid and subnigri∣cant.

Moreover, lest we leave you destitute of Examples in the other 4 orders of Qualities, respondent to the 4 remaining senses, to illustrate the suf∣ficiency of Figure, Order and Situation, to their production; be pleased to observe.

First, that Lead calcined with the spirit of the most eager Vinegre,* 1.9 so soon as it hath imbibed the moysture of the ambient aer, or be irri∣gated with a few drops of Water, will instantly conceive so intense a heat, as to burn his finger that shall touch it. Now, since both the Calcined Lead and Water are actually Cold, and no third Nature is admixt, and nothing more can be said to be in them when commixt, that was in them during their state of separation; whence can we de∣duce that intense Heat, that so powerfully affecteth, indeed, misaffect∣eth the sense of Touching? Quaestionless, only from this our triple fountain, i. e. from hence, that upon the accession of humidity, the acute or pointed particle of the spirit of Vinegre, (whereby the fixed salt of the Lead was, by potential Calcination, dissolved, and the Sul∣phur liquated) change their order and situation, and after various con∣volutions, or the motions of Fermentations, obvert their points un∣to, and penetrate the skin, and so cause a dolorous Compunction, or discover themselves to the Organ of Touching in that species of Quali∣ty, which men call Heat. The reason of this Phaenomenon is clearly the same with that of a heap of Needles; which when confused in ob∣lique, transverse, &c. irregular positions, on every side prick the hand

that graspeth them: but if disposed into uniform order, like sticks in a Fagot, they may be laterally handled without any asperity or puncture: or that of the Bristles of an Urchine, which when de∣pressed, or ported, may be stroked from head to tayle, without of∣fence to the hand; but when erected or advanced, become intra∣ctable.

By the same reason also may we comprehend, why Aqua Fortis, whose Ingredients in their simple natures are all gentle and innoxious, is so fiery and almost invincible a poyson to all that take it: why the Spirit of Vitriol, freshly extracted, kindles into a fire, if con∣fused with the Salt of Tartar: why the Filings of Steel when irri∣gated with Spirit of Salt, suffer an aestuation, ebullition, and dis∣solution into a kind of Gelly, or Paste: with all other mutations sensible, observed by Apothecaries and Chymists, in their Compo∣sitions of Dissimilar natures, from which some third or neutral Qua∣lity doth result.

* 1.10Secondly, that in the parts of an Apple, whose one half is rotten, the other sound, what strange disparity there is in the points of Co∣lour, Odour, Sapour, Softness, &c. Qualities. The sound half is sweet in taste, fresh and fragrant in smell, white in Colour, and hard to the touch: the Corrupt, bitter, earthy or cadaverous, dusk∣ish, or inclinining to black, and soft. Now to what Cause can we adscribe this manifest dissimilitude, but only this: that the Particles of the Putrid half, by occasion either of Contusion, or Corrosion, as the Procatarctick Cause, have suffered a change of position among themselves, and admitted almost a Contrary Contexture, so as to ex∣hibite themselves to the several Organs of Sense in the species of Qua∣lities almost contrary to those resulting from the sound half; which up∣on a farther incroachment of putrefaction, must also be deturbed from their natural Order, and Situations in like manner, and consequently put on the same Apparences, or Qualities. For, can it be admitted, that the sound mo••ty, when it shall have undergone Corruption, doth consist of other Particles then before? if it be answered, that some particles thereof are exhaled, and others of the aer succeeded into their rooms; our assertion will be rather ratified, then impugned: because it praesumes, that from the egression of some particles, the subin∣gression of others of aer, and the total transposition of the remaining, Corruption is introduced thereupon; and thereby that general change of Qualities, mentioned.

* 1.11These Instances, and the insufficiency of any other Dihoties, to the rational explanation of them, with due attention and impartiality perpend∣ed; we cannot but highly applaud the perspicacity of Epicurus, who constantly held, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that the Motion of Mutation was a species of Local Transition: and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: Concretum, quod secundum Qu••litatem mu∣tatur, omnino mutatur Locali & transitivo motu eorum corporum, ra∣tione intelligibilium, quae in ipsum concreverint. Which Empiricus (2.

advers. Phys.) descanting upon, saith thus; Exempli caussâ, ut ex dul∣ci fiat aliquid amarum, aut ex albo nigrum; oportet moleculas, seu Corpuscula quae ipsum constituunt, transponi, & alium, vice alterius, ordinem suscipere: Hoc autem non contigerit, nisi ipsae moleculae, mo∣tione transitus, moveantur. Et rursus, ut ex molli fiat quid Durum, & ex duro molle; oportet eas, quae illud constituunt, particulas secundum locum moveri: quippe earum extensione mollitur, coitione verò & con∣densatione durescit, &c. All which is most adaequately exemplified in a rotten Apple.

And this, we conceive, may suffice in the General for our Enqui∣ry into the possible Origine of sensible Qualities.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Art. 1. An introdu∣ctory Adver∣tisement; of the obscurity of many things to Reason, which are ma∣nifest to sense: and of the Possibility, not necessity of the Elementa∣tion of Concre∣t••••ns, and their sensible Q••ali∣ties, fr••m the Principles prae••ua••ed.
• * 1.2

  Art. 2. The Authors Definition of a Quality, in ge∣neral: and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 exposi∣tion of Dem••∣critu•• mysteri∣ous Text, con∣c••r••ing the Creation of Qualities.
• * 1.3

  Art. 3. The necessary deduction of Qualities from Naked or Vn∣qualified Prin∣ciples.
• * 1.4

  Art. 4. The two pri∣mary Events of Atoms, viz. Order and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, associated to their three essential Pro∣prieties, viz. Magnitude, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉; sufficient to the Origi∣nation of all ••••alities.
• * 1.5

  Art. 5. The necessity of assuming the Magnitude and Motion of Atoms, toge∣ther with their Order and Si∣tuation, as to their produ∣ction of Qua∣lities, evicted by a double instance.
• * 1.6

  Art. 6. The Figure, Order and 〈…〉〈…〉 Concretions, alone suffici∣ent to the Caussation of an indefini••e variety of Qua∣lities from the 〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.7

  Art. 7. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Ex∣emplified in t••e 〈…〉〈…〉, on the Waves ••f the Sea
• * 1.8

  Art. 8. 〈…〉〈…〉 Example.
• * 1.9

  Art. 9. The Accensi∣on of Heat, from Concre∣tions actually C••••d, upon a m••er transpo∣sition of their 〈◊〉〈◊〉: Particles, ex∣e••plifies in ••••ndry Chy∣••••cal Experi∣ments.
• * 1.10

  Art. 10. The Generati∣on of all kinds of sensible Qualities in one and the same Concre∣tion, from the variegated po∣sitions of its particles: evi∣denced in the Example of a putrid Apple.
• * 1.11

  Art. 11. The assenting suffrage of Epicurus.