The royal pharmacopœea, galenical and chymical according to the practice of the most eminent and learned physitians of France : and publish'd with their several approbations / by Moses Charras, th Kings chief operator in his royal garden of plants ; faithfully Englished ; illustrated with several copper plates.

THE Royal Pharmacopoea, CONTAINING GALENICAL PREPARATIONS AND COMPOSITIONS. THE SECOND PART. (Book 2)

The Order and Method of the Second Part. (Book 2)

EVERY Apothecary, who well understands the Generalities con∣tain'd in the First Part of this Pharmacopoea, may easily of himself undertake several Preparations, especially if he have attain'd the true knowledge of his Profession.

Nevertheless, I will not omit from time to time to give young be∣ginners, those necessary directions that concern as well the particu∣lar knowledge of the principal Medicaments, that are put into Compositions, as their Preparation and just Mixture. But before I go any farther, I must advertise the Reader, once more, that there is not in this Pharmacopoea, any Receipt, nor description of any. Composition, either Internal or External, which has not been prescrib'd by Monsieur Aquin, chief Physician to His Majesty, or which he has not taken the pains to examine very carefully, and very often corrected and re∣duc'd into a better regulation, then that wherein the Ancients had left it. He must al∣so take notice, that instead of a great Number of certain Compositions which are now quite out of use, with which the most part of Dispensatories are pester'd, and which are more costly then profitable, he shall find in this Book, amongst the best of Compositions, and most in use, several descriptions of Remedies, as certain as full of curiosity, and which well deserve to be set down, and to be prepar'd and us'd. This Galenic Pharma∣copoea shall be divided into two books; of which the first shall treat of Preparations, and Compositions Internal; and the second only of those which are accounted External. I will begin the first with the most simple Preparations or Compositions, especially those that cannot be kept any long time, and which may be suddenly prepar'd, and al∣most every foot; and from thence I shall proceed to those that are of greater conse∣quence, and require more exactness, and whereof the Shops are wont to be still pro∣vided. I shall not make any stay upon certain things that require no great considerati∣on, but apply my self to things of consequence, not omitting any thing that may serve for the instruction and advantage of the Apothecary, for whose sake I have principally undertaken this work. I shall not contradict the judgement of the Ancient or Mo∣derns;

where I shall find their practice fit to be imitated: But I shall endeavour to find out something better, and more maintainable, where experience and reason will not o∣therwise be satisfy'd. Nevertheless, i•• shall not be said, that I take delight to blame any Person in particular, it not being my humour to seek the raising of my Reputation by defaming others; being fully perswaded, that every Authour hath cordially written what he knew, and what he believ'd to be truth.

I might insert simple distill'd Waters▪ among the Galenical Compositions; but be∣cause they must be attended by several compound Waters, that require more skill▪ and that both the one and the other stand in great need of Chymical Pharmacy, I thought fit to reserve them for the Third part of this Work.

THE FIRST BOOK, OF INTERNAL PREPARATIONS, AND COMPOSITIONS.

CHAP. I. Of Juices.

I Shall not here stay upon Juices or Liquors which may be drawn out of Animals, as Blood, Flegm, Urine, Serosities, Sweat, &c. Nor upon those which may be drawn from their parts by assation, pressing, or otherwise, as the Gravies, and Liquors of Meats, &c. Nor upon such as are to be drawn from the stock of Mi∣nerals, as Oyl of Petroleum, or Naphta, and several bituminous matters, but only upon the Juices of Plants.

The Juice is the same in Plants, as the blood in Animals: and it may be defin'd to be a liquid substance, which making a part of the composition of Plants, communi∣cates to the rest of the parts, that which is necessary for their support, as also for their growth. This Juice issues out sometimes of it self, sometimes it is drawn forth by in∣cision, or some other way more artful. This Juice is more or less liquid, according to the several concoctions which it has received from Nature, either in the Plant, or above or without the Plant. It is sometimes Watry, sometimes Winy, sometimes Oyly, Gummy, Rosiny, Bituminous. It is also sometimes sweet, sometimes bitter, eager, sharp, insipid. And as sometimes it has no scent, sometimes it is odoriferous, some∣times it stinks, sometimes it is black, sometimes white, green, blew, yellow, red, &c. It is also more or less abounding, according to the Nature and condition of the Plant. Sometimes it is so inwardly united, and so profoundly conceal'd among the other sub∣stances, as not to be perceiv'd by the ordinary senses, nor be distinguish'd but by sepa∣rating it by the means of fire. Such are the Juices or Liquors which issue from the dryer sort of Woods in Distillation, as also the Juices drawn from the Horns and bones of Animals, though seemingly very dry. The Juice is also sometimes mix'd with

substances so viscous, and tenacious, though soft, that it cannot be separated but by the means of fire. Nevertheless, these juices are not to be taken barely and purely, for that part which I have called Flegm, and which I have acknowledg'd for one of the five principles, of which every mixt body ought to be compos'd; for sometimes they them∣selves are compos'd of some or other of the other principles, which is easie to prove by the separation which the Artist may make thereof.

In which respect, I am not of the opinion of those that make the Juices, which issue out of Plants of themselves, to be Excrements. For then the most essential part of the Plant would be taken for an Excrement; and if it were an Excrement, it ought to be rejected. And yet we gather very carefully, purchase very dear, and use to good advan∣tage these pretended Excrements, as Myrrh, Bdellium, Tacamahacca, Storax, Benjamin, Natural-balsom, and several others which the Plants throw out of their barks, and which cannot but be accounted the best part of their composition. But now of those Juices that are to be prepar'd, and depend upon the skill of the Apothecary.

These Juices are drawn almost from all parts of the Plants; some by cutting the bark, to be afterwards dry'd in the Sun, as are the Juices of Scammony, Aloes and Pop∣py: Others by bruising and pressing. Thus as well Oyls as Aqueous Juices, are drawn from several Herbs and several Flowers; several Fruits and several Seeds. Such are the Juices of Carduus, Endive, Succorie, Burrage, Bugloss, &c. for Herbs. The Juices of Roses, Violets, Peach-flowers, red Poppies, &c. for Flowers. The Juices of Mul∣berries, Apples, Cherries, red Goose-berries, Barberries, &c. for Wine-Fruits. The Juices of Olives, Walnuts, Small-nuts, Almonds, Pine-apples, Pistaches, &c. for Oily Fruits. The Juices of the four greater cold Seeds, as also from the Seeds of Poppies, Danewort, Henbane, Marjoram, &c. for Oily Seeds. The other Juices are drawn by the addition of some Liquor; which cannot be avoided when the parts of the Plant are dry by accident, or that they have not moisture enough in themselves. Such are the Juices of Senna, Rhubarb, Angelica, Liquorice, Hellebore, &c. which are drawn forth by the addition of Liquor, and which being filter'd, are evaporated over a small fire; to the consistency of an Extract, of which they bear the name, and of which I shall speak in the Third Part of this Pharmacopoea.

Generally we bruise in a Marble-Mortar, or made of some hard-stone, with a Pestle of Wood, the Herbs, the Flowers, the Fruits, the Seeds, out of which we intend to draw the Juices, and then put them into a strong Cloth, or Bag, and squeeze out the Juice, either with your hands, or in a Press between two flat-pieces of Tin, Iron, or Wood. Then we let the Juice stand for some days, or else we expose it some days to the Sun; and then we pour out the clearest softly by inclination; and keep it so, or else strain it through Hippocrates breeches; or through some cloth-strainer, if the Juice be not clear enough, or if it be aqueous. The Juices of Herbs which are to be first made use of, or which ought to be clarify'd and boil'd with Sugar, or honey, or to be mingl'd and boil'd with Oyntments, and Emplaisters, have no need of all this care. But the Wine-Juices of Fruits must be well-clarify'd. For they must first be expos'd to the Sun, then strain'd, to the end that by that heat and digestion, and by that straining the gros∣ser parts of the Juice may be separated from the pure. These Juices are to be run through a bag, or rather through brown-paper, and they may be boil'd up with Sugar or honey, or be kept in bottles fill'd up within a small matter of the top; which vacancy must be fill'd with Oyl of sweet Almonds, to hinder the air from getting in and putrifying the Juice. However, after that, be careful to stop the bottles well, and to keep them in a place moderately cool, to make use of as occasion serves: At which time pour away the Oyl, and make use of the pure Juice, throwing away the feces. The Juices of Roses, and Peach-flowers, require the same care as the Wine-Juices.

Take notice that in drawing forth Acid red Juices, particularly that of Granates, you must do it in Glass-Vessels, or Gally-pots, or of glaz'd Earth, have your hands ve∣ry clean, and take an especial care that no Iron come near it, for fear of spoiling the colour. The Juice and also the Syrup of Kermes require the same care, for they lose their colour in Vessels of Iron or Copper.

To draw forth the Juice of certain viscous Plants, such as are Purslain, Burrage, Bugloss, and the like, the best way which I have found, is to put them whole into a Copper-Bason, tinn'd within, over a moderate Charcoal-fire, and there to keep them, stirring them from time to time, till some part of the Juice be got together at the bot∣tom of the Bason. Then separate this Juice by inclination; and set the Bason again up∣on the fire, and continue to keep it there and to stir the herbs, and to separate the Juice

by inclination, till you have Juice enough. By this means you will have less trouble, have sooner done, and the Juice shall be much more pure, then by bruising the Herbs. I refer the Oylie-juices of Fruits and Seeds till I come to speak of Squeez'd-oyls.

CHAP. II. Of Infusions, and Decoctions.

I Thought it best to discourse of Infusions and Decoctions immediatly after Juices, by means whereof the more succulent and essential parts of Medicaments are im∣parted to the Liquors. Besides, Decoctions and Infusions are made use of in so many Galenical Compositions, that I deem'd it convenient to give some general Rules, be∣fore I go any farther. They are sometimes made use of to soft'n and boyl Medica∣ments, and sometimes to take away or correct some bad quality: but their chiefest use is to communicate their Vertue to some Liquor, and to unite and assemble in one Li∣quor the Vertue of several Medicaments joyn'd together.

Infusions differ from Decoctions in degree of heat, and time in boyling. For Infu∣sions are oft-times made without fire: and when there is any need of it, it must be very moderate, and require a long time; sometimes for several hours, sometimes for several days. Whereas Decoctions are at an end in a quarter, half, or a whole hour, and that the longest seldom exceed five or six hours. I have joyn'd these two Prepa∣rations together, by reason of the great affinity which they have one with another; and for that many times Infusions precede Decoctions.

Decoctions differ according to the Substance of the Mixt-body which you are to boyl. For such Mixt-bodies as are of a compact substance and hard to penetrate, re∣quire a longer boyling, then they that are of a middling substance; and these again require more boyling then those that are of a tender substance. The same diversity of Substances requires also less or more Liquor. For there must be more for Medica∣ments that require long boyling, then for those that require less: For a long Deco∣ction requires much moisture. The ordinary proportion is six times the weight of Liquor to the Substance boyl'd. But if the matters be of a compacted substance, you may make use of eight, nine or ten times the weight in Liquor. And if the Substances are very solid indeed, you may advance to twelve or sixteen times the weight of Liquor. You must also take notice that Medicaments of a compact Substance will endure a more violent fire and longer boyling then those of a middling or a tender Substance: and some there are which are not put into the Decoction, till you are ready to take it off the fire. Others there are which have only need of a bare Infusion to communicate their Vertue to the Liquor. So that it is absolutely necessary for an Apothecary to know the various Substances of Medicaments, to judge by that how he ought to regulate their In∣fusion or Decoction; because that Prescriptions never mention the regulation of the Decoction, nor the degrees of fire, nor the length of time requisite for the Decoction, which is all left to the prudence of the Apothecary.

And now to proceed in order; When you are to make a Decoction of several Me∣dicaments, you must begin with the most solid, such as are Woods, then put in Roots and Barks, after that Fruits; next to them Herbs, Berries and Seeds; Flowers must be reserv'd to the last. You must rasp, or bruise or cut very small the Woods, Roots and Barks, slit the Fruits, chop the Herbs, and bruise the Berries and Seeds, and put in the Flowers as they are.

This Rule however is not so general but that it may have its exception. For a wood of a thin and spungie Substance requires less boyling then a wood more close and solid. Barley whole endures as much boyling as wood. On the other side Aromatic-roots and woods will not endure long boyling; but the better parts will dissipate. Barks, Fruits and Aromatic-seeds, require only a bare Infusion. Liquorice-root is put in after the Herbs. The Maidenhairs, or Capillaries, at the same time with the Liquorice or immediately after. The Cold-seeds at the same time as the Flowers. The Flowers of the Water-Lilly endure as much boyling as the Herbs.

You must observe the same order in the Decoctions of Animals; for the Horns and Bones require longer boyling then the Flesh. Beef requires more boyling then Mutton, Mutton then Veal or Capon, and both more then young Pullet.

These general Rules will be much more demonstrable in the progress of these Dis∣courses. And though the various examples of Decoction which you will meet with, might suffice, I will not omit to give you here certain Examples, which will serve for certain Decoctions, which have been prescrib'd without putting down the Medica∣ments of which they ought to be compos'd.

A Cordial Decoction.

℞. Hordei integri,		℞. Whole Barley,
Radicum Scorzonerae,		Roots of Vipers-grass,
Borraginis,		Borrage,
Bugloss. ana.	℥ j.	Bugloss, ana.	℥ j.
Foliorum earundem Plantarum		Of the Leaves of the same Plants,
Endivia,		Endive,
Cichorei,		Succorie,
Oxytriphylli, an.	M. j.	Wood-Sorrel, an.	M. j.
Capilli Veneris Monspeliensis,	M. ss.	Maidenhair of Montpelier,	M. ss.
Liquoritiae rasae,	ʒ ij.	Liquorice slic'd,	ʒ ij.
Quatuor Seminum Frigid. maj. mundat. ana.	ʒ ss.	The four greater Cold Seeds cleans'd, ana.	ʒ ss.
Trium Florum cordialium, ana.	Pug. ss.	The three Cordial Flowers, ana.	Pug. ss.
Fiat ex Arte decoctum in lb sex aquae fon∣tanae ad tertiae partis consumptionem.		Make a Decoction according to Art in six pints of Fountain-water, till the third part be consum'd

Wash the Barley and boyl it a good quarter of an hour in the water, then put in the Roots; which must be well-wash'd, the pith tak'n out, and the out-side par'd off, and then slic'd. Boyl them with the Barley a good quarter of an hour, then put in the leaves of the Viper-grass, Burrage, Bugloss, Endive and Succorie, well-wash'd and cut. After you have boyl'd them a small quarter of an hour, with all the rest, add the Liquorice scrap'd and slic'd, the Wood-Sorrel, and the Venus-hair slightly cut; let them boyl a little, then put in the cold Seeds well-bruis'd and the cordial Flowers, and having plung'd them into the Decoction, take the Posset from off the fire, and strain the Liquor through Hippocrates's Breeches or a Wooll'n-cloth, when it is half-cold.

A Pectoral Decoction.

℞. Hordei mundati,	℥ ss.	℞. Cleans'd Barley,	℥ ss.
Jujubarum,		Jujubs,
Sebesten. an.	No. xij.	Sebestens, an.	No. xij.
Passularum ab acinis purgatarum,	ʒ vj.	Raisins of the Sun ston'd,	ʒ vj.
Ficus pingues,		Fat Figs,
Dactylos enucleatos, an.	No. vj.	Ston'd Dates, an.	No. vj.
Foliorum Scabiosae,		Of the Leaves of Scabious,
Pulmonariae, an.	M. j.	Lung-wort, an.	M. 1.
Hyssopi,		Hysop,
Polytrichii,		Gold'n-Maidenhair,
Florum Tussilaginis, an.	P. j.	Flowers of Coltsfoot, an.	P. j.
Glycyrrhizae,	ʒ ij.	Liquorice,	ʒ ij.

Make a Decoction in four pints of Fountain-water to the consumption of the third part. Boyl the Barley a good quarter of an hour in the Water, then put in the Dates, the Raisins of the Sun, the Figs, the Jujubs and the Sebestens slic'd. Boyl all these Fruits with the Barley for another quarter of an hour; then put in the Scabious; Lung∣wort and Hyssop cut: boyl them another quarter of an hour; after which, put in the Liquorice scrap'd and slic'd, the Golden-Maidenhair, and the Flowers of Coltsfoot; give them a little boyling, and then take them off from the fire, and strain the Deco∣ction, when it is half cold.

An Opening Hepatic Decoction.

℞. Radicum quinque aperientium,		℞. Of the five Opening Roots,
Fragariae,		Strawberrie-roots,
Bugloss. an.	ʒ vj.	Bugloss-roots, an.	ʒ vj.
Foliorum Endiviae,		Leaves of Endive,
Cichorei,		Succorie,
Lupuli,		Hopps,
Agrimoniae,		Agrimonie,
Pimpinellae,		Pimpernel,
Cerefolii,		Chervil,
Taraxaci, an.	M. j.	Dandelyon, an.	M. j.
Capilli Veneris Monspel.		Venus Maidenhair of Montpelier,
Polytrici, an.	M. ss.	Golden-Maidenhair, an.	M. ss.
Seminis Apis,		Seeds of Parsley,
Milii Solis, an.	ʒ ij.	Gromel, an.	ʒ ij.
Semin. quatuor frig. Maj. mund. an.	ʒ j.	The 4 bigger cold Seeds cleans'd, an.	ʒ j.
Glycyrrhizae,	ʒ ij.	Liquorice,	ʒ ij.
Florum Buglossi,		Flowers of Bugloss,
Borraginis,		Borrage,
Genistae, an.	Pug. j.	Broom, an.	Pug. j.

Make a Decoction according to Art in lb viij. of Fountain-water, to the consumpti∣on of the third part.

Wash the Roots well, take out the pith and scrape their outsides, and having bruis'd and slic'd them, let them boyl half an hour in the Water. Then take the Hopps, the Endive, Succorie, Agrimonie, Dandelyon, Pimpernel and Chervil shred, and let them boyl about a quarter of an hour with the Roots. Then add the Seeds of Parsley and Gromel stamp'd, and having let them boyl never so little, put in the Liquorice slic'd and bruis'd, and presently after the cold Seeds bruis'd and the Flowers; put them down into the Decoction, and at the same time take it off, and strain it when it is half cold.

A Cephalic Decoction.

℞. Radicum Valerianae majoris,		℞. Roots of the bigger Valerian,
Icreos Florentinae,		Florence Orrice,
Paeoniae maris,		Male-Peonie,
Acori veri,		The true Aromatical Reed,
Visci Quercini, an	℥ ss.	Misleto of the Oak, an.	℥ ss.
Foliorum Betonicae,		Flowers of Betony,
Salviae,		Sage,
Majoranae,		Marjoram,
Calaminthae Montanae,		Mountain-Calamint,
Chamadryos, an.	M. j.	Germander, an.	M. j.
Seminum Rutae,		Seeds of Rue,
Paeoniae maris,		Male-Peonie,
Baccarum Juniperi, an.	ʒ ij.	Juniper-Berries, an.	ʒ ij.
Florum Rorismarini,		Flowers of Rosemary,
Stoechados,		Cassidonie,
Lavendulae,		Lavender,
Calendulae,		Marigolds,
Lillii Convallium, an.	P. j.	Lillies of the Vallies, an.	P. j.
Tartari crudi,	℥ j.	Raw-Tartar,	℥ j.

Make a Decoction according to Art in lb vj. of Fountain-water to the consumption of the fourth part.

The Raw-Tartar is prescrib'd in this Decoction, as well to communicate to the Wa∣ter the vertue of the Medicaments therein prescrib'd, as to retain in some sort their volatile parts; and to prevent dissipation during the Decoction. And though I do not contradict the opinion of those that would avoid boyling the parts of Aromatic Plants, especially in uncover'd Vessels; nevertheless I believe we may yet allow something to

the ancient Customs, provided there be requisite care tak'n. The Roots of Peonie, Valerian, Orrice and Acorus are to be well bruis'd, as also the Misletoe of the Oak, and the raw Tartar, and then put into an Earthen glaz'd pot, with the quantity of water prescrib'd: and having cover'd the pot, boyl the Decoction over a gentle fire, during a small quarter of an hour; then put in the cut Herbs, and covering the pot, let them boil a quarter of an hour longer: then put in the berries and seeds, and cover the pot again, and after having given them four or five wambles more, put down the flow∣ers into the Decoction, cover the pot, and take it off from the fire; and when it is half cold, strain it gently from the sediment.

CHAP. III. Of Juleps, and Apozems.

I Shall not go about here to set down the Juleps of Roses, and Violets of the Ancients, nor any other of the same Nature, as being now out of use; their consistency and name being now chang'd into those of Syrups. I shall only say that the name of Ju∣lep has been formerly given to certain liquid compositions, made with distill'd Wa∣ters, or slight Decoctions, which are boil'd with Sugar, to a consistency much thinner then that of Syrups: For they had no design to keep them, but prepar'd them as they had occasion. The name of Julep is still now-a-days giv'n to certain Remedies, which have some agreement with the Juleps of the Ancients; but they are less sweetn'd with Sugar, and less fit to keep: For usually they never put above an ounce of Sugar, or an ounce and a half of some Syrups, to six or eight ounces of some distill'd Waters, of some decoction, or some other Liquor. We never boil these Liquors with the Sugar or Syrups, but only mingle them together when they are to be given to the patient, who may drink them as their ordinary drink, abating some thing of the quantity of Su∣gar and Syrups mix'd therewith. All these Juleps may be made tart with Spirits or A∣cid Juices. But they will not keep above twenty-four hours in the Summer in a cool place, and not above two or three days in the Winter.

Apozems are Medicines very near the Nature of Juleps: But they admit of a great∣er Number of Medicaments, which render them less pleasing. They are seldom com∣pos'd of any thing but the Decoctions of the various parts of plants. And hence it is, that they have deriv'd their Name. For the Greek word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, signifies to boil, from whence 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Decoctum, or, a thing boil'd. I could insert here several Examples, but I refer the Reader to the Decoctions of the preceding Chapter, which may be call'd Apozems. We may add purgative Medicines to these Decoctions, and dissolve therein several Syrups, as they are intended for this or t'other Disease.

CHAP. IV. Of Emulsions and Almond-Milks.

EMulsions are liquid Medicines very pleasing to the taste, whose colour and consisten∣cy is very like to that of Milk. They are usually compos'd of Seeds, or Oily Fruits, beat'n in a Marble-Mortar, with a Woodd'n-pestle, and then dissolv'd in di∣still'd Waters, or in slight Decoctions, which you must strain and press out, and sweeten with Sugar or Syrups.

Emulsions are prepar'd for several purposes, especially to temper the excessive heat of the Lungs, and of all the Brest; to take off the sharpness and acrimony of the humours, and to asswage the boiling of the Blood, the heat of the Urine, and the Reins. For which reason they are us'd not only in stoppages of the Urine, and in Gonorrhea's, but also in Inflammations of the Natural parts of those that are troubl'd with Venereal Distempers. They are also successfully us'd to temper the excessive heat of the Entrails, and to pro∣voke sleep and rest. Emulsions are also very proper to sweet'n the Acrimony of the Humours in Dysenteries, to asswage pains, and heal Excoriations. Of all which

things it will be convenient to give some examples; and first, for the Distempers of the Lungs, and Brest.

℞ Amygdal. dulcium mund.	℥ j.	℞ Sweet Almonds cleans'd,	℥ j.
Seminum 4. frig. maj. Mundat. Bombacis, an.	ʒ ij.	The four greater cold Seeds cleans'd▪ Bombax, an.	ʒ ij.
Contundantur in Mortareo Marmoreo Pestillo Ligneo, sensim affundendo, aqua Tussi∣laginis, Scabiosae, Papaveris, Rhoeados, vel decocti hordei, Passularum Mundat. & Liquoritiae, lb j ss. Colentur & Exprimantur. Expressioni adde Syr. Violar. et Capill. Vene∣ris, an. ℥ j ss. fiat emulsio pro tribus dosibus, longe a pastu sumend.		Bruise these in a Marble-Mortar, with a Woodd'n Pestle, pouring by little and lit∣tle upon them, Colts-foot, Scabious, wild Poppy-water, or decoction of Barley, Ston'd-Raisins, and Liquorice, lb j. ss, strain and press them out. To the liquor prest forth, add Syrup of Violets and Ve∣nus-hair, an. ℥ j. ss. Make an emulsion for three doses to be taken a good distance be∣fore or after Meals.

If Acrimony of humours, boiling of the blood, want of rest and sleep, accompany Diseases of the Lungs and brest, you may add to the Emulsions two drams of white Poppy-seed, and as much Lettice-seed, and change the Syrup of Violets, and Venus-hair into those of White-poppy and Water-Lillies.

And if you would prepare Emulsions against the heat and difficulties of Urine, whe∣ther caus'd by strange substances contain'd in the Reins, or in the Ureters, or in the blad∣der, or through any ill temper of the parts, or through any Venereal Malignity: then observe what follows.

℞. Seminum 4. frig. maj. mundat,		℞. Of the four greater cold seeds cleans'd,
Milii solis		Gromel and
Papav. Alb. an.	ʒ iij	White-Poppy-seed, an.	ʒ iij.
Contundantur in Marmoreo Mortareo, sen∣sim affundendo, Decocti Radicum Althea et Nymphaeae, lb j. ss. Colentur & Exprimantur: Expressioni adde Syrupi de Althea & Nym∣phaea, an. ℥ j. ss. Salis Prunel. ʒ iij. fiant tres doses longe a pastu exhibend.		Bruise them in a Marble-Mortar with a woodd'n-pestle, pouring by little and little upon them, a pint and a half of the deco∣ction of the Roots of Marsh-mallows and Water-Lillies: strain and press them, add to the straining Syrup of Mallows, and Water-Lillies, an. ℥ j. ss. Sal-prunella, ʒ iij. Make three doses, to be given a good while before or after Meals.

Emulsions against the Dysenterie may be thus prepar'd.

℞. Amygdal. dulc. excorticatarum,	℥ j.	℞. Sweet Almonds blanch'd,	℥ j.
Seminum Sumach,		Seeds of Sumach,
Lactucae,		Lettice,
Papaveris Alb.		White-Poppy,
Cydoniorum, an	ʒ ij.	Quinces, an.	ʒ ij.
Contundantur in Mortareo Marmoreo, sen∣sun affundendo, decoct. hordei mundat. Portulacae & Veronicae, vel ••q••. Plantaginis, Rosarum, & Veronicae, lb j. ss Colentur & Expriman∣tur: Expressioni adde Syrup. Cydoniorum & Papaveris Albi, an. ℥ j. ss fiant tres doses ho∣ris commodis ogg••rend••.		Bruise all these in a Marble-Mortar, pouring upon them by degrees one pint ss of the Decoction of cleans'd Barley, Pur∣slain, and Speed-well, or of the waters of Plantain, Roses, and Speed-well. Strain and press them: To the straining add Syrup of Quinces and white-Poppy, ℥ j. ss make three doses to be tak'n at convenient hours.

The Following Emulsions are proper to kill Worms.

℞. Nucleorum Persicorum Excorticatorum,	℥ ss	℞. Of the Kernels of Peaches, the Husks tak'n off,	℥ ss
Seminum Citri,		Seeds of Citron,
Portulacae,		Purslain,
Contra vermes, an.	ʒ ij.	Wormseed, an.	ʒ ij.
Contundantur in Mortareo Marmoreo, sen∣sim affundendo aquarum stillatitiarum Naphae & Portulacae, an. ℥ vj. vel decocti Radicis Graminis, & Rasurae Cornu-cervi, lb j. Co∣lentur & Exprimantur, Expressioni adde Sy∣rupi de Limonibus, ℥ ij. fiant duae vel tres, vel quatuor Emulsionis doses, longe a pastu sumend. Melius succedent, si Lunae decursu exhibe∣antur.		Bruise them in a Marble-Mortar, pour∣ing upon them by degrees, of the distill'd waters of Orange-flowers, and Purslain, an. ℥ vj. or of the Decoction of the Roots of Grass, and shavings of Harts horn, lb j. strain and press them out. To the strain∣ing add Syrup of Lemons, ℥ ij. make two or three, or four Doses of Emulsion, to be tak'n at a good distance from Meals. They will do better being taken in the Wane of the Moon.

Almond-Milks, Butters are easie to make; known to, and made use of by several Ladies, that regard their health, and to keep themselves plump.

The usual way is to prepare them of two ounces of blanch'd-Almonds, which must be stamp'd exactly in a Marble-Mortar with a Woodd'n-Pestle, afterwards dissolv'd in eight or ten ounces of the decoction of barley cleans'd, or in the Water where Veal or Pullets have been boyl'd. Then strain and press the whole, and add to the straining an ounce of fine Sugar, and never so little Rose-water, or if you please, Orange-flower∣water. You may add an ounce of Syrup of Violets, Water-Lillies, or White-poppy instead of Sugar if there be occasion.

CHAP. V. Of Potions, Mixtures, and Bolus's.

POtions are so call'd, because they are to be drank. The Materials of them are very various, by reason of the different Indications, Judgements, and insight of them that prescribe them; for that may be call'd a Potion which is as ill prepar'd, as that which is well prescrib'd, and as well prepar'd. Besides Purgative-Potions are as well to be accompted potions, as those which are accompted Astringent or Cordial, Sudo∣rific, or Diuretic, &c. As Potions are not made without liquors; those which are made use of are sometimes simple, as fair Water, Wine, Milk, Whey, &c. and sometimes waters distill'd, Infusions, Tinctures, Decoctions, Juices, &c. Sometimes several liquors are mingled, one among another. Sometimes also to these liquors are added Powders, Salts, Opiates, Confections, Magisteries, Elyxirs, Oyls, Essences, &c. Juleps, Apozems, Emulsions, Almond-Milks, and Diets, may be call'd Potions as well as Medicines. We also prepare Potions Emetick, Diaphoretic, Pectoral, Cephalic, Somniferous, Anodynes, Aperitives, Diuretics, Cordials, Stomachical, Hepatical, Splenetic, Hysteric, Vulnerary, Arthritick, Carminative, Dysenteric, and for several o∣ther purposes: So that Potions may be made after a thousand fashions for every Di∣sease, since we may make use of various Remedies and different Doses according to the intention of the Physician.

That which many modern Physicians call Mixture, may be reckon'd in the same rank with Potions. But Mixtures differ in this from Potions, that their use is more frequent and longer, and because there is not so much drank of them at a time; for being com∣pos'd of powerful Medicines, they operate in less quantity, and work those effects by repetition, which could hardly be done at once taking. These Mixtures are usually a mixture of distill'd Waters, more or less, compounded of Elixirs, distill'd-Oyls, vola∣tile, fix'd, or Essential Salts, Spirits, Tinctures, Essences, Extracts, pretious Stones,

Syrups, and many other Remedies, well-chosen, and well-proportion'd in their Doses, which are to be taken from time to time in a little Spoon, in the Intervals between the Patients meals.

The difference of Mixtures may be very great, according to the diversity and com∣plication of Diseases, and the Judgement of the Physicians, that prescribe them. Mixtures are also sometimes made of a more thick consistency, not much unlike that of ordinary Opiates, which is for the accommodation of such Patients, as cannot take Remedies in Drink. These Medicines may be compos'd of the same Medicaments made use of in the preceding mixtures, excepting the Liquors, instead whereof we put Conserves or Confections: They are given upon the point of a Knife, or wrapt up in Wafers, or otherwise.

Bolus's are internal Remedies, usually a little more solid then Opiates; invented meerly for the benefit of such Patients as cannot indure to swallow liquid drinks, or cannot away with their scent or taste. They are also profitable to make the best advan∣tage for the swallowing of certain Medicines, whose weight would keep them always at the bottom of the Glass, were they mingl'd in liquor, as in several preparations of Mercury and Antimony: There may be as much diversity in Bolus's, as in Potions. They make them of Electuaries, Confections, Conserves, Pulps, Powders, Salts, Oyls, Essences, Extracts, Syrups, and an infinite sort of Medicines, of which there must be some that are solid and dry enough to thicken those that are too liquid, or too soft. Bolus's are taken usually a good while before meals, sometimes upon the point of a Knife, but generally wrapt up in Wafers, powder'd Sugar, or powder of Liquorice, Fruits roasted or raw, or some confection, or other substance that prevents the Bolus from being either smelt or tasted.

CHAP. VI. Of Gargarismes, Masticatories, and Errbines, or Tents to put up into the Nostrils.

GArgarisms, are liquid Medicines, design'd for Diseases of the Throat, Mouth, Pa∣late, and Gums, as also to free the Head from excessive moisture. They are u∣sually compos'd of distill'd waters or decoctions, wherein they mix sometimes Salts, sometimes Spirits, Syrups, Honeys, Vinegar, and sometimes several Juices. Gargarisms are never swallow'd, but only gargl'd and held for some time in the mouth, then spit out again, continuing the use thereof as long and as often as necessity requires. These Gargarisms are as well known, and as usual as any other sort of Medicine, and there are enough to be found in several Authours, to spare the swelling of these Sheets.

Masticatories, are also call'd Apophlegmatismes, because their chief work is to bring down flegm from the Brain. For which purpose we make use of several simple Drugs, and particularly of divers parts of Plants, as roots of Orrice, Pellitory of Spain, Cyperus, or English Galenga, true Acorus, or Aromatic-reed, Grains of Staves-acre, Cubebs, Cardamom, all the Peppers, Mustard, Rocket, Sage, Rosemary, Mastick, Time, Savory, Tobacco, &c. which Medicines being chaw'd, by their heat and acrimony have a peculiar qualitie to draw down flegm from the Brain, and to void it by the mouth. Tro∣chisques may be also made thereof by pulverizing them, and incorporating them with Oxymel, or Syrup of Cassidony, to hold in the mouth, and to masticate when they are dry: or else to make thereof a kind of paste, to tye up in a Linnen-Cloth like a knot and so to champ them between the teeth.

Errhines are so call'd, as being Medicines design'd to be put up into the Nostrils. They were invented for the same use as Apophlegmatismes. But they operate with more force, because they carry their vertue directly to the Brain, through the Conduits of the Nostrils, and powerfully stir up and move the Expulsive faculty. Errhines are sometimes liquid, and proper to be snufft up through the Nostrils; sometimes in Pow∣der, to be either snufft up, or blown into the Nostrils; sometimes like a thin Oynt∣ment, and sometimes like a Tent small at one end. Liquid Errhines are usually made of the Juices of Marjoram, Betony, Sage, Roots of Beets, Sow-bread, Orrice, &c. Or of

the Decoctions of the same Plants, or of Lettice, or Lillies of the Valleys. The Pow∣ders are made of Marjoram, Betony, Orrice, Nicotian, Oleander, Colts-foot, white-Ellebore, and Euphorbium, upon some extraordinary accompts: Those that are made up in Liniments will admit the same things into their compositions; and must be incor∣porated with Oyl of Roses or Orrice, and a little wax, or with Oyl of Laurel. The more solid Errhines are chiefly to stop bleeding at the Nose: They are usually compos'd of Balausts, or the Flowers of the wild-Pomgranate-tree, of Bole of the East, Ter∣ra sigillata, Mastick, and Man's-blood or Swines-blood dry'd; or of some such kind of astringent Medicaments pulveriz'd, and incorporated with the white of an Egg or Down of a Hare, to make Tents thereof to be put up and held in the Nose. Some there are that make an addition of white-Vitriol.

CHAP. VII. Of Injections, and Pessaries.

INjections are liquid Medicines sometimes injected into the private parts of Nature, and sometimes into wounds: Clysters may be also call'd Injections. The ingredi∣ents are different, according to the difference of the Distemper. Wine, Distill'd∣waters, Lime-waters, Sea-waters, Spirit of Wine, Milk, Whey, Oyls, Balsoms, and several other Liquors; as also several Juices, and divers Decoctions and Infusions of several parts of Plants, and several Minerals. Usually Syringes are made use of for the application of these Injections, and they must be always warm'd before they be us'd. Sometimes several Ingredients and Preparations are dissolv'd in these Liquors, as Salts, Powders, Extracts, Syrups, Honeys, Trochisques, Gums, Elixirs, and several other things, according as necessity requires. Sometimes also we dip Tents, Feathers and Bolsters into Injections for the cure of Wounds.

Under the name of Pessaries, are comprehended all Medicines not liquid, which are put up into the Secret-parts of Women. But by the word Pessary, strictly tak'n, is to be understood a sort of solid Medicine, about a fingers length, sometimes somewhat bigger, which is put up into the Secret-parts with a Riband fasten'd to one end. These Pessaries are made pyramidical, round, close and smooth, for fear of hurting the parts. These Remedies are prepar'd for several purposes; the chief of which are to pro∣voke the menstruum's, or to stop them: to hinder the falling down of the Matrix, to cure Fluxes against Nature, or to heal Ulcers, or other mischiefs that may happ'n to those parts. The Body of the Pessary is made of some slight polish'd-wood, or some piece of Linnen made up close and hard; cover'd with a kind of Sheath of Velvet, or some other Silk-stuff, the seams whereof cannot hurt. Then fill the Velvet with Cotton or Wool, that it may be as hard as if it were of Wood or Cork; and daub all the outside of the Pessary with some Liniment, or some other mixture proper for your pur∣pose. Pessaries may be also made of Lead, hollow like a little Cane, and cover'd with Velvet, like the former. In all which there must be a difference observ'd between Maids and Women; as well in reference to the hardness, as the bigness of Pessaries, appro∣priating the lesser and softer to the first.

Aromaticks that are sweet and free from acrimonie are very proper to render Pessa∣ries effectual: whether it be to consume the vapours of the Matrix, or to op'n the passa∣ges, and to provoke the menstruums: For we observe that good Smells seem to comfort that part. For which reason such Liniments where Musk, Ambergrise, Civet, and other good Smells are mix'd, are successfully us'd upon those occasions. Though you must be very careful not to let them come near the Noses of some Persons, upon whom those Sweet-smells would work a contrary effect. The Bodies of Pessaries prepar'd to stop the menstruum's, are made up with astringent powders, very finely pulveriz'd, in∣corporated with Wax and Oyl of Mastick melted together, fill'd into some piece of thin Taffaty, and anointed without-side with the same Oyl. These Pessary's are very good to stop extraordinary losses of Blood, and the falling of the Matrix. If the Pessaries are design'd for the cure of any Ulcer, or any other disease in the neck of the Matrix, the Pessary must be anointed with some Linement or convenient Medicine in that part which is most able to reach it.

CHAP. VIII. Of Clysters, and Suppositories.

CLysters, call'd by the Greeks Enemata, are also Injections, and liquid Medicines, injected through the Fundament into the Intestines, for the cure or ease of several Maladies. They are call'd Clysters or Washings, because their use is to wash the Intestines.

Clysters are prepar'd for several purposes, sometimes to cool the Intestines, some∣times to moist'n them; sometimes to soft'n and soak the harden'd excrements, or to stir up the expulsive Faculty, to dispel the wind, to asswage pains, to facilitate the Ex∣pulsion of the Urine, to draw forth or kill the Worms, to ease Women in Labour; to provoke their menstruum's, and to appease Hysteric-passions, to asswage tormenting Gripes, and to make a diversion of Humours or Vapours, which flie to the Head, Sto∣mach, Brest, Reins, or any other parts of the Body.

Clysters are usually compos'd of the Decoctions of Roots, Herbs, Seeds and Flowers, of different vertue, according to the intention of the Physician. The Decoctions are for the most part made in fair Water, but many times in Milk, Whey, Meat∣broths, ordinary Spanish-wine, Urine, Oxycrat, Hydromel, and several other Li∣quors. And besides the ordinary Roots and Flowers, which are boyl'd for Clysters, many times there is an occasion to mixe Laxatives, such as are Senna, Coloquintida, Rhubarb, and many others, and to dissolve therein the Strain'd-decoctions of Opiats, Honeys, Syrups, Sugar, Salts, Yolks of Eggs, Turpentine, Oyls, Extracts, and many other things, which it would be too tedious to repeat. The forms of Clysters are so familiar, that it is to no purpose to insert them.

Suppositories are solid Medicines about the length and bigness of the little Finger, round and pyramidical. They were invented for the convenience of those who have an aversion to Clysters, or of such whose Sickness and constitution will not admit of them. The ordinary ingredient of Suppositories is Common-honey, Bay-salt, Salt-gemme, or Aloes, or Coloquintida in powder, or some Hiera, or Laxative Electuary. Some∣times Suppositories of Sope cut round and small at the end will suffice. Some there are that make use of Muscardins, or bits of Paste made of Gum-Tragacanth, Rose-water and Musk. So that in these things every one is at liberty to make choice of what he likes best.

CHAP. IX. Of Wines.

ALL the World knows that the Grape is the Fruit of the Vine; and that Wine is the Juice of the Grape; but this Juice would not be true Wine, did it not undergo a Fermentation; and if the subtle parts had not by that means been separated from the grosser, and by that means were not become capable of operating as they do: Not that their Fermentation gives to the subtle parts of the Wine their utmost purity. For that requires other means, as you shall hear in the third part of this Work; and there∣fore I shall here at present only describe the preparation of two sorts of Wine most in use, the first of which may serve as an Example how to prepare any other.

Vinum Absinthii.

Wormwood Wine.

℞. Summitat. floridarum siccarum Absin∣thii majoris vel minoris Fasc. j. Incide & im∣mitte in doliolum, quod pintas Parisienses quin∣quaginta aut circiter contineat. Impleatur do∣lium succo Racemorum recenter expresso, & re∣ponatur in Cella vinaria ad fermentationem, qua per acta, quod per fermentationem deperditum est Vino suppleatur, & diligenter dolio obtu∣rato, servetur Vinum.

℞. Of the Flowrie drie-tops of the big∣ger or lesser Wormwood, Fasc. j. Shred them and put them into a little Vessel contain∣ing fifty pints of Paris, or thereabouts. Fill the Vessel with the Juice or Vine-clusters newly press'd forth, and set the Vessel into a Wine-Cellar to ferment. The Fermentati∣on being over, supply the waste of the Fer∣mentation with Wine: then carefully stop∣ping up the Vessel, keep the Wine.

They that can endure the bitterness of Great-Wormwood, may make choice of it for the preservation of this Wine: But the nicer sort choose the little, whose vertues are no less then those of greater. Take the Flowerie-tops, and having weigh'd out the quan∣tity prescrib'd, shred them and put them into a little Bag, which is to be so fasten'd to the bung-hole, as to hang in the midst of the Liquor. Place the Vessel in the Cellar, fill it with the Juice of clusters newly squeez'd, and let it stand for two months, during which time the Wine will ferment and be fully charg'd with the smell, taste and vertues of the Wormwood. When the Ebullition of the Wine is over, fill up with white∣wine, burnt-wine, or Spanish-wine the waste of the Fermentation: Then stop up the Tub, and keep the Wine for your use.

The Juice of the New-gather'd-grapes is to be preferr'd before all sorts of Wine, for the preparation of Wormwood-wine, and of all compound Wines; because that Juice being newly squeez'd forth, by subtilizing and disengaging it self from its terre∣strial parts by Fermentation, penetrates more inwardly the ingredients which are put into it; and operates more effectually then a wine could do already fermented, whose subtle parts are subject to dissipation. For this Juice loses nothing to speak of in its Fermentation with the Wormwood; but the same flegm which the ordinary wine loses in its own. And in the mean time by means of the heat which the Fermentative∣spirits excite in it, it is better able to penetrate the body of the wormwood, and to charge it self with its vertue, then otherwise it would be. By this means also it may be kept a long while, provided the Vessel were full and close stopt.

Wormwood-wine is very much commended against the Diseases of the Stomach and Liver, especially proceeding from a cold cause. It dissipates wind and crudities, it helps and increases the appetite, kills worms, resists putrefaction; helps conco∣ction and distribution of the nourishment, and consumes bad humours. It brings down the vapours that rise from the Matrix▪ and op'ns its obstructions, and is very proper for the Green-sickness, and to provoke the menstruums. Take three or four ounces in a morning fasting, for several days, as you find it requisite.

Vinum Stibiatum, vulgò Emeticum.

Stibiated Wine, vulgarly Emetic; or apt to provoke vomiting.

℞. Vitri aut Reguli Antimonii, vel si lubet, Croci Metallorum, aut Magnesiae Opalina subtilissime pulveratorum, ℥ iij. Vini Hispa∣nici. aut Vini albi generosi pintas duas Parisi∣enses. In Lagena Vitrea simul collocentur, probéque obturato vase in loco temperato per ••ctiduum macerentur, & saepius agitentur, si∣mulque tandem serventur, ut usus tempore Vi∣num Clarum Antimonium supernatans, per in∣clinationem effundi & sumi possit.

℞. Of Glass, Regulus of Antimony, or if you had rather, Crocus Metallorum, or Magnesia Opalina, finely powder'd ℥ iij. Spanish-wine or strong French-white-wine two Paris-pints: Put them together in a Glass-bottle, and the Bottle being carefully stopp'd, let them macerate eight days in a temperate place, and let them be oft'n stirr'd; and at length let them be all kept together, that when it is to be us'd, the clear wine that swims above the Antimony, may be pour'd forth by inclination, and so tak'n.

Having Glass or Regulus of Antimony, or Magnesia Opalina, well prepar'd and finely beat'n upon a mortar, it is an easie thing to prepare Emetic-wine. For it is sufficient to get a good Glass-bottle, and to put the prepar'd Antimony into it, and to pour the prescrib'd quantity of wine into it, then to stop up the Bottle, to set it in a temperate place, to shake it from time to time for seven or eight days together, and to keep the wine and the Antimony together in a Bottle well-stopp'd, to make use of as occasion serves, pouring out by inclination, and taking the clear wine that swims above the Antimony, to such a quantity as is requisite; taking care not to raise the bottom, for fear some part of the Antimony should mixe with the wine. Upon which this observation is to be made, That the prescrib'd dose of wine and Antimony need not be too religiously observ'd. For though there should be a little more or a little less of the one or of the other, it would not signifie much, since oft'n Experience teaches us that the wine takes to it self no more of the vertue of the Antimony, then it is able to receive; and that the lying with the Antimony one, two or more months, as the wine might do, renders it nothing more strong then that which has lain but eight days, if it be oft'n shak'n.

You shall observe also that the same powder of Antimony, upon which the wine has staid a long time, and which has imparted its Emetic and Purgative Quality to it, is still able to impart as much vertue to more new wine, if macerated with it, and that after that wine is sufficiently strong of the Antimony, and spent, the same Powder will serve again several times for the same use. And that if you be but careful always to pour out the wine gently, and to take always only the clear, you shall find very near the same weight of the powder as at the first maceration; which is more confirm'd by the trial which we make of Cups of Regulus of Antimony, which will give a Purgative and Emetic Quality to the wine, which shall be fill'd and kept in them but for some few hours: and then again bequeath the same vertues to new wine in the same space of time, and will still afford the same qualities to other wine, as long as the life of one, or several men continues to make tryal of it, without perceiving in the Cup any diminution of its weight or vertue.

Emetic Wine purges upwards and downwards ill humours, especially those that are bred in the Stomach. It operates with more or less violence according to the consti∣tution of those that take it, or according to the superfluity or small quantity of matter which it meets with. And therefore it is much more proper for persons that are full of humours, then for those that are not so much troubled with them, and it is better at the beginning then at the end of a sickness, when the Patient is weak. It may be given alone from one, to two, three, or four ounces, a good distance before Meals, ac∣cording to the Age, Strength, and Nature of the Disease. It may be mingled also a∣mong Purgatives. Where note, that if the Purgatives are too strong and exceed in quantity the Emetick-wine, then it acts as they act, and works only downwards. But if it surmount the Purgatives in quantity and strength, it constrains them to work as that does, upwards and downwards.

Emetic-wine is never giv'n to those that are narrow-Chested, nor to those that are hard to vomit, or if there be any fear of any Inflammation of the Bowels.

CHAP. X. Of Vinegars.

VVE may say of Vinegar, that the first Original of it is the Juice of Grapes, as well as of Wine. But the Juice of the Grape must be made Wine by Fer∣mentation before it can be turn'd into Vinegar. And though Vinegar may be made of Beer or Cider, as also of water; I hold, that good and true Vinegar is only to be made of Wine. Some attribute the only cause of the acidity of Vinegar to the dissipation of the volatile Spirits of the Wine. But it seems that they have not sufficiently examin'd this business. For they that know the Nature and Original of acids, and the effects which they are able to act upon Salts and Spirits, especially upon volatiles, will as much attribute to them the turning of Wine into Vinegar, as to the absence of the volatile Spirit of Wine. For although before this alteration, some part of the Spirit of Wine may chance to be dissipated, yet we are to believe, that the corruption which happens to wine, happens through the disproportion of its parts, and that the excess of the acid is the chief cause of turning wine into Vinegar. For so long as the flegm, the volatile and tartarous parts which contain the acid, keep nigh a just proportion together, the Wine continues good. But when any one of those parts predominates, there must of necessity happen some corruption, which proves to be more or less according to the Quantity and Nature of the part which predominates, which causes very great diffe∣rences in the decay of the Wine. For when the Wine decays through excess of flegm, it grows greasie, and turns. But though the flegm be able to enervate the force of the volatile part of the Wine by its own corruption, and by its excess, it can∣not nevertheless destroy it, as it destroys almost entirely the tartarous acid part. Whence it comes to pass, that though no good Vinegar can be made of Wines grown greasie, and turn'd; Yet in Distillation you may draw from hence as much vola∣tile Spirit, as from Wines neither greasie nor sowr. And you might draw from hence altogether quite as much, but that the abundance of flegm, which caus'd the corruption of the Wine, in part takes up the place of the volatile Spirit. The excess of the volatile Spirit happ'ns very rarely to Wine, and though it should exceed the other parts in

quantity, as it is very able to preserve it self without them, it would never corrupt them, but would make the Wine violent and reaking, so that it would be less serviceable for common use, and would intoxicate sooner: But when the Tartarous part sur∣mounts, it draws to it the nitrous part of the Air, which is in some sort Homogeneous to it, and multiplying it self by a little and a little, instead of chasing away the volatile Spirit, which it has surmounted in quantity, it unites it self strictly to it, to make it in some measure conformable to its own Nature, while the flegm is no longer able to tem∣per the acid which has got the upper hand of it. Vinegars by their acidity slack'n the activity of the Salts, and volatile Spirits; joyning themselves to them, and altering their action; and are successfully made use of in Distempers caus'd by the Salts, and vola∣tile Spirits, or by humours that participate of their Nature, chiefly Choleric humours, to which purpose acid Fruits and Juices are usually administred with good success.

Acetum Rosatum.	Vinegar of Roses.
℞. Rosarum Rubrarum exungulatarum Sic∣carum, lb j. Aceti acerrimi, lb viij. Vase Vi∣treo bene obturato excipiantur per quindecim aut viginti dies insolentur; deinde colentur & exprimantur. Colatura cum pari Rosarum Pon∣dere in eodem vase iterum per idem tempus in∣soletur, coletur & exprimatur, & servetur a∣cetum.	℞. Of dry red Roses, the white being nipt off, one pound; of very tart Vine∣gar, lb viij. Put them into a Glass-Vessel well stopp'd; set them in the Sun for fif∣teen or twenty days, then strain and press them out. Let the straining be again set in the Sun during the same time, with the like weight of Roses. Let it be strain'd and press'd out, and let the Vine∣gar be kept.

Take the great buds of Provence-Roses, and cut away the white part at the bottom. Dry the red part in the hot Sun, if it may be done, at least in the Air, as soon as possi∣ble may be. Take a pound of Roses thus dry'd, and put them into a strong glass-bot∣tle; upon which you must pour eight pints of good Vinegar, and having stopt the bot∣tle, expose it to the Sun for fifteen days or three weeks; then strain and press out the whole, and return the straining to the same Vessel, over a pound of fresh Roses; then stop up the bottle, and expose it to the Sun as long as before: then strain the Vinegar and squeeze the Roses, and keep the Vinegar for your use. You may, if you please, leave the Roses in the Vinegar, and strain it only when you have occasion for it.

Vinegar of Roses is as much us'd in Dyet, as in Physick. It cuts, cleanses, tempers, it gives an appetite, it provokes sleep being apply'd to the Fore-head, it removes the Acrimony of the fix'd Salts, it moderates the activity of the volatile, it kills the Worms, stays Vomiting, stays the Operation of Purgatives, cools Inflammations, assists Expecto∣rations, and loosens Flegm, stops the Piles being taken inwardly, and applied outwardly; resists Putrefaction, and is good to smell to in noisome and Pestilential seasons. It is mix'd among several Liquors, as also in Liniments, Unguents and Emplaisters.

Vinegar of Roses may serve as an example for the making of several Vinegars, made of Flowers, as of Elder, Gilli-flowers, Rosemary, Sage, Marigolds, &c. But because these flowers do not abound so much in moisture as the Rose, you may take the pains to dry them, or at least to half-dry them, not to dissipate their good parts.

Acetum Scilliticum.

Vinegar of Squills.

℞. Scillas duas molis mediocris, quarum cor∣ticem externum, & cor medium cultro Arundi∣naceo eximes, Laminas inter cor & Corticem existentes in partes divides, & soli per multos dies ad humidi superflui consumptionem expo∣nes. Harum lb j. in lagenam capacem immit∣tes, illique superfundes Aceti Albi Acerrimi, vel potius Spiritus Aceti, lb viij. Lagenam obturabis, & per quadraginta dies radiis Sola∣ribus expones. Colatis deinde, & expressis Laminis, Acetum servabis ad usum.

℞. Two Sea-Onions of an indifferent bigness, peel off the outward Rind, and take out the heart with a knife made of a Reed; the thin slices between the out∣most skin and the heart divide into parts, and expose them for many days to the Sun, till the superfluous moisture be consum'd. Of those put a pound into a large stone-Jug, and pour upon them eight pints of very sharp White Vinegar▪ or rather Spirit of Vinegar. Stop the Jug, and set it in the Sun for forty days. Then having strain'd and squeez'd the thin slices, keep the Vinegar for your use.

They that have travelled into Spain and Portugal, have there met with two sorts of true Sea-Onions, one of which being white, is call'd the Male; the other being red is call'd the Female. The white is usually somewhat the lesser: it is in taste like the red one, but a little thought more tart: However the vertues of both are the same. These Squills are Onions that grow by the Sea-shore, the Root whereof is large, short, close, and bended. In the Months of August and September, they put forth a round, sleek, shi∣ning stalk altogether bare, of a whitish colour enclining to Grideline, as big as a Man's finger, about two Cubits high, surrounded at the top with several little white-flowers en∣clining to purple, growing like an Ear; after which follows a black-seed like that of or∣dinary Onions which is ripe in October and November. The leaves of both Squills are like those of a Flower-de-luce, but bigger; they begin to sprout forth in November and December, and grow dry and die in May or June. The white is accounted better then the red because of the colour.

The drying of the slices was only intended to correct any ill quality which may be in them; for as much as all that is dissipated by the Sun, is only a superfluous moisture, void of any considerable vertue; and therefore care is tak'n to prevent that superfluous moi∣sture from taking away the strength of the Vinegar, and causing it to putrifie, in regard there is flegm enough in the Vinegar without having any need to multiply it.

Dioscorides and Matthiolus most highly applaud the vertues of Vinegar of Squills, and affirm that by taking three ounces every Morning, two hours before any eating, and ta∣king a little walk after it, it will preserve a Man many years in perfect health. That he shall never have any Disease in Mouth, Throat or Stomach. That he shall have a voice always clear and clean, respiration free, quick sight, hearing good, an excellent complexion. That he shall be free from Windiness: That all the parts of the body shall do their Offices: That he shall be always fit for business, never have an ill breath; shall digest whatever he eats, and turn it into good nourishment, and have a kindly eva∣cuation of the Excrements. That it will recover the Pthysical, though far gone; very much help the Epileptic, abating the effects of the Disease, and quite taking them at length a∣way, if the Disease be new. That it will give ease in the Gout, and diseases of the Joynts; open obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, Mesentery, and other parts: and in short will procure soundness of health, and a prolongation of Life. But because our Physicians seldom prescribe this Vinegar, I have not made Tryals enough to confirm what those great Men have writt'n.

Acetum Theriacale.		Treacl'd Vinegar.
℞. Radicum Angeliae,		℞. Of the Roots of Angelica,
Valerianae Majoris,		the bigger Valerian,
Meu Athamantici,		Athamantic Spignel,
Imperatoriae,		Master-wort,
Gentianae,		Gentian,
Vince-toxici,		Swallow-wort,
Carlinae,		Carline-Thistle,
Zedoariae,		Setwall,
Tormentillae,		Tormentill,
Bistortae, an.	℥ j. ss.	Snake-weed, an.	℥ j. ss.
Cortices Citri sicci,		Rind of dry Citron,
Seminis ejusdem,		Seed of the same,
Baccarum Juniperi,		Juniper-berries,
Cardamomi minoris,		Lesser Cardamoms,
Cubebarum, an.	℥ j.	Cubebs, an.	℥ j.
Foliorum Rutae,		Leaves of Rue,
Scordij,		Water-Germander,
Dictamni Cretici,		Cretan Dittany,
Cardui Benedicti,		Carduus,
Centaurii minoris,		Lesser Centaury,
Florum Aurantiorum,		Orange-Flowers,
Rosarum rubrarum, an.	M. j.	Red-Roses, an.	M. j.
Radices & Semina Contusa cum foliis inci∣sis excipiantur Lagena Vitrea satis ampla, illisque superfundantur Aceti Acerrimi vel

potius spiritus Aceti lb xij. Obturetur Lagena, & per dies duodecim radiis Solaribus expona∣tur, sapius agitando; postea colentur & expri∣mantur omnia, serveturque Acetum ad usum.

The Roots and Seeds being cut, put them into a Glass-bottle, large enough and pour upon them twelve pints of the most sharp Vinegar, or rather Spirit of Vinegar, and expose them to the Sun twelve days, oft'n stirring them▪ then strain and squeeze out the ingredients, and keep the Vinegar for use

The Composition of this Treacled-Vinegar is a mixture of the vertues of several choice Medicines, really Theriacal, and able to furnish the Vinegar with all the good qualities expected from it. And to facilitate the preparation, I have thought fit to give a brief Description of the Medicaments, in the choice whereof there may be some doubt.

Authors describe several sorts of Angelica, of which the two principal are, the Bo∣hemian, and that which grows upon the high Mountains of France, Spain or Italy. Some prefer the Bohemian; but that may be more for the rarity of it then for any vertue ex∣traordinary above that of our Mountains; the stalk whereof is above a Cubit in height, knotted in several parts, hollow and having many Branches; the Leaves long and dent∣ed, the colour dark-green, with ombels of white Flowers: The root is large▪ round, about a foot in length, divided into parts like a beard; white within, and somewhat dark without. The Seed is large and flat: It is of a thin substance; of a smell and taste very Aromatic. The Great Valerian grows in the Mountains of Pontus, as also upon some Mountains of France. It has a soft, broad, smooth Leaf, very jag∣ged. The Stalk is smooth, soft, hollow, inclining to red, somewhat knotted, about two Cubits high. The Flowers are small and white▪ inclining to purple, and grow∣ing in Tufts. The Root is half creeping, as big as a man's finger, having of each side and all a-long the lower part several little white Roots that run into the Earth. The taste is very Aromatical, and the scent piercing, and much like that of Nard.

Meum or Spignel, call'd Athamantic, from the Mountain Athamas in Thessalie, where it grows very plentifully, abounds also upon several Mountains of France. The Leaves are small and long like those of Anise. The Stalk is about a Cubit high, or some∣times more, with ombels of flowers at the top. It hath several Roots pack'd to∣gether, black without and white within, as big as a Man's little-finger, cover'd to∣wards the bottom with a kind of hairy excrescence like the stalk of Sea-holly. It is of a thin substance, but of a smell and taste very Aromatic.

Imperatoria grows upon the high Mountains of France, Italy and other parts. The Leaves are broad, somewhat pointed, indented and jagged, growing from the Root by three and by three, at the end of a long tayl: They are strong and rough to handle, as is also the stalk, that inclines somewhat to red, being about two Cubits high. The Flowers are white and in ombels. The Seed in shape, taste and smell is very like to the Seseli, or Hartwort of Marseilles. It has several roots, which are neither very long nor big, lying on the ground, knotted, dark-colour'd and rugged without, somewhat green within, of a sharp taste, thin substance and very Aromatical smell.

Gentian grows upon high Mountains in moist places. The Leaves are large, broad▪ and inclining to red, somewhat resembling the leaves of Plantain; but much more like to white Ellebore. The Stalk about the bigness of a man's finger, is very smooth▪ five or six foot high, and parted by knots; whence spring forth leaves by two and two, less then those which are next the root. The Flower is yellow, the Seed flat and smooth; the Root very much like that of Marsh-mallows; but much bigger and thicker. It is also very yellow and very bitter.

Swallow-wort grows usually in Mountainy-places; the stalks are about a cubit high, smooth, round, limber, and difficult to break. The leaves are dark-green▪ long▪ pointed at the end, somewhat like those of Ivy. The Flowers are white, shall, and stinking. After which succeed round, long knobs full of red-seed, somewhat broad and downie, in shape like a Swallow. The Roots are small and odoriferous, and very much commended against Poysons.

The Carline-Thistle grows upon high Mountains. The Leaves are large, broad▪ rough, prickly, pointed, display'd, and extended like branches. It has no stalk▪ but lies upon the ground, producing a little above the Root a round, hoary, prickly head that spreads into a large Flower of a yellow colour. The Root is about tyhe bigness of a Man's fist, and somewhat more: it is about a foot long▪ and runs directly into the ground. It is somewhat dark colour'd without, and white within, of an indifferent sub∣stance. The taste is not displeasing, insomuch that the Countrey-People feed upon it. The smell is very Aromatic.

The Plant of Zedoary is not describ'd by Authors, yet the Root is very much in use. It is somewhat inclining to red, a little flat, as long and as thick as a Man's little finger, having a kind of resemblance to ginger, but less knotty. The taste is a little bitter, but Aromatical. It is commended for a great Cordial, and good against Poyson.

Tormentil call'd Heptaphyllon, because that the Leaves grow sev'n and sev'n toge∣ther, has several creeping-stalks, round and smooth. The Leaves like those of Cinqfoyle. The Flowers yellow, but very small. The Root short, as big as the little finger, black without, red within, environ'd with strings; the taste is astringent, and the smell some∣what Aromatie.

Snake-weed grows generally in the Mountains; the Leaves are long, fibrous, and like those of the lesser Dock. The upper-part is dark colour'd and spotted: the Stalk is not very big, thrusting forth some kind of Leaves at the top, which is beset with little Purple-flowers in the form of a Spike, being about a cubit in length. The Root is red within, dark-colour'd without, beset with little threads; of a very compact substance▪ in taste and smell like that of Tormentil.

The Lesser-Cardamom is esteem'd the best. We have no Description of the Plant that produces it, no more then of the other Cardamoms. The form of the Cod of the Lesser is triangular, resembling that of the Fruit of Ben. The Seeds▪ are set in order and well-crowded into the Cod, within a little as big as those of Amomum, of a pur∣plish colour, separated by little membrains, and filling all the Cod. Their taste is biting and very Aromatic.

The Plant of Cubebs is not well known yet: we believe it to resemble black-Pepper, and that it creeps up and supports it self upon Trees that grow next to it. They grow in Java. The Seeds of Cubebs are cluster'd together like those of Ivy, but they have a little tail which black-Pepper has not. Their taste is biting and Aromatic. You must cut off the tail with a pair of Scissers, and throw it away.

The true Dittany is no where to be met with but in Candy, upon the Mountain Ida. It has many stalks very smooth and woollie, as also are the Leaves, by reason of the cotton that covers them; they are of a round figure, about the bigness of the Nail; the Flowers are purplish, and like our ordinary Violets. They are intermix'd with the Leaves, especially at the top of the stalks like those of Scordium. Which I affirm to be true, as having oft'n had the real Dittany in flower, contrary to the opinion of several Writers, who affirm that Dittany never flowers: For which they may be excus'd, as having never seen any Dittany, but what was gather'd before the Dittany came to be in flower, and consequently took it to be always the same. And I believe it is for the same reason that you shall never find the Flowers but only the Leaves of Dittany pre∣scrib'd by Physicians, which in my opinion are not to be rejected; nor are they to be separated from the Leaves, no more then those of Scordium, Calamint, Germander, Ground-Ivy and other Aromatical Herbs. The Roots of Dittany are very numerous, small-cluster'd together, dark-colour'd without. They are accounted good for no∣thing: the Leaves and Flowers are very Aromatical in taste and smell.

All the Simples in this composition of Vinegar must be put in drie. You must bruise the Roses, Citron-rinds, and all the Seeds or Berries; you cut must the Herbs, and put them all into a large strong Glass-bottle, and pour out upon them twelve pints of excel∣lent Vinegar, stirring the Ingredients, so that they may be equally steep'd in the Vinegar. Then stop up the Bottle, and expose it to the Sun for forty days; at the end whereof strain and press out the Ingredients, and put up the Vinegar in a Bottle close-stopp'd.

The vertues of this Vinegar are extraordinary, especially against the Pestilence and in all contagious and Epidemic Distempers. It is very good to resist Poyson and con∣tagious Air, and to cure the bitings of venemous Beasts. It resists putrefaction and kills the Worms. It cuts and attenuates thick matters, and helps digestion. It is ad∣minister'd both inwardly and outwardly. The dose of it is one or two full Silver-spoons full in Wine, Broth or any other convenient liquor. It is mingl'd in Potions, and also in liquid Epithems. It is put up into the Nostrils, apply'd to the Temples, to the Sto∣mach and Wrists. It may be dipt in a spunge, and carry'd in a little Box with holes in it to smell to in sickness-time, or against any ill scents.

Acetum Febrifugum, sive Aqua Pro∣phylactica Sylvii de le Boe.		The Fever-vanquishing Vinegar, or Water for prevention of Sylvius de le Boe.
℞. Radicum Petasitidis,	℥ ij.	℞. Of the Root of Butter-Bur,	℥ ij.
Angelicae,		Angelica,
Zedoariae, an.	℥ j.	Zeodoarie, an.	℥ j.
Foliorum Rutae Hortensis,	℥ iiij.	Leaves of Gard'n-Rue,	℥ iiij.
Melissae,		Baume
Scabiosa,		Scabious,
Calendulae, an	℥ ij.	Marigolds, an.	℥ ij.
Nucum jugland. immaturar. incisorum,	lb ij.	Green-Wall-nuts cut,	lb ij.
Pomorum Citriorum recentium incis.	lb j.	New Pome-Citrons slic'd,	lb j.
Contundantur prius Radices, deinde cum reli∣quis omnibus in Aceti distillati lb xij. per noctem macerentur, postea lento igne cinerum fere ad Pharmacorum siccitatem distillentur, prolectúmqu•••• ••••tum in Lagenis Vitreis as∣servetur.		Bruise the Roots first, then with the rest of the ingredients, let them macerate all night in xij. pints of distill'd Vinegar. Then let them be distill'd with a gentle fire of embers till the ingredients be al∣most drie; keep the Vinegar so gotten, close stopp'd up in Bottles.

The Butter-Bur grows in moist places in Mountains: in the Spring-time it puts forth a tender stalk, hollow and pithie, about a Palm and half high; having at the top se∣veral flowers, small and cluster'd like those of Olives, somewhat pyramidical and fair to the sight: the Leaves come forth after the stalk is fall'n. They are fasten'd in the middle to a long tail about a cubit long, thick and full of pith. They hang like a hat turn'd the wrong way: they are large and round, and somewhat whitish underneath; upon one side cleft to the very middle; which cleft coming to close, makes the Leaf resemble a Champinion upon its stalk. The Root is large, dark-colour'd without and white within, of a bitter and unpleasing taste, and a strong and unsavoury smell.

The Roots being well-scrap'd must be well-bruis'd in a Marble-mortar with a wood'n∣pestle among the green Wall-nuts, Citrons and chopt Herbs; then put them into a Glass-cucurbit of a sufficient bigness, and pour upon them xij. pints of good Spirit of Vinegar that did not yield above three pints at a distillation: then fit and lute on a head upon the Cucurbit and leave the ingredients in digestion all night, and the next day distil them with a moderate fire of embers, till the Ingredients are drie; taking care that they do not burn at last; and you shall have a Distill'd-vinegar as clear Water.

Sylvius the Dutchman extols this Vinegar for the cure of all sorts of Agues, as well intermitting as continual. He would have the patient mix it in his ordinary drink, in Distill'd-Waters, in Apozemes, in Mixtures, Potions, Broth, &c. It provokes very gentle Sweats, it qualifies and takes off the acrimonie of the Choler, it quenches thirst, corrects the bitterness of the month, and stays vomiting. It is very much commend∣ed against the Pestilence, and in all Epidemic-diseases. It may be also put up the No∣strils, apply'd to the Temples and Wrists; or be dipt in spunges to be smelt to for the comfort of the Noble-parts.

This Vinegar must not be us'd in Diseases occasion'd by Acids; for there you must have recourse to the fix'd or volatile Salts.

CHAP. XI. Of Robs.

THE Arabick word Rob, which the Modern still retain was giv'n to the Juices of Fruits depurated, and boyl'd to the consumption of two Thirds; or rather to the consumption of three Fourths of their moistures. The Name of Sapa is given par∣ticularly to the Juice of Grapes depurated and boyl'd after the same manner. And there∣fore there was no ground for them that would make the Name of Sapa common to all

Robs. For though the Sapa be in effect a Rob, yet we acknowledg for a Sapa no other Rob then that of the Juice of Grapes. Defrutum, is a diminutive of Sapa; being only de∣purated and boyl'd to the consumption of the third part. And is properly that which we call Burnt-wine. It might be an easie thing to prepare Robs of the Juices of se∣veral Fruits depurated; but considering that it is not for Apothecaries to trouble their Shops with Remedies little in use, it shall suffice to set down the most necessary.

A Rob, or Simple Sapa.

℞. Succi recentis Ʋvarum albarum perfe∣ctè maturarum lb xxx. Coque igne lento in vase fictili vitreato, vel in Aheneo, stanno in∣tus. obducto, donec tertia tantum pars succi supersit. Si vero Defrutum optaveris, ad tertiae tantum partis consumptionem coque.

℞. Of the new Juice of white Grapes perfectly ripe lb xxx. Boyl it over a gentle fire in an Earth'n-glaz'd-vessel, or a Cop∣per-vessel tinn'd within, till the third part of the Juice only remains. But if you de∣sire a Defrutum, boyl it only to the con∣sumption of the third part.

You must not expose the Juice of the Grapes to the Sun, nor use 〈◊〉〈◊〉 artifice to pu∣rifie it before you set it upon the fire, to make a Rob or Defrutum. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 on the con∣trary you must avoid it, because that Depuration would never come to pass without the Fermentation of the Juice, whereby it would change its nature and become Wine, and would lose all its volatile Spirits in boyling. Whereas by avoiding Fermentation, those Spirits are no-where settl'd or concenter'd; so that while they are upon the fire there exhales nothing but a gross and unuseful flegm. Which may serve for an Item to those, who preparing the Defrutum or Sapa, may be ignorant of the reasons why we take the Juice of Grapes newly press'd out, and not the good Wine, which because it is more pure, they might probably think proper to be preferr'd before the new Juice.

The Juice of Grapes is differently boyl'd in Languedoc, Provence, and other places, for sometimes they only boil it to a Defrutum, and call it burnt-wine. Sometimes they con∣tinue and boyl it to the consistency of a Sapa, which comes near the ordinary Syrups: sometimes till it be as thick as soft Electuaries, and this they call Raisiné, or the Grape-Confection, and use in the conditing several Fruits. In all which things they thus proceed.

They take a good quantity of white Grapes perfectly ripe, take out the stones, squeeze and press out the Juice in a clean cloth. Then for example they take about thir∣ty pints of this Juice, putting it at the same time into a great Earthen Vessel well-glaz'd, or in a Cauldron, or Copper-Bason tinn'd within side; and setting the Vessel upon a moderate fire, they cause the Juice to boil softly till the third part be consum'd, which is the boyling allow'd to burnt-wine. Then they take the Vessel off from the fire, and stir the burnt-wine continually with a stick till it be quite cold; which they do to evaporate some superfluous humidity, which might remain in the burnt-wine. Then they cover thē Vessel, and letting it stand till the next day, they pour forth by inclination the clear li∣quor into a proportionable Vessel, leaving the settlement at the bottom. Then they set the Vessel in the Cellar for six or seven weeks, to ferment like the new Wine. After which, to make up that little burnt-wine which the fermentation had dissipated, they fill up the Wine with other burnt-wine reserv'd on purpose, or else they put in Spanish-Wine, or good White-wine, and stopping up the Vessel, keep it in a cool place for use.

But if instead of burnt-wine, you desire a Sapa, you must boil the juice of red Grapes, till there be but a third part left; Then stir it with a stick till it be quite cold, and let it rest all night in the Vessel, the better to purifie it self from its Lees. But then instead of putting this depurated Wine into a Cask, you must let it boil again over a lit∣tle fire, in the same Vessel very clean, till the half be consum'd; then take it off the fire, let it cool, and stay two or three days; then pour out the clear liquor by inclination, and leave the feces at the bottom of the Vessel as before. By this second boiling, the Juice will be reduc'd to two thirds, and will be of a consistency not unlike that of or∣dinary Syrups.

You may also return the same Sapa upon the Fire again, and consume about a fourth part, over a very gentle fire, if you desire it should be boil'd to the consistency of Electua∣ries; or for the preserving of Conditements. You may Aromatize these Juices thus diffe∣rently

boyl'd by mixing with them, when they are cold, some drops of Oyl of Cinamon or Cloves, incorporated with fine-powder'd Sugar.

That which they call burnt-wine in Languedoc and Province, is a preparation very like that of Spanish-wine. This Wine is to be lookt upon as an Alimental nourishment, as well as the Sapa or the Raisiné. It breeds good and quick nourishment, and is proper to restore lost strength, to fortifie the Heart, Stomach, and all the other noble parts, to create an Appetite and help Digestion. The Dose of the burnt-wine is from one ounce to four, that of the Sapa, from one ounce to two. That of the Raisiné much the same. The burnt-wine is also made use of in Clysters instead of Decoctions, chiefly in Colicks proceeding from Wind and Acids.

Rob Cydoniorum.	A Rob of Quinces.
℞. Succi Cydoniorum ad maturitatem ver∣gentium, lb xviij. Coque igne lento in vase fictili vitreato, donec Tertia tantum pars super∣fit. Refrigeratum Rob, quiete & decantatione fecibus liberatum, Oleorum Cinnamomi & Cary∣ophillorum ana guttis tribus, Saccharo pul∣v••••izato exceptis, Aromatizetur & servetur.	℞. Of the Juice of Quinces enclining to be ripe lb xviij. Boyl them over a soft fire in an Earth'n glaz'd-Pot, till only the third part remain. When the Rob is cold, and freed from its feces by settlement and inclinati∣on, take of Oyl of Cinamon and Cloves, an. three drops, mix'd with powder'd Su∣gar, and Aromatize it, and then keep it for use.

Take a good quantity of Quinces half ripe, rasp them one after another into Earthen Pipkins, all but the inward hard Core. Let them settle two or three days, then squeeze them through a new strong Cloth, gently at first, afterwards very strongly. By that means you will have a Juice of Quinces very clear. Of which take eighteen pints, and put them into an Earth'n glaz'd Pipkin, or into a skillet of Copper Tinn'd, and let them boyl over a gentle fire, till two thirds are consum'd. Then let them cool, and set the Rob aside in the skillet for two or three days; then pour the clear Liquor into another very clean Vessel, and add to it the Oyls of Cloves and Cinamon, incorpora∣ted with an ounce of fine-powder'd Sugar, to mix them the better together, and when they are well mingl'd, put them up into a bottle well-stopp'd, and keep them for use.

The Rob of Quinces is indu'd with all the principal vertues that are attributed to the pulp of the Quinces. It is recommended to fortifie the Stomach, to help the weakness of retention in the Stomach, and Intestines. To create an Appetite, and help Digestion. It is giv'n with success in Diarrhea's, Dysenteries, Lienteries, the Choleric Disease, and Internal Fluxes of Blood.

Rob Mororum seu Diamorum.	Rob of Mulberries, or Diamorum.
℞. Succi Mororum Rubi Humilis ar∣v••••sis,	℞. Of the Juice of Mulberries, of the low-field Bramble.
Succi Mororum mori arboris nigrae semi-ma∣turorum,	Of the Juice of Mulberries of the black Tree, half-ripe.
Mellis Narbonensis despumati, an. lb iij.	Of clarify'd Honey of Narbonne, an. lb iij.
Coquantur igne lento in vase fictili vitreato ad debitam consistentiam, illisque permisce∣antur Spiritus Vitrioli vel Sulphuris, gut∣ta, xx.	Boyl them over a gentle fire in a Glaz'd Earth'n Vessel, to a due consistence, and mix with them twenty drops of Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur.

This Rob may be made with these two Juices, or with either of the two separately without any addition of Honey; but besides that the Honey increases their detersive and cleansing quality, it makes the Rob more delightful, and fitter to be preserv'd for a longer time. The two sorts of Mulberries must be gather'd before they come to their maturity; that the Rob may be more detersive.

You must squeeze out the Juice through a strong Cloth, let it settle two or three days; then pour the clear Liquor by inclination into another vessel, weigh the quantity pre∣scrib'd

and boil it over a small fire in a glaz'd Earth'n-pot, with the Honey clarify'd be∣fore, to a consistence like that of Syrups. Then let the Rob cool, scum it well, and add to it the Spirits of Vitriol or Sulphur, and so put up it in a glass-bottle, or a gally-pot well-stopp'd for your use.

This Rob is chiefly for the cure of Ulcers and Inflammations in the Mouth, Tongue, and Throat. For it is very proper to qualifie the Acrimony of the humours, to cleanse, stop up, and consolidate; sometimes this Rob is taken alone by the spoonful. But it is most frequently mix'd in cooling and detersive decoctions.

Rob Baccarum Sambuci.	Rob of Elder-Berrier.
℞. Succi Baccarum Sambuci, tribus die∣bus per residentiam depurati, lb vj. Aut quan∣tum libuerit. Coque igne lento in vase fictili vitreato, ad duarum▪ partium Consumptionem. Adde si volueris Sacchari vel Mellis despumati portionem aliquam.	℞. Of the Juice of Elder-berries cla∣rify'd by three days settlement, six pints; or as much as you please. Boil them in a glaz'd Earth'n-Pipkin over a soft fire to the consumption of two parts. Add if you please some little quantity of Sugar or cla∣rify'd Honey.

You must take the Elder-berries when they are fully ripe, take from them all their little stalks, squeeze them through a strong Cloth, and draw out their Juice; let them settle for three days, separate them from their feces, and boil them over a soft fire in an Earthen-Vessel well-glaz'd, to the consumption of two thirds, or to the consistence of a Rob. Let it cool, and take off the scum if there be any. To make the Rob more plea∣sant and fit to keep▪ longer, you may add a third or a fourth of its weight of fine Sugar, or clarify'd Honey.

This Rob is very much commended for the cure of Diseases of the Brain, particu∣larly of the Epilepsie and Palsie. It is accounted a Specifick against Hysteric Passions, and for Dysenteries. It may be tak'n alone in a spoon fasting, or mix'd in Potions. The dose is not certain: but you may take from half an Ounce to an Ounce at a time.

The other Robs which are prepar'd of the Juices of several Fruits merit no farther mention here, because they are converted into Syrups, which the sweetness of the Sugar renders more pleasing then all the Robs that can be prepar'd.

CHAP. XII. Of Sweet-Meats.

THE difficulty of accommodating Medicines to the taste of Patients, and the de∣sire of pleasing them, and to have at all times ready some parts of Plants of which they may stand in need, have been the principal occasions of inventing Sweet-meats. It happ'ns also that the liking which Patients take to them when sick, gives them a desire to continue the use of them when they are well.

And the healthy themselves have so far tak'n their part, and made Sweet-meats so common, that there is no good City, where there are not some who make it their Trade and Calling to make all sorts of Sweet-meats. But though it be not the Apothecaries bu∣siness to make for the healthy, yet they are oblig'd for the benefit of the sick to condite several sorts of Plants which are not within the knowledge or practice of the ordi∣nary Comfit-makers.

If all the parts of Plants were to be had at all times, or if they were all of an equal perfection, there would be no great trouble to make provision of any Sweet-meats, nor need we make any conditement but upon occasion. But as they must have time to grow, increase, come to perfection, and then decline again, we must choose the best time for the vertues or qualities of the Plant which we intend to candie. Herbes, Fruits, Stalks, Flowers and Seeds cannot be fit but in their Season. Roots that may be had at all Seasons of the Year, yet are not fit to be condited till the Spring of the Year, when they begin to put forth their Leaves: for then they possess to themselves all that the Plant has of vertue; besides that they are then more tender and more juicie

then at any other Season. Sometimes the Flowers are condited before they are blown; Seeds and Fruits half ripe: And sometimes we stay till every one of these comes to their perfect maturity. Sometimes the Roots, Flowers, Fruits, and other parts of Plants are condited whole, sometimes cut in pieces, either for convenience, or to se∣parate what is to be thrown away. Sometimes they are to be reduc'd into a paste, and boyl'd with Sugar or Honey. But Sweet-meats are so common that I think I need not give many Examples thereof.

Radices Eringii conditae.

Eringo-Roots condited.

℞. Radicum Eringii mundatarum & in partes dissectarum quantum volueris: coque ad mollitiem in aquae communis sufficiente quanti∣tate; in decocto dissolve Sacchari albissimi pon∣dus Radicibus aequale: Coque ad Syrupi crassio∣ris consistentiam; despuma, calidúmque Syrupum Radicibus in vase fictili vitreato positis super∣funde. Post dies aliquot decantatum Syrupum ad priorem consistentiam recoque, calidúmque radicibus superfunde. Idque ter, quatérve re∣pete, & tandem ita Syrupum coque, ut in de∣bita consistentia possit in posterum cum Radici∣bus asservari.

℞. Of these Roots as many as you please; wash them well, then take out the pith and the outside, then boyl them in fair Water till they are sufficiently tender. Then take them out of the Water, lay them upon a white Linnen-cloth, and drie up the moisture as much as may be. Then weigh them, and take the same weight of fine Sugar, and boyl it with the Decoction of the Roots, scumming it from time to time, till the Sugar have acquir'd a consistency a little thicker then that of ordinary Syrups. Then put the Roots into a Pot of glaz'd∣earth, and pour the Syrup upon them fiery hot; some few days after pour this Syrup by inclination into a Bason, and re∣boyl it over a soft fire, till it have acquir'd its first consistency; then pour it hot a se∣cond time upon the Roots. A while after boyl the Liquor a third time, and pour it upon the Roots again. Repeat this again if need be; and at length so boyl the Sy∣rup that it may be kept for the future with the Roots.

Eringium or Sea-Holly is a Plant well-known: the Roots whereof must be gather'd in the Spring-time, when the Herb begins to appear.

Eringo-roots are opening and diuretic. They are also great friends to the Stomach, Liver and Spleen. They are sometimes mix'd in Opiates and other Medicines.

The Example of this Root may serve for the conditing of Succorie, Burrage, Bugloss, Comfrey, Elecampane, Satyrion, Scorzonera or Vipers-grass, and several others; from all which you must take off the small rinds and superfluities. They may be condited whole that have no pith, or are not very big; and cut into slices those that are over∣large.

Cortices Malorum conditi.

Citron-Peels condited.

℞. Corticum Malorum Citreorum in frusta ••blonga incisorum quantum libuerit, per dies quindecim Aquae marinae committantur; edu∣cantur, postea ex illa aqua, & in Fontanam ejiciantur, in eáque saepius renovata relinquan∣tur, donec salsedinem deposuerint. Bulliant tandem leviter in nova aqua, ut siquid supersit salsedinis auferatur. Tunc in recenti aqua ad sufficientem teneritatem coquantur, deinde lin∣teo mundo quantum fieri potest exsiccati in vase novo fictili vitreato ordine collocentur. Illis saccharum in proprio Corticum decocto ad de∣bitam consistentiam coctum calide superfunda∣tur, illius{que} coctio & superfusio repetatur, ut in superiori Radicum Eringii conditurâ di∣ximus.

℞. Of the Peels of Citrons as many as you please; cut them into long slices about an inch or an inch and a half broad: range them one by one in a clean Barrel, cover them with Salt-water, and leave them in that Water for fifteen days, or longer if you please; then take them out, and steep them in Fountain-water for several days, shifting and re-shifting the Water, till you can perceive nothing of saltness in them. Then boyl them gently in Fresh-water, to take away any thing of Salt that might remain. Then throwing away that water, boyl them in fresh-water, till they are suffici∣ently tender. Then take out the Peels out of

the water, and with a Linnen-cloth dry them as well as you can. Then weigh'em, and take twice the weight of fine Sugar, and boyl it in the last Decoction of the Peels to the thick∣ness of Honey. Then having laid the Citron∣peels one by another in an Earth'n-glaz'd∣pan, pour the Sugar upon them scalding∣hot, so that they may be altogether well∣cover'd▪ leave them so for some days, and then pour out the Syrup by inclination in∣to a Bason, and repeat Coction and Super∣fusion as is directed in the Conditing of Eringo's.

The difficulty of conditing Citron-peels without causing them to lose their shape, or so as to keep them from falling to pieces or into paste, is the reason that we are forc'd to make use of Salt-water, which preserves their Rinds entire, fair and transparent.

If you would preserve these Peels dry, take them out of the Syrup, let them drain; then boyl fine Sugar in the Water to the consistency of a solid Electuary; put in the Peels, and let them boyl till the Sugar be again gently boyl'd to the consistence of a so∣lid Electuary. Then take out the Peels, letting the Sugar drain off, and lay the Peels upon twigs in a Stove, to be there entirely dry'd.

You may make good use of the first Syrup which serv'd to condite the Citron-peels, being very much esteem'd under the Name of The Syrup for preserving the Citron∣peel, the vertues whereof are very near as good as those of the Peel, to strength'n the Heart, Stomach, and all the Noble-Parts.

You may also boyl in the Water new Citron-peel, till it be almost reduc'd into paste; beat it afterwards in a Marble-mortar, and pass it through a Hair-Sieve, adding thereto the weight of it in powder-Sugar; then boyling it over a gentle-fire in a Glaz'd-earth'n∣pipkin, and at the end putting a little Juice of Citron, to give it a pleasing acidity.

••n the same manner Quinces, Pears, Apples, Abricots, Peaches, Plumbs and many other Fruits may be reduc'd into Pastes of the like nature. In the same manner may the Stalks of Lettice separated from their Rind, the pulpie-part of Melons, long-Gourds, Cucumbers, Hartichoak-bottoms, and many other pithie parts of Plants be condited. You may also put them into Salt-water and condite them whole, as I have directed for Citron-peel.

You may also make use of a clear Lye instead of Salt-water to condite green Almonds. And though they become extraordinary pale, yet by boyling them afterwards in fair Water, they recover a colour more green then that which they had before, and you may then preserve them drie or liquid, without fear of altering their colour. Condi∣tements in Honey are not so much us'd as those in Sugar, as being more acceptable in all Sweet-meats: besides that Honey is not so proper for dry Sweet-meats. And though in Languedoc and Provence during the cold weather they preserve Almonds dry with Honey, and to make a Sweet-meat sometimes red, sometimes white, which they call Nogat, or Tourron; yet it is not a Sweet-meat that can be kept long: for the Honey will give and at length dissolve altogether, when the moist air has had time to pe∣netrate it.

The preserving of Olives is very different from all others; especially because it is done without either Sugar or Honey. Their Preparation consists chiefly in taking a∣way their natural bitterness, to render them pleasant to the taste, and in preserving them long in their beauty and goodness. They that regard not their beauty, only slit the green Olives in two with a Knife, and bruise them gently, and soak them in fair Water, which they shift oft'n till their bitterness be almost all tak'n away. Then they put them into Pots of Glass or Earth-glaz'd with some small bunches of Fennel, or some pieces of dry Citron or Orange-peel, and cover them with a Water indifferently salt, wherein they keep them to eat, as they have occasion. But they that desire to preserve the colour of their Olives, and to keep them entire, make use of a Lye made of the ashes of Oak-wood, Vine-branches or the like: or else of Quick-lime, steeping their Olives therein four and twenty hours, or till they have quite lost their bitterness. Then they put their Olives into an indifferent Salt-water, adding to them sweet Fennel, Citron or Orange-peel cut into little slices, or some such other Aromatic, as they shall like best. They also pour in as much good Oyl upon the Water as may swim about a fingers-breadth above it, the better to preserve the whole.

CHAP. XIII. Of Gellies.

WE give that now-a-days the Name of Gelly, which the Latins call'd Gelatina. Gelly is usually made of Juices extracted by pressing, or by decoction of several Fruits. They are also made by the long boyling of different Animals, or of their parts. These Juices must be clarify'd by Despumation or otherwise, and be sweeten'd with Sugar, to make them pleasing to the Palate. They must be also boyl'd to the consi∣stency that a Gelly ought to have, which is not to be too fluid when it is cold, and not to stick to the Trencher or Plate when you drop a few drops to try the consistency. Gelly is so nam'd, because it is transparent like Ice, and because it congeals in the cold, and melts in the heat. However it differs from Ice, because it never becomes hard like that, but remains always soft, unless it freeze in extremity of weather.

Gellies are so common among the Ladies, that I shall only give you the Examples of two or three made by Decoction.

Gelatina Cydoniorum.

Gelly of Quinces.

℞. Cydoniorum ad maturitatem acceden∣tium, lb viij. in frusta incide cum Cortice & Seminibus, & in aquae communis lb xx deco∣que ad dimidiae circiter partis consumptionem: decoctum cola & Cydonia exprime. Colaturam Ovi albumine cum Sacchari lb vj. clarifica; & clarum liquorem ad Mivae consistentiam co∣que, Pixidibúsque ligneis vel Vasis vitreis, aut fictilibus vitreatis reconde.

℞. Whole Quinces not fully ripe, and cut them into five or six slices, and weigh out eight pound, and boyl them in twenty pints of Water, to the consumption of half. Strain the Decoction, and squeeze the Sediment well; and when it is almost cold, clarifie it with the white of an Egg, with six pound of fine Sugar, after the ordinary manner. Then boyl the clear liquor over a gentle-fire, to the consistency of a Gelly. Then take the Skillet from the fire, and when the Gelly is half-cold, Aromatize it with four drops of Distill'd-oyl of Cloves, and two drops of Oyl of Cinamon, incor∣porated first with fine powder'd-Sugar. The whole being well mix'd, and the Gelly well scumm'd, pour it out into Glasses, or Glaz'd-pots, or else into Woodd'n-Boxes or Moulds, moisten'd before-hand. The Latins call the Gelly of Quinces Mivam Cy∣doniorum.

This Aromatization is to be preferr'd before that of the Ancients, who direct you to put Cinamon, Cloves, Cardamoms, Saffron, Trochisques of Gallia Moscata, Gin∣ger, Mastich, lignum Aloes, and Musk in powder ty'd up in a knot, and to steep them in the Gelly while it boyles; not considering that besides the harsh and unpleasing taste which the grosser part of all this Mixture of Drugs would give the Gelly, their Aro∣matick and volatile part would dissipate, and leave nothing behind but the ill-qualities of the Terrestrial. You may also, besides the Oyls of Cloves and Cinamon pre∣scrib'd for Aromatization, add some drops of the Essence of Musk and Ambergrise, for those that love sweet Scents. There are some that take out the Seeds from the Quinces when they make the Decoction for the Gelly. Others on the contrary make use of the Seeds, Cores and Rind, reserving the pulp of the Quinces to condite, or to make Mar∣malate.

You may also make a Gelly of Rennettings or other good Apples, cutting them into quarters, boyling them in Water almost to a mash, and straining the Decoction through hair-sieve without pressing the Apples. For this Decoction thus strain'd through the Sieve reverst, and re-passt through a Bag, mix'd with the weight in Apples of very fine Sugar, and boyl'd over a gentle fire to a due consistency, makes a Gelly as pleasant as sightly, to which you may add at the end of the Decoction some drops of the Juice of Citrons well∣clarify'd

to give them a sharp taste. You may also cut the rind of candy'd Pome-Ci∣tron into small pieces, and lay at the bottom of the Glasses or Boxes where you put your Gellies, which being pour'd hot upon these pieces, will become by that Mixture much more acceptable then without it.

Gelatina Cornu Cervini.

Gelly of Harts-Horn.

℞. Rasurae Cornu Cervini lb ss, Aque com∣munis lb vj. Coque lento igne, in va••▪ fictili vitreato, ad duarum partium consumptionem. Cola & exprime, Colaturam clarifica Ovi al∣bumine cum Sacchari optimi ℥ vj. Vini albi ℥ iiij. Succi Citri ℥ j. Et coque igne lento ad Gelatina melior is consistentiam.

℞. Half a pound of the havings of Harts∣horn, and boyl it over a gentle fire in six pints of Fountain-water in a glaz'd-earth'n Pipkin to the consumption of two thirds of the Water. Strain out the Decoction, squeezing the Harts-horn well; then clarifie the straining with the white of an Egg, ad∣ding six ounces of fine Sugar, four ounces of white Wine, and one ounce of Juice of Citrons. After which boyl the clarify'd Li∣quor over a gentle fire, to the consistency of a Gelly, rather too soft then too strong, which you must empty hot into Glasses or Pots, and there let it cool.

You may Aromatize this Gelly with some half a drop of the Essence of Citron, Cloves or Cinamon, incorporated with fine powder'd Sugar.

This Gelly of Harts-horn is never prepar'd but upon occasion. For it cannot be kept above four or five dayes in Winter, and two in Summer; and then you must keep it in a Cellar. Some nice Persons may disapprove the boyling of the Wine and the Gelly, believing that the Spiritous part dissipates in boyling. But in regard the Gelly cannot be clarify'd without the Wine, there is no care to be tak'n for the dissipation of the Spirit, so much the rather because that the Gelly being most frequently prepar'd for those that are in Fevers, we may be glad of the dissipation of those Spirits.

Gelly of Harts-horn may be call'd a Medicinal-nourishment: For it breeds good nou∣rishment, and strength'ns the Heart and Stomach. It is us'd in all sorts of Fevers, especially the putrid, and in all Epidemic-diseases; and is highly approv'd in all weaknesses, and want of retention in the Stomach and Bowels.

In the same manner may be prepar'd Gelly of Vipers, and of the parts of other sorts of Animals.

CHAP. XIV. Of Conserves.

ROOTS, Herbs, or Flowers are usually the foundation of all Conserves. Their preparation therefore not being very difficult, and requiring no tedious Dis∣courses, I will only give you two or three Examples, by which you may prepare all sorts of Conserves.

Conserva Radicum Helenii.

Conserve of Roots of Elecampane.

℞. Radicum Helenii recentium mundatarum quantum libuerit; coquantur ad mollitiem in sufficiente quantitate Aqua Fontanae; deinde pinsentur, & per Cribrum inversum trajician∣tur. Decoctum coquatur lento igne cum Sac∣chari duplo Radicum pondere, ad Electuarii solidi consistentiam. Illique tantisper refrige∣rato, trajecta pulpa permisceatur; refigera∣táque conserva vase idoneo recondatur.

℞. What quantity you please of the new Roots of Elecampane, wash them well, and cleanse them from their little rind, and from all superfluities; cut them into great pieces▪ boyl them in six times their weight in Wa∣ter over a moderate fire, till they are suffici∣ently tender. Then bruise them in a Marble∣mortar with a woodd'npestle, and strain the pulp through a Hair-sieve revers'd. In the mean while boyl twice the weight of fine Su∣gar in the Decoction of the Roots, to the consistence of a solid Electuary; and when it is half cold, incorporate the pulp therein, and put up the cold Conserve in fit vessel.

Some let the Decoction be quite cold before they incorporate the pulp. Others put it hot into the pot, to the end there may be a crust proper to preserve the Conserve. However you must not cover the pot till the Conserve be quite cold, for fear the super∣fluous moisture which rises with the Conserve, not finding vent, should fall upon the Conserve and putrifie it.

This Conserve, as also that of many other Roots may be done without boiling the Roots, as also without boyling the Sugar. For you may stamp the raw Roots in a Marble-Mortar, press the pulp through a hair-sieve revers'd, and incorporate it with twice as much the weight of fine-Sugar in powder, and the Conserve shall be made. But besides that the raw Roots are more difficult to stamp and strain, and more fibrous then those which are boyl'd, the Conserve is also more displeasing and coarse. In the same manner may be prepar'd the Conserves of all pithy Roots.

Conserve of Elecampane, cuts, and powerfully loosens Flegm from the Lungs, the Reins and Stomach, it serves for expectoration, helps Digestion, and creates an Appe∣tite. You may take it alone, or mix'd in Opiates, Loches, or Tablets: you may take from half an ounce to an ounce.

Conserva Rosarum mollis.	Soft Conserve of Roses.
℞. Rosarum Rubrarum recentium exungula∣tarum, lb j. Sacchari Albissimi, lb ij. Fiat ex arte Conserva.	Take one pound of red Rose-buds, cut off the white part at the bottom with a pair of Scissors. Stamp them exactly in a Marble-Mortar, mixing with them by degrees, two pound of fine powder'd Sugar.

This mixture will make a body not unlike that of a soft Electuary, of a dark red co∣lour and pleasing to the taste. You may at the latter end add some drops of Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur, which will heighten the colour of the Conserve, and make it look more red. After this you may put it up in a bottle well-stopp'd, and expose it to the Sun for several days, stirring the Conserve from time to time with a woodd'n Spatula, the better to unite the Roses with the Sugar, and to consume the superfluous moisture.

But if you desire a Conserve of Roses more pleasant, and more sightly, this is the way. Give a gentle wamble to about a pint of Rose-Water, and having tak'n it off the fire, cast into it a pound of large red Rose-buds, clean'd as before, and having well-steep'd them, strain the Liquor through a clean Linnen-Cloth, squeeze the Roses with your hands, and beat them well in a Marble-Mortar. In the mean while boil two pound of fine Sugar in the Water where the Roses were steep'd, to the consistence of a solid E∣lectuary, and when it is well boil'd, mix the Roses therein perfectly well-stamp'd; stir them for some time the better to make the mixture, and to evaporate the superfluous molsture. Then put them up in a pot, and cover them well, when they are quite cold. This way makes the Roses very tender, and makes them fit to be the better and more easily stamp'd. The Rose-Water increases the good Scent and vertue of the Conserve: and the mixture of the Roses with the Sugar becomes more exact. The Conserve is more sightly, and retains its vertue and its beauty longer, then by the ordinary preparations.

There is also another preparation of Conserve of Roses not inferiour to this, which is done by putting the Rose-buds cut into a glass-Cucurbit, in Maceration in Balneo Ma∣riae, between luke-warm and boiling hot; keeping them there till they are sufficiently tender, boyling the Sugar with the Rose-Water, and observing the same Method, as for the former Conserve.

The principal use of Conserve of Roses, is to stop defluxions from the Brain falling upon the Lungs. It is also good to stay coughing and spitting of Blood: to streng∣then the Stomach, Heart, and Brain, to stay vomiting and loosness of the Belly; to keep the Breath sweet, to provoke sleep; to which purpose it is usually apply'd in a frontal to the Forehead. This Conserve is to be tak'n fasting from one dram to two, often mix'd with Confections, Powders, Essences, and other Conserves. Sometimes it is outwardly apply'd upon the Heart and Stomach in a solid Epitheme, alone, or mix'd with other Medicines.

Conserva Rosarum solida.

Solid Conserve of Roses.

℞. Rosarum Rubrarum mundatarum, & ad Solis Radios celeriter siccatarum, ℥ j. in Pul∣verem subtilem redigantur, postea irrorentur dragma Semis Spiritus Sulphuris. Tunc ℞. Sacchari Albissimi, lb j. Aquae Rosarum, ℥ iiij. Coquantur simul ad Electuarii solidi consisten∣tiam. Deinde pulvis Rosarum immisceatur, & ubi fere refrixerint, formentur Tabellae vel Rotulae ad usum.

Take an ounce of red-Roses cleans'd, and hastily dry'd in the Sun, powder them very fine, and sprinkle them with half a drachm of Spirit of Sulphur in some glass-Vessel, mixing them well with a woodd'n Spatula. Then boyl a pound of fine Sugar in four ounces of Rose-Water to the con∣sistency of a solid Electuary, and incorpo∣rate the Roses therein, being tak'n off the fire, stirring them well with a woodd'n-Pe∣stle. And when you observe a film upon the Conserve, pour it out upon a sheet of Paper, or a Pewter-platter to make Tablets thereof.

This is call'd hard Conserve of Roses, which will be of a good colour, and grateful to the taste; the vertues whereof are much the same with those of the liquid Conserve. It is also very convenient to carry in the Pocket.

They are deceiv'd who think that the Roses ought to be dry'd in the shade to make them look the fairer. For experience and reason have taught me, that red Roses so dry'd are never sightly in colour, but become very brown. And therefore it is not without cause, that you are here directed to dry them hastily in the Sun. For being suddenly dry'd they look fair and are full of vertue, because the red-Roses abound in superfluous and viscous moisture, which is not easily separated, unless it meet with some powerful Agent to constrain it; such as is the Sun by means of his heat. Where∣as if you dry them in shade only, the action of the Sun being too weak, and slow, the Roses in that space of time, wither and turn black. However, you must be careful to take them out of the Sun, when they are sufficiently dry; for after that, the Sun does but burn them, and make them change colour.

You must be careful also to put the Roses in a Glass-bottle well-stopp'd to preserve them in their vertue and beauty, which you may do for a year or two together.

Conserva Violarummollis.	Conserve of Violets liquid.
℞. Violarum recentium mundatarum lb ss. Sacchari Albissimi, lb j. ss. Fiat ex arte Conserva.	℞. Half a pound of new Violets very clean, and beat them exactly in a Marble-Mortar; and when they are well-beaten, boil over a soft fire in six ounces of di∣still'd Water of Violets, a pound and a half of fine Sugar, to the consistency of an Electuary. Then take the Sugar off the fire, and when it is half-cold, mix the stamp'd Violets therewith.

At the same time pour this Conserve into a pot, that the film or crust may grow o∣ver it, which will very much preserve it. And when it is cold cover the pot very close, and keep it for your use.

This Conserve may serve as an example for those of Burrage, Bugloss, Water-Lillies, and such-like flowers as abound in moisture.

The moisture of the Violets is the reason of putting more Sugar into Conserve of Violets, then into Conserves of Flowers less moist. And the method of boiling the Su∣gar is much better, then to mingle the Violets in powder with the Sugar: in regard the Flowers seem better mix'd in the boil'd Sugar, and for that by putting the Conserve hot into the Pot, the crust that grows over it resists the penetration of the Air, and makes the Conserve keep much longer.

Conserve of Violets is very cordial; It is very much esteem'd in Diseases of the Liver and Spleen. It qualifies the Acrimony of the humours, and makes them slippery. It is admirable in Diseases of the Breast, and to cool the boyling of the Blood.

CHAP. XV. Of Syrups.

JUleps were the fore-runners and the occasion of the invention of Syrups. For the Ancients finding, that the superfluous moisture of Juleps hastn'd their putrefaction, bethought themselves of consuming it by boiling, and to reduce them to a thicker con∣sistency, giving them the name of Syrups. The word Syrup is deriv'd from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, to draw, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifies Juice.

All Syrups are pleasant Compositions, made of Waters, Juices, Tinctures, or Decocti∣ons boyl'd with Sugar or Honey, to a consistency somewhat thick, and fit to keep. The Juices that compound Syrups, are usually drawn from several parts of Plants, sometimes by expression, sometimes by the impression of their succulent substance into any Liquor. They may be also drawn from the parts of Animals, as Syrup of Tortoises. Tin∣ctures, Infusions, or Decoctions, made use of in the composition of Syrups, are as so many means, to impart the virtues of different Medicines to the same Syrups.

Besides the design of long-keeping, our Artists had a desire to have the vertue of one or more Medicaments clos'd together in a small Room. But the number of Syrups is so great, that should we prepare them all, the shops would not be big enough to hold them. For which reason I shall not fill this Volumn with Syrups that may be let alone, as being out of use, or such as may be prepar'd when prescrib'd. I shall only there∣fore here set down such Syrups, the use whereof is confirm'd by the practice and pre∣scriptions of the Physicians, and which deserve to be prepar'd for their vertues, and ad∣vantages which the sick receive thereby.

Syrupus e Succo Citri.	Syrup of the Juice of Citron.
℞. Succi acidi recentis defaecatissimi Malo∣rum Citreorum, lb iij. Sacehari Albissimi, lb vj. Fiat ex arte Syrupus.	Take three pints of the Juice of Citron extreamly well purify'd, and put it into a Glass, or glaz'd Earth'n▪ Vessel, then dis∣solve therein six pound of fine Powder Su∣gar; stirring it all the while till the Sugar be wholly incorporated with the Juice.

Continue stirring as well when it is off, as when it is upon the fire.

Make use of no Vessels for the Preparation of this or any other Syrup compos'd of Acid Juices, but such as are made of glass, or glaz'd Earth.

There is another way of making this Syrup, by taking six pound of white and dry fine Powder Sugar, clarifying it with the white of an Egg, and six pints of Fountain∣water, and then boyling it over a fire, to the consistency of a solid Electuary; and after that, when it is off from the fire, pouring into it three pints of Juice of Lemons, well∣clarify'd, and stirring the Syrup with a Woodd'n Pestle, till it be almost cold.

The Ancients believ'd that the quantity of the acid Juices of Fruits in Syrups, ought to be greater then that of the Sugar, and that the same Juices requir'd a longer boiling, as well to consume one part of their moisture, which they thought superfluous, as also to make a consistence necessary for the Syrups which were compos'd of them. For this reason they boil'd their Juices a long time. I confess that the acid Juices evaporated in a glass-Vessel in Balneo Mariae, do lose of their aquosity, and that the Juice which remains in the Vessel, is more acid, then the Juice before the watry part was eva∣porated.

But besides that, there is no need of so much Acidity, they lose of their beauty, and become less cooling by being boyl'd. Moreover the watry part is not unprofitable in the composition of these Juices, in regard it is very refreshing, and for that by the means thereof, the acids are more conveniently convey'd to the remote parts, without any offence to the parts, by reason of their Acrimony.

And for as much as the Syrups, which are only compos'd of acid Juices and Sugar, re∣quire not a consistency altogether so thick as that of other Syrups, they must not be kept

so long upon the fire, for fear of changing their quality. This Syrup may serve for an example for all Syrups compos'd of the acid Juices of Fruits, and Sugar.

Syrup of Citrons cools and moistens very much, it quenches thirst, and sensibly cools the heat of choleric-Fevers. It strengthens the Stomach and Bowels, weak'nd by the hot intemperature of humours, it resists putrefaction and contagious Air. It is good against Worms, Poyson, and Pestilent and Epidemic Diseases. The Dose is usually from half an ounce to an ounce, in a glass of Ptisan, or some other Liquor. It serves as a foundation for some compositions, and is mix'd in Potions and other Medicines.

The Syrups of Granates, red-Currans, Barberries, Verjuice, and the like are pre∣par'd after the same manner.

Syrupus e Succo Oxytriphylli.

Syrup of the Juice of Wood-Sorrel.

℞. lb iiij. Succi Oxytriphylli depurati, Sacchari Albissimi, ana. Fiat ex arte Syrupus.

Take four pints of the Juice of Wood-Sorrel well-purify'd; pour them into a glass-Cucurbit, cover it with its Alembic slightly luted, place it in Balneo Mariae, and distil with a moderate fire about half the moisture. Then take away the Cucur∣bit, and let it cool. That done, pour out the acid Juice, which remains by Inclina∣tion, and pass it through a brown-Paper, to separate the Terrestreities gather'd in Distillation. Then weigh out two pints of this clarify'd Juice, and dissolve there∣in four pound of fine powder'd Sugar, and give the whole a little wamble over the fire. Take it off, scum it, and put up the Syrup, when it is cold.

You may also clarifie the fine powder'd Sugar with the white of an Egg and fair Wa∣ter, boil it to the strong consistency of a solid Electuary, and afterwards incorporate the Juice of Wood-Sorrel prepar'd as I have said, and make a Syrup as you do of the Juice of Lemons.

Wood-sorrel, otherwise call'd Oxytriphyllum, and Allelujah, is a Plant well-known. If the Juice were as acid as that of Citrons, two pints of Juice would be enough for the four pound of Sugar prescrib'd. But because it is much less acid, and much more wa∣try, there is a necessity of separating by distillation one part of its aquosity, to make its acidity somewhat like that of the Juice of Citrons.

The Syrup of Allelujah cools very much. It is very useful to quench thirst, to cool the heats of the Stomach and Liver. It is very much commended in Burning Fevers, Malignant and Epidemic Distempers. It comforts and strengthens the Heart, and cures the Inflammations of the Mouth, Tongue, Palat, and Throat. The distill'd-Water of the Juice may be very properly mix'd with the Syrup, or you may drink the Water a∣lone. The Dose is the same with that of the Syrup of Citrons.

Syrupus Cinamomi Regius.	Royal Syrup of Cinamon.
℞. Aquae Cinnamomi stillatitiae supra no∣vum Cinnamomum electum cohobatae & ite∣rum distillatae, lb j. Sacchari Albissimi in aqua Melissae soluti & in Electuarium solidum cocti, lb ij. Fiat ex arte Syrupus.	Take two pound of very fine Sugar, and boil them in eight ounces of Balm-water, to the consistence of a solid Electuary, and when it is almost cold, mix it with the Ci∣namon-water, and put up the Syrup in a bottle well-stopp'd.

The Preparation of the Cinamon-water, which is the foundation of this Syrup, is to be seen in the Third Part of this Pharmacopoea, whither I refer the Reader.

Cinamon is the Rind of a tree, as big as an Orange-tree, which grows in the Island of Ceylon in the East-Indies. The branches spred out of the body very streight, thick, in good order, and without knots. They cut those branches from the Trunk, when the

Tree is in sap, and take off the Rind, which is the true Cinamon, which at first is flat, without colour, and having little taste or smell: but as it dries it rolls up like a Parch∣ment, and losing its superfluous moisture, which stifled the best part of its good qua∣lities, recovers its pleasing and penetrating smell, and its no less agreeable and biting taste. The best is of a pale purple brisk colour, smooth within and without, and of a substance indifferently compact. It is not subject to rott'nness, for it will keep a long time, provided it be well put up. The Wood is without any considerable vertue, no more then the Flowers which are white and sweet-scented, and follow'd by a Fruit in shape and bigness much like an Olive, which are full of a green, sharp, bitter-oylie Li¦quor, but little regarded.

The Syrup of Cinamon is a Cordial that operates quickly. It is administred suc∣cessfully in weaknesses and sounding fits, to recall the dissipated Spirits. It very much strengthens the Stomach, and the Brain, and all the Noble-parts. It stirs up the Ap∣petite, helps Digestion, expels Wind, sweetens the Breath, facilitates the Travels of Women, provokes the Menstruums, and remedies Obstructions of the Matrix. You may take from two drams to an ounce, either in a Spoon, or mix'd with Opiates, or other Medicines.

Syrupus Coralliorum.

Syrup of Coral.

℞. Coralliorum rubrorum in subtilissimum pollinem supra Porphyritem redactorum, ℥ iiij. Succi Berberini defacatissimi, lb iij. In Cucurbit•••• vitream immissae in Balneo Cinerum horis quadraginta stent, per vices Spatulâ ligneâ agitando; Deinde filtretur Liquor, & cum Sacchari Candi subtiliter pul∣verati duplo pondere fiat in Balneo Mariae mo∣deratè calido ex arte Syrupus.

Take four ounces of red-Coral well-cho∣sen, break it upon a Porphyrie-stone till it be reduc'd to perfect dust, moistning it now and then with Rose-water. When it is dry, put it into a glass-Cucurbit, and pour upon it three pints of Juice of Bar∣berries well-clarify'd; put the Cucurbit in a Bath of Ashes moderately hot, for forty hours, stirring the Ingredients from time to time with a Woodd'n-Spatula. Then filter the Liquor through a brown-Paper; weigh it, and having return'd it into a glass-Cucurbit very clean, and set the Cucurbit upon a luke-warm Balneo Mariae, dis∣solve in this Liquor double the weight of fine Sugar-candy finely powder'd. When the Syrup is cold put it carefully up in a glass-bottle.

Coral, call'd also Lith••dendron, or the Petrify'd Tree, is tak'n by some for a Mineral, by reason of the hardness of its substance resembling that of stone; but it may pass for a Plant among those that consider how it grows like a Plant in the bottom of the Sea. Nevertheless, we are not to credit those who have affirm'd that Coral fructifies, and brings forth Berries, for which they took the Grains of Coral rounded about. No more then to those that believ'd that Coral was soft in the place where it grows, and that it grows red and hard, when it is tak'n out of the Sea, and expos'd to the Air. For they that fish for it have assur'd me, that it neither bears Berries, nor Seed, and that it is of the same colour, and as hard at the bottom of the Sea in every part of the Plant, as when it is drawn up. I confess there are three sorts of it, red, black, and white; but without question, the red surpasses all the rest in vertue. It must be of a lively colour, pure and clean, solid, weighty, smooth, and easie to break.

The Syrup of Coral is commended against all weaknesses of the Stomach, Liver, and Bowels, and for the cure of Diseases that proceed from thence, particularly to stay Vomitings, Diarrheas, Dysenteries, Lienteries, Hepatic Fluxes, to stop the loss of Blood in Men and Women, at Mouth, Nose, or any other part. The Dose is from half an ounce to an ounce, to be tak'n alone in a spoon, or with other convenient Liquors.

Syrupus Cydoniorum.	Syrup of Quinces.
℞. Succi Cydoniorum purissimi, Succhari Albissimi, ana. ℞ iiij. In vase fictili vitreato, lento igne, ad Sy∣rupi Consistentiam coquantur. Remotus ab igne & semi-refrigeratus Syrupus si libuerit aro∣matizetur Oleorum Cinnamomi & Caryophillo∣rum an. guttii, Saccharo pulverato prius ex∣ceptis.	Take equal parts, viz. four pints of Juice of Quinces well-clarify'd, and four pound of Sugar, and put them together into a pot of glaz'd Earth, and boil them over a soft fire to a good consistence of a Syrup. Then take the Syrup off the fire, and aro∣matize with Oyl of Cinamon and Cloves, ana two drops, incorporated with an ounce of fine powder'd Sugar.

If you would prepare a Syrup with less Juice of Quinces, and by consequence less astringent. You may prepare this Syrup in the same manner as that of Lemons, and put but one pint of Juice of Quinces to two pound of Sugar. But because astriction is chiefly expected from the fore-going Syrup, the quantity of the Juice must be equal to that of the Sugar, according to the prescription. For thereby the Juice finding it self concenter'd and despoil'd of the greatest part of its superfluous moisture in the boil∣ing, which was necessary to bring it to the consistency of a Syrup, renders it more astrin∣gent, and fit for the use to which it is design'd.

The vertues of it being to restore the weakned force of the Stomach, to stay vomi∣ting, to help Digestion, to create an Appetite, to digest bad humours, and to fit them for expulsion. It strengthens the Bowels, and is us'd with success in Lienteries, Diar∣rhoea's, and all sorts of Fluxes of the Belly, caus'd by acrimonious humours, or weak∣ness of the Parts. The usual Dose is an ounce. It may be tak'n alone, or mixt in Poti∣ons, or in a Ptisan to drink at any time.

Syrupus Antepilepticus, D. D. D'Aquin.		Syrup against Epilepsie, D. D. D'Aquin.
℞. Visci Querci		℞. Misletoe of the Oak,
Radicis Paeoniae majoris,		Roots of bigger Piony,
Seminis ejusdem, ana.	℥ ij.	Seed of the same, an.	℥ ij.
Radicis Valerianae majoris,		Roots of the bigger Valerian,
Angelicae,		Angelica,
Imperatoriae,		Masterwort,
Iridis Illyricae,		Illyrian Orrice,
Dictamni Alb. ana.	℥ j.	White Dittany, an.	℥ j.
Foliorum Betonicae,		Leaves of Betony,
Ruta,		Rue,
Florum Lillii convallium,		Flowers of the Lilly Convally,
Tilia, &		Linden-tree, and
Lavendula, an.	M. j.	Lavender, an.	M. j.
Tartari Alb. Monspeliensis pulversati,	℥ jss.	White Tartar of Montpelire pulve∣riz'd.	℥ j ss.

Bruise the Misletoe, as also the Roots and seeds of Piony, beat the Tartar in a Mor∣tar, shred the Leaves of Betony and Rue, and put them together with the Flowers into a Matrass of a sufficient bigness. Then pour upon them three pints of the distill'd Wa∣ter of black-Cheries, and as much of the Water of the Flowers of the Linden-Tree, and stopping up the Matrass keep it twenty-four hours in a luke-warm Balneum Mariae; then let the Bathe boyl two or three hours. After which having drain'd and squeez'd the whole, clarifie the Liquor with the white of an Egg, mixt with four pound of Sugar, and boyl it to the consistency of a Syrup, which done, aromatize it with Oyls of Cinamon and Lavender, an. three drops, and keep the Syrup in a Glass-bottle.

This Syrup is not only proper for the Epilepsie for which it is design'd, but for all Diseases of the Brain. The usual dose is one ounce alone, or in some Cephalic-liquor. It may be mingl'd also in Potions, Opiates, and many other Liquors.

Syrupus Hydragogus, D. D. D'AQUIN.		A Syrup to draw forth watry humours, by Monsieur D'AQUIN.
℞. Radicum Mechoachan,		℞. Roots of Mechoacan,
Ireos Nostratis,		French-Orrice,
Ebuli Recentis,		Vulgar Dwarf-Elder,
Medullae Seminis Carthami,		The Pulp of the Seed of Carthamum,
Folliculorum Sennae Orientalis,		Seed-Bag of Eastern Senna,
Foliorum Soldanellae siccorum, an.	℥ j ss.	Dry-leaves of Sea-Bindweed, ana.	℥ j ss.
Turbith Gummosi,		Gummie-Turbith,
Hermodactylorum,		Hermodactyles,
Jalapae,		Jalap,
Rhei Electi, an.	ʒ vj.	Pick'd Rhubarb, an.	ʒ vj.
Radicum Valerianae major.		Roots of the Bigger Valerian,
Eringii,		Eringo's,
Enulae Campanae,		Elecampane,
Assari,		Asarabacca,
Corticis Rad. Capparis,		The Bark of the Root of Capers,
Tamarisci,		Tamarisk,
Santali Citrini,		Yellow-Saunders,
Seminis Ebuli,		Seed of Dwarf-Elder,
Baccarum Juniperi, an.	℥ ss.	Juniper-Berries, an.	℥ ss.
Foliorum Ceterach,		Leaves of Ceterach,
Agrimoniae,		Agrimonie,
Chamaedryos,		Germander,
Florum Genistae, an.	M. j.	Flowers of Broom, an.	M. j.
Limaturae Chalybisnodulo inclusae,		Filings of Steel ty'd in a Bag,
Tartari alb. Monspel. contusi, an.	℥ ij.	White Montpelier-Tartar, an.	℥ ij.

Break the Yellow-Saunders, bruise the Roots, Barks, Berries and Seeds, beat the Tar∣tar in a Mortar, shred the Senna-bags, put the Filings of Steel in a little Linnen-cloth slightly ty'd, and having put them all into a Cucurbit of Earth well-glaz'd within, mingle the Flowers with the rest. Then pour upon them two pints of Succorie-water, and of the Juices of the Roots of Elder, and Leaves of Chervil well-clarify'd, of each three pints, so that the Ingredients may steep in the Liquors; cover the Cucurbit, and set it over hot embers for four and twenty hours; at the end whereof boil the whole for an hour and a half. Then drain and squeeze them strongly out, and having clarify'd the Liquor with the white of an Egg with 4 pound of fine Sugar, boil it again over a soft fire to the consistency of a Syrup, adding at the end of Tartar-vitrioliz'd and Sal-Po∣lychrestes, ana ℥ ij. When it is cold, aromatize it with three drops of Distill'd-oyl of Cinnamon incorporated with an ounce of fine-powder'd Sugar.

Eastern-Senna is accounted the best; the Leaves are like those of bastard-Senna, but more pointed and longer. The least bruis'd, the freeest from sprigs and dead leaves is always the best: it ought 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be of a pale-green colour, soft to feel, of a strong scent, but not displeasing. The Flowers are small and yellow, like those of Bastard-Senna. The Seed-bags are the Cods, which the Plant produces, flat, light, like a half-Moon, broad and long, about half a finger's breadth, of a pale-green colour inclining to red. They contain the Seed, pale-green, long and flat, resembling a Heart. But the Bags are more purgative then the Leaves, and more proper to purge Waters.

Turbith is the Bark of a Milkie-root, which is chos'n by its weight, dark-colour'd without, white within, and clean from its pith, which is hard and fibrous. The mark of Gum is but fictitious and added to it; for that little Gum that is in it cannot be perceiv'd till the Turbith in powder has been macerated in Spirit of Wine, and so dis∣solv'd and separated from its grosser parts.

Mechoachan is a great and almost insipid Root, of an ash-colour without, whitish within, brought in slices from New-Spain, where it grows in the Island of Mechoacan. The newest is to be chos'n.

A Hermodactyle is a little Root made like a Heart, reddish without and very white within; of a heavy and close Substance, but easily powder'd, about the bigness and somewhat resembling Anacardium, or the Roots of Satyrion: The whitest, fullest grown, and without Worm-holes is to be chos'n.

Jalap grows in New-Spain. A Root about the bigness of Mechoachan. It is brought to us in little round pieces, of which the newest, most weighty, and gummy are the best.

The best Rhubarb is of a firm-wheighty Substance, spotted with red when it is brok'n, of a bitter-astringent taste, and a good scent.

They that will be so curious as to examine the qualities and quantities of all the Sim∣ples prescrib'd by the Chief Physician to his Majesty of France, for the Composition of this Syrup, will have no reason to question the vertue thereof in purging serous humours from all parts of the Body, particularly Hydropical, for the cure whereof it was chiefly study'd.

It may be giv'n alone from one ounce to two in proper Liquor.

Syrupus Anti-Nephriticus, D. D. D'AQUIN.		A Syrup against Gravel, and pains in the Kidneys, by D. D'AQUIN.
℞. Radicum Altheae,		℞. Roots of Althea,
Ononidis,		Rest-Harrow,
Fragariae,		Straw-berries,
Bardanae,		Burdock,
Nymphaeae,		Water-Lilly,
Quinque Aperientium, an.	℥ j ss.	Five Openers, an.	℥ j ss.
Fructuum Alkekengi,		Fruit of Alkekengi,
Cynosbati, an.	℥ iij.	Sweet-Bryer, an.	℥ iij.
Seminum Bardanae,		Seeds of Burdock,
Milii Solis,		Grommel,
Sileris montani,		Lovage,
Quatuor Frig. major mundat.		Four Greater Cold-seeds cleans'd,
Nucleorum Mespillorum & Persicorum, an.	℥ j.	Kernels of Medlars and Peaches, an.	℥ j.
Foliorum Saxifragae,		Leave of Saxifrage,
Pimpinellae,		Pimpernel,
Cerefolii,		Chervile,
Virgae Aureae,		Gold'n-Rod,
Hyperici,		St. John's-wort,
Capilli Veneris, an.	M. j.	Maidenhair,	M. j.
Tart. albi pulverati,	℥ ij.	White Tartar pulveriz'd,	℥ ij.

After you well wash'd and cleans'd all the Roots from their external and internal su∣perfluities, and bruis'd and slic'd them well, put them into an Earth'n-pot glaz'd within∣side, with two ounces of Montpelier-Tartar pulveriz'd; and having pour'd upon them ten pints of the Distill'd-water of Pellitory of the Wall, let them boil over a soft fire for the space of a good hour: After which add to the Decoction the Fruits of Sweet-Bryar and Alkekengi well-cut, and boil them a quarter 〈◊〉〈◊〉 an hour among the Roots; then add to them the Seeds of Burdock, Grommel and Lovage, slightly pounded, and the Leaves of Chervile and St. John's-wort cut. Boil the whole about a quarter of an hour, after which put in the Maidenhair; and having put them down into the Decocti∣on, cover. the Pot, take it off the fire, and when the Decoction is half-cold, drain and squeeze it out. Then clarifie the Liquor with the white of an Egg with four pound of fine Sugar, and boil them over a soft fire to the consistence of a Syrup. When it is cold, aromatize it with six drops of Distill'd-oyl of Anise, incorporated with an ounce of fine-powder'd Sugar, and put up the Syrup in a Bottle well-stopp'd.

The Diuretic vertues particularly known to belong to every one of the Simples made choice of for the Composition of this Syrup, demonstrate the good effects which may be expected from their union. Nor can we otherwise believe but that this Syrup will give considerable ease to those that are troubl'd with Gravel in their Reins, Ureters or Bladder, or any thick or viscous flegm, which stopping the Urinary-pipes, stops the ordinary course of the Water; or to those that are subject to relapse into these Distem∣pers.

For prevention whereof, let them continue the use of this Syrup for several days, taking every morning an ounce in three or four ounces of white-wine. In the pains take from an ounce to two ounces in Emulsions or any other Liquors.

Syrupus de Absinthio.

Syrup of Wormwood.

℞. Summitatum Absinthii majoris Scca∣rum, lb ss. Rosarum rubrarum exungulatarum, Tartari albi Monspeliensis, an. ℥ ij. N••••dis Indicae, ʒ iij. Succi Cydoniorum nondum perfectè matu∣rorum, Vini albi austeri, an. lb iij ss.

℞. The tops of Wormwood gather'd when it is in flower, and dry them, half a pound; red-Roses cleans'd from their white bottoms, two ounces; Indian-Nard three Drachms: put them all into a Vessel of Earth glaz'd within-side, having a narrow mouth, and then adding two ounces of Montpelier-Tartar, pour upon them of the Juices of Quinces not perfectly ripe, and austere white-wine, of each three pints and a half. Then with a woodd'n-Spatula thrust down the Wormwood, Roses and Spikenard into the Liquors, and having cover'd the Vessel, set it upon hot embers for 24 hours. Then boil the Ingredients gently till the Liquors be a third part consum'd. Drain and press out the Decoction, and clarifie it with the white of an Egg and four pound of Sugar, and boil them over a gentle fire to the con∣sistence of a Syrup a little thicker then or∣dinary. Let the Syrup cool, and then mix with it half a Drachm of Oyl of Worm∣wood, incorporated with two ounces of powder'd Sugar; or else with two ounces of the tincture of the tops of Wormwood drawn with the Spirit of Wine. Then keep the Syrup in a Bottle well-stopp'd.

Here give me leave to answer the objections some have made against the preparations of this Syrup. For they say, That in the Decoction of the Wormwood, Roses and Spikenard, their volatile parts dissipate with the spiritous part of the Win••; and that to preserve them, the Infusion and Decoction of this Syrup must be made in a Cucurbit of glass, cover'd with its Head in a Sand-bath, and that the ten first ounces of the Di∣still'd-waters must be kept a-part, as also the two next pints that follow, continuing the Distillation till there remains but one pint of moisture in the Cucurbit. Then, say they, that which remains in the Cucurbit must be prest out, and the Liquor clarify'd and evaporated till it be reduc'd to four ounces; that those 4 ounces must be dissolv'd with 2 pound of Sugar, and the ten ounces of the first Water reserv'd a-part, and that after they have boyl'd a very little while, the Syrup is made: Only the two last pints of the se∣cond Water must be reserv'd to mingle with the Syrup, when occasion requires.

The dissipation of the volatile parts of the Wormwood, Roses, and Spike∣nard with the Wine, seems at first a specious Argument. But upon examina∣tion, we shall sind that the Remedy propos'd is worse then the mischief sought to be prevented, besides the trouble of the Preparation. For, besides that the volatile parts, the loss whereof is so much fear'd, are not such as the design of the Syrup requires, which is principally to strength'n the Stomach, Liver and Bowels, which is the office of the material and grosser parts of Medicaments, and chiefly of their fix'd salt, you shall find a greater dissipation of the good parts in the preparation of these Au∣thors, then in that of the Ancients. For though they keep the first ten ounces of the Distill'd-water; they take away two pints of that which follows next, the vertue whereof is no more to be found in the Syrup. Then again, they dissipate many of the conside∣rable parts by clarifying the rest of the Decoction, and causing it to evaporate to four ounces, whereby it is impossible to concenter the vertues of so many ingredients, espe∣cially for one Syrup. Then the boyling, how soft soever, which afterwards they allow the Syrup to unite the four ounces of the first Water; carries off the most subtle parts

of the Spiritous-water, which they took so much care to preserve. Whereby the defi∣ciency of their Preparation easily appears.

Yet I must confess the Ancients might have done better with less trouble, had they gone according to the prescription here set down. For though we cannot boast by this means to preserve all the Spiritous parts of the Wormwood, Roses and Spike∣nard, no more then those of the Wine; nevertheless a good part are retain'd, and the addition of the Distill'd-oyl of Wormwood sufficiently supplyes the defects of those Spirits which the Wormwood lost in Distillation. Besides all this, the green-sowre∣wine, which we use instead of the ripe-wine prescrib'd by the Ancients, the unripe Quinces, and the Tartar being order'd as we have done, the Acid part which abounds in all these, uniting with the fixt Salt of the Tartar it self, will stop the motion of the greatest part of the volatile Spirits which were subject to dissipation, and enable them to resist the heat of the Infusion and Decoction. And these volatiles thus retain'd, find∣ing themselves joyn'd to the terrestrial and fix'd parts of the other Medicaments, will be able to second and assist their operation: which they will do more powerfully, when they meet with the sulphurie parts of the Distill'd-oyl of Wormwood.

But to satisfie those who believe that all the spiritous part of Wine is absolutely necessary in this Syrup, and fear that the Coction may have dissipated some parts; That dissipation may be supply'd by adding to the Syrup, boyl'd a little more then or∣dinary and cold again, two ounces of the Tincture of the tops of Wormwood, drawn with the Spirit of Wine. Which re-inforc'd by the Oyl, will render the Syrup much more effectual.

If the Greater Wormwood be too bitter, you may may make use of the Lesser for Persons that are more nice, observing still the same Preparation.

Spikenard is brought from the East-Indies. It is a Root that shooteth up many hairy∣spikes set together of a brownish-colour. There is nothing appears above the ground but the stalk, for the spikes grow even with the Earth, about an inch and a half long, of a strong scent, like that of Galingale, the taste whereof is bitter and biting.

Syrup of Wormwood strength'ns the Stomach and Liver, creates an Appetite, helps digestion, kills Worms, corrects the acidities of the Stomach, expels winds, fortifies the Bowels, stops Looseness, and is profitable in Hysteric-distempers. The dose is one or two spoonfuls in a morning fasting, either unmix'd, or in Wine, or any other pro∣per Liquor. It is also us'd in Potions, Opiates, Pills, and several other Medicaments.

Syrupus de Althaea.		Syrup of Marsh-mallows.
℞. Radicum Althaeae,	℥ ij.	℞. Roots of Marsh-mallows,	℥ ij.
Graminis,		Meadow-grass,
Asparagi,		Asparagus,
Glycyrrhizae,		Liquorice,
Ʋvarum passarum,		Raisins of the Sun,
Cicerum rubrorum, an.	℥ j.	Red Cich-pease, an.	℥ j.
Summitatum Althaeae,		Tops of Althea,
Malvae,		French-Mallows,
Parietariae,		Pellitorie of the wall,
Pimpinellae,		Pimpernel,
Adianti vulgaris,		Common Maidenhair,
Capilli Veneris Monspeliensis, an.	M. j.	Monpelier-Maidenhair, an.	M. j.
Quatuor Semin frigid. Minorum, &		Four Lesser Cold-seeds
Majorum, an.	℥ ij.	Greater, an.	℥ ij.

Wash and cleanse the Roots of Althea, Asparagus and Meadow-grass, from their dirt, pith and strings, slice them well; and having boil'd the Grass-roots a good quar∣ter of an hour first in 8 pints of Water, put into the Decoction the slic'd-roots of Al∣thea and Asparagus, and let them boil soundly for half an hour; then add the dry Raisins cut, and the▪ Cich-pease whole; when they have boil'd a little while, put in the tops of the Mallows, Althea, Pellitorie and Pimpernel slightly shred, and boil them about a quarter of an hour among the rest: after that add the Liquorice slic'd, and the Maidenhairs cut, and when they begin to boil, put in the Cold-seeds: thrust them down into the Decoction, and take the whole off the fire, and let them drain a quarter of an hour afterwards. Then clarifie the Liquor with the white of an Egg and four pounds

of Sugar, and let them boil over a moderate fire to the consistence of a Syrup, a little more then ordinary. Stir the Syrup softly from time to time, the better to evaporate the superfluous moisture, and put up the Syrup when it is quite cold.

This Preparation differs from that of Fernelius and some other Writers; the quan∣tity of the Roots and Raisins being here chang'd from half an ounce to an ounce; the Plantain is left out, and eight pints of Water prescrib'd instead of six. All which quantities are too small for four pound of Sugar. And Plantain known to be an astrin∣gent herb, is not to be admitted among opening, slippery-making Roots. And ten pints of Water are but little enough to extract the vertues of so many Medicaments, and yet retain the just consistence of a Syrup.

Some think this Preparation impossible, by reason of the viscosity of most of the par∣ticular Ingredients; but they that observe my method, will find not only the possibility, but the success which they suspect.

The Cich-pease are prescrib'd whole, because their opening quality abounds enough without-side without being brok'n: which if they should be, their terrestrial part be∣ing op'n, might prevail above their aperitive Faculty.

Some would have the Roots, Herbs, and other Ingredients put into a little Bag, and so boil'd, believing their Mucilaginous part would remain in the Bag; by which means the Syrup would be less viscous, and more easily prepar'd. But the difference of the Substances requires different degrees of boiling; and therefore it would be ill-done to boil them one among another equally, whereby the vertue of the one might be dissi∣pated before the vertues of the other were fully imparted to the Liquor: besides that there be others whose terrestial parts would remain in the Syrup, especially the Cich∣pease. And then again, though all the Ingredients were of the same nature, it would be a difficult thing for them, being so stopp'd up, to communicate their vertue equally; which in regard it could not be done otherwise then by squeezing the Ingredients, would render the Syrup more mucilaginous.

Syrup of Althea is very much esteem'd for discharging the Reins and Ureters of gra∣velly-flegmatic and tenacious Substances. For it moderately op'ns and makes all the passages slippery; tempers the shapness of them, as well as of the Urine it self: and cools the heat that burns in the passages. It is no less commended in Diseases of the Brest, and Gonorrhea's. It is to be tak'n fasting, alone, or in Decoctions, Emulsions, Whey, White-wine, &c. The usual dose is an ounce, though you may take two up∣on occasion.

Syrupus Aperiens Cachecticus, D. D. D'Aquin.		A•• Opening Syrup against ill-habit of Body, by Monsieur D'Aquin.
℞. Radicum Apii,		℞. Roots of Parsly,
Foeniculi,		Fennel,
Petroselini,		Stone-Parsly,
Rubiae Tinctorum,		Dyers-Madder,
Aristolochiae tenuis, an.	℥ ij.	Thin-Birthwort, an.	℥ ij.

Wash and cleanse the Roots of Parsly, Fennel, Stone-Parsly, Madder and Birth∣wort, and having bruis'd them and put them into an Earth'n-vessel glaz'd within, with a streight mouth, moist'n them with Vinegar of Squills, and having cover'd the Pot, keep them in maceration 24 hours in some hot place, as over a Baker's Oven; then let them boyl over a gentle fire in eight pints of water, where Steel has been quench'd, to the consumption of the fourth part. Then

℞. Foliorum Arthemisiae,		℞. The Leaves of Mugwort,
Absinthii,		Wormwood,
Agrimoniae,		Agrimonie,
Pulegii,		Penny-royal,
Chamaedryos, an.	M. j.	Germander, an.	M. j.
Rutae,	M ss.	Rue,	M ss.

Shred them and put them in, and when they have boyl'd about a quarter of an hour among the Roots, add thereto

Injice, Epithymi,		Dodder of time,
Florum Matricariae,		Flowers of Featherfew,
Chaemomillae,		Camomile,
Hyperici, an.	P. ij.	St. John's-wort, an. Little Hand∣fulls, ij.

After some few bubblings, take it off the fire, strain and squeeze out the whole; clarifie the straining with five pound of Sugar, and boyl them over a gentle fire to the consistence of a Syrup.

Si purgante•••• cupias,		If you desire it purgative, boyl it still to the consistence of a soft Electuary. Then
℞. Rhabarbari electi minutim incisi,		℞. Choice Rhubarb small cut,
Foliorum Orientalium, an.	℥ ij.	Indian-Leaves, an.	℥ ij.
Radicum Jalapa,		Roots of Jalap,
Mechoachana,		Mechoachan,
Hermodactilorum, &		Hermodactyles, and
Brioniae albae contusarum, an.	℥ j.	White Bryony bruis'd, an.	℥ ij.
Tartari Vitriolati,	ʒ vj.	Tartar-vitrioliz'd,	ʒ vj.

Infuse all these in a Glaz'd-earthen-vessel for four and twenty hours over hot embers in three pints of Balm-water, and let them boyl about a quarter of an hour. Strain and press out the Infusion, and clarifie the Liquor. Then mixe it with the Syrup boyl'd to the consistence of a soft Electuary, and boyl it again to the consistence of a Syrup. When it is cool, aromatize. it with four drops of Oyl of Cinamon incorporated with half an ounce of fine Sugar, or with as much of the Tincture of Saffron; then put it up and stop it well.

This Syrup is a collection of choice Medicaments, which has had good success in opening obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, Mesenterie and Matrix. It purges gently viscous and tenacious humours, which are the original of Cachexies, Dropsies and quo∣tidian Agues. It is very proper to cure pale Complexions, and against suppression or irregularity of the Menstruum's. And though the Chalybeat-water does but a very little matter augment the vertue of the Syrup, yet you may re-inforce it with Tin∣cture, Salt or Vitriol of Mars, if th•••• be occasion.

Either of these Syrups the first or ••••e Purgative, may be tak'n alone, or mix'd with Distill'd waters or White-wine, or any proper Decoction, from one ounce to two.

Syrups de Arthemisia.		Syrup of Mugwort.
℞. Radicum Apii,		℞. Of the Roots of Parsly,
Foeniculi,		Fennel,
Petroselini,		Stone-Parsly,
Enulae Campanae,		Elecampane,
Ireos Nostratis,		French-Orrice,
Paonia, &		Peonie, and
Rubia major, an.	℥ j.	The Bigger Madder, an.	℥ j.
Foliorum Arthemisia,		Leaves of Mugwort,
Pulegis,		Peny-royal,
Calamintha,		Calaminte,
Origani,		Organy,
Melissa,		Balm,
Dictamni Cretici,		Cretan-Dittany,
Sabina,		Savine,
Persicaria,		Arsmart,
Majorana,		Marjoram,
Chamadryos,		Germander,
Chamapityos,		Ground-Ivy,
Hyssopi,		Hyssop,
Hyperici,		St. John's-wort,
Ruta,		Rue,

Matricaria florida,		Double Featherfew,
Centaurii minoris,		Lesser Centaurie,
Betonicae,		Betonie,
Prassii albi, an.	M. j.	White-Horehound, an.	M. j.
Seininum Anisi,		Seed of Annise,
Foeniculi,		Fennel,
Dauci,		Wild-Carrot,
Petroselini,		Stone-Parsley,
Ocymi,		Basil,
Ruta, an.	ʒ iij.	Rue, an.	ʒ iij.
Tartari albi Monspeliensis,	℥ ij.	Tartar white of Montpelier,	℥ ij.

Wash, cleanse and bruise all the Roots, and infuse them with the Tartar pulveriz'd four and twenty hours over hot embers in an Earth'n-glaz'd-vessel well-cover'd, in three pints of clear Hydromel newly made. Cut the Herbs and bruise the Seeds, and put them in another Earth'n-glaz'd-pot by themselves in ten pints of the same Hydromel, covering the Pot and setting it upon hot embers for twelve hours. Then boyl the In∣fusion of the Roots over a gentle fire for half an hour. Having so done, mixe the In∣fusion of the Herbs with it, and boyl both together for a good quarter of an hour. Af∣ter that take the Decoction from the fire, and when it is half-cold, strain and squeeze it well, and having clarify'd the Liquor with the white of an Egg in five pounds of Sugar, boyl them over a moderate fire to the consistence of a Syrup, and aromatize it with six drops of Distill'd-oyl of Cinamon, incorporated with an ounce of fine powder'd Sugar. But this mixture must not be made till the Syrup be quite cold.

Hydromel is preferr'd before Water and the powder'd Tartar added, as well the better to penetrate the Ingredients, as to bind their volatile parts, and to hinder dis∣sipation during the Decoction. The Aromatization of the Syrup with Oyl of Cinamon is beyond the method of the Ancients, who were wont to boyl the Cinamon in their Decoctions, not considering that the sulphurie and volatile parts of the Cinamon dissi∣pate in boyling, and leave in the Decoction only some terrestrial parts of the Ci∣namon, inferior to the smell and sharp and penetrating taste of the Oyl of Cinamon.

The Preparation of this Syrup is different from those which may be met with in se∣veral Pharmacopoeas: But you will find that the change is much for the better, and that I have observ'd the best rules of Pharmacy.

This Syrup is chiefly made use of in the Diseases of Women: to op'n obstructions of the Matrix, to dispel Wind, to repress vapours and to quiet suffocations, as also to provoke and regulate the menstruum's, and evacuate the impurities of the Matrix. It is good against obstructions of the Spleen, Liver and Bowels, as well for Men as Women. The dose is from one ounce to two, alone, or in White-wine, in Open∣ing-waters or Decoctions. It is also sometimes mixt i•• Pills, Opiates and other Me∣dicines.

Syrupus de Cichorio compositus cum Rhabarbaro.		Syrup of Cichorio compounded with Rhubarb.
℞. Hordei integri,		℞. Whole Barley,
Radicum Apii,		Roots of Parsly,
Foeniculi,		Fennel,
Asparagi,		Asparagus,
Tartari albi crudi, an.	℥ ij.	Raw white Tartar, an.	℥ ij.
Foliorum Cichorii,		Leaves of Cichorie,
Taraxaci,		Dandelion,
Endivia,		Endive,
Sonchi Levis,		Smooth Sow-thistle,
Lactuca Sativa; &		Gard'n-Lettice, and
Sylvestris Spinas in dorso ferentis,		Wild-Lettice with prickles,
Hepaticae,		Liverwort,
Fumariae,		Fumitorie,
Lupuli, an.	M. j.	Hopps, an.	M. j.
Capill. Ven. Monspeliensis,		Venus-Hair of Montpelier,
Polytrici,		Gold'n-Maidenhair,

Adianti vulgaris,		Common-Maidenhair,
Ceterach,		Spleenwort,
Glycyrrhiza,		Liquorice,
Baccarum Alkekengi,		Alkekengi-Berries,
Seminis Cuscutae, an.	ʒ vj.	Dodder-seed, an.	ʒ vj.

First boil the Barley whole with the Tartar beat'n to powder in ten pints of Water for half an hour, then adding the Roots of Parsly, Fennel and Asparagus, well-cleans'd from dust and pith, and slic'd or bruis'd, let them boil another half hour; next put in the Alkekengi-Berries bruis'd, and the Herbs cut, and boil them a quarter of an hour among all the rest: After that put in the Liquorice cleans'd and slic'd, the Dodder-seed, and the Maidenhairs, and having let them boil a little while, take the the Decoction from the fire, and when it is half-cold, strain and press it forth. Cla∣rifie it with the white of an Egg with six pound of Sugar, and boil it over a moderate fire to the consistence of a Syrup between soft and solid.

Interim,		In the mean time,
℞. Rhubarbari electi incisi,	℥ vj.	℞. Of choice Rhubarb cut,	℥ vj.
Tartari albi Monspel.	℥ j.	White Tartar of Montpelier,	℥ j.
Spica Narda,	ʒ vj.	Spikenard,	ʒ vj.

Infuse them in three pints of the Distill'd-water of Succorie in an Earth'n-glaz'd-pot, narrow-mouth'd and well cover'd over hot coals for 24 hours; then let them boyl a few bublings, and having strain'd and press'd the whole, and clarify'd the Liquor with the white of an Egg and four ounces of white Sugar, put this to the Syrup, while it is hot; and if it be not then thick enough boyl it on to a good consistence, and put it up when it is quite cold.

Some there are that reserve a part of their Decoction to infuse the Rhubarb and Spikenard into it. But considering that a Liquor charg'd with the vertue of so many Ingredients is not in a condition to receive a new that of the Rhubarb and Spikenard, and that of necessity it must leave a good part in the Sediment, certainly the Succorie∣water here prescrib'd, is much more proper at this time, not being pester'd with any other qualities than what is natural to it.

There is no Syrup more in use in all places then this of Succorie-compos'd: Though by what miscarriage I know not, none of the Pharmacopoea's have yet agreed in the Composition. But this you may be certain is right: and by the way take notice, That the Tartar is added here also for the better penetration of the simples, to impart their vertue to the Water more effectually, and to stop the dissipation of their volatile parts.

The remarquable vertues of this Syrup, have caus'd some to give it the Name of The Balsom of the Liver and Spleen, the obstructions whereof it powerfully op'ns, as also of the Pancreas and Mesenterie. It is recommended against the Jaundice and Cachexies; as also to soft'n and discuss the hardness and swelling of the Belly which happ'ns to little Children through obstructions caus'd by the Worms. It is successfully us'd in Apo∣zems appointed to prepare bad humours for digestion, especially choleric ones, and to open the passages necessary for their evacuation. It is purgative, compounded with Rhubarb, for which reason it is giv'n sometimes alone to little Children, some∣times mix'd with Purgative infusions, especially in Diarrhea's, Lienteries, Dysenteries, and other choleric Distempers that harrass the Intestines. And it has this good qua∣lity, that as it purges the ill humours, it strength'ns all the lower parts of the Belly. The dose is from one ounce to two.

They that desire a simple Syrup of Succorie may prepare it with equal parts of fine Sugar and Juice of Succorie depurated by settlement, clarify'd together with the white of an Egg, and boyl'd to the consistence of a Syrup.

Syrupus Roborans.		A Strength'ning Syrup.
℞. Rhabarbari elect. incisi,	℥ iiij.	℞. Choice Rhubarb cut,	℥ iiij.
Baccarum Myrti contusarum,		Mirtle-berries bruis'd,
Rosarum Rubrarum exungulatarum, an.	℥ iij.	Red-Roses cleans'd, an.	℥ iij.
Tartari Alb. contusi,	℥ j.	White-Tartar bruis'd,	℥ j.

Slice the Rhubarb, bruise the Berries, beat the Tartar in a Mortar, and put them with the Roses cleans'd from their whites, into a Glaz'd-earth'n-pot with a narrow mouth, in six pints of Water wherein Steel has been quench'd. Cover the Pot, and set it over hot embers for 24 hours; then let them boil a little; which done, strain and press the Sediment strongly. Clarifie the Liquor with the white of an Egg and four pound of Sugar, and boil them up over a soft fire to the consistency of a Syrup.

Though the Purgative-vertue of Rhubarb may not seem necessary for the purposes of this Syrup, yet it had been ill-left out; in regard it may, as it were, insensibly evacuate some ill-humours, while it's more terrrestial parts assisted by other Medicaments, for∣tifie the parts that were weaken'd and relax'd. The purpose of the Tartar is the same as before.

This Syrup is highly esteem'd for the strength'ning and restoring the Stomach and Liver debilitated. It is very much us'd in the cure of Diarrheas, Lienteries, Dysen∣teries, and Hepatic-fluxes; it creates an Appetite, and helps Digestion. It is good to help the retentive Faculty of the Stomach, and in losses of Blood. You may take it fasting, alone, or mix'd with proper Liquors. The usual dose is an ounce, which you may enlarge to two.

Syrupus Myrtinus.		Syrup of Myrtle.
℞. Baccarum Myrti,		℞. Myrtle-Berries,
Mespillorum ad maturitatem vergentium, &		Medlars near ripe, and
Radicis Symphiti majoris, an.	℥ iiij.	Root of Greater Cumfrey, an.	℥ iiij.
Suntali Citrini,		Yellow-Saunders,
Fructuum Oxyacanthae recentium,		Fresh-Barberies,
Granorum Sumach,		Seeds of Sumach,
Balaustiorum, &		Double Flowers of wild-Pome-granates, And
Rosarum rubrarum mundatar. an.	℥ ij.	Red-Roses clean pick'd, an.	℥ ij.

Take the Myrtle-Berries dry, the Medlars when they are almost ripe, bruise them well, as also the Sumach-seeds, the Barberries, the Pome-granate flowers, the Yellow-Saunders, and the Roots of great Confrey, and putting them all together with the Roses clean-pickt into an Earth'n-glaz'd-pot; pour upon them three pints of fair Wa∣ter, and of the Juice of Quinces and wild-Pears, of each two pints. Thrust down the Ingredients into the Liquors, cover the Pot and set it four and twenty hours upon hot embers, at the end whereof boyl the Infusion a good quarter of an hour, and when it is half-cold, strain and squeeze it strongly out; and having clarify'd the Liquor with the white of an Egg with five pound of the finest Sugar, boyl them over a moderate fire to the consistence of a Syrup.

Syrup of Myrtles cools, dries and binds, for which reason it is successfully made use of to stay thin Defluxions upon the Lungs, and to stop the coughing which pro∣ceeds from thence. It is also very proper to stay Loosenesses, Spitting and vomiting of Blood, and all other internal Haimorraghia's. It stops the excessive flowings of the menstruum's, and all want of retention in the Stomach and Bowels. It is highly esteem'd for the cooling of Inflammations, and healing Ulcers of the Mouth, Tongue or Throat. It is tak'n alone from one ounce to two, or else in Distill'd-waters or pro∣per Decoctions.

Syrupus Jujubinus.		Syrup of Jujubs.
℞. Jujubas,	No. lx.	℞. Jujubs,	No. lx.
Hordei mundati,		Barley pickt,
Glycyrrhizae,		Liquorice,
Capilli Veneris Monspel. an.	℥ j.	Venus-Hair of Montpelier, an.	℥ j.
Violarum recentium,	M. j.	Fresh-Violets,	M. j.
Seminum Malvae,		Seeds of Mallows,
Cydoniorum,		Quinces,
Papaveris albi,		White-Poppie,
Melonis,		Of Melon,
Lactuca, an.	ʒ iij.	Of Lettice, an.	ʒ iij.

Put the pickt Barley with six pints of Water into an Earth'n-glaz'd-pot, and let it boyl over a gentle fire for a good half hour; then put in the Jububs slic'd, and let them boyl a good quarter of an hour; then add the Liquorice scrap'd and bruis'd, the Venus-Hair cut, and the Seeds bruis'd, and let them bubble a while. Then add the fresh-Violets, thrusting them down into the Decoction, at the same time taking off the Pot from the fire; and when the Decoction is somewhat cool, strain it, and having clari∣fy'd the Liquor with the white of an Egg with three pound of fine Sugar, boyl it over a gentle-fire to the consistence of a Syrup.

Should the Decoction of the Ingredients prescrib'd for the making of this Syrup be made without regard had to the viscosity of the Seeds, and without following exactly the order to be observ'd in the boyling, it would be so clammy that the Syrup could never keep long. Much less would it keep, and much more irregular would the con∣sistence be, if as the Ancients did, you should add Gum-Tragacanth. For two drams of that Gum were enough to make it as thick as a Loohc, and keep it from being trans∣parent. But observing my method, the vertue which is requir'd in the Ingredients, will not fail to remain in the Syrup, and the consistence will be proper.

Syrup of Jujubs is chiefly made use of for Persons that are troubl'd with a dry cough, and are troubl'd with hot and thin Defluxions upon the Aspera Arteria or Rough Ar∣terie, or upon the Lungs; for it thick'ns thin flegm, and qualifies the acrimonie thereof, and helps to expectorate. It is tak'n from half an ounce to an ounce, alone, or else in Pectoral-Ptisanes, Juleps, Apozems, or mix'd with Looches.

Syrupus Florum Tussilaginis Simplex.		Simple Syrup of Flowers of Colts-foot.
℞. Florum Tussilaginis recentium,	lb j ss.	℞. Fresh Flowers of Colts-foot,	lb j ss.

Put the Flowers into an Earth'n-pot glaz'd within, having a streight mouth; and covering the Pot, set it upon hot cinders for twelve hours, at the end whereof give the Infusion some few bubling-boilings, strain it and press it out. Then putting the like quantity of fresh Colts foot Flowers into the same Pot, pour upon them the strain'd Liquor. Cover the Pot and set it upon the hot embers, as long as before; then letting the Infusion boyl a little, strain it, squeeze it, and clarifie the Liquor with the white of an Egg with four pound of fine Sugar, and let it boyl over a soft fire to the consistence of a Syrup.

The Syrup of Flowers of Colts-foot is highly extoll'd to cut and loos'n tough-flegm from the rough Artery and Lungs, for which reason it gives great ease to those that are Asthmatic, and such as cannot freely breath. It is tak'n alone by intervals fasting, from two drams to half an ounce. It is also mix'd in Looches, and Pectoral Ptisanes.

Syrupus de Tussilagine Compositus.		Compound Syrup of Colts-foot.
℞. Radicum Tussilaginis,	lb ss.	℞. Roots of Colts-foot,	lb ss.
Foliorum & florum ejusdem, an.	M. iiij.	Leaves and Flowers of the same, an.	M. iiij.
Capilli Veneris Monspel.	M. ij.	Montpelier Venus-Hair,	M. ij.
Glycyrrhizae.	℥ j.	Liquorice,	℥ j.
Aqua Fontanae,	lb viij.	Fountain-water,	lb viij.

Gather the Roots toward the end of Winter, the same Flowers and Leaves, when they are shot forth. Dry the Roots and Flowers, and keep them till the Leaves are ready. Then bruise the Roots well, and boil them for half an hour in eight pints of Fountain-water. Then adding the Leaves cut, let them boil a quarter of an hour with the Roots. Then put in the Liquorice scrap'd and bruis'd, the Venus-hair cut, and the Flowers. Give them a gentle boiling, and at the same time take off the Decoction from the fire. Strain it and press it when it is a little cool. And having clarify'd the Li∣quor with the white of an Egg with five pound of the finest Sugar, boil it to the con∣sistency of a Syrup, a little thicker then ordinary, by reason of the viscosity of the Colts-foot.

The different substance of the Ingredients that compound this substance, require different spaces of b••••ling: so that we cannot either infuse or boil them all together at the same time, unless we should despise the principal rules of Pharmacy, which teach us to begin our Decoctions and Infusions with the most solid Medicaments.

The same vertues may be attributed to this Syrup, as to the former; only we may believe that it acts with more force, by the Conjunction of the Roots and Leaves of Colts-foot, the Liquorice, and the Maiden-hair. But in lieu of that, it is somewhat more unpleasant. The Dose and use is much the same.

Syrupus Antiasthmaticus, D. D. D'AQUIN.		An Anti-Asthmatic Syrup of Monsieur D' AQUIN.
℞. Hordei Mundati,	℥ ij	℞. Pickt Barley,	℥ ij.
Radicum Petasitidis,		Roots of Butter-Bur,
Enulae Campana,		Elecampane,
Apii		Parsley,
Faeniculi		Fennel,
Liquoritiae, &		Liquorice, and
Ʋvarum Damascenarum Mundatarum, an.	℥ j ss.	The best and biggest sort of Rai∣sins of the Sun, an.	℥ j ss.
Dactylos Enucleatos	No. xij.	Ston'd Dates,	No. xij.
Jujubas,		Jujubs,
Sebesten, ana.	No. xxx.	Sebestens, an.	No. xxx.
Foliorum Tussilaginis,		Leaves of Colts-foot,
Pulmonaria,		Lungwort,
Summitatum Hyssopi,		Tops of Hysop,
Prassii Albi,		White Hore-hound,
Capill. ven. Monspel. an.	M. j.	Montpelier Maiden-hair, an.	M. j.
Seminum Anisi,		Seeds of Anise,
Bombacis, an.	℥ ss.	Cotton-Tree, an.	℥ ss.
Florum Tussilaginis,		Flowers of Colts-foot,
Pedis cati. an.	M. ss.	Cats-foot, an.	M. ss.

Boyl the pickt Barley half an hour in nine pints of Water, then adding the Roots cleans'd and cut, boil them half an hour longer: next put the Dates ston'd and cut, with the Jujubs, Sebestens, and Raisins ston'd, and having boyl'd them among the rest, for a quarter of an hour, put in the Herbs shred, and let them boil another quarter; add then the Liquorice and Seeds bruis'd, the Maiden-hair and Flowers, and after some few bublings, take the decoction from the fire. Strain it being somewhat cool'd. Then cla∣rifie the Liquor with the white of an Egg and five pound of fine Sugar, and boil it over a gentle fire to the consistence of a Syrup.

This Syrup is very proper to cut and loosen cold, viscous and tough flegm, from all the parts serving to respiration. It principally helps those that are Asthmatick, and those that are troubled with inveterate Coughs, for it opens the passages and removes the flegm that stops them. It may be call'd the Balsom of the Brest, and particularly for old Men. Take a spoonful at a time every foot by night or day, so that you may be said to be fasting, and continue it as occasion requires.

Syrupus Resumptivus, sive de Testu∣dinibus.		The Resumptive Syrup, or Syrup of Tortoises.
℞. Carnis Testudinum Nemoralium,	lb j.	℞. Of the flesh of Wood-Tortoises,	lb j.
Cancrorum fluviatilium	℥ viij.	River-Crabs,	℥ viij.
Hordei Mundati,		Pickt Barley,
Carnis Dactylorum &		Pulp of Dates, and the
Passularum Damascenarum, an.	℥ ij.	Fairest largest Raisins of the Sun, an.	℥ ij.
Jujubas &		Jujubs,
Sebesten, an.	No. xij.	Sebesten, an.	No. xij.
Glycyrrhizae rasae & contusae,	℥ j.	Liquorice scrap'd and bruis'd,	℥ j.
Nucleorum Pineorum,		Pine-Kernels,
Pistaciarum Mundatarum,		Pistaches cleans'd,
Seminis Bombacis,		Seed of the Cotton-Tree,
Melonis,		Melon,
Cucumeris,		Cucumber,
Citrulli,		Citrulls,
Florum Nymphaeae, &		Flowers of Water-Lilly, and
Violarum, an.	℥ ss.	Violets, an.	℥ ss.
Seminum Lactucae,		Seeds of. Lettice,
Papaveris Albi, an.	ʒ ij.	White-Poppy, an.	ʒ ij.

Take the flesh of Wood-Tortoises, parted from the Bones, the Skin, and the Entrails, and the River-Crabs; put them into a glaz'd Earth'n-Pot, with two ounces of pickt Barley. Pour upon them six pints of Fountain-water, and having cover'd the Pot, boil the whole over a gentle fire for two hours. Then add the Fruits cleans'd and cut, and boil them with the rest for a quarter of an hour. After which, put in the Pine-kernels, the Pistache's, and the Seeds bruis'd, next to them the Liquorice and the flowers of Nymphaea, and lastly, the Violets; and having given them some few Bublings, take the Pot from the fire, and when the Decoction is somewhat cool, strain and clarifie it with the white of an Egg and three pound of Sugar. Then boil it to the consistency of a Syrup. And when it is cold aromatize it with six drops of Oyl of Anniseed, incorpo∣rated with an ounce of fine powder'd Sugar.

This Syrup is not so much in use; whether it is for the difficulty of getting Wood-Tortoises, or for the aversion that several sick people have to those sort of Animals; or else for that it will not keep long: as being only to be prepar'd upon occasion and for particular Patients.

However, the vertues of it are very considerable to restore strength to Persons wast∣ed, and extenuated by long sickness: It helps the Ptisical, and those that labour under a Marasmus, for it moist'ns, and cools, and extinguishes preter-natural heat. It is to be taken between Meals in a spoon, from half an ounce to an ounce, continuing the use of it for a good while and often. It may be also mix'd in Juleps or Emulsions.

Syrupus Nymphaeae.	Syrup of Water-Lillies.
℞. Florum mediorum Albissinorum Nymphaeae, lb ij	℞. The middle whitest flowers of Water-Lillies. lb ij.

Take only the white part of the Flowers of Nymphaea, and weigh out two pound, and having put them into an Earth'n-pot glaz'd within, with a narrow mouth, pour upon them nine pints of boiling Water; thrust the Flowers down into the Water, and ha∣ving cover'd the pot, set it upon hot embers for twenty four hours: then letting the in∣fusion buble a-while, strain it out, and pour it hot upon the same quantity of fresh Flow∣ers of Nymphaeae, put into the same pot; and having cover'd it, repeat the same infusion, boyling and straining; then clarifie the Liquor with the white of an Egg, and four pound of Sugar, and boil it to the consistence of a Syrup, adding at the latter end of the boyling four ounces of clarify'd Juice of Granates. This Syrup may be a little better boyl'd then ordinary to prevent the viscosity of the infusion from spoiling the Syrup.

Syrup of Water-Lillies cools and moistens very much, for which reason the use of it is very proper, as well in continu'd as intermitting Fevers. It qualifies the boiling of the choler, and appeases the pains that proceed from thence, particularly those of the Head. It quenches thirst and allays Venereal desire. It provokes a soft sleep, and is good against the heat of the Reins, and Genitals. It thick'ns the humours, and takes away their acrimony. It may be tak'n alone from half an ounce, to an ounce and a half. But usually it is mix'd with distill'd waters, Emulsions, or in Decoctions, like a Julep.

Syrupus Papaveris Albi.	Syrup of white-Poppies.
℞. Capitum Papaveris Albi ad maturita∣tem vergentium, sed adhuc virentium in∣cisorum, lb iiij.	℞. Of the heads of White-Poppies enclining to ripeness, but yet green, and cut, lb iiij.
Capitum papaveris Nigri ejusdem maturi∣tatie. lb ij.	Heads of Black-Poppies of the same ripeness, lb ij.

Gather the heads of both the Poppies before they be ripe. Throw away the tail, and the small Crown upon the top of every head. Cut them, and put them into an Earth'n-pot glaz'd within, and pour upon them fifteen pints of boiling water, cover the pot, and set it upon the hot Embers for four and twenty hours, then having boyl'd them a quarter of an hour, strain and press them out; Clarifie the Liquor with the white of an Egg, and six pound of fine Sugar, and boil it to the consistence of a Syrup.

The use of Syrup of white-Poppy is very frequent, being very proper to ease pains and stay defluxions, which interrupt sleep. It takes away the acrimony of the hu∣mours; and by insensible transpiration expels thin, sharp, and corroding humours. It mortifies acids, stops the violence of Coughing, allays the motion of Flegm, and gives great help to those that spit blood. The Dose is from half an ounce to an ounce in proper Liquors.

This Syrup is to be in every thing preferr'd before the Diacodium of the Ancients.

Syrupus Papaveris Rhaeados.	Syrup of wild-Poppy, or Corn-Rose.
℞. Florum Papaveris Rheaedos recentium, lb j.	℞. Flowers of wild-Poppy, new-ga∣ther'd, lb j.

Put them into a glaz'd Earth'n-pot, and pour upon them four pints of boyling foun∣tain-water, cover the pot and set it for 6 hours over hot embers; then having caus'd them to boyl a little while, strain and press them, and pour the liquor upon the same quantity of Poppy-Flowers put into the same Vessel; let them macerate and boyl as before; then strain and press them again, and having clarify'd the Liquor with the white of an Egg, with four pound of Sugar, boyl it up to a Syrup somewhat thicker then ordinary, by reason of the excess of superfluous moisture in the Flowers of red-Poppy.

The Syrup of the Flowers of red-Poppy, is commended in Diseases of the Brest, more especially in Pleurisies, chiefly where sharp, acrimonious, and thin humours are to be staid and carry'd off. It hinders the coagulation of the blood, it assists expecto∣ration, expels choler by transpiration, and causes sleep. The Dose is from half an ounce to an ounce, or an ounce and a half at most, either alone, or in distill'd-Waters, Decoctions, or mix'd with other Syrups.

Syrupus de Rosis siccis.	Syrup of dry Roses.
℞. Rosarum Rubrarum exungulatarum siccarum, lb j.	℞. Red Rose-buds pick'd and cleans'd from their white bottoms and dry'd, lb j.

Put them into a glaz'd Earth'n-pot, and pour upon them six pints of boiling foun∣tain-water, cover the pot, and keep it upon the hot ashes one or two hours, and having

giv'n the infusion two or three bublings, strain and press it forth. Clarifie the Liquor with the white of an Egg, and four pound of fine Sugar, and boyl it to the consistency of a Syrup, adding toward the end one dram of Spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol.

Syrup of dry-Roses fortifies the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, and Bowels. It stays Vo∣miting, and all want of retention upwards or downwards. It is also very proper to stay defluxions that fall upon the Brest, to cleanse and heal little Ulcers in the Mouth and Throat, and to stop internal Bleedings. The Dose is from half an ounce to an ounce, ei∣ther alone, or in Gargarisms, Juleps, or common drink.

Syrupus Florum Tunicae sive Caryo∣phillorum hortensium.	Syrup of Clove-gillow∣flowers.
℞. Florum Caryophillorum hortensium pur∣pureorum mundatorum. lb iij.	℞. Clove-gillow-flowers pick'd and cleans'd, lb iij.

Take only the red part of the body of the Clove-gillow-flower, cutting off the white bottom with a pair of Scissors; Weigh out three pound of the Flowers thus cleans'd, and having put them into a Vessel of Earth glaz'd within, with a streight mouth, pour upon them nine pints of boyling Fountain-water. Thrust down the Flowers with a Woodd'n Spatula; cover the Pot and set it upon the hot embers for six hours, at the end whereof let the infusion boyl a little, then strain and press the Flowers, and pour the hot Liquor upon the same quantity of fresh Flowers, put into the same Vessel. Mace∣rate, boil, strain, and press them as before. Then clarifie the Liquor with the white of an Egg, with six pound of fine Sugar, and boyl it in the same Vessel over a gentle fire to the consistence of a Syrup.

Syrup of Gillow-flowers is as odoriferous as pleasing to the taste. It is very good to strength'n the Heart, Brain, and all the noble parts. For which reason it is highly com∣mended against the Palpitations and Faintings of the Heart, weaknesses of the Stomach, Pestilential Air, Malignant Fevers, and Epidemic Diseases; as also to quick'n the Spi∣rits, and strength'n the Memory. It may be tak'n in several Liquors, or in your usual Drink, or mix'd with Opiates, and several other Medicines. The Dose is from half an ounce to an ounce.

Syrupus Melissophylli Compositus.		Compound Syrup of Balm.
℞. Radicum Scorzonerae,		℞. Roots of Vipers-grass,
Dictamni Albi,		White Dittany,
Buglossi,		Bugloss,
Pentaphylli, mundatarum, an.	℥ ij.	Cinque-foil well-pickt, an.	℥ ij.
Tartari Albi pulverati,	℥ j ss.	White Tartar pulveriz'd,	℥ j ss.
Foliorum Melissae recentis,	M. iij.	Leaves of fresh Balm,	M. iij.
Menthae,		Mint,
Scabiosa,		Scabious,
Succisae, an.	M. j.	Devil's bit,	an. M. j.
Seminum Citri,		Seeds of Citron,
Ocymi,		Basil,
Oxalidis, &		Sorrel, and
Cardui Benedict. an.	ʒ iij.	Carduus Benedictus,	an. ʒ iij.

Cleanse the Roots, and having bruis'd them in a Marble-Mortar, put them together with the white-Tartar into a glaz'd Earth'n-Vessel, in eight pints of Fountain Water▪ and let them boyl gently for a good half hour; then add the herbs cut, and the seeds bruis'd, and let them boyl a good quarter of an hour with the Roots. After that, strain and press out the liquor, clarifie it with the white of an Egg, with half a pint of Juice of Balm, and four pound of fine Sugar, and boyl it to a Syrup. When it is cold aromatize it with four drops of distill'd Oyl of Balm, or with Oyls of Citron, and Orange-peels, ana Gut. ij. incorporated with fine powder'd Sugar.

The several parts of Plants so judiciously elected that makes up the composition of this Syrup, evidently demonstrate its efficacy to strength'n the Heart, and to defend it, as well as the rest of the Noble Parts against Pestilential Air, and Diseases. It pre∣vents

the putrefaction of the humours, keeps them from engendring. It cherishes the the Natural heat, creates an Appetite and helps Digestion. The dose is from half an ounce to an ounce, either alone or mixt with Potions, Opiates or other Medicines.

Syrupus de Stoechade correctus.		Syrup of Cassidonie correct.
℞. Florum Stoechadis Arabicae siccorum,	℥ iiij.	℞. Drie Flowers of Arabian-Cassidonie,	℥ iiij.
Summit. sicc. Betonicae,		Drie tops of Betonie,
Salviae,		Sage,
Thymi,		Thime,
Calaminthae, an.	℥ j ss.	Calamint, an.	℥ j ss.
Florum Calendulae,		Flowers of Marigolds,
Rorismarini,		Rosemary,
Lavendulae, &		Lavender,
Lillii convallium, an.	℥ j.	Lilly of the Vallies, an.	℥ j.
Seminum Rutae,		Seeds of Rue,
Paeoniae,		Peonie,
Dauci Cretici, an.	℥ ss.	Cretan Wild-carrot, an.	℥ ss.
Tartari albi pulverati,	℥ j.	White Tartar pulveriz'd,	℥ j.

Cut the Herbs, bruise the Seeds, beat the Tartar in a mortar; and having mix'd them with the Flowers and put them into a glass-Cucurbit, pour upon them four Pints of good Spanish-Wine, and as much of the distill'd-water of flowers of the Tilet-tree. Fit an Alembic to the Cucurbit, and a small Recipient to the Beak of the Alembic, all well-luted. Let the Ingredients macerate cold for four and twenty hours. Then place the Cucurbit in a Sand-Bath, and with a moderate fire draw forth by Distillation 2 Pints of Sulphurie-Aromatic-Water, and put it up in a Vessel well-stopp'd. After that, let the Vessels cool, and having unluted the Alembic, strain and press out all that re∣mains in the Cucurbit; and having clarify'd the Liquor with the white of an Egg with four pound of fine Sugar, boyl it over a gentle-fire to the consistence of a solid Ele∣ctuary: and when it is almost cold, mix and incorporate with it the two Pints of re∣serv'd Aromatic-distill'd-water, together with distill'd Oyls of Rosemary, Lavender, Cinnamon and Cloves, of each two drops mix'd with an ounce and a half of fine∣powder'd Sugar, and put it up in a Glass-bottle well-stopp'd.

The addition of some Cephalics, and of certain distill'd Oyls instead of some Aro∣matics, the leaving out the drie Raisins, and the new way of Preparing this, may per∣haps surprise those who had rather err with the Ancients, then either to seek for, or follow a better method.

But certainly this Method must be approv'd by those who shall take the pains to compare this Preparation with those which are to be found in several Dispensatories.

For they shall find here no Ingredients but what are proper to second the intention for which they are prescrib'd, and whose vertues could not be better embody'd toge∣ther then by this Preparation. I say they must acknowledg, That the most effectual vertues of the parts of Plants here prescrib'd, consisting of a volatile Sulphur, there was no better way to separate them then by Distillation, while that which is more fix'd, is incorporated in the liquor that remains at the bottom of the Cucurbit. So that by this Preparation all the pure parts of the Ingredients, as well fix'd as volatile, are united to∣gether, and embody'd in the Syrup.

Syrup of Cassidonie is very proper to fortifie the Brain, Stomach, and all the Noble parts. It is chiefly made use of in Apoplexies, Palsies, Epilepsies, and other cold Diseases of the Brain. It attenuates thick humours, cuts and loos'ns clammy and vis∣cous flegm: op'ns obstructions, especially of the Brain: by little and little it con∣sumes cold Rhumes; it heats and strength'ns the cold parts, and gives great ease to those that are troubl'd with the Asthma's. The dose is usually from half an ounce to an ounce, alone or mix'd with proper Liquors.

Syrupus Lientericus D. D. D'AQUIN.		A Syrup against the Lientery, by Mon∣sieur D'AQUIN.
℞. Summitat. Absinthii Majoris,		℞. The tops of the bigger Wormwood,
Rosarum Rubrarum Exungulatar. an.	M. iij.	Red-roses pickt, an.	M. iij.
Limaturae Chalybis Nodulo inclusae,	℥ ij.	Filings of Steel ty'd up in a little cloth,	℥ ij.
Rhei Elect. &		Chosen Rhubarb, and
Corticis Myrobalanorum Citrinorum, an.	℥ j ss	Rind of yellow-Mirobalans, an.	℥ i ss.
Tartari Alb. pulverati,	℥ j.	White-Tartar pulveriz'd,	℥ j.
Santali rubri contusi,	℥ ss.	Red Saunders bruis'd,	℥ ss.

Bruise the Wormwood, cut the Rhubarb, red-Saunders, and the bark of the Miro∣balans, and loosely tye up the filings of steel. Then put the whole into an Earth'n-pot glaz'd within, with a streight mouth; and having pour'd upon them three pints of the Juice of Plantain, and as much of the Juice of Roses, cover the pot, and set it upon hot embers for four and twenty hours. After which, boyl the whole over a little fire, for a good quarter of an hour; then strain and press out the Liquor, clarifie it with four pound of good Sugar, and boyl it to the consistency of a Syrup.

This Syrup is very powerful to stay Lienteries, for which purpose it is particularly prescrib'd. It strengthens the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, and all the Bowels. So that it is proper against all defects of the retentive faculty, either upward or downward, and against all Diseases that proceed from feebleness of the Bowels. It qualifies the acri∣mony of the humours, and stops internal Fluxes of Blood. The Dose is from half an ounce to an ounce and a half, alone or mix'd in proper Liquors, and may be taken se∣veral days together if occasion require.

Syrupus Chalybeatus Aperiens Ca∣tharticus D. D. D'AQƲIN.		A Chalybeat opening purging Syrup of Monsieur D'AQUIN.
℞. Limaturae Chalybis in Nodulo laxo & su∣spenso ligatae,	℥ vj.	℞. Filings of steel ty'd in a loose hanging knot,	℥ vj.
Radicum Foeniculi,		Roots of Fennel,
Ciehorei, &		Succory, and
Rubiae Tinctorum, an.	℥ iij.	Dyers-Madder, an.	℥ iij.
Tartari Albi contusi,	℥ ij.	White Tartar bruis'd,	℥ ij.

Cleanse and bruise the Roots, beat the Tartar in a Mortar, and put them together in∣to an Earth'n-pot glaz'd within, with a streight mouth, and let the steel hang down, ty'd in a linnen-cloth. Then pour upon them nine pints of boyling-water, wherein a good piece of red-hot steel had been quenched seven times at least, and covering the pot, set it upon the hot embers for twelve hours; which done, let them boyl for a whole hour.

Addetisque,	Then add,
Foliorum Rutae,	Leaves of Rue,
Rumicis,	Pointed-docks,
Lupuli,	Hops,
Agrimoniae, &	Agrimony, and,
Capill. Ven. Monspeliensis, an. M. iij.	Maiden-hair of Montpelier, an. M iij.

Boil the whole again to the consumption of the third part, strain and press them and keep the straining.

Interim,		In the mean while,
℞. Foliorum, Sennae Orientalis mundato∣rum,	℥ vi.	Take Leaves of Eastern Senna well∣pickt,	℥ vj.
Seminis Carthami contusi,	℥ iiij.	Seed of Spanish Saffron bruis'd,	℥ iiij.
Tartari Vitriolati,	℥ j.	Tartar Vitrioliz'd,	℥ j.

Macerate them apart in another Vessel for twelve hours, in four pints of steel-water, pour'd boyling hot into the Vessel. Then give them a gentle boyling, and strain and press out the Liquor. Clarifie this Liquor with the white of an Egg, and half a pound of Sugar, and set this clarify'd Liquor by it self. Then clarifie the Liquor of the first De∣coction with the white of an Egg, with six pound of fine Sugar, and boyl it to the con∣sistence of a solid Electuary. At which time, add the purgative infusion clarify'd and boil it to a good consistency of a Syrup. Which being cool may be aromatiz'd with six drops of Oyl of Cinamon, incorporated with an ounce of fine Sugar.

They that will be careful to prepare this Syrup, and make trial of its virtues, will ac∣knowledge that it was not without reason, that his Majesty's first Physician commanded me to insert the Receipt into this Pharmacopoea.

This Syrup is very proper to open Obstructions of the Spleen, Liver, Mesentery, and Pancreas, as also those of the Matrix, and to loosen and carry off the viscous and tartarous matters, that caus'd the Obstructions. It is made use of with success to cure Cachexies, Dropsies, retentions of the Menstruums, and the Jaundies. The Dose is from half an ounce to two ounces, giv'n alone, or mix'd with proper Liquors.

Syrupus Anti-Scorbuticus, D. D. D'AQUIN.		An Anti-Scorbutic Syrup of Monsieur D'AQUIN.
℞. Radicum Filicis Maris,		℞. Roots of Male-fern,
Angelicae,		Angelica,
Eringii,		Eringo's,
Raphani Rusticani, an.	℥ iij.	Horse-radish, an.	℥ iij.
Corticum Citri,		Peels of Citron,
Aurantiorum, an.	℥ ij.	Oranges, an.	℥ ij.
Foliorum Melissae,		Leaves of Balm,
Fumariae,		Fumitory,
Scolopendrii,		Spleenwort,
Cocleariae,		Scurvy-grass,
Becabungae,		Brook-lime,
Nasturtici Aquatici,		Water-cresses,
Nummulariae,		Money-wort,
Mentae, an.	M. iij.	Mint, an.	M. iij.
Seminum Nasturtii hortens.		Seeds of Gard'n-Cresses,
Cardui Benedicti,		Carduus Benedictus,
Citri, an.	℥ j.	Citron, an.	℥ j.
Florum Tunicae &		Clove-gillow-flowers,
Genistae, an.	M. j.	Broom-flowers, an.	M. j.
Tartari Alb. contusi,	℥ ij.	White-Tartar beaten,	℥ ij.

Bruise the Roots, and boyl them over a soft fire, with the Tartar powder'd, in nine pints of steel'd-water. Add then the Herbs cut, and the Seeds bruis'd, and let them boyl all together for half an hour, then put in the flowers, and having thrust them down into the Decoction, take it off from the Fire, and strain and press out the Ingredients when they are half-cold. Clarifie the Liquor with the white of an Egg, and six pound of fine Sugar, and boyl it up to the consistence of a Syrup. When it is quite cold, aroma∣tize it with three drops of Oyl of Cinamon, and as much Oyl of Cloves incorporated with an ounce of fine-powder'd Sugar.

The little skill which the Ancients had in Scorbutic Diseases, is the reason that speci∣fick Remedies for those Diseases are so rare in Dispensatories, and that several Physici∣ans find them so difficult to cure. For which reason his Majesty's chief Physician thought fit to communicate to the World this Receipt, the Ingredients whereof being as exactly

chos'n as dos'd, cannot but produce good effects, as well for the ease as for the cure of these Distempers, which are very frequent in the Northern Countries, especially in Sea-Towns.

This Syrup effectually purifies the Mass of the Blood, quick'ns its circulation, encreases the spirits that enliv'n it, to the want or numness whereof, we have good reason to at∣tribute all the symptomes that accompany Scorbutic Diseases. And because these Di∣stempers are a long time a-growing, and for that the whole Mass of the Blood is in∣fected, it will not be amiss to continue the use of this Syrup, not only to get the upper hand of the Distemper, but to prevent its return. You may take one or two spoon∣fuls at a time, Evening and Morning, and also between Meals.

Syrupus Violatus Violaceus.	Syrup of Violets Violetted.
℞. Florum Violarum recentium emundato∣rum, lb iiij.	Take four pound of Violets deep-co∣lour'd, newly gather'd and very clean.

Put them without bruising into a fine tin-vessel large and deep enough, with a fit cover, and pour upon them three pints of boyling Fountain-water, * 1.1 Paris-measure; let the flowers soak well in the water, and ha∣ving cover'd the Vessel, set it six hours in a warm Balneum Mariae, and then strain and squeeze the Infusion strongly, and pour it hot upon four pound of fresh Violets, put in clean into the same Vessel, cover'd and kept as long in Balneo Mariae as before. Strain and squeeze the infusion, and you shall have a tincture altogether Violetted, charg'd equally both with the colour, smell, taste, and vir∣tues of the Violets. Put this tincture into a Bason of fine Tin, large and deep, and set the Bason over a moderate fire, with double the weight of fine Sugar in powder, stir the whole with a Woodd'n-spatula, till all the Sugar be dissolv'd, and continue the Ba∣son upon the fire, till the Syrup has only boyl'd two or three simpers. Take the Bason off the fire, and when the Syrup is quite cold, scum it, and put it up.

For the better keeping of it, cover the top of it, with fine-powder Sugar, which with the superficial moisture of the Syrup will make a kind of a crust that will preserve the Syrup two years together, provided the Pots were dry when the Syrup was put up, and that they be well-cover'd.

I confess that Syrup of Violets violetted, is so common in Shops; and so frequently made by the Ladies, that it might seem superfluous to insert it here; but not having met with any true Preparation yet, I thought fit to set down this Preparation, which experience will make you confess to be the better, and much supe∣riour to any other.

Some there are that add a spoonful or two of Juice of Citron, that the Violet co∣lour of the Syrup may look a little more red. But beside, that those acids will hinder the Syrup from keeping long, that addition is altogether needless, in regard the colour of the Syrup will be better without it, and those acids may alter the quality of the Violets.

Syrup of Violets thickens thin humours that fall from the Brain upon the Lungs, and corrects their acrimony. It cools the heat of the Liver and Stomach, as also of most Fevers, particularly choleric, adding some drops of spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol, or some other acid, and mingling it with Fountain, or River-water, or with some other proper Liquor. The pleasant taste of it makes it as much in use among those who are in health as among the sick; It is taken alone from half an ounce to an ounce, or else mingl'd in Juleps, Apozems, Emulsions, Looches, and many other remedies.

Formerly they made a laxative Syrup of Violets, compos'd of several infusions of whole Violets; but the Syrup prov'd very unpleasing, ineffectual, and more fit for Cli∣sters then to be swallow'd, and therefore not fit for this place.

Syrupus de Pomis simplex.		Simple Syrup of Pippins.
℞. Succi Pomorum redolentium depu∣rati,	lb ij.	℞. The Juice of fragrant Apples clari∣fy'd,	lb ij.
Sacchari Albissimi,	lb iiij.	The whitest Sugar,	lb iiij.

Having press'd out the Juice from the Apples, set it in the Sun to clarifie, then pour it out by inclination and filter it. That done, put the Juice and the Sugar toge∣ther over a small fire, and there incorporate them to the consistence of a Syrup.

The Syrup may serve as an Example for several simple Syrups whose foundation is the Juice of any Fruit, such as are Cherries, Barberries, Red-Currans, Respiss, Granates, Verjuice, &c.

You may also make the Syrup of Apples without fire, if when you have par'd the Apples you cut them into thin slices, throwing away the cores, and lay the thin slices in a new Hair-sieve, set in a silver or white-earth'n-bason, covering the Pippins with their thickness in Sugar, and continuing these layers of Pippins and Sugar till the Sieve be full. For then covering the sieve with another Plate or Bason, and leaving the whole two or three days in a cool place, you shall find in the lower Bason a very pleasant Syrup, well-colour'd and of a good consistency. This Syrup thus made without fire undergoes no alteration, being endu'd with all the good qualities that can be expected.

Syrup of Pippins is accounted a very high Cordial, and very proper against Palpi∣tations of the heart, especially when they proceed from melancholie-vapours rising from the Spleen. It is also very proper to comfort all the Noble Parts, quench thirst, and qualifie the heat of Choleric-Fevers. It is to be tak'n by respites of time, either alone or mix'd with Decoctions or other proper Liquors.

Syrupus de Pomis Compositus.		Syrup of Pippins compound.
℞. Succi Pomorum redolentium,	lb iiij.	℞. Juice of fragrant Pippins,	lb iiij.
Borraginis, &		Of Borrage, and
Buglossi depuratorum, an.	lb ij.	Bugloss clarify'd, an.	lb ij.
Folliculorum Sennae Orientalis incisorum,	℥ iiij.	Seed-bags of Senna of the East cut,	℥ iiij.
Tartari albi Monspeliensis contusi,	℥ ij.	White Montpelier-Tartar bruis'd,	℥ ij.

Bruise the Pippins in a Marble-mortar with a Wood'n-Pestle, squeeze out the Juice, and having expos'd it for some days to the Sun, filter it; cut the Senna-Seed-bags, and put them into a Glaz'd-earth'n-pot with two ounces of Tartar pulveriz'd; pour up∣on them the purify'd Juices: coyer the Pot, and set it upon the warm embers for 24 hours: then letting the Infusion simper a while, strain and press it out, and having cla∣rify'd the Liquor with four pound of very white Sugar, boyl it up to a Syrup. When it is perfectly boyl'd and quite cold, mixe with it the Tincture of two drams of Saffron in powder, extracted with three ounces of Distill'd-oyl of Balm.

I have said already, that for the more easie extracting the Juices of viscous Plants, you must put them whole into some Vessel, and having set them for some time over a moderate fire, pour out the Liquor at several times by inclination; which method must be us'd for extracting the Juices of Borrage and Bugloss here mention'd; and the Juice will be clear enough: though if you would have it clearer you may expose it to the Sun, and filter it.

The Ancients ty'd Saffron in a little Linnen-bag, and soak'd it in the Syrup during the Decoction, pressing it out from time to time, and leaving it in the Syrup when it was put up in the Pot, not considering that the long boyling of the Saffron, though ty'd in a Bag, could not be done without a manifest dissipation of the most volatile parts; that by those reiterated expressions a good part of the terrestrial and unprofitable part of the Saffron pass'd through the cloth, mix'd with the Syrup, and made it muddy; and that at length being left among the Syrup in the Pot, not being able to impart that vertue to it which it had lost, it occasion'd its putrefaction. Whereas the Tincture communicating the most essential parts of the Saffron to the Syrup, contributes to its preservation and beauty.

Some there are that propose the Extract of Saffron, which is better then the Knot. But because the Tincture is the base of the Extract, and for that the Tincutre cannot be reduc'd into an Extract without some dissipation of the subtle parts of the Saffron, there is more reason to make use of the Tincture.

The principal qualities of the compound Syrup of Pippins, are gently to purge choleric and melancholy humours: for which reason it is made use of in Distempers caus'd by those humours, particularly in Madness and Hypochondriac passions. It is

good also in Quartan-Agues, and to purge sharp and scalding humours that cause the Scurf and Itch, and most Diseases of the Skin. It may be tak'n alone from one ounce to two or three. But more frequently dissolv'd in Liquors, as the Decoctions of Apo∣zemes, Tinctures, and Laxative Infusions.

Syrupus Florum Persicorum.	Syrup of Flowers of Peaches.
℞. Florum Persicorum recentium quantum libuerit.	℞. Of the Flowers of Peaches as much as you please.

Bruise them in a Marble-mortar with a Woodd'n-pestle, and squeeze out the Juice in a Press, and having purify'd it by standing, and clarify'd it with the white of an Egg and an equal weight of Sugar, boyl it over a gentle fire to the consistency of a Syrup.

The Preparation of this Syrup is not only easie, but keeps within it all the most considerable qualities and vertues of the Flowers; which is chiefly in their Juice.

For more exactness you may dry the Sediment, burn and reduce it to ashes, and by Lixiviation, Filtration, Evaporation and Chrystallization extract the Fix'd-salt that re∣mains behind, and mixe it with the Syrup when it is boyl'd.

This Syrup is principally commended to purge the serosities that trouble the Brain, Nerves, and Muscles, and which not only cause Rheumatisms, but the Apoplexie, Palsie, Convulsions, and other Diseases of the Brain. It also purges choleric humours, op'ns obstructions, cuts the thick matters in the Mesenterie, Pancreas, Liver and Spleen. It is very proper also to kill Worms, and resist the putrefaction of the hu∣mours. The dose and administration is much the same with those of Compound Syrup of Pippins.

Syrupus Rosatus Solutivus.	Syrup of Roses Solutive.
℞. Succi defaecatissimi Rosarum pallidarum, Sacchari albissimi pulverati, an lb viij.	℞. Of the purest Juice of pale Roses, The finest powder Sugar, an. lb viij.

Gather your Roses newly blown betimes in the morning, bruise them in a large Marble-mortar with a Woodd'n-pestle, and having press'd out the Juice, fill it into Bottles; stop them and expose them to the Sun for some days: and when the grosser part of the Juice is fall'n to the bottom of the Bottles, pour the Juice into a wooll'n-Bag to strain it. Then weigh out eight Pints of this clear Juice, and put it into a Glass-Cucurbit, with the same weight of fine-powder'd Sugar. And having fitted a head to the Cucurbit, and fix'd a Recipient to the beak of the Alembic, distil out a∣bout three pints of good strong Rose-water. Then let the Bath cool, and having un∣luted the Alembic, you shall find in the Cucurbit a fair Syrup of Roses, fragrant, plea∣sing and full of vertue. Pour it out by Inclination into a Pot, leaving at the bottom of the Cucurbit that little feces which remains.

Though that the Purgative-quality of the Roses consists chiefly in their fix'd-salt, and some small portion of their less volatile Sulphur, which a moderate boyling can∣not much diminish; nevertheless it is convenient to preserve and save as much of all the good parts of the Medicament, as much as may be. And therefore you need not won∣der that you meet not here with that lofty, long and troublesome way of the Ancients, who in the composition of this Syrup repeat infusion to the ninth time. Not consider∣sidering that by that great and unprofitable cost, the Roses lose their most Spiritous and fragrant part, and that a great part of the infusion is wasted in the Strainers, Vessels, and other Instruments us'd in the preparation; and that in the end they will have a Syrup less pleasant, but not so efficacious, as this which is here prescrib'd; the preparation whereof seems to me to be most fit to be observ'd, since that together with saving a good part of the Rose-water, you have a Syrup, wherein are all the qualities of the Roses that can be desir'd.

Syrup of Roses solutive purges very gently all the serosities contain'd in the Bowels, or dispers'd into several parts of the body. It is very useful in Epidemic Distempers. Yet there are several Women and Virgins that cannot abide the use of it. The Dose is much the same with that of the compound Syrup of Pippins, or Peach-flowers.

Syrupus Rosatus Compositus cum Senna & Agarico.		Compound Syrup of Roses with Senna and Agaric.
℞. Foliorum Sennae Orientalis mundatorum,	℥ iiij.	℞. Leaves of Oriental Senna cleans'd,	℥ iiij.
Agarici electi incisi,	℥ ij.	The best Agaric cut,	℥ ij.
Tartari Albi contusi,	℥ j.	White-Tartar powder'd,	℥ j.
Succi Rosarum Pallidarum depurati,	lb vj.	Juice of Pale-Roses clarify'd,	lb vj.

Put the Senna, Agaric, and Tartar into an Earth'n-glaz'd-pot. Pour upon them six Pints of the Juice of Pale-Roses clarify'd, and having thrust the Ingredients down into the Juice, cover the Pot and set it 24 hours upon hot embers; then letting the infusion boyl a-while, strain it and press it forth: and having clarify'd the Liquor with the white of an Egg and four pounds of fine Sugar, boyl it over a gentle-fire to the consistence of a Syrup. When it is quite cold, aromatize it with six drops of Distill'd-oyl of Anise, and two drops of Oyl of Cloves, incorporated with an ounce and a half of fine powder'd Sugar.

This Syrup purges much more then ordinary Syrup of Roses; it purges Choler, Flegm and Melancholy. It kills and expels Worms. It op'ns the Passages; it cuts, attenuates, and loos'ns tough and viscous humours; and draws flegm from the remote parts. The dose is from one ounce to two. It is to be administr'd like other Purgative Syrups.

According to this method you may prepare a Compound Syrup of Roses with Senna and Rhubarb without Agaric, not so proper to purge flegm, and draw it from the remote parts, but to purge gently choleric humours and strength'n the parts. But in regard this Syrup is not much in use, you may supply its defect by adding to Syrup of Roses solutive an Infusion of Senna and Rhubarb, when occasion requires. The pro∣portion of Senna and Rhubarb must be equal to that of the Senna and Agaric prescrib'd above.

Syrupus Emeticus.		An Emetic Syrup.
℞. Vitri Antimonii abs{que} additione parati, & Nitro correcti,	℥ iij.	℞. Glass of Antimony prepar'd without addition, and corrected with Nitre,	℥ iij.
Succi Cydoniorum purissimi,	lb vj.	Of the purest Juice of Quinces,	lb vj.

Powder the Glass of Antimony very small. Put it into a Glass-Cucurbit; and hav∣in pour'd upon it six Pints of Juice of Quinces very well clarify'd, cover the Cucurbit, and let them macerate for 24 hours in a Bath of ashes moderately hot; filter the liquor through a sheet of brown Paper, and return it into the same Cucurbit, with two pound of fine Sugar; then boil it in the Ember-bath hotter then ordinary, to the consistence of Syrup. When it is quite cold, aromatize it with two drops of Oyl of Cinamon in∣corporated with half an ounce of fine-powder'd Sugar, and keep the Syrup in a Bottle close-stopp'd.

Thought the Antimony be the foundation of this Syrup, and that Vitrification and Correction be Chymical Operations, and beyond the verge of Galenic Pharmacy; never∣theless it is here very properly made use of, and this Emetic Syrup with as much reason here inserted. Nor is it to be wonder'd that six Pints of the Juice of Quinces should be prescrib'd to extract the vertue of three ounces of prepar'd Antimony, or that the Proportions of Liquors us'd in Infusions or Decoctions according to the Rules of ordi∣nary Pharmacy are not here observ'd: For the Antimony thus prepar'd being in a con∣dition to act in a very small dose, is as able sufficiently to impart its vertue to a good quantity of Liquor, which Liquor being afterwards united with the Sugar, and there concenter'd by boyling, renders the Emetic Syrup no less pleasing, then powerful to operate in a much less dose then Emetic Wine, or any other Liquors, wherein usually several Preparations of Antimony are infus'd, but not concenter'd.

This Syrup is call'd Emetic, because of its effects, which are chiefly to excite vomit∣ing, to empty the Stomach of ill-humours which are sometimes too obstinately fix'd. And it is observable that Syrup after it has provok'd vomiting, many times procures some stools, proceeding either from the Excrements of the Stomach or Bowels. It happ'ns also sometimes that some Persons never vomit, but that this Syrup works alto∣gether

downward, which is so much the less trouble. There is no Preparation of An∣timony that works with more gentleness or less trouble then this Syrup: It may be giv'n to all Ages and Sexes, sucking Children and old Men, in distempers caus'd by plenitude, particularly when there is a collection of bad humours in the Stomach. The dose is from two drams to an ounce, or at most to an ounce and a half for very strong Bodies. It is giv'n alone, or mix'd in white Wine, Broth, or any other proper Li∣quor. It is also mix'd with Purgatives diminishing the dose, and proportionating it to that of other Remedies.

Syrupus de Rhamno Cathartico.	Syrup of Purging-Thorn.
℞. Baccarum Fruticis illius qui nomen fert Spinae Cervinae, aut Infectoriae, seu Rhamni Cathartici, quantum libuerit.	℞. Of the Berries of the Shrub call'd Hart's-Thorn, Stayning-thorn, or Pur∣ging-Thorn, as much as you think fit.

Put them to macerate into a Glaz'd-earth'n-vessel over hot embers for two or three hours, stirring them every-foot with a woodd'n-pestle. Then, having press'd them out, take six Pints of their pure Juice, and four pound of Sugar, and boyl them toge∣ther over a soft fire to the consistency of a Syrup. Take it off the fire, scum it and let it cool, and aromatize it with four drops of distill'd-Oyl of Cinamon, and as much Cloves incorporated with an ounce and a half of fine Sugar in powder, and put up the Syrup well-stopp'd.

The Purging-Thorn is a low shrub, the trunk whereof is about as big as a Man's∣leg; from whence grow several thornie-branches, with leaves like those of the Crab∣tree. The Berries are as big as Juniper-berries well-grown; green at first, afterwards when they are ripe, black and shining. These Berries grow in clusters, having five or six Seeds within, long and triangular, the Juice whereof is somewhat dark greenish and bitter.

This Syrup powerfully carries off the serosities of all the habit of the Body. It is us'd in Cachexies, and in diseases of the Joynts, but particularly for the cure of watry Dropsies and Rheumatisms. The usual dose is from half an ounce to an ounce. It is tak'n alone or mix'd in Decoctions, or other proper Liquors.

I could here add several other Preparations of several other Syrups; but I am per∣suaded that the Preparations and Rules already set down will afford instruction suffici∣ent to any Apothecary to prepare the rest which are here omitted.

CHAP. XVI. Of Honeys.

I Thought fit to treat of Honeys immediately after Syrups, because that their Pre∣paration and their consistency are not much unlike the one to the other. The ex∣traordinary sweetness, the pleasing taste of Sugar, the plenty of it and its aptness to suck up forreign moisture, are the reasons that Honey is now-a-days less in request then formerly. For though that Honey may be said to be a collection and an extraction of the most pure parts of Flowers, Fruits, and other parts of Plants, and that the Dew and Influence of the Stars may very much contribute to its composition, and that there may be reason enough to prefer it before Sugar, which is the Juice of only one single Plant: nevertheless it is now-a-days less us'd then Sugar. So that we prepare for the Shops not above five or six sorts of Honeys, the most part whereof are appointed for Clysters: Two sorts of Oxymels, and one Hydromel.

'Tis true that good Honey is oft'n made use of, and preserv'd likewise before Su∣gar in the Compositions of several Medicaments, and particularly of certain Opiats, which are to keep long, as Treacle and Mithridate; because the parts of Honey are more united and more viscous then those of Sugar, and because it is more fit to bind the Ingredients with which it is mix'd, and to resist putrefaction longer then Sugar.

Mel Rosatum.	Honey of Roses.
℞. Succi Rosarum Rubrarum, Mellis optimi, an. partes aequales.	℞. Of the Juice of Red Roses, The best Honey, an. equal parts.

Bruise the Fresh red-Roses in a Marble-mortar, squeeze out the Juice and expose it to the Sun in Bottles for some days to purifie, then pass it through a Wooll'n-bag, and having mix'd it with equal parts of pure Honey, clarifie both together with the white of an Egg: scum it when it is cold and put it up.

Red-Roses are of an earthy and compact substance, so that they will endure a longer and fiercer boyling then other Roses, without endangering the dissipation of their good parts.

You may instead of the Juice make use of the Infusion of Red-Roses, two or three times repeated, and prepare it like the Infusion of the Flowers of Nymphaea for the Syrup. You may also use Honey of Roses laxative with the Juice of Pale Roses, ob∣serving the same method set down for Syrup of Roses solutive.

The Honey of Roses first mention'd, cleanses, closes and fortifies: therefore it is us'd for all diseases of the mouth, tak'n alone or in Gargarisms. It is also mix'd in Loti∣ons and Vulnerarie Injections. It serves also in Opiates to cleanse and whit'n the Teeth; and is frequently us'd in astringent and cleansing Clysters. The proportion of Honey of Roses in Lotions, Injections, Gargarisms or Clysters, is two or three ounces to a * 1.2 Chopine of liquor, Paris-measure.

Mel Anthosatum.	Honey of Rosemary-flowers.
℞. Florum Recentium mundatorum, lb ij.	℞. New Flowers of Rosemary clean-pickt, lb ij.

Bruise the Flowers well-pickt and cleans'd in a Mortar with a woodd'n Pestle, and pass them through a Hair-sieve; then incorporate them with treble their weight of good Honey hot and scumm'd, without the addition of any other Liquor. When it is cold put it up.

The Flowers of Rosemary are of a Substance very thin and full of moisture, so that if they should be boyl'd in Water or in the Honey, their better part would be lost: and if the Honey should be charg'd with any extraneous moisture, by increasing the moisture of the Flowers, it would occasion putrefaction.

Anthosate-Honey thus prepar'd enjoyes all the vertues of the Rosemary-flowers, and is of a due consistence, and may be as well swallow'd as dissolv'd in Clysters.

You may prepare a Honey with a Decoction of Rosemary-leaves, and use it in Cly∣sters instead of Anthosate-Honey: But it is better to mixe the Leaves of Rosemary in the Decoction of Clysters, then to pester a Shop with a Honey so little us'd; besides, the apprehended danger which the heat of the pure Decoction of Rosemary-leaves may cause to the Bowels.

Honey of Rosemary-flowers prepar'd as above, may serve instead of conserve of Anthos or Rosemary-flowers prepar'd with Sugar. It may be swallow'd in all cold Diseases of the Brain: It strength'ns the memory, and disperses the Vapours that cause Vertigo's. It is also us'd in cold diseases of the Stomach and Intestines; particularly in windy Colicks and fits of the Mother, swallow'd or tak'n in Clysters.

Mel Mercuriale.	Honey of Herb-Mercury.
℞. Succi Mercurialis quiete defacati, & Mellis optimi, an. partes aequales.	℞. Of the Juice of Mercury softly purify'd, and The best Honey, an. equal parts.

Clarifie them with the whites of Eggs according to Art, and boyl them to the consi∣stence of a Syrup somewhat thicker then ordinary▪

There are some that instead of drawing forth, and depur••ting the Juice of Mercury, only make a kind of Decoction; and they boyl the Honey as if they made use of the Juice, but they use a greater quantity of the Decoction.

Honey of Mercury mix'd with Clysters mollifies and soaks tough matters, that settle in the Bowels. It loosens the Belly, and provokes the Menstruums. It is very much us'd in Hysteric Distempers, and in all sorts of Colicks. The Dose is from one ounce to three, in proper Liquors or Decoctions.

Mel Violatum.	Honey of Violets.
℞. Violurum recentium, lb iiij.	Take fresh Violets, lb iiij.

Boyl them for a good hour in twelve pints of fair-water; strain the Decoction, squeezing the Violets. Then in the strain'd Liquor boyl four pound of new Violets, proceeding as before. Boyl yet four pound more of fresh Violets in the Liquor, and ha∣ving strain'd and press'd the Decoction, and mix'd the Liquor with twelve plnts of good Honey, clarifie it with the whites of Eggs; boyl it to the consistence of a Syrup somewhat thicker then ordinary, scum it, and put it up.

The volatile part of the Violets, which is subject to dissipation, is very useless in Honey of Violets, which is only for Clysters, whose principal vertue is to moisten, and render the Bowels slippery. The Dose and use of Honey of Violets, are the same with those of Honey of Mercury.

Mel Vulvariae.	Honey of stinking Arrache.
℞. Foliorum Vulvariae, Fasc. ij.	Take of the Leaves of stinking Arrache, two little bundles.

Cut them and boyl them in sixteen pints of Fountain-water, to the consumption of the third part, and having strain'd and well press'd the boyl'd Herbs, boyl the same quantity of fresh Arrach in the Liquor, proceeding as before; then having mingl'd six∣teen pints of the best Honey with the Liquor, clarifie it with two whites of Eggs, and boyl it to a just consistence. Scum the Honey and put it up.

Though Honey of Arrach be not so much in use, it deserves to be plac'd among the Honey's. For it is very effectual in Hysteric-distempers; above all to appease the violent commotions of the Matrix. It is also very useful in windy Colicks. The dose in Clysters is from two ounces to three.

Mel Nympharinum.		Honey of Water-Lillies.
℞. Florum Nymphaeae, rejectâ parte interiore luteâ,	lb viij.	℞. Of the Flowers of Water-Lillies, leav∣ing out the yellow inside,	lb viij.
Aquae Fontanae,	lb xvj.	Fair Water,	lb xvj.

Boyl them over a gentle-fire to the consumption of the third part. Strain and press out the the Liquor: boyl the same quantity of fresh Flowers again in the Water. Strain and press out the Liquor, and having mix'd with it sixteen pints of the best Honey, cla∣rifie it with whites of Eggs, and boyl it to a just consistency.

Honey of Water-Lillies is onely made use of in Clysters: It moist'ns, mollifies and cools the Bowels exceedingly. The dose is the same with that of Honey of Violets.

Oxymel Simplex.	Simple Oxymel.
℞. Mellis optimi, lb iiij.	℞. Of the best Honey, lb iiij.

Put it into a glaz'd-Earth'n-pot, let it boil some few bublings over a gentle charcoal∣fire; when it is a little cool scum it.

Addetisque,	Then add,
Aceti Albi Optimi lb ij.	Of the best White-wine Vinegar, lb ij.

Boyl both together to the just consistency of a Syrup.

It is not necessary to boyl Water with the Honey, as some pretend to raise the scum, for it may be scumm'd without any addition. Nor is the Water e're a jot more necessary to qualifie the sharpness of the Vinegar, in regard that sharpness is not only the thing we desire, to maintain the effects expected from the Oxymel; but always remains last in the Decoction of the Vinegar. Besides, we must believe, that the Water which they would add, can be but a trouble, and that in the consumption which is to be made of it, it would but help forward the dissipation of some volatile part of the Honey.

This Oxymel is good to loosen tough and viscous flegm, as well in the Mouth and Throat, as in the Stomach and other parts of the body, where it may stick. It may be taken in a spoon a little at a time. But it is better in Liquors to make Gargarisms, ad∣ding more or less of the Liquors, as you desire the operation stronger or weaker; For the Liquors abate its activity. It is also mix'd with Looches and Syrups to abate its activity, and to assist them to cut and loosen flegm from the Lungs and Stomach. The Proportion of this Oxymel in Liquors, is from an ounce and a half to two ounces, in a pint of a detersive decoction, or in some proper distill'd-water.

Oxymel Scilliticum.		Oxymel of Squills.
℞. Mellis Optimi,	lb iiij.	℞. Of the best Honey,	lb iiij.
Aceti Scillitici,	lb ij.	Vinegar of Squills,	lb ij.

Let them boyl gently, and scum them, then boyl them over a very gentle fire to a just consistence.

The Preparation of Vinegar of Squills is already set down in the Chapter of Vinegars.

You may guess at the vertues of the Oxymel, by what I have spoken concerning the qualities of the Vinegar.

Hydromel Vinosum.		A Winy Hydromel.
℞. Mellis Albi Optimi,	lb iiij.	Take of the best white-Honey,	lb iiij.
Aquae pluvialis circa veris Aequinoctium collectae,	lb xx.	Rain-Water sav'd at the time of the ver∣nal Aequinox,	lb xx.

Boil them gently together in a Copper-Vessel tinn'd within, stirring them from time to time, till the third part of the moisture be consum'd, or rather, till an Egg being cast into the Hydromel will not sink but swim at top. The Hydromel being thus boyl'd and settl'd, pour out all the clear Liquor into a small Cask, and put it in the Sun, or else in some hot place, for forty days, or else till the Fermentation be over. Fill up the waste of the Fermentation, or what the Cask wants of being full, with other Hydromel, or good Spanish-wine; and having stopp'd up the Vessel, set it in a Cellar, or some very cool place.

By this means, the Hydromel will have a taste like that of Malmsey, which having left its earthy parts and being exalted by Fermentation, will yield an inflammable spirit, like to that of Wine.

Sometimes we make compound drinks of Pectoral decoctions, sweeten'd with Honey, scum'd, clarify'd, and boyl'd to a thinner consistency then the preceding Hydromel, and which bear the name of Hydromel, because Water and Honey are their foundation; but these Hydromels are seldom prepar'd but for present use.

Winy Hydromel is a Medicinal nourishment, as pleasing as profitable. It comforts and strengthens the Noble Parts, and affords good nourishment, being made use of by the healthy as well as by the sick.

CHAP. XVII. Of Looches.

LOoches are Internal compositions, of a consistency between Syrups and soft Electu∣aries, and chiefly appointed for Diseases of the Lungs. The Greeks call them 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and the Latines Linctus, or Lambatives. The Name of Looch, though Ara∣bian, has been always most in use. They are made thicker then Syrups, to the end that staying in the Throat, their vertue may have time to penetrate into the Brest, through the rough Artery, and to be imparted to the parts that want it, there to concoct and di∣gest the flegm, and fit it for expectoration, to stop and thick'n the Rheum when it is too thin, and to cut and attenuate flegm that is tough and obstinate. Nevertheless though they are much in use, they are seldom prepar'd, but when prescrib'd, in regard the Medicaments that compose them are ready at all times, and for that their mixture is not difficult. However, I will produce two Receipts, the composition whereof may be kept for some time, if you please, or be prepar'd upon occasion.

Looch Sanum Reformatum.		A sound reformed Looch.
℞. Hordei Mundati,	℥ j.	℞. Pickt Barley,	℥ j.
Radicum Petasitidis, & Enulae Campana, an.	℥ ss.	Roots of Butter-bur, Elecampane, an.	℥ ss.
Passulas Damascenas Mundatas,		Large Ston'd Raisins,
Ficus recentes siccas,		New dry Figgs,
Dactylos-pingues Enucleatos,		Fat Dates ston'd,
Jujubas,		Jujubs,
Sebesten, ana.	No. xij.	Sebestens, an.	No. xij.
Foliorum Hyssopi,		Leaves of Hysop,
Calaminthae,		Calaminth,
Capil. Ven. Monspeliensis,		Venus-hair of Montpelier,
Adianti Vulgaris, an.	M. j.	Common Maiden-hair, an.	M. j.
Seminum Malvae		Seeds of Mallows,
Althaeae,		Marsh-mallows,
Bombacis, &		Cotton, and
Papaveris albi, an.	ʒ ij.	White-Poppy, an.	ʒ ij.

Boyl the pickt-Barley in a glaz'd-Earth'n-pot, over a soft fire, in six pints of Foun∣tain-water, for half an hour; then add the Roots cleans'd and bruis'd, let them boyl with the Barley a good quarter of an hour; after that, put in the Fruits cleans'd and slic'd, which must boyl a little while with the rest; which done, put in the Hysop, Ca∣lamint, and cold seeds bruis'd. After they have boyl'd a little while, take off the De∣coction from the fire, and when it is half-cold, strain it and press it lightly; and having clarify'd it with the white of an Egg, with two pound of fine Sugar, boyl it to the consistency of a Syrup, a little thicker then ordinary. The Syrup being half cold,

Permisceantur,		Add thereto,
Pinearum, & Amygdalarum dulcium emundatarum contusarum & per cribrum trajecta∣rum, an.	ʒ vi.	Kernels of Pine-Apples, and Sweet Almonds cleans'd, beaten to powder, and sifted, an.	ʒ vj.
Glycyrrhizae mundatae,		Liquorice cleans'd,
Gummi Tragacanthi, &		Gum-Tragacanth,

Arabici, & Radicis Ireos subtiliter pulveratorum,

an. ʒ iij.

Arabic, and Root of Orrice beaten into fine pow∣der, an.

ʒ iij.

Incorporate them with the Syrup, and when all the Ingredients are cold, aromatize it with Oyls of Annise, and Fennel, of each three drops, mix'd with an ounce of fine powder-Sugar; then put up the Looch in a Gally-pot well-stopp'd.

The pickt Barley being put into the Decoction, is the reason why fine-Sugar is pre∣scrib'd instead of Pennets, usually prescrib'd in the common Receipts of this Looch, whose Foundation is the Decoction of Barley. The Roots of Butter-bur, and Elecam∣pane augment the cutting quality of the other Ingredients, and facilitate expectoration. The Seeds of Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Cotton, and white-Poppy, serve to thick'n and stop thin defluxions from the Head upon the Brest, and producing the same effects, as the seeds of Fennel and Line, prescrib'd in other Receipts, do not give the Looch that unpleasing taste or smell as they do. You may leave the Liquorice out of the Decocti∣on, in regard it is mixt in Powder to a sufficient, quantity in the Looch. Lastly, the distill'd Oyls of Annise and Fennel are better then the Seeds boyl'd in the Decoction, that destroys their Volatile and Sulphury part, which is the principal.

This Looch cannot but be of great virtue to thick'n and stop thin defluxions from the Head upon the Lungs, as also to cut and loosen those that are already got into the Muscles of the Larynx, to cleanse and mollifie the parts that serve for Respiration.

It may be taken in the Day and Night-time, every foot, about the bigness of a little Nut at once, with a little stick of Liquorice scrap'd and bruis'd at the end. These Medicines must be kept a long time in the Mouth, and swallow'd slowly.

Looch Pectorale.		A Pectoral Looch.
℞. Mucilaginis Gummi Tragacanthi in A∣qua Rosarum extractae,		℞. Mucilage of Gum-Tragacanth, ex∣tracted in Rose-water,
Sacchari Candi, & Penidiati, pulveratorum, an.	℥ ij.	Sugar-Candy, and Penedite, pouder'd, an.	℥ ij.
Liquoritiae,	℥ ss.	Liquorice,	℥ ss.
Ireos Florentiae,	ʒ ij.	Florence-Orrice,	ʒ ij.
Radicis Enulae Campanae,	ʒ j.	Root of Elecampane,	ʒ j.

Put a dram of Tragacanth powder'd into a dish with 2 or. 3 ounces of good Rose-wa∣ter, set it over hot embers, stirring them from time to time with a Woodd'n-Spatula, till the Gum-Tragacanth be well dissolv'd, and reduc'd into a white-Past. Powder the Sugar-candy, and Penidiate in a Marble-mortar with a Woodd'n-Pestle; and adding to them the Mucilage, the powders of Liquorice, Orrice, and Elecampane, unite them together with equal parts of Magisterial Pectoral Syrup, and Syrup of white-Poppies, and reduce them to a consistency between a Syrup and a soft Electuary, which you may, if the Physician thinks fit, aromatize with distill'd Oyls of Annise, and Fennel, an. two drops, incorporated with half an ounce of fine powder'd Sugar.

The Vertues of this Looch come very near to those of the sound Looch. Neverthe∣less, you may change, increase or abate any of the Medicines, according to the con∣dition of the Disease, and the Patient who is to make use of the remedy

There is a preparation of Cassia with Sugar, to which the Ancients have given the name of a Looch, but it is rather to be put among the soft Electuaries, then among the Looches.

CHAP. XVIII. Of Tablets, or Solid Electuaries.

THE use of Tablets so nearly resembles that of Looches, that they may well be rank'd in the next place; and so much the rather, because that Tablets are frequently prepar'd for diseases of the Brest, and are more frequently us'd then Looches. Tablets are sometimes more, sometimes less compounded, and their composition is different, according to the purpose for which they are compound∣ed. Sugar is the ingredient most plentifully us'd in their composition; as well to please the taste of the Patient, as to bind and incorporate the other Drugs, which could not be reduc'd into a Solid form by the Sugar, did it not exceed them in quan∣tity: unless you make use of the mucilages of Gum-Tragacanth; for they are able to bind several Medicaments without any mixture of Sugar. Tablets are made of a solid consistence, that they may be the more easily carry'd about in the Pocket, and that they may be held a long time in the Mouth, and that they may not be so soon dissolv'd as Syrups or Looches.

For the Preparation of Tablets, we use to dissolve Sugar in some Liquor, to cla∣rifie or scum it if there be occasion, to boyl it to the consistence of a solid Electuary, and to mixe with it while it is hot, sometimes Powders, sometimes Conserves, Con∣ditements, Confections, Fruits beat'n in a mortar, distill'd Oyls, and sometimes Salts and Spirits, The proportion of the Powders to the Sugar cannot be well-limited, be∣cause of the various nature of the Powders, and the various purposes for which the Tablets are made. We use to put three ounces of Powder to one pound of Sugar, for solid Purgative-Electuaries. We also put sometimes the same quantity of Powder to every pound of Sugar for Pectoral Lozenges. But most frequently an ounce, or an ounce and a half serves turn, especially if the Medicament be of a strong scent or taste, or that operates in a small quantity. An ounce or an ounce and a half of Pow∣der serves turn to a pound of Sugar for Cordial Lozenges; and almost the same pro∣portion holds for Stomachical, Aperitive, Hepatic-Tablets.

But there must be great care tak'n in reference to Pulps, and other soft or liquid Sub∣stances, which are to compound Lozenges, which are usually mix'd when the Sugar is boyl'd. For besides that they may occasion some augmentation of the quantity of the Powders, you may either boyl the Sugar the more before the mixture, or slack'n boyling upon the fire after the Ingredients are mix'd, to consume the superfluous moi∣sture that may be therein. In all which things the Artist must be guided more by his judgment then by any Rules that can be prescrib'd.

Saccharum Rosatum.		Sugar of Roses.
℞. Sacchari albissimi contusi,	lb j.	℞. Fine white Sugar grosly-beat'n,	lb j.
Aquae Rosarum fragrantissimae,	℥ iiij.	The most fragrant Rose-water,	℥ iiij.

Pour the Rose-water upon the Sugar, and boyl them in a Posnet over a soft fire to the consistence of an Electuary. Take the Skillet from the fire, stir the Sugar with a Spatula, and when it begins to coagulate, pour it out upon a sheet of white Paper, or upon a Tin-dish to make Tablets. You may also mixe with the same boyl'd Sugar an ounce and a half of red Roses pulveriz'd, sprinkl'd with some few drops of Spirit of Sulphur or Brimstone. And these Tablets are call'd Conserve of drie Roses, or the Rock-Conserve.

Sugar of white Roses is detersive with a little astriction. It is very much us'd in all diseases of the Brest, as well for its pleasant taste, and ease which it gives: You may take it day and night at all hours. Sugar of Roses is also mix'd in Powder with Asses, Goats or Cows-Milk, and tak'n in a morning fasting. The dose is from two drams to an ounce, according to the quantity of Milk and the Palate of the Patient.

Tablets of red Roses are more binding. It is good to strength'n the Ventricle and the Liver, and to stop thin Rhumes that fall from the Head upon the Lungs. They are tak'n after the same manner as ordinary Sugar of Roses.

Tabellae de Althea Simplices & Compositae.		Simple and Compound Lozenges of Marsh-mallows.
℞. Pulpae Radicum Althaeae per setaceum tra∣jectae,	℥ iiij.	℞. Of the Pulp of the Roots of Althea pass'd through a Hair-sieve,	℥ iiij.
Sacchari solidi,	lb j ss.	Loaf-Sugar,	lb j ss.
Aquae Rosarum,	℥ vj.	Rose-water,	℥ vj.
Fiant ex Arte Tabellae.		Make Lozenges according to Art.

Choose out large well-grown Roots of Marsh-mallows, wash them and take off the rind, and having cut them into thin round slices, boyl them over a soft fire with Foun∣tain-water in an Earth'n-glaz'd-pot, till they be very tender. Then bruise them in a Marble-mortar with a woodd'n-pestle, and pass four ounces of the pulp through the wrong side of a Hair-sieve. Put a pound and a half of fine Sugar with six ounces of Rose-water into a Skillet, and boyl them to the consistence of a solid Electuary, wherein you must dissolve the pulp; then setting the Skillet over the fire for a very small time to evaporate the superfluous moisture, make your Lozenges.

Quod si compositas volueris,		If you desire them compounded,
℞. Pulpae praedictae,	℥ ij.	℞. Of the fore-said Pulp,	℥ ij.
Seminis Papaveris alb. contusi,		Seed of white Poppy beat'n,
Pulveris Ireos Florentiae,		Powder of Florence-Orrice,
Diatragacanthi frigidi, & Glycyrrhizae, an.	ʒ iij.	Cold Diatragacanth, and Liquorice, an.	ʒ iij.
Sacchari albissimi in Aqua Rosarum soluti, & in Electuarium solidum cocti,	lb j.	Whitest Sugar dissolv'd in Rose-water, and boil'd to the consistence of a solid Ele∣ctuary,	lb j.

Boyl the Sugar and the Rose-water to the consistence of a solid Electuary: take the Skillet from the fire, and first mixe the Pulp prescrib'd, after that the Powders; and make your Lozenges of what form or bigness you please.

You may mixe with the Powders a dram of Magisterie of Sulphur. You may also in the same manner make several other Pectoral-Lozenges.

Talbets of Althea are us'd to remedie old and new Coughs, and in all diseases of the Brest; especially to carry off the acrimony of the humours, and to stay Defluxions. They are to be tak'n at all times, like Tablets of Sugar of Roses.

Succus Liquoritiae Niger.		Black Juice of Liquorice.
℞. Extracti Liquoritiae consistentiae mollio∣ris,		℞. Extract of Liquorice of a softer consi∣stencie,
Sacchari opt. pulverati, an.	lb ij.	Fine-powder'd Sugar, an.	lb ij.
Gummi Arabici soluti & colati	℥ j.	Gum-Arabick dissolv'd and strain'd,	℥ j.
Mucilaginis spissioris Gummi Tragacanthi in Aquae Rosarum extractae,	℥ j ss.	Thicker Muscilage of Gum-Tragacanth, extracted with Rose-water,	℥ j ss.

Beat them and incorporate them well together in a Marble-mortar with a woodd'n∣pestle, and make them into Rolls, Tablets or Lozenges as you please.

The Gum-Arabick must be pass'd through a Hair-sieve, being first powder'd and dis∣solv'd in Rose-water.

I have plac'd this Composition among the Tablets, as well for its Consistency, as for the Form of making it up.

There are several Preparations of the Black Juice of Liquorice, as well in Spain as in several Towns in France; and the quick vent there is for it, causes the Women to deal in it. But I take the Receipt which I have set down to be superiour to theirs, in re∣gard it contains all the vertue and good taste that can be expected.

The use of it is too familiar to want directions.

Succus Liquoritiae Albus.		White Juice of Liquorice.
℞. Pulveris Liquoritia mundatae,		℞. Clean-powder of Liquorice,
Radicis Ireos Florentiae,	ʒ vj.	Roots of Florence-Orrice, an.	ʒ vj.
Amyli,	℥ ij.	Flower of Wheat pounded,	℥ ij.
Sacchari opt. subtiliter pulverati,	lb j.	The best Sugar finely-powder'd,	lb j.
Moschi Orientalis,		Oriental Musk,
Ambragrisea, an.	Gr. iij.	Ambergrise, an.	Gr. iij.

Incorporate all these together with a muscilage of Gum-Tragacanth extracted in Rose-water, mixing and beating them together in a Marble-mortar with a woodd'n∣pestle into a solid paste. Make them up into Rolls or Tablets, and drie them by the fire upon a white sheet of Paper.

This Composition is improperly call'd by the Name of Juice of Liquorice; since there is nothing but the Powder of Liquorice in it. But in regard that custom has prevail'd to continue the Name, we thought it convenient to place it here.

This Juice of White Liquorice is more pleasing then the Black, but much inferior to it in vertue. Yet it is as much or more in request, because of its acceptable taste and smell.

Manus Christi Perlata.		Manus-Christi Pearl'd.
℞. Succhari albissimi in frusta dissecti,	lb j.	℞. Finest white Sugar brok'n into pieces,
			lb j.
Aqua Rosarum fragrantissima,	℥ iiij.	Fragrant Rose-water,	℥ iiij.

Boyl them together over a moderate fire to the consistence of a solid Electuary, and when they are half-cold, incorporate with them half an ounce of Oriental-Pearl, and make up your Tablets according to Art.

These Tablets are call'd by the Name of Manus-Christi or Sugar of Roses Pearl'd, by reason of the Ingredients whereof they are compos'd. Their principal vertue is to comfort and fortifie the Heart and Noble-parts: they may be tak'n alone, at any time; but their chief use is in Juleps and Cordial-Potions.

Tabellae Cachecticae, D. D. D'AQUIN.		Tablets for those that are troubl'd with an Ill-habit of Body, by D. D. D'AQUIN.
℞. Diaphoretici mineralis, & Oculorum Cancrorum praeparatorum, an.	℥ ss.	℞. Diaphoretic-mineral, and Crabs-Eyes prepar'd, an.	℥ ss.
Margaritarum praeparatorum,	ʒ ij.	Pearls prepar'd,	ʒ ij.
Salis Martis,	ʒ ss.	Salt of Steel	ʒ ss.
Olei Cinnamomi stillatitii,	Gut. ij.	Distill'd oyl of Cinnamon,	Drop ij.
Sacchari opt. pulverati,	℥ viij.	Double-refin'd Sugar powder'd,	℥ viij.

Dissolve over hot embers a dram of Gum-Tragacanth in four ounces of Orange∣flower Water, and reduce it into a muscilage, wherewith to unite and bind all the In∣gredients prescrib'd. Then beat them into a thick paste, to make your Tablets of the weight of two drams each for a dose, and dry them in the shade.

These Tablets are of incomparable vertue to op'n gently all obstructions of the Bowels, particularly of the Spleen. For which reason they are giv'n with great success in Hypochondriac distempers and Cachexies: as also to cure the Green-sickness, and difficulty of making Urine▪ They may be tak'n when you drink Mineral-waters, if they do not pass through quickly as they should. The dose is one Tablet in a morning fasting, two hours before you eat any thing else.

Tabellae Cardiacae.	Cordial Lozenges.
℞. Sacchari albissimi in Aqua florum Aran∣tiorum soluti, & in Tabulati solidiorem con∣sistentiam cocti, lb j.	℞. Double-refin'd Sugar dissolv'd in O∣range-flower Water, and boyl'd to the constency of a solid Electuary, lb j.
When the Sugar is boyl'd, take it off the fire;	and when it is half-cold,

Permisce,		Mingle with it,
Confectionis Alkermes perfectae,	℥ j.	Confection of Alkermes perfect,	℥ j.
Corticis exterioris Citri minutissime incist, & Antimonii Diaphoretici, an.	ʒ ij.	Outward-peel of Citron cut very small, and Diaphoretic Antimony, an.	ʒ ij.
Olei Cinnamomi stillatitii pauco Saccharo excepti,	Gut. j.	Distill'd-oyl of Cinnamon mix'd with 2 drams of fine-powder Sugar,	Drops j.

Mixe them well together, and pour out the whole upon a Plate of fine Tin, or upon a sheet of white Paper to ma••e your Tablets of what bigness you please.

These Tablets are admirable to cherish the Natural-heat. They restore an extraordi∣nary vigour immediately to all the parts, ••allying the scatter'd Spirits. They power▪ fully strength'n the Heart and Brain. They are an incomparable preservative against Pestilential air, they correct ill-smells of the Mouth and Breath. They are useful to those that are in want of a Provocative to Venerie. They may be tak'n at any time, but especially fasting, from a dram to two. But you may take half an ounce when you de∣sire a more powerful operation, especially they that have weak Backs, to whom they will be of more force by adding half a dram of Amber-grise and a scruple of Musk.

Tabellae Stomachicae.		Stomachical Tablets.
℞. Sacchari albissimi,	lb j.	℞. Double-refin'd Sugar,	lb j.
Aquae Stillatitiae corticum Citri,	℥ iiij.	Distill'd-water of Citron-peels,	℥ iiij.

Boyl them over a moderate fire to the consistency of a solid Electuary.

Deinde adde,		Then add,
Nucem Moschatam Saccharo conditam con∣tusam, & per Cribrum trajectam, Pulpae Pistaciarum,	ʒ vij.	One Nutmeg condited with Sugar, pow∣der'd and pass'd through a Sieve, Pulp of Pistaches,	ʒ vj.
Corticum recentium exteriorum Citri, & Arantiorum minime incisorum, Cinnaniomi electi, & Macis subtiliter pulveratorum, an.	ʒ ij.	New outward Citron and Orange-peels cut very small, Choice Cinnamon, and Mace finely powder'd, an.	ʒ ij.

Beat the Nutmeg in a Marble-mortar with a woodd'n pestle and six drams of pulp of Pista∣ches, and pass them through the wrong side of a Hair-sieve; cut the peels very small, powder the Cinnamon and Mace. Then put in first the Nutmeg and Pistaches, after that the Peels, then the Powders; and when they are all well-incorporated make up your Tablets.

These Tablets are of a most pleasing scent and odour. They are call'd Stomachical, because of their incomparable vertue to strength'n the Stomach, to increase the Ap∣petite and facilitate Concoction and Distribution of the Nourishment. They are marvellously effectual to expel Wind and hinder the putrefaction of the Humours. The dose is two drams fasting and just after meals, the use whereof you may continue as you see cause.

Tabulae contra Vermes.		Lozenges against the Worms.
℞. Rhabarbariel••cti,		℞. Choice Rhubarb,
Seminum Citri mundatorum,		Seeds of Citron Cleans'd,
C••••••ra Vermes,		Worm-Seed,
Portulacae,		Purslane,
Caulium, & Genist•• subtiliter pulverati, an.	ʒ iij.	Coleworts, and Brome finely powder'd, an.	ʒ iij.
Mercurii dulcis pulverat.	ʒ ij.	Sweet Merc••••y powder'd,	ʒ ij.
Sacchari Albissimi pulver••••.	℥ xvj.	Double refin'd Sugar powder'd,	℥ xvj.

Beat all the Ingredients into fine powder, mixe and incorporate them very well to∣gether with mucilage of Gum-Tragacanth drawn with Orange-flower Water, and hav∣ing reduc'd the whole into a paste somewhat solid, make up your Tablets each weigh∣ing a dram, of which give one or two to a Child in a morning, fasting, and three or four at a time to Persons of riper Years.

These Lozenges kill Worms in the Stomach and Bowels. They may be tak'n at any time in a morning fasting, but the best time is the three last days of the Moon.

Tabellae de Croco Martis Simplices.		Single Lozenges of Crocus Martis.
℞. Cr••ci Martis Nigri, junctione Sulphuris cum Chalybe c••••de••te parati, & subtiliter pulverat.	℥ j.	℞. Crocus Martis prepar'd by applying a a Cake of Brimstone to Steel sodering hot and powder'd,	℥ j.
Pulveris Cinnamomi elect.	ʒ ij.	Powder of pick'd Cinamon,	ʒ ij.
Sacchari optimi pulver••••.	℥ iiij.	Double-refin'd Sugar powder'd,	℥ iiij.

Incorporate them in a Marble-mortar with Mucilage of Gum-Tragacanth, veduce them into an indifferent thick paste to make your Lozenges, each of the weight of two drams or there∣about, which are to be dry'd in the shade.

These Tablets are chiefly against the Retention or Irregularity of the menstruums, drinking after it three or four ounces of white Wine or some Hysteric-water, and waking upon that for half an hour, not eating any thing in two hours afterwards. It may be tak'n for several days, and the use of it renew'd upon occasion.

Tabellae de Croco Martis Compositae.		Compound Tablets of Crocus Martis.
℞. Croci Martis Aperientis,	ʒ ij.	℞. Opening Crocus Martis,	ʒ ij.
Cinamomi acutissimi,		The most biting Cinamon,
Rhabarbari Electi,		Chos'n Rhubarb,
E••c••lar•••• ••ry••••i••, & Croci opt. subtiliter pulverat••rum, an.	ʒ ij.	Hard'n'd white Juice of Bryony-root, and The bestSaffron finely-powder'd, an.	ʒ ij.
Sacchari Albissimi in Aqua Art••misia s••lut. & in Electuarium s••lid•••• c••cti,	℥ ix.	Double-refin'd Sugar dissolv'd in Mug∣wort-water, and boyl'd to a solid Electary,	℥ ix.

When the Electuary is half-cold incorporate the powders, and make up your Tablets, each weighing about two drams.

These Tablets are highly esteem'd for provoking the menstruums, and freeing the M••tri•• from impurities. They op'n the obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, and all the Bowels, and are an excellent Remedy against the Green-sickness, Cachexies, Jaundice, Dropsies; as also Lienteries. For by opening obstructions, they facilitate the distri∣bution of the Nourishment. The dose is from two drams to half an ounce. They must be tak'n in a morning fasting, drinking after them two or three ounces of Wormwood∣wine, or else as much Mugwort-water, and walking upon that for half an hour; it may be tak'n for fifteen days together, and longer if necessity requires. Two hours after the Patient is at liberty to eat.

Tabellae Magnanimitatis.		Lozenges of Magnanimity.
℞. Pulpae Pistaciarum.		℞. Pulp of Pistaches,
Radicum Satyrionis conditarum,		Condited Roots of Satyrion.
Conservae Florum Rorismarini, & Confectionis Alkermes cum Ambra & Mosco paratae, an.	℥ ss.	Conserve of flowers of Rosemary, and Confection of Alkermes prepar'd with Amber and Musk, an.	℥ ss.
Truncorum Viperinorum, & Hepatum,		Bodies of Vipers, and Livers,
Margaritarum Orientalium praeparatarum, an.	ʒ iij.	Oriental Pearls prepar'd, an.	ʒ iij.
Seminis Erucae,	ʒ ij.	Seed of Rocket,
Renum Scincorum,		Reins of Land-Crocodiles,
Cardamomi minoris,		Lesser Cardamoms,
Radicis Galangae, an.	ʒ j.	Root of Galanga, an.	ʒ j.
Caryophyllorum,		Cloves,
Cinnamomi,		Cinnamon,
Macis,		Mace,
Ambrae Griseae, an.	ʒ ss.	Ambergrise, an.	ʒ ss.
Moschi Orientalis,	℈ ss.	Oriental Musk,	℈ ss.
Sacchari in Aqua Florum Arantiorum so∣luti, & in Electuarium solidum cocti,	lb j.	Sugar dissolv'd in Orange-water, and boyl'd to a solid Electuary,	lb j.

Beat the Pistaches, Satyrion-roots and Conserve of Rosemary-flowers in a Marble∣mortar; and strain the Pulp through the wrong side of a Hair-sieve. Pulverize the Bodies and livers of Vipers, and Land-Crocodiles; the Root of Galanga, the Cardamoms, Cloves, Mace, Ambergrise and Musk, mixe them with the prepar'd Pearls, and when the Su∣gar boyl'd in Orange-flower Water to a solid Electuary is half-cold, incorporate the Pulp, Confection and Seeds; and make your Lozenges about two drams each.

These Lozenges are highly esteem'd for those that are cold in the act of Venerie. Take one or two at a time at Night or Morning, drinking after it two or three ounces of Spanish-wine. They may be eat'n also in the Day-time between Meals, one Lozenge at a time, using them as long as necessity requires. In the mean time the Patient must take care to keep a good Diet, and to avoid melancholy.

CHAP. XIX. Of Powders.

THE Name of Powder is giv'n to dry Substances, when either by Art or Nature they are reduc'd into distinct particles, one from the other. This Natural redu∣ction happ'ns to Wood through rott'nness, as also to several Roots, and to Lime after it is burnt. But these Natural Powders are not the subject of this Chapter, which is to treat only of Artificial Powders, whose Substance may be divided into smaller or grosser parts, according to their diversity, and the necessity of the Apothecary. The way to make this Reduction I have spok'n of in the Chapter of Trituration. The ne∣cessity of Powders is allow'd both by the Galenic and Chymic-Pharmacy, without which the most part of Medicines are not to be prepar'd; but setting aside particular Pow∣ders prepar'd for particular Medicines, in this Chapter I shall only treat of those that go under the general Name of Powders, and are so acknowledg'd to be, as being most usually prepar'd and kept.

Pulvis Viperinus.	Powder of Vipers.
℞. Corpora Viperina cute spoliata, Capite & Cauda mutila, exenterata, servatis Corde & Hepate, & in umbra siccata, quantum li∣buerit.	℞. The Bodies of Viper's flea'd (the Head and Tail cut off, the Entrails tak'n out, reserving the Heart and Liver) as many as you please.

Wash the Bodies, Hearts and Livers with white Wine, and hang them up to dry in the shade. When they are perfectly drie, cut them very small with a pair of Scissors into a large Brass-mortar, and having beat'n them to powder, sift them through a Silk∣sieve, and keep the powder for your use.

The great applause that the greatest number of Naturalists have giv'n to Vipers, the gross mistakes of the Ancients, as well in relation to the parts of their Bodies, as the nature of their Venome, and the great use that has been made of them for this many Years, and particularly in this Age, have encourag'd me briefly here to describe the principal markes that distinguish them▪ from other Serpents, and give us an assur'd knowledg of them.

The Viper's Head, considering the proportion of her Body, is flatter and larger, then the Head of any Serpent. The end of the Snout turns up like a Pig's. The length of the Body is not above half an Ell, and the bigness not above an Inch. It has two large Teeth, crooked, hollow, transparent and very sharp, about 2 * 1.3 Lignes long, and as big as a little Pin towards the point, and a little more to∣wards the bottom, which other Serpents have not. They are strongly joynted into the foremost bones forward from the Scull, flexible in their joynting, and fix'd upon each side of the upper-Jaw. Below adjoyning to the root of these great Teeth, are others much a-like in shape and figure, but slenderer and much looser. These great Teeth lie generally bow'd toward the Throat of the Viper, but she can raise them, and make use of them to bite when she pleases, either in revenge or to kill her prey. The bottom of these great Teeth is environ'd with a little bag, contain∣ing, to the quantity of a drop, a Juice slimy, yellow, insipid and harmless, which proceeds from a great number of slimy-kernels, which the Viper has incluster'd behind each Eye toward the Temples, which is let out and kept in, as in a Receptacle, to discharge the superfluities of the Brain, to moist'n the Ligaments that belong to the Articulati∣on of the great Teeth, and to preserve their flexibility, and to nourish the other Teeth. The Viper has but one row of Teeth upon each Jaw, whereas other Serpents have two. The neck is not so long, and less thick; the Tail is also shorter then that of o∣ther Serpents, especially that of the Female. The Viper has no stinking smell in any part of her Body, whereas the inwards of other Serpents are so noysom as not to be endur'd. The Viper creeps very slow, nor can it shoot forwards as other Serpents do; though it be very quick and nimble to bite Man or Beast when provok'd. Some have vainly affirm'd that being hung by the tail it cannot rear it self. But though it cannot do it so quickly as other Serpents, however it will be sure to raise it self, and lay hold upon the Pincers with which you hold her by the tail. The Teeth of the Male are like those of the Female in number and shape, contrary to the opinion of the An∣cients, and his Natural-parts doubly cover'd with hard and sharp points. The Female has also a double Matrix, though the first entrance be not so. The upper-part of the Body of both are of two colours, the ground whereof is generally of a grey, more clear or more dark, or else of a yellow more inclining to gold'n, or to red. This Ground is very proportionably variegated with long spots of a brown colour inclining to black. The long Scales a-thwart the Belly, which serve them to creep withal, are of the colour of polish'd Steel. The Viper also differs from other Creatures in this, that she brings forth her Young-ones alive, whereas other Serpents lay Eggs, which they sit upon and hatch.

This Powder is very much enliven'd with the volatile Salt, wherewith the Vipers abound, which enables it to force its vertues through the Pores, though never so close∣shut, to the most remote parts of the Body. It is a singular Medicine to cure Scabs, Itches and Erysipelas; and particularly the Leprosie. It restores plumpness of Body to Persons wasted with long Agues and tedious Diseases. It gives remarkable relief to the Ptisical and Consumptive, preserves the Natural-heat, assists Concoction, and distribution of the Chylus. The use of it is very wholsom in Epidemic distempers, and

to prevent and overcome Venomes that act by a malignant occult quality, particularly that of the Viper, and all sorts of Serpents. It is to be tak'n fasting in Broths, Wine, or any other Cordial Liquor; or else incorporated with some Syrup, or in some Con∣fection like a Bolus. It may be also mix'd in Opiates, or in liquid or solid Ele∣ctuaries, as also among other Powders. The dose is from ten to twenty or thirty grains, as also to a dram. It works insensibly, not provoking Sweat, unless the dose be great. It may be also tak'n for a good while together.

Pulvis Comitissae Cantii, seu de Chelis Cancrorum.		The Countess of Kent's Powder: or, The Powder of Crabs-Claws.
℞. Extremitatum nigrorum pedum majorum Cancrorum marinorum,	℥ iiij.	℞. The black extremities of the feet of large Sea-Crabs,	℥ iiij.
Oculorum Cancrorum fluviatilium,		River-Crabs-Eyes,
Margaritarum Orientalium, &		Eastern-Pearls, and
Coralli Rubri praeparatorum, an.	℥ j.	Red-Coral prepar'd, an.	℥ j.
Succini Albi,		White Amber,
Radicis Contrayervae,		Root of Contrayerva,
Viperinae, seu		Spanish-Counterpoyson, an.	ʒ vj.
Contrayervae Virginianae, an.	ʒ vj.
Lapidis Bezoar,	ʒ iij.	Bezoar-Stone,	ʒ iij.
Ossis è Corde Cervi,	℈ iiij.	Deer's Heart-bone,	℈ iiij.
Croci,	℈ ij.	Saffron,	℈ ij.

All these being finely powder'd, let them be sprinkl'd with an ounce and a half of Spirit of Honey, and mix'd with Gelly of Vipers. Make up your Trochishes, dry them in the shade to be powder'd when use requires.

Take the Sea and the River-Crabs in the Month of June, while the Sun is in Cancer. Take and cut the Flesh from the extremities of the Claws, bruise the Claws and Crabs-Eyes in a Brass-mortar first, then grind them upon a Porphyrie, moist'ning them with some Cordial-water; and spread the Powder upon clean Paper, to be dry'd in the shade. Prepare the Pearl, Coral, and Amber-grise in like manner. Beat the Bezoar in a Brass-Mortar, and mix all the Powders. Then in a glaz'd-Earth'n-pot over a very gentle fire, boyl four large Vipers, well prepar'd, in a pint of Balm-water, till the Broth be re∣duc'd to the consistency of a Gelly. Strain it and press out the Vipers. Then put the Powders into a great Marble-Mortar; and when they have suckt up the Honey pre∣scrib'd, add at several times the Gelly of Vipers, till the whole Mass be become thick and solid enough to make Trochishes, to be dry'd and us'd as before.

The Gelly of Vipers, is not only to unite and bind the Powders together, and reduce them to a proper Paste and fit solidity, but to impart to the Composition, the Cordial, and Poyson-resisting vertue of the Vipers, though the Ancients neglected the Gelly of Vi∣pers, and refus'd it as Impertinent.

I might have plac'd this Composition in the Chapter of Trochishes, but I thought fit to imitate the English, from whence first it came, and who gave it the name of Powder.

This Powder is very famous, and in high request in England, against Epidemic Di∣stempers, particularly against the Small-pox, and Measles. It is also highly commend∣ded for the Plague, as well to preserve, as cure. For it strength'ns the Heart, and all the Noble-parts, against the malignity of these Diseases, against Pestilential-Air, and preserves them from all sorts of Infection. Nor is it less esteem'd in France, by Persons that know the vertue of it, and who have often try'd it with good success. The Dose and manner of using it, is the same with that of the Spi∣rit of Vipers.

Pulvis Aromatici Rosati.		Powder of Aromatic Rosatum.
℞. Rosarum Rubrarum exungulatarum sicca∣rum,	ʒ xv.	℞. Dry red-Roses cleans'd from their white bottoms,	ʒ xv.
Glycyrrhizae Rasae,	ʒ vij.	Scrap'd Liquorice,	ʒ vij.
Cinnamomi Acutissimi,	ʒ v.	Quick-biting Cinamon,	ʒ v.
Ligni Aloes,		Lignum Aloes,
Santali Citrini, ana.	ʒ iij.	Yellow Saunders, ana.	ʒ iij.
Caryophyllorum,		Cloves,
Macis,		Mace,
Nardi Indicae		Indian Spikenard,
Gummi Arabici,		Gum-Arabic,
Tragacanthi, an.	ʒ ij ss.	Tragacanth, an.	ʒ ij ss.
Nucis Moschat••,		Nutmegs,
Cardamomi minoris,		Lesser Cardamom.
Galangae, an.	ʒ j.	Galanga, an.	ʒ j.
Ambrae-Griseae,	℈ ij.	Amber-grise,	℈ ij.
Moschi Orientalis,	℈ j.	Oriental Musk,	℈ j.

According to the general Rules of Trituration, bruise and pound the Wood first in a brazen-Mortar, then add the Galanga, Liquorice, and Spikenard: which must be beaten for some time with the Wood: next add the Cinamon and Gums; Lastly, the Cloves, Nutmegs, Cardamoms, Mace, and Red-Roses: beat them among the rest, and sift the Powder through a fine silk-sieve. Then beat a-part in a little Mortar the Amber-grise, and Musk, mixing with them, never so little Oyl of Nutmegs, to prevent them from sticking to the Mortar, and having sifted them through the same sieve, mix them with the rest of the Powders; which will be then fit to be put up for use.

Were there a greater quantity of Gum-Arabic, and Tragacanth in the Powder, the best way would be to beat them apart in a large brazen-Mortar heated, but being so little, they may be conveniently enough beaten with the rest. It is not worth while to stand to cut the Woods, or the Spikenard, when you may do as well by beating them in the large Mortar, with the rest of the Drugs.

This Powder is highly esteem'd for strength'ning the Brain, and Stomach. It dissipates the superfluous moisture of the Entrails, resists Putrefaction, creates an Appetite, stays Vomitings, and want of retention in the Intestines, and is very proper to stren∣gth'n and restore such as are newly recovered from sickness. The Dose is from half a scruple to half a Dram in Wine, Broth, or any Cordial-Liquor. It may be reduc'd into a soft or solid Electuary, with a proportionable quantity of Sugar, or mixt with Opi∣ates, Potions, or other Medicines.

Pulvis Diarrhodon emendatus.		The Powder Diarrhodon, reform'd.
℞. Rosarum Rubrarum exungulatarum,	℥ j ss.	℞. Red Roses cleans'd,	℥ j ss.
Santali Citrini, &		Yellow-Saunders and
Rubri, an.	ʒ iij.	Red, an.	ʒ iij.
Ligni Aloes,		Lignum Aloes,
Cinnamomi,		Cinamon,
Rapontici,		Rhubarb of Pontus,
Nardi Indic••,		Indian-Spikenard,
Rasurae Eboris,		Shavings of Ebony,
Ossis e corde Cervi,		The bone of a Deers-heart,
Crooi,		Saffron,
Mastices,		Mastick,
Cardamomi minoris,		Lesser Cardamom,
Gummi Tragacanthi, &		Gum-Tragacanth, and
Arabici,		Arabic,
Succi Glycyrrhizae,		Juice of Liquorice,
Seminis Anisi,		Seed of Annise,
F••niculi,		Fennel,

Ocymi,		Basil,
Melonum, &		Melons, and
Cucumeris, mundatorum, &		Cucumbers, cleans'd and
Margaritarum praeparat••rum, ana.	ʒ j.	Prepar'd Pearls, an.	ʒ j.
Ambrae-grisiae,	Gr. viij.	Amber-grise,	Gr. viij.
Moschi Orientalis,	Gr. iiij.	Oriental Musk,	Gr. iiij.

Make a Powder according to Art.

They who will compare the Receipt of this powder, with that which is to be found in several Dispensatories, under the name of an Abbot, will find that the Doses are re∣form'd; that the Yellow-Saunders is put instead of the White, the shavings of Ivory▪ in the stead of Spodium or burnt-Ivory, Rhaphontic instead of Rhubarb, and that several Seeds are left out, which gave more trouble to the Artist, then vertue to the Medicine. There is no question, but that Yellow-Saunders is better than White, and that Rhubarb whose purgative vertue is not proper upon this occasion, ought to give place to Ra∣phontic, whose qualities agree with the purposes for which this powder was design'd. There is nothing superfluous in this powder, and the Doses and proportion of the In∣gredients are such, that the effects cannot but be answerable to what Writers have at∣tributed to this composition.

This powder is of great use to fortifie the Stomach, create an Appetite, and expel Wind. It is particularly appointed for maladies of the Liver and Spleen, Jaundies, Ptisicks, difficultness of the Intestines, Weaknesses and Faintings of the Heart. It also consumes the superfluous moistures of the Stomach. The Dose and manner of using this powder is the same with the preceding.

Pulvis Diamargariti Frigidi.		Powder of cold Diamargaritum.
℞. Margaritarum Orientalium praeparata∣rum,	℥ ss.	℞. Oriental Pearls prepar'd,	℥ ss.
Rosarum rubrarum exungulatarum,		Red-Roses cleans'd,
Florum Nymph••ae, &		Flowers of Water-Lillies,
Violarum, an.	ʒ iij.	Violets, an.	ʒ iij.
Ligni Aloes,		Lignum-Aloes,
Santali Rubri, &		Saunders Red, and
Citrini,		Yellow▪
Radicis Tormentillae,		Roots of Tormentil▪
Dictamni Albi,		White Dittany,
Pentaphylli,		Cinqu••foyl,
Baccarum Myrti,		Myrtle-berries,
Gran••rum Kermes,		Graines of Kermes,
Seminis Melonum excorticati,		Seeds of Melons husk'd,
Endivi••, &		Endive, and
Oxalidis,		Sorrel,
Rasurae Eboris, &		Shavings of Ebony,
Cornu Cervi,		Harts-horn,
Coralli Albi, &		Coral White, and
Rubri pr••paratorum, an.	ʒ ij.	Red prepar'd, an.	ʒ ij.
Ambrae-Grisiae, &		Amber-grise, and
Foliorum Auri, an.	ʒ ss.	Leaves of Gold, an.	ʒ ss.
Moschi Orientalis,	Gr. iiij.	Oriental Musk,	Gr. iiij.

Make a Powder according to Art.

There is no composition in request, the Receipt whereof varies more in all Dispen∣satories then this Powder, that bears the name of no Authour. However, I am per∣swaded that this very Receipt is not inferiour to any of the other, as well for the choice as for the Doses of the Ingredients. This Powder carrie•• the name of Pearls, which are the foundation of it, and are us'd in greater quantity here, then any other of the Ingredients. It is call'd cold, because it admits of many cold Ingredients, or else but moderately hot, and to distinguish it from another which is nam'd the hot,

which is not now in use. The preparation of this Powder is like the former.

The principal use of cold Diamargaritum is to strength'n the Noble-parts, restore their languishing force, to cure fainting and Swouning-fits, in Fevers, and other Disea∣ses. It is giv'n to Asthmatic, and Consumptive persons, and to those that are wasted and brought low by long sickness. The Dose and manner of using, are the same with other Cordial-powders, which I have already set down.

Pulvis Laetificans.		A Powder creating Chearfulness.
℞. Semini•• Ocymi Caryophyllati,		℞. Seeds of Clove-Basil,
Croci,		Saffron,
Zedoariae,		Zedoary, or Set-wall,
Santali Citrini,		Yellow-Saunders,
Caryophyllorum,		Cloves,
Corticis exterioris Citri sicci,		Outward peel of Citron, dry,
Galangae,		Galanga,
Macis,		Mace,
Nucis Moschatae,		Nutmeg,
Storacis Calamitae, an.	ʒ ij ss.	Calamite Storax, an.	ʒ ij ss.
Rasurae Eboris,		Shavings of Ivory▪
Seminis Anisi,		Annise-seed,
Thymi,		Thyme,
Epithymi,		Dodder of Thyme,
Margaritarum Orientalium praeparat,		Oriental Pearls prepar'd,
Ossis é corde cervi, an.	ʒ j.	Deer's Heart-bone, an.	ʒ j.
Ambrae-Grisiae,		Ambergrise,
Moschi Orientalis,		Oriental Musk,
Foliorum Auri et		Leaves of Gold, and
Argenti, an.	℈ j.	Silver, an.	℈ j.

Make a Powder according to Art.

It imports not to know the Name of the Inventor of this Powder, the Receipt whereof agrees indifferently well in most Dispensatories. You may follow this which I have here set down; the Preparation being the same with the former. You must know, that though the Leaves of Gold and Silver may contribute some vertue to this, and other compositions; yet they are here chiefly us'd for Ornament. For which rea∣son they are not usually pulveriz'd and jumbl'd with other Ingredients, but cut in little distinct bits, for beauty's fake, as Pills, and Cordial-Opiates are wrapt up in them to take away the ill tast.

This Powder is highly esteem'd to correct the cold and moist temperature of the Sto∣mach and Liver, to help Digestion, and restore the Appetite. It is also very proper a∣gainst Weaknesses, and Palpitations of the Heart, to restore a good habit of Body, and to bring a good colour into the Face, to keep the Breath sweet, restore decay'd Strength, and dissipate Melancholy that proceeds from an Internal or no real cause. The Dose is the same with the preceding Powders.

Pulvis Diatrion Santalon.		Powder of the three Saunders.
℞. Santali Citrini,		℞. Saunders Yellow,
Albi, et		White, and
Rubri,		Red,
Seminis Violarum,		Seeds of Violets,
Rosarum Rubrarum Exungulatarum, an.	℥ ss.	Red Roses cleans'd, an.	℥ ss.
Rapontici,		Pontic Rhubarb,
Rasurae Eboris,		Shavings of Ivory,
Succi Glycyrrhizae, an.	ʒ ij.	Juice of Liquorice, an.	ʒ ij.
Gummi Tragacanthi, ••t		Gum Tragacanth, and
Arabici,		Arabic,

Seminum Endiviae,		Seeds of Endive,
Portulacae, &		Purslain,
Melonis excorticati, an.	ʒ j.	Melons husk'd, an.	ʒ j.

Make a Powdor according to Art.

They that desire to make the Powder more red, beginning with the Saunders, must moisten them with Rose-water, and beat them a long time, and moisten them often, till they are sufficiently colour'd, and when they are dry, add the other Ingredients, and perfect the Powder, which must be sifted through a fine silk sierce.

I am of opinion that the Amydon, or flower of pounded Wheat, together with some part of the Seeds were with judgement left out; for besides that the Amydon signifies nothing, the excess of Seeds might cause putrefaction in the powder.

This powder is highly commended against Diseases that proceed from weakness, or ill habit of the Liver; to temper the heat of the Entrails, to digest and discuss matters gather'd together at the end of Agues. It is also very proper in faintings of the Heart, Jaundies, and Ptisicks. It is giv'n inwardly in Potions, Opiates, and Electuaries, and outwardly apply'd in Epithems, Frontals, and Liniments.

Pulvis Pannonicus.		The Hungarian Powder.
℞. Boli Armenae, &		℞. Bole Armonack, &
Terrae Lemniae, an.	℥ j ss.	Lemnian Earth, an.	℥ j ss.
Margaritarum Orientalium,		Eastern Pearls,
Lapidum Hyacinthorum,		Stones, Jacinths,
Smaragdorum,		Smaragds,
Saphyrorum, et		Saphyrs, and
Rubinorum, et		Rubies,
Coralli Albi, et		White-Coral, &
Rubri, praeparatorum,		Red prepar'd,
Radicum Tormentillae,		Roots of Tormentil,
Doronici, et		Doronicum or Wolfs-bane, and
Dictamni Albi,		White Dittany,
Santali Citrini,		Yellow Saunders,
Rasurae Ʋnicornis, et		Shavings of Unicorns-horn, and
Eboris, an.	℥ ss.	Ivory, an.	℥ ss.
Corticis Citri exterioris sicci, et		Dry outmost Citron-rind, and
Seminis Acetosae, an.	ʒ iij.	Seed of Sorrel, an.	ʒ iij.
Cinnamomi acutissimi	ʒ j.	Biting Cinamon,	ʒ j.
Caryophyllorum et		Cloves, and
Croci, an.	ʒ ss.	Saffron, an.	ʒ ss.
Folia Auri purissimi,	No. xxv.	Leaves of purest Gold,	No. xxv.

Rasp the Ʋnicorns-horn, and Ivory; beat the Pearls, Stones, as also the Coral, and Bole-Ar∣monac in a Mortar, then grind them upon a Porphyrie-stone, till the Powder is not to be felt, moistning them now and then with Rose-water: make them into Trochiskes and let them dry in the shade. Beat the Ʋnicorns-horn and Ivory, in a great Brazen-Mortar, with the Saunders and the Roots; then put in the Cinamon, dry Citron-Peel, and then the Cloves, and Sorrel-seed, and sift them them through a silken sierce. Dry the Saffron and beat it apart; then having mix'd all the Powders with the Stones, Corals, Bole-Armonac, and Terra-sigillata, cut the Leaves of Gold in small bits. Mix an ounce and a half of this Powder with twelve ounces of fine Sugar dissolv'd in Rose-water, and you may boyl it up to the consistence of a solid Electu∣ary, and make it into Tablets.

Unicorns-horn is reckon'd among the number of Medicaments, which being but a part of a mixt body, bears the Name of the whole; so that when the Unicorn is only set down, the Horn is only prescrib'd. This Creature is by the Greeks called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, by the Latins, Ʋnicornis. Writers vary very much about the description of this Animal. The most part make it in the body to resemble a Horse, and that he has one horn wreath'd like a Periwinkle-shell, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter, fix'd at the upper part of the fore-part of the Head; streight and pointed at the end. However, none

of them affirm that they have seen the Creature which they describe, nor do they say where he is bred. And therefore some question whether the Unicorn spoken of in the old Testament, were a Beast like that which our Naturalists have describ'd under the shape of a Horse, and whether it did not mean the Rhinoceros, by that which our In∣terpreters call a Unicorn, though the streight and twisted shape, and white colour which the Naturalists attribute to the Unicorn's-horn, is nothing agreeable to that of the Rhino∣ceros, which is not twisted, but crooked from the bottom, with the end turn'd upward; and besides is of a brown colour. But among all these contests of Natural Philoso∣phers, my thoughts are that there is no such Unicorn in the World as they have de∣scrib'd; but that this white, hard, heavy, twisted horn, hollow within, and from one to two ells long, which we use in Physic, is the horn of a great Fish which is found in Groynland, which the Islanders call Narwall. This horn serves him as a defence against other Fish, and to kill the greater Whales, of which he is so fearless, that he will endea∣vour sometimes with a great impetuosity, to bore a hole in a great ship. The horns of this great Fish were formerly very rare, and the Fish that bare them very little known. But the frequent fishing in those Seas, have rendred them less rare in England, Holland, Germany, Denmark, and other places; and without seeking any farther, I have one by me at this present, longer and bigger then that in the Treasury of St. Dennis.

The rarity of this Horn was the reason that it was so much esteem'd in former times, and that they attributed such extraordinary vertues to it, as well in resisting poy∣son, as against the Small-pox, Measles, and all Epidemic Distempers. Insomuch, that we see in the Cabinets of great Persons long pieces of this horn adorn'd and enchac'd in Gold, as being still esteem'd a most precious rarity, and of an inexhaustible ver∣tue, that imparts it self without wast to all Liquors wherein it is infus'd, like Regulus or Glass of Antimony. But though the volatile salt with which this horn abounds, may produce the effects expected from it; yet the vertue once imparted to any Liquor by the horn is lost for ever to that part; as it happens to Harts-horn or Ivory, whose parts are much of the same nature with this Unicorn's-horn, which being boyl'd or in∣fus'd loose all their vertue.

Doronicum is a Plant which many of the Ancients describ'd under the name of Aco∣nitum Pardalianches, Plantaginis folio, the Leaves being like Plantain, but yellower. The Flowers are like those of the Corn-Marigold. The Root here prescrib'd is knotty and bearded, of a sweetish tast, and viscous substance. It kills Leopards, Wolves, and Dogs, and the most part of four-footed Beasts, though it is not hurtful to Man, but rather a great Antidote against Poysons.

This Powder is very much us'd in the North-parts, especially in Germany, where it is us'd in Malignant Fevers, and all Epidemic Distempers, and against all sorts of Poy∣sons. It prevails wonderfully against the Small-pox, for it expels the malignity forth, and strength'ns the Noble-parts. They usually dissolve it in some Cordial-water, sweetn'd with Syrup of Gillow-flowers, Lemons or Granates, and take it fasting from half a scruple to half a dram. The Tablets tak'n one in a morning fasting, produce almost the same effect against Pestilential-Air.

Pulvis Antipilepticus, D. D. D'AQUIN.		An Antipileptic Powder by Monsieur D'AQUIN.
℞. Radicis Paeoniae maris, in eunte vere, & decrescente Luna col∣lectae, &		℞. Roots of Male-Piony gather'd at the beginning of the Spring, in the de∣crease of the Moon, and
Seminis ejusdem,		Seed of the same,
Radicis Dictamni albi,		Roots of white-Dittany,
Visci Quercini,		Misletoe,
Rasurae Cranii Hominis violenta morte perempti,		Shavings of a Man's Skull that dy'd a violent death,
Ʋnicornis,		Of Unicorn's horn,
Eboris,		Of Ivory,
Ʋngulae Alcis, an.	℥ j.	Hoof of an Elke, an.	℥ ••

Margaritarum Orientalium,		Oriental Pearls,
Lapidum Hyacinthinorum, &		Jacinth-Stone, and
Coralli Rub. praeparatorum an.	℥ ss.	Red Coral prepar'd, an.	℥ ss.
Seminis Ocymi Caryophyllati,		Seeds of Clove-Basil,
Florum Tiliae,		Flowers of Tylet,
Betonicae,		Betony,
Lillii Convallium, an.	ʒ ij.	Lilly Convally, an.	ʒ ij.
Ambrae-Grisiae,	℈ ss.	Amber-grise,	℈ ss.
Orientalis Moschi,	Gr. vj.	Oriental Musk,	Gr. vj.
Folia Auri purissimi,	No. xv.	Leaves of finest Gold,	No. xv.

Procure the Ingredients true, take only the end, or tip of the Elk's-Horn, and rasp it, and prepare the Powder as before.

The Elke by the Latins call'd Alce, is a Creature that breeds in the Woods of the Northern Countries, particularly in Norway, as big as a large Horse, of a fallow co∣lour, and somewhat shap'd like a Hart, but bigger and fuller-body'd. He has a Leg long and slender, and a foot cloven like the Hart; but his Horns are flat and broad, like those of a fallow-Deer's, and hairy toward the lower end. Some Natural Philoso∣phers report this Beast to be so swift, that it were impossible to take them, did not they that hunt them observe the time, when they are troubled with the falling-sickness, which oft-times happens, and then take them before they have strength enough to put their left foot in their Ears. For if they give them time, they immediately recover, rise, and run for their lives. Which is the reason that the Elk's-Hoof is said to have power a∣lone to cure the Epilepsie, being either tak'n inwardly, or hung about the Neck of the Patient.

Children born in the Southern Countries are more subject to Epilepsies, then those that are born in the Northern Climates; and more subject to Worms, which oft-times cause their Epilepsie. These Epileptic Powders are of great use, both for little and great. They prevail greatly against the Apoplexy, Palsie, and all Diseases proceeding from abundance or over-flowing of humours in the Brain. The same Dose as of other Cordial Powders is usually given in Cephalic Waters. They may be also mix'd with Opi∣ates, Tablets, or other Remedies.

Pulvis contra Rabiem.	A Powder againg Dog-madness.
℞. Foliorum Rutae,	℞. Leaves of Rue,
Verbenae,	Vervain,
Salviae Minoris,	Lesser Sage,
Plantaginis,	Plantain,
Polypodii,	Polipody,
Absinthii Vulgaris,	Vulgar Wormwood,
Menthae,	Mint,
Arthemisiae,	Mugwort,
Melyssophylli,	Balm,
Betonicae,	Betony,
Hyperici,	St. John's-wort,
Centauri Minoris, an. partes ae∣quales.	Lesser Centaury, an. equal parts.

Gather all these Herbs about the Full of the Moon in June, when every one of them flourishes in its greatest vertue; and in fair Weather, make them up into little bundles, bind them about with Paper, and hang them in the Air out of the Sun to dry. When they are quite dry, beat them in a large Brazen Mortar, and sift the Powder through a silken sierce.

This Powder was invented by Monsieur Pirou, and the Receipt is in a Treatise of the biting of a Mad-dog, writt'n by Monsieur Palmerius, a Physician of Paris, who affirms that he has often try'd it, and seen the wonderful* 1.4 effects of it, and that they that us'd it, had been cur'd of the * Fear of Water, so that they never had the Distemper; and that they that had it, had been freed from it by taking this Powder, provided they had

not been bit in the Head, in the parts above the Teeth, or that they had not wash'd the part bitt'n with Water; in which cases he believes there is little hopes of cure.

Though the being plung'd into Sea-water, is accounted an infallible remedy against the biting of mad creatures, and that those who are near it, generally have recourse thereto: Yet this Powder deserves to be prepar'd for those that live at a distance from it. And I have had the opportunity formerly to prepare it exactly at Mr. Noel Si∣mard's in Blois, where I was a witness of the great vent he had for this Powder, espe∣cially into the Countrey, and have heard the great applause that was given to it. He or∣der'd it to be taken mix'd with half a dram of Powder of Vipers, in half a glass of good White-wine, in the Morning fasting, repeating the Dose for nine days one after ano∣ther, and sometimes fifteen, for more security; and he assur'd me, that all that had tak'n it were cur'd. Monsieur Palmarius advises to augment the Dose for strong Per∣sons; which I am perswaded may be done, there being no Ingredient in this pow∣der, to hinder the augmentation of the Dose. There are some that advise the Patient, at the time of taking this powder, to lay bruis'd Parsley upon the place bitt'n, which is no bad counsel.

Pulvis pro Dentifricio.		A Powder for a Dentifrice.
℞. Radicis Ireos Florentiae,		℞. Root of Florence-Orrice,
Lapidis Pumicis,		Pumice-Stone,
Cornu Cervi, ustorum,		Harts-horn burnt,
Coralli Rubri praeparati,		Red-Coral prepar'd,
Ossis Interioris sepiae,		The inner-Bone of the Cuttle-fish,
Cremoris Tartari tenu issime Pulveratorum, an.	℥ j.	Creme of Tartar very finely pulveriz'd, an.	℥ j.
Moschi Orientalis, Civet, an.	℈ ss.	Oriental Musk, Civet, an.	℈ ss.
Oleorum stillatitiorum ligni Rhodii, Caryophyllorum,		Distill'd Oyls of Lignum Rhodium. Cloves,
Cinamomi, an.	Gut. ij.	Cinamon,	Drops ij

Mix them all well, and keep the Powder for use.

You must be careful to reduce all the Ingredients into an impalpable powder, for fear of fretting the Gums. You may easily incorporate the Musk pulveriz'd, the Civet, and the distill'd Oyls, with the rest of the powders, without any fear of their being too clammy. No less easie will it be to reduce this powder into an Opiate by the mix∣ture of equal parts of Syrup of Mulberries and Kermes, to give it the consistency of an Opiate.

I know there is no want of powders and Opiates to whit'n the Teeth. But not to slight private Receipts, nor such as are in the Dispensatories, I dare be confident that this is as good as any to cleanse and whit'n the Teeth, whether made use of in powder or reduc'd to an Opiate. For it not only cleanses and whitens the Teeth, but fast'ns them, and keeps them from Rotting. The Syrups must be mix'd with the Powders in a Marble-mortar.

Pulvis alius compendiosior ad idem.		A more compendious Powder for the same.
℞. Lachrymarum elegantium Sanguinis Draconis, &		℞. The Neat Tears of Dragon's Blood, and
Aluminis Romani usti, subtilissime pul∣verat. an.	℥ ij.	Roman Alum burnt, most finely pow∣der'd, an.	℥ ij.
Moschi Orientalis,	Gr. iiij.	Oriental Musk,	Gr. iiij.

Mix them occording to Art for use, or else reduce them into an Opiate with equal parts of the aforesaid Syrups mingled with the Powders.

This powder, though compos'd of fewer Ingredients, is not inferiour to the former, though not so cheap, because of the dearness of the Dragon's Blood in Tears. The richer sort, that value not expence, may add powder of Pearls, which will make the O∣piate and powder never the worse.

The use of this powder is to rub the Teeth gently, Morning and Evening, or at any other time.

Pulvis Cephalicus Odoratus.		An Odoriferous Cephalic Powder.
℞ Radicis Ireos Florentiae,	℥ viij.	℞. Root of Florence-Orrice,	℥ viij.
Santali Citrini,	℥ iiij.	Yellow-Saunders,	℥ iiij.
Florum Lavendulae,		Flowers of Lavender,
Rosarum Rubrarum, &		Red Roses, and
Summitat. Majoranae, an.	℥ iij.	Tops of Marjoram, an.	℥ iij.
Styracis,		Storax,
Benjonis, ana.	℥ ij.	Benjamin, an.	℥ ij.
Takamahackae Odoratae,		Odoriferous Takamahacka,
Florum Lillii Convallium, an.	℥ j.	Flowers of Lilly of the valleys, an.	℥ j.
Caryophyllorum,	ʒ ij.	Cloves,	ʒ ij.
Laudani,		Laudanum,
Acori Veri, et		The true sweet smelling flag, or Acorus, and
Cyperi Rotundi, an.	ʒ j.	Round-rooted Cyperus, an.	ʒ j.

Make them into a Powder thicker then ordinary; to which for the richer sort add of Musk, Civet, and Ambergrise, of each ten or twelve Grains.

This powder is usually apply'd, as well outwardly, as inwardly, which is the reason you need not beat them very small. The principal use of it is for Quilted▪ caps; the vertue of it is to strength'n the Brain. It may be also sow'd up in little cushions, or bags, and worn▪ upon the Stomach or Heart, carry'd in the pocket, ••aid upon the pillow in Bed, or put among cloths and linnen in Chests, for the same purpose.

Pulvis contra Vermes.		A Powder to kill Worms.
℞. Seminis contra Vermes,		℞. Wormseed,
Citri mundati,		Seed of Citron cleans'd,
Genistae,		Broom's
Portulacae,		Purslain,
Caulium,		Coleworts,
Rhei Electi,		Choice Rhubarb,
Scordii,		Water Germander,
Centauri minori,		Lesser Centaury,
Radicis Gentianae,		Root of Gentian, &
Rasurae Cornu cervini, an.	℥ j.	Shaving of Harts-horn, an.	℥ j.

Reduce them all into a very fine Powder to be kept for use; when you use it, add some few Grains of Mercurius Dulcis.

This powder contains a collection of all that Physic has of specific against the Worms. The Dose is from half a scruple to half a dram, and as far as a dram, for those that are of Age. It may be giv'n in Wine, in Scordium, or Water-Germander, Purslain, or Orange-flower-water, or in a rosted Apple, in some Syrup, or Conserve. It may be mix'd in Opiates and Potions. It may be giv'n with some grains of Mercurius Dulcis, but then care must be tak'n that the Mercury be well mix'd, and that it do not sink to the bottom of the Glass, If their be occasion, this Powder may be made pur∣gative, by mixing with it some Grains of Rosin of Scamony or Jalap; which oft-times succeeds very well, the Worms being thereby carry'd away which the powder has kill'd. The three last days of the Moon are to be made choice of, if possible to give this, and all other Remedies against the Worms, as proving then most successful.

Pulvis Digestivus.		A Powder for Digestion.
℞. Pulveris Viperini,		℞. Powder of Vipers,
Seminis Faeniculi dulcis,		Sweet Fennel-Seed,
Anisi, &		Seeds of Anise, and
Coriandri, an.	℥ j.	Coriander, an.	℥ j.
Dauci, &		Wild-Carrot, and
Ameos Creticorum, an.	℥ ss.	Bishops-weed of Candy, an.	℥ ss.
Corticis exterioris Citri sicci,		Outward rind of Citron dry'd,
Cinnamomi acutissimi, an.	ʒ iij.	Sharp-biting Cinnamon, an.	ʒ iij.
Caryophyllorum,		Cloves,
Macis, an.	ʒ j.	Mace, an.	ʒ j.

Make all these into powder to mixe with equal or double the weight in Sugar.

This Powder is not unpleasant, half a spoonful or a spoonful may be tak'n just after meals as long as necessity requires. It cherishes the Natural-heat, fortifies the Stomach, helps Concoction, expels wind, preserves the Appetite, and restores it to those that have lost it; corrects the noysom steams of the Stomach, and the ill-smells of the Mouth. The adding of two drams of Ambergrise to this Composition will increase all its vertues.

Pulvis contra Abortum.		A Powder against Abortion.
℞. Margaritarum Orientalium praeparatarum,		℞. Oriental-Pearls prepar'd,
Rasurae Ʋnicornis, &		Shavings of Unicorns-horn, and
Eboris,		Ivory,
Succini albi,		White Amber,
Coralli Rub. praeparatorum,		Red-Corral prepar'd,
Mastiches,		Mastick,
Seminis Plantaginis,		Seed of Plantain,
Granorum Kerme••▪		Grains of Kermes,
Santali Rubri,		Red-Saunders,
Terrae Lemniae, &		Seal'd-Earth, and
Radicis Tormentillae, an.	℥ ss.	Root of Tormentil, an.	℥ ss.
Macis,	ʒ j.	Mace,	ʒ j.
Caryophyllorum,	℈ j.	Cloves,	℈ j.

Make all these into a powder according to Art, mixing therewith six Leaves of pure fine Gold. When the Patient takes it, sweet'n it with an equal or double weight of Sugar.

This Powder has been giv'n to strength'n the Infant in the Womb, and to prevent Women from crying out before their time.

It is to be tak'n fasting, in an Egg, in Broth or some Syrup or astringent Confecti∣on, and the use of it may be continu'd as occasion requires. During which time it is necessary for Women that take it to keep their Bed. The dose is from half a Scruple to a Scruple, to those that are to continue the use of it. But half a dram or a whole dram may be giv'n to strong Women, if there be occasion, and when the danger is great. The same dose may be giv'n against weaknesses, and want of Retention in the Stomach; as also in case of Diarrheas, Dysenteries, Lienteries, and other Diseases that proceed from weakness of the Stomach. The Preparation is the same with the rest.

Pulvis ad difficilem Partum.		A Powder for Women in Child-birth.
℞. Testiculorum Equi in clibano, ex Arte sic∣catorum,		℞. The Stones of a Horse bak't in an Ov'n according to Art,
Cinnamomi acutissimi,		Sharp-biting Cinnamon,
Nucleorum Dactylorum,		Date-Kernels,
Boracis,		Borax,
Croci, &		Saffron, and
Foliorum Sabinae siccorum, an.	ʒ ij.	Leaves of Savine dry'd, an.	ʒ ij.
Trochiscorum de Myrrha,	ʒ j.	Trochishes of Myrrh,	ʒ j.

Make them into powder according to Art.

Put the Horse's Stones into a Glaz'd-earth'n-pot with a Cover well-luted on, set the Pot in a Baker's Ov'n when the Bread is tak'n out, and let it stand till the Stones are so drie that they may be powder'd. These Testicles thus dry'd may be kept in a Box close shut, to be made use of as occasion requires: for they may be left out as well as the Trochiskes of Myrrh and the Savine, where the Persons are too nice, or where there is not so much strength requir'd in the Operation.

Pulvis Hystericus.		A Hysteric Powder.
℞. Verrucarum ad genua Equorum enascen∣tium Verno tempore avulsorum, aut sponte procidentium,	℥ j.	℞. The Warts that grow within-side of a Horses Leg, cut away or falling off of themselves in the Spring-time,	℥ j.
Assae Faetidae,		Assa-fetida,
Cornu & Ʋngulae Hirci, an.	ʒ j.	Horn and Hoof of a Goat, an.	ʒ j.

Reduce all these into a gross powder. Cast about a Scruple of this Powder upon live-coals, to sit and receive the smoak into the parts affected, through a Tunnel.

This Powder is the most quick and certain Remedy that is against Suffocations of the Matrix.

Pulvis Jovialis Hystericus.		Hysteric Powder of Jupiter.
℞. Magisterii Jovis Anglici, aut Bezoardici ejusdem,		℞. Magisterie of English-Jupiter, or Bezo∣ardic of the same,
Matris Perlarum, &		Mother of Pearl, and
Coralli Rubri praeparat. an.	ʒ j.	Red-Coral prepar'd,	ʒ j.
Olei stillatitii Succini rectificati,	℈ j.	Distill'd Oyl of Amber rectify'd,	℈ j.

Reduce these into powder, and mixe them for your use.

This Powder cannot be too much commended, for the great help it gives against the most violent and most desperate suffocations of the Matrix, and for preventing its re∣turn. The dose is a Scruple in Hysteric-water, in the height of the Fit: and it may be tak'n three mornings after, to prevent its return.

Look for the Preparation of Magisterie and Bezoar of Jupiter in the third part of this Pharmacopoea.

Pulvis Sperniolae Crollii.		Powder of Frogs-Tedders, by CROLLIUS.
℞. Myrrhae electae,		℞. Choice Myrrh,
Thuris masculi, an.	℥ ij.	Male-Frankincense, an.	℥ ij.
Croci opt.	℥ ss.	The best Saffron,	℥ ss.

Gather the Sperm of Frogs in the Month of March, three days before the new Moon, at what time the Sperm stinks least, and is most proper to be distill'd. Distill it in Balneo Ma∣riae through a Glass-Alembic: Or rather at the same time gather a greater quantity of Frogs-Sperm, and put it into a trasparent Linnen-cloth; hang up the Bag and set a Vessel for the liquor to drop into it. Put the Liquor into a Glass-bottle, and set it in the Sun to puriefi, pouring out from time to time the liquor that is clear, and changing the Bottles, and putting the Liquor still in the Sun till it be all perfectly clear. Then powder the Myrrh, Frankincense and Saffron very fine, put the Powders mix'd together into a Plate of glass or white Earth, and having moisten'd them with the Frog-water, and reduc'd them to a paste, spread them in the Plate cover'd with a clean Paper and drie them in the shade: when the paste is drie, moist'n it again with the same Li∣quor, and drie it again, and repeat the same Preparation twenty or thirty times over; and the more the better. At last reduce the mass into a very fine powder, and add to it three drams of Cam∣phire powder'd with some few drops of Spirit of Wine: Keep this Powder in a Glass-bottle very well stopp'd.

This Powder is an excellent Medicine to stop internal Haemorraghia's; for the cold∣ness of the Frog-water coagulates the Blood. It also stays Vomiting and Spitting of Blood, and Bleeding at the Nose. It stops the progress of hot Gouts, and asswages their pain. It cools the Inflammation of Erisipela's, applying it soak'd in Vinegar up∣on the part. In two hours it mortifies a Whitlow, much more if it be steep'd in the Sperm∣water. It stays the Fluxes of Blood in Women, being tak'n in Plantain-water. The Water of Frogs-Sperm alone asswages of the Gout, mix'd with a little Alum. The Dose of the Powder is from three to five Grains in proper Liquors.

Pulvis Dysentericus.		A Powder against the Dysenterie.
℞. Terrae Lemniae,		℞. Seal'd-Earth,
Boli Armenae,		Bole-Ammoniac,
Rosarum Rubrarum,		Red-Roses,
Balaustiorum,		Pomegranate-Flowers,
Radicum Tormentillae, & Bistortae,		Root of Tormentil, and Snake-weed,
Lacrymarum Sanguinis Draconum,		Tears of Dragon's blood,
Coralli Rubri praeparati,		Red-Corral prepar'd,
Lapidis Haematites, an.	℥ j.	Blood-Stone, an.	℥ j.
Seminum Portulacae,		Seeds of Purslane,
Plantaginis, &		Plantain,
Sophiae Chirurgorum, &	℥ ss.	Flixe-wood,
Caryophyllorum, an.		Cloves, and
Macis, an.	ʒ ij.	Mace, an.	ʒ ij.

Reduce all these into powder according to Art.

This Powder is not only highly commended against the Dysenterie, but against all de∣fects of Retention in the Intestines and Stomach. The Dose is from one Scruple to one dram, or two when giv'n to strong Constitutions. It is giv'n in Wine, or in some a∣stringent Water or Decoction. It may be also tak'n like a Bolus in some Syrup in an Egg, or some astringent Confection. For the Rich you may add six Grain of Amber∣grise, and half a Grain or a Grain of Laudanum, if you desire more powerfully to stop the motion and acrimonie of the Humours: It may be tak'n oft'n, if occasion re∣quires, but still fasting.

There are some that beat Rye-flower in a Mortar, with Juice of ripe Elder-berries, and make a Cake of it, which they drie in an Ov'n and reduce to powder, the use whereof is much the same with this Dysenteric-powder.

Pulvis contra Haemorrhagiam.		A Powder against a violent Flux of Blood.
℞. Lapidis Haematitis,		℞. Blood Stone,
Nuclei Lapidis Aetitis,		Kernel of the Eagle-stone,
Terrae Vitrioli, post distillationem remanentis, lotae,		Earth of Vitriol that remains after di∣stillation, washt,
Boli Armenae,		Bole-Armonac,
Thuris masculi,		Male-Frankincense,
Caudae Equinae,		Smooth-leav'd Horse-tail, or Joynted-Rushes,
Centinodiae,		Knot-grass,
Terrae Lemniae,		Seal'd-Earth,
Cornu Cervi usti, &		Hart's-Horn burnt,
Gypsi, ana. partes aequales.		Parget, ana. equal parts.

Reduce all these into a powder for use.

This Powder is not to be tak'n inwardly. However it failes not to stop the blood of Wounds, Veins or Arteries apply'd alone, or incorporated with the white of an Egg or Vinegar, being bound upon the place with a Fillet. It stops Defluxions upon the Eyes,

being steept in the white of an Egg or Vinegar, and apply'd to the Temples. This Powder deserves to be prepar'd, and to be kept always in readiness upon all unexpect∣ed occasions.

Pulvis Diatragacanthi Frigidi, Correctus.		The Corrected Powder of Cold-Diatragacanth.
℞. Gummi Tragacanthi electi,	℥ ij.	℞. Choice Gum-Tragacanth,	℥ ij.
Arabici opt.	ʒ x.	Arabick the best,	ʒ x.
Glycyrrhizae, &		Liquorice, and
Amyli, an.	℥ ss.	Flower of Wheat, an.	℥ ss.
Seminis Papaveris alb.	ʒ iij.	Seed of white Poppy,	ʒ iij.
Quat. frigid maj. mund. an.	ʒ j.	Four greater cold cleans'd, an.	ʒ j.

Pulverize the Gums in a large Brass-mortar heated, as well as the Pestle, in such a quan∣tity that you may be sure to have the Dose prescrib'd when they come to be sifted. Bruise one part of the Seeds with the Liquorice, another with the Amydon, another with the Gums, after they have been sifted: by which means you shall re-sift the whole Powder again with the Seeds.

We find in other Receipts of this Powder three ounces of Penidiate, more Cold-Seeds by half, as also Camphire, which are all left out. They that know that Sugar boyl'd in Pennets and mix'd in Powders, presently causes their putrefaction, and that it reduces the powder to a kind of paste, cannot think it amiss to leave it out: besides that its vertue is not considerable, and for that this Powder is never us'd but mix'd with Sugar, or with Compositions mix'd with Sugar. Nor can they disapprove the a∣batement of some part of the Cold-Seeds, to prevent it from rendring the Powder greasie and clammy. Especially considering that if you design to keep the powder, 'tis better not to put the Seeds in at all till you are just going to use it.

This Powder stops Defluxions from the Brain upon the Brest, thick'ns the thin hu∣mours, smooths the roughness of the Aspera Arteria and the Lungs, and is of great use in all Diseases of the Brest. You may make Tablets thereof by adding an ounce and a half or two ounces of this Powder to a pound of Sugar boyl'd to a solid Electuary. It is also mix'd in some sort in Looches to remove in some measure the sharpness of Laxatives. It is never giv'n alone, and therefore it is needless to limit the Dose, which must be regulated by that of the Compositions wherewith it is to be mix'd.

If you would make this Powder more detersive, and more effectual to unloosen flegm and facilitate expectoration, add to it the double of its weight of Orrice finely-pow∣der'd; and by adding as much Sugar-candy powder'd as there is Gum-Tragacanth, you have the Simple-powder of Diaireos. Remember however that it is not good to put Sugar in Powders till you are ready to make use of them.

Pulvis Sternutatorius.		A Sneezing-Powder.
℞. Foliorum Marjoranae siccorum,		℞. Flowers of Marjoram dry'd,
Salviae,		Sage,
Betonicae,		Betonie,
Florum Lillii Convallium, an.	℥ j.	Flowers of the Lilly of the Vally, an.	℥ j.
Radicum Ireos Florentiae,		Roots of Florence-Orrice,
Ellebori albi,		White Ellebore,
Pyrethri,		Pellitory of Spain,
Seminis Nigellae Romanae, an.	ʒ ij.	Seeds of Roman-Nigella, an.	ʒ ij.
Summitat. Pulegii Regalis, & Serpilli, an.	ʒ j.	Tops of Penny-royal, and Mother of Thyme, an.	ʒ j.

Make a Powder according to Art.

This Sneezing-powder produces good effects in Apoplexies, Epilepsies, Lethargies, and other Diseases of the Brain that proceed from a cold cause: For it op'ns the pas∣sages for the cold humours that besieg'd it, excites and enliv'ns the Natural-heat, and enables the parts to expel superfluities, that hinder'd them from performing their ordi∣nary functions.

In extraordinary drowsinesses and sleepy-Lethargies, two drams of Euphorbium may be added to the Composition of this Powder. But not unless there be very great ne∣cessity, for fear the extraordinary operation of the Euphorbium cause so violent a de∣fluxion of Rhume as will be difficult afterwards to stop.

Pulvis Cornachinus.		The Cornachine-Powder.
℞. Scammonii purissimi sulphurati,	℥ ij.	℞. The purest Scammony sulphurated,	℥ ij.
Antimonii Diaphoretici,	℥ j ss.	Diaphoretic-Antimony,	℥ j ss.
Cremoris Tartari,	℥ ss.	Creme of Tartar,	℥ ss.

Reduce them all into a fine powder for use.

This Powder was call'd Cornachine, by reason that Cornachinus a Physician of Pisa was the Inventor, and has made a great Commentary upon it. The wonderful effects of it have been the reason that some Persons have attempted to alter the Composition by adding or abating. For some, instead of preparing Scammonie with the vapour of Sulphur, imbibe it several times in Tincture of Roses sharpen'd with Spirit of Wine or Spirit of Sulphur, reduce it into a paste with Oyl of sweet Almonds, and dissolve the Creme of Tartar in a Decoction of Mechoacan, and chrystallize it to put it into this Powder. But not to find fault with their good Intentions, this I can be bold to say, That upon an infinite company of Tryals I have made, I dare affirm that this Powder prepar'd as here prescrib'd, failes not to answer full expectation. And therefore 'tis a vain thing to keep such a stir about the preparation of Scammonie; it being enough to spread it upon a piece of paper, and hold it over a little burning-Sulphur. Which done, do but prepare the Powder right and observe the Doses, and you need not fear the working.

Some call it The Earl of Warwick's Powder; others Antimony-diagridiated; others Powder of Three.

This Powder operates, quickly, safely and pleasingly. It gently purges superfluous Humours from the Bowels, and roots up the cause and matter of Agues, and many other tedious Diseases. The Dose is from half an scruple to half a dram, and some∣times to a whole dram. It is to be tak'n in a morning fasting, in white Wine, in Broth, or some Hepatic-decoction. It may also be tak'n in the Yolk of an Egg, in a little Syrup, or in some Confection.

Pulvis Nephriticus.		A Nephritic-Powder.
℞. Oculorum Cancrorum Fluviatilium,		℞. River-Crabs Eyes,
Ossium petreorum Percarum, &		Stony-bones in the heads of Perches, and
Asellorum minorum,		Lesser Whitings,
Millipedarum siccarum,		Dry'd Cheslops,
Sanguinis Hirci praeparati, &		Goats-blood prepar'd,
Seminis Milii Solis, an.	℥ j.	Seeds of Gromel, an.	℥ j

Grind the Crabs-Eyes and Fish-bones upon Porphyrie, moist'ning them with Turnip∣water, observing the preparation of Precious-Stones. Take the Blood of a young Goat bred upon the Mountains, and there having fed upon Aromatic-herbs, drie the Blood in the Sun, spread upon Plates, till it be fit to be pulveriz'd with the Cheslops and Gromel-seed. Then sifting all the Powders together, the powder is finish'd.

The Ingredients of this Powder are very diuretic: the principal vertue whereof con∣sists in the volatile-salts wherewith they abound. And it is observable that there is nothing ac•••• in the whole Composition. For the mixture of acids among fix'd or vo∣latile Salts many times does but increase the Stone, by reason that by their proporti∣onal conjunction the Stones are form'd in the Body: so that there is nothing but the predominancy of the volatile or fix'd Salt above the acid, or of the acid above the fix'd or volatile Salts that oppose the growing of the Stone in the Body, or dissolve them when they are come to a Substance. The Dose of this Powder is from a scruple to half a dram. It is tak'n usually in white-Wine; and the use of it may be continu'd as occasion requires.

They that will be careful to prepare this Powder, need not care for that which goes in most Dispensatories under the Name of Lithontripon, or Lithontripticon, which is only a numerous collection of Medicaments much differing in quality, some of which are more proper to coagulate and shut up, then to dissolve and op'n.

CHAP. XX. Of Opiates, Electuaries, and Confections.

THE Name of Opiate, by right, ought not to be giv'n but to soft Compositions, where Opium is an Ingredient. But many times Confections, Antidotes, and E∣lectuaries are comprehended under that Name; so that there are some Compositions call'd Opiates, wherein there is no Opium at all; as well as the Names of Electuaries, Antidotes and Confections, to Compositions where Opium is mix'd. But not to exa∣mine the Liberties which the Writers have tak'n, I will only say, That Opiates, Con∣fections, Antidotes and Electuaries, are internal Remedies variously compos'd of Pulps, Powders, Liquors, Sugar, and Honey, and most frequently reduc'd to a soft consi∣stency to be put up close in Pots for use. Only solid Electuaries are to be excepted, of some of which I have spok'n in the Chapter of Tablets, having reserv'd the rest to be here inserted among Purgative-Electuaries.

It is a difficult thing to prescribe any just proportion for the Pulps, Powders, Sugar, or Honey, which must compose these Opiates and Electuaries; or to give a general Rule for the quantity of Liquor necessary to suck up the vertue of divers Medicaments, boyl'd or infus'd therein; as for the boyling of the Sugar or Honey; in regard the quantity of the one or the other may be augmented or abated, according to the na∣ture of the Ingredients, the purpose of the Physician, and the Palate and constitution of the Patient. For though the most usual proportion for Opiates, soft and solid Ele∣lectuaries Laxative, be about three ounces of Powder to a pound of Sugar, or Honey, and an ounce and a half or two ounces of Powder for Confections, or solid Cordial-Electuaries; this proportion is not always to be observ'd. For regard is oft'n-times to be had to the price, scarcity or nature of the Ingredients of the Powder, or the quantity or thickness of the Pulps which are to be made use of in the stead of Sugar or Honey, to the palate and constitution of the Patient, to the hardness of the Compo∣sition, or the easiness or difficulty to give them their due consistence; or to the making the Composition more purgative or Laxative. Wherein there is a great exactness to be observ'd, especially in the Doses of Laxatives and Narcoticques. For therein you must observe to a grain the quantity of Powder which an ounce of Ele∣ctuary can contain. To which purpose the Apothecary mu•••• be very careful justly to weigh every thing, and to make a true mixture, so that all the parts of the Composi∣tion may equally partake of the Powder and the Ingredients that compose it. Which ge∣neral Rule may suffice to those who will take the pains to observe my Method in the particular Preparation of these sorts of Compositions, whereby they will find the rea∣sons wherefore the proportions are not always to be the same.

Theriaca Andromachi Se∣nioris.		The Treacle of Andromachus the Elder.
℞. Trochiscorum Scilliticorum,	℥ xij.	℞. Trochishes of Squils,	℥ xij.
Viperinorum,		Of Vipers,
Magmatis Hedychroi,		The Dregs of Hedychroum,
Piperis longi,		Long-Pepper,
Opii Thebaici, an.	℥ vj.	Theban-Opium, an.	℥ vj.
Rosarum Rubrarum,		Red-Roses,
Succi Glycyrrhizae,		Juice of Liquorice,
Seminis Buniadis,		Seed of wild Navew,
Scordii,		Scordium,
Opobalsomi,		Opobalsamum,

Cinnamomi & Agarici, an.	℥ iij.	Cinnamon and Agaric, an.	℥ iij.
Costi,		Costus,
Nardi Indicae,		Indian-Spikenard,
Dictamni Cretici,		Cretan-Dittany,
Rhapontici,		Rhaponticum,
Radicis Pentaphylli,		Roots of Cinqfoyle,
Zinziberis,		Ginger,
Prassij Albi,		White-Hore-hound,
Stoechadis Arabicae,		Arabian-Cassidonie,
Schoenanthi,		Sweet-Rush,
Seminis Petroselini Macedonici,		Seed of Macedonian Stone-Parsly,
Calaminthae Montanae,		Mountain Calamint,
Cassiae Ligneae,		Cassia-Wood,
Croci,		Saffron,
Piperis Albi,		White Pepper,
Nigri,		Black,
Myrrhae Trogloditidis,		Ethyopic-Myrrh,
Thuris Masculi,		Male-Frankincense,
Terebinthinae Chiae, an.	℥ j ss.	Turpentine of Chio, an.	℥ j ss.
Radicum Gentianae		Roots of Gentian,
Acori veri,		True sweet-smelling Flag,
Meu Athamantici,		Athamantic-Spignel,
Valerianae majoris,		Bigger Valerian,
Nardi Celticae,		Celtic-Spikenard,
Amomi Racemosi,		Amomum with Clusters,
Chamaepityos,		Ground Pine,
Comae Hyperici,		Hair of St. John's-wort,
Seminis Ameos,		Seeds of Bishops-weed,
Thlaspeos,		Treacle-Mustard,
Anisi,		Anise,
Foeniculi,		Fennel,
Seseleos Massiliensis,		Hartwort of Marseilles,
Cardamomi minoris,		Lesser Cardamom,
Malabathri,		Indian-Leaf,
Comae Polii montani,		Hair of Mountain-Poley,
Chamaedryos,		Germander,
Carpobalsami,		Berries of the Balsom-Tree,
Succi Hypocistidos,		Juices of the Excrescence of Cistus,
Acaciae verae,		Of true Acacia,
Gummi Arabici,		Gum-Arabick,
Styracis Calamitae,		Mountain-Calamint,
Terrae Lemniae,		Lemnian-Earth,
Chalcitidis,		Chalcitis,
Sagapaeni, an.	℥ j.	Sagapenum, an.	℥ j.
Radicum Aristolochiae tenuis,		Roots of thin Birthwort,
Comae Centaurii minoris,		Hair of the Lesser Centaurie,
Seminis Dauci Cretici,		Seed of Cretan-Wild-Carrot,
Opopanacis,		Opoponax,
Galbani,		Galbanum,
Bituminis Judaici,		Bitumen of Judea,
Castorei, an.	℥ ss.	Castoreum, an.	℥ ss.
Mellis opt. despumati,	lb xxviij.	The best clarify'd Honey,	lb xxviij.
Vini Generosi,	q. s.	Strong Wine,	q. s.

I have here inserted this Receipt of the Treacle of Andromachus the Father, not only in reverence to Antiquity; but because I am verily perswaded that if care be tak'n rightly to choose all the Ingredients that compound it, and to make a more methodical Preparation then the Ancients did, that the Medicine may prove of great vertue.

I have deliver'd my thoughts upon this particular Receipt in the Treatise of Treacle, which I have printed at Paris in the Year 1668. whither I might refer the Reader. But to spare him that pains, I will here epitomise in a few words the Observations which I there made upon this Treacle Methinks that in the Preparation of Trochiskes of Squils he

has done very well to imitate Zwelfer, to make use of the Root of white-Dittany pul∣veriz'd instead of the Vetches, in regard that all Physic acknowledges the Cordial∣vertue of this Root, and that it is very proper to make the Squills sit for Trochiskes. Whereas the Vetches are of a very gross substance, have no Cordial-vertue, and are seldom us'd but in Cataplasmes; and never in any other internal Remedies then Trochiskes.

In the second place I am absolutely constrain'd to disallow of the ancient preparation of Trochiskes of Vipers, which was prescrib'd in that manner, because they had then no true knowledge of the Nature of Vipers, nor of their Venome, and because that the Havock which Hannibal's Vipers made in the Roman Ships, gave them occasion to think, very impertinently, that all the parts of the Vipers were venomous, and that it was impossible for them to have their Cordial and poyson-resisting vertue, without o∣vercoming by some Preparation that ill imagin'd-Venome, and of which they were so afraid in their ridiculous preparation of the viperine salt. And this was that which oblig'd them to whip them, before they cut off their Heads, and their Tails, and not to make any use at all of their Hearts, and their Livers; as also to boyl the Trunks flea'd, and quite dis-embowel'd in Water with Salt and Dill, till the flesh came from the Bone; and to mix the same flesh, so boyl'd, with a fift part of Bisket-bread powder'd, to make Trochiskes: Not considering that the provocation of the Vipers by whipping could not but alter and deprave all the parts of their bodies, so far it was, from sending to the Head, as they pretended, a Venome which is not to be found in any part of the bo∣dy, when the Viper is dead, nor when it is living neither, nor of which you can observe any ill effect, if she be not provok'd when she bites. Neither had they consi∣der'd that the Heart and the Liver have as much vertue as the flesh, or that the addition of Salt and Dill, are no way necessary; in regard the flesh of those Ani∣mals have no Venome; that they only serv'd to make an impression of heat and Acri∣mony; and that the Salt was opposite to their precepts of making choice of the breeding∣place of the Viper, directing that no use should be made of those that bred upon the Sea∣shore, by reason of the Salt things upon which they fed. Nor did they observe that they could not boyl Vipers in Water, till the flesh came from the bone, but that all the best part of their Juice and vertue must go into the Broth, as they might have seen by boyl∣ing their ordinary food. And lastly, they did not foresee that the Addition of a fift part of the Bisket-bread powder'd, void of any vertue, could not but be a burthen to the Viper's flesh, which was already depriv'd of its best parts; and that that quantity of Bread made up a moyety of the substance and weight of the Trochiskes when they were dry.

They who would not fall into these errours, and who in some measure to be conform∣able to Andromachus, would prepare Trochiskes, must not forget to make use of the Hearts and Livers of the Vipers, with their bodies dry'd in the shade, and reduc'd into fine powder. Let them then make a paste, somewhat solid, of this powder, with Malm∣sey, wherein they have dissolv'd never so little Gum-Arabic powder'd, and make it into flat, thin Trochiskes, which they must dry in the shade, and afterwards anoint with Bal∣som of Peru, as well for their preservation, as to give them a fragrancy.

If any object, that Andromachus never knew that the Vipers-bone was us'd in Tro∣chiskes; I answer, that if he had perfectly well known the parts of which they are compos'd; or if he had understood as I do, that there is both a volatile salt and oyl in the bone, and that more plentiful then in the flesh, he would not have omitted the use of them, and never have crumm'd his Bread into Trochiskes. I am perswaded also, that if he were now alive; if he had been present at all the truths which I have discover'd, and had been convinc'd of the truth of the reasons which I have deliver'd in my Book of Experiences upon the Viper, he would infallibly have for saken his own preparati∣on, and have adher'd to mine, and caus'd them to change their opinion, who innocent∣ly lead him into a mistake.

In the third place, forasmuch as most of the Ingredients that make up the compositi∣on of Trochishes of Hedychroum, are also us'd in the composition of Treacle; and for that these drugs cannot be beaten apart, nor the Trochiskes be made and dryed in the Air, without a great loss of their weight, as also of their vertue, considering also af∣ter all this, that the same Trochiskes are to be powder'd themselves among other Me∣dicaments of the Treacle; It may not be amiss to let the making of Trochiskes alone, dispensing the proportion of Drugs requir'd for their composition, among the Ingre∣dients prescrib'd for the composition of the Treacle; and so to powder the whole to∣gether, as things appointed for one and the same composition.

In the fourth place I cannot allow the opinion of the Ancients in the mixture of the Medicaments of the Treacle, whereby they direct the dissolving the Gums in Wine, to strain them through a cloth, and to boyl them afterwards to a consistency somewhat thick, to mix them afterwards in the composition; since there are several good reasons opposite to that Method. 1. Because there is no necessity to dissolve and strain the Gums which should be pure. 2. Because we cannot dissolve them in Wine, strain them, and boyl them to that consistency which they direct, without a great dissipation of the volatile parts whereof they plentifully consist, and wherein lyes their principal vertue. 3. Because by that means the spiritous part of the Wine dissipates, and the watry and Terrestrial part only remains. 4. Because that after the dissolution and straining of the Gums, though you may have augmented the weight, yet it is impossible regularly to observe the dose which the Author hath prescrib'd. And lastly, because that after you have put in the Gums very pure, by beating them among other Medicaments, the Powder becomes much better, by reason the viscous parts of the Gums stick to the light and dry parts of the other Ingredients of the Powder, which otherwise would be subject to dissipate, and by this means unless the Powder be too fatty, it beats better, and is made with less wast of its quantity and vertues.

As for the Opium, had it we in Tears that were pure, such as distills from the heads of the Poppy in the Country of Thebes, and such as Andromachus might have had in his time, it would be enough to beat it among other Ingredients, like the Gums in Tears. But by reason of the impurity of that which is brought to us, it is very proper to pre∣pare it in extract, according to the method which I shall prescribe when I come to speak of extracts; and to dissolve these Extracts in a little Wine, like that of Liquorice, and the Juices of Acacia, or the undergrowth of Cistus, as also Chalcitis, or the Stone that tryes Brass, and to strain through a Cloth these Extracts or Juices dissolv'd, to separate and cast off the impurities, to the end they may be mingl'd afterwards in the whole mass of the Treacle.

In the fifth place, I see nothing that should oblige us to imitate the Ancients in the despumation of Honey, by adding Wine to it; as well to prevent the spiritous part from flying away in the Ebullitions necessary for the despumation, and to the end the grosser part of the Wine may not remain among the Honey; as for that it is impossible that the Honey should be kept so long upon the fire, till the forreign moisture be consum'd, without a remarkable dissipation of its Aromatic parts, which are not the least. And for as much as we never put into Treacle any Honey but what is perfectly fine, I can find nothing more proper then to allow it a small Ebullition without any Addition, and after it is taken off the fire and cool, to scum it, and strain it through a hair-sieve. In regard that little boyling is sufficient to put it into a condition to suck up about two pints of Wine, which are enough for the dissolution of the Juices prescrib'd for this quantity of Treacle, and to give all the Ingredients mix'd and united together, the con∣sistency of an Opiate.

As for the Opo-Balsamum, or the Oyl of Nutmegs, which may be us'd in its stead; one part of the one or the other may be very properly mix'd with the dry Medicaments, when you make the powder without any fear that it should be too fatty. The surplu∣sage must be incorporated with the Turpentine.

The Trochiskes of Squills must be beaten among the rest of the Ingredients, which are to be pulveriz'd. The Saffron dry'd in a Stove, or by a moderate fire, may be beaten apart or with the rest of the Ingredients.

The Extracts being made and dissolv'd in wine, as also the Juices and the Powder being ready, the Turpentine must be melted with the Opo-Balsamum, or the Oyl of Nut∣megs, in Balneo Mariae, or over a very moderate fire. Fill three or four pints of Ho∣ney, scum'd and warm'd, into a large bason, mix therewith the Powder'd Saffron, if it were beaten apart; if not, mix therewith some part of the Powder, stirring the whole with a large woodd'n-Spatula; then add some pints of warm Honey; and after that put in some part of the dissolv'd Extracts and Juices, and continue adding successively, sometimes the Powder, sometimes the Honey, and sometimes the dissolv'd Juices and Extracts, till the mixture of all things be perfectly compleated. After that, mix the Turpentine, and the rest of the Opo-Balsamum or Oyl of Nutmegs incorporated: Stir the whole as long as you can, till the union and mixture of the whole be perfectly com∣pleated.

When the composition is quite cold, put it up into an Earth'n-Vessel glaz'd within, a third part larger then to contain the quantity of the Treacle, that it may have suffici∣ent room to swell, which the Treacle will do during Fermentation, which you may

hasten by putting the Vessel into a warm place. Stir the Treacle with a woodd'n Spatu∣la twice a week, about a quarter of an hour together every time, for the two first months, and repeat the same stirring once a Week for the next four months; which make in all six months; the time which all Writers judge necessary for the Fermenta∣tion of this Treacle. By this means you shall not only make a perfect Union of the substances, but also of the vertues of all the Medicaments, and then you may safely make use of this Treacle.

The considerable quantity of Opium in this composition, is the reason that it sensibly shews its Anodyne, or pain-easing, thickning, soporiferous qualities, especially when it is new, though the force of the other Medicaments is not diminish'd, which serves as a curb to its operation. Treacle being compos'd of a great quantity of hot Medica∣ments, ought to be very much esteem'd for the cure of cold Diseases, and of all those where the Natural heat is feeble and languishing, especially among the rest, of Palsies, Epilepsies, Convulsions, and all cold Diseases of the Head. It is proper against all Weaknesses, and want of retention in the Stomach, and Intestines; against the Di∣arrhea, Dysentery, Lientery, Morbus Cholera, and all sort of Cholicks; against Agues, and particularly the Quartan; against the Worms, against all sorts of poyson, the Pe∣stilence, Small Pox, the Measles, and all Epidemic Diseases; against the biting of mad∣dogs, and all sorts of Venemous Animals; against want of sleep, and griping pains in Children; against Hysteric-passions, the Jaundies, and an infinite sort of other Diseases.

It is tak'n in Bolus, and you may drink a little Wine after it if you please, or else dissolve it in Wine, or in Cordial-water. The Dose of it for Children, is from one grain to three or four, and sometimes six: For grown people, from a scruple to a dram; and two drams for strong constitutions, and upon urgent occasions. It may be laid upon the Stomach or Heart, like an Emplaister, or Epitheme, as well to strengthen, as to resist any malignity, and to kill Worms. It is also to be laid upon Carbuncles, and Buboes Pestilential or Venereal. It is also to be mix'd with Spirit of Wine, and with Oyls and Oyntments, to be laid to the Chine of the Back, and upon the weaken'd parts. It is also laid to the wrists, and soles of the Feet in the fits of intermitting Agues, and par∣ticularly the Quartan. It is mingl'd in Opiates, and in divers potions. It is giv'n as an infallible remedy to hinder the too great effect of purgative Medicines, and all sorts of superpurgations.

But because the mixture of so many several Ingredients in one only composition, has for a long time displeas'd many Persons who are able to judge; and for that they have believ'd with good reason, that there might be a Treacle compos'd of fewer drugs, and more effectual then that of the Ancients. And for that I am well inform'd that several Physicians, but more especially Apothecaries, have earnestly wish'd that such a one might be invented and publish'd; Monsieur D'Aquin the King's chief Physician has been pleas'd to give me the Receipt of a Treacle order'd according to his own way, to impart on his behalf to publick view; wherein you shall find Medicaments, not only well-dos'd, and well-proportion'd, but also admirably well-chosen, and which will cer∣tainly work all the good effects which can be expected from an excellent Treacle, provi∣ded you take care to have sound and good Ingredients, and prepare them well, and ob∣serve the method which I shall set down.

Theriaca Reformat D. D. D'AQUIN.		A Reform'd Treacle of Mon∣sieur D'AQUIN.
℞. Truncorum, Cordum, & Hepatum Viperi∣norum siccorum,	℥ xxiv.	℞. The Bodies, Hearts, and Livers of Vi∣pers dry'd,	℥ xxiv.
Trochiscorum Scilliticorum,		Trochiskes of Squills,
Extracti Opii Thebaici, an.	℥ xij.	Extract of Theban-Opium, an.	℥ xij.
Radicum Contra-yervae,		Roots of Spanish Counter-poyson,
Viperinae Virginianae,		Virginian Vipers-grass,
Angelicae,		Angelica,
Valerianae majoris,		The greater Valerian,
Meu Athamantici,		Cretan Spignell,
Gentianae,		Gentian,
Aristolochiae tenuis,		Slender Birthwort,
Costi,		Costus,

Nardi Indicae,		Indian-Spikenard,
Nardi Celticae,		Celtic-Spikenard,
Cinnamomi,		Cinamon,
Olei Nucis Moscatae per expressionem Extracti,		Oyl of Nutmegs prest,
Croci,		Saffron,
Dictamni Cretici,		Cretan-Dittany,
Folii Indi,		Indian-Leaf,
Scordii,		Water-Germander,
Calaminthae Montanae,		Mountain-Calamint,
Polii Montani lutei,		Yellow Mountain-Poley,
Chamaepityos,		Grand Pine,
Comarum Centaurii minoris & Hyperici,		Hair of the Lesser Centaury, and St. John's-wort,
Florum Stoechadis Arabicae,		Flowers of Arabian Cassidony,
Granorum Amomi Racemosi, &		Berries of Amomum, and
Cardamomi minoris,		Lesser Cardamoms,
Seminis Petroselini Macedonici,		Macedonian Stone-Parsley,
Ameos,		Bishops-weed,
Seseleos Massiliensis,		Seseli of Massilia,
Myrrha Troglodytidis, an.	℥ viij.	Aethiopian Myrrh, an.	℥ viij.
Resinae Styracis electae purissimae,		The purest Rosin of Storax,
Opopanacis,		Opopanax,
Sagapeni,		Sagapen,
Castorei, an.	℥ iv.	Castoreum, an.	℥ iv.
Extracti Mellaginei Granorum Juniperi,	lb lxxij ss.	Mellaginous Extract of Juniper-berries,	lb lxxij ss.
Vini Malvatici,	lb j ss.	Malmsey-wine,	lb j ss.

There is no need of preparing Trochiskes of Vipers for this Treacle, it being e∣nough to hang up the Bodies, Hearts, and Livers of the Vipers, to dry in the op'n Air out of the Sun, and to take the weight prescrib'd. The Trochiskes of Squills are pre∣par'd with the Powder of the Root of White-Dittany, as I shall shew in the Chapter of Trochiskes. Draw the Extract of Opium according to the method which I shall give in the Chapter of Extracts in the Third Part of this Pharmacopoea, and reduce it into an indifferent solid consistence.

The Root of Contra-yerva, or Spanish-Counter-poyson, grows in Charcis a Province of Peru. It is smaller then that of Orrice, reddish without, white within, knotty and fi∣brous. The smell is like that of Figg-leaves. The word which signifies in Spanish, Counter-poyson, comes from the Spanish Yerva, by which name the Spaniards call white-Hellebore, with the Juice whereof the Spanish Huntsmen are wont to poyson their Ar∣rows in the Countrey where the Contra-yerva grows. The tast of the Root is Aroma∣tic, accompany'd with a kind of Acrimony.

The Virginian Vipers-grass, is a kind of Contra-yerva, which grows in that part of Virginy possess'd by the Spaniards in the Northern Tract of America; it is very Aroma∣tic, and much esteem'd in England against Poysons, and all sorts of Venomes. For which reason it is added to the Root of Contra-yerva of Peru, in the Countess of Kent's Pow∣der, to which these two Roots do give its principal vertue.

What I have already said of the Roots of Angelica, Spignel and Gentian, speaking of Theriacal Vinegar, needs no repetition.

I cannot change my opinion as to what I have already said of slender Birthwort, in my Discourse upon Treacle. And say moreover, that for this, or the Treacle of An∣dromachus, you are to use no other Birthwort, then that which by Writers is call'd Pistolochia, Polyrrhizon, or the bushy-rooted Birthwort, because it is of a slenderer sub∣stance then all the rest, and in particular more abounding in vertue, then the Clematitis, or Spanish climbing Birthwort, which Matthiolus, and some others, his followers take for the slender Birthwort.

For it is not enough, that Dioscorides, Matthiolus, and Theophrastus, knew but three sorts of Birthwort, the long, the round, and the Clematitis: That the Clematitis has a slenderer Root then any of the three; That Matthiolus believ'd that it was to be made use of in the Treacle before the long or the round, and that it has in some places been

put into the Treacle instead of the slender Birthwort; it ought also to have been in∣quir'd whether there were no other sort of Birthwort in Europe; whether the Clema∣titis, had any other more evident marks of slenderness, then all the other Birthworts; and whether it surpass'd them in vertues, that we might certainly know it to be that to which Andromachus has giv'n the name of slender? Then it might have been seen that there are several other sorts of Birthwort, besides the three of Dioscorides, Matthiolus, and Theophrastus, and the Clematitis which Matthiolus, and some others take for the slender Birthwort: that instead of being slenderer then the rest, the stalks thereof are thicker and higher; the Leaves, Flowers and Fruits, larger and bigger, and the Roots much longer then those of all the other sorts of Birthwort, and in par∣ticular much bigger then those of Pistolochia or Polyrrhizon, or bushy-rooted Birth∣wort, of which all the parts are much more slender, then that of Clematitis, and all the other sorts. It might have been observ'd that the bushy-rooted Birthwort, which I have made choice of, has a taste, smell, and colour, both External and Internal, much more like to those of the long and round Birthwort, then to that of the Clematitis; which on the contrary differs much from the rest, especially in taste and smell. As for the vertues, though that Matthiolus believ'd that it was to be made use of in the Trea∣cle, for the slender Birthwort, in regard the Clematitis was the most slender that he knew, you shall find nothing in better Authors to support his opinion; On the contrary, you shall find, that the Clematitis is inferiour to the bushy-rooted Birthwort in vertue.

We shall find in Dioscorides, upon whom Matthiolus grounds his writings, that after he has extoll'd the vertues of the long and round Birthwort, at last, says he, Clematitis is thought to have the same effects, but it is inferiour in vertue. But he does not say, as his Commentator does, that it is to be put into the Treacle. We shall find that Ruellius, af∣ter he had extoll'd the vertues of the Birthworts, and above all, those of the bushy∣rooted, concludes in these words: That which is call'd Clematitis is thought to work the same effects, but more slowly. We may find in Daleschamp, that Clematitis is proper for the same uses that all the other Birthworts are, but that it is inferiour in vertue. And the same Authour citing Galen, where he speaks of Birthworts, saith, that the Clematitis is much more odoriferous, for which reason it is us'd in fragrant Oyntments; but that in Physic the Operation is less effectual then that of the rest. And the same Authour, quoting Aegineta, puts Clematitis among the Medicaments that evacuate Choler, which is no effect expected from the vertues that Treacle ought to have. You shall meet with Clusius also citing the same Galen to the disadvantage of Clematitis; as also Bauhinus, speaking by the mouth of Dioscorides, and saying, Clematitis is thought to do the same, but it is inferiour to the forementioned in vertue. And the same Bauhinus urging Galen, thus says; That which is call'd Clematitis is more fragrant, therefore it is us'd in Oyntments, but in Physic it is much weaker. You may find in Lobel, the same Citations of Dioscori∣des and Galen, to the decrying of the Clematitis. In particular he speaks thus,

Polyrrhizae Aristolochiae, &c. The Roots of bushy-rooted Birthwort, not mention'd by Dioscorides, and unknown to his Commentator, Rondeletius brought into use, utterly neglected through ignorance of the Plant, and yet to be preferr'd before the other two, as well for its plea∣sing Acrimony, as for its more effectual operation in Physic, and therefore by Andromachus and Galen, recommended as more fit for Treacle; For he that observes the tast and savour shall find the Clematitis, much more ineffectual, which the Latins took to be the slender Birth∣wort, mention'd by the ancient Writers of Treacle. Afterwards you shall find him thus dis∣coursing. Not less known, nor less common is the Clematitis, which grows of it self in the cold Fields and Vineyards in the other parts of France, in all Italy, Germany, and Flanders. It grows like a Vine-Branch, about a Cubit long, with a yellow Flower, the stalk about a Cu∣bit in length, the Fruit oblong, about the bigness of a small Egg, with a broad seed within, the Root small and fragrant. This is of less vertue then the rest, and less in use, unless it be with the omniscient Apollo, and Matthiolus, that follow the Rabble of vulgar Apothecaries; who when they never saw the long and bushy-rooted, and were perswaded that there was no Plant wanting in Italy, were easily perswaded that the Clematitis was the true long Birthwort.

I need not here recite what Dodoneus has written of the climbing the bushy-rooted Birthwort, as being conformable to Bauhinus, Daleschamp, and others. Nor is it ne∣cessary to search for any better or more certain Authorities, to maintain what I have said for the bushy-rooted Birthwort. And therefore I will say no more, but that I had done ill not to have chosen it for the slender Birthwort of Andromachus, and for that which is to be us'd in Treacle, or had I taken it for the Plant to be us'd in the absence of the other. For which use they that chuse the Clematitis, honour it beyond its deserts;

all its parts being very far from Tenuity or slenderness, and therefore both in that, and in its vertues inferiour to the Pistolochia, or bushy-rooted Birthwort.

Having gather'd this Birthwort in the beginning of the Spring, when it begins to sprout up, wash it and cleanse it from all its superfluities, and hang it up in an Airy place out of the Sun, to dry, and so to be afterwards mix'd with the other Ingredients.

As for Costus, I believe the three sorts which Authours have describ'd, may be re∣duc'd into one. And I follow Clusius in this, who says, I am of this opinion, that there is but one sort of Costus. And Bontius, a Dutch Physician, affirms the same thing after Gar∣cias ab Horto. For though Dioscorides, and several others after him, have describ'd three sorts of Costus, the Arabian, Indian, and Syriac, and that they have strain'd themselves to give several shapes to these sorts of Costus, and beyond whatever Dioscorides has written, upon whom they all depend. Nevertheless, it is certain, that in Europe we see but one sort of Costus, which is generally receiv'd and approv'd by all, and which has, as it were in contraction, all the marks which Dioscorides has giv'n to all the three sorts, except some kind of sweetness, which length of time may have in some measure dissipated. For the taste of a Plant fresh-gather'd, is different from that which has been kept a∣long time.

The Costus which is brought to us, is a good thick Root, of the bigness of a Man's fist, and sometimes twice as big, and might well be a foot long, if it were brought to us intire; the outside is of the colour of Ashes, the inside is white, enclining to the co∣lour of Box. It is very fragrant, and at first taste is somewhat sweet, but afterwards it tasts bitter with a kind of Acrimony, but altogether Aromatic. Costus is rather light then ponderous, not being of a very compact substance. If we might take Costus for the rind of a shrub resembling Elder, as some would have it to be, we should then choose that sort of Costus which is call'd Corticosus, or Barky; which is a Bark white all over, very fragrant, and of an Aromatic taste, having the resemblance, but not the taste nor colour of Cinamon. This Barky Costus seems to me not to differ much from the true Costus, either in vertue or good qualities.

Few Persons in France can aver that they have seen in the Indies the true Plant of Spikenard, which grows in great abundance in Java. Bontius says, that it grows upon the Mountains about fourteen leagues from Batavia, and that there is no going thither for fear of Tygers and Thieves, which are very numerous in those parts. I can safely say, that I my self have gather'd the False Nard upon the Mountain Genevre, upon the Borders of the Dauphinate, next to Piemont, and found the Ears, or Spikes, crouded to∣gether in a round cluster, underneath and next the superficies of the Earth, having little Roots very slender underneath; the whole very much resembling the figure of the true Indian-Nard, describ'd by Matthiolus and others. The Ears or Spikes of the False Nard are somewhat bigger then those of the Indian-Nard, the hairy fibers scat∣ter'd, and standing like bristles, and of a brown colour. They have almost no smell or taste; in the middle is a woody part that serves all along for a foundation to the hairy part. The Ears of the true Indian-Nard are somewhat less, having no woody part; the fibers are of a yellow colour enclining to purple: it begins from the little Root, and being knit together, forms a kind of a Spike, or Ear, which keeps a-long time, very like to that of Cyperus; the taste is very Aromatic, with some bitterness and acri∣mony, drying the Tongue and leaving behind it a kind of pleasing scent. The little Roots of Spikenard under the Ear, are to be thrown away as of no use. The fairest are to be chosen which must be gently shak'n in the hand to shake off the dust; and the inner part must be drawn out at the upper part of the Ear or Spike, which is usually more pale then all the rest, which must be thrown away: the Spike thus cleans'd is to be made use of. You may also cut them before you go about to bruise them, according to the opinion of some. But it is better to let cutting alone, since the hair may be bruis'd, and reduc'd to Powder without it, among the other Ingredients.

Cinamon well-chosen, as I have already given directions, needs no other Pre∣paration.

The prest Oyl of Nutmegs, abounds so much in vertues, that we need not look after Natural Balsoms, for the most part sophisticated to put into Treacles, or any other in∣ternal compositions. I reserve the Preparation thereof, to the Chapter of Oyls drawn by the Press.

It is not without reason that I have said, That the most part of Balsoms which are sold for natural, are sophisticated: For we may be sure that the real Balm of Judea would be excessively dear, could we be assur'd that it were right; and that if we had

not great cause to believe, that that which is brought to us is no other then a suppos'd Balsom. As for the Balsom of Peru, though it is probable, that we may have it right from thence, because it is more plentiful and cheap; yet it is very liable to be coun∣terfeited, and I could give the Description of one that has been tak'n for true by many Apothecaries and Druggists of France, who having found there the principal markes which the right one ought to have, and finding it to be at a high rate, have purchas'd considerable quantities of it: though I make no question but the cunningest of them all was deceiv'd. But I rather choose to omit this Description, then to give any one the least occasion to cheat. I give this advice to those that may or have been couz'n∣ed, and who because they may have this counterfeit Balsom at four Livres the pound, prefer it in the ancient Treacle before the press't Oyl of Nutmegs that costs three or four times as much.

Cretan-Dittany is a Plant which has a great number of stalks covered with a white woolly down, and very much tufted; the leaves are also round and thick, the flowers are purplish, and very like those of Violets, but of a more clear Violet-colour, and appear among the leaves at the tops of the stalks; the seed lies in the cup of the flower, when the flower is gone. You must endeavour to get fresh Dittany, gather'd when it was in flower, if it may be had; otherwise you must be content with the leaves well cleans'd.

The Indian leaf, call'd Malabathrum, is not a leaf without a root growing upon the water, like the Sea-Lintel, as some Writers would have it to be; but it is the leaf of a great Tree growing in the Country of Cambaya, and in several other parts of the Indies. The ends of the boughs which are often fixed to the leaves apparently de∣monstrate, that it is a Tree which bears them. This leaf is very large, and resembles that of the Citron-Tree; of a pale green colour, having three strings separated by equal Intervals, running along from one end to the other of the leaf. The upper part is smooth and shining, the under part rough; the taste of it is Aromatical, partici∣pating of Nard, Mace, Cloves and Cinamon. It differs very much in smell, taste, bigness, and the disposal of the ribs from the Laurel-leaf, for which some have tak'n it without any ground at all. The leaves which are whole and green are alwayes the best.

The true Amomum is well known, and is brought to us in bunches, about the length of three or four Thumbs: This bunch has a rib that serves for support to the husks, which are round, and as big as stones of Grapes of the colour of white Ashes, smooth, and thicker cluster'd then usually Grapes are, being fix'd against their Basis like the Grains of Pepper. The bunch is in part cover'd with six leaves like the Pomgranate∣leaf, of which three are longer and grow farther out then the other three, which in∣ter-divide them. The shells are full of a purplish-seed, almost square, and very like in all things to the seeds of Cardamoms: These grains, or seeds, join'd together make a round Figure, separated nevertheless by very thin skins, but so close thrust together, that the entire little Globe seems to be composed but of three parts, though the seeds may be easily separated by pressing them between your Fingers: the husks and the skins must be thrown away, there being nothing to be made use of but the purplish well-grown seeds, rejecting those that are black and wither'd. The taste of these grains, is tart, piquant, and very Aromatick, and remains a good while in the Mouth.

The smaller Cardamom here prescrib'd, is the most excellent of all; The seeds of it are four-square, in little triangular husks, of the colour of white Ashes, like the husks of Amomum; the seeds are also of the same colour and taste, and divided into three parts by very thin skins. They are to be chosen and cleans'd like those of Amo∣mum.

The seed of Macedonian Parsley is of a pale green colour, small, somewhat long∣poynted and flat, of a sharp and very Aromatic taste and of a pleasing smell. They must be very well cleans'd from dirt and other superfluities.

The seed of Ameos, or Bishop's-weed, is between that of common Parsley and Smal∣lage; it is almost round, and very like to that of Sand-dust, of which it bears the Name. We have two sorts brought us, the taste of which is very Aromatic and bitter. But the Ameos of Creet, the taste and smell whereof participates of those of Time and Basil, is to be prefer'd before the other. This seed is to be cleans'd like the former.

The seed of Sesili, or Hart-wort of Marseilles, is alittle smaller then that of wild-Fennel, and very like it in Figure. It is of a pale green colour, of a sharp Aromatic

and somewhat bitter taste. It must be chosen new and well-grown, and must be well cleans'd.

Myrh is a Rosiny-Gum, which being new is of a yellow green colour, enclining to red, fatty, fragrant, sharp, biting and very bitter; being full of whitish spots when it is broken, like the spots upon a Man's Nail. It must be chosen very pure, and as transparent as may be; and the bigger Tears are to be prefer'd before the lesser.

We may be certain that the Tree which produces Storax, yields abundance of Tears. But I cannot believe that the Storax which is brought to us, or which they pretend to bring hither out of the East is the right Storax. The high price which it has been sold for those many years, has encourag'd the wickedness of those Cheats; and the tryal I have made thereof has so far convinc'd me as not to trust them any more.

It is not with Galbanum, nor salt Ammoniac that these Tears are to be counterfeited, as some have thought in regard the strong and noisome scent of the one and the other, could never compose that sweet and pleasing scent which they are careful to give to these Tears which are vended for Storax. But most certainly they are counterfeited with some white Tears of Benjamin, or with some Rosiny Gum without scent, or which is easily out-scented by the Storax. To which purpose I have thought fit to publish what I have experimented, which is, that having Storax in Tears, whose smell, taste, colour, and figure, were such as are requir'd in true Storax, I undertook to soften one Tear in my hand intending to incorporate it afterwards with other drugs of a re∣sembling substance. I was astonish'd when I found all the good scent of the Storax to be lost in my hand; and that same Tear was not fit to impart any thing of good scent or ver∣tue to an Aromatic Balsom which I was making. Thereupon, trusting neither to the Sto∣rax made up like bowls, which is encreas'd with liquid Storax, nor to that other Storax sold in Shops, light, and very full of Saw-dust, I chose a Storax of a delicious scent, full of Grains, or little Tears, and free from dirt, out of which I extracted the Gum in the following manner.

Having put eight ounces of this Storax into a Skillet, with twelve ounces of good White-wine, I stirr'd the whole gently with a Spatula, and when I found that the Storax was sufficiently dissolv'd, I presently pour'd it out hot as it was, into a close-woven strong linnen-bag, and having bound it hard just above the ingredients, I prest it between two hot plates, and drew out two ounces of pure Gum, as fair as it was fragrant, and which is in every thing superiour to the sorts of Storax in tears which are brought to us. I made use of this Gum in my Balsom with great satisfaction, and use it upon several other occasions for Medicines, both Internal and External. They that meet with such Storax as I have describ'd, may take my advice, and purifie it by this means.

Opopanax is a Gum dissolvable in any watry Liquors, which flows after incision from one of the Fennel-like Plants, call'd, All-heal, or Panax Heracleum. It comes out of the Plant liquid and white, but by degrees it becomes white and of a Gold-colour with∣out-side. Opopanax is to be chosen new, in pure drops, fat, and white, at least with∣in, of a sharp bitter taste, and a strong scent. Sagapenum call'd also Serapinum, because it smells somewhat like the Pine, is a Gum dissolvable in moist Liquors like Opoponax. It proceeds also from one of the Ferula's, or Fennel-like Plants, of a sharp and some∣what bitter tast, of a strong and unpleasant smell, white without and within, while it is new, but afterwards it grows somewhat reddish without; and in time it be∣comes of a dark colour, both within and without, like other Gums, especially those that are of a watry substance. The purest and the newest drops are to be made choice of.

I cannot be beaten out of that rational opinion that the Bags or Cods, which the Castors carry in that part, where we see the Testicles of all other four-footed Animals, contain the true Castoreum that is to be put into this Treacle, and into all other Me∣dicines where Castoreum is prescrib'd. Nor is it to be wonder'd that while I acknow∣ledge the principal matter contain'd in the Bags for the right Castoreum, I have tak'n the whole for the real Testicles, as well in regard of the scituation of those bags, as for the Apellation of Fibri Testes, or Castor-stones, which many Writers have given them. Considering also, that when I had discover'd the real Testicles, serving to Generation, their smalness, and their privation of scent, caus'd me to neglect and throw them away, as altogether useless in Physic; especially when upon examination of the Cods that con∣tain the Castoreum, I observ'd their figure, both external and internal, accompany'd with several Fibers and Membranes, as also a substance very conformable to that of the Testicles of other Animals, which may be pulveriz'd when they are dry. The unctu∣ous

part contain'd in a little distinct Vesicle in the same principal Tunicle that con∣tains the Castoreum, not being capable to divert us from that thought, especially taking the Castor for a kind of amphibious creature, that may be term'd a Monster, as being one half like a Land-Animal, the other like a Fish. I am perswaded also that they who should see these Bags scituated as they are in the body of the living Animal, as also out of the body, and dry'd, as they are sold to us, would absolutely take them for the real Testicles, unless they had examin'd things so strictly as the Gentlemen of the Academy-Royal, in their Anatomy of a Castor some years since, of which they have set forth a very exact description. But it is not the name of Testicles improperly given to these Purses, that hinders them from the true Castoreum, or from being put into the Treacle, and indeed as being to be preferr'd far before the true Testicles.

As for the choice of Castoreum, and the place where those Animals are tak'n that carry it, though most Writers prefer those of Pontus, I make no question, but that the Castors which are taken up and down upon the Rivers of France, Swedeland, Poland, Germany, Canada, and over all the West-Indies, may be every jot as good. For I could never observe any difference but only between the true Castoreum, and the counter∣feit, which is not interdivided within with Fibers and Membranes, and is nothing but a mixture of certain stinking Gums, mingl'd with Powder of Castoreum, and the unctuous Juice which is found in the common, and principal Vesicles that enclose the Castoreum, which together make a tenacious mass, very much unlike the fleshy-sub∣stance of the true Castoreum, which may be easily reduc'd to Powder, and is only to be us'd in Treacle.

If France did not produce Saffron endow'd with all the good qualities that can be ex∣pected, we should be oblig'd to Forraign Countries. But because we have very good, with which we also furnish Germany, Swedeland, Poland, and other parts, we should do ill not to make use of it. Of all the Saffron that grows in France, that which grows in those Provinces that lye most to the South, seems to be preferr'd before any other, because of the Nature of the soyl. For all Aromatic Plants, that grow in such pla∣ces, are to be preferr'd before those that grow toward the North. The yellow part upon which the hair of the Saffron grows, is to be clipp'd off with the point of a pair of Scissors, and that part of the Hair is to be made use of which is of a scarlet∣colour.

Celtic-Spike, call'd by the Latins Spica Celtica, grows upon the Pyrenean-Mountains, and upon the Mountains of Tyrol in Germany. It is a small Plant but very Aromatic, which is brought to us in little Sheaves or Bundles, having no appearance of any Spike, but in its Root. I suppose also that the name of Spike was giv'n to it, because it smells very like to Spikenard. The vertue of the whole Plant is concenter'd in the Root. The Leaves, the Flowers, the strings, and all the other superfluities are to be thrown away. The Roots also must be spread in a moist place, and must be moisten'd them∣selves to make them less brittle, before you make them clean. Otherwise when you go about to pick out the superfluities with the point of a Pen-knife, the Root would break if it were too dry.

As for the Preparation of the Extract of Juniper-berries, I refer you to the Chap∣ter of Extracts in the third Part of this Pharmacopoea.

As for the mixture of all the ingredients for this Treacle, you must observe the same method, as for that of the Ancients; only I will say this for the Extract of Juniper-ber∣ries, that it does not only perform the same thing as the despumated Honey, for the mix∣ture and preservation of all the ingredients, but it very much augments the vertue of the Treacle, which is nothing inferiour to that of the Ancients, and works in all re∣spects much more powerfully; there being in the whole composition, not one ingredient but what is chosen with Judgement. The Dose and use of the ancient Treacle may serve as a rule for this.

Theriaca Diatessaron.		Diatessaron Treacle.
℞. Radicum Gentianae,		℞. Roots of Gentian,
Aristolochiae rotundae,		Round Birthwort,
Baccarum Lauri,		Laurel-berries,
Myrrhae Electae, an.	℥ ij.	Choice Myrrh, an.	℥ ij.
Mellis opt. despumati, &		The best clarify'd Honey, and
Extracti Baccarum Juniperi, an.	lb j.	Extract of Juniper-berries, an.	lb j.

Make an Electuary according to Art.

This Treacle was invented particularly for the Poor. It is call'd Diatessaron, because it consists but of four Ingredients that make up the Powder; which being mix'd with the Honey and Extract, make a very Soveraign remedy against Poyson.

The Preparation of this Treacle is very easie; for there is no more to do, but to mix the Powder of the four ingredients, with the Honey and the Extract, and then to put up the composition for your occasions.

This Treacle is not to be despis'd; it is good against all contagious Diseases, biting of venemous Beasts, the Apoplexy, Convulsions, and all cold Diseases of the Head, as also against Worms, to fortifie the Stomach, and open all Obstructions of the Bowels. The Dose is the same with the other Treacles.

Mithridatium Damocratis.		Damocrates's Mithridate.
℞. Myrrae Troglodytidis,		℞. Aethiopian Myrrh,
Croci,		Saffron,
Agarici,		Agaric,
Zinziberis,		Ginger,
Cinnamomi,		Cinamon,
Nardi Indici,		Indian-Spikenard,
Thuris Masculi,		Male-Frankincense,
Seminis Thlaspeos, an.	℥ ij ss.	Treacle Mustard-seed, an.	℥ ij ss.
Seseleos Massiliensis,		Hartwort of Marseilles,
Opobalsami,		Opobalsamum,
Schoenanthi,		Camels-Hair,
Staechadis Arabicae,		Arabian Cassidony,
Costi,		Costus,
Galbani,		Galbanum,
Terebinthinae Chiae,		Chio-Turpentine,
Piperis longi,		Long-Pepper,
Castorei,		Castoreum,
Succi Hypocystidis,		The juice of the Undergrowth of Cystus,
Storacis Calamitae,		Calamite Storax,
Opopanacis,		Opopanax.
Folii Indi,		Indian-Leaf,
Cassiae Ligneae,		Cassia-Wood,
Polii Montani,		Mountain-Poley.
Piperis Albi,		White-Pepper,
Scordii,		Water-Germander,
Seminis Dauci Cretici,		Seed of Cretan wild-Carrot,
Trochiscorum Cyphaeos,		Trochiskes de Cyphi,
Bdellii, an.	℥ j ss.	Bdellium, an.	℥ ij ss.
Nardi Celtici,		Celtic-Nard,
Gummi Arabici,		Arabian Gum,
Petroselini Macedonici,		Macedonian Stone-Parsley,
Opii Thebaici,		Theban-Opium,
Cardamomi minoris,		Lesser Cardamom,
Seminis Feniculi,		Fennel-seed,
Radicis Gentianae,		Root of Gentian,
Rosarum Rubrarum,		Red-Roses,
Dictamni Cretici, an.	ʒ x.	Cretan Dittany, an.	ʒ x.
Seminis Anisi,		Anniseed,
Radicis Acori Veri,		Roots of true Acorns,
Ari,		Wake-Robin,
Valerianae majoris,		The bigger Valerian,
Sagapeni, an.	ʒ vj.	Sagapen, an.	ʒ vi.
Meu Athamantici,		Athamantic Spignel,
Acaciae Verae,		True Acacia,
Ventris Scinci,		The belly of the Land Crocodile,
Seminis Hyperici, an.	ʒ v.	Seed of St. John's-wort, an.	ʒ v.
Mellis Opt. despumat.	lb xix.	The best clarify'd Honey,	lb xix.
Vini Opt.	q. ss.	The best Wine,	q ss.

I have inserted this Receipt for Mithridate, that I might not be complained of for omitting so famous a Composition. And though there be as much reason for the re∣formation of this Mithridate, as for that of the ancient Treacle; yet I thought it not necessary for the latter, since the reformation of the Treacle may serve for both, at least may serve as a good assistance to ingenuity.

A smaller quantity of Opium is here prescrib'd than for the Mithridate, and the Trochiskes of Vipers and Squills are quite left out.

Agaric is an Excrescence growing like a Mushroom, upon the Trunks or upon the bigger boughs of old Trees. There are two sorts, the Male and the Female. The Male is yellowish, heavy and compact, and more fit for Dyers than for Physick. That which is call'd the Female is most sought after. The best is found upon the Larch∣tree, by the Latines call'd Laryx. The Ancients talk'd of Agaric growing in a Pro∣vince of Sarmaria call'd Agaria, either from the Agaric, or else from the River Aga∣rus that waters it. We at this time make use of that Agaric which grows upon the high Mountains of the Dauphinate, which are the ancient Alpes, or upon the Mountains of Trent; though we are not to despise that which comes from the East, or from any other place, provided it have the principal Marks which are to be sought for in Agaric, which are whiteness, lightness, cleanness, bigness, friability, penetra∣ting scent, and extraordinary bitterness. Agaric is one of those Medicines that purge with violence and by attraction. So that it may be as well left out of the Mithridate as out of the Treacle; by reason of the opposition of its vertue to the Cordial, and Alexipharmacal Quality of the other Medicines.

Ginger is very well known; and though there are reckoned two sorts, Male and Fe∣male, yet Physic makes no difference, but only chuses the newest and the best grown, white within, which is brought from the East-Indies; that which comes out of America not being so much in esteem, principally because of its dark colour.

Male Incense call'd Olibanum is well known in Shops; it is a Gum which must be cho∣sen in large Tears; white, pure and weighty, of a sharp and bitter taste, and of a penetrating smell. I know not why they should give it the name of Male, but only to distinguish the large and fair Tears from the common ones.

Writers describe Opobalsamum to be a thick whitish transparent juice or Liquor, in smell resembling Turpentine, but much more pleasing. It ought to distil forth after incision made in the Dog-days, of the Branches of a Shrub call'd Balsamum, the wood whereof is call'd Christo-Balsamum, the Branches whereof are brought to us in streight pieces, but very brittle, and unequally knotted. The Bark of the wood is somewhat reddish without, but greenish within, and the wood underneath is whitish and full of pith. This wood when it is new, being broken, yields a smell very like to that of Opobalsamum, the taste whereof is bitter and somewhat tart. The most esteemed Plant of Balsom grows in Judea, and Arabia Felix, and by cultivation in the Gardens of the Grand Signior in Aegypt. It also grows in Peru, but inferiour in goodness and beau∣ty. There is no Opobalsamum properly of Judea, which is not very dry; so that we cannot observe the essential Marks which Authors ascribe to it; which are, that if you put a drop into water or Milk, it seems as if it would presently dissolve in those Li∣quors, but it afterwards swims a-top, and you may gather it together with a straw or a Needle; and that if you pour a drop upon a piece of Cloth, you may take it off a∣gain without leaving the least spot or stain. The same Writers represent Opobalsamum to us, to be so penetrating, that the force and sharpness of the smell is hard to be en∣dured; so that not meeting now-a-days with any of these qualities, we have great reason to question whether we have the right or no, and to be sorry that a Liquor so famous should be so little known to us. Which confirms in my opinion, that it is better to make use of press'd Oyl of Nutmegs both in Treacle and Mithridate, and in other Medicines where Opobalsamum is prescrib'd, than to make use of impos'd Opo∣balsamum which we have so much reason to question. So much the rather, because that press'd Oyl of Nutmegs is of a nature between Gummy and Oyly, and pressed from a Fruit very aromatical and full of vertue; and for that its taste, smell, and pene∣tration render it worthy of so good a place.

The word Schoenanthos is Greek, and signifies the Flower of a Reed, which is the best part of that Plant; for though the taste and smell of that Reed assure us, that it is not void of vertue, yet we must believe that the Flower has something more of con∣siderable in it, for beauty, taste, and smell being that of all Flowers, which longest pre∣serves all its good qualities, notwithstanding its smallness and thinness, so that ha∣ving been kept several years, it still fills the Nostrils with a strong scent, and the mouth

with a sharp and Aromatic tast. The odoriferous Reed that bears this Flower grows in Nabatea a Province of Arabia, where it is so plentiful, that they littre their Ca∣mels and other Cattel with it. The hight of this Reed is about a foot, the Root small slender and full of knots. The Plant is tufted and compos'd of several cluster'd rows, of a pale green colour, intermix'd with some long streight leaves, and pointed like the Reeds, near to the points whereof are to be found those little Flowers, which are of a whitish colour enclining to Purple, dispos'd in double ranks.

The Flowers of the Odoriferous Reed are not to be made use of till they are very well cleans'd; which I do thus. After I have sifted through a coarse Sieve the dust which is usually found among these Flowers, I spread them upon a sheet of Paper, then I lay upon them a new coarse coarse cloth well scatter'd with hair, somewhat longer and bro••der then my hand. Then taking up the piece of cloth you shall find many Flow∣ers sticking to the cloth, which mustbe pickt off and kept a-part: And this must be done till you have as many flowers as you stand in need of.

Galbanum, is a Gum dissolvable in watry Liquors, like Opoponax and Sagapenum; it also flows after incision from one of the Ferula's or Fennel-leav'd-Plants, call'd Fennel-Gyant. The biggest Tears are to be chosen, pure, white, thick, of a sharp and bitter taste, and a strong and unpleasing smell.

Of all the Turpentines that flow from several Trees, and which we acknowledge for liquid Rosins, that which flows from the Turpentine-Tree is esteem'd the best; It ought to be transparent, of a whitish colour enclining to green, of an indifferent strong smell, and not displeasing. The best Turpentine is brought from the Island of Chio; it is usually not so thin as those of Venice, and other places.

The long Pepper consists of many small grains, as it were set together in Rows, and not op'n and separate; of an Ash-colour, when it is ripe. The Leaves are like those of the long Pepper, but of a paler green, and thinner; longer-pointed, and with a shorter foot-stalk. The taste of long-Pepper, is like that of black-Pepper, but more moderate in heat and dryness; it ought to be new, and well-grown, and the foot-stalk ought to be cast away.

The Juice of the undergrowth of Cistus, is drawn from a small excrescence, rising from the Male and Female Cistus, Ledum, or sweet Cistus, with upright stalks co∣ver'd thick with Leaves, scarce a foot high; that with Sea-Purslain Leaves is of a yel∣lowish colour. The roots are as big as two or three thumbs, sometimes a finger, sometimes the whole hand in length, somewhat bigger at the top then bottom, and representing a Pomegranate-flower at the top. They grow and flourish toward May. They are ten∣der and Juicy, and yield a black acid Juice, which is depurated by being boyl'd over a small fire, in an Earth'n-glaz'd-Vessel, to the consistence of an Extract somewhat solid, call'd Juice of Hypocistis.

The Tree call'd Cassia Lignea, is almost like to that which bears the Cinamon, and they grow together in the Island of Ceylon. These two Barks, though born by different Trees, are boyl'd and dry'd after the same manner, and their taste and scent is almost alike; their colour, shape, and thickness, differ almost in nothing, but the Cassia Lignea is of a fatter, more muscilaginous substance, which dissolves by chewing in the mouth, whereas the Woody-part of Cinamon will not dissolve, though you chew it ne∣ver so long.

The seed of Cretan-Daucus, or Wild-Carrots, is to be preferr'd before any other; it is long like that of Cummin-seed, but not so big: the colour is white with a Velvet superficies, the taste and smell are pleasing enough; however it is somewhat sharp, and hot, but very Aromatic.

There are two sorts of Mountain-Poley, one whose flowers, and all the upper part of the Leaves and Stalks is of a Gold-colour, the other white. Both the Plants are cover'd with a tufted Cotton, especially the yellow; whose taste and smell are very Aromatic, so that they fill the mouth at the same time with a mixture of several Aromatics. The yellow-Poley is to be preferr'd before the other.

The true Carpobalsamom is extremely scarce, or to say more truly, it is not to be had now-a-days, according to those marks which Authours give of it. For they describe it to be fix'd to the Plant with a cup; to be large, weighty, picquant and sharp in taste, cover'd with a small Membrane of a deep yellow-colour, inclining to red; lin'd within, with other Membranes thicker then that without, and which contains with∣in a yellow Honey-like substance, with a pleasing scent like to that of Opobalsamum. But the Grains that we meet with in shops, have none of these marks: and though time might wear away some of these marks, yet it could not annihilate them all.

Which makes me to doubt of their Legitimacy, and to substitute Cubebs in their place.

Cubebs, for colour, form and bigness, are very like black Pepper-corns, except that they have a little footstake which fastens them to a rib like the bunch of a Grape: Their taste is biting and glowing, very bitter, but very Aromatic: They grow in the Island of Java upon Shrubs that climb upon other Trees like Ivy. Some Authors have written, that the Inhabitants boyl them before they will suffer them to be transported, fearing they might be sown, and grow in some other place: But the little vent they have for them, and the small price they are at, utterly destroys the vanity of such a conjecture. They are good to heat and fortifie the Stomach, to open obstructions of the Spleen, to correct the cold intemperature of the Matrix, and to excite Venery.

Trochiskes de Cyphi, you shall find in the Chapter of Trochiskes.

Bdellium comes from Bactriana, where it is produc'd by a black Tree as big as a white Olive-tree, the leaves whereof are like to those of an Oak. Bdellium is a Gum, to which Authors have ascrib'd for marks to be clear and yellow, like Wax or strong Glue, to be bitter, fat, and to smell like Ʋnguis Odoratus, when it is burnt.

The true Acorus is brought us from Lithuania; it is a Root that crawls upon the Earth, and is nourish'd by certain strings that belong to it: It is very knotty, about a finger in bigness; of a white inclining to flesh-colour, of a biting and bitter taste, of a thin light substance, of a strong scent, but very pleasing.

The true Acacia is the thick juice of the fruit of a great Thorn-tree that grows in Egypt, the Flowre whereof is white, and the fruit contain'd in Husks like Lupins. This juice is of a high colour, and beautiful red, of a compact substance, but which will easily break by striking upon it, when it is very dry: It is brought to us in Bowls done up in thin Bladders; it must be clear, and shine within when it is bro∣ken. The taste should be styptic, stinging, and very Aromatic.

The Sea-Scinkes, are little Animals like to Lizards, or rather like to little Cro∣codiles, by which name they are call'd; they live part in the Water, part upon the Land: They go upon four legs very short, and very small; their Snouts are more pointed then a Lizards, and their Tails are thin and short: They are beautiful to look upon, being cover'd with scales dispos'd in a wonderful order of Silver-colour, sometimes dark'nd to a Gold-colour, especially upon the Backs. They are never so big as Crocodiles, and they breed in Egypt upon the Red Sea; in Lybia, and in the Indies: The reins or the belly of these Scinkes are chosen for Mithridate, though the other parts have their vertues also.

For the mixture of this Treacle, it is the same with that of Ancient Treacle.

As to the Vertues of Mithridate, they are almost the same with those of Treacle, though somewhat inferiour in all things, particularly against the bitings of Serpents, to which the flesh of Vipers is principally necessary; as also to asswage pain, and pro∣cure rest: but then it wants that quantity of Opium which is in the Treacle.

Confectio Alkermes Regia.		Royal Confection Alkermes.
℞. Succi Pomorum redolentium,		℞. Juice of fragrant Apples,
Aquae Rosarum fragrantissimae, an.	lb iss.	The most fragrant Rose-water, an.	lb iss.
Serici crudi mundati & minut. incisi,	lb j.	Raw Silk cleans'd and cut small,	lb j.
Omnia Matratio bene clauso excepta horis 24 in Balneo Mariae digerantur: Te∣pide deinde sericum torculari exprima∣tur; Liquor vero cum sacchari opt. lb ij. ad Electuarii solidi consistentiam, coquatur. Ab igne tunc removeatur E∣lectuarium & in illo succi recentis Ker∣mesini spissioris lb j. dissolvatur & post∣modum promisceantur,		Put them together into a Matrass well stopt, and digest them for twenty four hours in Balneo Mariae: Then squeeze the warm Silk in a Press, and boil the liquor to the consistence of a solid Electuary with lb ij. of the best Sugar: Then take the Electuary from the fire, and dissolve therein lb j. of the new thicker juice of Kermes: after that mix therewith,
Margaritarum Oriental. praeparat.		Oriental Pearls prepar'd,
Santali Citrini,		Yellow Saunders,
Cinnamoni Acutissimi, an.	℥ j.	Biting Cinamon, an.	℥ j.
Ambrae Grisiae cum olei Cinnamomi Stillatitii Gut. iij. pulveratae,	℥ ss.	Ambergrise pulveriz'd with three drops of distill'd Oyl of Cinamon,	℥ ss.

Lapidis Lazuli usti, loti, & laevigati	ʒ ij.	Lapis Lazuli burnt, wash'd, and made smooth,	ʒ ij.
Foliorum Auri,	ʒ j.	Leaves of Gold,	ʒ j.
Moschi Orientalis,	ʒ ss.	Oriental Musk,	ʒ ss.

Many Writers have attributed great vertue to raw Silk. But though the use there∣of had been at all times unknown in Physic, my judgement is, that it is too fragrant, that it has too much beauty, that it affords too many conveniencies to humane Life, that there are too many wonders in the first Original, progress, labour and metamorpho∣ses of the worm which produces it, to be despis'd. And so much the rather, for that we know that all the parts of Animals, as also of their Excrements and Producti∣ons, are impregnated with a volatile Salt; and because I am so far convinc'd of the extraordinary vertues of Volatile Salts, that I may be bold to call it the right hand of all Physic. For which reason, and for the continual use which several great and famous men have made of raw Silks in their Medicines, I say that it was not without sufficient grounds prescrib'd among those other ingredients that make up this Composition.

That is call'd Raw Silk, which was never boil'd, but is still as it were in the grain, out of which the worm has been but newly taken, four or five days after that little Artist has finish'd its work. For at that time this Silk is very pure, provided you take away the outward wrapping and the inward tunicle of the grain, which is next the worm. This Silk thus cleans'd will not fail to impart its vertues to this Confection, or where-ever else it shall be prescrib'd.

For the methodical preparation of this Confection, you must pulverize apart the yellow Saunders and the Cinnamon very finely, and prepare the Pearls upon Porphyrie. You must heat red-hot and three times quench the Lapis Lazuli in Rose-water, where it must also soak for 24 hours, then prepare it upon Porphyrie like the Pearls. Powder the Ambergrise and the Musk together, mixing therewith three drops of Oyl of Cinna∣mon, which will hasten the pulverization, and prevent them from sticking to the Mor∣tar; and when they are pulveriz'd, mix them with the other Powders▪ In the mean time having taken away all the superfluities of the raw Silk, put it into a Matrass, and pour upon it the juice of Apples clarifi'd, and the Rose-water prescrib'd, and ha∣ving stopp'd the Matrass keep it four and twenty hours in Balneo Mariae lukewarm. Then having strain'd and strongly press'd out the Silk, dissolve in the Liquor two pound of fine Sugar, and boil them together in a glaz'd earthen Pipkin, over a mo∣derate fire, to the consistence of a solid Electuary, when you have taken it off the fire mingle with it a Pint of the press'd grains of Kermes, new and perfectly ripe. After which add thereto by degrees the Powders, and last of all the Leaves of Gold, and having put up the Confection in a Gally-Pot close stopp'd, keep it for your use.

You might melt the Ambergreese in a small part of the hot Syrup, with which it is to be incorporated, but it could not be well done, without some dissipation of the sweet odour, as also of the vertue of the Ambergreese, besides that the beauty of the colour of the Confection would be quite spoil'd. And therefore the best Preparation of Ambergreese upon this occasion is to powder it. You will find in this Receipt the weight of the Pearls, yellow Saunders, Cinnamon and Ambergreese augmented beyond what you shall find in the most part of other Receipts: But besides that these ingre∣dients are not to be spar'd in a Composition so highly esteem'd, the increasing of the quanitty of the Powders serves to render the Confection much better then it is wont to be.

As for the leaves of Gold, I should have agreed with them, who affirm that these leaves afford no considerable vertue to this Confection, nor to any other Compositions, because the Gold cannot communicate its vertue without having been first digested in the Stomach, and there chang'd its nature; and I should have thought that this Gold in leaf had rather been for ornament then for any vertue, had not the following Rela∣tion caus'd me to alter my opinion.

Monsieur Peter Couder, Apothecary at Milhau in Rouvergue, a very honest man, and very skilful and knowing in his Art, and my very good Friend assur'd me, that some years since he was sent for to a Lady of very high Quality, aged about threescore years, whose Face was extreamly full of red Pimples and Pustulas, and who was troubl'd with a stinking breath; and that by the advice of several famous Physicians, he gave her for her ordinary Diet, Pullets that had been shut up in a Chamber eight days, and were fed with a Paste made of Vipers, boil'd in a little water with Wheat in an earthen glaz'd Pot

cover'd, continuing to feed the Pullets in the same manner, till they were good to eat: That the Lady having dyeted six months upon these Pullets, he dyeted her with Capons for the other six months, which besides the Paste of Vipers with which they were cramm'd, were also fed with Leaves of Gold mix'd among their Food; and that the Lady having continu'd the use of those Capons, at the end of the last six months found her self perfectly cur'd of both her Distempers, insomuch that having liv'd from that time to the Age of fourscore years, her body being entomb'd and tak'n up again four years after she was buried, was found to be as entire, as when she was first laid in her Grave.

In the mean time Monsieur Couder, resolving to search in the Capons-dung, for about eight marks in Leaves of Gold, which they had swallow'd from time to time, carefully caus'd the Dung to be swept together, and calcin'd the Excrements, and made use of Quicksilver to make an Amalgama of the Gold if there were any, and after he had ex∣hal'd the Quicksilver Amalgama'd with the Gold, and had afterwards forc'd it to fusion with the addition of a little Borax, he recover'd about two marks in Gold, which had the weight, but the colour was much paler then that of ordinary Gold.

Upon which my judgement is this, that this great diminution of weight and change of colour, could not happen to the Gold, but that some of its parts were chang'd into the proper substance of the Capons, and that this could not happen, till the Gold was dissolv'd in the Capons Stomach, by the operation of their volatile Salt, joyn'd with the acid Liquor which is naturally in that part, doing almost the same thing which a Regal-Water would have done. So that we cannot but think that Leaves of Gold in Compositions cannot but be very commendable and useful; for besides the beauty and the conceit which they may put into the Head of the Patient, they may add their vertue to that of the other Ingredients.

They that live far from the places where Grains of Kermes grow, may make use of a trusty Friend, to send them the Syrup of Kermes prepar'd after my Method; with which they may at any time make the Confection. You may also make a Confection without Amber or Musk, chiefly for Women that are afraid of sweet scents.

This Confection is without question one of the best Cordials that ever Galenic Phy∣sick invented. For it repairs and recreates the Vital and Animal Spirits; it ceases Palpitations of the Heart, and Swounding-fits. It fortifies the Brain and all the No∣ble Parts very much; It is an Enemy to putrefaction, re-establishes the languishing and decay'd strength, drives away melancholy and sadness, and restores and preserves both body and mind in a good estate. It is taken upon the point of a Knife or dissolv'd in Wine, or in Broth, or in any Cordial or Cephalick Liquor. It is also mingl'd among Opiates or Electuaries both soft and solid. The usual Dose is from one Scruple to one Drachm. It is also mixed in Epithemes prescrib'd for the Heart and Liver.

Confectio de Hyacintho▪		Confection of Jacinths.
℞. Lapidum Hyacinthorum,		℞. Jacinth-Stones,
Coralli Rubri,		Red-Corral,
Boli Armenae, &		Bole-Armoniac, and
Terrae Sigillatae, an.	℥ ij ʒ ij.	Seal'd Earth, an.	℥ ij ʒ ij.
Granorum Kermes,		Grains of Kermes,
Foliorum Dictamni Cretici,		Leaves of Cretan-Dittany,
Radicis Tormentillae,		Root of Tormentil,
Seminis Citri Mundati,		Seed of Citron cleans'd,
Croci,		Saffron,
Myrrhae Troglodytidis,		Aethiopian-Myrrh,
Rosarum Rubrarum,		Red-Roses,
Santalorum omnium,		All the Saunders,
Ossis e corde Cervi,		The Bone of a Deers heart,
Rasur ae Cornu Cervi, & Eboris,		Shavings of Harts-horn, and Ivory,
Seminis Acetosae,		Seed of Sorrel, and
Portulacae, an.	ʒ v ℈ j.	Purslain, an.	ʒ v ℈ j.
Lapidum Saphyrorum,		Saphyrs,
Smaragdorum,		Smaragds,

Topaziorum,		Topazes,
Margaritarum Oriental.		Eastern-Pearls,
Serici Crudi,		Raw-Silk,
Foliorum Auri,		Leaves of Gold, and
Argenti, an.	℈ viij.	Silver, an.	℈ viij.
Moschi Orientalis,		Oriental-Musk,
Ambrae Grisiae, an.	Gr. xx.	Amber-grise, an.	Gr. xx.
Syrupi Florum Tunicae,	lb vj ℥ viij.	Syrup of Clove-gillow-flowers,	lb vi ℥ vii.

Make a Confection according to Art.

The great vent which several Cities have for this Confection, Alkermes, Treacle, and some other compositions of the same Nature, has not been sufficient to satisfie the Avarice of certain Jumblers, who not content to foist into this composition several In∣gredients altogether unuseful, in the place of the true ones, which are usually dear, make use of a Syrup extraordinarily boyl'd, to one entire pound of which they add an ounce, or at most an ounce and a half of Powder: for which they by their good wills would only take the Bole, if the Saffron-colour, the taste of Myrrh, and the beauty of the Gold-Leaves, were not requisite for them to conceal their cheat. So that we need not wonder that they sell this confection and several others so cheap, and yet they make more profit far, then they who compound the Medicines right. They never seek after the true fragments of Jacinths or other precious Stones, the Oriental Pearls, nor the Bone in the Deer's-Heart; but being perfect cheats sell for considerable rates, that which is good for nothing but to fill their own Pockets.

But to make it as it should be, make choice of the true fragments of Jacinths, Saphyrs, Emraulds, Topazes, and Oriental Pearls, which you shall find among the Lapidaries, together with red-Corral. You may prepare all these things together, or a-part up∣on Porphyrie; in the same manner you may prepare the Eastern-Bole, and the Terrae Sigillata; bruise together in a Brass-Mortar, the bone of the Deer's-Heart, the Shavings of Harts-horn, and Ivory, the Sandals, the Root of Tormentil, the Grains of Kerms, the Cretan-Dittany, the Red-Roses, the Myrrh, the Seeds of Citron, Sorrel, and Pur∣slain. Beat the Saffron apart, being dry'd before; beat also the Musk, and Amber∣grise apart, adding to them some part of the Citron-seed reserv'd for that purpose: then mix all the Powders except the Saffron, which must be first put into a Marble-Mor∣tar, there to be mix'd with a wood'n-Pestle, in some ounces of the Syrup prescrib'd, the consistence whereof ought to be no thicker then that of ordinary Syrups; then add thereto by degrees the other Powders, joyning them, and intermixing with them toge∣ther, at several repetitions all the Syrup, the quantity whereof ought to be but four times the weight of the Powder, whereas if it had been to have been boyl'd to the consistence of a soft Electuary, the Powders would have suckt up six times as much in weight of Syrup, by reason of the dryness of the most part of the Ingredients. And therefore care must be tak'n, that neither the Physicians nor the Patients be deceiv'd in the little Doses of this Confection, because of the small quantity of Powder which they contain, when the Syrup is more boyl'd then it should be. When the Powders and Syrups are mix'd toge∣ther, add the Leaves of Gold and Silver, and put up the Confection in a white-Earth'n-Pot well-stopp'd.

Some may wonder that Syrup of Clove-Gillow-flowers is here prescrib'd, instead of Syrup of Lemons, which all Writers prescribe. But when they shall find by experience, that this last being made use of fails not to work upon the Earths and Stones at the same time, to raise a great effervescency, and to cause the Electuary to swell, so as to make it run over if the pot be not very large, and by degrees to dark'n the colour, especially if you put in any Ir'n Spatula; they will without doubt approve this change, in regard that Syrup of Gillow-flowers being very proper to strength'n the Heart, the Brain, and all the Noble-parts, and to second the good effects of this Composition, is also as fit to unite and embody all the Ingredients, imparting at the same time, its lovely purple-co∣lour, and its delightful smell, without the fear of any effervescency, or alteration, which the acid of the Syrup of Lemons causes to the Earths and Stones, and at the same time to the whole confection.

If it be objected, that the Acid of the Syrup of Lemons serves to open the Stones, consi∣dering that the Juice of Lemons, which is the foundation of the Syrup, is able to dissolve them; I answer, that that Juice making but a third part of the Syrup, and being very much

weak'n'd by the addition of the Sugar, can act but very feebly, nor touch any more then the superficies of the fragments, and so the success would answer but ill to the intentions which they might have, considering also that the sole Preparation of the Stones upon the Porphyrie, reduces them to that condition wherein they ought to be, to qualifie in the Stomach the sharpness of the acids, which they meet with there.

The bones of Deer's-hearts are not so scarce, but that you may meet with them with little pains and expence; but if they were not to be had, you might in their place use the Harts-horn, when the Velvet-Head begins first to appear, and which are much better then the bones of the Hearts of Oxen, which some commend in their room.

The Shavings of Harts-horn is here very properly preferr'd efore Harts-horn burnt; because the Shavings enjoy all the good parts, which the Harts-horn looses in Ustion. For it not only contains the muscilaginous and Cordial part, which it affords to Gelly's, but the volatile Salt, Spirit, and Oyl, which we draw forth by distillation, all which parts vanish in Ustion.

As for the Philosophical Ustion of Harts-horn, which some have allow'd, I cannot think any better of it; for though it be done with a heat less violent, yet the most part of the Juice is thereby lost, and a good part of the volatile salt, Spirit and Oyl which it contain'd before.

The vertues of Confection of Jacinth are very little inferiour to those of Confectio Hamech. It has this also particular, that it closes more, and that it is more proper to kill Worms.

It is tak'n in Bolus alone, or mix'd with other Powders, or Opiates, or else dissolv'd in Wine, or in Broth, or in some Cordial Liquor. The Dose is from a Scruple to a Dram, and sometimes two. It is also outwardly apply'd in liquid and solid Epithemes.

Electuarium Diascordium E∣mendatum.		A Reform'd Diascordium E∣lectuary.
℞. Scordii,		℞. Water-Germander,
Rosarum Rubrarum Exungulatarum, &		Red-Roses cleans'd from their Whites, and
Boli Armenae, an.	℥ j ss.	Bole-Armenian, an.	℥ j ss.
Resinae Styracis,		Storax,
Cinnamomi,		Cinnamon,
Cassiae Ligneae,		Cassia-Wood,
Foliorum Dictamni Cretici,		Leaves of Cretan-Dittany,
Radicum Tormentillae,		Roots of Tormentil,
Bistortae,		Snakeweed,
Gentianae,		Gentian,
Galbani,		Galbanum,
Succini,		Amber;
Terrae Lemniae, an.	℥ ss.	Lemnian Earth, an.	℥ ss.
Extracti Opii,		Extract of Opium,
Piperis Longi,		Long-Pepper,
Zinziberis,		Ginger,
Seminis Oxalidis, an.	ʒ ij.	Sorrel-seed, an.	ʒ ij.
Mellis Rosati colati, & in Electuarii mollis consistentiam cocti,	lb iij ℥ iiij.	Honey of Roses strain'd and boyl'd to the consistence of a soft Electuary,	lb iij ℥ iiij.
Vini Malvatici,	℥ ij.	Malmsey,	℥ ij.

Make an Electuary according to Art.

It was well done to make use of Red-Roses cleans'd in this Electuary, and to put in Honey of Roses, instead of common Honey, to preserve the room of Conserve of Ro∣ses, which Fracastorius, Authour of this Electuary had prescrib'd. The reason of this change was, for that though Conserve of Roses may be beaten, and pass'd through a sieve turn'd the wrong way, it has however those thick parts that will make the body of the Electuary seem to be ill united, and will remain at the bottom of the Mortar, when you dissolve the Electuary in any Liquor. Whereas the dry Roses pulveriz'd

with other Ingredients, cause the body of the Electuary to seem more uniform, and will preserve their vertue a longer time, by means of the Honey which encloses it. On the other side, the Honey of Roses being impregnated with the vertue of the Red-Ro∣ses, is at least as proper for mixture, union, and preservation of the Powders, as com∣mon Honey, and fortifying the vertue of the Red-Roses, renders the Electuary more o∣doriferous and pleasant, then otherwise it would be.

With as good reason is the quantity of the Water-Germander augmented, as well because it is a Plant that abounds in vertue, as for that it gives the name, and serves as a foundation to the Electuary, and therefore ought not to be less in quantity then any other of the Ingredients us'd in the Powder.

The Rosin of Storax, is here preferr'd before Storax in Tears, for the reasons giv'n in the Reformation of Treacle.

The Gum-Arabic is left out, which could only serve as a Glue to the Electuary, and Amber is put into its place, whose Cephalic, Cordial, and Hysteric vertues are esteem'd by all Authors.

The Preparation of this Electuary will be found to be very easie, if after you have well-chosen and cleans'd all the Ingredients, without taking care to dissolve any Gum in Wine, according to the custom of the Ancients, you reduce them only into Powder in a great Brass-Mortar, among the other Ingredients, and having pass'd them all through a silk-sieve, and dissolv'd the two drams of Extract of Opium, in two ounces of Malmsy, or good Spanish-Wine, you incorporate the whole with Honey of Roses clarify'd and boil'd to the consistence of a soft Electuary.

This Electuary is very little inferiour in vertue to the Treacle, and indeed is to be preferr'd before it in Diseases, where too much heat may be dangerous. It is particularly us'd in Malignant Fevers, in all Epidemic Diseases; and is very much commended not only as a cure, but a preservative against the Pestilence. It is very much esteem'd a∣gainst the Worms, and against all putrefaction, against Windy-Cholics, want of re∣tention in the Stomach, against Diarrhea's, Dysenteries, and all the difficulties of the Intestines, to stop Fluxes, to asswage Pains; the ordinary Dose being from one Scruple to one Dram. It is tak'n in Bolus, or dissolv'd in Wine, Broth, or any Cor∣dial-Liquor.

Opiata Salomonis.		Salomon's Opiate.
℞. Citri Saccharo conditi,	℥ viij.	℞. Citron condited with Sugar,	℥ viij.
Conservae Oxytriphylli,		Conserve of Wood-Sorrel,
Florum Rorismarini, &		Flowers of Rosemary, and
Buglossi, an.	℥ ij.	Bugloss, an.	℥ ij.
Mithridatii veteris,	℥ j.	Of Mithridate,	℥ j.
Rosarum Rubrarum Exungulat. siccarum,		Red-Roses dry'd and cleans'd,
Radicum Enulae Campanae, &		Roots of Elecampane, and
Dictamni Cretici,		Cretan-Dittany,
Seminis Contra-Vermes,		Wormseed, and
Citri mundati,		Seeds of Citron cleans'd,
Cardui Benedicti,		Carduus Benedictus, and
Rasurae Cornu Cervi, an.	℥ ss.	Shavings of Harts. horn, an.	℥ ss.
Corticis Citri sicci,		Dry'd Citron-rind,
Santali Citrini,		Yellow-Saunders,
Radicis Gentianae,		Root of Gentian,
Ossis e Corde Cervi, an,	ʒ ij.	Bone of a Deer's-heart, an.	ʒ ij.
Cinnamomi,		Cinnamon,
Macis,		Mace,
Caryophyllorum, &		Cloves, and
Cardamomi minoris, an.	ʒ j.	Lesser Cardamoms, an.	ʒ j.
Grana Juniperi in Aceto scillitico per noctem infusa,	No. xxiv.	Juniper-berries infus'd a whole night in Vinegar of Squills,	No. xxiv.

Make up the Opiate with Syrup of the Juice of Citrons.

Foubert was the first that publish'd this Opiate, and would have you to believe that one Salomon was the first that made it. It is so set down in Reneus and Bauderon. The

quantity of the Ingredients is however different in some things. Particularly the Bone of Deers-heart is not mention'd in any of the Editions of Bauderon, whether it were to spare cost, or out of inadvertency, I will not determine. No matter who was the Authour of this Opiate, but we may be assur'd that it ought to have its place in this Pharmacopoea. It may be also observ'd, that this Receipt is somewhat different from the rest, but the alterations are certainly for the better.

The Sugar in Powder is here very unnecessary, because all the Ingredients are to be incorporated with Syrup of Citron, which has in it self Sugar enough without needing any more in the Opiate. Red-Roses dry'd are to be preferr'd before the Conserve, for the reasons giv'n in the Diascordium. The Conserve of Wood-Sorrel is preferr'd be∣fore Sorrel, because it is a Cordial incomparably much better. The dry Root of Ele∣campane is put instead of the Conserve, but in lesser quantity, out of regard to the Sugar, which makes at least two thirds of the Conserve; as also to the moisture and weight of the Roots, when it is us'd instead of the Conserve. The Leaves of Cretan-Dittany, much augment the force of the Opiate. The flowers of Rosemary and Bugloss, will become almost impalpable in beating in the Mortar.

To prepare this Opiate, cut the dry Citron-peel, and beat it in a great Brass-Mortar with the Saunders, then add the Roots of Elecampane, Dittany, and Gentian, the bone of Deer's-heart, the shavings of Harts-horn, and mingling by little and little all the Seeds, and other Ingredients which are to be pulveriz'd, and also the infus'd Juniper∣berries infus'd the night before in Vinegar of Squills. Pass the Powder through a silk∣sieve; Bruise the Citron-rind condited in a Marble-Mortar with the Conserves of Rose∣mary and Bugloss-Flowers, and pass them through a hair-sieve, the wrong side uppermost. Then moist'n this Pulp with about twice as much the weight of Syrup of Citron, such as is sold in the Shops, in which mixture incorporate the Mithridate, and by little and little, and alternatively the Powders, and the rest of the Syrup, the proportion whereof may be three times the weight of the Powder, though the Authour prescribes no more then to give the Opiate its due consistency. There is no fire to be us'd for the mixture of this Opiate, which is to be put up close in a white Gally-pot for use.

This Opiate is good against the Pestilence, and all Epidemic Diseases. It strength'ns the Heart and Stomach, kills the Worms in the Stomach and Bowels, resists putrefaction, stays Vomiting, creates an Appetite, and helps digestion. It is much us'd in Languedoc. The Dose and manner of taking it is the same with Diascordium, and Confection of Jacinth.

Antidotum Orvietanum.		An Orvietan Antidote.
℞. Radicum Scorzonerae,		℞. Roots of Vipers-grass,
Carlinae,		Carline-Thistle,
Imperatoriae,		Masterwort,
Angelicae,		Angelica,
Bistortae,		Snakeweed,
Aristolochiae tenuis,		Thin Birthwort,
Contra-yervae,		Contra-yerva,
Dictamni Albi,		White-Dittany,
Galangae,		Galanga,
Gentianae,		Gentian,
Costi,		Costus,
Acori veri,		True Acorus,
Seminis Petroselini Macedonici,		Seed of Macedonian Stone-Parsley,
Foliorum Salviae,		Leaves of Sage,
Rorismarini,		Rosemary,
Galegae,		Goats-Rue,
Cardui Benedicti,		Blessed Thistle,
Dictamni Cretici,		Cretan-Dittany,
Baccarum Lauri, & Juniperi, an.	℥ j.	Berries of Laurel, and Juniper, an.	℥ j.
Cinnamomi,		Cinamon,
Caryophyllorum,		Gillow-flowers,
Macis, an.	℥ ss.	Mace, an.	℥ ss.
Viperarum siccarum cum cordibus & Hepa∣tibus, &		Dry'd Vipers with the Hearts and Li∣vers, and

Theriacae Veteris, an.	℥ iv.	Old Treacle, an.	℥ iv.
Mellis opt. despumati,	lb viij.	Best clarify'd Honey,	lb viij.

The good effects that the Orvietan well-prepar'd has formerly produc'd, has giv'n occasion to divers cheats, to use all their endeavours to make the World believe, that either they or some of their Predecessors have been the sole inventers thereof, and that only they had the true Receipt. Insomuch that several of these Impostors have over∣spread Provinces and Kingdoms, and under the fraudulent appearance of some good success, by pantalooning and buffooning it, before the credulous people in public places, have caught them by their Money, and got considerable sums together, by the extraordinary vent of their suppos'd Orvietan. Considering the great quantity whereof, it was impossible for them to have found the necessary Ingredients, or to have had time to make a just Preparation, if they had either been willing, or had been able. Whence it has come to pass, that in several places they have not been able to secure themselves upon their Stages from the Poysons that have been brought them, by Persons that were not of their own confederacy, no more then from the bitings of Asps and Vipers, with which they had not been before familiar. Had these Impostors met with distrust∣ful persons that took delight to discover their Impostures, they had not over-run so ma∣ny Countries, nor cousen'd such a World of people; nor would they have had such ea∣sie Licenses to prepare and sell unpunish'd a Medicine that ought not to pass the hands of any but Men of credit and understanding.

All the Leaves and Roots must be dry'd and pulveriz'd together in a great Brass-Mortar, beginning with the most solid. Pass them through a silk-sierce cover'd, and having scumm'd the Honey, without any addition of moisture, add some part of the Powder to it, and continue to mingle alternatively sometimes the Honey, and some∣times the Powder, till the whole be incorporated, and reduc'd to the consistency of a soft Electuary, which you must let alone to cool, and then put up in a Pot close stopt for your use.

The proportion of Honey is larger here then for the Treacle of the Ancients, be∣cause there is neither Oyl of Nutmegs, nor Balsom, nor Turpentine, nor any other juice to officiate for the Honey; and for that otherwise, the dryness of the Powders would predominate over the Honey, suck up the Moisture, and drying the Electuary, would give way for the Air to enter and corrupt the whole Mass.

Orvietan thus prepar'd is of great efficacy against all sorts of Poysons, against the Small-pox, Measles, and all sorts of Epidemic Diseases. It is also proper against all cold Diseases of the Brain and Stomach, and against all Windy-cholicks. The Dose is from a Scruple to a Dram, and sometimes to two, for strong persons. It may be tak'n upon the point of a Knife, or wrapt up like a Bolus, or dissolv'd in Wine, or some Cor∣dial Liquor.

Electuarium de Satyrio.		Satyrion Electuary.
℞. Radicum Satyrii succulentarum in aqua Naphae ad mollitiem coctarum,	℥ iv.	℞. The Juicy-roots of Satyrion boyl'd ve∣ry soft in Orange-flower-water,	℥ iv.
Radicis Eringii conditae,		Root of Eringo's condited,
Pistaciarum mundatarum,		Pistaches cleans'd,
Confectionis Alkermes cum Moscho & Ambra, an.	℥ ij.	Confectio Alkermes with Musk and Am∣ber, an.	℥ ij.
Nucis moschatae conditae,		Nutmegs condited,
Zinziberis conditi, an.	℥ j.	Ginger condited, an.	℥ j.
Renum Scincorum,		Kidneys of Land-Crocodiles,
Priapi, &		Pizzle, and
Testiculorum Cervi,		Stones of a Deer,
Pulveris Viperini, an.	ʒ vj.	Powder of Vipers, an.	ʒ vj.
Ambrae Grisiae,		Ambergrise,
Seminis Erucae,		Seeds of Rocket, and
Fraxini,		Ash,
Piperis longi, &		Long-Pepper, and

Cardamomi minoris, an.	ʒ j ss.	Lesser Cardamoms, an.	ʒ j ss
Moschi Orientalis,	ʒ ss	Oriental Musk,	ʒ ss
Oleorum Cinnamomi, &		Oyls of Cinnamon, and
Caryophillorum, an.	gutt. vj.	Cloves, an.	drops vj.

We shall meet within several Dispensatories several Receipts of Diasatyrion, or Ele∣ctuaries resembling it in name and qualities. But you shall hardly find one whose In∣gredients are more proper to produce the Effects expected from such a Composition, or whose quantities are more regular.

Take the Roots of Satyrion well grown, casting away the Fibers and wither'd parts. Cleanse them from their Rind and all superfluities, and boil them gently in Orange∣flower water, in a glaz'd earthen-Pot cover'd, 'till they are sufficiently tender; then bruise them in a Marble Mortar, and pass them through a Hair-Seve turn'd the wrong∣side uppermost. In the same manner beat and fift the condited Eringo-Root, the Pi∣staches, the Nutmegs and the Ginger; Rasp the Harts-Pizzle, cut the Stones small, being both dry'd by fire in a Chimney, and beat them in a Brass-Mortar with the Pep∣per, Cardamoms, Seeds, Scinc's reins, and Vipers dry'd; and pass the powder through a silk-Sieve cover'd; bruise the Musk apart, mixing with it never so little Sugar candy'd; and the Ambergreese also apart, mixing with it some drops of Oyl of Cloves; then mingle the Pulps with the Confection of Alkermes, all the Powders and Oyls, in a Marble-Mortar with a wooden-Pestle, adding as much Syrup of Gillow∣flowers as is requisite to give the whole a due consistence of an Electuary: Then put it up close for use.

This Electuary is very proper to restore decay'd strength; it fortifies and heats those that the Latins call frigidos & maleficiatos, frigid and bewitch'd: It multiplies Seed, and provokes and disposes people to Lust. It may be us'd by both Sexes; but the Musk and the Ambergrise must be left out, when giv'n to Women that cannot away with sweet scents; the Dose is from one dram to two. This Electuary is to be tak'n fast∣ing Morning and Evening in Bolus, drinking after it a Glass of Spanish-wine, where∣in you may also dissolve the Electuary. It may be used as often as occasion requires; and if it be extraordinary, take half an Ounce.

Philonium Magnum.		The great Philonium, or Pain∣asswager.
℞. Seminis Hyosciami, &		℞. Seed of Henbane, and
Papaveris Albi, an.	ʒ v.	White Poppy, an.	ʒ v.
Extract. Opii,	ʒ ij ss.	Extract of Opium,	ʒ ij ss.
Cassiae ligneae,		Cassia-wood,
Cinnamomi, an.	ʒ j ss.	Cinnamon, an.	ʒ j ss.
Seminis Apii,		Seed of Parsley,
Petroselini Macedonici,		Macedonian stone-Parsley,
Feniculi,		Fennel,
Dauci Cretici,		Cretan wild Carrot,
Costi,		Costus,
Myrrhae,		Myrrh,
Castorei, an.	ʒ j.	Castoreum, an.	ʒ j.
Croci,		Saffron,
Pyrethri,		Pellitory of Spain,
Nardi Indicae, an.	℈ j.	Indian Spikenard, an.	℈ j
Mellis optimi despumat.	℥ ix.	Best clarify'd Honey.	℥ ix.

Wonder not that Euphorbium is left out of this Composition; especially since the Ancients made use of it, pretending it was a true Corrector of Opium. But they that understand the nature of Euphorbium, and know that it is a Gum very hot, ve∣ry biting, and very violent in its operations, when it is us'd but in a small quantity, will never question but that it has great need it self of being corrected, and finding that it is never to be mix'd but among Remedies that may temper its heat, qualifie its acrimony, and refrain its violence will never use it at all in any Remedies whatsoe∣ver to be taken inwardly. Its extraordinary concussion of the brain, caus'd by the

least particle of Euphorbium taken at the nostril; and the violent and long continu∣ed sneezings which it provokes, are enough to make any person fear the violence of a Gum so terrible to those who have beheld its effects. And the more reason they will have to fear them, when they consider that Euphorbium is one of the most violent Purgers that are to be found amongst simple Drugs, so that the weight of two grains will make an extraordinary havock. The heat of Costus, or of any of the other ingre∣dients that make up this Opiate, is inconsiderable to that of this Gum. And it is no wonder that Opium so often us'd to stop the violent effects of purgative Medicines, is not powerful enough to tame the violent effects of Euphorbium. Nevertheless there is some probability that the apprehension which the Ancients had of the coldness of Opium, mov'd them to have recourse to extraordinary hot Remedies, to counterbal∣lance that vainly imagin'd coldness; not considering that all the parts of Opium, ex∣cept the earthy, are hot, as they will find that examine them.

Pulverize those Ingredients that are to be pulveriz'd, and pass them through a silk'n-Sierce cover'd. Dissolve the Extract of Opium in about an Ounce of good Malmsey, and having incorporated it with a small quantity of scumm'd Honey warm, add by degrees sometimes the Powder, and sometimes the Honey, till the whole be dispens'd, and that all the Ingredients are well mix'd and united together. Then when the Opiate is cold put it up in a white earthen Pot.

Philonium appeases all inward pains that happen to the Stomach, Belly, Hypochon∣drium's, Liver, Spleen, Reins, and Matrix, especially proceeding from a cold cause. It dissipates the Hiccup and Ventosities, moderates the violence of Coughs; is highly esteem'd against Dysenteries, and internal fluxes of blood; it remedies difficulties of Urine; it relieves against Pleurisies, stops Fluxes, restores the weak and languishing. A∣bove all things, it is highly commended against Cholicks. It may be taken in Bolus, or dissolv'd in Wine, or in Cordial water. The Dose is from half a Scruple to half a Dram. It is commonly made use of in Anodyne Clysters, from half a Dram to two. It is also us'd in Narcotick Liniments, mix'd with Ʋnguentum populeum, or other Medicines.

Electuarium de Baccis Lauri.		Electuary of Laurel Berries.
℞. Baccarum Lauri, &		℞. Laurel Berries, and
Foliorum Rutae siccorum, an.	ʒ x.	Dry'd Leaves of Rue, an.	ʒ x.
Sagapeni,		Sagapene,
Opoponacis, an.	℥ ss.	Opoponax, an.	℥ ss.
Seminis Ameos,		Seeds of Bishops-weed,
Cumini,		Cumin,
Nigellae Romanae,		Roman Nigell,
Ligustici,		Libistick,
Carvi,		Caraway,
Dauci Cretici,		Cretan wild Carrot,
Acori veri,		True Acorus,
Origani,		Origany,
Amygdalarum amararum,		Sweet Almonds,
Piperis longi,		Long Pepper,
Nigri,		Black Pepper,
Mentastri,		Wild Mint,
Castorei, an.	ʒ ij.	Castoreum, an.	ʒ ij.
Mellis opt. despumat. triplex pondus.		Of the best despumated Honey, treble the weight.

The Berries of Laurel must not be inferiour in quantity to the Leaves of Rue, be∣cause they are the foundation of the whole. The quantities of the Sagapenum and Opoponax are alike, because they are alike in qualities. The rest require no alte∣ration.

The Preparation of this Electuary is very easie. For having pulveriz'd the Gums among the dry Ingredients, and pass'd the whole through a silk'n Sierce cover'd, in∣corporate the Powder at several intervals, by little and little, with three times the weight of warm purifi'd Honey: And put up the Electuary when it is cold.

This Electuary is very much recommended for the ease and cure of windy Cholicks, and particularly the Iliac passion. It is proper in all difficulties of Urine, and against Hysteric passions. The Dose is from a scruple to a dram, and sometimes to two: For Clysters it is generally prescrib'd from half an Ounce to an Ounce in proper Deco∣ctions.

Electuarium Micleta.		Electuary of Micleta
℞. Mirabolanorum Citrinorum,		℞. Mirabolans yellow,
Chebulorum,		Chebula,
Indorum,		Indian,
Bellericorum, &		Bellerica, and
Emblicorum mundatorum, an.	ʒ v.	Emblica, an.	ʒ v.
In pulverem redigantur & leviter torrefi∣ant, deinde		Reduce them into Powder, and parch them, then
℞. Seminum Nasturtii,		℞. Seeds of Cresses,
Anisi,		Anise,
Cumini,		Cumin,
Carvi,		Caraway,
Feniculi, &		Fennel,
Ameos, an.	ʒ iij.	Bishops-weed, an.	ʒ iij.
Terantur, pauco aceto irrorentur, & sic∣centur, tunc		Bruise them, sprinkle them with a little Vine∣gar, dry them, then
℞. Spodii ex Ebore,		℞. Spodium of Ivory,
Balaustiorum,		Pomegranate Flowers,
Sumach,		Sumach,
Mastich.		Mastich,
Gummi Arabici, an.	ʒ ij ss.	Gum Arabic, an.	ʒ ij ss.

Take away the Kernels from the Mirabolans, and make use of the dry pulp that co∣vers them, which you must pulverize, and lightly parch in an Iron-Skillet or Pan over a small fire, stirring the Powder often with a Spatula. Pulverize the Seeds grosly, and sprinkle them with good Vinegar, and then having dry'd them, pound them out∣right in a large Brazen Mortar among the Pomegranate Flowers, the Spode, the Su∣mach, the Gum Arabic, and the powder of Mirabolans, and pass them all through a silk Sieve. Pulverize the Mastich apart, which must be chosen in tears, which may be easily done, by adding some few drops of water to keep it from sticking to the Mortar and Pestle. Mix the Powders very well, and incorporate them at several re∣petitions with four times as much the weight of warm Syrup of Mirtles, and the Electuary will be well made, and fit to be put up in a proper Pot to be kept for use.

The Spode which is but calcin'd Ivory, is not to be made use of in Compositions, which require the principal parts of the Ivory, that consist of its volatile salt, spirit and oyl, which are wholly dissipated by Calcination: But the principal operation of this Electuary being founded only upon the astringency of the Ingredients that com∣pound it, and the terrestrial and restringent quality of the Ivory remaining after Cal∣cination, it may be here prescrib'd well enough to the purpose.

This Electuary is very binding, and proper for the cure of Dysenteries, and all sorts of Fluxes of the belly; it serves to stay all internal Fluxes of blood, as also of the Hemorrhoids; it is also good to stay vomiting, and the inordinate flowing of the Menstruums, the Whites, and old Gonorrheas, difficult to cure. The Dose is from half a dram to two drams. It may be taken upon the point of a Knife, or in Bolus; or else dissolved in red Wine, or some astringent Liquor. It is also prescrib'd in astringent Clysters from half an Ounce to an Ounce.

Electuarium Aperiens Catharticum D. D. D'AQUIN.		An opening purging Electuary of Monsieur D'AQUIN.
℞ Foliorum Sennae Orientalis Munda∣torum,	ʒ iiij.	℞ The cleansed leaves of Oriental Sen∣na,	ʒ iiij.
Diacrydion,		Diagridion
Trochischorum Alhandal		Trochisks of Alhandal,
Agarici Electi,		Chosen Agaric,
Rhabarbari, &		Rhubarb, and
Seminis Violarum, an.	℥ j ss.	Seeds of Violets, an.	℥ j ss.
Sagapeni,		Sagapeni,
Myrrhae,		Myrrhe,
Ammoniaci, an.	℥ j.	Ammoniac, an.	℥ j.
Antimonii Diaphoretici,		Diaphoretic Antimony,
Mercurii dulcis, &		Mercurius dulcis,
Pulveris trium Santalorum, an.	ʒ vj.	Powder of the Three Saunders, an.	ʒ vj.
Salis Martis, &		Salt of Iron,
Tamarisci, an.	℥ ss.	Tamarisks,
Mellis opt. absque Liquoris additione despu∣mati,	lb vj.	The best Honey despumated without the addition of Liquors.	lb vj.

After you have carefully chosen and cleansed all the Ingredients of this Electuary, and got the Sagapenum, the Myrrhe, and Ammoniac in pure tears, pulverize the Gums among the other dry Medicaments. But if you find them a little too clammy, mix no more then the Powder can well bear without being too viscous, and reserve the rest of the Gums to melt in a great Brass-Mortar heated; and there incorporate them first with some small portion of the despumated Honey prescribed for the Electuary, then mix the Salts, and continue adding by degrees, sometimes the Honey, sometimes the Pow∣ders, till all the Ingredients are perfectly well united, adding at the latter end the Mercu∣rius dulcis, and the Diaphoretic Antimony: by this means the Electuary will be well made and fit to be put up in a close Pot.

Monsieur D'AQƲIN gave me the Receipt of this Electuary to impart it to publick view, as a Remedy very proper to open obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, Pancreas, Mesentery and the Matrix, and at the same time to void the tenacious humours that ga∣ther in those parts, for want of their wonted passage. The good effects of it will also appear if it be rightly administred in Cachexies, Quartane Agues, Hypocondriac di∣stempers, and Dropsies; and particularly in the Diseases of Women, as the Green-Sick∣ness, retention of the Menstruums, and in all the Maladies and Symptoms that proceed from obstructions of the Matrix. The dose is from two drams to half an ounce; and to six drams to Hydropsical persons that are of age, where a less dose does not work effectually. It may be given in Bolus, dissolv'd in proper Liquors, or mix'd with o∣ther Medicaments. But then regard must be had to the nature of the purgative Medi∣cines with which it is joyn'd, and the Dose of this Electuary must be proportion'd ac∣cordingly.

Electuarium Catholicum dupli∣cato Rhabarbaro.		Catholicon, or universal purging Ele∣ctuary with a double quantity of Rhubarb.
℞. Polypodii Quercini contusi,	℥ viij.	℞. Polypody of the Oak bruised,	℥ viij.
Seminis Feniculi,	℥ j ss.	Fennel-seed,	ʒ j ss.
Coquantur igne moderato in aquae communis lb viij. ad dimidiae partis consumptionem; colentur & exprimantur; colatura cum sac∣chari opt, lb iiij. coquatur ad Electuarii mol∣lis consistentiam: ab igne remotis adde Pul∣parum Cassiae & Tamarindarum Orienta∣lium inspissatarum, an.	℥ iiij.	Boyl them over a moderate fire in lb viij. of common water, to the consumption of the half part, strain and press them. Boyl the strain'd Liquor with lb iiij. of the finest Sugar, to the consistence of an Electuary: when they are taken off the

fire, add to them Pulps of Cassia and thicken'd Oriental Tamarinds together, an.	℥ iiij.
Deinde sensim permisce Pulveres sequentes.		Then by degrees mingle the following Powders.
℞. Rhabarbari Electi, & Foliorum Sennae Orientalium mundatorum, an.	℥ iiij.	℞. Choice Rhubarb and Leaves of Orien∣tal Senna cleansed, an.	℥ iiij.
Seminis Violarum &		Seeds of Violets and
Anisi, an.	℥ ij.	Anise, an.	℥ ij.
Glycyrrhisae rasae,	℥ j.	Scrap'd Liquorice,	℥ j.
Seminum quatuor frig. maj. mundat. an.	℥ ss.	The four greater cold Seeds cleansed, an.	℥ ss.

You will find that this Electuary differs in many things from that of the Ancients, as also of the Moderns: But the difference seems to be very rational. In the first place the quantity of Polypodie prescrib'd by the Ancients, is remov'd and added to the De∣coction; that by imparting to the Electuary the vertue of all the Polipody to prevent an inconvenience, which is, that the Polipody being of it self very dry, and being moisten'd with the Decoction that remains among the Sugar, swells and becomes by that means thicker than the rest of the Electuary, and is less pleasing to the tast and more difficult to be dissolv'd.

The taking quite away the two drachms of Sugar candi'd, and so much Sugar pennet, as the Ancients had prescrib'd in this Electuary, will be no wonder to those, who shall consider how little they avail in so small a quantity. Whereas the Rhubarb doubl'd in its quantity renders the Electuary not only more effectual, but answers the proportion of the Powders, and supplies the place of the Polipody cut off. Nor must we disap∣prove the choice here made of Violet-seed, instead of the dry'd Flowers; in regard this Seed contains the principal vertue of the Plant: whereas the Flowers together with their colour have lost whatever they had of good. Upon which take this advertisement, that certain Violet-flowers, which they dry in great quantities in Languedoc, and which they sell for Violet-flowers are no other then the Flowers of that Plant which Authors call Viola Tricolor or Flos Trinitatis, in English Pansies, or Hartsease, whose quantities are very different from the true Violets.

There are some that beat the Rhubarb a-part, but there is no necessity for that, in re∣gard it may be very well beaten among the other dry ingredients. The Liquorice must be scraped, and the Senna and Annise very well cleans'd, and beaten all together with the Rhubarb, the Violet, and cold Seeds, and passed through a silk'n-seirce. The Powder being made, bruise the Polipody very well, and boyl it over a moderate Fire in lb. viij. of Water, as prescrib'd, adding at the last the Fennel bruis'd. Then strain the Decoction, and press out the sediment. Take sixteen ounces of good Cassia and ex∣tract the pulp, and pass it through a hair-sieve revers'd, to get four Ounces, which you must reserve. Moisten with the Decoction, six ounces of Oriental Tamarinds, and having held them for some time over the hot Embers, beat them in a Marble-Morter with a Wooden Pestle, and pass the pulp through a hair-sieve revers'd, repeating the same operation till all the pulp be pass'd through, except two ounces of Lee's. Then evapo∣rate the moisture of the pulps, stirring them from time to time with a wodden Spatula till they are sufficiently thicken'd. Then boyl the Sugar with the rest of the Decoction, to the consistence of a soft Electuary, and having put the pulps into a Bason, pour upon them some part of the Syrup, and having incorporated them together, add at several repetitions, sometimes Powder, sometimes Syrup, till all the ingredients are perfectly mingl'd. And when the Electuary is cold put it up in a Syrup-pot.

This Electuary is called Catholicon, because it is an Universal purger of ill humors out of the body; as being compos'd of Medicaments of which some are proper to purge Flegm, others Choller, and others Melancholly; for, though I do not believe that a∣ny simple or compound Medicament is able to purge Choler, or any other single hu∣mour, and separate it from the rest which are in the Bowels and Stomach, yet may we be∣lieve this Electuary to be an Universal Purger very effectual and very gentle. Which makes it often us'd in continu'd and intermitting Agues, in Dysenteries, Diarrheas, and defects of retention in the Stomack and Bowels. It may be given to all Ages and Sexes, particularly to Women with Child; because as it gently purges off the ill humors, it strengthens all the parts and leaves no bad effects behind it. The Dose is from two

Drachms to an Ounce. It is giv'n in Bolus, or dissolv'd in some distill'd water or pro∣per decoction. It may be also mix'd with other Medicaments, or dissolv'd in Glisters, and then the Dose is from an Ounce to an Ounce and a half.

Electuarium Lenitivum.		Lenitive Electuary.
℞. Hordei Mundati,		℞. Cleans'd French Barley,
Polypodii Quercini,		Polypody of the Oak,
Fol. sennae Oriental. mundat.		Cleans'd leaves of Oriental Senna,
Passularum purgatarum, an.	℥ ij.	Ston'd Raisins, an.	℥ ji.
Jujubarum,		Jujubs,
Sebesten,		Sebesten,
Tamarindorum, &		Tamarinds, and
Prunorum Dulcium enucleatorum, an.	℥ j.	Sweet Prunes ston'd, an.	℥ j.
Mercurialis,	℥ j ss	Herb Mercury,
Violarum recentium, & Capill. Ven. Mon∣speliensis, an.	M j.	Fresh Violets, and Venus-hair of Mont∣peliter, an.	M j.
Glycyrrhizae,	℥ ss	Liquorice,	℥ ss
Coquantur ex arte in Aquae communis lb ix. In Colatura expressa dissolve,		Boil them according to Art in lb ix. of ordinary water: in the Liquor strain'd and press'd, dissolve
Sacchari optimi,	lb ix.	Of the best Sugar,	lb ix.
Coque ad Electuarii mollis consistentiam: ab igne remotis adde,		Boil them to the consistence of a soft E∣lectuary: Take them off the fire, and add,
Pulparum Cassia,		Pulps of Cassia,
Tamarindorum,		Tamarinds,
Prunorum Dulcium,		Sweet Prunes,
Conservae Violarum, &		Conserve of Violets,
Pulveris Sennae mundat. an.	℥ vj.	Powder of Senna cleans'd, an.	℥ vj.
Rhei Elect. &		Choice Rhubarb, and
Seminis Anisi pulveratorum, an.	℥ j.	Anniseed powder'd, an.	℥ j.

In regard it is uncertain who was the Author of this Electuary, it happens that the Receipts of it are very various in dispensatories, and that the quantities of the In∣gredients are ill proportioned. For they that understand the nature of the Ingredients of this Electuary and their preparation and proportion, can never think six ounces of Sugar, set down in several receipts, enough for the Pulps and Powders in this Electuary; and that there was reason to augment it too two pound. They will also acknowledge that the Rhubarb is added with as good judgment, to make the Electuary more effectual, though left out by others.

Boyl the cleansed Barley in the water for a good hour, together with the bruis'd Po∣lypody; then add the Fruit, cleans'd and cut, and then the Mercury, which must boyl with the rest above a quarter of an hour; then put in the Senna, Liquorice, Venus Hair, and Violets, and having giv'n them some bublings, take the Decoction from off the Fire, and when it is half cold, strain and press is forth, and having added to it, two pound of Sugar, boyl them together to the consistence of a soft Electuary, and when it is off the Fire, incorporate by little and little the Pulps, Powders, and conserve of Violets stampt in a Marble-Mortar and pass'd through a hair-sieve, and when the whole is well mix'd and cold, put it up.

The vertues of this Electuary are very near the same with those of Catholicon, but somewhat inferior: However it is more proper to soften and make the passages slippery. The dose and manner of taking are almost the same with those of Catholicon; but it is more commonly us'd in Glisters then otherwise.

Electuarium Lenitivum, pro Clysteribus.		Lenitive Electuary for Glysters.
℞. Polypodii Quercini contusi,	lb iij.	℞. Polypody of the Oak bruis'd,	lb iij.
Foliorum Malvae,		Leaves of Mallows,

Altheae,		Marsh-Mallows,
Violanae,		March-Violets,
Parietariae,		Paritary of the Wall,
Mercurialis, &		Mercury, and
Senecionis, an.	M iiij.	Groundsel, an.	M iiij.
Florum Camomil. &		Flowers of Camomil, and,
Melilot. an.	M ij.	Melilot, an.	M ij.
Coquantur ex Arte in aquae communis lb xxx. Colatura cum mellis communis lb xxxx. coquatur ad Electuarii mollis consistentiam; deinde dilue		Boil all these according to Art in lb xxx. of ordinary water; boil the strain'd Liquor with lb xxxx. of common Ho∣ney to the consistence of a soft Ele∣ctuary; then mix
Pulpae prunorum dulcium,	lb iiij.	Pulp of sweet Prunes,	lb iiij.
Cassiae, &		Cassia, and
Tamarindorum, an.	lb ij.	Tamarinds, an.	lb ij.
Postmodum adde pulveres sequentes,		Then add the following Powders,
℞. Radicum Brioniae,		℞, Roots of Briony,
Hermodactylorum,		Hermodactyles,
Liquiritiae,		Liquorice,
Foliorum Sennae Orientalis,		Leaves of Oriental Senna,
Summitatum Gratiolae,		Tops of Hedg-Hysop,
Seminis Violarum, &		Seeds of Violets, and
Anisi, an.	℥ xx.	Anise, an.	℥ xx.
Rhabarbari, &		Rhubarb, and
Agarici, an.	℥ ix.	Agaric,	℥ ix.

This Electuary, which may be call'd Lenitive for Glysters, will work good effects, and may be long kept, if following this Receipt, you are careful to prepare it right∣ly. I know there are some persons that do not so much regard it; who rather chu∣sing to sell bad Glysters then good, make up their Lenitive with the worst Ingredients in their Shops, insomuch that they will put in the Sediments of the Infusions of their Roots, mingling the Pulp of Prunes with a little Honey, and giving that the Name of Lenitive Electuary. But these bad Examples are to be laid aside, as well for the easiness of the preparation, the smalness of the expence, as for the good which they may do, and the facility of being detected by the colour and consistence, wherein it very much resembles Catholicon.

Bruise the Polypody, and boil it in the water for a good hour; then boil the Herbs, being cut, for half an hour, after which add the Flowers; and having let them bub∣ble a while, strain and press out the Decoction; wherein having dissolv'd the Honey prescrib'd, and having pass'd them through a Hair-Sieve, boil them over a moderate fire to the consistence of a soft Electuary: Scum it, and when it is half cold, mix the Pulps first by degrees, and then the Powders, observing the same method as for other soft Electuaries. When it is cold, put it up close.

The use of this Lenitive is so familiar, that I need not insist upon it; being only us'd in Clysters, to which purpose it is dissolv'd in some proper Decoction with Ho∣neys, Sugar, Oyls, or other Remedies. The Dose is from half an Ounce to an Ounce, and sometimes to an Ounce and a half.

Electuarium Diaprunum, Simplex & Compositum.		Electuary of Prunes, Simple and Compound.
℞. Pruna Damascena recentia & matura,	No. C.	℞. Damasus Prunes new and ripe,	No. C.
Coquantur igne lento in Aquae,	lb iij.	Boil them over a soft fire in three pints of water,
Deinde per Cribrum inversum trajician∣tur, & pulpa igne lento inspissetur & servetur.		Then pass them through a reverst Sieve, and thick'n the Pulp with a gentle heat, and keep it.
In decocto prunorum leviter coquatur,		In the decoction of the Prunes gently boil
Seminis violarum contusi,	℥ j.	Violet-seed bruis'd,	℥ j.

Colatura cum Sacchari opt. lb ij. ad Ele∣ctuarii mollis consistentiam coquatur,		Boil the straining with two pound of the best Sugar, to the consistence of a soft Electuary,
Parum refrigerato permisce,		When it is a little cold, mix
Pulpa praedict. prunorum,	lb j.	Of the foresaid pulp of Prunes,	lb j.
Pulpae Cassiae, &		Pulp of Cassia, and
Tamarindorum, an.	℥ j.	Tamarinds, an.	℥ j.
Et tandem sequentia pulverata,		And then these following powders,
℞. Rhabarb. Elect. &		℞. Choice Rhubarb,
Seminis Violarum, an.	℥ j.	Violet-seeds, an.	℥ j.
Rosarum rubrarum exungulatarum,		Red roses cleans'd from their white bottoms,
Santali Citrini & Rubri,		Sanders Yellow and Red,
Rasurae Eboris,		Shavings of Yvory,
Succi Glycyrrhizae, an.	ʒ vj.	Juice of Liquorice, an.	ʒ vj.
Sem. 4. frig. mag. mund. an.	ʒ j.	Four cold seeds cleans'd, an.	ʒ j.
Quod Compositum sive Laxativum fieri po∣terit, si Electuarii cuique librae adhuc Calenti, Diagridii subtiliter pulverati ʒ ss permisceatur.		Which may be made Compound or Lax∣ative, if to every pound of the Ele∣ctuary yet warm, you add half a dram of Diagridion finely pulveriz'd.

The Dose of Rhubarb and Violet-seed was judiciously augmented, to render it a little more purgative. The seeds of Endive, Barberries and Purslane, were on pur∣pose left out, as useless; as also the Gum-Tragacanth, which was only a Glue to the Electuary: The yellow Sanders was preferr'd before the white; as also the shavings of Yvory before Spodium, for the reasons already recited. The rest of the Ingredi∣ents were not chang'd, but their Dose only augmented, to the end the just proportions of Powder might be found in the Electuary, which must be thus prepar'd.

Having put the Prunes into an Earthen-glaz'd Pot, boil them over a soft fire in three pints of water, till they are very soft; then leave the Decoction in the pot: pass the Prunes through a Hair-Sieve reverst, to get the Pulp, the superfluous moisture whereof you must evaporate in a Dish over a soft fire, stirring it from time to time with a Spa∣tula, till it be conveniently thick. In the mean time, prepare an ounce of Cassia, and an ounce of Tamarinds, as I have already directed, and mix them, and set them by with the Prunes: Then gently boil the Violet-seed bruis'd in the reserv'd Decoction of Prunes, the Liquor whereof must be afterwards strain'd; and having added there∣to two pound of good Sugar, boil them over a soft fire to the consistence of a thin E∣lectuary. When it is half cold, mix first the Pulps, and then the Powders; and when the whole is well incorporated, and cold, put up the Electuary for use.

If you would prepare a Compound Diaprunum, and more Laxative, mingle half a dram of Diagridion finely powder'd with every pound of Electuary warm, and take care that the Union and mixture be very exactly made.

Simple Diaprunum is rarely prescrib'd, as being not purgative at all; but the Com∣pound is us'd to purge choleric Serosities: It is us'd in continu'd and intermitting A∣gues, that proceed from superfluity of choler; it is also prescrib'd in diseases of the Breast, the Kidneys, and Bladder; for it makes the passages slippery, and gently carries away the matters there detain'd, and tempers the heat of the parts where they were lodg'd. It is sometimes taken alone, sometimes mix'd with other Purgatives in Bolus, or dissolv'd in Medicines, or other proper Liquors. The Dose of the Laxative is from one Dram to five or six, and sometimes to an Ounce for strong Constitutions. The Simple Diaprunum is giv'n from two Drams to an Ounce, in Diseases that require not much Purgation.

Electuarium Diaphoenicum.		Electuary of Dates.
℞. Pulpae Dactylorum in Hydromelite cocto∣rum, per cribrum inversum trajectae & in∣spissatae, &		℞. Pulp of Dates boil'd in Hydromel, pass'd through a Sieve reverst, and thick'nd, and
Penidiorum recenter paratorum, an.	lb ss.	Penedice newly prepar'd, an,	lb ss.

Amygdalarum dulcium excorticatarum,	℥ iij ss.	Sweet Almonds, the skins tak'n off,	℥iij ss.
Turbith electi,	℥ iiij.	Chosen Turbith,	℥ iiij.
Diagrydii,	℥ j ss.	Diagrydion,	℥j ss.
Zinziberis,		Ginger,
Piperis Albi,		White Pepper,
Macis,		Mace,
Cinnamomi,		Cinnamon,
Foliorum Rutae siccorum,		Dry-leaves of Rue,
Seminis Feniculi,		Fennel-seed,
Dauci, an.	℈ ij.	Wild Carrot-seed, an.	℈ ij.
Mellis Despumati,	lb ij.	Clarifi'd-Honey,	lb ij.

I know no ill qualitie in the Dates, that should oblige Mesue and his Disciples to seek for a Corrective, and to macerate them three days in Vinegar before you put them in∣to the Electuary. This Correction is as needless as that of Coriander in Vinegar: But the Ancients have fallen into many such Errours, for want of understanding the parts that compose mixt Bodies: But our Moderns are become more Judicious. Fernelius was the first that rejected this Maceration, and directed the boiling them in Hydro∣mel; which others induc'd by reason of sense imitated. The other Medicaments are well chosen, and well proportion'd in the Receipt which Fernelius has given of this Electuary.

Having cleans'd the Dates from their inward skin and stones, weigh out about seven Ounces; and having cut or bruis'd them in a Marble-Mortar, boil them over a gen∣tle fire in a glaz'd Earthen-pot in two pints of Hydromel, till they are sufficiently ten∣der: then beat them in a Marble-Mortar with a Wood'n-Pestle, and pass the Pulp through a Hair-sieve reverst, and set it aside. Peel off the Almond-skins with the point of a Knife: Pulverize together, in a great Brass-Mortar, the Turbith, Ginger, Pepper, Mace, Cinnamon, Leaves of Rue, the Fennel, and wild Carrot-seed, mixing therewith as many peel'd Almonds as the Powder will bear, without growing too fat. The Scammonie must be powder'd apart in the same Mortar, mixing some Almonds with it. Sift both the Powders through a Silk-Sieve; and having well mix'd them, set them aside. Those Almonds that remain'd must be beaten in a Marble-Mortar with the Dates, and pass'd through the same Sieve: Then take two pints of Honey clari∣fi'd and boil'd to the consistence of a soft Electuary, the Pennets and the decoction of Dates, and boil them together over a gentle fire, to the consistence mention'd; and when it is half cold, mix the Pulps with it by degrees. You may also set the whole over a very soft fire, and stirring it gently with a Wood'n-Pestle, evaporate the su∣perfluous moysture; then taking it off the fire, mix the Powders by degrees, as before.

This Diaphoretic purges alike both Flegm and Choleric Humours: It is useful in con∣tinu'd and intermitting Agues; as also against pains in the Stomach that proceed from abundance of Humours. It is very proper to carry away Hydropical Humours, and the Serosities which cause the Sciatica, Rhumatismes, and defluxions upon the Eyes, upon the Teeth, and upon other parts. It may be taken in Bolus, or dissolv'd in Li∣quors, or mix'd with other Remedies. The Dose is from one Dram to half an Ounce, and sometimes to a whole Ounce for strong Constitutions.

Benedicta Laxativa.		The Blessed Laxative.
℞. Turbith Electi,		℞. Chosen Turbith,
Radicis Esulae minoris aceto praeparatae, an.	ʒ x.	Roots of Pine-spurge prepar'd with Vinegar, an.	ʒ x.
Hermodactylorum,		Hermodactyles,
Diagrydii,		Diagrydion,
Rosarum Rubrarum, an.	ʒ vj.	Red Roses, an.	ʒ vj.
Caryophyllorum,		Cloves,
Spicae Nardi,		Spikenard,
Zinziberis,		Ginger,
Croci,		Saffron,
Macro-Piperis,		Long Pepper,

Amomi,		Amomum,
Cardamomi minoris,		Lesser Cardamom,
Seminum Apii,		Seeds of Smallage,
Petroselini,		Parsley,
Carui,		Caraway,
Feniculi,		Fennel,
Asparagi,		Asparagus,
Rusci,		Butchers-broom,
Saxifragiae,		Saxifrage,
Milii solis,		Gromel,
Sal Gemmae,		Sal Gemmae,
Galangae,		Galanga,
Macis, an.	ʒ j.	Mace, an.	ʒ j.
Mellis opt. despumat & cocti,	lb ij ss.	The best Honey despumated and boil'd,	lb ij ss.

Make an Electuary.

Though the smalness of the Root of Pine-spurge may dishearten Apothecaries that complain of their time and pains, it is however to be preferr'd before the Roots of any of the other Spurges, especially the bigger, whose ill qualities are publisht by Mesue, and other Authors. The use which I have made all my life, and which I have seen made with good success for this Composition, and the frequent experience and advantage I have made of the Extract drawn from this Plant, without adding any Cor∣rective, confirm me in the Opinion of not imploying any other Root, but that of Pine-spurge.

And though I find no necessity of preparing the Root with Vinegar, yet out of Re∣verence to Antiquity, I think that after you have well wash'd and cleans'd these little Roots, instead of steeping them 24 hours in Vinegar, as some do, it will be enough to sprinkle them only, so much as will serve to moisten them; for should they be soak'd in Vinegar, their Milky Juice, wherein resides their chiefest vertue, being there∣by dissolv'd, there would only remain the Terrestrial and unprofitable part: But ob∣serving my Method, the Roots being impregnated with the vertue of the Vinegar, will preserve all their good qualities.

They that consider how little ten drams of Powder'd-Sugar will advantage this Composition, will think it but reasonable to leave it quite out, and approve the Pre∣scription of two pound of despumated Honey, instead of a pound and a half; in re∣gard that there being no Liquor prescrib'd in this Electuary, a pound and a half of Ho∣ney will not be enough for the quantity and driness of the Powders.

Pulverize all the Ingredients together in a large Brass Mortar, beginning with those which are hardest, and sierce them through a Silk-sieve, but beat and sift the Scammony apart, and mingle it afterwards with the Powders: Then take two pound of fair Honey clarifi'd, and boil'd to the consistence of a soft Electuary; and having heated it a little, incorporate the Powders with it, as already directed, and when the Composition is cold, put it up.

The Blessed Laxative purges Flegme and Serosities, but particularly those of the Joynts. It is also very much recommended to carry off the impurities of the Reins and Bladder, as also of the Matrix. The Dose, and manner of taking, is very near the same with that of Diaphoenicon, but it is more commonly us'd in Clysters, then tak'n inwardly.

Electuarium Caryo-Costinum.		Electuary of Cloves and Costus.
℞. Costi,		℞. Costus,
Caryophyllorum,		Cloves,
Zinziberis,		Ginger,
Cumini, an.	ʒ ij.	Cumin, an.	ʒ ij.
Diagrydii,		Diagrydium,
Hermodactylorum, an.	℥ ss.	Hermodactyles, an.	℥ ss.
Mellis opt. despumat.	℥ viij.	Honey despumated,	℥ viij.

In most Dispensatories, we meet not with above six ounces of Honey prescrib'd,

with an equal proportion of Powder: But because this Composition is not much us'd, because all the Ingredients of the Powders are heating and unpleasnt, and for that the whole becomes dry if long kept, it was thought convenient to augment the Dose of Honey to a fourth part: And as for the Wine, because they that prescribe it would have it boil and consume with the Honey, you cannot think that any thing else will remain but the flegmatic and terrestrial part. So that it is better to leave it quite out; since it suffices to take very pure Honey, boil it a little, and scum it off the fire; and when it is half cold, to incorporate the Powders with it, observing the same Rules as for other soft Electuaries.

This Electuary is proper to purge Choleric and Melancholic Serosities. It is us'd in Cachexies, in Maladies that proceed from Viscosity of Humours: It opens Obstructi∣ons, and dissolves Tumours in the Bowels: It is often us'd to purge the Gouty, espe∣cially when the Humour of the Gout is cold. The Dose is from two drams to half an ounce in Bolus, or dissolv'd in proper Liquors.

Confectio Hamech Correcta.		Confection of Hamech Corrected.
℞. Polypodii quercini contusi,		℞. Polypody of the Oak, bruis'd,
Passularum mundatarum, &		Raisons ston'd, and
Prunorum Damascenorum, an.	℥ iiij.	Damask Prunes, an.	℥ iiij.
Coquantur ex arte in seri lactis vac∣cini lb xij. In decocto percolato, & calido in∣funde super calidos Cineres per horas 24.		Boyl them in an Earthen-Pot, in twelve pints of Whey made of Cows-milk. In the strain'd and hot Decoction infuse over the warm Embers for 24 hours,
Mirobalanorum Citrinorum,		Of Mirobalans yellow,
Chebularum,		Chebula,
Indorum contus.		Indian bruis'd,
Seminis Violarum contus.		Violet-seed bruis'd,
Coloquintidis minutim incis.		Coloquintida shred small,
Agarici contus. &		Agaric bruis'd,
Foliorum Sennae mundat. an.	℥ ij	Leaves of Senna cleans'd, an.	℥ ij.
Foliorum Absinthii, &		Leaves of Wormwood, and
Thymi, an.	℥ j.	Thyme, an.	℥ j.
Rosarum Rubrarum,		Red-Roses,
Seminis Anisi, &		Anise-seed, and
Feniculi, an.	ʒ vj.	Fennel-seed, an.	ʒ vj.
Bulliant deinde lento igne per semihoram; & semirefrigerata, manibus diligenter fricentur, colentur & fortiter exprimentur; Colaturae adde succi Fumariae depurati lb ij. Sacchari & Mellis Norbonnensis an. lb iij. & coque ad E∣lectuarii mollis consistentiam. His refrigeratis adde,		Let them boyl over a soft Fire for half an hour; and being half cold, rub them well between your hands, then strain and press them out hard. To the straining add lb ij. of clarifi'd Juice of Fumitory, of Sugar and Honey of Narbon, an. lb iij. and boyl them to the consistence of a soft Electuary. To these when they are half cold, add
Pulparum Cassiae,		Pulps of Cassia,
Tamarindorum &		Tamarinds, and
Mannae electi, an.	℥ iiij.	Choice Manna, an.	℥ iiij.
Illisque tandem permisce Pulveres sequen∣tes.		To all which, lastly, add the following Powders.
℞. Rhei Electi,		℞. Pickt Rhubarb,
Agarici albissimi,		Whitest Agaric,
Foliorum Sennae mundatorum, &		Leaves of Senna cleans'd,
Diagrydii, an.	℥ jss.	Diagrydion, an.	℥ jss▪
Myrobalanorum Citrinorum,		Mirobalans yellow,
Indorum,		Indian,
Emblicorum, &		Emblic, and
Bellericorum,		Belleric,
Epithymi, &		Epithyme, and
Seminis Fumariae, an.	℥ j.	Seed of Fumitory, an.	℥ j.
Cinnamomi,		Cinnamon,
Gingib. &		Ginger, and
Seminis Anisi, an.	ʒ iij.	Anise-seed, an.	ʒ iij.

The diversity of Receipts, the ill-proportion'd Quantities, the ill Method which the Ancients prescrib'd for this Composition, have a long time troubl'd the minds of the Apothecaries, especially those who believing it a Crime not to follow punctually the Traditions of their Ancestors, durst not make use of Understanding Physitians, who were able to prescribe any thing more just. For they might well believe, that a great number of Drugs, of a various substance and quality, requir'd diversity of Infusion, and boiling; and that various means and different times were to be made use of, to extract and impart their vertues to the Confection. They might also have consider'd, that it was impossible to continue an Infusion of Medicaments in Whey for five days, but that it must grow sowre, and receive a notable alteration. But they that will stick to this Receipt, and carefully observe the directions for prepa∣ration, will find that there is no Ingredient but what is good, and well proportion'd; and that the vertue of every one in particular, will not fail to shew it self in the En∣tire Composition.

Confectio Hamech purges Flegm, and both sorts of Choler, particularly salt and sharp Humours: For which reason it is prescrib'd for the cure of Scurfs, Itches, Ere∣sipela's, Cankers, and corroding Ulcers; as also for scald Heads, and other Diseases caus'd by sharp and burning Humours. It is good against the Worms; as also in Ve∣nereal Distempers, and Quartan Agues. The excessive bitterness, is the reason that it is rather giv'n in Bolus, then dissolv'd in Liquors. The Dose is from a dram to half an ounce, and sometimes an ounce for strong Constitutions.

Hiera Picra Galeni.		Galen's Hiera Picra.
℞. Cinnamomi Elect.		℞. Choice Cinnamon,
Mastiches,		Mastich,
Asari,		Asarobacca,
Santali Citrini,		Yellow Saunders,
Croci, an.	ʒ vj.	Saffron, an.	ʒ vj.
Aloes Succotrina,	℥ xij ss.	Aloes Succotrine,	℥ xij. ss.
Mellis despumat. & cocti,	lb v ℥ viij.	Honey despumated and boil'd,	lb. v. ℥ viij.

The high value which Galen put upon this Composition, and its extraordinary bitter taste, caus'd him to give it the Name of Hiera Picra, or Holy Bitter. You may either keep the Powder apart, or mix it with Honey, and reduce it to an Electuary.

Bruise the Saunders, Asarabacca, Cinnamon, and Spikenard, cleans'd and cut in a large Brass-Mortar, and sift them through a Silk-sieve. Beat the Saffron apart, having first dry'd it in a Paper before the fire: Beat the Aloes in a great Mortar, mixing with it some few drops of Oyl of sweet Almonds: Afterwards mix the Powders together, and incorporate them with the Honey moderately hot, and put it up when it is cold.

Some use but three times the weight of the Powders in Honey: But Experience tells us, that the dryness of the Powders requires more; besides, that the Honey qualifies the excess of the bitterness of the Composition.

This Hiera is very proper to loosen thick and viscous humours from the Stomach; to open the obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, Pancreas, and Mesentery: It keeps the Belly free, causes the Haemorrhoids to flow, provokes the Terms of Women, dissipates the vapours of the Matrix, and cleanses the impurities thereof. The dose is from half a dram to two drams: It is tak'n rather in Bolus, then dissolv'd in Liquors, by reason of its bitterness: It is us'd in Wind-expelling and Hysteric Glysters, from half an ounce to an ounce; and sometimes put into Suppositories, to render them more effectual.

Hiera Diacolocynthidos.		Hiera of Coloquinth.
℞. Colocynthidos mundat.		℞. Coloquinth cleans'd,
Agarici Elect.		Choice Agaric,
Staechados Arabicae,		Arabian Cassidony,
Marrubii Abbi,		White Harehound,
Chamaedryos, an.	ʒ x.	Germander, an.	ʒ x.
Opoponax,		Opoponax,

Sagapen,		Sagapen,
Seminis Petroselini,		Stone-Parsley-seed,
Radicis Aristolochiae rotundae,		Root of round Birth-wort,
Piperis Albi, an.	ʒ v.	White Pepper, an.	ʒ v.
Cimamomi,		Cinnamon,
Spicae Nardi,		Spikenard,
Myrrhae,		Myrrh,
Folii Indi,		Indian-leaf,
Croci, an.	℥ ss.	Saffron, an.	℥ ss.
Mellis despumati & cocti,	lb iiij.	Honey despumated and boil'd,	lb iiij.

This Hiera takes its Name from the Coloquinth, which is the principal purging In∣gredient, whose vertue is augmented by that of the Agaric, Opoponax, Sagapen, and Myrrh. The other Ingredients are put in chiefly to expel Wind, open Obstructions, and fortifie the parts against the violence of the Purgatives.

In the Composition of this Hiera, the Ancients are no more to be follow'd, then in that of Treacle; I mean, as to the dissolution of Opoponax and Sagapen in Wine, for the reasons already alledged: Nor is it necessary to reduce the Agaric or Colo∣quinth into Trochisques, under pretence of Correctives, of which there are enough in this Composition. It will be sufficient to beat and pass them among the other Ingre∣dients through a Silk-sieve, beginning the Powder with the Birth-wort and Spikenard, which may be beaten sometime together, adding some part of the Gums; proceeding next with the Cinnamon, the Pulp of Coloquinth cut, the Agaric, adding to them also some part of the Gums, and then all the rest of the Drugs, and the remainder of the Gums. Beat them all into a very fine Powder, because of the Coloquinth, which would stick to the Stomach or Bowels if it were too big. The Powders must be incorporated with the warm Honey, as before.

There are great vertues attributed to this Hiera, of which the chief are to cure Epi∣leptics, Mad-men, and those that are troubl'd with Vertigo's, and continual diseases of the Head. It is accounted an Excellent Remedy against: Asthma's, Pleurisies, and for those that have lost their Voice: But there is some probability of its being too hot to be us'd in these distempers, unless their causes be judiciously consider'd. It is also made use of in Convulsions and Lethargies, to dissipate the pains of the Joynts and Kid∣neys, and those that are caus'd by Rheumatismes, and the Gout; to asswage pains of the Stomach, and qualifie the sowrness that ingender there; to loosen and carry off melancholy humours, and to ease the pains of the Intestines and Matrix, caus'd by Slimy and tartarous humours. The dose, and manner of taking, are like those of Hiera Picra, as well to be tak'n inwardly, as to be dissolv'd in Glysters.

Electuarium de Psyllio Correctum.		Electuary of Flea-wort Corrected.
℞. Polypodii quercini contus.	lb ss.	℞. Polypody of the Oak bruis'd,	lb ss.
Passularum Damascenarum purgatarum, Foliorum Sennae Orientalis mundatorum, & Seminis Violarum contus. an.	℥ iij.	The fairest Raisins of the Sun ston'd, Leaves of Oriental Senna cleans'd, and Seed of Violets bruis'd, an.	℥ iij.
Epithymi, & Tartari Albi Monspeliensis contusi, an.	℥ ij.	Epithyme, White Tartar of Montpelier bruis'd, an.	℥ ij.
Coquantur in succorum depuratorum Apii,		Boil them in the clarifi'd Juices of Par∣sley,
Borraginis,		Borrage,
Buglossi,		Bugloss,
Endiviae, & Fumitariae, an.	lb ij ss.	Endive, and Fumitory, an.	lb ij ss.
Deinde colentur & exprimantur:		Then strain and press them:
In majori parte colaturae infundantur,		In the greater part of the straining infuse
Seminis Psyllii integri ℥ iij. & ex illis ex∣trahatur ex arte Muscilage, & serve∣tur,		Of Flea-wort-seed whole ℥ iij. and out of these extract a Muscilage, and set it aside,
Reliqua Decocti parte humectentur,		With the other part of the Decoction moisten,

Tamarindorum Oriental. ℥ x. & Medulla librarum duarum Cassiae Orientalis, quorum pul∣pa extrahatur & igne lento inspissetur, ita ut uniuscujusque pulpae inspissatae ℥ vij. super∣sint.		Of Oriental Tamarinds ℥ x. and the pulp of two pound of Cassia Oriental; the pulp of which is to be drawn out, and thick'nd with a slow Fire, so that of each pulp thus thickn'd ℥ vij. may remain.
Servato vero Mucilago cum Sacchari opt. lb iiij. igne lento ad Electuarii mollis consisten∣tiam coquatur, semique refrigeratis Pulpae & Pulvis sequens permisceantur.		Let the reserv'd Mucilage be boil'd to the consistence of a soft Electuary, over a soft Fire, with lb iiij. of the best Sugar, and when they are half cold, add the Pulp and Powder following.
℞. Diagrydii elect,	℥ iiij.	℞. Choice Diagrydium,	℥ iiij.
Rhabarbari opt. & Seminis Violarum, an.	℥ ij.	Rhubard choice, and Violet-seeds, an.	℥ ij.
Rosarum Rubrarum,		Red-Roses,
Liqueritiae mundat.		Cleans'd Liquorice,
Santali Citrini, & Rasurae Eboris, an.	℥ j.	Yellow Sanders, and Shavings of Ivory, an.	℥ j.
Sem. quat. frig. maj. mund.		The four greater cold Seeds cleans'd,
Anisi,		Seeds of Anise,
Foeniculi, & Papaveris Albi, an.	ʒ ij.	Fennel, and White Poppy, an.	ʒ ij.

Electuary of Flea-wort is not mention'd in all Dispensatories, but those Descripti∣ons which we meet with are very unlike, confus'd, irregular, ill proportion'd and intri∣cate, some being swell'd with four Compositions of Troquishes to no purpose. Which oblig'd Monsieur the Kings first Physitian to prescribe and order this for the public good.

First, boyl the Tartar and Polypody well bruis'd in the clarifi'd Juices for an hour; afterwards the Raisins cut and Violet seeds bruis'd, a quarter of an hour, then boyl the Epithyme and Senna, for a quarter of an hour longer among all the rest. That done, in∣fuse the Flea-wort seed in about two thirds of that Liquor four or five hours over a very soft Fire in a glaz'd Earthen Pipkin, stirring it often with a Wooden Spatula, the bet∣ter to draw forth the Mucilages, and when they are sufficiently thick, strain them through a strong Cloth, and press out the Sediment. Moisten the Pulp of Tamarinds and Cassia prescrib'd with the rest of the Decoction, and having beaten them in a Mar∣ble Mortar, pass them through a hair Sieve, to get the Pulps, which after you have mingl'd together, set them over a gentle Fire, and evaporate their superfluous moisture, stirring them often with a Spatula till they are sufficiently thick'nd. Then boyl the Mucilages and Sugar prescrib'd to the consistence mention'd. But look well to the viscous substance of the Mucilages, which will make you think the Sugar is boyl'd e∣nough when it is not: Yet have a care of boyling it too much, lest you lose the lubri∣city of the Mucilages.

The preparation of the Powder is the same as before.

This Electuary is very proper to purge Choleric and Serous Humours: It is profit∣able in all sorts of Agues, against Diseases of the Head, and Vertigo's proceeding from Choleric Humours; It helps against the Jaundice, and all Diseases of the Liver and Spleen: It is to be taken as other Laxative Electuaries: but the Dose is less, viz. from a dram to half an ounce, because of the larger quantity of the Scammony.

Electuarium Anti-hydropicum D. D. D'AQUIN.		An Electuary against the Dropsie, of Monsieur D'AQUIN.
℞. Rhabarbari elect.		℞. Choice Rhubarb,
Foliorum Sennae oriental mundatorum,		Leaves of Oriental Senna cleans'd,
Seminis Genistae,		Broom-seed,
Radicum Brioniae,		Roots of Briony,
Jalopae,		Jalap,
Mechoacan,		Mechoacan,
Scammonii,		Scammony,
Gummi Guttae, &		Gum Guttae, or, Gutta Gamba, and

Trochiscorum Alhandal, an.	℥ j.	Trochisks of Alhandal, an.	℥ j.
Extracti totius Esulae,		Extract of the whole Spurge,
Opopanacis,		Opopanax,
Sagapeni,		Sagapen,
Ammoniaci, & Salis Martis, an.	ʒ vj.	Ammoniac, Salt of Steel, an.	ʒ vj.
Elaterii,	℥ ss.	Elaterium,	℥ ss.
Succorum Radicis Ireos nostratis, &		Juices of the Root of French Orrice, and
Radicis Sambuci ad extracti mollioris con∣sistentiam inspissatorum, an.	lb j.	Root of Elder thick'nd, to the consi∣stence of a soft Extract, an.	lb j.
Extracti mollioris granorum Juniperi, & Syrupi de Rhamno Cathartico, an.	lb j ss.	Soft Extract of Juniper-Berries, and Syrup of Purging-Thorn, an.	lb j ss.

Evaporate the Juices of the Roots of Orrice and Elder over a soft fire, to the con∣sistence mention'd: Pulverize in a large Brass-Mortar the Rhubarb, Jalap, Mechoa∣can, Briony, Broomseed, Trochisks of Alhandal, Senna, and the Gums all together; all but the Scammony, and Gutta-gamba, which must be pulveriz'd apart; and having mix'd all the Powders together, and added to them the Salt of Steel, moderately the Syrup of purging Thorn; then incorporate, first by degrees, the Juices and Extracts thick'nd, and after that the Powders, as before directed for soft Electuaries.

They that understand the particular vertues of the Ingredients of this Electuary, can∣not but acknowledge that they are all judiciously chosen, and that they must be very effectual for the purposes for which this Electuary is design'd, which are for the cure of the Dropsie, and particularly that which is call'd Ascites, when the water is got be∣tween the Flesh and the Skin, where it will not fail to succeed, provided the Liver and Spleen, and other principal Bowels, are not too much corrupted; and that the Patient stick close to the Remedy. The dose of this Electuary is from one dram to half an Ounce: It may be dissolv'd in White-wine, or some opening Liquor, but the best way is to take it in Bolus, by reason of its bitterness.

Electuarium Diacarthami.		Electuary of Bastard-Saffron.
℞. Medullae seminis Carthami,		℞. The Pulp of Carthamus-seed,
Pulveris Diatragacanthi frigidi,		Powder of cold Diatragacanthum,
Hermodactylorum, & Diagrydii, an.	℥ j.	Hermodactyls, and Diagrydion, an.	℥ j.
Turbith Electi,	℥ j ss.	Choice Turbith,	℥ j ss.
Zinziberis,	℥ ss.	Ginger,	℥ ss.
Mannae granulosae,	℥ ij ss.	Manna in Grains,	℥ ij ss.
Mellis Rosaticolati, & Carnis Cydoniorum conditae, an.	℥ ij.	Honey of Roses strain'd, and The condited substance of Quinces, an.	℥ ij.
Sacchari solidi in aqua soluti, & in Ele∣ctuarium solidum cocti,	℥ xx ij.	Sugar dissolv'd in water, and boil'd to the consistence of a solid Electuary,	℥ xx ij.

This Receipt of Diacarthanum is somewhat different from those which are to be found in many Dispensatories; sometimes under the Name of Arnoldus de Villa Nova, Nicholas the Florentine, and sometimes without a Name; in some there is Sugar-Can∣dy, but less Manna, less Scammony, and less fine Sugar; in others, no Sugar-Candy, but more Scammony, more Manna, and Sugar; in others, more Powder of Diatraga∣canth, less Carthamus-seed, less Ginger, and Mel Rosatum. Therefore I have here produc'd a Receipt, wherein the Sugar-Candy is omitted as useless, and the quantity of the Manna augmented, as also in some small measure that of the Sugar, to supply the defect of the Sugar-Candy, and to keep a due proportion with the Scammony, and other Ingredients.

Neither what Holy Writ delivers to us concerning Manna, white, sweet, and like Coriander-seed, which God rain'd down from Heaven to feed the Israelites, nor what we have spoken other-where of a certain sort of Manna, which being rais'd in Sum∣mer from the vapours of the Earth, and digested in the Air, is condens'd by the

cold, and shews it self in certain hot Countries, before Sun-rise, upon Plants, Trees, Rocks, and upon the Earth it self, as in some parts of Provence and Languedock, and melts and disappears when heated by the Rays of the Sun, cannot convince me to be of the Opinion of those, who would have the Manna which we make use of, to be a Honey of the Air, or a kind of Dew, since Reason and Experience testifie the contrary.

For if Manna were a Dew rais'd from the vapours of the Earth, and condens'd by the Cold, as they assure us, it would certainly melt, and be dissipated by heat, which our Manna does not, but rather condenses and dries in the Sun. Moreover, it would be certainly found upon all Plants, Trees, Rocks and Earths where-ever it were ex∣hal'd, whereas it is only found upon the ordinary Ash, call'd in Latine, Fraxinus; and upon the wild Ash, in Latine, Ornus; and upon some of those Trees but very little, upon others none at all. Nor should we meet with such large Tears, nor so long, and some that shew the very print of the leaf upon which they grew. Nor should we find the leaves of Ash so often mix'd with it; nor could we keep it whole years together, as we often do upon occasion.

As little prevails with me what sundry Greek, Arabian, and Modern Authors have written, that the Manna which is brought to us in such quantities, grows in the King∣dom of Naples, and particularly in Calabria; and that it is a white, sweet juice or li∣quor, condens'd by the Beams of the Sun, and distils either voluntarily, or by Inci∣sion from the branches, boughs, and very leaves also of common and wild Ashes, before and during the Dog-days. And that the other Manna, less plentiful, grows about Briancon in the upper Dauphinate, distilling from the Trees of that Country; that both the one and the other Manna ceases not to distil, though you cover the Boughs with Linnen, or any other stuff: And that if Manna were a Honey of the Air or Dew, it were impossible to gather it, or to keep it without melting or dissipating, nor to ga∣ther it in the heat of the Sun, as they do that Manna which is brought to us: For all Manna of the Air that appears in the morning condens'd by the cold, vanishes when it feels the heat of the Sun.

Alcomarus, a Neapolitan Physitian, well insighted into these truths, has wrote largely and very much to the purpose upon this Subject, in a Treatise which he printed in the year 1561. whose Reasons are maintain'd by Costaeus in his Commentaries upon Mesue.

Joseph Donzellus, a Neopolitan Physitian likewise, in his Pharmacopeutial Theatre, printed at Naples in the year 1667. confirms what Alcomarus has wrote before him, when he tells us, that Manna is a juice which distils from the Ash, condens'd by the heat and benign temper of the Air, and that it ought to be rank'd in the number of Gums that distil from Trees, dissolve in moisture, and coagulate with heat, being far different from the Arabian Manna, which is only a Dew that melts with heat: And describing that Manna that grows in Calabria, which is that which we every day make use of; and discoursing with Battista Ferrarius, a Physitian of the Country, he speaks that which I thought fit here to Epitomize.

There are three sorts of Manna in Calabria; the first call'd Manna di Corpo, the se∣cond Manna Forzata, or Forzatella, and the third Manna di Fronda. These Manna's are no Dews, but a juice that distils from the common Ashes, call'd Fraxini, or the wild ones call'd Orni; these Manna's are gather'd in a hot settl'd season, when no Rain falls; and they begin to distil when the Sun enters into Cancer, which is about the twen∣ty first of June. The first and fairest Manna issues forth voluntarily, from the body or biggest branches of the Tree, in a Chrystalline liquor, forming it self into Tears big∣ger or lesser, as the part of the Tree is more or less full of it. They are careful to ga∣ther this Manna the next day after it is distill'd forth; for in that time it hardens by little and little, and becomes white; but if it should rain in the night, or any Mists should rise, it would melt and come to nothing. They begin to take it off from the bark of the Tree with a thin-pointed knife by Sun-rise, putting it, as they gather it, into glaz'd Earthen-pots; then spreading it upon white paper, they expose it to the Sun, till it cease to stick to the fingers, least the Manna should dissolve by the means of any su∣perfluous moisture, and lose its whiteness. This gathering continues from the twenty first of June, till the latter end of July.

The second call'd Forzata, or forc'd, is drawn forth in the Month of August, when the first Manna ceases to flow voluntarily; for the Country-people would the bark of the Trunks, to the wood it self, with very sharp Instruments; and so from Noon, till ten a Clock at Night, you shall see the Manna flow from those wounds, so that you shall sometimes see it clotted together at the bottom of the Tree like little sticks of Wax: They never gather it till the next day after Incision. This is not so well esteem'd, as

being more yellow then the first, and apt to turn brown, being kept any time, though nothing less purgative.

The third is call'd Manna di Fronda, or of the Leaves, flowing voluntarily from the leaves of the Ash like little drops of water, as appears like a kind of sweat upon the nervous part of the Leaf, during the heat of the day, and extends it self all over the Leaf, though the drops are bigger at the stalk, then at the end, or point. These drops harden, and become white in the Sun, and are somewhat bigger then Grains of Wheat. In August the great leaves of the Ash will be so loaden with these drops, as if they were cover'd with Snow: They do not labour so much to gather this Manna, because of the dissiculty to separate it from the Leaves, though it be no less purgative then the o∣ther.

These Truths are confirm'd also by Mr. John Ray, of the Royal Society of Lon∣don, in his Catalogue of English Plants, printed at London in the year 1670.

Besides all these, Mounsieur Nicholas Marchand, a Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Herbalist to the King, and Director of the Plantation of the Garden-Royal, has confirm'd all these things to me, as one that has been an Eye-witness, to the end I might be able to speak with more assurance. I have also understood the same thing from several other persons who have liv'd several years in Calabria, that there is no reason in the world to question it.

The Diagrydion must be bruis'd apart, mixing some of the Carthamus-seeds with it, and pass'd through a Silk-sieve. The Turbith, Hermodactils, Ginger, and the rest of the Carthamus, must be beaten together in a large Brass-Mortar; and being pass'd through a Silk-sieve, must be mingl'd with the Diagrydion and Diatraga∣canth newly prepar'd. Beat the condited substance of the Quinces in a Marble-Mortar with a Wooden-pestle; and having pass'd it through a Hair-sieve revers'd, mix it with the Mel-Rosatum, and Manna; then having dissolv'd the Sugar in six ounces of water, and boil'd it to the consistency mention'd, put the Honey, the Pulp of Quinces, and the Manna into it; and having giv'n them a soft boiling, to evaporate the superfluous moisture of the Honey of Roses, and Quinces, take them off the fire, and stir the whole with a Wooden-pestle; and when it begins to coa∣gulate, mingle the powders as exactly as you can; and when all is incorporated, take out the Pestle: Then having separated the Mass in the Bason, take it in your hands, oyl'd before with Oyl of Sweet-Almonds, and spread it upon a sheet of white paper a little oyl'd, and make a kind of a Cake about half the thickness of your lit∣tle finger, which you shall cut into Tablets of half an ounce a-piece; and when they are cold, put them up in a Box.

These Tablets are proper to purge Flegm, and a yellow Choler; for which reason they are useful in Diseases that proceed from the abundance of those humours; as Palsies, Epilepsies, and most Diseases of the Brain; Rhumatismes, Gouts, and Quoti∣dian Agues. They are to be taken in distill'd waters, or proper Decoctions. They may be also made up in Bolus, or eaten alone, or mingl'd with purgative Syrups. When they are given alone, the Dose is from two drams to six.

You may keep apart the Powder of this Electuary, and give it from half a dram to a dram, or a dram and a half.

Electurium de Citro Solutivum.		Solutive Electuary of Citron.
℞. Foliorum Senna Orientalis mundatorum,	ʒ vj.	℞. Leaves of Oriental Senna cleans'd,	ʒ vj.
Turbith electi,	ʒ v.	Choice Turbith,	ʒ v.
Corticis Citri Saccharo conditi,		Citron-rind condited with Sugar,
Conservae florum Buglossi, & Violarum,		Conserve of Flowers of Bugloss, and Violets,
Pulveris Diatragacanthi frig. &		Powder of cold Diatragacanth,
Diagrydii, an.	℥ ss.	Diagrydion, an.	℥ ss.
Seminis Feniculi dulcis,	ʒ ij.	Sweet Fennel-seed,	ʒ ij.
Zinziberis,	ʒ ss.	Ginger,	ʒ ss.
Sacchari opt. in aqua Buglossi soluti, & in Electuarium solidum cocti,	℥ ix.	Fine Sugar dissolv'd in Borage-water, and boil'd to a solid Electuary,	℥ ix.

This Electuary bears the name of Citron-rind condited, though it afford it no pur∣gative vertue, and only serves to strengthen the Stomach, and the Noble parts, during the Operation of the purgers. The Prescription differs in several Dispensatories; but this is approv'd as well by Du Rencri, and the Compilers of the Pharmacopaea Londinen∣sis, so that I thought it not convenient to alter it.

This Electuary may pass for an Universal Purger, for it purges flegm, and also both cholers, strengthening the parts withal: the Purgatives are sufficiently corrected, so that this Electuary is often given in Tertians, and half Tertians; to cleanse the Sto∣mach from its impurities, to discharge the Hypochondriums, restore the Appetite, and a good habit of body, and to fortifie the bowels. The manner of taking and dose of this Electuary are very near alike.

Electuarium do Succo Violarum.		Electuary of Juice of Violets.
℞. Seminis Violarum, & Diagrydii, an.	℥ j.	℞. Violet-seeds, and Diagrydion, an.	℥ j.
Liquoritiae & Rosarum Rubrarum, an.	℥ ss.	Liquorice and Red-roses, an.	℥ ss.
Seminum quat. frig. maj. mundatorum, an.	ʒ ss.	The four greater cold seeds, an.	ʒ ss.
Succi recentis Violarum,	℥ ix.	New juice of Violets,	℥ ix.
Sacchari optimi,	lb j ss.	Finest Sugar,	lb j ss.

Pulverize the Violets, Liquorice, Red-roses, cold Seeds, and Diagrydion, as be∣fore: Dissolve the Sugar grosly powder'd in a Copper-Skillet tinn'd within, in nine ounces of Juice of Violets newly press'd out, and boil them together over a soft fire to the consistence of a solid Electuary: Then take the Posnet from the fire, gently stirring the Sugar, till it begins to coagulate, at which time incorporate the Powders with all the care and exactness that may be.

This Electuary is chiefly to purge such persons as have a nice and tender Breast, and subject to Inflammation. It is also proper for those whose Liver and Entrails are heat∣ed: For the Juice of Violets, assisted by the oyliness of the Seeds, qualifies the Acri∣mony and sharpness of the Diagrydion, and prevents it from heating the parts, while it carries away the ill humours: The dose and manner of taking, is much the same with that of Diacarthamum.

Electuarium de Succo Rosarum.		Electuary of Juice of Roses.
℞. Succi Rosarum depurati & Sacchari opt. an.	lb j ss.	℞. Juice of Roses clarifi'd, and the finest Sugar, an.	lb j ss.
Coquantur igne moderato in Electuarium solidum, cui semi-refrigerato permisce pulverem sequentem.		Boil them over a gentle fire to a solid Electuary; and when they are half cold, mingle the following Powder therewith.
℞. Scammonii Elect.	ʒ ix.	℞. Chosen Scammony,	ʒ ix.
Trium Santalorum, &		The three Sanders,
Mastiches, an.	ʒ iij.	Mastich, an.	ʒ iij.
Subtiliter pulverizentur & Saccharo ex Arte permisceantur.		Beat them to a very fine powder, and mix them according to Art.

The Prescription of this Electuary differs as much in most Electuaries as that of Diacarthanum; for some augment the Saunders, others the Scammony; others abate the Juice of Roses, others put in Spodium instead of Mastich, others prescribe Cam∣phire, and every one pretends to Reason; but not to blame others, I believe this not to be inferiour to any of them.

You must be careful to have your Juice of Roses perfectly well cllrifi'd; and having boil'd it as directed, take it from the fire, and stir it gently with a wooden-pestle till it begin to coagulate, at what time mix the Powders, as before.

This Electuary is chiefly recommended to purge cholerick humours; but that hin∣ders not but that it may also purge other humours that may be mingled therewith. The dose and manner of taking this Electuary is the same with those of the precedent Ele∣ctuaries.

I could have swell'd this Chapter with a great many more Electuaries, with which Di∣spensatories are full cramm'd. But believing that the instructions which I have giv'n may serve as a sufficient rule whereby to undertake and accomplish any other that may be prescrib'd, I thought fit to forbear, leaving every one to prepare such remedies, and to follow such directions as he likes best.

I might have added a Chapter of Junkets or Sweet-meets, call'd in Latin Tragemata, or Bellaria; but their consistence is almost the same with solid Electuaries, as also their foundation, which is Sugar. But because they are not much us'd in Physic and may be prepar'd at any time with proper Powders, Sugar, and Mucilages of Gum-Tragacanth, I am unwilling to enlarge too far.

CHAP. XXI. Of Trochisks.

IN imitation of the Greeks, all those who have written of Pharmacy, have giv'n the name of Trochisks to a dry Composition, the chief Ingredients whereof are usually reduc'd to a fine powder, then being incorporated with some liquor, are made into a mass, of which are form'd certain small Cakes, to which you may give what Figure you please, being then to be dry'd out of the Sun, or at distance from the Fire. However you may add several pulps and viscous matters to the composition of Trochisks, but there is no reducing those substances into a mass, or to the shape and driness of Trochisks, un∣less you mix powders very finely beaten among them. They are also call'd Pastils, Rolls, Cakes, and Lozenges. Trochisks were invented, as well to preserve a long time the vir∣tue of certain Medicaments, as to unite together the vertue of several. To which pur∣pose having finely powder'd the Ingredients which are to be powder'd, they are to be incorporated with some juice, syrup, or other viscous Liquor, to make thereof a solid paste, out of which are form'd little Trochisks, flat, round, triangular, square, long or otherwise; which being spread upon paper, and dry'd out of the Sun, and at a distance from the Fire, to the end they may be dry'd in all parts alike, may be put up in Boxes or Pots for use.

Formerly a great number of Trochisks were prepar'd, as appears by the ancient Di∣spensatories which are full of them. But because the Moderns have rejected so great a number, we thought it convenient to satisfie our selves with those which are only in use.

Trochisks are prepar'd for several purposes, some to close and bind, some to forti∣fie the parts, some to cut and purge, some to cleanse and incrassate; whence it comes to pass that they are prescrib'd in all Diseases of the Breast and Lungs. Others for Dis∣eases of the Eyes, and were call'd Sief by the Arabians. Others which are particularly call'd by the name of Pastils, were invented for Perfumes, which are usually compos'd of odoriferous Gums, mix'd with Woods, or other Aromatic Drugs pulveriz'd and in∣corporated with Mucilages of Gum-Tragacanth.

Trochisci de Agarico.		Trochisks of Agaric.
℞. Zinziberis albi contus.	ʒ ij.	℞. White Ginger bruis'd,	ʒ ij.
Vini albi,	℥ iiij.	White-Wine,	℥ iiij.
Infundantur frigide horis viginti quatuor, & colentur: postmodum,		Let them infuse cold for twenty four hours, then strain them: afterwards.
℞. Agarici electi in pulverem redacti,	lb ss.	℞. Choice Agaric reduc'd into Powder,	lb ss.
Pr••dicto liquore humectetur & ex illa fingan∣tur Trochisci in umbra siccandi.		Moisten it with the foresaid Liquor, and make of it Trochisks to be dry'd in the shade.

To prepare these Trochisks right and to have them white, you must stay for fair warm and dry weather, and be careful to pick your Agaric very clean and very white through all its substance, very light and very brittle, & to reduce it into powder with a very small Rasp: In the mean while infuse coldly two drams of white Ginger, very well cleans'd from its Bark, and well bruis'd, for four and twenty hours in four ounces of white Wine; then having strain'd the Infusion, moisten the Powder of Agaric with the Infu∣sion, and beating them together in a Marble-Mortar with a wooden-Pestle, reduce it into a solid mass; and make of it little Trochisks, which you must spread upon white paper in a hair-Sieve revers'd, and dry in the shade in the open Air.

They that undertake to prepare these Trochisks right, fail in the preparation; for instead of preserving their white colour, they so order it that they are of a very dark colour, which happens either because their Agaric is not well chosen, or because the Ginger was infus'd warm, or because the paste was too moist, or because the Tro∣chisks were expos'd to the Sun or Fire.

Some there are that add to these Trochisks, Sal gemmae as an incentive, and Ginger in substance as a corrective; and make use of simple Oxymel instead of an Infusion of Ginger to reduce Agaric into paste. This preparation might be admitted, if you could preserve the white colour of the Agaric, which is very much to be regarded.

The principal use of Trochisks of Agaric, is to purge Phlegme, though at the same time they also purge other humours, when they are mix'd with it. They cut and loosen viscous and tenacious humours, and open obstructions of all the Bowels. They are prescrib'd to carry off old pains in the Head, to heal distempers in the Eyes, Ears and Teeth; to cleanse the Stomach, Reins, Liver, Spleen and Matrix; to kill Worms and to ease the pains of Asthmaticks, and those whose viscous matters stop the Conduits of Respiration. Their dose is from one scruple to a dram. They are seldom giv'n alone, being more frequently prescrib'd in infusion then in substance; unless when they are to be put into Pills or Opiates, or other such-like Compositions.

Trochisci Alhandal.

Alhandal Trochisks.

℞. Pulpae Colocynthidis electa & mundat•• quantum libuerit, forcipe minutim incide, gut∣tis aliquot Olei Amygdalarum dulcium irrora & in subtilem pulverem redige. Ex pulvere Mucilagine Gummi Tragacanthi excepto fac Massam, ex Massa Trochiscos in umbra siccan∣dos. Siccos iterum subtiliter tere, nova Gummi Tragacanthi mucilagine excipe, no••os Trochiscos singe in umbrâ sicca & ad usum serva.

℞. The choicest ••••ulp of Coloquintida, cleans'd as much as is fit, cut it very small with a pair of Scissers, moisten it with some few drops of Oyl of sweet Almonds and reduce it into fine powder. Of the powder make a Mass with Mucilage of Gum-Tragacanth, of the Mass Trochisks to be dry'd in the shade. When they are dry powder them again, and mix them with more Mucilage of Tragacanth: Make new Trochisks; dry them in the shade, and keep them for use.

Choose out the Apples of Coloquinth very white and well grown; and throwing away the grains cut the pulp very small, and having slightly moisten'd it with some drops of Oyl of sweet Almonds, bruise it in a Brass-Mortar, and poss it through a Silk-Sieve. In the mean time pulverize one or two drams of Gum-Tragacanth very white, and infuse it upon hot Embers in five or six ounces of good Rose-water till it be altoge∣ther dissolv'd and reduc'd into a thick but soft Mucilage: Then put the powder of Coloquinth into a Marble-Mortar, and having moisten'd it with some part of the Muci∣lages beat it together with a woodden-Pestle, and reduce it to a mass somewhat solid, of which you shall make little Trochisks, and dry them in the shade. When they are dry pul∣verize them again; and having pass'd the powder through a Silk-Sieve, incorporate it with new Mucilage of Gum-Tragacanth, for a mass to make Trochisks like the for∣mer; which are to be dry'd in the shade and put up for use.

Some add Gum Arabic and Bdellium to the Tragacanth, to extract Mucilages neces∣sary for the composition of these Trochisks. But the principal intention of them that added them being only to stifle and abate the violent operation of the Coloquinth, and to separate all the small parts from it, by beating and rebeating it, and passing it twice through the sieve, the Gum-Tragacanth may very well suffice alone, and the two other Gums may be very well omitted.

These Trochisks purge flegme, and thick, and viscous humours, particularly of the Brain, Brest, Flesh, and Joynts; so that they are often prescrib'd in Epilepsies, Apo∣plexies, Vertigo's, and old diseases of the Head; against Asthma's, and Coughs, stop∣page of the Lights, Sciatica's, Rhumatisms, and all Maladies of the Joynts; but parti∣cularly against Dropsies, especially that call'd Ascites, Colicks caus'd by vis∣cous and tenacious humours. Their excessive bitterness is the reason that they are ne∣ver prescrib'd but in Bolus. Their violent operation also causes them to be seldome prescrib'd, but only to be mix'd with gentle Medicines. However the infusion of these Trochisks is given alone, made in white Wine for those that cannot endure the bitterness of the taste; and it succeeds very well. The usual dose is a scruple of Trochisks bruis'd, infus'd in four ounces of white Wine, the liquor whereof must be drank pass'd through coarse paper, and the dose repeated three times for three several days. But when these Trochisks are given in their proper substance, the dose is from a grain to seven or eight, or at farthest ten for very strong Constitutions, and in extraordinary Diseases; especially in those where nature is over burthen'd and is not able to help her self.

Trochisks of Alhandal are put into several compositions, especially Pills; and they may be us'd where-ever Coloquinth is prescrib'd in substance, and so much the ra∣ther, because the Coloquinth being there finely powder'd is less apt stick to the Sto∣mach and Intestines.

Trochisci Bechici Albi.		White Trochisks against Coughs.
℞. Sacchari albissimi subtiliter pulverisat.	lb jss.	℞. Finest white Sugar finely powder'd,	lb jss.
Amyli,		Amylum, or Starch of Wheat,
Ireos Florentiae,		Florence Orrice,
Liquoritiae mundatae subtilissimè pulverat. an.	℥j.	Liquorice cleans'd finely powder'd, an.	℥j.
Ambrae Griseae,		Amber-greese,
Moschi Orientis, an.	gr. iiij,	Eastern Mosch, an.	gr. iiij.

Pulverize very finely a dram of Gum-Tragacanth very white, dissolve it upon hot Embers in five or six ounces of good Rose-water, and reduce it to a mucilage, and set it by. Choose out the best Liquorice, and scrape off the rind, so that nothing appear but what is very yellow; pulverize it very finely apart, as well as the Amydon or Amylum, the Florence Orrice, and the fine Sugar. Pulverize together the Musk and the Amber∣greese, mixing therewith about two drams of Sugar-Candy to facilitate the division of the parts. Then mix all these powders in a Marble-Mortar, and having incorporated them with as much of the mucilage of Gum-Tragacanth as is requisite to reduce them into a paste somewhat solid, form it into Trochisks, or little sticks to be dry'd in the shade and kept for your use.

Some call these Trochisks by the name of Juice of white Liquorice; the Receipt whereof is not to be found in the Dispensatories. Sometimes also they alter the Ingre∣dients, mixing therewith Sugar Candy, or Penedite; and increasing or abating the quantity of the rest.

These Trochisks are us'd against salt and sharp defluxions that fall upon the Brain and upon the Lungs. They give ease to them that are troubled with violent Coughs, or suf∣fer any oppression upon their Lungs; they may be taken at any time, holding them in the Mouth till they melt. They are also good to preserve the Breath sweet and grate∣ful to the smell.

Trochisci Bechici Nigri.		Black Trochisks against Coughs.
℞. Succi, sive extracti Liquoritia inspissat.	℥ ix.	℞. Juice or Extract of Liquorice thick∣en'd,	℥ ix.
Pulveris Ireos Florentiae,		Powder of Flurence Orrice,
Amyli, &		Wheat-Starch, and
Liquoritiae mundat, an.	℥ ij.	Liquorice cleans'd, an.	℥ ij.
Cinnamomi acutissimi,	ʒ j.	Biting-Cinnamon,	ʒ i.
Sacchari albissimi,		Sugar refin'd,
Candi, &		Candy, and
Penidiati pulveratorum, an.	lb j.	Penidiate pulveriz'd, of each,	lb j.

Make a solid Paste of all with Mucilage of Gum-Tragacanth, extracted with Hysop∣water, and form it into Trochisks to be dry'd in the shade.

These Trochisks are call'd black because of their dark colour. They are not so plea∣sing as the preceding. They that would prepare them well, should make use of Extract of Liquorice prepar'd as I shall direct in its proper place. But they that will not take that pains, must take good Liquorice, and having dissolv'd it in som Pectoral-water, and filter'd it, must evaporate it afterwards to the consistence of an Extract.

These Trochisks are much us'd in Diseases of the Lungs, especially where there is any occasion to cut and loosen Flegm, and to hasten expectoration: They are to be taken as the former, but less at a time.

You may add to the composition Eastern-Bole, Terra-Sigillata, and Poppy-seed, or Extract of Opium, if you would make them more fit to stop defluxions from the Brains upon the Lungs: and make them like to Trochisks of Terra-Sigillata, or Karabe. These Trochisks may be prepar'd at any time; and therefore it is better to prepare them of∣ten, then let them be spoyl'd.

Trochisci Albi Rhasis.		White Trochisks of Rhases.
℞. Cerussae aquâ Rosarum lotae,	℥ ijss.	℞. White-lead wash'd in Rose-water,	℥ ijss.
Sarcocollae lacte muliebri nutritae & siccatae,	ʒ vj.	Sarcocol moisten'd with Womans-milk and dry'd,	ʒ vj.
Amyli,	℥ ss.	Pounded Wheat-flowre	℥ ss.
Gummi-Arabici, &		Gum-Arabic, and
Tragacanthi, an.	ʒ ij.	Tragacanth, an.	ʒ ij.
Camphorae,	ʒ j.	Camphire,	ʒ j.

Choose out good Ceruse of Venice, and bray it upon Porphyrie with Rose-water, as you grind Pretious-stones; and when it is reduc'd into a Powder not to be felt, extend it upon White-paper and let it dry. Then beat the Sarcocol very fine, being moisten'd with Womans-milk, and having reduc'd it into a Paste, extend it and expose it to the Air to be there dry'd, then beat it and sierce it through a silk-sive. Beat the Gums apart in a brass mortar hot, and pass the same through a silk-sieve. Pulverize also the Camphire apart, adding never so few drops of Spirit of Wine: then beat the Amylum and prepar'd Ceruse, and having mix'd them with the other Powders, pass the whole through a Silk-Sieve, and having put the Powder into a Marble-Mortar, moisten it with-Rose-water, and having reduc'd it into a solid Paste, make thereof little Trochisks to be dry'd in the shade, and kept for use. But because these Tro∣chisks being dry are almost as hard as a stone; by the conjunction of the caseous part of Womans-milk, and the Sarcocol with the dry Ingredients that make the Powder; It will do better to keep the Powder when it is made, then to form it up into Tro∣chisks; in regard it will easily keep so, and that it is an easie thing afterwards to put Rose-water or Womans-mik to it, when you have occasion to use it.

You may also moisten the Sarcocol with Rose-water; if you prepare the Powder in Winter, for then the Milk will grow sowre and corrupt before the Sarcocol be dry.

The Arabians call these Trochisks by the Name of Sief, and the Latins and French have given them the name of Collyrium, as being chiefly proper for Diseases of the Eyes, of which they qualifie the Inflammations, cleanse the Ulcers, and stop and dry up the deflu∣xions. They are also us'd in Injections for Inflammations and Ulcers of the Ureters and Bladder, particularly in Gonorrheas. For which two sorts of uses the Powder is dis∣solv'd in distill'd waters, or in decoctions or other specific Liquors. The Dose is half a dram, or at most a dram of Trochisks or Powder to four ounces of Liquor: The Dose is also to be vary'd, when you mingle with it Turbith prepar'd, Salt of Saturn, Magnesia Opalina, Aloes, Vitriot, &c. according to the intent of the Physician.

Trochisci Aliptae Moschatae.		Odoriferous Musk Trochisks.
℞. Labdani purissimi,	℥ iij.	℞. Of the purest Ladanum,	℥ iij.
Resinae Storacis,	℥ jss.	Gum-Storax,	℥ jss.
Benjonii,	℥ j.	Benjamin,	℥ j.
Ligni Aloes,	ʒ ij.	Ligni Aloes,	ʒ ij
Moschi Orientalis,	℈ ss.	Oriental-Musk,	℈ ss.

The lignum Aloes must be pounded apart in a great Brass-Mortar, and pass'd through a silk'n sieve. The Ambergriese must be also powder'd apart, mixing with it never so little Oyl of Nutmegs; and the musk, by mixing with it never so little Sugar, can∣dy'd. It may be also ground with the powder of Lignum Aloes. Could you get Lau∣danum very pure, you might melt it in a great hot Brass-Mortar, as well as the puri∣fi'd Rosin of Storax, and the Benjamin if that were in Tears; and then there would be no need of Rose-water or mucilage of Gum Tragacanth, for these melted Gums would easily suffice to bind together the powder of Aloes, Musk and Ambergriese, and which is a Bitumen easie to melt. But the impurities of Ladanum and Benjamin oblige us to beat and sift them through a silk-Sieve, and to make use of some moist or viscous mat∣ter, to unite the whole mass for to make the Trochisks. Prepare the Rosin of Storax as I have directed before; and incorporate it with the other Ingredients pulveriz'd in a marble-mortar, heated before, using therein as much mucilage of Gum-Tragacanth as is necessary to reduce the whole into a gentle Paste, to make the Trochisks which are to be dry'd in the shade.

The name of Alipta Moschata was giv'n to these Trochisks, because of the mixture of odoriferous and musky Drugs in the composition. The Camphire prescrib'd in other Dispensatories is omitted; by reason that its displeasing smell would surmount the scent of all the other Ingredients. However it may be added in the preparation of these Trochisks, when they are for Women that do not love sweet smells.

These Trochisks are very much esteemed for their fragrancy. They are good in the sickness-time against the pestilential air. But they are more frequently us'd to strengthen the brain and the noble parts. They may be carry'd in a small Box with holes, or burnt upon a Coal like a perfume to perfume a Chamber, Linen or Cloaths. They may be also pulveriz'd and mix'd with Rose-water, or Orange-flower water, and pour'd upon a hot Chasing-dish to perfume Bed-chambers or Dining-rooms.

Trochischi Galliae Moschatae.		Trochisks of Gallia Moschata.
℞. Ligni Aloes optimi,	ʒ v.	℞. The best Lignum Aloes,	ʒ v.
Ambrae Griseae,	ʒ iij.	Ambergriese,	ʒ iij.
Oriental. Mosc.	ʒ j.	Oriental Musk,	ʒ j.

With mucilage of Gum-Tragacanth extracted with Rose-water, make up these Tro∣chisks, and drye them in the shade.

The Ambergriese and Musk must be ground upon Porphyry; and the Lignum Aloes finely powder'd. But be careful to moist'n the ends of your Fingers, with never so little Oyl of sweet Almonds, when you make up the Trochisks, to make the Paste stiff, and the Trochisks little, that they may be soon dry, and lose as little as is possi∣ble of their scent and vertue.

These Trochisks are commended by all Authors to strength'n the Brain, the heart, the Stomach, and all the Bowels, to stay vomiting, to facilitate transpiration, and keep the breath sweet. They are to be held in the mouth, and there gently dissolv'd: or else pulveriz'd and put with Rose-water or Orange-flower water upon a Chasing∣dish of dying Embers, to receive the Vapours, or to perfume Chambers, Linen or Cloaths. You may add to the Paste of these Trochisks some small quantity of Wil∣low-Coal powder'd very fine, and form them into Bracelets or Beads, to be dry'd, strung, and worn, or else to be laid among Cloaths.

Trochisci de Karabe.		Trochisks of Carobs.
℞. Karabes,	℥j.	℞. Carobs,	℥ i.
Cornu-cervi usti,		Harts-horn burnt,
Gummi Arabici,		Gum Arabic,
Tragacanthi,		Tragacanth,
Acaciae verae,		True Acacia,
Hypocistidis,		Undergrowth of Cystus,
Balaustiorum,		Pomegranate Flowers,
Mastiches,		Mastich,
Coralli Rubri,		Red Coral,

Gummi Laccae,		Gum-Lac,
Sem. Papav. nigri, an.	℈ viij.	Black Poppy-seed, an.	℈ viij.
Thuris,		Frankincense,
Croci, an.	ʒ ij.	Saffron, an.	ʒ ij.
Extracti Opii,		Extract of Opium,

Bruise the Pomegranate Flowers, the true Acacia, and the Undergrowth of Cystus in a great Brass-Mortar, if they be dry, with the Poppy-seed. Bray the red-Coral up∣on Porphyry, together with the Harts-horn burnt, and the Carobs, moistning them in water of Mouse-ear, Rupture-wort, or some astringent Water. Beat the Gum-Tragacanth in a Brass Mortar heated. Beat the Mastic, the Gum-Lac, the Frankin∣cense and Saffron apart, and sift them through a silk-sieve, as you must do the rest of the Powders. Incorporate the Extract of Opium with about an Ounce of mucilage of Flea-wort, and having mix'd all the Powders therewith, beat them together in a great Mortar, adding as much mucilage as is requisite to reduce the whole into a so∣lid paste, which is to be form'd into little Trochisks, and dry'd in the Sun.

These Trochisks are good against all internal fluxes of blood, and particularly against spitting of blood; for Ulcers in the Lungs, Dysenteries, and Cholicks. They are to be finely powder'd, and given in astringent Waters or Decoctions, at a di∣stance from eating. The Dose is from a Scruple to a dram.

The Harts-horn burnt may pass well enough here, because there is nothing requir'd but the astringent quality which remains in the earthy part after ustion. The ustion of the Coral is altogether to be rejected, as not to be done without altering its good qualities: and the burning of the Poppy-seed is altogether erroneous, as destroying altogether the vertue of the seed.

Trochisci Gordonii.		Trochisks of Gordonius.
℞. Seminum quatuor frig. maj. mund.		℞. Four greater cold Seeds cleans'd,
Papaveris Albi,		White Poppy-seed,
Malvarum,		Seeds of Mallows,
Bombacis,		Cotton-tree,
Portulacae,		Purslain,
Cotoneorum,		Quinces,
Myrthillorum,		Myrtles,
Gummi Arabici,		Gum-Arabic,
Tragacanthi,		Tragacanth,
Nucleorum Pineorum mund.		Pine-Kernels cleans'd,
Pistaceorum,		Pistaches,
Sacchari Crystallini, &		Crystall'd Sugar, and
Penidiati,		Penidiate,
Glycyrrhizae mundat.		Liquorice scrap'd,
Hordei mundat.		Barley cleans'd,
Amygdalarum dulcium,		Sweet Almonds,
Mucilagin. sem. Psyllii, an.	ʒ ij.	Mucilage of the seed of Fleawort, an.	ʒ ij.
Boli Armenae,		Bole Armeniac,
Lachrymarum sang. Draconis,		Tears of Dragons blood,
Rasurae Eboris,		Shavings of Ivory,
Rosarum rubrarum, &		Red Roses, and
Myrrhae electae, an.	℥ ss.	Choice Myrrhe, an.	℥ ss.

Pulverize apart the Bole Armoniac and Dragons-blood in Tears; mingling with them as much of the cold Seeds as the powder will bear. Beat together in a great Brass-Mortar the shavings of Ivory, the Liquorice, the Parsley, the Myrtles, the Myrrhe, the red Roses, the Mallows, Quince, Purslain, Poppey, and Cotton-seeds; you may also mix the Gum-Arabic and Tragacanth together, and as much of the cold Seeds as the powder will bear, and having sifted them through a silk-Sieve, and the Sugar Candy and the powders pulveriz'd, then cut very small the Pine-Kernels, the Pistaches, and the Almonds with a Shoemakers Knife, then beat them in a Marble-Mortar with a wooden-Pestle, till the whole be hardly to be felt. Then mix all the powders, and incorporating them with the cold Seeds, the Almonds, the Pine-Kernels,

and the Pistaches beaten, add of the Muscilage of Flea-wort and Hydromel, as much as will suffice to reduce them into a good Paste; of which when the Trochisks are made, dry them in the Sun. But in regard these Trochisks are not to be kept, by reason of the unctuous Seeds and Fruits that compound them, and are onely to be made when occasion requires; therefore the best way is not to make them into Tro∣chisks, but to administer the moist Mass, when it is fully prepar'd.

Gordonius the Author of these Trochisks extols them for the cure of Ulcers in the Reins; and for those that piss Blood, as also for the Diabetes, the Strangury, Go∣norrheas and Ulcers of the Bladder and Ureters. The Dose is from one Dram to two mix'd in Hydromel, in Milk, or in some proper distill'd-water, or Decoction. It is also used for Injections into the natural parts of men or women, mix'd in the same manner. These Trochisks are also proper for the most part of Diseases of the Breast, as well to stay Defluxions, as to qualifie their Acrimony.

Trochisci de Rhabarbaro.		Trochisks of Rhubarb.
℞. Rhabarbari optimi,	ʒ x.	℞. The best Rhubarb,	ʒ x.
Amygdalarum amararum excorticata∣rum,	℥ ss.	Bitter Almonds peel'd,	℥ ss.
Rosarum rubrarum exungulatarum,	ʒ iij.	Red Roses cleans'd,	ʒ iij.
Radicis Rubiae Tinctorum,		Root of Dyers-Madder,
Spicae Nardi,		Spikenard,
Absinthii Majoris,		The bigger Wormwood,
Asari,		Asarabacca,
Seminis Apii, &		Seeds of Parsley, and
Anisi, an.	ʒ j.	Anise, an.	ʒ j.

Take off the skins of the Almonds with the point of a Knife, beat them in a large Brass-Mortar with the Rhubarb, Madder, Asarabacca, Spikenard, Wormwood, Ro∣ses, Parsley, and Aniseeds, and sift the Powders through a Silk-sieve, and mingle them afterwards with Juice of Eupatorium or Agrimony depurated and reduc'd to the Consistence of Honey, beating the whole for some time together, to unite the Ingredients the better, and bring them into a kind of a solid Paste, and make it into little Trochisks; which must be dry'd in the shade, and so kept for use.

These Trochisks are us'd at the end of long sicknesses, especially the Jaundise, Dropsies, and Cachexies. It serves also for the cure of those that are troubl'd with Pains, Swellings, and Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Mesentery. They are given in Powder in white-Wine, or in some other proper Liquor, from a Scruple to a Dram. They may be also mix'd in Tablets, Opiates, and Potions.

Trochisci de Capparibus.		Trochisks of Capers.
℞. Corticis Radicum Capparum, &		℞. Of the Rind of Caper-Roots, and
Seminis Agni Casti, an.	ʒ vj.	Seed of the Chaste Tree, an.	ʒ vj.
Gummi Ammoniaci,	ʒ iiij.	Gum-Ammoniac,	ʒ iiij.
Amygdalarum amararum mundatarum,		Bitter Almonds peel'd,
Seminis Nigella,		Seed of Fennel Flower,
Nasturtii,		Cresses,
Summitatum Calamintha,		Tops of Calamint,
Radicum Acori veri,		Roots of true Acorus,
Aristolochiae Rotundae,		Round Birthwort,
Cyperi,		Cyperus,
Foliorum Ruta, &		Leaves of Rue, and
Scolopendrii siccorum, an.	ʒ ij.	Spleenwort dry'd, an.	ʒ ij.
Succi Eupatorii ad mellaginem inspis∣sati, q. s.		Juice of Agrimony, q. s.

Having press'd out and depurated the juice of Agrimony, boil it over a soft fire to the consistence of Honey. Then beat together in a great Brass-Mortar the Caper-Roots, the true Acorus, the Cyperus, the Birth-wort, the Seeds, the bitter Almonds, the Ca∣lamint, Rue and Spleen-wort, according to the method of Trituration, and sift them through a Silk-sieve. Then heat the Brass-Mortar and Pestle; and having melted the Gum-Armoniac, and mix'd it with some part of the juice of Agrimony, incorporate the Powders with it by degrees, adding as much juice of Spleen-wort as is necessary to make a paste solid enough to make up the Trochisks, which are to be dry'd in the shade and kept for use.

The Trochisks are proper to cut and attenuate thick and tartarous humours, and to open the obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, Pancreas, and Mesentery, as also to soften their hardnesses, and those of all the lower part of the belly; and to dissipate the flatuosities of the Hypochondrium and Intestines. They are to be given in powder mix'd in convenient Liquors, or among other Medicins like Opiates or otherwise. Their Dose is from a Scruple to one Dram.

Trochisci de Myrrha.		Trochisks of Myrrh.
℞. Myrrhae Electae,		℞. Choice Myrrh.
Lupinorum Excorticatorum, an.	ʒ v.	Lupin's shal'd, an.	ʒ v.
Foliorum Rutae siccorum,		Leaves of drye Rue,
Dictamni Cretici,		Cretan Dittany,
Mentastri,		Wild Mints,
Pulegii Regalis,		Penny-Royal,
Seminis Cumini,		Cumin-Seed,
Radicis Rubiae Tinctorum,		Root of Madder,
Assae Fetidae,		Assa-Fetida,
Sagapeni,		Sagapene,
Opoponacis, an.	ʒ ij.	Opoponax, an.	ʒ ij.

Beat all together the Lupines cleans'd from their Hulls, the Madder-Roots, the Leaves of Rue, wild-Mint, Penny-Royal, Dittany, Cumin-Seed, and Myrrh. Chuse out the purest drops of Assa Fetida, Sagapene, and Opoponax, and melt them by degrees in a brazen-Mortar heated, mixing therewith about an Ounce of the juice of Mugwort, wherein the powders are to be incorporated, so that the whole may be reduced into a paste, fit to be made up in Trochisks; which must be dry'd in the shade and kept for use.

These Trochisks are highly recommended against the Retention of the Menstruums. For they subtilize the blood, and hinder the coagulation. They also cut thick and vi∣scous matters that cause Obstructions, and by that means they open the passages of the Matrix. They bring away the After-birth and dead Child. They are to be pow∣der'd and given in a Decoction of the Berries of Juniper, or some other Hysterical Plant. Their Dose is from one Scruple to a Dram. They may be also powder'd and incorporated with Oyl of Petroleum or Amber, and ty'd in a knot to be held to the Nose against Hysteric Vapours.

Trochisci Diarrhodon.		Trochisks of Roses.
℞. Rosarum rubrarum recentium exungula∣tarum,	℥ j.	℞. New Red-Roses cleans'd from their bottoms,	℥ j.
Rasurae Eboris,		Shavings of Ivory,
Santali Citrini, &		Saunders Yellow, and
Rubri, &		Red, and
Radicis Liquoritiae mundat. an.	ʒ iij.	Root of Liquorice cleans'd, an.	ʒ iij.
Mastiches electae,	ʒ ij.	Chosen Mastich,	ʒ ij.
Croci,	ʒ j.	Crocus,	ʒ j.
Camphorae,	gr. xij.	Camphire,	gr. xij.
Aquae Rosarum, q. s.		Rose-water, q. s.

This Receipt is not inferiour to any that are to be met with in any Dispensatories, though the difference be great, as well in reference to the ingredients, as the quan∣tities: Beat together in a great Brass-Mortar the shavings of Yvory, Sanders, and Li∣quorice, and sift them through a Silk-sieve: Triturate the Mastick and the Saffron seve∣rally apart, as also the Camphire, observing what I have formerly directed. Chuse out the large buds of fresh Red-roses, and having cut off the ungulous part or bot∣toms with a pair of Scissars, beat them in a Marble-Mortar with a Wood'n-pestle, till they are almost impalpable; then mixing the Powders therewith, beat the whole for some time, adding as much Rose-water as is necessary, to make the Mass solid enough for the forming of little Trochisks to be dry'd in the Sun.

These Trochisks strength'n the Stomach very much, as also the Liver and Bowels: They dissipate the pains and old maladies thereof, and are giv'n with success in Dy∣senteries and Cholical Passions. Their dose and manner of taking are very little diffe∣rent from those of the Trochisks preceding.

Trochisci de Camphora.		Trochisks of Camphire.
℞. Rosarum Rubrarum mundatarum, &		℞. Red-Roses cleans'd, and
Mannae Calabrinae, an.	℥ ss.	Calabrian-Manna, an.	℥ ss.
Santali Citrini,		Yellow-Saunders,
Liquoritiae mundatae,		Liquorice cleans'd,
Rasurae Eboris, an.	ʒ iij.	Shavings of Yvory, an.	ʒ iij.
Semin. quat. frig. maj. mundatorum,		The four greater cold seeds cleans'd,
Gummi Arabici,		Gum-Arabic,
Tragacanthi,		Tragacanth,
Nardi Indicae,		Indian-Spikenard,
Ligni Aloes,		Lignum Aloes,
Croci, an.	ʒ j.	Saffron, an.	ʒ j.
Camphorae,	℈ ij.	Camphire,	℈ ij.

Beat together in a great Marble-Mortar the Yellow-Saunders, Lignum-Aloes, Liquo∣rice, shavings of Yvory, the Spikenard, the Red-Roses and Spikenard, and sift them through a Silk-sieve. Beat apart the Manna and Camphire, adding at last never so small a drop of Spirit of Wine. Make choice of Manna in Tears; and having beat it in a Marble-Mortar with a Wood'n-pestle, add thereto about an ounce of Muscilage of Flea-wort; and mixing the Powder therewith by degrees, and what is wanting of the Muscilage, beat the whole to a solid Paste, fit to make little Trochisks, and dry them in the shade.

These Trochisks are prescrib'd in Burning-Fevers, to quiet the boiling of the blood and choler, to moderate the heat of the stomach and liver, and to quench inordinate thirst. They are prevalent also against the Jaundice, Ptisic, and Hectic-Fevers. Their dose and manner of taking is the same with the former: They are also put into Hy∣steric Glysters, from one to two drams, pulveriz'd and mingl'd with proper De∣coctions.

Trochisci Hedychroi.		Trochisks of Sweet Perfumes.
℞. Mari,		℞. Herb Mastich,
Amaraci,		Sweet Marjoram,
Aspalathi,		Thorn-Bush,
Asari, an.	℥ ss.	Assarabacca, an.	℥ ss.
Shoenanthi,		Camels Hay,
Calami Aromatici,		Aromatic Reed,
Costi,		Costus,
Xylo-Balsami,		Xylo-Balsamum,
Opobalsami,		Opobalsamum,
Cinnamomi, an.	ʒ vj.	Cinnamon, an.	ʒ vj.
Myrrha,		Myrrh,
Folii Indi,		Indian-leaf,
Nardi Indicae,		Indian-Spikenard,

Croci,		Croci,
Cassia Ligneae, an.	℥ j ss.	Cassia-wood, an.	℥ j ss.
Amomi,	℥ iij.	Amomum,	℥ iij.
Mastiches electae,	ʒ ij.	Choice Mastich,	ʒ ij.

Having well chosen and cleans'd all these Ingredients, beat them together in a Brass-Mortar; and having sifted the Powder through a Silk-sieve, incorporate them with good Malmsey, till the Past is become solid enough to make little Trochisks, which are to be dry'd in the shade.

Marum, or Herb Mastich, grows in certain Islands near Toulon in Provence, and is planted also in Gardens. This Plant is very much about the bigness of Thyme, which it resembles, having several little round branches, somewhat woody, cover'd with a kind of Hoary Down, toward the top especially: The leaves are green, somewhat inclining to white, very small, and pointed like the Head of a Pike: The tops are tusted like those of Lavender, full of little Purple-flowers very odoriferous: The tast of it is sharp and biting, and leaves a bitterness in the mouth: The flowry tops are only made use of in these Trochisks.

Aspalathus is the wood of a Thorn-tree, or Bush, ponderous, massive, and unctuous; somewhat sharp and bitter to the tast, of a purplish colour, and somewhat spotted; in vertues, tast, smell, and figure, much resembling Lignum-Aloes, but that Lignum Aloes is of a browner and duller colour: And indeed, when Aspalathus is not to be had, Lignum Aloes may be very well us'd in its stead. The newest Calamus Aromaticus is the best, in regard it is subject to rot if it be long kept.

These Trochisks are good to expel Venom, and for the cure of all those Diseases for which the Ancient Treacle is prescrib'd: They are to be taken and dos'd like other Theriacal Trochisks.

Trochisci Cypheos.		Trochisks of Cyphi.
℞. Pulpae Ʋvarum Damascenarum,		℞. Pulp of the fairest and largest Rai∣sins,
Terebinthinae Chiae, an.	℥ j.	Chio-Turpentine, an.	℥ j.
Myrrhae electae,		Choice Myrrh,
Schoenanthi, an.	℥ ss.	Camels Hay, an.	℥ ss.
Cinnamomi,	℈ iiij.	Cinnamon,	℈ iiij.
Calami Aromatici,		Calamus Aromaticus,
Bdellii,		Bdellium,
Spicae Nardi,		Spikenard.
Cassiae Ligneae,		Cassia-wood,
Cyperi,		Cyperus,
Granorum Juniperi, an.	ʒ j.	Juniper-Berries, an.	ʒ j.
Aspalathi,	gr. 54.	Aspalathus,	gr. 54.
Mellis optimi Malvatico diluti tantillum.		Of the best Honey mix'd with Malm∣sey, never so little.

Reduce into very fine Powder, in a Brass-Mortar, the Myrrh and Bdellium among the Camels Hay, the Cinnamon, Acorus Verus, Spikenard, Cassia-wood, Cyperus, Juniper-berries, and Aspalathus, as also the Saffron, if you cannot beat it apart; and having separated the skins and the stones of the Raisins from the Pulp, pass it through a Hair-sieve revers'd, without any addition of Wine, or any other moisture. The Tur∣pentine being of a consistence solid enough, needs not to be dry'd over the fire; but rather that way is to be avoided, for fear of dissipating its best parts, which are its spi∣ritous and Aethereal Oyl: Nor will there be any need of Honey or Oyl, since the Tur∣pentine, and the Pulp of Raisins, will be sufficient to mix the Powders, if rightly or∣der'd; and the Trochisks will be the better, and drier.

The vertues of these Trochisks are very like to those of Mithridate: And their dose is from one scruple to one dram, in some proper Liquor.

Trochisci Scillicitei.		Trochisks of Squills.
℞. Scillae pane prius involutae & in clibano coctae,	lb j.	℞. Of Squills first wrapt in Dough, and bak'd in an Oven,	lb j.
Radicis Dictamni Albi subtiliter pulve∣rati,	℥ viij.	Root of white Dittany finely powder'd,	℥ viij.

Chuse out well-grown, firm, weighty Squills, of a moderate bigness, tak'n out of the Earth when the leaves are past, and wrapping them up in a piece of Paste made of Wheat-dough, about a finger thick, put them into a Bakers Oven among the Houshold-bread, and leave them there till the Bread be bak'd; then draw them, and when they are cold, take them out of the Paste, and peel off the red skins, which will be almost dry; and only reserving the thin slices, throw away the Core, and the Root: Then weigh out the quantity of the slices prescrib'd, and beat them in a Mar∣ble-Mortar with a Wooden-pestle, mixing by degrees the Powder of the Root of Dit∣tany sifted through a Silk-sieve; and having beaten the whole together, and reduc'd it into a Mass, fit your Trochisks, make them up, and dry them in the open Air.

Wonder not that the Chiches which the Ancients made use of in these Trochisks are omitted, in regard they have not any good qualities to second the vertue of the Squills, nor of any ingredients in the Treacle, for which these Trochisks are princi∣pally prepar'd: But the Dittany is well prescrib'd in the room of them, as being not only fit to give a body to the Squills, but also to impart its cordial and Alexi∣pharmacal vertue to the Trochisks, and consequently to the Treacle.

Nor can I hold with Swelfer who prescribes the Juice or Pulp of Squills in the Treacle, instead of the Trochisks. For it is not to be thought that the baking of the Squills wrapt up in Dough, can cause any dissipation of their vertue; in regard it is apparent, that they abound in superfluous moisture, which it is very convenient to a∣bate, and that the baking is as it were a maturation of its parts, by which their A∣crimony is manifestly carry'd off.

Whereas he says, it is a difficult thing to make Trochisks of eight ounces of Dit∣tany, and twelve of Squills, by reason of their superfluous moisture; I can affirm, that I have several times experimented the contrary, and that they may be easily dry'd in the Air, without the help of Fire or Sun's heat.

As to the diminution of the substance of the Squills in drying, I confess with him, that it is great enough, but not so much as he would make us believe; for out of the twelve ounces of Squills, and eight of Dittany, there remains ten of Trochisks well dri'd: Nor is the vertue lost, but concenter'd with that of the white Dittany. The white Squills are the best, if they can be had.

The use of the Trochisks is in Treacle; their vertue is Alexipharmacal, to which the Root of Dittany contributes very much; but their chiefest vertue is to cut and attenuate viscous and tenacious humours: For which reason they are prescrib'd with success against Apoplexies, Epilepsies, and Diseases proceeding from abundance of Flegm: They may be taken like other Trochisks.

Trochisci Viperini.	Trochisks of Vipers.
℞. Truncorum hepatum, & Cordum Viperi∣norum in aere libero extra solis Radios sic∣catorum quantum libuerit.	℞. Of the Trunks, Livers, and Hearts of Vipers dry'd in the op'n Air out of the Sun, as much as you think fit.

To prepare these Trochisks right, if the Winter have been mild, take up your Vi∣pers at the end of April, or beginning of May, never minding the Sex; for the Males are as good as the Females, whatever the Ancients or Moderns have written, since they are most extraordinarily active, vigorous, and fleshy; and in some respect they may be preferr'd before the Female which are full of Eggs, that suck and emacerate them. They alledge frequency of Coition, which is not to be heeded, as proceeding from an abundance of Spirits, and is a mark of the vigour and good Constitution of the Creature. Casting therefore away the drooping Vipers, and such whose Eggs are grown big, chuse out those that stir most, and are most vigorous; and without

whipping or provoking them, cut off their heads close to their necks and their tails, close to the place where their Excrement comes out: Strip off their skins; and having tak'n out all their Entrails, except the Heart and Liver, dry them in the Air; and when they are dry, after you have cut them very small, beat them in a great Brazen-Mortar, and fift the Powder through a Silk-sieve. In the mean while, put a little Gum-Arabic powder'd into a large three ounces of excellent Malmsey, of which take a sufficient quantity to incorporate the Powder of Vipers; and then beating the whole together in a Marble-Mortar with a Wooden-pestle, reduce it to a uniform and solid Paste, fit to make Trochisks; upon which you may set your Seal, and then dry them in the shade, anoynting them afterwards with Balsom of Peru, to give them a pleasant scent.

The Trochisks thus prepar'd, may be kept much longer then the Powder, because that the dissolution of Gum-Arabic in Malmsey, renders the Trochisks compact, clo∣ses the Pores, and hinders the penetration of the Air, to which the Balsom contri∣butes not a little.

These Trochisks are very prevalent against Poysons, particularly against the biting of Serpents, and all sorts of venomous Animals: They are often prescrib'd in malig∣nant Fevers, and Epidemic diseases, and all such as proceed from the corruption of the blood: They are particularly prescrib'd for the Composition of Treacle, to which they serve for a Foundation, though the Vipers dry'd, with their Hearts and Livers may very well suffice, without the trouble of making Trochisks. Their dose is from half a scruple to half a dram, though you may give a dram to persons of a strong Constitu∣tion. They are tak'n in Wine, or in Cordial Waters, or Decoctions, or else mingl'd in Potions, Opiates, or other Remedies.

CHAP. XXII. Of Pills.

PIlls are so call'd from their round figure, like to that of little Balls. They are also call'd Catapotia, because they are usually swallow'd whole. They were invented to comply with those that could not swallow dissolv'd Medicines, or were only for a small dose; as also to be provided of a Remedy, that by staying long in the Stomach, might have time to draw off the bad humours from the remote parts. Pills are also made for several uses; some to purge, some to fortifie the Brain, Stomach, or some other part; sometimes for diseases of the Breast; sometimes they are compos'd of pain-asswa∣ging, and sleep-procuring Medicines; sometimes of Hysterics, Openers, and Anti∣nephriticks. Laxative Pills have usually Aloes for their Basis: As for Coloquinth, Scammony, Agaric, Turbith, Hermodactiles, Senna, Rhubarb, and other Laxatives, they are variously prescrib'd; as also several Gums and Spices, according to the pru∣dence and intent of the Physitian. Anodynes, and sleep-procurers, have generally Opium for their Foundation, which is many times attended with ingredients that tend to the same end, but always of Aromatics proper to fortifie the Noble parts during the operation of the Pills. Aloes is also the Foundation of fortifying Pills.

The bitter and ill tast of Pills, and their unpleasing smell, forces us to cover them with Gold or Silver, to wrap them up in Sugar, or in Wafers, or in some sweet-Meat. They may be also made bigger or lesser, in compliance with the Pa∣tients desire.

There are several ways to make Pills, according to the variety and nature of the Ingredients that compose them. Hard and dry Ingredients are to be finely powder'd; fat Gums are to be dissolv'd and melted; Juices are to be depurated and thick'nd. The Mass is also ••••riously made up; for sometimes you must incorporate the Medicaments pulveriz'd in a great heated Mortar, by beating them together without any addition of Liquor; and sometimes you must make use of Syrups, Honeys, Juices, or any other Liquor. The mass of all sorts of Pills ought to be beaten a good while in a great Brass-Mortar, to the end the Union of the Ingredients may be the better made: For which reason some have deriv'd the name of Pill from Pila, a Mortar, as if it were never to be beaten enough. Yet there are Pills prepar'd of Extracts that have no oc∣casion to be beaten at all.

The Mass of Pills must not be so solid as that of Trochisks: For it ought to be of such a consistence that you may roll up the Pill with your Fingers, being anointed be∣fore with some Oyl to keep the Pills from sticking to them. All which things may be better understood by the particular Preparation of the Masses of Pills which follow.

Pilulae de Hiera simplices.		Simple Hiera-Pills.
℞. Cinnamomi electi,		℞. Choice Cinnamon,
Santali Citrini,		Yellow Saunders,
Asari,		Asarabacca,
Spicae Nardi,		Spikenard,
Croci,		Saffron,
Mastiches, an.	ʒ iij.	Mastich, an.	ʒ iij.
Aloes succotrinae elect.	ʒ L.	Aoes succotrine,	ʒ L.

Beat in a great Brass-Mortar the Saunders, Spikenard cleans'd and cut, the Asara∣bacca and Cinnamon. Triturate the Mastich apart, mixing therewith never so small a drop of water. Beat the Saffron also apart, being dryed before: unless you think it better to triturate it in a small Brass-Mortar heated, where it will dry at the same time. Make choice of the purest Aloes succotrine, of a good scent, shining, transpa∣rent and of a purplish colour; and mixing with it some few drops of Oyl of sweet-Almonds, beat it to powder in a large Brass-mortar heated, and sift it through a Silk-sieve, as you must all the rest of the powders, which must be well mix'd toge∣ther; and having put them into a large Brass-mortar heated, incorporate them with as much Mel Rosatum as is requisite to reduce the whole into a mass indifferently solid; which must be beaten in a Brass-mortar heated for a good while, till you perceive that all the Medicaments are exactly mix'd. After which having taken the mass out of the Mortar, make it into a kind of a round Loaf, a little high, and lay it two or three days in the air; then wrapping it up in a Skin a little oyl'd, keep the mass for use. When you have occasion for it, make the Pills of what bigness you please, as the Pa∣tient desires; anointing your Fingers with Oyl of sweet-Almonds, when you roll up the Pills. Then roll them up in Leaf-gold or Silver, in powder, Wafers or other∣wise.

These Pills purge gently choleric and flegmatic humours of the Stomach and Inte∣stines. They keep the Belly open, and help the retention of the Menstruums. Their Dose is from a Scruple to half a Dram: though you may give a Dram at a time, and more, if you desire they should work more strongly. But because they ought to work slow and moderately, and are to be repeated more then once, the best way is to take the lesser Dose. They are taken just before meals, and are therefore call'd the Gor∣mandizing Pills. You may also take them rising, or going to Bed, or at any hour.

Pilulae de Hiera cum Agarico.		Hiera Pills with Agaric.
℞. Specierum Hierae simplicis jam prae∣scriptae,	℥ j ss.	℞. The Powders of simple Hiera already prescrib'd,	℥ j ss.
Agaric. Trochiscati,	℥ ss.	Agaric Trochiscated,	℥ ss.

When you have prepar'd the Powder appointed for the last Pills, it is but mixing half an Ounce of Trochisks of Agaric with an Ounce and an half of the same Pow∣der, observing the same Preparation.

These Pills work more strongly then the simple Pills, as well in cutting the Humours, as in drawing from the remote parts. For while they cut and loosen the thick Flegm from the Stomach, they also draw the same from the Head, and carry it down∣ward. You may take these Pills like the former just before Meals in a small Dose. But it is better to augment the Dose from one Dram to four Scruples, and take them rising or going to Bed a good while after Supper, when there is a necessity of an entire Purgation.

Pilulae de Agarico.		Agaric Pills.
℞. Agarici Albissimi,		℞. Of the whitest Agaric,
Turbith Electi,		Choice Turbith,
Specierum Hierae Simplicis, an.	℥ ss.	Powders of Simple Hiera, an.	℥ ss.
Trochiscorum Alhandal,		Trochisks of Alhandal,
Sarcocollae, an.	ʒ ij.	Sarcocoll, an.	ʒ ij.
Radicis Ireos,		Orrice-Root,
Foliorum Prassii Albi,		Leaves of white Hore-hound,
Myrrha Electae, an.	ʒ j.	Choice Myrrh, an.	ʒ j.

Chuse out your Agaric very clean, white, light, and brittle; new Turbith, cleans'd from its Heart, and white within; beat them together in a large Brass-Mortar, some∣what heated, with the Orrice-Root, the Trochisks of Alhandal, the Myrrh, the Sar∣cocol, the white Hore-hound, never minding the fatness of the Gums; for without that be, they cannot hinder the waste of the Powder. Sift the Powder through a Silk∣sieve; then mixing with it the Hiera-powder, make it into a solid mass with Burnt∣wine, and then beat the mass till the mixture be exactly made.

The Mass of these Pills must be somewhat softer then that of the Hiera, especially if you intend to keep it long; because the most subtle parts of the Burnt-wine being subject to dissipate, the Mass will become dry in a small time; which if not foreseen, you must be forc'd to beat the Mass again, and moisten it with more Burnt-wine: wrap it up in an oyl'd-piece of Leather, like the former.

These Pills purge very strongly thick Flegm out of the Stomach, and the lower part of the Belly; as also from the Brain: They disburthen the Lungs, and give ease to the Asthmatic, and those that are troubled with old Coughs, through toughness of Flegm. The dose is from a scruple to a dram, as also to four scruples, for them that are of a strong Constitution. They are to be taken after the first sleep, or early in the morning.

Pilulae Aggregativae sive Polychrestae.		Aggregative, or Polychrest Pills.
℞. Aloes Succotrinae		℞. Aloes Succotrin,
Turbith Electae,		Choice Turbith,
Diagrydii, an.	ʒ vj.	Diagrydion, an.	ʒ vj.
Rhabarb. Elect.		Choice Rhubarb,
Myrobalanorum Citrinorum, an.	℥ ss.	Yellow Mirobalans,	℥ ss.
Trochiscorum Alhandal,		Trochisks of Alhandal,
Agarici Albissimi,		Whitest Agaric,
Polypodii,		Polypody,
Myrobalanorum Chebulorum, Indorum, an.	ʒ ij.	Mirobalans Chebulae, Indian, an.	ʒ ij.
Rosarum rubrarum mundat.		Red-roses cleans'd,
Mastiches,		Mastich,
Epithymi,		Epithyme,
Zinziberis,		Ginger,
Salis Gemmei, &		Sal-Gemmae,
Seminis Anisi, an.	ʒ j.	Anniseed, an.	ʒ j.
Succorum Eupatorii & absinthii ad mella∣ginem inspissatorum, an.	℥ ss.	Juices of Agrimony and Wormwood, thick'nd to the substance of Honey, an.	℥ ss.

These Pills are call'd Aggregative, or Polychrest, because they congregate and purge several bad humours together, drawing them from all parts of the body.

Pulverize together in a great Brass-Mortar the Turbith, Rhubarb, Polypody, Miro∣balans, Trochisks, Ginger, Roses, Agaric, Epithyme, Anise, and Sal-Gemmae, and sift them through a Silk-sieve: Pulverize the Diagrydion apart, mixing with it some few drops of Oyl of Sweet-Almonds. Pulverize also the Mastich apart, mixing with it never so small a drop of water. Press forth the Juices of Agrimony and Wormwood,

clarifie them and thick'n them to the consistence of melted Honey, or of a soft Ele∣ctuary. Beat the Aloes apart also, and having mix'd all the Powders very exactly to∣gether, make them up into a Mass with the thickn'd Juices, and Syrup of pale Roses, beating all together in a large Marble-Mortar, till the Ingredients are perfectly mix'd.

I am not of their opinion that would have the Juices of Wormwood and Agri∣mony dry'd, till fit to be powder'd, and so sifted among the other Powders. For be∣sides that they may be exactly mix'd according to my method, I see no reason to dry them so; since it cannot be done without a considerable waste of their vertue. Con∣sidering also that having consumed all the moisture of those Juices, you must not only be constrain'd to make use of some alien moisture to give the Mass its due Con∣sistence, but also put that whose moisture is consum'd to no purpose into the Com∣position. For you must multiply the Dose of the Syrup of Roses, of which the les∣ser quantity is always to be preferr'd before the greater, unless you intend by aug∣menting the quantity and weight of the Mass, that we should proportionably in∣crease the Dose of the Pills. Nor is it to be wondred at, that instead of two Drams of each of those Juices we have set down half an Ounce, having a regard to the moi∣sture that remains in them, after they are only boil'd to the Consistence of Honey.

These Pills purge universally all the ill humours of the body. They are prescrib'd for the Cure of Diseases of the Head, Stomach, Liver, and all the Bowels, the Ob∣structions whereof they open, and cary off all the ill humours. They are prescrib'd also in long and complicated Agues, and in several obstinate Diseases. Their Dose and manner of taking is the same with Agaric-Pills. They are also to be kept in an oyl'd Skin.

Pilulae de Ammoniaco Quercetani.		Ammoniac Pills of Quercetan.
℞. Extracti Aloes Succotrinae cum succo Ro∣sarum parati,	℥ iiij.	℞. Extract of Aloes Succotrine prepar'd with Juice of Roses,	℥ iiij.
Gummi Ammoniaci purissimi,	ʒ vj.	The purest Gum-Ammoniac,	ʒ vj.
Myrrhae elect.	℥ ss.	Choice Myrrh,	℥ ss.
Pulveris Diatrion Santalon,		Powder of the three Saunders,
Mastiches elect. an.	ʒ j ss.	Mastich chosen, an.	ʒ j ss.
Croci,		Saffron,
Salis Fraxini,		Salt of Ash,
Absinthii, an.	℈ ij.	Wormwood, an.	℈ ij.

Reduce into very fine powder apart the Myrrh, the Mastich, and the Saffron. After which having moderately heated a large Brass-Mortar and Pestle, melt therein the Gum-Ammoniac, and having soften'd it with never so little Vinegar of Squills, add thereto the Extract of Aloes prepar'd, as directed in the Third Part of this Phar∣macopoea among the Extracts. Then add the Salts of Wormwood and Ash, the Myrrh, the Mastich, and the Saffron pulveriz'd, and mix'd with the Powder of Saun∣ders, and as much of the pale Roses as is necessary. And to make the mixture more exact, beat the whole Mass in the same Mortar, till the Mass be rather a little too soft then too hard, as being apt to dry if kept too long.

These Pills are highly commended for the purging of ill humours from all parts of the body. They are administred with good success in Obstructions of the Liver, the Spleen and Mesentery, and long Agues that proceed from thence. They are effectu∣al in Cachexies, and particularly to carry off the impurities of the Matrix, and to give the retain'd Menstruums the ordinary course. Their Dose is from one Scruple to two: And sometimes to a Dram for strong Constitutions. They are to be taken in a morning fasting, and may be re-taken and continu'd as occasion requires.

Pilulae Cochicae.		Cochiae Pills.
℞. Specierum Hierae simplicis,		℞. Powders of simple Hiera,
Turbith electi,		Choice Turbith,
Trochiscorum Alhandal,		Alhandal Trochisks,

Diagrydii, an.	℥ ss.	Diagrydion, an.	℥ ss.
Olei Stillutitii Stoechados, vel		Distill'd Oyl of Cassidony, or
Lavendulae,	℈ j.	Lavender,	℈ j.

Make up the Mass with Juice of Wormwood, thick'nd to the Consistence of Honey.

There are several Receipts of these Pills under the Names of Great and Lesser, which differ very much as to the Ingredients and Doses. Cassidony is prescrib'd in some, omitted in others, as also the Turbith. The Powder of Hiera is sometimes in a lesser, sometimes a greater Dose. But the distill'd Oyls of Cassidony or Laven∣der are quite left out, while they only use Syrup of Cassidony or Wormwood to incorporate all the rest. But we thought that the distill'd Oyls of Stoechas, or Worm∣wood would afford more vertue then the five Drams of dry Stoechas, serving to no other end then to swell up the Mass of the Pills. We thought also that it was to no purpose to vary the Doses of the dry Medicaments, of which these Pills are com∣pos'd, in regard they all tend to one end, and help to assist one another. We have also chosen the liquid Extract of the Wormwood before the Syrup, the better to fortifie the Stomach and Liver, during the Operation of the Pills, and more proper to make them keep.

These Pills purge very powerfully all ill humours. And they deserve to be us'd as well for the easiness of their Preparation, as for the good Effects which may be expected from them, by cleansing the Head, Stomach, and all the Bowels from their superfluities: And they are to be taken in the morning fasting, or after the first sleep.

Pilulae de Cynoglosso.		Pills of Hounds-tongue.
℞. Myrrhae electa,	ʒ vj.	℞. Choice Myrrh,	ʒ vj.
Olibani,	ʒ v.	Olibanum,	ʒ v.
Radicis Cynoglossi siccae,		Root of Hounds-tongue,
Seminis Hyoscyami Albi,		Seed of white Henbane,
Extracti Opii, an.	℥ ss.	Extract of Opium, an.	℥ ss.
Croci,		Saffron,
Castorei,		Castor,
Resinae Styracis, an.	ʒ j ss.	Rosin of Storax, an.	ʒ j ss.

Gather the Root of Hounds-tongue in the Spring-time, when it begins to put forth its Leaves, and having cleans'd and dry'd it, powder it very finely with pure Castor and the Henbane-seed; beat the Saffron apart, as also the Myrrh and the Olibanum; and having prepar'd the Extract of Opium somewhat soft, heat a large Brass-Mortar with a Pestle, and melt the Rosin of Storax therein; and having incorporated the Extract of Opium with it, add the Powders thereto, mixing as much Syrup of Cassidony, as will serve to reduce the whole into a Mass somewhat soft, which must be beaten a good while in the Mortar, to make the Mixture perfect. Then put up the Mass in an oyl'd Skin.

Criticks make Objection against this Preparation, because of the Seeds of Hen∣bane. I confess the whole Plant of Henbane is accounted very Narcotic, and that of all the sorts they never use in Physick any but that which bears the white Seed. I know likewise that the Roots of Henbane eaten, deprive men for a time of their sense and reason: But besides that the Seed is that part of the Plant which operates most gently, and for that the use of it is very frequent in Perfumes to be held in the Mouth for the Tooth-ach, the quantity here prescrib'd is so small, and so well cor∣rected, that there is no fear of any ill Effect.

These Pills are very much commended for stopping the Defluxions from the Brain upon the Breast and lower parts, as also upon the Eyes and Teeth. They ease the pains thereof, procure sleep, and carry off the Acrimony of the Humours that interrupt it. They are to be taken at a distance from eating-time, and at any hour as occasion serves. The ordinary Dose is from two Grains to ten. You may also dissolve a Scruple or half a Dram in Glysters to give ease in Dysenteries, or violent Cho∣licks.

Pilulae Foetidae.		The Stinking Pills.
℞. Sagapeni,		℞. Sagapen,
Ammoniaci,		Ammoniac,
Opoponacis,		Opoponax,
Bdellii,		Bdellium,
Trochiscorum Alhandal,		Alhandal-Trochisks,
Seminis Rutae,		Rue-Seed,
Aloes Succotrinae,		Aloes Succotrine,
Epithymi, an.	ʒ v.	Epithyme, an.	ʒ v.
Turbith electi,	℥ ss.	Turbith elect,	℥ ss.
Diagridii,		Diagrydion,
Radicis Esulae aceto praeparat.		Spurge-Root prepar'd with Vinegar,
Hermodactylorum, an.	ʒ ij.	Hermodactyles, an.	ʒ j.
Zinziberis,	ʒ j ss.	Ginger,
Cinamomi,		Cinamon,
Spicae Nardi,		Spikenard,
Castorei, an.	ʒ j.	Castoreum, an.	ʒ j.

Cleanse and wash the Spurge-Root, and having sprinkl'd it slightly with Vinegar, dry it, then beat it in a great Brass-Mortar among the Turbith, the Hermodactyles, the Ginger, the Cinamon, the Spikenard, the Castor and the Trochisks, to which you may add the Bdellium, and some small part of the Gums which are to be in tears. Beat the Saffron apart as also the Diagrydion and Aloes as before directed. Then draw forth and depurate about four ounces of the Juice of Leeks, and having mingl'd them with their weight in Honey, boyl them together to the consistency of a soft Electuary and take off the Scum. Then heat the great Brass-Mortar and Pestle, and having melted the Gums which were not put into the Powder, and incorporated the weight of Honey pre∣par'd, add the Powders by degrees, and as much Honey as is necessary to reduce the whole Mass to an indifferent consistence; and beat it a good while in the Mortar.

Euphorbium is known to be so violent and mischievous in its operation that no man can wonder I should leave it out in these Pills, though I find it in all the Receits of the fe∣tid Pills in other Dispensatories. We had also the more reason to omit it, in regard we do not find that these Pills have any want of Ingredients conducing to the purposes for which they were design'd, which are to purge vigorously and carry away ill Hu∣mours, as consisting of Trochisks of Alhandal, Diagrydion, Spurge-Roots, Hermo∣dactyles and Aloes, whose vertues are corroborated by the Opoponax, Sagapen, Ammo∣niac and Bdellium; which at the same time serve also as Correctives to those violent Purgers.

Fetid Pills are chiefly commended for the purging of thick and viscous Flegm, and to remedy those Diseases that proceed from it, as Gouts and Rheumatisms, and all Diseases of the Joynts. These are also good against Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines, which proceed from the same Humours. They are also prevalent against the Leprosie, and all deformities of the Skin, but particularly to provoke the Menstruums, to cleanse the Matrix, and dispel the vapours thereof. Their Dose is from a scruple to a dram. They are taken as other Pills; and sometimes ty'd up in little knots to smell to, to re∣press the Vapours of the Matrix.

Pilulae Ruffi.		Ruffins Pills.
℞. Aloes Succotrinae electae,	℥ ij.	℞. Aloes Succotrine,	℥ ij.
Myrrhae,	℥ j.	Myrrhe,	℥ j.
Croci,	℥ ss.	Saffron,	℥ ss.

Pulverize the Aloes, Myrrh and Saffron, every one apart, and having mix'd the Powder in a great Brass-Mortar, reduce it into a Mass with as much good Malm∣sey as shall be needful to bring it to a good consistence, and after you have beat'n it a good while put it up.

Some have giv'n these Pills the name of Pestilential, others have call'd them Com∣mon Pills. They gently and as it were insensibly purge off the Impurities of the Sto∣mach, they prevent the putrefaction of Humours, for which reason they are very much

commended in the Sickness-time, and against Epidemic distempers. They may be ta∣ken before Dinner, or going to Bed, or in the Morning fasting. Their dose is diffe∣rent, according to the intention for which you take them: For if it be only to keep the Belly open, the dose is from a scruple to a dram; but if it be for stronger Opera∣tion, you may give a dram, or a dram and a half to persons of a strong Constitution, to be taken after the first sleep, or in the Morning early.

Pilulae Aureae.		Golden Pills.
℞. Aloes Succotrin.		℞. Aloes Succotrin,	ʒ v.
Diagrydii, an.	ʒ v.	Diagrydion,
Rosarum rubrarum mundat.		Red-roses cleans'd,
Seminis Apii, an.	ʒ ij ss.	Parsley-seed, an.	ʒ ij ss.
Mastiches,		Mastich,
Seminis Anisi,		Anniseed,
Feniculi, an.	ʒ j ss.	Fennel-seed, an.	ʒ j ss.
Trochiscorum Alhandal,		Alhandal Trochisks,
Croci, an.	℈ j.	Saffron, an.	℈ j.

Beat together the Parsley, Anise, and Fennel-seeds, with the Trochisks of Alhandal, and Red-roses, and sift the Powder through a Silk-sieve. Pulverize a-part the Diagrydion, Mastich, and Saffron; then having well mix'd all the Powders, incorporate them with as much Syrup of Roses as is necessary to make the mass of a good consistence, which must be beaten a good while.

The Epithete of Golden is given to these Pills, because of their colour; they purge gently Flegmatic and Choleric humours from all parts of the body; they are pre∣scrib'd to cure the Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines, especially when they are replete with Wine: Their dose is from a scruple to a dram, to be tak'n after the first sleep, or early in the morning.

Pilulae sine quibus.		Pills without which I would not be.
℞. Extracti Aloes Succotrinae cum succo palli∣darum Rosarum parati,	ʒ xiiij.	℞. Extract of Aloes Succotrin prepar'd with Juice of pale Roses,	ʒ xiiij.
Diagrydii,	ʒ vj.	Diagrydion,	ʒ vj.
Agarici Albissimi,		Whitest Agaric,
Rhabarbari electi,		Choice Rhubarb,
Foliorum Sennae mundat. an.	℥ ss.	Leaves of Senna cleans'd,	℥ ss.
Rosarum rub. exungulatarum,		Red-roses cleans'd,
Summitatum Absinthii,		Tops of Wormwood,
Seminis Violarum,		Seeds of Violets, and
Cuscutae,		Dodder,
Mastiches, an.	ʒ j.	Mastich, an.	ʒ j.

Bruise in a great Brass-Mortar the Rhubarb with the Senna, the Agaric, the Red-Roses, the Wormwood, the Dodder, and the Violet-seeds: Pulverize a-part the Diagrydion, and the Mastich; and having depurated about four ounces of the Juice of Fennel, and boil'd it to an Electuary with its weight in fair Honey, heat the great Brass-Mortar and Pestle; and having melted the Extract of Aloes therein, and incor∣porated it with some part of the Syrup of Fennel, put in the Powders by degrees, ad∣ding thereto as much of the Syrup of Fennel as is needful to reduce the whole to a suffi∣cient mass, and beat the whole a good while in the Mortar.

These Pills are variously prescrib'd in several Dispensatories, especially as to the quantities of the Medicaments: But they that will take the pains to consider this Receipt, must acknowledge that it is not inferiour to any of the rest, provided it be well prepar'd.

The good effects which these Pills have wrought, have won them the Title of Sine quibus esse nolo, Without which I would not be. They purge Flegm wonderfully, and both Cholers; they are very prevalent against Diseases of the Head, especially those

of the Eyes and Ears: They are to be taken after the first sleep, or in the morning fast∣ing. Their dose is from a scruple to a dram, and sometimes to four scruples.

Pilulae de Rhabarbaro.		Rhubarb-Pills.
℞. Specierum Hierae picrae,	ʒ x.	℞. Composition of bitter Hiera,	ʒ x.
Rhabarbari Electi,		Rhubarb chosen,
Myrobalanorum Citrin.		Yellow Mirobalans,
Trochiscorum Diarrhodon,		Trochisks of Roses,
Succi Absinthii inspissati, an.	ʒ iij.	Juice of Wormwood thick'nd, an.	ʒ iij.
Succi Glycyrrhizae,		Juice of Liquorice,
Mastiches,		Mastich,
Seminis Apii,		Parsley-seed,
Faeniculi, an.	ʒ j.	Fennel-seed, an.	ʒ j.

Beat in a large Brass-Mortar the Rhubarb, Mirobalans, Parsley and Fennel-seeds, the Trochisks, and the Juice of Liquorice, if dry; and having sifted the Powder through a Silk-sieve, and mix'd the Powders of Hiera with it, incorporate them in the great Marble-Mortar, with the Juice of Wormwood boil'd to the consistence of Ho∣ney, and as much Syrup of Fennel as is needful to reduce the whole mass to a good consistence, and then beat it a good while in the Mortar.

There is as much difference in the receipt of these Pills, as in any other that are met with in Dispensatories; which diversities require an Examination of this, the Ingre∣dients whereof being as well chosen as proportion'd, I make no question will not fail to produce the good effects expected from them.

These Pills gently purge gross and viscous humours. It is often prescrib'd for the cure of long and painful diseases; for they open the most obstinate obstructions of the Liver and Spleen; they work good effects at the beginning of a Dropsie, and are of great advantage at the end of Tertian and Quotidian Agues. Their dose is from a scruple to four, taken in the same manner as Pilulae sine quibus.

Pilulae Stomachicae.		Stomach-Pills.
℞. Aloes Succotrinae elect.	℥ j ss.	℞. Aloes Succotrine chosen,	℥ j ss.
Rosarum rub. exungulat. &		Red-roses cleans'd, and
Mastiches elect. an.	℥ ss.	Choice Mastich, an.	℥ ss.

Pulverize the Aloes, Red-roses, and Mastich a-part; then mix them well, and in∣corporate them in a great Brass-Mortar with as much Syrup of Wormwood 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is ne∣cessary to reduce them to a mass of a reasonable consistence, and put it up, being suffi∣ciently beaten together.

There are several Receipts of Stomach-Pills to be met with in Dispensatories, but the plainest of all seems to be the best.

These are call'd Stomach-Pills, because they cleanse the Stomach from all fowlness, strengthening it, and rendring it capable to perform all its Functions. They are also call'd Pills before Meat, because they are usually taken before Meals, and require no Regiment at all. They cause but little Evacuation at a time, and are therefore giv'n i•• a small dose, from one scruple to half a dram. You may take them as often as you find occasion.

Pilulae Hystericae.		Hysteric-Pills.
℞. Facularum Brionia,		℞. The Faecula, or white Juice of Briony,
Myrrhae Electa,		Choice Myrrh,
Vitrioli Martis,		Vitriol of Iron,
Salis Arthemisia, an.	ʒ ij.	Salt of Mug-wort, an.	ʒ ij.
Castorei electi,		Choice Castor,

Rutae,		Rue,
Camphorae, an.	℈ ij.	Camphire, an.	℈ ij.
Extracti mollioris Aloes cum succo Arthe∣misiae parati,	ʒ x.	Soft Extract of Aloes prepar'd with juice of Mugwort,	ʒ x.

Beat the Castor cleans'd, together with the Rue and one part of the Myrrh, the rest of which must be beaten, as also the Camphire, mingling with the latter a drop or two of Spirit of Wine, the more easily to powder it. You must have the Extract of Aloes ready, as I shall direct in due place, and when it is brought to a consistence somewhat soft, put it into a great Brass-Mortar; and having mix'd with it the Vitriol of Mars, the Salt of Mugwort and the white juice of Briony pulveriz'd, with the rest of the Pow∣ders, reduce the whole into a Mass, which must be carefully beaten in the same Mortar for a good while. If the Extract of Aloes should want moisture to suck up the Pow∣ders, supply the defect with honey of stinking Arrach, adding what is requisite.

The Extract of Aloes should be prepar'd with juice of Roses, according to some Re∣ceits of these Pills; but we thought it more convenient to make use of Juice of Mug∣wort, to avoid the contrary effects which the sweet scent of Roses might produce in some Women.

You shall find in the small quantity of Drugs which compose these Pills, more satisfa∣ction as to the purposes, for which they were invented, then in any other Receits. For it is not generally the great number, but the choice of the Ingredients that makes the goodness of the Composition.

These Pills are not only Specificks to suppress the Vapours that rise from the Matrix, and to calm the disorders and symptoms that many times happen; but also to carry off its impurities, and to provoke the Menstruums retain'd; to which purpose they must be taken for several days. The Pills must be taken in a a morning fasting, drinking af∣ter them three or four ounces of Mugwort-water, and walk gently upon it for an hour, not taking any thing in two hours after. The Dose is not above half a dram, because of the continuance in taking.

Pilulae Mesentericae, D. D. D'AQUIN.		Mesenteric Pills of Monsieur D. D. D'AQUIN.
℞. Extracti Aloes cum succo Fumariae parati, &		℞. Extract of Aloes prepar'd with Juice of Fumitory, and
Gummi Ammoniaci elect. an.	℥ j.	Gum-Ammoniac, chosen,	℥ j.
Croci Martis aperientis, &		Opening Crocus-Martis, and
Diagrydii, an.	℥ ss.	Diagrydion, an.	℥ ss.
Myrrhae elect.		Select Myrrh,
Croci, &		Saffron, and
Salis Tamarisci, an.	ʒ ij.	Salt of Tamarisk, an.	ʒ ij.
Salis Martis Riverii,	℈ ij.	Salt of Mars of Riverius,	℈ ij.

Having pulveriz'd the Myrrh, the Saffron and the Diagrydion every one apart, and prepar'd an Extract of Aloes somewhat soft, with the Juice of Fumitory, as I shall di∣rect among the Extracts; moderately heat a great Brass-Mortar and Pestle, where af∣ter you have gently melted the Gum-Ammoniac in tears, and well incorporated it with the Extract of Aloes, add the Powders by degrees, mix'd together before with the Cro∣cus-Martis, and Salts of Mars and Tamarisk: adding to them as much Syrup of Suc∣cory compos'd with Rhubarb as shall be necessary to reduce the whole into a Mass of a midling consistence, which must be beaten a sufficient time in the great Mortar. Put up the Mass in an oil'd Skin.

Monsieur the Kings chief Physitian has giv'n the name of Mesenteric to these Pills, because they powerfully open the obstructions which they meet with in the Mesentery. They are very prevalent against the obstructions of all the other Bowels. For they dissolve the tartarous matters, and purge very gently, yet fortifie the Nutritive parts. For which reason they may be prescrib'd with success in Cachexies, Dropsies, Chronical intermitting Fevers, retentions of the Lunary Purgations, &c. Their dose is from one scruple to a dram if you desire they should work soundly: otherwise half a dram i•• enough for Persons of midling complexions that must continue to use them.

Pilulae Mercuriales.		Mercurial Pills.
℞. Rhabarb. electi,		℞. Select Rhubarb,
Trochiscorum Alhandal,		Alhandal Trochisks,
Diagrydii, &		Diagrydion,
Mercurii sublimati dulcis, an.	℥ j.	Sweet-Mercury sublimate, an.	℥ j.
Terebinthin•• Venetae, oleo proprio stillatitio dilutae,	q. s.	Venice-Turpentine wash'd in its own distill'd Oyl,	q. s.

Beat in a great Brass-Mortar the Rhubarb with the Trochisks of Alhandal, mixing therewith some cold seed cleans'd: Pulverize apart the Scammony, and the Mercurius Dulcis, and having sifted the Powders through a Silk-sieve, and well mix'd them in a great Marble-Mortar, incorporate them with the Venice-Turpentine wash'd in a little of its own distill'd Oyl, and reduce the whole into a mass of a good consistence, which must be beaten a good while in the same Mortar.

There are no Pills now-a-days more us'd then the Mercurial; and though there be a great number of Receipts in most of the Dispensatories at this time, particular Re∣ceipts of private persons are yet far more numerous, though not so well order'd. I omit the various preparations which they use, and the different Correctives or Assistants which they mix with their Mercury: But I dare be confident, that this Receipt, though but a plain Composition, is as well proportion'd as can be desir'd, and that a better can hardly be found.

These Pills are chiefly design'd for the cure of Venereal distempers. They draw the virulent humours from all parts of the body, and carry them off by the Stool, though sometimes they raise a Salivation to some tender persons, send forth out some part of the Venom at the Mouth, wherein the Prudence of the Physitian is very requisite to quicken or retard the effects, as occasion requires; and to let Nature take its own course, ac∣cording to the Constitution of the Patient, and the state of the distemper. The dose of these Pills is from one scruple to two, to be taken generally in the morning fasting, and to be continu'd as necessity requires.

Pilulae ad sistendam Gonorrhaeam,		Pills to stop a Gonorrh••••.
℞. Radicum Bistort••,		℞. Roots of Snakeweed,
Tormentill••,		Tormentil,
Nymphaeae,		Water-Lilly,
Baccarum Heder••,		Ivy-Berries,
Seminum Lactuc••,		Seeds of Lettice,
Rutae,		Rue,
Agni Casti,		Chast-Tere,
Succini,		Amber,
Sanguinis Hirci,		Goats-blood,
Mastiches,		Mastich,
Olibani,		Olibanum,
Lachrymarum sanguinis Draconis,		Tears of Dragons-blood,
Nucis Moschata, an.	℥ ss.	Nutmegs, an.	℥ ss▪

Beat together in a great Brass-Mortar the Roots of Tormentil, Snake-weed, and Water-Lilly, with the Ivy-Berries, the Seeds of Lettice, Rue, and Agnus Castus, the Goats-blood, the Dragons-blood, the Amber, and the Olibanum: Pulverize the Ma∣stich apart, and having well mix'd all the Powders, heat a great Brass-Mortar and Pe∣stle, and incorporate them with the Venice-Turpentine, and reduce the whole into a mass of a good consistence, beating it for a good while in the same Mortar.

Dragons-blood is a Gum that cometh forth out of a Tree, when it is cut or bor'd, that grows in the Ca••••••y-Islands, and produces a fruit like a Cherry, of a sowrish taste, and a yellowish colour. The Gum when it is bruis'd is of a Crimsen and bloody colour, whence it has the name of Dragons-blood. But have a care of the counterfeit Dragons-blood, which is only made of Cherry-tree and Almond-tree Gums, dissolv'd and boil'd in the tincture of Brazile-wood, which gives it a red colour, and is us'd by none but Farriours.

The number of Astringent is no less then that of Mercurial Pills, and every one may esteem and prepare those he likes best; but there is no question to be made of this, provided the Ingredients be right, and that it be carefully prepar'd; provided also, it be not given till the malignity of the distemper be over, and that it be time to stop the Gonorrhaea. These Pills are to be tak'n morning and evening, but still upon an emp∣ty Stomach, and continu'd for several days, especially if the Vessels be debilitated. The dose is from half a dram to a dram.

But because we meet many times with obstinate Gonorrhaea's, difficult to cure, I thought fit to insert here the following Receipt; the Pills are very proper to eradicate all the ill impressions of Venom, that other Remedies could not overcome.

Pilulae contra Gonorrhaeam vi∣rulentam.		Pills against a Virulent Go∣norrhaea.
℞. Antimonii Diaphoretici nuper parati, &		℞. Diaphoretic Antimony newly pre∣par'd, and
Cinnabaris Nativae, &		Mineral Cinnabar, and
Antimonii,		Of Antimony,
Terrae Sigillatae,		Terra Sigillata,
Radicis Ireos Florentiae,		Root of Florence-Orrice,
Liquoritia,		Liquorice,
Succini Albi, & Oculorum Cancrorum praeparatorum, an.	℥ ss.	White-Amber, and Crabs-eyes prepar'd, an.	℥ ss.
Myrrhae electae,		Select Myrrh,
Olibani,		Olibanum,
Mastiches, & Croci, an	ʒ ij.	Mastich, Saffron, an.	ʒ ij.

Make choice of the cleanest Mineral Cinnabar, and the most weighty you can meet with; grind the white Amber and Crabs-eyes upon Porphyrie: Pulverize the Myrrh a-part, as also the Mastich in drops, the Olibanum, the Saffron, the Cinnabar Mine∣ral, and Cinnabar of Antimony, as also the Diaphoretic Antimony: beat together in the great Brass-Mortar, the Roots of Orrice and Liquorice; and having sifted and well mingl'd them, heat the great Mortar and Pestle moderately hot, and incorporate them with Turpentine, to reduce the whole into a convenient mass; and then beat the mass together again for a good while.

These Pills work wonderful effects for the cure of Gonorrhaea's, especially when general Remedies have preceded: They are to be taken Morning and Evening upon a fasting Stomach, and continu'd, according as the distemper is, for some Weeks: For which reason the dose is but half a dram at a time, though two scruples or a dram may be giv'n, to make them work more quickly, and with more force. The ef∣fect of these Pills is imperceptible, till us'd for some time.

Pilulae de Terebinthina cocta.		Boil'd Turpentine-Pills.
℞. Terebinthinae Venetae in aqua Raphani, vel baccarum Alkekengi ad duritiem co∣cta,	℥ iiij.	℞. Venice-Turpentine boil'd to a hardness in water of Radishes, or Alkekengi∣berries,	℥ iiij.
Liquoritiae mundatae subtiliter pulveratae,	℥ j.	Liquorice cleans'd and finely powder'd,	℥ j.

Boil the Turpentine over a soft fire in the distill'd water of Radishes, or Alkekengi∣berries, or some other Diuretic Plant, till it be so hard, that you may make it into Pills: Then pour away all the water from the Turpentine, and before it be cold, in∣corporate with it the Liquorice finely powder'd; and having wrought them well to∣gether, put up the mass for use.

These Pills are very much us'd upon retention of Urine, whether caus'd by Flegm, or Gravel, or any Venereal Malignity. They are also good at the beginning of Go∣norrhaea's, to make them run. They are taken in a Morning fasting, from one dram to two, and may be taken several days together.

Pilulae pro morbo Colico D. D. D'AQUIN.		Pills against the Colick of Moun∣sieur D' AQUIN.
℞. Aloes elect. in succo Rosarum pallidayum dilutae & inspissatae,	℥ iij.	℞. Select Aloes steep'd in Juice of pale Roses, and thick'nd,	℥ iij.
Agarici elect.	℥ j ss.	Select Agaric,	℥ j ss.
Extracti Rhabarbari,	℥ j.	Extract of Rhubarb,	℥ j.
Hepatis Lupi praeparati,	ʒ vj.	Wolfs-liver prepar'd,	ʒ vj.
Summitatum Absinthii,	℥ ss.	Tops of Wormwood,	℥ ss.
Pulveris Diarrhodon Abbatis		Powder of Roses of the Abbot,
Salis Absinthii, & Nucis Moschatae, an.	ʒ j ss.	Salt of Wormwood, and Nutmeg, an.	ʒ j ss.

Look for the preparation of the Extracts of Aloes and Rhubarb in the following Part. Take the Liver of a Wolf newly kill'd, and having taken out the Gall, and wash'd the Liver in White-wine, put it into a glaz'd Earthen-pot; and having well luted on the Cover, set it in a Bakers Oven, after the Bread is drawn: Close the O∣ven, and leave it there for some hours. Then unlute the Cover, and turn the Liver: Lute the Cover on again, and put the Pot in once more when the Bread is drawn, and let it stand as long as at first; and thus do so often, till the Liver be thoroughly dry, to be kept in a dry place for fear of corrupting. Beat in a great Brass-Mortar the Wormwood, with the Agaric and Nutmegs, and the Wolfs-Liver; and having sifted the Powder through a Silk-sieve, heat the great Brass-Mortar and Pestle, and melt therein, by degrees, the Extracts of Aloes and Rhubarb; and incorporate them after∣wards with as much Syrup of Succory as is requisite to reduce the whole into a mass of a good consistence, which must be afterwards well beaten in the same Mortar.

The good effects which are wrought by these Pills for the cure of Colics, especially those of Poictou, oblig'd Mounsieur D'Aquin, his Majesties Chief Physitian, to add the Receipt of them to many others in this Pharmacopoea for the Public Good. They gently purge choleric and serous humours, the gathering together and Fermentation whereof they divert and prevent, as being the usual cause of Colics: They that are subject to them, are to take every other day one, and to continue them till they are cur'd. These Pills keep the Belly op'n, and carry off gently and insensibly the humours that cause them. The dose of these Pills may be augmented to a dram, if you intend a strong Evacuation. They must be tak'n in a morning fasting.

Pilulae Catholicae Poterii.		Universal Pills of Poterius.
℞. Aloes Succotrinae,	℥ ss.	℞. Aloes Succotrine,	℥ ss.
Myrrhae Electae.	ʒ ij.	Select Myrrh,	ʒ ij.
Mastiches Electi,	ʒ j.	Select Mastich,	ʒ j.
Croci,	ʒ ss.	Saffron,	ʒ ss.
Magnesia Saturninae meteorisatae,	ʒ j.	White-flowers of Antimony,	ʒ j.

Chuse your Ingredients well; and having pulveriz'd every one a-part, sifted them through a Silk-sieve, and well mix'd them, incorporate them with as much Syrup of Roses Solutive, as is requisite to give the Mass its due consistence, and beat the whole in the same Mortar for a good while.

I thought fit to insert these Pills, because of the good effects which they may pro∣duce. The white Flowers of Antimony, disguis'd by Poterius under the Name of Mag∣nesia Saturnina meteorisata, are only a powerful Spur to the other Ingredients: And though they are very Emetic alone, yet thus mix'd, they lose that quality, and purge only by Stool. The preparation of these Flowers you shall find in the Third Part of this Pharmacopoea.

Poterius, the Author of these Pills, commends them highly against Colics, Asthma's, Megrims, Vertigo's, Epilepsies, and also for the ease of the Gout: Their dose is from fifteen grains to twenty four: They are to be taken in a morning fasting.

Pilulae Hydropicae Bontii.		Bontius's Hydropic Pills.
℞. Aloes Succotrinae,	℥ ij ss.	℞. Aloes Succotrin,	℥ ij ss.
Gummi Guttae subtiliter pulverat & cum Vino Malvatico dissolut. lavigati, & sic∣cati,	℥ j ss.	Gutta-gauma finely powder'd, dissolv'd with Malmsey, smooth'd, and dry'd,	℥ j ss.
Diagrydii eodem modo parat.	℥ j.	Diagrydion so prepar'd,	℥ j.
Gummi Ammoniaci Electi,	℥ j ss.	Select Gum-Ammoniac,	℥ j ss.
Tartari Vitriolati,	℥ ss.	Tartar Vitrioliz'd,	℥ ss.

Beat the Aloes in a great Brass-Mortar, and sift it through a Silk-sieve: Pick out the purest Gutta-gauma, and the fairest Diagrydion; and having grownd them very fine upon Porphyry, either together, or a-part, with about the same weight in Malmsey, set them to dry: Then having made choice of pure Ammoniac in tears, and moderately heated the great Mortar and Pestle, melt the Gum therein; then mixing the Tartar vitri∣oliz'd with all the Powders, and moistning the Ammoniac with about as much the weight of Syrup of Roses Solutive, incorporate them by degrees, still adding as much more of the Syrup as is requisite to bring the mass to its due consistence, which must be after∣wards beaten a good while in the same Mortar.

You shall find the preparation of vitrioliz'd Tartar in the Third Part of this Phar∣macopoea.

These Pills were invented by Bontius, formerly Physitian to the Prince of Orange, who commends them highly for the carrying off all Hydropic waters. They are very effectu∣al to open Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, and all the Bowels. It is to be taken in a morning fasting, from half a scruple to a scruple.

Pilulae Tartareae Bontii.		Tartar-Pills of Bontius.
℞. Aloes Succotrinae elect.	ʒ iij.	℞. Aloes Succotrine selected,	ʒ iij.
Lachrymarum Gummi Ammoniaci pauco a∣ceto scillicito dilutarum,	℥ j ss.	Tears of Gum-Ammoniac dissolv'd in a little Vinegar of Squills,	℥ j ss.
Tartari Vitriolati,	ʒ ss.	Tartar vitrioliz'd,	ʒ ss.

Having finely pulveriz'd the Aloes, heat a Brass-Mortar to melt the Gum-Ammo∣niac, being there dissolv'd in a little Vinegar of Squills; then incorporate the Aloes, and the Tartar vitrioliz'd, and reduce the whole mass to its due consistence, beating the same a good while together.

There are several Receipts of Tartar-Pills; among the rest, one that consists of ma∣ny Ingredients, in Quercetan, which perhaps might be to be preferr'd before this, if multiplicity of Ingredients made a Receipt good or bad. However we have chosen this, as being plain and easily prepar'd; for these Pills purge wonderfully both the one and the other Choler, and thick and tartarous humours, carrying them off from the remotest parts of the body. They are prescrib'd with success against Madness, and melancholy distempers, that arise from the Hypochondriums, against the Leprosie, Cankers, Quartan Agues, and Venereal distempers. For by opening the obstructions of the Bowels, and voiding the ill humours, they purge the whole mass of the blood. The dose is from a scruple to a dram. They are to be taken in a morning fasting, or just before Dinner.

Pilulae Tartareae Schroderi.		Schroder's Tartarous Pills.
℞. Aloes Lucida in Succo-Targorum extract.	℥ j.	℞. Bright Aloes extracted, with Juice of Strawberries,	℥ j.
Lachrymarum Gummi Ammontaci,	ʒ ij ss.	Gum-Ammoniac,	ʒ ij.
Magisterii Tartari purgantis in aqua Bu∣glossi aliquoties soluti & coagulati,		Purging Magistery of Tartar dissolv'd and coagulated in Bugloss-water,
Extracti Gentiana, an.	ʒ ij.	Extract of Gentian, an.	ʒ ij.
Salis Martis subdulois,		Salt of Mars sweet'nd,
Extracti Croci, an.	ʒ j.	Extract of Saffron, an.	ʒ j.

Make up the Mass with Tincture of Tartar.

Having chosen the Aloes Succotrine, very transparent, draw forth the Extract with Juice of Strawberries, as I shall direct in the preparation of Extracts, where you shall also meet with those of Gentian and Saffron. Magistery of Tartar, and tincture of Tartar, are to be found in their proper place, together with the preparation of the Salt of Mars of Riverius, which is most proper for these Pills, in regard that the Acid of the Spirit of Vitriol, necessary for the dissolution of Mars, cannot be better sweet'nd then by the Volatile of the Spirit of Wine, which is there made use of.

Schroderus writes, that after he had had the Receipt a good while, and found the Ex∣cellency of its Vertues, he was resolv'd to communicate it to public view, as a pro∣per Remedy to carry off tartarous and muscllaginous humours from the lower part of the Belly, to cleanse the Liver, Spleen, and Matrix from Obstructions, and to cure all Diseases that proceed from thence. Take them in the Evening before Supper, about half a scruple weight, and the next morning expect they should work.

Pilulae de Sagapeno Camilli.		Sagapen-Pills of Camillus.
℞. Lachrymarum Sagapeni,	ʒ vj.	℞. Tears of Sagapen,	ʒ vj.
Ammoniac.	ʒ iij.	Ammoniac,	ʒ iij.
Extracti Trochisch. Alhandal,	℥ j.	Extract of Trochisks of Alhandal,	℥ j.
Diagrydii,	℥ ss.	Diagrydion,	℥ ss.
Salis Gemmae,	ʒ j ss.	Sal-Gemmae,	ʒ j ss.

Powder the Diagrydion and Sal-Gemmae, and having heated the Brass-Mortar and Pestle, melt the Gums by degrees: Then incorporate therewith the Extract of Alhan∣dal, and the Powders, adding thereto as much Syrup of Violets, sharp'nd with a little Spirit of Vitriol, as will suffice to reduce it to a good consistency. These Pills are ap∣plauded by Camillus, and after him by Quercetan, for the cure of a Quartan Ague, ta∣king about the bigness of a Pea at the beginning of the Fit: For they insensibly dissolve viscous and tenacious humours, and carry them off by Stool.

I have not inserted certain Pills set down, and commended by Quercetan, having Eu∣phorbium for their Foundation: For though that Quercetan's preparation of Euphor∣bium be as good, and as judicious as any that was ever invented; and that it be true, that the Acrimony of the Euphorbium, fix'd to its volatile parts wherein it abounds, cannot be more properly carri'd off, then by mixing those Acids among it which he does, as Juice of Citron, or Spirit of Vitriol. Nevertheless, though the Volatiles may seem to have chang'd their nature, when joyn'd to the Acids, and intermix'd with their smallest particles; this strict Union may at first hinder that operation which they were capable of before in separation, but cannot destroy their first nature: So that when the Acid joyn'd to the Euphorbium meets in the Stomach with any new Volatile, not failing to mix with that as it had mix'd with the Euphorbium; and the latter find∣ing it self freed from the Union which it had with the Acid, is in that time in a condi∣tion to exercise its first Nature, and make the same havock it would have done before it was joyn'd, which cannot be help'd, unless it meets with some new Acids in the Sto∣mach, which may, as it were, inebriate it so, that it may suffer it self to be carri'd off by the other Laxatives, and voided with the Excrements, before it has done all the mischief it would have done. These reasons make me stedfast in my Opinion, that it is better not to give Euphorbium by any means inwardly, then to endeavour to change its nature, which it is impossible to destroy, though it may be alter'd for a time.

I was unwilling to swell this Chapter with any more Receipts of Pills, which have been formerly more in use, and which every one has his liberty to chuse as he plea∣ses. For besides that there is nothing particular in their preparation, I think I have al∣ready produc'd enough sufficiently to furnish any Apothecaries Shop.

THE SECOND BOOK, OF EXTERNAL PREPARATIONS, AND COMPOSITIONS.

CHAP. I. Of Oyls Extracted by Pressing.

THe Health of Man being the Common End for which all Medicines both Internal and External are made use of, and there being so great a Sympathy between them, that many which are rank'd among the number of the former, may al∣so serve for the same uses as the latter, it is impossible to divide Internal from External Compositions so well, but that there may be some ground of Exception. As may be observ'd in Confection of Alkermes, which is usually giv'n inwardly to strengthen the Heart and noble-parts; and which you may also for the same purpose, very advantageously apply outwardly like an Epitheme upon the Heart and Stomack: Or mix'd in Oyl of Scorpions, invented against Poysons; which is chiefly made use of by way of Unction upon the Heart, Liver and Temples. However it is also taken in∣wardly for the same intent; not to speak of other mix'd Bodies and other Composi∣tions, which may prove useful both outwardly and inwardly giv'n. So that it is no wonder if among the Compositions which have at all times been rank'd among exter∣nal, we meet with some that may be accompted internal, as being oft-times taken in∣wardly. Particularly many Oyls, especially Sallet-oyl, which besides the general ex∣ternal use that is made of it in dressing Meat, is often giv'n to drink alone or mix'd with other Medicaments.

Having by this means begun External Medicines with Oyls, I must say that the name of Oyl has been given to certain fat, oyly, combustible Liquors, that flow either naturally out of Rocks, as Petroleum; or from Plants, as Opobalsanum; or which is drawn by Art from divers mix'd Bodies, especially those which are of the number of Vegetables, the diversity whereof is as great as the variety of substances from whence they are drawn. I do not comprehend under Oyls the Fat of Animals, though Unctuous and Inflamma∣ble, and that it be put sometimes in the Composition of several Oyls, among several other parts of Animals; having design'd this Chapter principally for Oyls drawn forth by Pressing, or by Decoction; or for those to which we communicate the vertue of one or more mix'd Bodies, which are call'd either Simple or Compound. Referring Distill'd Oyls, and their Preparation to the third part of this Pharmacopaea.

Fruits, Berries, and Seeds are the parts of Plants that usually abound most in Oyl; though the other parts are not quite destitute of it. But among all Fruits the Olive is that which yields most, and of which there is the greatest plenty every-where. This Oyl is as much us'd in Dyet as in Physic, wherein the general use of it has been the reason it has receiv'd for excellency and priority of distinctions sake, the name of Oyl, without the addition of Olives. This is one of those Oyls that are drawn forth by pressing.

The use of it is chiefly to retain or receive the virtue of several sorts of Plants or Ani∣mals, of which it afterwards bears the name, serving as a foundation to a good part of the Simple and Compound Oyls, which are us'd to be prepar'd in Shops by Infusion or Decoction.

Most Authors are of opinion that Oyl that has been longest made is to be preferr'd before any other for Physical uses, so that sometimes they prescribe Oyl of a hundred years old. However the Inhabitants of the Countries where the Oyl is made, generally prefer new pure Oyl before any other; especially for Diet, because it is usually more sweet and more acceptable to the taste: and though they do not despise that of two, three and four years old, they know by experience, that Oyl which has been kept be∣yond that time, grows at length so thick, and becomes so greasie, that it is only fit for Unguents, Emplaisters, or to make Sope.

The Ancients prescrib'd the making of two sorts of Oyl, and that the most usual be∣ing drawn from Olives very ripe, there should be another drawn from green Olives be∣fore they come to maturity, to which they give the name of Oleum Omphacinum, which they affirm to be much more astringent and cooling then the other, and which they made use of in the composition of Oyls and other Remedies that requir'd those quali∣ties. But we should be now at a great loss to find this Omphacine-Oyl, because that green Olives are not in a condition to afford much Oyl, and for that in the Countries where Olives grow in greatest abundance they know not what it is to draw forth Oyl from O∣lives that are not fully ripe. But though we have not this Omphacine-Oyl of the Anci∣ents, the Oyl which is made of ripe Olives, cannot be inferior to it; in regard we may endue it with qualities very neer to those which are attributed to Omphacine, by the means of Lotions or Infusions impregnated with the qualities which they desire, provi∣ded the Oyl be pure, and clarifi'd from all its bad qualities.

Oleum Amygdalarum dulcium.	Oyl of Sweet-Almonds.
℞. Amygdalarum dulcium putaminibus, & cute membranosa purgatarum, quantum libue∣rit.	℞. Sweet-Almonds cleans'd from their Husks and Membranous-skins, what quan∣tity you please.

Choose out new Almonds, well grown, out of their shells, well dry'd, and having sisted the dust from them through a coarse Sieve, put them into hot-water; and keep them there till their Husks are well soak'd, that you may slip them off with your fingers; and having taken off the membranous-skin, wipe them in a Linen-cloth, and spread them abroad to dry. Then put them in a Marble-Mortar, and beat them with a Wooden-Pe∣stle, till the Pulp be very thin and begin to yield Oyl; put this Pulp into a Bag of new strong linen: and after you have ty'd the mouth of the Bag, and put it between two thin Tin-plates, or of Wood lin'd with white Latten, put the whole into the Press, squeez∣ing it very gently at first, but afterwards with a considerable strength, leaving the Bag in the Press till the Oyl have time to drop forth. They who should be too impatient at first, and should press the Oyl of Almonds too strongly at the beginning, would force the Feces of the Almonds through the Bag; and the Oyl would come forth thick, which by observing my directions never happens.

The Ancients were wont to heat the Almonds and such other Fruits in Balneo Mariae, or otherwise, after they had beat them, and before they put them into the Press, to get the more Oyl. I confess that more Oyl may be had this way, but it will be more unacceptable to the taste and less cooling. However for some persons not so nice, the beating of the Almonds may be omitted, provided they be well shaken in a Bag of new coarse Cloath: by reason that then the Almond-pulp is less subject to pass through the Bag, as being hindred by the rind, that gives it a firmness; nor is the Oyl less pleasing to the taste, or less sightly to the eye.

Oyl of Sweet Almonds is very much commended against the roughness of the Aspera Arteria, and the Lungs. It appeases Colicks, especially the Nephretic, cures all retentions of Urine, facilitates the Labors of Women in Child-bed, and appeases their pains after delivery; asswages Coughs in young or old, and the Gripes of little infants. In a word, it is generally proper for all internal Maladies, where there is occasion to mollifie, as∣swage, make slippery or to qualifie the heat or acrimony of humours. It is us'd both in∣wardly and outwardly. It is given alone fasting; it is also mix'd with Looches Syrups, Emulsions, and Potions. The dose is from half an ounce to as ounce, and sometimes to two: it is also us'd in pain-easing, and lubrifying Clysters from two to three ounces.

It is also us'd externally alone, or mix'd with Pomatums or in Liniments, as well to smooth the Skin, as to soften and relax the Muscles of the Breast, when they are opprest.

Oleum Amygdalarum amararum.	Oyl of Bitter Almonds.
℞. Amygdalarum amararum quantum li∣buerit.	℞. Bitter Almonds what quantity you please.

This Oyl may be prepar'd in the same manner as the sweet Almonds; but because they are seldom taken inwardly, the beating of them may be omitted without Scruple: otherwise they may be beaten and after that moderately heated; and the Plates may be also heated, when you put them into the Press: But they must be gently press'd at first, as I said of the former. Their bitterness lies only in their gross and terre∣strial part; so that the Oyl is as sweet as that of other Almonds, the bitterness re∣maining in the foeces: Which though neither hurtful to men, nor to the most part of other Animals, is yet the most dangerous Poyson that Poultry can meet with.

Oyl of bitter Almonds is very much esteem'd against hardnesses, inflammations, and stranglings of the neck of the Matrix. It also gives great ease to those who are troubled in their Kidneys, by any gathering together of Flegm, Gravel, or Stone, or are pain'd through difficulty of Urine. It is good against pains in the head, deaf∣ness, noise in the Ears, to take away the blemishes of the Face, and roughness of the Skin, and white Scurfs. It is us'd outwardly alone, or mix'd with Pomatums; and inwardly administer'd from half an Ounce to an Ounce alone, or mix'd in Emulsions or other Beverages. It may be also mix'd in Clysters to expell wind, like as Oyl of sweet Almonds.

Oleum Nucum Juglandium, & Avellanarum.

Oyl of Wallnuts and Filberts.

Oyls of Wallnuts and Filberts, are to be prepar'd in the same manner as Oyl of sweet Almonds. You must also forbear to heat the Pulps, especially when they are to be taken inwardly, or to be us'd for Cosmetics. For by that means they will be more agreeable to the taste and smell, and be also more refreshing.

Oyl of ordinary Wallnuts is recommended against all sorts of Cholicks, especially windy. It is also good against crushing and pricking of the Nerves, against the Itch, Tetters, and Swellings. It is also outwardly apply'd to anoint the Face against Sun-burning in the Month of March, by way of prevention: To which purpose they anoint the Faces of young Children newly born. The Dose and uses of it are much the same with those of Oyl of sweet Almonds: Yet sometimes they use four Ounces, or half a Pint at a time in Clysters, for violent Cholicks, mixing it with Urine and Spanish-Wine.

The Vertues of Oyl of Filberts are very near the same with that of common Wall∣nuts. It is us'd against pains in the Joints, as well in Beverage, as in Unction; as al∣so against the biting of Serpents, about an Ounce at a time: it is apply'd alone, or mix'd with Bears-Grease, or among Pomatums to make the Hair grow.

Oleum Crysomelinum, seu ex Nucleis Ma∣lorum Persicorum & Armeniacorum.

Oyl of the Kernels of Peaches and Abricots.

The Oyls of the Kernels of Peaches and Apricots are drawn by the Press in the same manner as the Oyls already mention'd.

The Vertues of both these Oyls are very near the same. They are highly applauded against Pains, Obstructions, and Noises in the Ears; as also against Deafness, being put into the Ear with a little Cotton dipp'd in them. They appease the pains of the Hemorrhoids, and dissipate swellings which are caus'd by them in those parts: They are good to cure Wounds and Ulcers growing in those places. They are highly com∣mended against Worms in Children great and small, being taken from two Drams to an Ounce. For which purpose the Kernels of Peaches and Almonds beaten, and given in a flowring Emulsion, are very much approv'd and experimented against the Jaundise in both Sexes, repeating the use of them.

Oleum Balaninum. Oyl of the Nut-Ben.

The Nut-Ben, call'd by the Greeks Balanus Mirepsica, by the Latins Glans Ʋnguen∣taria, affords its Oyl by pressing, in the same manner as the other Fruits before-men∣tion'd. The Nut-Ben is in some sort triangular, cover'd with a whitish, thin, smooth, and brittle rind: The substance of the Fruit is white, so is also the Oyl; and it is not only without scent, but very proper to receive any scent that you have a mind to give it; and it has this peculiar quality, that it does not grow Musty like other press'd Oyls, but may be kept a long time in a good condition: For which reason Perfumers use it, to receive and preserve the Odours of certain Flowers, which they would otherwise make no advantage of.

The Vertues of this Oyl are highly esteem'd, and among other things to take out freckles and scars from the face, and other parts of the body, apply'd alone, or mix'd with Pomatums. It asswages pains in the Ears, and dissipates the buzzing in them, be∣ing mix'd with Goose-grease, and put into them: It is proper to open the Obstructions, and to soft'n and digest the hardnesses of the Liver, Spleen, and other Bowels, being tak'n inwardly: It is us'd against cold diseases of the Nerves and Joynts, as also a∣gainst the Gout, apply'd upon the parts affected. The dose is from half a dram to two drams, in White-wine, or some other Liquor.

By the same Method, Oyls may be extracted out of several Fruits of the same nature, and Seeds of like substance; as Pistaches, Pine-apple kernels, the four greater cold Seeds, Kernels of Oranges and Citrons, Sesamum, Palma-Christi-seed, seeds of Piony, Mustard, Hemp, Dwarf-Elder, Henbain, Lettice, Poppy, Carthamum, &c. which have every one their particular vertues, though seldom ready prepar'd in Shops, but upon occasion.

Oleum seminis Anisi per expressionem.

Press'd Oyl of Anniseed.

You must be careful to have your Anniseed new, very dry, well grown, and to make it very clean, and to beat it, and sift it through a close Hair-sieve. Take a pound of this Powder, and having fill'd the hollow of a Plate, that may be set with the brims in the lower part of a Hair-sieve, cover the Plate with the lower part of the Sieve; and keeping one hand upon the Sieve, which must then touch and cover the Plate fill'd with the Powder, and the other under the bottom of the Plate, of an instant turn the whole so, that the Powder may fall upon the Sieve, and be cover'd with the Plate; and the same time have a Copper-posnet ready to that bigness, that the bottom of the Sieve may rest within-side, but not go down to the bottom: then put in three pints of water; and having plac'd the Skillet upon a Furnace, as the water boils, let the Powder of Anniseed receive the vapour for a quarter of an hour, or till the boiling vapours of the water have well penetrated the Powder, and till you can no longer endure the heat of the Plate that covers it: At what time having a strong close Cloth-bag ready, put the powder immediately into it, and having ty'd the Bag, press it between two hot Plates in a Press, with all the speed and strength that may be. By this means a pound of powder of Anniseed will yield an ounce and a half, and some∣times two ounces of Oyl, very sweet, pleasing, and having the true taste of An∣niseed.

The preparation of this Oyl may be seen in a Treatise of Chymistry, which I com∣pos'd and set forth in another Name, about twelve years since: But I am sure it is not to be found in any Author that ever wrote before; so that I dare pretend to be the sole Inventor.

Oyl of Anniseed is very much extoll'd for expelling Wind contain'd in the Belly, and for appeasing Colics that proceed from thence: It is proper to strengthen the Stomach, to assist Digestion, and the distribution of the good Juice of the Nourish∣ment to all parts of the body. This Oyl thus prepar'd, is less subtle, and less pene∣trating, then that which is drawn by Distillation; however, it has less Acrimony, and it may be also given in greater quantity, even to half a dram in Wine, or some other proper Liquor: It may be also apply'd, by way of Unction, upon the Stomach, Na∣vel, and lower parts of the Belly, in Windy Colics. You may also put a drop or two in Childrens Broth that are troubled with griping pains.

Oleum Nucis Moschatae.

Oyl of Nutmegs,

The Preparation of this Oyl is altogether agreeable to that of Anniseed. So that if you be but careful to chuse full grown Nutmegs, fat and weighty, to sift the Pow∣der through a close Hair-sieve, to follow punctually my Directions for the press'd Oyl of Aniseed, you shall succeed better then by any other way, and have an Oyl of a very fair colour, and a very good smell; and more by half then from the same quantity of Anniseeds. This Oyl looks liquid and clear as any other Oyl at the time of the Expression, while it is warm; but it coagulates as soon as it is cold, and then appears of a yellow colour enclining to red, and of a solid consistence.

I have formerly given a Preparation of Oyl of Nutmegs, according to my method, in a Treatise which I made upon Treacle, where I blam'd those who following the Precepts of the Ancients, content themselves with heating the Nutmegs beaten, and to press them hot, because that heating cannot be done without a dissipation of the most subtle, most volatile, and most odoriferous part of the Nutmegs, without a re∣markable diminution of some part of the Oyl, and without obscuring and spoiling the colour of it. Nor can I subscribe to those who having plac'd Oyl of Nutmegs among the Number of press'd Oyls, would have it prepar'd without fire; believing that they never consider'd what they wrote, and because they never prepar'd, nor ne∣ver saw this Oyl prepar'd. Others have made use of my method, but to little pur∣pose; but those I let alone.

Oyl of Nutmegs is good against all humidities and coldness of the Stomach, and the Noble parts. For by its moderate heat it dissipates and strengthens the parts both at the same time: it stays vomiting, restoring the Stomach and Bowels to their Functions. It is prescrib'd to correct the stinking of the breath that proceeds from foulness of the Stomach; to help digestion, create an appetite, and excite venereal vigour. It is taken inwardly in meat-broth from six Grains to a Scruple. It is also made use of to anoint the hollow part of the Stomach, having first melted it in a Spoon. To excite Coition, the Natural parts may be anointed therewith. It is also good against cold Fluxes of the Brain, anointing the Temples and Sutures of the head; and against Colicks, anointing the Navel. It is also good for the ground of Balsoms, as well in respect of its odour, as of its vertue to fortifie the Brain and No∣ble parts, or to suppress the vapours of the Matrix.

Oyl of Mace, endu'd almost with the same Vertues, may be also drawn by the press. You may also extract the Oyls of both by Distillation. But I refer these Pre∣parations to the third Part of this Pharmacopoea.

Oleum Ovorum.

Oyl of Eggs.

Having chosen out new-laid Eggs, or at least those that are not stale, what num∣ber you please, boil them in Water till they are very hard, and having taken off the Whites and the Shells, crumble the Yolks into small pieces, and fry them in a Fry∣ing-pan over a moderate Fire, stirring them from time to time with a Spatula, or a long Ladle; then leave off and hold them there till they begin to grow red, and to yield their Oyl; then after you have slightly sprinkl'd them with Spirit of Wine, put them into a Linen-Bag very well warm'd, and having ty'd it, and put it into the Press very hot between two hot Plates, squeeze out the Oyl with all the speed you can, and keep it for your use.

The Oyl of Eggs is highly esteem'd to take away Scars, and other Deformities of the Skin; and particularly those that remain after the Small-pox or burning. It as∣swages the pains of the Ears, and those of the Hemorrhoids; causes the Hair to grow; cures Scabs and Tetters; dissolves and carries off Tumours in the Mouth; and is ve∣ry proper to heal rifts and chops in the breast, hands, feet, and fundament. It cleanses Ulcers and appeases their pains, as also of all the nervous parts. It is also advantageously laid upon new Burns and Scaldings.

They that fear the bad impression which the Oyl of Eggs may receive in the Pan du∣ring the frying of the Yolks, may do better to make use of a glaz'd Earthen-Vessel, for torrefaction of the Eggs, especially if the Oyl be intended for the Face: For which purpose, the better to take from the Oyl any impression of an Empyreuma, to render it more cooling, and by whitening it, to make it fit to be mix'd in Poma∣tums, you may prepare this Oyl in the Month of May, and expose it to the Dew

night and morning, stirring it from time to time, and keep it there till the strong scent be gone, and it will look of a white colour. The Ladies of Languedoc are not ignorant of this preparation.

Oleum Laurinum.	Oyl of Lawrel-berries.
℞. Baccarum Lauri recentium perfecte ma∣turarum, quantum libuerit.	℞. New Lawrel-berries perfectly ripe, what quantity you please.

The Berries being bruis'd, and put into a Kettle, let them boil in a sufficient quanti∣ty of water for half an hour; strain them, and press them out very strongly. When the Oyl is cool, scum it off, swimming upon the water like fat: Then bruise the press'd Pulp again, and boil it in the remaining water, adding a small quantity of fresh water to it, for about half an hour; strain it, and press it, as before, and having gather'd the Oyl that swims at the top of the water, keep it a-part.

This Oyl is not easily prepar'd but in hot Countries, and where there is an abun∣dance of Lawrels. The Ancients, and many of the Moderns, would have the Lawrel∣berries to be beaten, before you put them into the water to boil; others would have you to boil them whole, provided they be new, and very ripe: I believe that either Me∣thod may be good; and that the Berries whole, having the greatest part of their Oyl in their Superficies, and their Rind very tender, will easily afford their Oyl without any contusion; and that by boiling them again, the same Berries will yet yield more Oyl. But I think it better to bruise them after you have drawn off the first Oyl, that you may the more easily obtain that which remains from the more compact part of the Berries: However, the first Oyl will be the greenest, the most pure, and the best; so that it will be convenient to keep the two Oyls a-part.

The same Method may be observ'd for the preparation of oyls of Lentisk, Myrtle, and other Oleaginous Berries.

Oyl of Lawrel-berries corrects the cold intemperature of all the parts of the body, as well that which is single, as that which is accompani'd with Flegm and cold Flatuo∣sities: It softens, attenuates, opens, and discusses; it remedies the cold affections of the Brain, Nerves, and Joynts, as also those of the Stomach, Intestines, Liver, Spleen, Reins and Matrix: It is good against the Palsey, weakness of the Nerves and Muscles, the shivering of Agues, anointing the Spine of the Back therewith: It asswages the pains of Sciatic Gouts, and those of the Ears, and inveterate distempers of the Head. It causes sharp humours to expire, driving them to the Superficies of the skin; for which reason it prevails against Scurfs and Tetters. It is also good to kill Worms and Fleas. It may be taken inwardly, to ten or twelve drops, in some proper liquor; but the chiefest use of it is for Exteriour Liniments. It may be also mix'd in Cly∣sters, from half an ounce to one, and sometimes two ounces, in Colics that proceed from wind, or flegmatic and cold humours.

CHAP. II. Of Oyls prepar'd by Infusion, or Decoction.

Oleum Absinthii.		Oyl of Wormwood.
℞. Absinthii majoris recentis contusi,	lb j.	℞. Of the fresh bigger Wormwood bruis'd,	lb j.
Succi ejusdem,	℥ iiij.	Juice of the same,	℥ iiij.
Rosarum Rubrarum siccarum,	℥ ij.	Red-roses dry'd,	℥ ij.
Olei communis,	lb iiij.	Common Oyl,	lb iiij.

TAke a pound of large Wormwood, when it's mounted up into Flower, and bruise it in a Marble-Mortar, and put it into a glaz'd Earthen-pot, with the Juice of the same Wormwood, and Roses, and Oyl prescrib'd: Then after you have well stopt the

Pot, place it over a Bakers, or a Cooks Oven, or else in the hot beams of the Sun: Where after it has stood three days, set the Vessel in Balneo Mariae; and having let it boil for half an hour, strain the whole, and press it forth by main strength. Then re∣turn the Oyl press'd forth into the same Pot, with the same quantity of Wormwood, with its Juice, and the other Ingredients, as before; and having stopt the Pot, and kept it in Maceration, as before, let it boil in Balneo Mariae again, and strain, and press it, as at first, repeating all the same Operations a third time: Then after you have left the Oyl to settle for four and twenty hours, separate it from the Faeces and moisture, and keep it for your use.

Oyl of Wormwood is highly commended against all cold diseases of the Stomach, for it heats and strengthens very much, assisting it to perform its duty, and restoring the Appetite; it dissipates Wind, and appeases the Colicks caus'd thereby; it kills Worms, and cures the infirmities of the Ears, by stopping them with Cotton dipp'd in some few drops thereof. It is apply'd by way of Unction upon the Stomach and Belly: It is also put into Clysters, from one to two or three ounces.

They that live in hot Countries, where the Beams of the Sun are very violent in May and June, when Wormwood is in its chiefest strength, may do well to make use of the Sun for Maceration: But in parts remote from the Sun, which enjoy not that heat, we are constrain'd to make use of the heat of Fire, as well for this as for many other Macerations, which are necessary to be done.

I know there are some persons also so exact in the preparation of this, and other Oyls, as to put the Ingredients into a Glass-Cucurbit, cover'd with its Alembic▪ and to set the Cucurbit in Balneo Mariae, to draw away all the moisture that will ascend, to mix it again with the press'd Oyl, and separate it afterwards. But because Oyl of Wormwood, and such-like, are only us'd in Exteriour Oyntments, I cannot find but that the dissipation of the Volatile parts, very difficult to be preserv'd, is a thing to be more lookt after; besides, that by this method you cannot fail to communicate to the Oyl whatever the Wormwood and Roses have of good qualities, and most proper for the intentions for which this Oyl of Wormwood was invented.

Oyls of Mint, Sage, Dill, Rue, and the like, are to be prepar'd after the same manner.

Oleum Rosatum Simplex.		Simple Oyl of Roses.
℞. Rosarum Rubrarum recentium contusarum,	lb ij.	℞. Fresh Red-roses bruis'd,	lb ij.
Succi Earundem,	lb ss.	Juice of the same,	lb ss.
Olei communis,	lb v.	Common Oyl,	lb v.

Put them all together in a glaz'd Earthen-pot cover'd; macerate them for forty days in the Sun, if possible; then boil them in Balneo Mariae, press them, and keep the Oyl for use.

This Oyl requires no great trouble, as being made with the only Maceration of the Roses. The vertues and uses are the same with those of the following Oyl.

Oleum Rosatum Compositum.		Compound Oyl of Roses.
℞. Rosarum rub. recentium contus.	lb j.	℞. Fresh Red-roses bruis'd,	lb j.
Succi Rosarum Rubrarum,	℥ iiij.	Juice of Red-roses,	℥ iiij.
Olei communis,	lb iiij.	Common Oyl,	lb iiij.

Put them in a glaz'd Earthen-pot with a narrow Orifice, and after you have well stept it, set it in Maceration in the beams of the Sun for four days; then having boil'd the Ingredients for an hour in Balneo Mariae, strain and press them. Return the Liquor press'd forth into the same Vessel again, repeating the same operations thrice in all; and when you have so done, purifie the oyl, and keep it for use.

For want of a hot Sun, set the Pot upon a Bakers or Cooks Oven. Nor is the dissipa∣tion of the Volatile parts of the Roses to be fear'd, during the macerations and boil∣ings prescrib'd; by reason those parts are so imbody'd with the watry and terrestrial part, that a severer heat then that of a boiling Bath is not able to separate them. And

we find demonstratively that Red-Roses do not impart their sweet scent till after they are dry'd; for which reason we expose them to the heat of the Sun, which acting only upon the superfluous moisture of the Roses, does no damage to the scent, nor to any of the good qualities which we desire. And if there remain any moisture after boy∣ling the Oyl, it will be easie to separate it because it falls to the bottom.

This Oyl is good to dulcifie, and dissipate fluxions that fall upon the External-parts. For it extinguishes inflammations, hinders the descent of the humours, and appeases pains. It tempers the heat of the Stomach, and the heat of the Reins. It asswages the pains of the Head, as also deliriums, and provokes sleep, ducifying the sharp hu∣mours that interrupt it by their Acrimony: It must be warm'd before you anoint the parts with it. It may be also inwardly given against the Worms and in Dysenteries, from half an ounce to an ounce. It is good to anoint the part upon Fractures and Dislo∣cations of Bones. It is mix'd with equal parts of Vinegar of Roses to anoint the Head after shaving; to abate the Vapours that ascend in burning-Fevers, which cause want of sleep and Deliriums. This Oyl is also mix'd in pain-easing and dissolving Lini∣ments and Cataplasmes, and to soften Emplaisters to give them the consistence of a Sear-cloth.

The preparation of this Oyl may serve as a rule for the preparation of those of Nymphaeae or Water-Lillies, Lillies, Violets, Chamomile, Melilot, Elder, Myrtle and the like.

Oleum Jasmini.

Oyl of Jessomines.

Take little Floks of white-Cotten carded, or else little pieces of Cloth whiten'd with Alum, which have no bad smell; and dip them slightly in oyl of Ben drawn without Fire, and having spread them in a Bason of white Earth, Tin, or Silver, strow them over with Jasmin-flowers newly gather'd about a fingers-breadth high: then covering the Bason with a Bason like the former, wrap them up in Woollen or coarse linen∣cloth. At the end of four hours take away the first Flowers, and put in fresh; renew∣ing the same operation every three or four hours ten or twelve times. Then put the pieces of cloth or floks of Cotton in a Press, and press out the oyl without any heat at all. This oyl will be impregnated with the scent of the Flowers and keep a long time, so the Viol be well-stopp'd.

The odours and vertues of Flowers of Jessomin are so volatile, that they will en∣dure no heat; so that it is to no more purpose to infuse or boil them, then it is to pre∣tend to impart their scent to any substance by the means of Fire or Distillation. Which engag'd Artists to seek out other ways and means wherein they have so well succeeded, that they are now able to impart their scent to Oyls, Pomatums, Gloves, and other Sub∣stances; observing the preceding method.

You may also instead of pieces of cloth, or floks of cotton dipp'd in Oyl of Ben, make use of the Fruit of Ben it self, grosly bruis'd, spreading it in a Bason, and covering it with Jasmine-flowers, after that with another Bason, proceeding in every thing as be∣fore, and the Oyl thus drawn without fire from the Ben thus perfum'd, will be as odo∣riferous, and keep as long.

You may also make use of Sweet-Almonds bruis'd or their Oyl: But still the Fruit of Ben, or its Oyl is better; because that the Oyl of Almonds being subject to grow rank, will spoil the scent of the Jasmins.

The Ancients and some of the Moderns direct the preparation of Oyl of Jessomines to be made by divers Infusions of the Flowers in Oyl of Sweet-Almonds, or Oyl of O∣lives, and to proceed after the same manner as for Oyl of Roses: But the little vertue and less use of the Oyl thus prepar'd will not permit any Artist to spend his time upon this preparation.

They also who have endeavour'd to extract Roses by distillation, proceeding as in the distillation of Roses, certainly will no longer adhere to that which is so remote from daily experience.

Oyls of Orange, Citron-flowers, Violets, Clove-Gillow-flowers, Roses and many others, may be extracted after the same manner, as that of Jessomines. Not but that these and other Flowers of a more compact substance will also yield their oyls by distil∣lation.

Oyl of Jessomines is principally esteem'd for its pleasing and delightful smell. And it is rather made use of for the pleasures of those that are in health, then for the cure of

the Sick; though the recreating scent may be of no small efficacy to fortifie the Brain and noble-parts.

Oleum Cydoneorum.	Oyl of Quinces.
℞. Cydoneorum nondum maturorum contu∣sorum, & Olei commums; an. lb iij.	℞. Quinces not fully ripe, bruis'd, and common-oyl, of each, lb iij.

Take the Quinces not fully ripe, and having bruis'd them in a Marble-Mortar, put them into an Earthen-pot glaz'd within, with a narrow mouth, together with the oyl prescrib'd, and having cover'd the Pot, keep it upon hot Embers for four and twenty hours, and in a boyling Balneo-Mariae for one good hour. Then strain and press forth the matters with a forcible strength. Then putting in the same quantity of fresh Quinces into the press'd oyl, and having repeated the same operations once again, separate the oyl from the feces and moisture, and keep it for use.

Oyl of Quinces is of a very temperate quality. It fortifies and closes; for which rea∣son it is an excellent remedie against weaknesses of the Stomach, Liver and Intestines. It also strengthens the lower region of the Belly, as also the Nerves and Muscles relax'd. It stays Vomiting; and is prevalent in case of Disenteries, Diarrheas, Lyenteries: It stops immoderate Sweats being apply'd upon the Brest, and all along the spine of the Back. It is principally made use of for outward Unction, though it may be tak'n in∣wardly if prepar'd with any oyl well chosen. It may be also mix'd from one ounce to two in astringent and detersive Clysters.

Oleum de Capparibus.		Oyl of Capers.
℞. Corticis Radicum Capparum & Fructuum eorundem, an.	℥ iiij.	℞. The Rind of the Roots of Capers, and Fruit of the same, an.	℥ iiij.
Corticis Radicum Tamarisci, & summita∣tum ejus Floridarum, an.	ʒ ij.	Rind of the Root of Tamarisk, and Flowr'd-tops of the same, an.	ʒ ij.
Foliorum Rutae recentium,		Fresh Leaves of Rue,
Cicutae,		Hemlock,
Ceterach,		Ceterach,
Seminis Agni Casti, &		Seeds of Agnus-Castus, and
Oculorum Gènistae, an.	℥ j.	Broom-Buttons, an.	℥ j.
Aceti fortis, &		Strong-Vinegar, and
Vini Albi, an.	lb ss.	White-wine,	lb ss.
Radicis Cyperis &		Root of Cyperus, and
Gentianae, an.	℥ ss.	Gentian, an.	℥ ss.
Olei Communis,	lb iij.	Common-oyl,	lb iij.

Neither new nor old Dispensatories afford a description of oyl of Capers rightly pre∣scrib'd; and therefore the Kings first Physitian thought fit that I should produce a new one, which has certainly all the vertues that Authors have attributed to this oyl.

Bruise the Roots of Capers, Tamarisk, Cyperus, and Gentian grosly, cut the Leaves and Stalks of the Plants; squash the Broom-Buttons and Capers in a Marble-Mortar, and in a little Brass-Mortar, beat the Seed of Agnus-Castus. And having put the whole into a glaz'd Earthen-pot with a straight-neck, among the Oyl, Vinegar, and White-Wine prescrib'd, cover the Pot and keep it upon the hot Cinders, for four and twenty hours; after which set it in a boyling-Bath till the Wine and Vinegar be almost consum'd. Then strain and press the whole with a violent strength, and when the oyl is well separated from the feces, put it up for use.

Oyl of Capers is very much commended against all pains of the Head, Spleen, and to dissolve schirrous humours that grow there. For it powerfully cuts, attenuates and discusses tenacious and rebellious humours. It opens the Pores of the Skin, and the parts which are underneath it; and dissipates the ventosities which are therein contained. The Region of the Spleen may be externally anointed with it.

The various Ingredients of this Composition might seen to require a different me∣thod for their Infusion and Decoction. But the cutting, opening and discussive qualities here desir'd cannot be grounded upon the volatil-parts which easily dissipate, but rather upon the fix'd, which lying long upon the Body, have time to produce their effects. The

infusion for twenty four hours, preceding the coction, sufficiently opens the Ingredients of more compact substances, whereby they are in a better capacity to impart their ver∣tue to the oyl. Besides that the infusion being made over a moderate fire in a close ves∣sel, and the Acid-parts of the Vinegar binding those few volatile-parts which they meet with in some few Medicaments, there is no fear of dissipation; so that there is no need of different infusions and decoctions, especially the compositions being only intended externally.

Oleum Mastichinum.		Oyl of Mastich.
℞. Mastichis electa,	℥ vj.	℞. Select Mastich,	℥ vj.
Olei Rosati,	lb ij.	Oyl of Roses,	lb ij.
Vini Generosi,	℥ ij.	Strong-wine,	℥ ij.

Having made choice of new clear Mastich, and grosly pulveriz'd it, put it into a strait-mouth'd earthen glaz'd-pot, and after you have pour'd upon it the oyl and the Wine prescrib'd and cover'd the pot, put it into a boyling Maries-Bath; and keep it there till the Mastich be altogether dissolv'd in the oyl. Then take the Vessel from the Fire, strain the dissolution through a small linen-bag, let it settle for some time, and ha∣ving separated that little watry-moisture that may remain behind, keep the oyl for your use.

The oyl of Mastich is fit to fortifie the Brain, the Nerves and Joynts. It is good a∣gainst weaknesses of the Stomach, and to stay Vomitings: it strengthens the Liver and appeases the pains of it. It is highly applauded against Dysenteries and Lienteries, whe∣ther you anoint the Stomach and Belly therewith, or mix it in Clysters from one ounce to two.

The oyl of Mastich has no need either of long or violent coction, it being a Gum that easily dissolves in oyl by reason of the similitude of their substance. That little Wine which is prescrib'd serves only to prevent the bad impression which the Mastich and oyl may receive from the Fire during coction. It was not thought convenient to put four ounces of Wine to a pint of oyl, and three ounces of Mastich, as some direct, nor to boyl it to the consumption of the Wine: which is not to be done without a remark∣able disposition of the volatile-parts of the Mastich, and a great alteration of the oyl: nor can there be any thing expected from the Wine whose volatile-part is soon con∣sum'd, the watry and terrestrial parts which remain being good for nothing.

Oleum Nardinum.		Oyl of Nard.
℞. Spica Nardi minutim incisae & contusae,	℥ iij.	℞. Spikenard cut small and bruis'd,	℥ iij.
Vini Generosi,	℥ iiij.	Strong-wine,	℥ iiij.

Take six ounces of Spikenard, and having bruis'd them in a great Brass-Mortar, put them into a straīt-mouth'd Earthen glaz'd-Pot, and having well moisten'd them with four ounces of good Strong-wine, cover the Pot and let them infuse in a temperate place:

Deinde superfundantur		Then add
Olei Communis,	lb jss.	Common-Oyl,	lb jss.

Stop up the Pot, and keep it in a boyling Maries-Bath till the Wine be almost consum'd. Af∣ter that strain and press the whole strongly, and having separated the oyl from the Feces, put it up for use.

The driness and hardness of the Spikenard is the reason of its being order'd to lye in maceration two hours, to soak, supple and open it, for the more easie penetration of the Oyl. But why the Ancients should prescribe but six ounces of Oyl to three of Spikenard is to me a wonder: For it is impossible that six ounces of Oyl can imbibe and retain all the vertue of three ounces of Spikenard. It being certain that when a Menstruum is sufficiently satiated with the substance which it is put to dissolve, it can

receive no more, especially when the substances are drye and able to imbibe a far greater quantity of the Menstruum; so that they had no reason to put nine Ounces of Spikenard to a pound and a half of Oyl, since three ounces are enough to charge that quantity of Oyl. Now though Spikenard be none of the meanest among Aroma∣tics, and that there may be some fear of a dissipation of its volatile parts during coction; yet when we consider, that though it be kept twenty years it still preserves its strong scent and taste, and that it is of a substance more compact then any other Aromatic, we cannot believe that by this Infusion and Coction in a boiling Bath it can lose any considerable part of its substance, but rather that it would be a difficult thing to impart the vertue of the Spikenard by a lesser heat.

This oyl is proper to heat, attenuate, and digest, being a moderate closer; so that it is very useful against cold and windy affections of the Brain, Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Kidneys, Bladder, and Matrix: It unstops and purges the Brain, being dipt with Cot∣ton, and put up the Nostrils, or into the Ears, the pains whereof it asswages. It is good against the Palsey, and shakings of the Nerves; against Tumours, Suffocations, and Stranglings of the Matrix, being us'd as a Pessary. It is also made use of by way of Injection, to asswage the pains of the Bladder.

Oleum Hyperici.		Oyl of S. John's Wort.
℞. Summitatum floridarum Hyperici ad ma∣turitatem vergentium,	lb ij.	℞. The Flower-tops of S. John's Wort in∣clining to ripeness,	lb ij.

Bruise them in a Marble-Mortar, and put them into a streight-mouth'd glaz'd Ear∣then-pot:

Tunc superfundantur,		Then add,
Olei communis,	lb iiij.	Common Oyl,	lb iiij.
Vini generosi,	lb ss.	Strong Wine,	lb ss.

Cover the Pot, and let it stand upon the hot Embers for four and twenty hours; then remove it into a Boiling-bath for two hours, stirring the Ingredients from time to time with a wooden Spatula; then strain and strongly press out the whole. In the mean time, having put the same quantity of the tops of S. John's Wort into the same Pot, and pour'd the: press'd oyl upon them, repeat the same Maceration, Coction, Straining and Pressing; and after you have well strain'd and press'd forth the whole, renew all the same operations a third time to new tops of S. John's Wort; then ha∣ving▪ separated the oyl from the faeces and moisture, incorporate it over a gentle fire with two pound of Venice-Turpentine, and when it is off the fire, mix with it three ounces of tincture of Saffron, and keep the oyl for use.

You shall ••ind the preparation of Tincture of Saffron in the Third Part of this Phar∣macopoea.

Oyl of S. John's Wort may be prepar'd without adding either Turpentine or Saffron, and it is call'd Hypericon Simple: But this is much better in all respects.

I might have here spoken against some descriptions of oyl of S. John's Wort, which are to be met with in sundry Authors; but I thought it sufficient to give a true one, not doubting but it will be preferr'd before any of those, the defects whereof the mean∣est Apothecary may easily understand.

Oyl of S. John's Wort thus prepar'd, may be accompted an Effectual Balsom; it heats, attenuates, dissipates and dries: whence it comes to pass, that it is very proper against all pains that proceed from cold, particularly against all sorts of infirmities in the joynts, the Sciatica, and all sorts of Gouts, as also to ease the pain of the Teeth. It is an excellent thing to heal all sorts of wounds, together with those of the Nerves, for it glutinates and cicatrizes; it likewise cures Burns: It is good against Worms, and the Convulsion: It is us'd externally to anoint the parts where there is occasion: It is also mix'd in Vulnerary Injections, in Digestives, in Cataplasmes, and many other External Remedies.

Oleum Irinum.		Oyl of Orrice.
℞. Radicum Ireos recentium minutim inci∣sarum, &		℞. New Roots of Orrice cut very small, and
Florum ejusdem, an.	℥ j ss.	Flowers of the same, an.	℥ j ss.
Olei communis,	lb v.	Common Oyl,	lb v.

Scrape and cut very small the Orrice-roots, by reason of the solidity of their sub∣stance; then put them together with the Flowers lightly cut, into a glaz'd Earthen∣pot; and having pour'd upon them the oyl prescrib'd, and cover'd the Pot, let it stand over hot Embers for twenty four hours, and afterwards in a boiling Bath for two hours; then strain and forcibly press out the whole: Reiterate twice the macera∣tion and decoction of new Roots and Flowers, doing in every thing as at first; then se∣parate the oyl from the faeces, and put it up. This oyl thus prepar'd, will be very much impregnated with the good scent and vertues of the Orrice.

There are some that in making the Infusions and Coctions of this Oyl mingle there∣with a Decoction of the Roots and Flowers of Orrice. But this Decoction would be so far from communicating any vertue, that it would be but a charge, in regard the Roots and Flowers have moisture enough, so that if you still add more, by consuming it among the Oyl, the scent and vertue of the whole would be notably diminish'd.

Oyl of Orrice powerfully heats, mollifies, attenuates, digests, and dissolves. It penetrates, concocts, and ripens matters that are gather'd together, dissipates pains in the Ears, corrects the stinking of the Nostrils, ripens Flegm, comforts the Asthma∣tics, and asswages the vehemency of coughing, being applyed to the breast. It dis∣cusses the swellings of the Kings-Evil, and hardnesses of the Spleen and Liver; as al∣so those of the Joints, the pains whereof it eases. It asswages the griping pains of the Intestines, especially those of the Ileon. It is good against the Dropsie, and esteem∣ed a specific against the Poyson of Hemlock, and Champignons, taken inwardly about two or three ounces. The same quantity may be also used in Clysters against Diseases of the Intestins.

Oleum Lumbricorum.		Oyl of Earth-worms.
℞. Lumbricorum terrestrium crassiorum loto∣rum, & Olei communis, an.	lb iij.	℞. Large Earth-worms, and Common Oyl, an.	lb iij.
Vini albi,	lb ss.	White-wine,	lb ss.

Chuse out large Earth-worms, and put them in an Earthen-pot cover'd for three days, to the end they may empty themselves of the Earth which they had swallow'd; wash them well, and having dry'd them in a clean Linen-cloth, put them into an Earthen glaz'd-pot, and having pour'd the Oyl and Wine prescrib'd upon them, and cover'd the Pot, let it stand upon the hot Embers for 24 hours; then for an hour in the boiling Bath, or till the greatest part of the moisture be consum'd. After which having strain'd, and forcibly press'd the whole, separate the Oyl from the faeces, and put it up.

Some add more Wine, but to little purpose; in regard that the moisture of the Worms is such, that the half-pint of Wine is more then enough already for their maceration and coction, and to impart their vertue withall to the Oyl.

The Oyl of Earth-worms is chiefly us'd against pains of the Joints. It is very pro∣per for the cure of Wounds, shrinking of the Nerves, and other Infirmities of the Nerves and Muscles. The use of it is only external.

Oleum Castorei.		Oyl of Castor.
℞. Pinguedinis in Cistide vero Castoreo adhe∣renti contentiae,		℞. Of the Fat in the Vesicle adhering to the true Castoreum,
Vini generosi, an	℥ iij.	Strong Wine, an,	℥ iij.
Olei communis,	lb j.	Common Oyl,	lb j.

Macerate them in a glaz'd Earthen-Vessel close shut for 24 hours, then set them in a Bath between luke-warm and boiling hot till the Wine be consum'd: Then having strain'd and se∣parated the Oyl from the faeces, keep it for use.

The Unctuous Liquor contain'd apart in a Vesicle within the Bags of the Casto∣reum; seems to have been chiefly design'd for the preparation of this Oyl, by reason of its fat substance which has some resemblance to Oyl, which the fleshy substance of Castoreum hath not.

The scent of this unctuons part is penetrating and noysom, and very like that of the fleshy part, so that the vertues of it are not much inferiour, especially for external application; and certainly the three ounces here prescrib'd must be as much or more effectual, then one ounce of the fleshy part, which some Authors have thought enough for the same quantity of oyl.

We meet with, in some Authors, descriptions of an Oyl of Castor, compos'd of se∣veral Aromatics, and some watry Gums, the vertue of which they pretend to extract by adding a great quantity of Wine; not considering that watry Gums, though dis∣solveable in Wine, cannot incorporate with the oyl, but only give it some impression of their vertue, to which the quantity of Wine so excessive is but injurious, in regard the Wine must be consum'd, and in consuming, it certainly carries with it the best part of the Gums, as also of the Aromatics, which is still the more Volatile. For that rea∣son they had done much better, not to use above an ounce of Wine, and only enough to prevent the Empyreuma of the substances; and to endeavour by a long Maceration, and a slow boiling, to extract the vertues of those Aromatics; and some few drops of the distill'd oyls of the principal Aromatics which they prescribe, would work a better effect among the oyl of Castor, then all the Macerations and Decoctions of oyl of Castor which they could prescribe.

Oyl of Castor is highly commended in cold diseases of the Brain, against the trem∣blings and contractions of the Nerves, Convulsions, and the Palsie, being apply'd by way of Unction upon the Nerves, and principally all along the Back-bone. It is a sin∣gular Remedy also against the tremblings and quiverings of Agues.

Oleum Scorpionum Simplex.		Simple Oyl of Scorpions.
℞. Olei Amygdalarum amararum,	lb iij.	℞. Oyl of bitter Almonds,	lb iij.
Scorpiones vivos,	No. Lx.	Live-Scorpions,	No. Lx.

Put the Oyl of Almonds into a glaz'd Earthen-pot with a close mouth, and then set the Pot in a boiling Mary's Bath; and when the oyl is very hot, plunge into it sixty the fairest and most vigorous live-Scorpions that can be got, and adding thereto eight ounces of good Wine, and having stopt the pot, let it boil till the moisture be almost consum'd: then strain and press the Scorpions very well; and after you have separated the Oyl from the Feces, put it up for use.

It is a hard matter rightly to prepare Oyl of Scorpions but near those places where the Scorpions breed, because they cannot be carry'd far, but the most of them will die by the way; and therefore it is better to intrust some faithful friend to make it upon the place, then to imploy decay'd and languishing Scorpions, or such as dy'd by the way, which besides the diminution of their vertue, may chance to be putrifi'd. In the mean time, I do not find that the Precepts of the Ancients for the preparation of this Oyl had much of judgment in them, who direct a Maceration of the Scorpions in the Oyl during the Dog-days, and then to strain and press the Oyl: For it is impossible that the Sun should heat the Oyl in such sort, as to inable it to penetrate the Scorpions, which are cover'd with a scaly hard skin, especially in our Climate; where though the Sun were able to heat the oyl to such a degree as to wake it penetrate the Scorpions, it could not be able to consume the viscous moisture which is in their bodies, which com∣ing to putrifie, alters the good qualities of the Animals, and causes the Oyl to stink in∣supportably; which being consider'd, this Preparation must certainly be adjudg'd the best in all respects.

Oyl of Scorpions is esteem'd against detention of Urine: some Authors believe it able to dissolve the Stone in the Kidneys, as also in the Bladder, being apply'd outward∣ly, or injected into the Bladder. It is made use of with success against the stinging of Scorpions; it is also very good against the Plague and Poyson, not only by outward anointing, but taken inwardly from half a dram to two drams.

Oleum Scorpionum compositum.		Compound Oyl of Scorpions.
℞. Olei veteris,	lb vj.	℞. Old Oyl,	lb vj.
Foliorum Hyperici recentium,	M. iiij.	Fresh Leaves of Saint-John's wort,	M. iiij.
Summitatum Chamaedryos,		Tops of Germander,
Calaminthi,		Calaminth,
Cardui Benedicti, an.	M. j.	Carduus Benedictus, an.	M. j.

Gather the Saint-John's-wort, Germander, Calamint, and Carduus-Benedictus pre∣scrib'd, and having bruis'd them in a Marble-Mortar, put them into a strait-mouth'd glaz'd Earthen-pot, and pour upon them six Pints of Oyl of two or three years old, well depurated. Stop the Pot, and expose it to the Sun for twelve days; and after that set it in Balneo Mariae lukewarm for three days; then let it boil for an hour, and having strain'd and press'd out the whole,

Tunc	Then
℞. Florum Hyperici Recentium rejectis stipiti∣bus contusorum, M. vj.	℞. Flowers of Saint-John's-wort, fresh and cleans'd from their Stalks. M. vj.

Bruise them in a Marble-Mortar, put them in the Pot, and pour upon them the press'd oyl of the first infusion; and having well-stopp'd the Pot, expose it to the Sun for twelve days; at the end whereof, having kept the Pot three days in the luke-warm Bath, and afterwards in the boiling Bath for the space of an hour, strain and forcibly express the whole as at first.

Expressioni eodem vase exceptae adde	To the Expression in the same Vessel add
Granorum Hyperici floribus spoliatorum, se∣mine turgentium, contusorum, M. ix.	Of the round heads of Saint John's-wort, without the Flowers, full of seed, and bruis'd, M. ix.

Repeat Insolation, Maceration, Coction, Straining, and Pressing as before:

His{que} peractis,		Which done,
℞. Foliorum Scordii recentis,	M. j ss.	℞. Leaves of Water-Germander,	M. j ss.
Calaminthae,		Calamint,
Cardui Benedicti,		Blessed Thistle,
Verbeniae,		Vervain,
Dictamni Cretici, &		Tops of Cretan Dittany, and
Comarum Centaurii minoris, an.	M. ss.	Lesser Centaury, an.	M. ss.
Radicum Zedoariae,		Roots of Zedoary,
Dictamni albi,		White Dittany,
Gentianae,		Gentian,
Tormentillae,		Tormentil,
Aristolochiae Rotundae, an.	ʒ iij.	Round Birthwort, an.	ʒ iij.

Bruise them all, put them into the Pot with the oyl press'd forth, stop the Pot and keep it three days in the luke-warm Bath; afterwards let it boil an hour, and strain and press forth the Ingredients.

Tunc,	Then,
R. Scorpiones trecentos diebus Canicularibus captos.	R. Three hundred Scorpions taken in the Dog-days.

Put them in the Pot that serv'd for the other Infusions, and set it upon very hot Em∣bers, often stirring the Scorpions, and stirring them one upon another, till the Scor∣pions begin to sweat and be angry, then pour upon them the last Expression, and having stopp'd the Pot, keep it 24 Hours in the luke-warm Bath; and afterwards having let it boil about an hour, strain and strongly press the Scorpions; then throw them away, and keep the Oyl.

Tandem,		Lastly,
R. Cinnamomi Electi,	ʒ ix.	R. Select Cinamon,	ʒ ix.
Styracis Calamitae,		Calamite-Storax,
Benzoyni, an.	ʒ vj.	Benjamin, an.	ʒ vj.
Baccarum Juniperi,		Juniper-Berries,
Santali Citrini,		Yellow Saunders,
Theriacae,		Treacle,
Mithridatii, an.	℥ ss.	Mithridate, an.	℥ ss.
Rhabarbari,		Rhubarb,
Myrrhae Electae,		Select Myrrh,
Aloes Succotrinae, an.	ʒ iij.	Aloes Succotrine, an.	ʒ iij.
Nardi Indicae,		Indian Nard,
Nigellae Romanae, an.	ʒ ij.	Roman Fennel-flower, an.	ʒ ij.
Junci Odorati,		Camels-hay,
Cyperi,		Cyperus,
Croci, an.	ʒ j ss.	Saffron, an.	ʒ j ss.

Beat all these together, except the Treacle and Mithridate, and put them into the Pot with the Treacle and Mithridate, and the Expression of the oyl; then stop the Pot, and keep it four and twenty hours in Balneo Mariae luke-warm; after that, cause the Bath to boil for about half an hour, and then strain and press the whole violently through a strong close-woven linen-cloth; and having separated the oyl from the feces, keep it in a Bottle close-stopp'd.

The Quantities of the Ingredients that compound this oyl, are very like to those in the Receipt which Matthiolus has left us. The greatest alteration is in the oyl, which is here with great reason augmented to half as much again. For besides that it is impos∣sible that three pints of oyl should imbibe and retain the Vertues of so many Ingredients, the greatest part of the oyl would be wasted in so many re-iterated strainings and ex∣pressions: and it is well if after all is done, you find five pints of the six here prescrib'd. You shall find also the times and number of the Infusions lessen'd; and it had not been amiss to have taken away more, considering the various parts of the Hypericon, which are to be us'd; which being not to be gather'd, but at several times, force us to prolong the Infusions, and to stay till the Dog-days, which is the time appointed to take the Scor∣pions. As to the Treacle and Mithridate, which Matthiolus would have left in the oyl after all the other Operations are ended, I say, that besides that they are able to com∣municate their vertue to the oyl without leaving it in the substance, certain it is that they would lye like Mud at the bottom of the oyl, without any addition to the vertue of the oyl; whereas according to this Method the oyl will be pure and sightly, and al∣together as effectual. It is also very proper to reserve all the Aromatics till the last Infusion, and give them less heat, to avoid the dissipation of their principal volatile parts. Nor is there any need of Wine, in regard the Hypericon and other Plants afford all that moisture which is requisite, for all the Insolations, Macerations, and Coctions prescrib'd; besides that this moisture is also augmented by that of the Scorpions, which afford enough not only for their boiling, but also to hinder the dissipation of the Sul∣phury parts of the Aromatics.

This oyl being apply'd to the Arteries of the Temples, the Wrists, the Feet, the No∣strils, the Region of the Heart, and the Pit of the Stomach, by often anointing, every three hours, and taken inwardly twice a day, from half a scruple to half a dram, is highly commended against all sorts of Poysons and Venoms, especially those that are not cor∣rosive; against the bitings of Vipers and Asps, and all sorts of venemous Animals; to preserve from and cure the Pestilence. It is also successfully made use of against the Small-Pox, the Meazles, and in all Epidemic Diseases: As also against the Epilepsie, the Palsie, and most part of the Infirmities of the Brain. But particularly against Worms, and against the Poyson of Wolfs-bane, and other Aconites.

Oleum Vulpinum.	Oyl of Foxes.
℞, Vulpem adultam, pelle exutam, exentera∣tam, & in partes dissectam,	℞. A young-grown sat Fox, flea'd, disim∣bowell'd, and cut into pieces,
Salis communis, ℥ iiij.	Common Salt, ℥ iiij.
Aquae Fontanae, q. s. ad Vulpis coctionem.	Fountain-water, as much as will serve to boil the Fox.

Boil the pieces in an Earthen-pot glaz'd within, and cover'd, over a gentle fire, till the flesh come from the bones; strain the broth, and throw away the squeez'd flesh of the Fox.

Tunc		Then
℞. Summitatum Thymi, &		℞. Tops of Thyme, and
Anethi recentium, an.	M ij.	Dill fresh gather'd,	M ij.
Salviae,		Sage,
Rorismarini, &		Rosemary, and
Chamaepityos, an.	M j.	Ground-Pine, an.	M j.
Olei communis,	lb iiij.	Common Oyl,	lb iiij.

Return the Broth into the Pot; and having put in the Herbs, and the Oyl prescrib'd, cover the Pot very close; and after you have let it stand 24 hours in the luke-warm Bath, make the Bath boil for two hours together; then having strain'd and strongly press'd out the whole substance, and separated the Oyl from the Feces, put it up for your use.

Though the Ancients in the preparation of this Oyl, boil'd the Fox in Oyl, adding water and salt requisite; yet the Method of boiling the Fox first in water and salt, is in my opinion much better, as well to prevent the alteration of the Oyl by the fire by a long Coction, as for the more plentiful extraction of the succulent Juice of the Fox, which dissolves more easily in salt without oyl, then if the oyl were mingl'd with it. As for the Aromatic Herbs, their vertue exhales far less, being sufficiently imparted to the oyl by their Infusion, and boiling in the oyl and broth, then if you should have put them in at the beginning to boil with the Fox, as the Ancients direct.

Oyl of Fox powerfully digests and discusses cold humours that fall upon the nervous and membranous parts. It is proper against all cold infirmities of the Joynts, against Rheumatismes, Sciatica's, and cold Gouts. It may be apply'd hot upon the parts alone, or mix'd with other Unguents, or proper oyls.

Oleum Viperinum.		Oyl of Vipers.
℞. Viperas viventes magnas pingues & vivi∣das,	No xij.	℞. Live Vipers, large, fat, and vigorous,	No. xij.
Olei communis purissimi,	lb ij.	Pure common Oyl,	lb ij.
Vini Albi generosi,	℥ ij.	Strong White-wine,	℥ ij.

Pour the oyl into a glaz'd Earthen-pot with a narrow mouth, and let it boil in a hot Bath till you cannot endure your finger in it; then plunge the Vipers, one after a∣nother, into the oyl: when they are stifl'd, pour in the Wine prescrib'd, cover the Pot, and set it a-boiling, till the moisture of the Vipers be almost consum'd; then having strain'd and strongly press'd forth the whole, and separated the oyl from the feces, keep it for use.

Oyl of Vipers is principally commended against the deformities of the skin, as Tet∣ters, Scurf, and Leprous Ulcers. It is also highly esteem'd against those Ulcers which are caus'd by the Venereal Poyson. The use of it is External, us'd alone, or in Lini∣ments, or in Pomatums. It is also recommended to asswage the pain of the Emrods, and to facilitate the delivery of Women, the whole Region of the Belly being a∣nointed therewith.

Oyl of Serpents may be prepar'd after the same method, proportionating the Oyl to their largeness and thickness; and you may make use of it for the same purposes, though you cannot expect the same effects as from Oyl of Vipers.

Oleum Lacertarum.		Oyl of Lizards.
℞. Olei expressi Nucum jnglandium depu∣rati,	lb iij.	℞. Press'd Oyl of Wallnuts depurated,	lb iij.
Vini Albi,	℥ iij.	White-wine,	℥ iij.

Put them into a glaz'd Earthen-Pot with a narrow mouth, set it in Balneo Mariae, and boil the Ingredients till you cannot endure the heat with your Finger.

Tunc	Then
Accipe Lacertas, viventes, virides, & vivi∣das, No xij. vel xv. vel xx. pro ratione magnitudinis.	Take live, green, vigorous Lizards No xij. or xv. or xx. as they are in bigness.

Suffocate them in the scalding Oyl, and having well-stopp'd the Pot, boyl them to the consumption of their moisture, then strain and press them, and reserve the pure oyl.

'Tis impossible to limit the number of Lizards, by reason some are bigger some less; and therefore it is left to the judgment of the Artist to take no more than will suffice for the oyl. But take heed of the Directions of the Ancients in the ••••mposi∣tion of their oyl, as well as of those of Vipers and Serpents, who after they 〈◊〉〈◊〉 stifled these Animals in the oyl expos'd them to the Sun. For they presently putrifie, and infect the oyl with an insupportable stink, so far they are from communicating any vertue to it: which is prevented this way.

Oyl of Lizards has been recommended from time to time to make the Hair grow. It is a specific to cure the descent of the Intestines or Burstness. To which purpose, first put up the Bowel in its place, and anoint the part with this oyl warm'd: Then laying upon it the Pannicle that invelops the Intestines of any Animal whatever, moisten it with this oyl, and strow it over with some astringent powder, binding on a good Pillow to keep the Bowel tite. This passes currant for a certain Remedy, the Tryal whereof can do no hurt.

Oleum Myrrhae per deliquium.	Oyl of Myrrh by draining.
℞. Ova Recentia No xij. vel quantum li∣buerit.	℞. New-laid Eggs No xij. or what you please.

Harden the Eggs in boiling-Water, take off the Shells, and slit the Eggs full in the middle from one end to the other; then put into the Concavities of the Whites powder of Myrrh finely pulveriz'd; then join both pieces together, and having bound them lightly together with a string, hang them up in a Cellar, or a cool place, with a Vessel under them, for the liquor to drop into them, which will be a dissolu∣tion of a good part of the Myrrh in the watry part of the white of the Eggs. Pour this Liquor into a little Glass-Cucurbit, and having plac'd it in a Balneo Mariae luke∣warm, evaporate about a fourth part, which is only the superfluous moisture, that would have putrifi'd the oylie Liquor, by any long continuance with it.

Oyl of Myrrh is recommended against all deformities of the Skin. It is us'd with advantage to take away blemishes and scars in the Face; as also to cure the Itch, Tet∣ters, and Ulcers. It is onely for external uses, either alone, or mix'd with Pomatums and vulnerary Injections.

Both the old and new Dispensatories are cramm'd with Receipts of several other Oyls, highly commended by the Inventer, but I thought it not convenient to swell this Phar∣macopoea with any more to little purpose.

CHAP. III. Of Balsomes.

THe great Affinity that Balsoms have with Oyls, is the reason that I thought it re∣quisite to treat of their preparations in the next place. Balsoms are either Na∣tural, or Artificial: Those which are Natural I pass over, as having no need of prepa∣ration. Artificial Balsoms are compound Remedies, most commonly externally ap∣ply'd, some of which are of a consistence more solid then that of ordinary Oyntments, and are prepar'd principally for their good odour, and to recreate and fortifie the No∣ble parts: Others are more liquid, of a consistence between Oyls and Liniments, the principal use whereof is for wounds, though they are prepar'd for the most part of diseases, for which Liniments and Oyntments are prepar'd.

There are also distill'd Balsoms compos'd of several Aromatics, and divers distill'd Oyls; but these are rather Chymical then Galenical, and rather for inward then out∣ward application; and it would be to little purpose to insert preparations in this Pharmacopoea, seldom us'd, which may be found in a great number of Dispensatories.

Press'd Oyl of Nutmegs, by reason of its solidity, when it is grown thick, is the most usual Basis of all odoriferous Balsoms, to stop the fluidity of the distill'd Oyls which compose them, and to prevent the Balsom from running about the Pockets of those that carry them. But in Balsoms where odour is not minded so much as the sa∣ving of expence, sometimes white Wax is us'd, and sometimes Lambs or Kids fat; sometimes Deer's or Veal-Marrow, and sometimes Manna in Tears. And because it is sometimes desir'd that these substances should be altogether void of scent, to the end that not being able to impart of themselves, they may be fit to receive the odours of distill'd oyls, or other Aromatic substances, we make use of Spirit of Wine tartariz'd, which we pour upon the oyl of Nutmegs, or upon the Wax, Fats or Marrows, about a fingers-breadth above the Matters, and after three days digestion, draw off the Spirit of Wine with a gentle fire, by that means finding a white matter at the bottom void of scent.

Balsamum Apoplecticum.		Apoplectic Balsom.
℞. Olei Nucis Moschatae expressi,	℥ j.	℞. Press oyl of Nutmegs,	℥ j.
Resina Styracis,	ʒ ij.	Rosin of Storax,	ʒ ij.
Balsami Indici,		Indian-Balsom,
Ambregrisiae, an.	ʒ j ss.	Ambergrise, an.	ʒ j ss.
Zibethi Veri,	℈ iiij.	True Civet,	℈ iiij.
Moschi Orientalis,	ʒ j.	Oriental Musk,	ʒ j.
Olei succini rectificati,	ʒ ss.	Rectifi'd oyl of Amber,	ʒ ss.
Olei Cinnamomi stillatitii,	℈ j.	Distill'd oyl of Cinnamon,	℈ j.
Oleorum stillatitiorum Lavendulae,		Distill'd oyls of Lavender,
Majoranae,		Marjoram,
Rutae,		Rue,
Caryophyllorum, an.	gr. xv.	Cloves, an.	gr. xv.
Citri,		Citron,
Arantiorum, &		Oranges, and
Ligni Rhodii, an.	℈ ss.	Lignum Rhodium, an.	℈ ss.
Gagatis,	gr. vj.	Agate,	gr. vj.

Having finely powder'd the Musk and Ambergrise in a little Brass-Mortar, mixing therewith the least drop of one of the distill'd oyls, melt the oyl of Nutmegs in a Silver-spoon over a very soft fire, and when it is melted, and half cool again, incor∣porate with it the Rosine of Storax, the Balsom of Peru, the Musk and Ambergrise; then add the Civet, and the distill'd oyls, and having well mix'd them, the Balsom is made.

They who have a warm hand, and can have the patience, may mix all the Ingredients in the palm of their hands, first melting the oyl of Nutmegs by degrees, by tempering it, and pressing it with a Silver-Spatula against the palm of the hand; then mixing first

the Storax and Balsom, afterwards the Musk, Ambergrise, and Civet, and lastly, the distill'd Oyls; by this means the Balsom will be less in danger to lose its subtle parts, then by making use of the fire.

This Balsom bears the Name of Apoplectick, by reason it is a great Remedy against Apoplexies, and all diseases of the Brain, which it powerfully fortifies, together with all the Noble parts. It is also highly recommended for its excellent Odour, as being not only delightful, but a great preservative against ill smells and pestilential Air. It operates in a small quantity, never carrying above half a grain at a time, when only for the odours sake: But several times as much may be us'd in diseases of the Brain, to anoint the Temples, and Sutures of the head, or to put into the Ears with a little Musk'd Cotton.

Balsamum aliud Apoplecticum.		Another Apoplectic Balsom.
℞. Olei Nucis Moschatae expressi, &		℞. Press'd oyl of Nutmegs, and
Carae Albae, an.	℥ j.	White Wax, an.	℥ j.
Oleorum Rorismarini,		Oyls of Rosemary,
Salviae,		Sage,
Lavendulae,		Lavender,
Succini,		Amber,
Rutae,		Rue,
Majoranae,		Marjoram,
Gagatis,		Jet,
Caryophyllorum, an.	ʒ j.	Cloves, an.	ʒ j.
Balsami Peruviani,	ʒ ij.	Balsom of Peru,	ʒ ij.

This Balsom is to be prepar'd like the former, the first way; though it might be done the second, not making above the eighth part at a time.

This Balsom has not so pleasing a scent as the former, but it is of great vertue a∣gainst all diseases of the Head, and against Pestilential Air. It is also good to suppress the vapours of the Matrix.

Balsamum Hypnoticum.		A Balsom to provoke Sleep.
℞. Olei Nucis Moschatae expressi, &		℞. Press'd oyl of Nutmegs, and
Ʋnguenti Populei, an.	℥ j.	Unguentum Populeum, an.	℥ j.
Medull•• Cervinae,		Deer's Marrow,
Olei Rosati, &		Oyl of Roses, and
Nymphaaeae, an.	ʒ iij.	Water-Lilleys, an.	ʒ iij.
Oleorum expressorum seminis Hyoscyami, &		Press'd oyls of Henbane-seed, and
Papaveris Albi,		White-Poppies,
Extracti Opii, &		Extract of Opium, and
Croci, an.	ʒ ij.	Saffron, an.	ʒ ij.
Ambraegrisiae,		Ambergrise,
Moschi,		Musk,
Zibethi, &		Civet,
Olei stillatitii Ligni-Rhodii, an. gr.	viij.	Distill'd oyl of Lignum-Rhodium, an.	gr. viij.

Moisten the Extracts of Opium and Saffron with never so little good Spirit of Wine, then incorporate them by degrees over a gentle fire with the oyl of Nutmegs, Deers Marrow, and Poplar oyntment; after that, add the oyls, and lastly the Ambergrise, pulveriz'd and incorporated with the Civet. This Balsom was invented gently to pro∣voke Sleep, and to asswage the pains of the Head that accompany continual Fevers, and sometimes intermitting: To which purpose, put up a small quantity into the No∣strils, or into the Ears, you may also anoint the Temples and Wrists, and rub the Soles of the Feet: It may be also us'd among Medicaments for Frontals, dry or moist, rub∣bing the out-side of the Frontal with it, which ought to be apply'd to the Forehead, and ought to contain the Ingredients of the Frontal.

Balsamum Stomachicum.		A Balsom for the Stomach.
℞. Olei Nucis Moschatae expressi,	℥ ij.	℞. Press'd oyl of Nutmegs,	℥ ij.
Absinthii Vulgaris,		Oyls of common Wormwood,
Mastichini,		Mastich,
Nardini, &		Nard, and
Cerae Albae, an.	ʒ vj.	White Wax, an.	ʒ vj.
Oleorum Stillatitiorum Absinthii,		Distill'd Oyls of Wormwood,
Mentae Crispae,		Crisped Mint,
Cinnamomi,		Cinnamon,
Caryophyllorum,		Cloves,
Thymi, &		Thyme, and
Macis, an.	ʒ j.	Mace, an.	ʒ j.

The preparation of this Balsom requires no more, then to melt the white VVax and the Oyl of Nutmegs over a very gentle fire, and to incorporate the Oyls prescrib'd, when they are off from the fire.

It is very proper to heat and fortifie the Stomach, so that it may be advantageously made use of to stay Vomiting, help Digestion, create an Appetite, asswage pains of the Stomach, Colics, and Dysenteric Gripes: It is also very effectual in cold distempers of the Brain and Nerves, the parts being anointed therewith.

Balsamum Uterinum.		A Balsom for the Womb.
℞. Sevi Hircini,	℥ ij.	℞. Goats Tallow,	℥ ij.
Lachrymarum Galbani, &		Tears of Galbanum, and
Assae-faetidae,		Assa-faetida,
Pinguedinis in Cystide Castoreorum conten∣tae, an.	ʒ j ss.	The fat contain'd in the Vesicle of the Castors, an.	ʒ j ss.
Oleorum Stillatitiorum succini,		Oyls distill'd of Amber,
Gagatis,		Jet,
Rutae, &		Rue, and
Subinae, an.	ʒ ij.	Savine, an.	ʒ ij.

Heat a Brass-Mortar to a moderate degree of heat, and having incorporated them with the unctuous part of the Castor, and the distill'd oyls, melt the Goats Tallow in a small Frying-pan, and when it is half cold, mix all together.

This Balsom apply'd hot to the hollow pit of the Navel, covering the part at the same time with the half of a Wall-nut-shell, is an excellent Remedy against the va∣pours of the Matrix, the pains whereof it asswages. You may also put up never so little into the Nostrils, and anoint the out-side of the throat therewith. It is also good to provoke the Menstruums.

Balsamum pro puerulis dentientibus.		A Balsom for Children breeding Teeth.
℞. Butyri Mayalis non saliti,	℥ iij.	℞. May-Butter without any Salt,	℥ iij.
Pinguedinis Gallinae, &		Hen's fat, and
Anatis, an.	ʒ ij.	Duck's fat, an.	ʒ ij.
Succi Cancrorum fluviatilium contusorum cum aqua florum Cyani extracti, &		Juice of River-crabs bruis'd, extracted with water of Blew-bottle flowers, and
Mucilaginis Radicis Althaae, an.	℥ ij.	Muscilage of the Root of Althea, an.	℥ ij.

Beat two or three River-crabs in a Marble-Mortar with a wooden-Pestle, and ha∣ving moisten'd them with a little Blew-bottle water, press out two ounces of the Juice: Prepare also two ounces of Muscilage of Marshmallow-roots, put them together with the May-Butter, Hens and Ducks Grease, into a glaz'd Earthen-pot, and boil them over a gentle fire, to the consumption of half the moisture; then strain them, and add,

Sacchari Candi subtiliter pulverat.	℥ iiij.	Sugar-Candy finely powder'd,	℥ iiij.
Vitellum unum Ovi,		One Yolk of an Egg,
Moschi, &		Musk, and
Ambraegrisiae, an.	gr. vj.	Ambergrise, an.	gr. vj.

Incorporate them well together, and the Balsom is made.

This Balsom has been experimented for its Excellency, to soften the Gums of In∣fants, whose Teeth are ready to cut: Their Nurses must be careful to anoint them of∣ten. The use of it is no way inconvenient, for being pleasing to the taste, it can do no harm, though it be swallow'd.

Balsamum Egregium pro Manibus.		An Incomparable Balsom for the Hands.
℞. Saponis Veneti ex succo Limonum diluti,	lb ss.	℞. Venice-Sope dissolv'd in Juice of Le∣mons,	lb ss.
Mellis Virginii albi,	ʒ ij;	White Virgin-Honey,	℥ ij.
Talci Veneti,		Venetian-Talk,
Sacchari-Candi, &		Sugar-Candy, and
Radicis Ireos subtiliter pulveratorum, an.	℥ ss.	Root of Ireos, or Orrice, purely pow∣der'd, an.	℥ ss.
Salis Tartari,		Salt of Tartar,
Boracis, &		Borax, and
Spermatis Cete recentis, an.	ʒ ij.	Sperma-Cete, an.	ʒ ij.
Balsami Peruviani,	ʒ j.	Peruvian-Balsom, an.	ʒ j.
Olei Ligni-Rhodii,		Oyl of Lignum-Rhodium,
Cinnamomi,		Cinnamon,
Caryophillorum, an.	℈ ss.	Cloves, an.	℈ ss.
Moschi Orientalis,		Oriental Musk,
Ambraegrisiae, an.	gr. xij.	Ambergrise,	gr. xij.

Cut the Sope small, and put it into a glaz'd Earthen-pot, and dissolve it over a gen∣tle fire in two ounces of Juice of Lemons; then add the Honey, the Sperma-Cete next, with the Balsom: then take the Pot off the fire, and by degrees incorporate the Powders; and lastly, the Musk, Ambergrise, and distill'd oyls.

The Talk is easily powder'd, being first laid before a quick fire for a quarter of an hour, and then beaten in a Mortar heated with a hot Pestle, and then sifted.

This Balsom whitens, cleanses, and smooths the Skin, beyond any paste or Pomatum that can be prepar'd. 'Tis enough to rub the hands with it; nor is there any need of washing afterwards.

Balsamum Sulphuris commune.		Common Balsom of Sulphur.
℞. Olei nucum juglandium expressi,	lb ss.	℞. Press'd oyl of Wall-nuts,	lb ss.
Florum Sulphuris,	℥ j.	Flowers of Sulphur,	℥ j.
Salis Tartari,	℈ ij.	Salt of Tartar,	℈ ij.
Vini Albi,	℥ ij.	White-wine,	℥ ij.

Put the Flowers of Sulphur, and the Salt of Tartar, into a small glass-Cucurbit, and pour upon them the Oyl, and the White-wine: mix them well together, and set the Cucurbit over a gentle fire of Digestion for eight hours, stirring the Ingredients from time to time; then augment the fire, and boil the Balsom till the moisture be almost consum'd. Take the Cucurbit from the fire, and when the Cucurbit is cold, separate the Balsom by Inclination from the Faeces, and keep it in a Glass-bottle strong, and close stopt.

The Salt of Tartar is added to assist the dissolution of the Flowers of Sulphur, and to heighten the red colour of the Balsom.

This Balsom of Sulphur is highly commended to digest, and discuss crude matters ga∣ther'd

together in any part of the body. It is only us'd externally, and it is the Basis of Emplastrum Diasulphuris.

Some make use of Oyls of Sweet-Almonds, white Poppy-seeds, or Turpentine, in∣stead of Oyl of Wall-nuts.

Others also that make it a Compound Balsom, add Myrrh, Aloes, Saffron, and se∣veral other Ingredients; which since there is no necessity of them, I omit for bre∣vities sake.

Balsamum Sulphuris Anisatum.		Balsom of Sulphur with Anniseed.
℞. Florum Sulphuris,	℥ j.	℞. Flowers of Sulphur,	℥ j.
Olei seminis Anisi expressi,	℥ vj.	Press'd Oyl of Anniseed,	℥ vj.

Put them into a Matrass, stop it exactly, and set it in digestion over a moderate fire, till the Flowers of Sulphur be almost quite dissolv'd in the Oyl. Take off the Matrass; and when the Ingredients are cool, separate the Balsom by inclination from the Feces, and put it up in a Bottle well stopt.

The volatility of the Oyl of Annise requires that the Matrass should be well stopt; but you must be careful, in the time of digestion, to shake the substances often to hasten the dissolution of the Flowers.

Distill'd Oyl of Anniseed would do better; but being more volatile, and subject to dissipation, and it being impossible to shut the Matrass so close, but that the Balsom would be wasted in quantity, we are forc'd to use the other.

Some believe this Balsom little inferiour to natural Balsom, because it moderately heats, and dries, and preserves from Corruption. It is highly recommended in infirmi∣ties of the Breast, chiefly against Coughs, Asthma's, Pleurisies, and Ulcers of the Lungs: It is very good against weaknesses and indigestion of the Stomach, it restores the Appetite, dissipates Wind. It is highly recommended also against the Pestilence, and all Epidemic Diseases, Venereal Distempers, continual and remitting Fevers. It is taken inwardly in convenient Liquors, from three to ten or twelve drops. For infirmities of the Stomach, and Colics, you may anoint the Stomach and Navel therewith.

Balsamum Arcaei.		Arceus's Balsom.
℞. Sevi Hircini,	lb ij.	℞. Goats Grease,	lb ij.
Terebinthinae Venetae, &		Venice-Turpentine, &
Gummi Elemmi, an.	lb i ss.	Gum Elemmi, an.	lb i ss.
Axungiae Porci,	lb j.	Hogs fat,	lb j.

Melt the Gum over a very gentle fire, cut before into small pieces; then add the Turpentine, the Goats Tallow, and Hogs Grease; and when they are all well dissolv'd, strain them through a new Cloth, to separate the filth of the Gum, if there be any: When it is cold, put it up for use.

.Arceus's Balsom is very much esteem'd and us'd to incarnate and consolidate all sorts of Wounds and Ulcers; as also for Fractures and Dislocations of the Bones, and to heal Contusions, and hurts of the Nerves. This Balsom is very much us'd, though the Receipt be in few Dispensatories.

Balsamum Hispanicum.		The Spanish Balsom.
℞. Frumenti integri,		℞. Whole Wheat,
Radicum Valerianae, &		Roots of Valerian, and
Cardui Benedicti contusarum, an.	℥ j.	Blessed-thistle bruis'd, an.	℥ j.
Vini Albi,	lb j.	White-wine,	lb j.

Put them into a narrow-mouth'd glaz'd Earthen-pot, and set it, being close stopt, 24 hours in Maceration; then adding six ounces of Oyl of S. John's Wort, boil them

in a hot Balneum Mariae, to the consumption of the Wine, then strain and press out the whole.

Postea		Afterwards
℞. Thuris electi, subtiliter pulverati,	℥ ij.	℞. Select Frankincense finely pulveriz'd,	℥ ij.
Terebinth. Venet.	℥ viij.	Venice-Turpentine,	℥ viij.

Melt them together, by degrees, over a gentle fire, and mix them with the aforesaid Oyl; and so the Balsom is made.

Fabricius ab Aquapendente made great use of this Balsom, and with good success; so that some have made him the Author of it. It is wonderfully esteem'd for the cure of all sorts of Wounds, as also which happen to the nervous parts, which some affirm it will cure in four and twenty hours, observing the following directions. First, wash the wound with good cold White-wine, then anoint the wound with this Balsom hot; if the wound be deep, syringe it with the hot Balsom, and bind the sides of the wound with Ligatures, Swaths and Bolsters, anointing at the same time the sides, and round about the wound with the Balsom; then lay upon it a Bolster steep'd in strong Wine, and press'd out again, and upon the top of that another dry one.

Balsamum viride Metensium.		The green Balsom of Metz.
℞. Olei seminis Lini expressi, &		℞. Oyls of Line-seed press'd, and
Olivarum, an.	lb j.	Of Olives, an.	lb j.
Laurini,	℥ j.	Laurel-Oyl,	℥ j.
Terebinthinae Venetae,	℥ ij.	Venice-Turpentine,	℥ ij.

Melt them together over a very gentle fire in a Frying-pan; when they are cold, mix therewith by degrees,

Olei stillatitii baccarum Juniperi,	℥ ss.	Distill'd Oyl of Juniper-Berries,	℥ ss.
Viridis aeris subtiliter pulverat.	ʒ iij.	Verdigrise finely powder'd,	ʒ iij.
Aloes Succotrinae subtiliter pulveratae,	ʒ ij.	Aloes-Succotrine finely powder'd,	ʒ ij.
Vitrioli Albi,	ʒ j ss.	White-Vitriol,	ʒ j ss.
Olei Caryophyllorum,	ʒ j.	Oyl of Cloves,	ʒ j.

Mix the Powders first, and then add the distill'd Oyls; and when the whole is well incorporated, the Balsom is made.

Schroderus sets down this Balsom in his Book, saying, that Mounsieur du Clos, a Phy∣sitian of Metz, imparted it to him for an Excellent Receipt, as indeed it is, for all sorts of wounds, either by Sword or Bullet, being first wash'd with warm Wine, and then anointed with this Oyntment also warm, laying over all the Styptic Plaister which I shall hereafter describe. It cleanses, Incarnates and Cicatrizes: It is also singular against the cure of venomous Beasts, and fistulous and malignant Ulcers.

Balsamum Samaritanum.		The Samaritan Balsom.
℞. Olei Communis,		℞. Common Oyl,
Vini generosi, an.	Partes aequales.	Strong Wine, an.	Equal parts.

Boil them together over a very gentle fire in a glaz'd Earthen-pot, to the consump∣tion of the Wine.

This is the Balsom which the Samaritan in the Gospel is said to have made use of; and though it be plain, it is not to be despis'd, being of excellent use to consolidate slight and green wounds.

Balsamum Balsaminae,		Balsom of the Balsom-Apple Plant.
℞. Florum, Foliorum, & fructunin Balsa∣minae, an.	℥ iiij.	℞. Flowers, Leaves and Fruit of the Bal∣som-Apple Plant, an.	℥ iiij.

Radicum Consolidi majoris,		Roots of larger Consound,
Aristolochiae Rotundae,		Round Birth-wort,
Valerianae majoris, an.	℥ ij.	The bigger Valerian, an.	℥ ij.
Visci in folliculis Ʋlmi reperti,		The Slime found in the little Bladders of the Elm-leaves,
Succi Cancrorum fluviatilium,		Juice of River-Crabs,
Foliorum Pervincae,		Leaves of Perwincle,
Saniculae,		Sanicle,
Summitatum floridarum Hyperici, &		Flowry-tops of S. John's Wort, and
Galei lutei, an.	℥ j ss.	Yellow Ladies Bed-straw, an.	℥ j ss.
Olei Olivarum,	lb iiij.	Sallet-oyl,	lb iiij.

Bruise those Ingredients which are to be bruis'd in a Mortar, and put them in a Glass-vessel well stopt; set the Pot twelve days in the Summer-Sun, then boil the In∣gredients in a hot Bath, to the Consumption of the moisture; after that, strain and press the whole; and having separated the Oyl from the Faeces, incorporate with it half a pint of distill'd Oyl of Gum-Sandarach.

This Balsom must be kept in a Glass-bottle very close stopt; it is commended for the cure of all sorts of wounds, especially those of the nervous parts. It is very good to cure Burns: It appeases the pains of the Emrods, reunites and consolidates the clefts of the Breasts, especially if you add never so little Camphire. It takes away scars from the Skin, being mix'd with Oyl of Eggs.

Balsamum dolorem levans.		A Balsom easing Pain.
℞. Foliorum Ʋrticae urentis,		℞. Leaves of the Burning-nettle,
Plantaginis,		Plantain,
Mercurialis, &		Mercury, and
Majoranae, an.	M iij.	Marjoram, an.	M iij.
Olei nucis Juglandis expressi,	lb x.	Press'd Oyl of Nutmegs,	lb x.
Vini-Albi,	lb ij.	White-wine,	lb ij.

Beat the Herbs in a Marble-Mortar, and put them with the Oyl and Wine into a narrow-mouth'd glaz'd Earthen-pot; cover the Pot, and set it upon the hot Embers for twenty four hours; then cause the Ingredients to boil gently, till the Wine be al∣most consum'd; then strain and press the whole, and having separated the Balsom from the Faeces, put it up for use.

This Balsom is particularly recommended to appease pains in the Joynts, as well those that proceed from any wound, sting, or bruise, or from the falling of any sharp humour upon any part: It gives present ease by anointing the part, especially if the part be open'd.

CHAP. IV. Of Embalmings of Dead Bodies.

THe Corruption and Stench which arises from the Coffins of Princes, and Great Personages, though Embalm'd after their Decease, has given me occasion to be∣lieve, that such accidents could not proceed, but either from the covetousness or ig∣norance of those that undertake the Embalming: And therefore I have here made bold to impart to public view, that method which I have observ'd in Embalming the Bodies of several considerable Persons of both Sexes, and of some Princes also; to the end, that they who have care of their Reputation, and will spare nothing to acquit themselves with an Honesty becoming their Imployment may find success.

It is not necessary that I should here dilate upon the manner of Embalming Bodies, which the Egyptians and other Nations made use of heretofore, and of which many Au∣thors have written; among the rest, Peter Belon, of the Country of Mayne, in a Trea∣tise

entitl'd, De Medicato Funere; Printed at Paris in the Year 1553. For though we meet with Remarkable Evidences of the Art of the Ancients in this particular, yet we are ignorant both of the Ingredients and Quantities which they made use of.

The Name of Mummy is giv'n to Bodies Embalm'd with Aromatic Drugs, or else to such as are cover'd and dry'd in the Sands of Lybia by the heat of the Sun; sometimes also to the Liquor, which flowing from the Coffins of great Princes Embalm'd, dries in the Sepulchre, and becomes as hard as the Embalm'd Flesh.

The Corruption of Dead Bodies, proceeding from their superfluous moisture, aug∣mented by that of the Ambient Air, there is therefore great care requir'd to consume and suck up that superfluous moisture, and to prevent the Air from entring in. Quick-Lime is very fit to consume the moisture of dead bodies, and to hinder the penetration of the Air; but because it is apt to consume the soft parts of the Flesh, and to leave only the Skeleton, it is not to be meddl'd withal, but where there is an intention only to preserve the bones of the body. Dead bodies also disimbowell'd, may be preserv'd in a strong Pickle, or in Spirit of Wine well rectifi'd, providing a fit Vessel that may be close stopt; but because that is only for a time, and that more lasting means are re∣quir'd, some persons perhaps may not think their time ill spent to find them here.

The Aim which I have always had to preserve the external shape of the dead body, especially of the Face, and that to Perpetuity, has ever kept me from making use of Oak, Bark, Ashes, or Lime, which they too frequently make use of, that prefer their Gain before their Reputation. For though that Bark-dust, dry enough of it self, seem very proper to suck up superfluous moisture, it is unable to communicate of it self any good quality to the dead body wherein it is put, but is rather subject to the putrefaction of the moisture which it has suck'd. As for Ashes, though the Salt which they con∣tain is esteem'd very fit to preserve the dead bodies, yet there is not enough; so that it rather serves to dissolve the fleshy and fat parts, then to hinder their corruption. I shall therefore set down those ways, which by Reason and long Experience I have found most proper, and which Mounsieur D'Aquin, his Majesties Chief Physitian, desir'd me to impart to public view.

Though it might be expected that dead bodies might be preserv'd in a Coffin of Lead, wrapt up in a Powder compos'd of equal parts of Myrrh, Aloes, and Specific Salts, not sparing for Powder, nor good Spirit of Wine, and sodering up exactly the Joyntures of the Coffin, as once I did for a Lady of Great Quality, who so order'd it before her death; yet the most sure and certain way is this.

Open the Scull behind, about the breadth of the palm of the hand, or thereabouts; and having taken out the Brain, and fill'd and stuff'd the Scull with the Powder after∣mention'd, clap on the piece again, and sow it fast.

Then make an Incision of the skin, and fatty part, from that part of the Breast, where the Ribs meet below the Navel, and another Incision a-cross, in the same skin and fat part, about a foot and a half long, so as to lay open the Region of the Liver, Spleen, and Stomach; and having separated the whole from the Sternum with a Razor, on both sides in the Muscilaginous parts, and rais'd the Sternum against the face of the body, take out the Tongue, the Eyes, the Lungs, the Heart, the Liver, the Spleen, the Stomach, the Intestines, and all the parts contain'd in the hollow of the body: Make al∣so two or three Incisions all along in each Arm, and each Leg, according as the body is more or less fat and fleshy. Make also more and deep Incisions in the Buttocks and Thighs, and from the Neck to the Buttocks in the Back, separating the skin and the fat parts with a Razor; make also five or six in the Neck, and two in the soles of each Foot, and the palms of each Hand: Some bodies are so fat and fleshy, that you must be forc'd to pare off some part of the fat and flesh, and mingle them with the Entrails, though there's no necessity for it, where Cost is allow'd.

After you have well suckt up the blood and serosities with Spunges, bath and wash the parts with good Spirit of Wine, and then rub them with good Spirit of Salt: Then fill every hole and Cranny, all the spaces between the fat skin and the flesh, the Mouth, the Throat, the Eye-holes, and Nostrils, with the following Powder.

Pulvis ad implendas Cadaverum Cavitates.		A Powder to fill the Concavities of Dead Bodies.
℞. Myrrha,		℞. Myrrh,
Aloes,	lb xvj.	Aloes,	lb xvj.
Salis Tartari, &		Salt of Tartar,

Tamarisci,		Tamarisk,
Asphalti,		Asphaltum,
Summitatum siccarum Absinthii,		Dry tops of Wormwood,
Scordii,		Water-Germander,
Centaurii minoris,		Lesser Centaury,
Radicum siccarum Imperatoria,		Dry'd Roots of Master-wort,
Gentianae,		Gentian,
Angelicae,		Angelica,
Carlinae,		Carline-thistle,
Aristolochiae rotundae, an.	lb iij.	Round Birth-wort, an.	lb iij.
Cardamomi Vulgaris,		Vulgar Cardamom,
Piperis Longi,		Long Pepper,
Zinziberis, an.	lb iiij.	Ginger, an.	lb iiij.
Cinnamomi,		Cinnamon,
Caryophyllorum,		Cloves,
Labdani,		Labdanum,
Acori veri, an.	lb ij.	True Acorus, an.	lb ij.

All this Powder will be but little enough if the body be large, and that you Embalm all the Entrails; for you must not leave the least Cavity unsought, but fill every cor∣ner, and every vacuity, as full as the skin will hold; then sprinkle the Powder, with good Spirit of Wine, to the end it may imbody; and having sow'd up the skin where it was open'd, anoint the whole body with Peruvian Balsom, and strew as much Powder upon it, as will make a Crust about a fingers-breadth thick.

Pulvis ad Cadavera Loricanda.		A Powder to put up Dead Bodies.
℞. Styracis,		℞. Storax,
Benjamin.		Benjamin,
Ireos Florent. an.	lb iiij.	Florence-Orrice, an.	lb iiij.
Summitatum Marjoranae,		Tops of Marjoram,
Florum Arantiorum, &		Flowers of Oranges, and
Lavendulae,		Lavender,
Tacamahaccae odoratae, an.	lb ij.	Odoriferous Tacamahacca, an.	lb ij.
Ligni Rhodii,		Lignum-Rhodium,
Acori veri, an.	lb j.	True Acorus, an.	lb j.
Labdani,		Labdanum,
Cassiae Caryophyllatae, an.	lb ss.	Cassia perfum'd with Cloves,	lb ss.

Strow this Powder over the whole body, anointing it first with Balsom of Peru, till it come to be about a finger thick; then wrapping the body up in a Sear-cloth, and putting it up in a Leaden-Coffin, you may carry it as far as you please, and preserve it to Eternity.

If the design be to keep the body for some time, or to shew it for some Weeks in a Bed of State with the face uncover'd, the body apparell'd, and with Gloves and Shoes on, prepare a white Linnen odoriferous Sear-cloth, which must be cut into long Swathes, three or four fingers broad, with which the Arms, Legs and Thighs must be swath'd by themselves, and afterwards the whole body, applying the Swathes sloping upon the Powder; by this means you may cloath the body as if it were living, comb out the hair, and keep the face cover'd, provided you be careful to wash it often with Spirit of Wine well rectifi'd, and to lay upon it Linnen-cloaths dipt in the same Spirit, at such times as the Corps is not publickly expos'd. You may also fill a Pillow fullo f the Aromatic Powder last describ'd, and put it under the head of the body, and lay o∣ther little Cushions by the sides, and at the feet of the said body.

Tela Cerata Aromatica.		An Aromatic Linnen Sear-cloth.
℞. Cerae Albae,	lb vj.	℞. White Wax,	lb vj.
Olei expressi nucis moschatae,		Press'd Oyl of Nutmegs,
Oleorum stillatitiorum Lavendulae,		Distill'd Oyls of Lavender,
Corticis Arantiorum & Citri, an.	℥ ij.	Orange and Citron-peels, an.	℥ ij.

Melt the Wax over a very gentle fire in a Tin-Bason, large above, and narrow be∣low; then having well mix'd the Oyls, dip therein a fine Linnen-cloth equally spun.

As for the Brains and Internal parts, you may Embalm them with the first Powder. To which purpose, having wash'd the Intestines, and made long and deep Incisions in the Heart, Lungs, Liver, Spleen and Kidneys, and made ready a Leaden-Barrel, cover the bottom with a good quantity of the Powder; then range the Intestines well fill'd with the Powder one by another, not sparing to fill all the Concavities between them with the Powder, till the Barrel be quite full: then soder up the Barrel exactly, by which means all those parts will turn into a Mass, fit to be preserv'd as long as the Bar∣rel it self. You may also, if you are so desir'd, put the Heart in a Leaden box by it self.

Nor will the body be less preserv'd, if after it has lain in State as long as is requi∣site, you rub the uncover'd parts with Balsom of Peru; and then strowing the Pow∣der upon them, cover them up with the Sear-cloth, and so put the body into a Coffin well soder'd.

CHAP. V. Of Oyntments, Liniments, and Sear-cloths.

OYntments, Liniments, and Sear-cloths, are compound Medicaments, principally appointed for Unctions and exteriour applications upon divers parts of the bo∣dy. Liniments, Unguents, and Sear-cloths, differ chiefly in their consistency, of which Unguents keep the middlemost. Oyls are the usual Foundations of Oyntments, Lini∣ments, and Sear-cloths: To them are added Wax, Greases, Tallows, divers parts of Plants, Animals, and Minerals, as well for the vertues which they afford them, as to give a consistence to the Oyls, and to compose the Remedies which by a long stay upon the place affected, may communicate their vertue to it: Not but that Liniments and Oyntments may be compos'd of several sorts of Fats and Greases, without Oyl or Wax, as among the rest Pomatums are made, and sometimes without Oyl, without Fat, or without Wax, as Ʋnguentum Egyptiacum: But you shall meet with many more Oyntments, of which Oyl is the chief Foundation, and which receive their consistence from Wax, then which are made without either Oyl or Wax. But a true Sear-cloth cannot be made without Wax, as being that which gives it its Name.

The ordinary proportion of Oyl and Wax in the Composition of Oyntments, is three ounces of Wax to twelve ounces of Oyl; and if you are to mix any Powders, you may put in from one ounce to two, and sometimes you may exceed the proportion. In the Composition of Sear-cloths, four ounces of Wax are put to twelve ounces of Oyl; but for Liniments, two ounces of Wax is enough for twelve ounces of Oyl. But regard must be had to the Season, for in Summer you must put in something more Wax then in Winter. And because that Oyntments contain also in them Rosins, Tal∣lows, Suets, and Gums, which are partly put in the place of Wax, the Artist must be very skilful in rightly proportioning and mixing the Ingredients, that the consistence may be true, and sightly to the Eye; and which is more then all, in governing his fire, according to the nature of the Oyntments: For all which things, observe the Follow∣ing preparations.

Unguentum Rosatum.		Oyntment of Roses.
℞. Axungiae Porci Masculi purgatae & sa∣pius lotae,		℞. Barrow's-grease cleans'd, and often wash'd,
Rosarum rubrarum recentium contusarum, an.	lb iiij.	Fresh Red-roses bruis'd, an.	lb iiij.

Put the Grease and the Rose-buds into a narrow-mouth'd glaz'd Earthen-pot, co∣ver it well, and set it in a Bath, between luke-warm and boiling, for six hours; then cause the Bath to boil for an hour, and having strain'd and strongly press'd out the whole, mix with the strain'd Oyntment,

Rosarum pallidarum recentium contusarum,

lb iiij.

Pale Roses newly blown, fresh gather'd, and bruis'd,

lb iiij.

Stop the Pot again, keep it in a Bath between luke-warm and boiling-hot for six hours, and after that let it boil a good long hour; then strain and press out the whole again with a good strength: Separate the Oyl from the Feces, and put it up.

If you desire to give the colour of the Roses to the Oyntment, about a quarter of an hour before you strain it the last time, throw in two ounces of the Roots of Alcanet, or somewhat more, if you intend to height'n the colour, and stir a little in the Oynt∣ment: If you would keep the white colour of the Oyntment, and the sweet scent of the Roses, make use of Damask-Roses, without any Alcanet.

Though the Receipts of Ʋnguentum Rosatum in the Dispensatories be all very near the same with that which Mesue has left us, and that the Zealots of Antiquity may keep to them, without erring in their Profession; yet we do not find it to be much fol∣low'd by the Apothecaries now a-days, for every one prepares this Oyntment after their own method: some make use of Roses blown, others only of the Blossoms; some make use of red, others pale Roses; some prefer the white, others the Damask-Roses: Others put in the Roses whole, others bruise them: others after they have mingl'd the Roses and Boars-grease together, expose them to the Sun to macerate. But leaving every one to his own judgment, I shall only add this, that the Receipt here set down is not inferiour to any, either for vertue, or good scent.

It is agreed, that Barrow's-grease is more firm, and to be preferr'd before that of Sows. The Skins and Tunicles must be pick'd out, and the fat wash'd with clean water, then melted in a glaz'd Earthen-pot, and strain'd from time to time through a clean Linnen∣cloth, in order to the preparation of the Oyntment.

You may, in imitation of the Ancients, add a sixth part of the weight of Oyl of Sweet-Almonds, if you would give it the consistence of a Liniment; but there are few persons that had not rather that the oyntment should have its true solidity. You may also make use only of the red Roses; but certain it is, that the pale Roses here prescrib'd, render the Oyntment more odoriferous.

An Oyntment of Roses may be also made without fire, as Pomatum's of Jasmin are prepar'd. Take two Galley-pots, large and flat, pour into each of them melted Barrow's∣grease well wash'd and prepar'd, as for ordinary oyntment of Roses, so that there may be left in the hollow of the Pots the thickness of a small fingers breadth. Fill the vacuities of the two Pots with Damask-Rose leaves gather'd early in the morning, and newly blown; then covering the Pots one with the other, set them in a Cup-board close shut, and keep them there till toward Evening: then throwing away those Ro∣ses, put fresh in their places; and covering the Pots, as before, leave them till next morning. Continue doing thus, till you perceive the Grease to be sufficiently impregna∣ted with the scent of the Roses, and you shall have an Oyntment very white, and very odoriferous, which may bear the name of Pomatum of Roses, and must be kept in a Glass or Galley-pot close stopt. In the same manner may be prepar'd Pomatums of Violets, Gilloflowers, and all sorts of odoriferous Flowers.

Oyntment of Roses is very much approv'd against all sorts of external Inflammati∣ons, particularly Flegmons, Erysipela's, and Tetters; against the pains of the Head, to provoke sleep gently, temper the heat of the Stomach, Liver and Kidneys, appease the pains of the Emrods, to discuss heat in the Face, and to cure Pimples and little Ulcers that happen therein; as also to repress sharp serosities, to suppress inflammati∣ons in the Private Parts of Men or Women, and to cure the heats and pimples that u∣sually torment Children in their Swadling-cloaths. Ʋnguentum Rosatum is also us'd for the Basis of Oyntments, and Pomatums for the Itch.

Unguentum Album, sive de Cerussa.		White Oyntment, or Oyntment of White-Leud.
℞. Olei Rosati,	lb iij.	℞. Oyl of Roses,	lb iii.
Cerae Albae,	℥ ix.	White Wax,	℥ ix.
Cerussae Venetae,	lb j.	Venetian-Ceruse,	lb j.
Camphorae,	ʒ j ss.	Camphire,	ʒ j ss.

Make choice of very white Venetian Ceruse, weighty and brittle, and pulverize it, by rubbing it upon the bottom of a Hair-sieve reverst, receiving the Powder upon a paper underneath: then putting the Powder into an Earthen-Pipkin, large enough, wash it several times in clean water often chang'd, stirring the Powder with a wooden-Spatula, and pouring out the water by inclination, when the Powder is settled at the bottom.

When the water grows insipid, wash the Ceruse at last with Rose-water, leaving it in the water for five or six hours; at the end whereof, pour it out by inclination, and dry the Ceruse in the shade upon a paper: Then put the Wax broken, and the Oyl, into a glaz'd Earthen-pot, and set the Pot in a boiling-Bath. When the Wax is melt∣ed, take the Pot from the fire, and stir the dissolution with a wooden-Pestle, till it be∣gins to thick'n, at which time mix the Ceruse in Powder, stirring the Oyntment till it be almost cold. Melt the Camphire in a small portion of the Oyl, and incorporate it with the Oyntment when it is cold.

You may also, if it be desired, at the same time add the Whites of Eggs, being care∣ful to stir the Oyntment, to make an exact mixture of the Ingredients.

This Oyntment is in all Dispensatories, but the quantity of the Medicaments is ve∣ry different, not only in reference to the proportion of the Oyl with the Wax, but also for that of the Ceruse. As to the proportion of the first, I find it conformable to the general Rules of Oyntments; but that of the Ceruse cannot pass for other then ir∣regular, though I yield to it here, as well for that the quantity is not over-large, as because it is that which chiefly gives its colour and principal vertue to the Oynt∣ment.

Nor can I agree with them, who instead of washing the Ceruse with water, boil it with Vinegar distill'd, and having dry'd it, make use of it in this Oyntment: For I know that Vinegar distill'd will open it, and reduce it to an Acid-sugar-like, white, Chrystalline substance, in appearance like Salt; and that also by long digestions, sepa∣rations, and superfusions of the Vinegar distill'd, you may reduce all the Ceruse into a kind of Salt. But this Salt is not a true Salt of Ceruse, but rather a Salt of Vinegar, incorporated with the Ceruse which it has dissolv'd: And besides that, this Vinegar distill'd being consum'd among the Ceruse, cannot make any separation of its parts, as being confus'd with the total of the Ceruse at the time it is dry'd: Certain it is, the Ceruse is so far from being the more cooling, that it fails not to retain great impressi∣ons of the Acrimony of the Vinegar: which induces me to prefer the Lotion of Ce∣ruse, before the boiling it in Vinegar distill'd, as some of our Moderns have directed. For though the addition of Vinegar distill'd might take place, were this Oyntment prepar'd for the cure of Ulcers proceeding from a salt, burning choler, or some fix'd or volatile salt, in hopes that the Acid of the Vinegar might dulcifie those salt sub∣stances by joyning strictly with them; yet we must not look for such an effect from Ce∣ruse boil'd with Vinegar, after the Flegm and the Acid of the Vinegar are dissipated, because that in their room there remains only in the Ceruse the fix'd salt, and corrosive of the Vinegar: whereas I have great reason to believe, that the Ceruse, being freed by Lotions from all the Acrimony of the Acids which had reduc'd it into a Calx, and from all the ill impressions of the fire which it might have contracted, is very fit to suck up and mortifie the choleric and salt humours, as also the Acids which may have caus'd the Ulcers. However this hinders not, but that when the nature of the humour which causes the Ulcers is understood, we may have recourse to Specifies, and use them either apart, or mix'd with this Oyntment, as occasion and judgment require.

As to what some object, that the Lotion of the Ceruse may carry off some part of the Sugar-like salt dissolv'd by the Vinegar, when the Lead was reduc'd into Ceruse; I say, that can only be some very little part of the Ceruse fix'd to some remainder of the Salt of Vinegar, the loss whereof cannot but prove advantagious, by reason of the acrimonious parts joyn'd with it. I also affirm, that Ceruse coming out of Calcina∣tion, is not a substance dissolveable in water; nor is there any fear, that either the common, or Rose-water, should deprive it of any part of its proper substance, in re∣gard it can only be dissolv'd by Vinegar, or by some other corrosive; and that it is only by their means that it takes the Figure of Salt, or of Vitriol of Ceruse, which is meerly a dissolution, mixture and corporification of its substance with the corrosive Spirits, since the Lead may be separated from the same Salt, and the same Lead be again reduc'd into Ceruse, and thus metamorphos'd as often as you please.

As for the Whites of Eggs prescrib'd in several Receipts of this Oyntment, I think they may be better mix'd when there is any occasion; and that it is better to let them

alone in the preparation of this oyntment, which is to be kept for some time, but will be putrifi'd by the Whites of Eggs. It may not be amiss also, to prepare this oynt∣ment without Camphire, and to mix it only upon occasion, by reason of the aversion which some have against the ill scent.

This oyntment is good to cure Erisypela's, Burns, Scurfs, and the most part of de∣formities of the Skin, which proceed from salt flegm, or burning Choler. It is also very proper to allay the Itch, and hot intemperature of Ulcers: it dries up galling and peelings of the skin, the rednesses which happen to Children, upon their Thighs, and in other places: It is also good for bruises, and to consolidate slight wounds; for it cools, closes, dries, and manifestly cicatrizes where it is apply'd.

Unguentum Populeum.		Oyl of Popler.
℞. Gemmarum Populi nigrae contusarum,	lb i ss.	℞. Buds of black Popler bruis'd,	lb i. ss.
Axungiae Porci masculi,	lb iiij.	Barrow's-grease,	lb iiij.

Gather the Popler-buds when they begin to open, and shew the points of their leaves; bruise them well in a Marble-Mortar, then melt the grease over a gentle fire in a glaz'd Earthen-pot large enough, and mingle the Buds with it; stop the Pot close, and put it in a Cellar, or cool place, till the Months of May or June, that all the Herbs are fit to be boil'd; then set the Pot in a boiling Bath, and mix therewith

Foliorum contusorum Violaria,		Bruis'd Leaves of March-Violets,
Ʋmbilici Veneris,		Kidney-Wort,
Rubi,		Bramble,
Papaveris nigri,		Black Poppy,
Mandragorae,		Mandrake,
Hyoscyami,		Henbane,
Solani,		Night-shade,
Lactucae,		Lettice,
Sempervivi majoris, & minoris, &		Greater and lesser Housleek,
Bardanae majoris, an.	℥ iiij.	Greater Burdock, an.	℥ iiij.

Let them boil with the same heat, stirring them from time to time, and covering the Pot again, till the moisture of the Herbs be almost consum'd; then take the Pot from the Bath, strain and press out the Ingredients with a good strength, and when the li∣quor is cool, separate the Oyl from the Feces, and keep it close stopt.

Some expose the first Infusion of the Popler to the Sun; but a cool place seems more proper for an oyntment which is requir'd to cool, considering that there is no more in∣tended then to preserve the vertue of the Poplers, till the other Herbs can be provided, the Night-shade being a late Herb.

Some there are that add Wine to the Oyntment while it is boiling, others Juice of Night-shade, and Rose-water: But if you are careful to get all the Herbs ready at a time, and to have them fresh, they will afford moisture sufficient to boil the oyntment, and there will be time enough to charge it sufficiently with the colour and vertue of the Simples. Others would have the Herbs to lye in Maceration eight or ten days, before the oyntment be boil'd. But that would be time spent in vain, because that fresh Herbs well bruis'd, impart their vertue sufficiently, during the time of their boiling, without any necessity of Maceration before-hand, either upon, or off the fire; and for that the Rosiny part of the Popler-buds dissolving easily in the oyntment, impart their whole vertue at the same boiling.

As to the Opinion of some, that all the Ingredients of this Oyntment are cold, it cannot be so thought, in regard that the taste and Aromatic smell of the Popler-buds, and their rosinous and combustible part demonstrate them to be hot, as well as the Bur∣dock. However, that hinders not this oyntment from being properly numbred among the cold oyntments, since the hot Plants hinder not the cooling vertue of the principal Ingredients, but rather assist their penetration: Considering that Remedies which are accompted purely cold, being us'd alone, produce not those good effects as when mix'd with some hot Medicine, though but in a small quantity. We observe also, that very hot Remedies are sometimes succesfully made use of for the cure of Burns;

as Spirit of Wine, and Juice of Onyons, instead of this Oyntment, which is so highly approv'd for that intent.

Oyl of Poplar alone, or mix'd with Oyl of Roses, apply'd upon the Forehead and Temples, provokes sleep gently, asswages the pains of the Head in Fevers, and tem∣pers the heat of them, being laid to the Wrists, or to the soles of the feet. It is us'd to abate the Inflammations of the Reins, and to cure Burns, Erysipela's, and all sorts of heats, and to discuss the Milk in the Breasts; to which purpose it is mix'd with Honey, yellow Wax, and many other Medicaments.

Unguentum Pompholygos.		Oyntment of the Soyl of Brass-Oar.
℞. Olei Rosati,	℥ xx.	℞. Oyl of Roses,	℥ xx.
Succi Granorum viridium Solani,	℥ viij.	Juice of the green Berries of Night∣shade,	℥ viij.

Bruise the Nightshade-Berries in a Marble-Mortar, press out the Juice, and put the quantity prescrib'd, with the Oyl of Roses, into a glaz'd Earthen-pot; cover the Pot, and boil them together till the Juice be almost wholly consum'd; separate the Oyl, throw away the Feces,

Deinde in oleo liqua	Then Melt in the Oyl
Cera Albae, ℥ v.	White Wax, ℥ v.

After that, take the pot from the fire, stir the oyntment with a wooden-Pestle till it begins to thick'n; and when it is well cold,

Refrigeratis permisce		Mix therewith
Cerusae lotae pulverati,	℥ iiij.	Ceruse wash'd and powder'd,	℥ iiij.
Plumbi leviter usti & pulverati,		Lead slightly burnt and reduc'd into Powder,
Pompholigis vel Tuthiae Alexandrinae prae∣paratae, an.	℥ ij.	Soyl of Brass-Oar, or Tutia of Alexan∣dria prepar'd, an.	℥ ij.
Thuris subtiliter pulverat.	℥ j.	Frankincense finely pulveriz'd.	℥ j.

Stir the Oyntment till it be quite cold, and then put it up.

The Receipt of this Oyntment agrees in most Authors as to the number and names of the Ingredients, but the doses are very various. But this Receipt is regular in all things, and you cannot fail of a right preparation, observing this method.

As to the preparation of the Lead, take a large Iron Ladle, and melt in it about a pound of Lead, stirring it from time to time with a long Iron Spatula, till it be reduc'd into a greyish Powder, which you must sift through a Silk-sieve, till you have the quan∣tity prescrib'd.

Pompholix is a white light Powder that sticks about the tops of the Furnaces where they melt and refine Copper, like Flower of Meal, and sometimes in little Poulses, or Blisters. They call it also Nil, and Nihili. Tutia comes from the same Copper, and at the same time as Pompholix: But the weight of it causes it to stick about the lower part of the Furnaces, where it gathers together about the thickness of a half Crown, like grains at the top, and of a dark Ash-colour. 'Tis thought that the vertues of Tu∣tia and Pompholix are very much alike, as both arising from Copper, but the true Pom∣pholix is certainly to be preferr'd by reason of its lightness. The Greeks call Tutia by the name of Spodium, which the Arabians have given to the Roots of Reeds burnt, and some of our Moderns to burnt Ivory.

To prepare Tutia right, it must be heated red hot in a Crucible, and quench'd as often in Rose-water, after which grind it upon Porphyry, till it be scarce to be felt.

Oyntment of Pompholix cools and extinguishes the heat of Ulcers, tames their ma∣lignity, appeases their pain, cleanses and heals them all together, especially those of the Legs.

Unguentum Ophthalmicum.	An Oyntment for the Eyes.
℞. Butyri recentissimi, ℥ xvj.	℞. Newest Butter, ℥ xvj.

Melt it in a Copper or Latten Frying-pan over a very soft fire, till the Butter ceases to spatter; then by degrees, and at several times, mingle with the Butter

Aceti Rosati acerrimi,

℥ iiij.

Sharpest Vinegar of Roses,

℥ iiij.

Boil them again over the same fire till the Butter cease to spatter; pour the whole into a Brass-Mortar, and

		Mingle with it
Tutiae Alexandrinae ter in Aqu•• Rosarum extinctae & praeparatae,	℥ iiij.	Tutia of Alexandria thrice quench'd in Rose-water, and prepar'd,	℥ iiij.

Stir the whole continually, till the Oyntment be cold.

The reason why you must pour the Vinegar upon the Butter by degrees, and when it ceases to spatter, is because that if you should pour it too hastily upon the But∣ter, it would cause so great an Ebullition, that the Butter would run over, and be lost; which it will not do, if you observe these Directions.

They who consider, that in making Butter for ordinary use, there is no way so to separate the serous and Cheesie part, but that some portion will remain in the Butter, which will be offensive in oyntments prepar'd for the eyes, will not wonder that the Butter should be thus prepar'd, to consume the serous part by boiling the Butter, and stopping the Cheesie part in the Strainer, which could not be done by Lotions, or any other way. Besides, the oyntment prepar'd with Butter thus boil'd, will keep a long time, and is less subject to smell with age.

As for the addition of Vinegar, and boiling the Butter in a Copper or Latten Frying-pan, there is no fear that the oyntment should thereby receive any offensive quality. For besides that after the moisture of the Vinegar is consum'd, the Earthy part remaining in the Strainer with the Cheesie part of the Butter, the oyntment re∣ceives a vertue very proper to strengthen the Eyes, it becomes fit to cleanse, by means of the particles of Copper or Latten with which the Butter is impregnated by means of the Vinegar which dissolves them, and of which there is no danger, since the Tutia, which is the foundation of the oyntment, is a production from Copper, and Verdigrease, which is the rust of Copper, are succesfully made use of in infirmities of the Eyes; as also Vitriol, whose natural Corrosion is augmented by the particles of Copper, with which it is impregnated in the bowels of the Earth: Upon which this observation is to be made, that although the Eyes are very sensible and tender parts of the body, yet they easily endure those things which neither the Stomach nor the Tongue can bear, such as are divers Remedies drawn from several Minerals, and se∣veral parts of Plants and Animals, when they cannot endure oyl which we daily make use of in Diet.

We find in several Authors descriptions of Ophthalmic oyntments, and several per∣sons have several particular Receipts which I cannot find fault with: But I can assure them of the Excellency of this oyntment, by the long Experience I have had of it, and the daily tryals which I make of it. It is a wonderful Remedy to allay the Inflammati∣ons, to appease the pains and itching of the Eyes, and to cleanse and cicatrize the Pustula's of the Eyes and Eye-brows. It is highly approv'd to dry up blear Eyes, espe∣cially in old people, and to stop and dry up defluxions that cause blearness, and to prevent the Eye-brows from sticking one to another. The Patient going to bed, is to put into the corner of the Eyes about the quantity of a little Pea, and at the same time to shut his Eyes till the oyntment be fully melted. At first it will cause a smarting in the Eyes, but it will presently be gone. Tryal will certainly confirm what I say to be true.

Unguentum Nutritum.		The Nourish'd Oyntment.
℞. Lithargyri Auri subtiliter pulverat.	lb ss.	℞. Litharge of Gold finely powder'd,	lb ss.
Aceti fortis,	℥ viij.	Strong Vinegar,	℥ viij.
Olei communis,	lb j ss.	Common Oyl,	lb j ss.

Having pulveriz'd the Litharge, stir it a long time in a large Brass-Mortar, with as much Oyl as will serve to moisten it moderately; and when they are well incorpora∣ted, add a little Vinegar, and continue stirring till the Vinegar appear no more; then put in more oyl, still stirring the oyntment: and so continue to add, first Vinegar, then Oyl, by little and little successively, till the Litharge have suck'd up the prescrib'd quantity of both, and that both have acquir'd the due consistence of an oyntment: and in regard the Oyl exceeds the Vinegar, put in every time more Oyl then Vinegar. Due patience, and continual stirring, will not only bring it to a due consistence, but to a whiteness like that of Ceruse-Oyntment.

Nourish'd Oyntment is also call'd Crudum, or Raw, because it is not boil'd; and Oynt∣ment of Litharge, because Litharge is the Foundation; and Triapharmacum, or a Medi∣cine of Three, because it is compounded of three Ingredients.

As for those that chuse to prepare and stir this Oyntment in a Leaden-Mortar, pre∣tending to augment its vertue, I think they rather do ill then well; since Litharge being only Lead Metamorphos'd, mixing with the oyntment, affords it that vertue which is to be expected from Lead abundantly enough, without seeking after an Imaginary Vertue from the touch of the Mortar; besides that the bad colour which the Lead will give it, may be sufficient to divert an Artist from any such course.

They that will make a dissolution of Litharge in Vinegar, may quickly, and without trouble, get ready an Ʋnguentum Nutritum of a good consistence, and at least as ef∣fectual as that which I have set down, by incorporating cold the dissolution with an e∣qual quantity of Honey. You may also equally dissolve in Vinegar, Minium, and white Lead, and mix the dissolutions with the oyl; but these oyntments soon putrifie, be∣cause of the Aquosity of the Juices: So that they are never prepar'd, but upon oc∣casion.

Nourish'd Oyntment is good to mortifie Scabs, Tetters, and other Infirmities of the Skin. It is also us'd for the cure of Ulcers, particularly those which are caus'd by salt flegm; because that the Litharge joyn'd to the Acid of the Vinegar, fixing upon the salt humour, mortifies it, and cicatrizes the Ulcers. This Oyntment cools and dries very much: It may be kept several Months, if well prepar'd.

Unguentum desiccativum Rubrum.		A red drying Oyntment.
℞. Olei communis,	lb ij.	℞. Common Oyl,	lb ij.
Cetae Albae,	lb ss.	White Wax,	lb ss.

Melt them together over a gentle fire; take them off, and stir them together with a wooden-Pestle till they begin to thicken; and when they are half cold, add the fol∣lowing Powders.

℞. Lapidis Calaminaris, & Boli Armenae, an.	℥ iiij.	℞. Calaminaris-Stone, and Bole-Armoniac, an.	℥ iiij.
Lithargyri Auri, &		Litharge of Gold, and
Cerusae Venetae, an.	℥ iij.	Ceruse of Venice, an.	℥ iij.
Camphirae,	ʒ j.	Camphire,	ʒ j.

Grind the Lapis Calaminaris and Bole-Armoniac upon a Porphyry, sift the Ceruse through a Hair-sieve revers'd, and pulverize the Litharge very fine, and mix all the Powders with the oyntment, stirring it continually till it be quite cold: Then add the Camphire pulveriz'd, with a drop or two of Spirit of Wine, and the Oyntment is made.

This Desiccative Red Oyntment, though much in use, is left out however by many Authors; neither have they that mention'd it, observ'd the proportion of Quanti∣ties: For should we put five ounces of Wax to one of Oyl, as the Ancients direct, the Oyntment would be of too solid a consistence; and therefore we have regulated the proportions of the Wax and Oyl as for other Oyntments, putting in but one part of Wax to four parts of Oyl; by which means the Wax and the Oyl will easily suck up the Powders, notwithstanding the largeness of their quantity, and make this Oyntment far more solid then the usual sorts of Oyntments.

This Oyntment cools, dries, strengthens and closes. It also stops defluxions that fall upon the parts, and digests and consumes the superfluous moisture of Wounds and Ulcers which it cicatrizes.

Unguentum Stypticum.		The Restrictive Oyntment.
℞. Olei communis,	lb iiij.	℞. Common Oyl,	lb iiij.
Myrtillorum siccorum contusorum,	lb i ss.	Whortle-berries dry'd,	lb i ss.
Aluminis Rupei.	lb ss.	Roch-Alum,	lb ss.
Succi Myrtillorum, &		Juice of Whortle-berries, and
Sorborum immaturorum, an.	lb j.	Green-Services, an.	lb j.

Put the Whortle-berries into a large Earthen glaz'd pot, and pour in the oyl pre∣scrib'd: then put the Alum dissolv'd in the Juices, together with the Juices; and ha∣ving cover'd the Pot, set it in a boiling-Bath till the moisture be almost quite consum'd: then strain, and strongly press out the whole; and having separated the Oyl from the Feces,

℞. Olei illius,	lb iij.	℞. Of that same Oyl,	lb iij.
Cerae Albae,	℥ ix.	White Wax,	℥ ix.

Melt the Wax in the same Pot in the same Bath: Then take off the Pot, stir the oyntment with a wood'n-pestle; and when it begins to thick'n, and grow half cold,

℞. Nucum Cupressi,		℞. Cypress-Nuts,
Myrtillorum,		Whortle-berries,
Balaustiorum,		Pomgranate-flowers,
Corticum Granatorum, & Glandium,		Rinds of Granates, and Acorns,
Acinorum Ʋvae,		Grape-stones,
Ossis •• crure bovis calcinati,		Bone of an Oxes Thigh calcin'd,
Granorum Sumach,		Grains of Sumach,
Mastiches,		Mastich,
Acaciae,		Acacia,
Aluminis usti, &		Burnt-Alum, and
Corticis mediani Castanearum, an.	ʒ vj.	Middle-rind of Chestnuts, an.	ʒ vj.

Calcine the Oxe-bone in an ordinary fire, burn the Alum over a gentle fire till it be perfectly dry; then beat them together in a great Brass-Mortar, with the rest of the Ingredients, except the Mastich, which must be beaten apart; and having sifted the Powders thus prepar'd, mix them with the oyntment, stirring it till it be perfectly cold.

You shall meet with, in certain Authors, certain Descriptions of this Stiptic Oynt∣ment, as also of an Oyntment call'd the Countesses Oyntment, very much esteem'd in practice. But if you examine all the Receipts, you shall find several mistakes that de∣serve to be reform'd, and acknowledge that it was not done amiss, to produce a bet∣ter, and more Methodical. The Astriction which the Ancients would give to the oyl, by washing it with Alum-water, cannot be very great, since the principal Astriction of the Alum lies in its terrestrerity, which never ascends in Distillation; and that the water drawn by that means alone, or in Distillation, is nothing but a flegm, which contains very little Spirit, and has no Astriction, neither in appearance, nor real. You shall also find, that the Astriction of Alum cannot be imparted to the oyntment, but by the

terrestrial part; and that the choice, quantity, and use which is here made of the A∣lum, as of all the other Ingredients, are undeniably more regular, then any thing that is to be met with in the Dispensatories, in reference to this oyntment.

The terrestrial and astringent part of the Oxe's Thigh-bone being only necessary for this oyntment, the dissipation of the flegm, spirit, salt, and volatile oyls is not regard∣ded, no more then the consumption of the watry and spiritous parts of the Alum, since there is no need of the terrestrial.

They who have this oyntment well prepar'd, need take no care for the Countesses oyntment, the preparation whereof is troublesome, and the vertues much inferiour.

The Styptic oyntment apply'd to the Reins, strengthens them, as also the Ligaments of the Matrix, the descent whereof it hinders, and prevents abortion, anointing the entrance thereof, and the lower part of the Belly. It is also succesfully us'd to close the Neck of the Matrix after lying in, and to consolidate such tearings of the parts as hap∣pen sometimes after difficult Labour. It is also very proper against the Relaxation of the streight Gut, apply'd without, and put into the Fundament, and to stop unreason∣able losses of blood in Women, apply'd to the Region of the Reins, the Liver, and all the Belly: It is also laid upon the Stomach to stay vomiting. This oyntment causes no heat at all, and may serve in word upon all occasions where there is need of closing and consolidation.

Unguentum Pomatum Officinale.		A Pomatum-Oyntment for the Shops.
℞. Radicum Ireos Florentiae,	℥ iij.	℞. Roots of Florence-Orrice,	℥ iij.
Santali Citrini, &		Yellow Sanders, and
Benjonii, an.	℥ j.	Benjamin, an.	℥ j.
Resinae Styracis,	ʒ iij.	Rosin of Storax,	ʒ iij.
Ligni-Rhodii, &		Lignum-Rhodium, and
Florum Lavendulae, an.	ʒ j.	Flowers of Lavender, an.	ʒ j.
Acori Veri, &		True Acorus, and
Caryophyllorum, an.	ʒ ss.	Cloves, an.	ʒ ss.

Beat them all in a great Brass-Mortar, sift them through a coarse Hair-sieve, and put them into a fine little Linnen-bag, yet big enough for the Ingredients to lye loose in it.

℞. Axungiae Porci maris purgatae & lotae,	lb iij.	℞. Barrow's-grease cleans'd and wash'd,	lb iij.
Saevi Hoedini recentis,	lb j.	New Kids Tallow,	lb j.
Poma recentia cortice, & parte interiore liberata & in partes secta,	No xij.	New Pippins par'd, cor'd, and cut into pieces,	No xij.
Aquae Rosarum,	lb ss.	Rose-water, and	lb ss.
Florum Aurantiorum,	℥ iiij.	Orange-flower-water,	℥ iiij.

Put all these together, with the Sack of Aromatics, into a narrow-mouth'd glaz'd Earthen-vessel close cover'd; set the Pot in a boiling Bath, till the moisture be almost all consum'd: Then strain and press the whole with a moderate strength; let the Po∣matum cool, and having separated it from the Feces, keep it in a Galley-pot close stopt in a cool place.

The Ingredients of this Pomatum are so proportion'd, that the odour may be plea∣sant, the colour white, and the consistence proper. And though the most part of Apo∣thecaries have some particular Receipts, I believe there are not many who will re∣ject this.

This Pomatum is chiefly us'd for such Deformities as happen to the Nose, and for chaps of the Lips, Breasts, Feet, Hands, and other parts of the Body. It serves also to soften and moisten the over-driness of the Skin.

You may also make a red Pomatum for the Lips, according to the following Re∣ceipt.

Melt in a Silver, or white Earthen-pot, in a hot Mary's Bath, an ounce of white Wax bruis'd, as much Oxe-Marrow, and three ounces of the first Pomatum; and ha∣ving added a dram of the rind of the root of Alkanet, sprinkl'd before with a little

good Spirit of Wine, keep the Vessel in the same Bath, stirring the Pomatum from time to time, till it look very red; then strain it through a fine Linnen Cloth, and put up the Pomatum. You may also prepare a Pomatum of Oyl of Eggs in the same manner.

Melt in Balneo Mariae, in a white Earthen-vessel, an ounce of white Wax, as much Sperma-Cete, with four ounces of Oyl of Eggs very pure, chusing the beginning of May for this Operation; and having cover'd the Vessel with a white Linnen cloth somewhat close spun, expose it to the open Air for several Months, and till the Poma∣tum be perfectly white. This Pomatum is very proper to preserve the beauty of the Complexion, to take away scars of the Face, and fill up the holes of the Small-pox, especially if you wash your face with Frog-spawn water, with never so little Borax dissolv'd in it, and if you wash the part once a day with Spirit of Wine. It is also very effectual to cure chops in the Lips, Breasts, and Fundament, especially if you add to it a little distill'd Oyl of Wax.

Unguentum Martiatum.		The Martiate Oyntment.
℞. Radicum Altheae, & Enulae Campanae,		℞. Roots of Althea, and Elecampane,
Seminis Faenugreci, & Cumini, an.	℥ iiij.	Seeds of Fengreek, and Cumin, an.	℥ iiij.
Nardi Indicae,	℥ ij.	Indian-Nard,	℥ ij.
Foliorum Rorismarini,		Leaves of Rosemary,
Lauri,		Laurel,
Rutae,		Rue,
Marjoranae,		Marjoram,
Ebuli,		Danewort,
Sabinae,		Savine,
Menthae hortensis, &		Garden-mints, and
Aquaticae,		Water-mint,
Mentastri,		Wild-mint,
Basilici,		Basil,
Salviae,		Sage,
Primulae veris,		Primroses,
Polii Montani,		Mountain-Poley,
Calaminthae,		Calamint,
Artemisiae,		Mugwort,
Absinthii majoris,		Greater Wormwood,
Origani,		Organy,
Betonicae,		Betony,
Brancae Ʋrsinae,		Brank Ursine,
Herbae venti,		Black French Horehound,
Costi Hortensis,		Cost-Mary,
Sambuci,		Elder,
Millefolii,		Mill-foil,
Chamaedryos,		Germander,
Hyperici,		S. John's Wort,
Centaurii minoris,		Lesser Centaury,
Tetrahit,		Jews Iron-wort,
Cardui Benedicti,		Blessed Thistle,
Abrotani Maris & Feminae,		Southernwood Male and Female,
Caprifolii,		Woodbine,
Yvae Moschatae,		Sea-Ground-pine,
Florum Stachados Arabicae,		Flowers of Arabian Cassidony,
Chamaemili,		Camomile,
Buphthalmi, an.	M. j.	Oxe-eye, an.	M. j.

Bruise them all, and put them into a narrow-mouth'd glaz'd Earthen-Vessel, and ha∣ving pour'd upon them sixteen pints of Common Oyl, stop the Vessel close, and set it to macerate upon the hot Cinders for 24 hours. Then increase the fire, and boil the

Ingredients, gently stirring them from time to time with a wooden Spatula, till the moisture be almost all consum'd; afterward strain and press the whole strongly out, and having separated the Oyl from the Feces

℞. Cerae flavae,	lb v.	℞. Yellow Wax,	lb v.
Butyri Mayalis,		May-Butter,
Axungiae Ʋrsi, & Gallinae,		Bears-grease, and Hens-grease,
Medullae Cervinae, &		Deers Marrow, and
Terebinthinae Venetae, an.	℥ viij.	Venice-Turpentine, an.	℥ viij.

Melt the Wax first in little pieces, then add the Butter, the Greases, the Marrow, and Turpentine; and when the Oyntment is half cold,

℞. Styracis Liquidae,	℥ iiij.	℞. Liquid Storax,	℥ iiij.
Myrrhae,		Myrrh,
Olibani, &		Olybanum, and
Mastiches pulveratorum, an.	℥ ij.	Mastic in Powder, an.	℥ ij.

Mix them with the rest, and stir the Oyntment till it be cold.

The Receipt of this Oyntment in the Dispensatories is much alike. But if you examine them well, you will find that with great reason several Simples either of a cold or tem∣perate quality are omitted, that rather hinder the good effects of the hot, then com∣municate any vertue to the Oyntment; and that those which are introduc'd in their stead, deserve to take their place.

Ʋnguentum Martiatum is highly commended, and succesfully us'd in all cold diseases of the Head, the Stomach, the Liver, and all the other Bowels, and of all the parts of the Body, particularly against Convulsions, and Relaxations of the Nerves, the Sci∣atica, and all sorts of Gouts, and Rhumatismes that proceed from cold causes: It sof∣tens and dissolves hardnesses, especially of the Liver and Spleen, the Nerves and Joynts, and appeases their pains. It is highly commended in Dropsies and Tympa∣nies, the Belly being anointed therewith: It is made use of sometimes alone, some∣times mix'd with Spirit of Wine, Oyls, and other Oyntments; and also with Treacle, to anoint such parts of the Body as have need thereof.

Unguentum de Althaea.		Oyntment of Marsh-Mallows.
R. Radicum Althaeae recentium & minutim incisarum,	℥ vj.	℞. Roots of Marsh-Mallows fresh, and cut small,	℥ vj.
Seminum integrorum Lini, & Fenugraeci,		Whole seeds of Line, and Fenugreek,
Laminarum scillae minutim incisarum, an.	℥ iiij.	Slices of Squills cut very small, an.	℥ iiij.
Aquae Fontanae,	lb viij.	Fountain-water,	lb viij.

Put them together into a Copper-tinn'd-vessel, and pour upon them eight pints of common water; let them macerate over a very soft fire for 24 hours, stirring them from time to time with a wood'n Spatula; then let them boil gently, stirring them of∣ten, till the Muscilages are sufficiently thick; and having strain'd and press'd them through a strong close woven Cloth, mix-with the press'd Muscilage eight pints of com∣mon oyl; then boil them again over a gentle fire, till the superfluous moisture of the Muscilages be consum'd: and having strain'd them again,

℞. Cerae fl••vae,	lb j.	℞. Yellow Wax,	lb j.
Colophoniae, &		Colophony, and
Resinae, an.	lb ss.	Rosin, an.	lb ss.

Cut them in little pieces, and melt them, and if you observe any Feces at the bottom of the Vessel, strain them again, or at least separate by Inclination the clear from the impure, while the substances are very hot; then stir the Oyntment, and when it grows thick,

℞. Terebinthinae Venetae,		℞. Venice-Turpentine,
Galbani puri,		Pure Galbanum,
Gummi Hederae pulveratae, an.	℥ ij.	Gum of Ivy powder'd, an.	℥ ij.

Incorporate them together, and mix them with the rest, stirring the oyntment till it be quite cold.

The preparation of the Muscilages necessary for this oyntment, has been a stumbling∣block to many Authors, the most part of which have prescrib'd excessive quantities of Simples, from whence to extract the Muscilages, pretending to extract them with a very small quantity of water. Some fearing to mistake, have altogether omitted the quantities, as well of the roots, as of the water, prescribing only a certain quantity of Muscilages. Others ignorant of these kinds of preparations, direct the same Sim∣ples to be well bruis'd, believing erroniously, that there is no other way to extract Muscilages. But laying aside these different preparations, I believe an Artist may find here sufficient satisfaction, as well for the quantities of the Simples necessary for the Muscilages, as for the quantity of the water, and the method of preparation.

Oyntment of Marsh-Mallows, moistens, softens, and gently heats: It is proper to expel wind, and cause a transpiration of the serosities that fall between the Muscles of the Breast. It asswages pain in the sides, softens the hardness of the Bowels and Nerves, and the Tumours that happen to the parts of the body, particularly the Parotides, or swellings under the Ears, and about the Neck; it is us'd alone, and sometimes mix'd with other Oyntments, Oyls and Cataplasmes.

Unguentum Basilicum.		Basilicon Oyntment.
℞. Cerae flavae,		℞. Yellow Wax,
Sevi Arietini,		Rams Tallow,
Resinae,		Rosin,
Picis Navalis, &		Ship-Pitch, and
Terebinthinae Venetae, an.	lb j.	Venice-Turpentine, an.	lb j.
Olei communis,	lb v.	Common Oyl,	lb v.

Cut the yellow Wax, the Tallow, the Rosin, and black Pitch into little pieces, and melt them together in the Oyl, in a Copper Bason, over a gentle fire; then strain them through a coarse piece of Linnen, and incorporate the Turpentine with the straining, and the Oyntment is made.

Some Authors have prescrib'd not above half the quantity of the Oyl, not consi∣dering that so small a quantity cannot suffice to give a total consistency to the Oynt∣ment, whereby it would prove so solid, as not easily to be got out of the Pot. Others leave it to the judgment of the Artist to proportion the quantity; but it was better to regulate the proportion for young beginners for the preparation of an oyntment, as much or more in use then any other.

The Name of Basilicon, or Royal, is given to this oyntment, as well for the vertues, as the frequent use. It is also call'd Suppurative, because it digests and hastens Suppu∣ration. It operates very gently, and asswages the pains that are felt while the matter is ripening; it cicatrizes also wounds when the matter is come forth. It is spread a∣lone upon Linnen-folds, and sometimes mix'd with yolks of Eggs, Turpentine, or o∣ther Oyntments, Oyls and Emplasters.

Unguentum Egyptiacum.		The Egyptian Oyntment.
℞. Aeruginis Aeris,	℥ x.	℞. Rust of Brass,	℥ x.
Aceti Acerrimi,	℥ xiiij.	Strong Vinegar,	℥ xiiij.
Mellis Optimi,	℥ xxviij.	The best Honey,	℥ xxviij.

Bruise the Rust of Brass, dissolve it in the Vinegar, pass it through a Hair-sieve, and boil them both together with the Honey to the consistence of a soft oyntment.

The inconveniences which I suffer'd formerly, when, according to the method of the Ancients and Moderns, I was wont to beat the Verdigrease dry'd, the small dust

whereof getting into my Eyes and Nostrils, caus'd a most insupportable Corrosion. These inconveniences, I say, caus'd me to seek out some way to avoid them: There∣upon, finding it so easie to incorporate Verdigrease with Vinegar and Honey, I thought I might as well dissolve the Verdigrease in Vinegar, or at least steep it in such manner, that it might pass through the Hair-sieve with the Vinegar, and leave upon the Sieve the little pieces of Copper and Feces of the Grapes that us'd to be mix'd with it: which succeeded so well, that ever since I have practis'd that way which I was desirous to impart to publick view.

For the preparation therefore of this oyntment, take eleven ounces of Verdigrease instead of the ten ounces here prescrib'd, to supply the waste of the little pieces of Copper, or the Feces of the Grapes which are usually mix'd with it. Put them into a Copper Frying-pan, and hold them over a gentle fire, and having very well bruis'd them with a wood'n-pestle, and steep'd them in the Vinegar prescrib'd, pass the whole through a Hair-sieve; and if any of the Verdigrease remain in the Sieve, return it in∣to the Pan, bruise it, and steep it in some portion of the same Vinegar, and pass it a∣gain through the Sieve, till only some useless pieces of the Copper and Lees of the Grapes remain behind. Then boil the dissolution with the Honey prescrib'd over a gentle fire, stirring it from time to time till it come to the consistence of a soft oynt∣ment, and look of a red colour.

Some say, that an Egyptian Physician invented this oyntment, and gave it the name; others, that it was call'd Egyptiacum, because of its colour. However it were, the prin∣cipal use of it is to consume rotten flesh, and superfluities of Ulcers that hinder the growing of the live flesh: It operates vigorously, and with some pain: For which rea∣son the oyntment of the Apostles is made use of in its place, when there is no reason for any such violent effects. Usually it is enough to anoint the Tents and Linnen Rolls with this oyntment.

Unguentum Apostolorum.		The Apostles Oyntment.
℞. Cerae Citrinae,	℥ iiij.	℞. Yellow Wax,	℥ iiij.
Resinae,		Rosin,
Terebinthinae, &		Turpentine, and
Ammoniaci, an.	ʒ xiiij.	Ammoniac, an.	ʒ xiiij.
Lythargyri Auri,	ʒ ix.	Litharge of Gold,	ʒ ix.
Olibani,		Olibanum,
Aristolochiae rotundae,		Round Birthwort,
Bdellii, an.	ʒ vj.	Bdellium, an.	ʒ vj.
Myrrhae,		Myrrh,
Galbani, an.	℥ ss.	Galbanum, an.	℥ ss.
Opopanacis,		Opoponax,
Viridis Aeris, an.	ʒ ij.	Verdigrease, an.	ʒ ij.
Oleicommunis,	lb ij.	Common Oyl,	lb ij.

Beat the Birthwort-root, as also the Litharge, Myrrh, Bdellium, and Verdigrease in a large Brass-Mortar; melt the Opoponax, Galbanum, and Gum-Ammoniac in a Brass-Mortar heated, and incorporate the Turpentine with them when they are melted. In the mean while, cause the Rosin and Wax to be cut into small pieces, and melted with the Oyl: Then take out the mixture of the Gums and Turpentine out of the Mor∣tar while it is hot, and put it into a Copper Frying-Pan; and holding the Pan over a gentle fire, incorporate the Wax and the Rosin, stirring the whole with a wood'n-Pestle till the Ingredients are well united: Then take the Pan from the fire, stirring continu∣ally till the oyntment begin to thicken; then mix first the Verdigrease to give the oynt∣ment its green colour, afterwards add the other Powders mix'd together before; and when all the ingredients are well incorporated, and cold, put up the oyntment for use. I think there cannot be a better method for this preparation, as well to preserve the vertue of the Ingredients, as for their well mixing. But if any other Artist have found a better way, he may do well to communicate it as frankly as I have done this.

It is call'd Ʋnguentum Apostolorum, rather from the number of the Medicaments, then for any use that the Apostles made of it. The Ancient, and most part of the Modern Receipts of this oyntment, prescribe no more Wax then Rosin and Turpentine: Ma∣ny Authors also direct the boiling of the Litharge with some part of the Oyl, and al∣most all prescribe the boiling and dissolving the Gums with the Vinegar. True it is, that

the oyntment may be prepar'd without augmenting the weight of the Wax, whether you boil the Litharge in some part of the oyl or no, or whether you mix the Gums after you have boil'd and dissolv'd in the Vinegar; but I think it better to proceed otherwise: For the augmentation of the Wax is not to be disapprov'd, considering that if you follow the usual proportion of oyntments, two pints of oyl require six ounces of wax: and it were well prescrib'd, but that some consideration must be also had to the Rosin, Gums, and Litharge, and other Powders that give some substance to the oyntment: Nor is there any fear that the augmentation of the wax should, whose vertues are so well known, diminish the vertues of the oyntment.

The Apostles Oyntment is very much us'd to cleanse Wounds and Ulcers, for it con∣sumes putrefaction and superfluities, and causing the sores to look well, afterwards dries and cicatrizes them.

Unguentum Aureum.		The Golden Oyntment.
℞. Olei communis,	lb ii ss.	℞. Common Oyl,	lb ii ss.
Cerae Citrinae,	lb ss.	Yellow Wax,	lb ss.
Terebinthinae Venetae,	℥ ij.	Venice-Turpentine,	℥ ij.
Resinae,		Rosine,
Colophoniae, an.	℥ i ss.	Colophony, an.	℥ i ss.
Olibani,		Olibanum,
Mastiches, an.	℥ j.	Mastich, an.	℥ j.
Croci,	ʒ j.	Croci,	ʒ j.

Pulverize apart the Olibanum, Mastich, and Saffron; and having melted over a gentle fire the Wax, Rosin, and Colophony in the Oyl prescrib'd, take the Vessel from the fire, and mix the Turpentine, stirring the oyntment gently till it begin to grow thick; at which time mix the Powders, continually stirring the oyntment till all the Ingredients are well united.

This Oyntment is thus call'd from its Golden colour, especially if the Rosin, Wax, and Colophony be of a good colour, and pure; and if the Saffron be new.

The use of it is chiefly to incarnate and cicatrize Wounds and Ulcers.

Unguentum Mundificativum de Apio.		A Cleansing Oyntment of Parsley.
℞. Foliorum Apii,	M iij.	℞. Leaves of Parsley,	M iij.
Hederae terrestris,		Ground-Ivy,
Absinthii majoris,		Bigger Wormwood,
Centaurii minoris,		Lesser Centaury,
Chamaedryos,		Germander,
Salviae,		Sage,
Hyperici,		S. John's Wort,
Plantaginis,		Plantaine,
Millefolii,		Millfoil,
Vincae pervinc••,		Perwincle,
Consolidae majoris, &		Bigger Consound, and
Mediae,		Midling-Consound,
Betonicae,		Betony,
Caprifolii,		Woodbine,
Verbenae,		Vervain,
Veronicae,		Speedwell,
Galei lutei,		Yellow Ladies Bed-straw,
Centinodiae,		Centinody,
Ophyoglossi,		Adders-tongue,
Pimpernellae,	M ij.	Pimpernel,	M ij.
Olei communis,	lb viij.	Common Oyl,	lb viij.
Picis Albae,		Black Pitch,
S••vi Arietini,		Rams Suet,
Cerae Citrinae, &		Yellow Wax, and
Terebinthinae, an.	lb ij.	Turpentine, an.	lb ij.

Gather the Herbs, if it may be done, all the same day, when they are in their full vertue, and bruise them in a Marble-Mortar. Melt the Wax, Pitch, and Suet in a Copper-pan tinn'd within, over a gentle fire in the Oyl; put in the bruis'd Herbs, and boil them together gently, stirring the ingredients from time to time with a wooden Spatula; and when the moisture is almost all consum'd, strain and strongly press out the whole; when the straining is cold, and separated from the Feces and moisture,

℞. Pulveris Myrrhae Electae, &		℞. Powder of Select Myrrh, and
Aloes Succotrinae, an.	℥ iiij.	Aloes Succotrine, an.	℥ iiij.
Aristolochiae Rotundae, &		Round Birth-wort, and
Radicis Freos Florentiae, an.	℥ ij.	Root of Florence-Orrice, an.	℥ ij.

Incorporate all these finely powder'd with the whole, and the Oyntment is made.

There are several Modern Receipts of this Oyntment, but various, both in respect of the ingredients, and manner of preparation. But if you examine this, I believe you will find it rightly prescrib'd in all respects, and as rightly and methodically pre∣par'd.

Some for the preparation of a cleansing Oyntment, content themselves to extract the juice of some of these Plants, and to boil it among the Oyl, and other Medica∣ments which are apt to melt. But besides that the juices alone are not able to impart their vertue to the Medicine, unless assisted by those other parts of the Herbs from whence they are drawn, we know by experience that they cannot communicate nei∣ther to this nor any other oyntment their green colour, unless the Herbs be boil'd whole.

This Oyntment is proper to cleanse all sorts of Ulcers and Wounds, dissipate ex∣crementitious serosities, and to prevent them from breeding. It is also esteem'd a∣gainst the biting of Mad-dogs.

Unguentum Mundificativum de Resina.		A Cleansing Oyntment of Rosine.
℞. Olei communis,	lb j.	℞. Common Oyl,	lb j.
Resinae,		Rosine,
Terebinthinae, &		Turpentine, and
Mellis communis, an.	lb ss.	Common Honey, an.	lb ss.
Cerae flavae,	℥ iij.	Yellow Wax,	℥ iij.
Myrrhae Electae,		Select Myrrh,
Sarcocollae,		Sarcocoll,
Farinae Lini, &		Flower of Lineseed, and
Fenugraci,		Fengreek,
Thuris, &		Frankincense, and
Mastiches, an.	℥ j.	Mastic, an.	℥ j.

Cut the Wax into small bits, and melt it in the oyl prescrib'd over a gentle fire, and having separated the filth, and stirr'd the oyntment till it be half cold, add the Honey and Turpentine first, then the Flower of Lineseed and Fengreek, and lastly the Gums finely powder'd, and incorporate all well together.

This Oyntment was invented, by reason of the difficulty to get the Herbs that com∣pound the Mundificative of Parsley, at all times.

This oyntment is as it were a Deputy in the place of the Parsley-oyntment, and is al∣most as much in use, and not much inferiour in vertue.

Unguentum Agrippa.		Agrippa's Oyntment.
℞. Radicum Brioniae,	lb ij.	℞. Roots of Briony,	lb ij.
Cucumeris Asinini,	lb j.	Wild Cucumber,	lb j.
Scilla,	lb j.	Squills,	lb ss.
Ireos,	℥ iij.	Orrice,	℥ iij.
Filicis,		Fern,
Ebuli, &		Danewort, and
Tribulorum aquaticorum, an.	℥ ij.	Water-Caltrops, an.	℥ ij.

Having cleans'd, wash'd, and bruis'd the Herbs in a Marble-Mortar, put them into a narrow-mouth'd glaz'd Earthen pot, and pour the prescrib'd oyl upon them; then cover the Pot, and keep it four and twenty hours upon hot Embers; after that, boil the ingredients gently, stirring them from time to time with a wood'n Spatula, and covering the Pot still when you have done, till the moisture of the Roots be almost consum'd; then having strain'd and press'd the whole strongly forth, and having puri∣fy'd the oyl, mix with it

Cerae Citrinae,

℥ xviij.

Yellow Wax,

℥ xviij.

Then take the Vessel from the fire, and stir the oyntment till it be almost quite cold.

The impossibility that four pints of oyl should retain the vertue of all the Roots here prescrib'd, according to the Ancients, has caus'd an alteration of six pints of oyl, and the weight of the Wax to be augmented.

I have not inserted this oyntment here, though said to be made by King Agrippa, who liv'd in the time of S. Paul, for the frequent use that is made of it, but for its ver∣tues that recommend it for the cure of the Dropsie, by anointing the Belly with it; and the Splenetic, by anointing the part where the pain lies. It is also good to dissolve hard and knotty swellings that happen to the Nerves, and to appease the pains in the Kid∣neys. It also loosens the Belly of Children, and tender Persons, apply'd to the Region of the Stomach and Navel.

Unguentum Neapolitanum.		The Neapolitan Oyntment.
℞. Axungia Suillae,	lb ij.	℞. Sows-grease,	lb ij.
Argenti vivi,	lb j.	Quick-silver,	lb j.
Terebinthinae Venetae,	℥ iiij.	Venice-Turpentine,	℥ iiij.
Axungiae Viperina,		Vipers fat,
Olei Laurini, &		Oyls of Laurel, and
De Spica,		Spike,
Cerae Flavae, &		Yellow Wax,
Styracis Liquidae, an.	℥ iiij.	Liquid Storax, an.	℥ iiij.

Pass the Quick-silver through a piece of Shamoys-leather, and incorporate it with the Turpentine, stirring both together in a large Brass-Mortar for a good while; and when the Turpentine has well devour'd the Quick-silver, add the Liquid Storax, and by degrees the Sows-grease, with the Wax melted in it; then add the Vipers fat, and the Oyls of Laurel and Spike, and after you have stirr'd them a long time, and well incorporated the whole, put up the oyntment for use.

There are several Receipts in several Dispensatories of this oyntment, and under a great many names, with a large number of Ingredients; but we thought fit to take no more then those that are sufficient to produce the effects desir'd from this Oynt∣ment.

Some, the more exactly to mix the raw Mercury with this oyntment, dissolve it in Aqua fortis, and afterwards evaporating it over a gentle fire, mix the Mercury thus dry'd with the remaining part, or else evaporate the Aqua fortis thus charg'd among the other Medicaments. But besides that you may very easily and effectually mix the Quick-silver with this oyntment, if you will but take the pains to stir it well with the Turpentine, and afterwards with the Storax, and other Ingredients; it is very incon∣venient to introduce the corrosive quality of the Aqua fortis into the oyntment, the bad effects whereof tender Constitutions will be sure to feel.

As for the Dose of the Mercury, you may augment or diminish it according to the various purposes of the Physitian, and the Constitutions of the persons for whom the oyntment is prepar'd: So that when you are to anoint persons of a strong Com∣plexion, who resist the penetration of the Mercury, you may augment the quantity to a third, or a half, and that of the Turpentine proportionably, the better to make the mixture: whereas for tender persons, four ounces, or a lesser quantity of Mercury is sufficient; or when you only design the oyntment to kill Fleas, or cure the Itch.

This oyntment is very much us'd for the cure of the Pox, especially when the venom thereof is spread over the whole habit of the body. The principal vertue of it lies in the Mercury, which attenuates, dissolves, and dulcifies thick flegm, which is the Seat

of the Venereal Venom, and brings it generally forth by Salivation. The usual cu∣stom is to anoint with this oyntment the Arms, the Legs, the Thighs, the Buttocks, and the Spine of the Back; and because that Mercury is accompted a very great Enemy to the Nerves, the best way is to add to this oyntment such Remedies as may in some measure counterbalance its bad effects; such are Oyls of Laurel, Spike, Vipers fat, Liquid Storax, and Turpentine, which fortifying the Nerves, serve also to assist the penetration of the Mercury: Not that all these Medicaments are sufficient to hinder altogether the bad effects of the Mercury, but we may certainly believe, that they do very much abate them. They may be also entirely carri'd off, or at least the greatest part of them dissipated after the Expulsion, by making use of powerful Dia∣phoretics; and among the rest, volatile salts of Animals, in the number of which is Salt-Ammoniac, of which I my self have seen the wonderful effects, upon a person very coarsly handl'd by the Mercury; which is to be attributed to the volatility and penetration of those Salts, which being dispers'd by the heat of the Stomach through the whole habit of the body, and divided at least into as many Particles as there may be of Mercury, seeking to get out through the pores of the skin, carry along with them such Particles of the Mercury as they meet with in the way, and drive them out mix'd and dissolv'd in the sweat which they have provok'd.

Ceratum Refrigerans.		A Cooling Cerate.
℞. Olei Rosati,	lb j.	℞. Oyl of Roses,	lb j.
Cerae Albae,	℥ iij.	White Wax,	℥ iij.

Break the Wax, and put it with the Oyl into a glaz'd Earthen-pot, and set the Pot in a hot Mary's Bath, till it be well melted in the Oyl; then taking off the Vessel, stir the oyntment without intermission with a wood'n-Pestle till it be cold, adding in the mean time two ounces of fair water, and continuing the same stirring: when the first water is suckt up, add more, continuing to add more water, and stir, till the oyntment be white enough, and that you find it have water enough; then pour out all the water by inclination, and put up the Cerate for use. Some there are that mix an ounce of Vi∣negar distill'd to make it more piercing.

This Cerate is very frequent in Shops. It is good to be apply'd, by way of Unction, upon all parts that have need of cooling: For which reason it is very serviceable a∣gainst heats of the Reins, Flegmons, Erysipela's, and Tetters. It is highly approv'd for appeasing the pain of the Emrods, to cure peelings of the Skin, to allay inflam∣mations of the Thighs, and other parts of the bodies of little Children, and fat pursie people, and to cure chaps, and other sores at the end of Womens Breasts. It serves also for the cure of Burns, alone or mix'd with other oyntments, and to temper the heat of the Hypochondriums. It is also mix'd with oyntment of Ceruse, when there is occasion to dry or close.

Ceratum Santalinum.		A Cerate of Sanders.
℞. Olei Rosati,	lb j.	℞. Oyl of Roses,	lb j.
Cera Alba,	℥ iiij.	White Wax,	℥ iiij.

Put them together into a glaz'd Earthen-pot, and melt the Wax in a hot Mary's Bath; take the Pot off the fire, and stir them with a wooden-Pestle till the oyntment be half cold; then

℞. Rosarum Rubrarum,	ʒ xij.	℞. Red Roses,	ʒ xij.
Santali Rubri,	ʒ x.	Red Sanders,	ʒ x.
Albi, &		White, and
Citrini, an,	ʒ vj.	Yellow, an.	ʒ vj.
Boli Armenae,	ʒ vij.	Bole-Armoniac,	ʒ vij.
Spodii,	℥ ss.	Spodium,	℥ ss.
Camphorae,	ʒ ij.	Camphire,	ʒ ij.

Bruise the Sanders in a great Marble-Mortar, moistning them from time to time with Rose-watert, o give a red colour to the white and yellow Sanders, and increase their scent; and having pass'd them through a Silk-sieve, heat the red Roses dry'd in the same Mor∣tar; then mix the Powders with the Spodium, and the Bole-Armoniac bray'd upon Porphyry, and the Camphire beaten with never so little Spirit of Wine; incorporate all together with the oyntment, and put it up for use.

It is good for the cure of Flegmons, to allay the hot intemperatures of the Stomach, Liver and Reins; to which purpose it is apply'd alone, or mix'd with equal parts of oyntment of Roses: Sometimes the Forehead and Temples are anointed therewith, being mix'd with Popler-oyntment, and a little Opium somewhat liquid, as well to provoke sleep, as ease the pains of the Head.

Ceratum Stomachicum.		A Cerate for the Stomach.
℞. Olei Cydoniorum,	lb j ss.	℞. Oyl of Quinces,	lb j ss.
Cerae Albae,	℥ vj.	White Wax,	℥ vj.
Mastiches Electae, &		Choice Myrrh, and
Rosarum rubrarum, an.	ʒ xx.	Red Roses, an.	ʒ xx.
Foliorum Absinthii Siccorum,	ʒ xv.	Dry'd leaves of Wormwood,	ʒ xv.
Nardi Indicae,	ʒ x.	Indian-Nard,	ʒ x.

After you have melted the white Wax, with the Oyl of Quinces, in a glaz'd Ear∣then-pot over a gentle fire, and stirr'd it till it begins to thick'n, incorporate with it all the other ingredients very finely powder'd.

You may melt the Mastich in some part of the Oyl, and mix it afterwards with the dissolution of the Wax, if the Mastich be very clean. But because it is generally foul, we are oblig'd to beat it a-part in a Brass-Mortar, sprinkling it with some drops of water, and to pass it through a Silk-sieve; and then this Powder is easily mix'd with the rest.

The Ancients prescribe, after the melting the white Wax in Oyl of Roses, to wash the mixture several times in Rose-water; and then having melted it again, to wash it again with Juice of Quinces, and thick Wine. But because these Lotions add very lit∣tle Astringency to these sorts of Remedies, it is much better to make use of the Oyl of Quinces wherein the Juice of Quinces has boil'd, and to let alone the Oyl of Roses.

It is call'd the Stomach-Searcloth, because it is chiefly us'd in distempers of the Sto∣mach, which it strengthens, helps digestion, gives an appetite, stays vomiting, expels wind, digests bad humours, and facilitates their expulsion; for which reason it is ap∣ply'd hot to the Stomach.

Ceratum Diasulphur.		A Cerate of Sulphur.
℞. Olei Nucum Juglandium expressi,	lb j.	℞. Oyl of Wall-nuts press'd,	lb j.
Florum Sulphuris,	℥ ij.	Flowers of Sulphur,	℥ ij.
Salis Tartari,	℥ j.	Salt of Tartar,	℥ j.

Digest them all together in a Sand-bath moderately hot, till the Flowers of Sulphur are dissolv'd in the Oyl: Pour out by inclination the clear liquor into a Brass Frying∣pan tinn'd within, and over a gentle fire melt therein

Cerae Citrinae,	℥ iiij.	Yellow Wax,	℥ iiij.
Colophoniae,	℥ iij.	Colophony,	℥ iij.

Then taking the Pan from the fire, and stirring the Ingredients till they are half cold, incorporate

Myrrhae Elect. subtiliter pulverat. ad pon∣dus omnium, & factum erit Cera∣tum.

The full weight of all the Ingredients of Myrrh finely powder'd, and the Sear∣cloth is made.

This Sear-cloth is very proper to soften and dissolve scrophulous Tumours, and all sorts of exteriour gatherings together of cold Matters hard to dissolve. It is also a Specific to dissolve Tumours in the Testicles, caus'd by some Venereal Venom, and to cleanse all sorts of Ulcers. It is to be spread upon Linnen, or upon Leather, and ap∣ply'd to the parts affected; but when it is apply'd to the Testicles, make use of a Purse and Swathing-bands.

CHAP. VI. Of Emplasters.

EMplasters are Compositions outwardly apply'd, but more solid then Oyntments, so as to be made into hard Rolls, or Langates, when they are boil'd, and cold; and are kept wrapt only up in Paper. Emplasters were invented to make a longer stay up∣on the parts then Oyls and Oyntments, and because they keep much longer, without any diminution of their vertue. Oyls, Fats, Wax, Pitch, dry Rosins, Turpentine and Gums, are the usual Ingredients of Emplasters, to which are sometimes added Li∣tharge, Ceruse, Verdigrease, several Powders, and several Liquors.

There are no absolute Rules for the proportion of the Ingredients, but what are to be observ'd in the particular Receipts of several Plaisters, in the preparation of which you shall find what is to be practis'd, as well for the particular ordering of every Me∣dicament, as for the boiling and mixture of the whole. Emplasters are us'd for the cure of Wounds and Ulcers, to asswage pain, strengthen, stay Defluxions, Vomitings, Emrods, for Suppuration, Dissipating, Dissolving; and for many other purposes too long to recite.

Emplastrum Album, sive de Cerusa.		The white Plaister, or Plaister of Ceruse.
℞. Cerusae Venetae, &		℞. Venetian-Ceruse, and
Olei Rosati, an.	lb iiij.	Oyl of Roses, an.	lb iiij.
Aquae Fontanae,	lb ij.	Fountain-water,	lb ij.
Cerae Albae,	℥ viij.	White Wax,	℥ viij.

Take white, weighty, pure and brittle Ceruse, and rub it to powder over a Hair∣sieve revers'd: Then put it into a large Copper-Vessel, broad at the top, and conic to∣ward the bottom, and tinn'd within, and incorporate the oyl and water prescrib'd, cold as they are, with the Powder, stirring them with a strong wooden Spatula, about two foot long, and two fingers broad at one end; then set the Pan over a Charcoal-fire lighted in a proper Furnace, and boil the Ingredients, stirring them without intermissi∣on, till they begin to sink to the bottom of the Vessel, not so much by the diminution of the heat of the fire, as the consumption of the water that kept them so high: Then taking the Pan from the fire, try the consistence of the Syrup, (and if it be not sufficiently boil'd, set it on again, to evaporate by continual stirring that little moi∣sture that may remain, and hinder the Plaister from thickning as it ought. When it is sufficiently boil'd, melt the Wax into it, still stirring it till it be almost cold: Then take out the whole mass, and upon a smooth Table moisten'd, make it up into little rolls, as thick and long as your finger, and cover them with Paper.

Though this Plaister may be made with no more then three pound of Ceruse, ac∣cording to the old Dispensatories, and boiling it very gently, and without making use of any moisture; yet I am of opinion, that the augmenting the weight of the Ceruse, augments the vertue of the Plaister; and that the addition of the water preserves the whiteness of it, and facilitates the preparation. Minium is left out, in regard the Plaister is intended to be white, though you may make use of Litharge well prepar'd, and it will be almost as white as that made with Ceruse.

According to the directions above-giv'n, while the water serves as an Intermedium between the Oyl, the Ceruse, and the Fire, keeping the Ingredients rais'd, and as it were suspended, and prevents the ill impressions which otherwise they might receive, you may boil the Plaister in an hour, or an hour and a half, and have it as white and as

good as can be desir'd; and not being subject to the long and troublesom Preparation of the Ancients, there is no fear of that ill success that usually attends it. Nor is there any need of washing the Ceruse, since the Water boyl'd with it, and preserving the good qualities of the Ceruse, during the Coction of the Emplaster, produces a better Effect then all the Lotions that can be expected.

Some add and boyl distill'd Vinegar in this Emplaster, pretending to open the Ceruse, and make it more fit to incorporate with the Oyl: But that care is to little purpose, since that Ceruse, and all Limes, or Calx's of Lead, easily incorporate with Oyl, by the means of boyling and stirring, without the help of the Vinegar.

As for the addition of Bay-salt, I think there is no reason for it; for that would but make the Plaister cause smarting and stinging, which is principally design'd to heal the deformities of the Skin, to dry up Peelings and superficial Exulcerations, to cica∣trize Wounds and Ulcers, and allay Inflammations. It is also approv'd for the cure of Scalds and Burnings.

Emplastrum Palmeum.		The Diapalma Plaister.
℞. Lithargyri Auri preparati, &		℞. Litharge of Gold, and
Olei Communis, an.	lb iij.	Common Oyle, an.	lb iij.
Axungiae Suillae, &		Sows Grease, and
Decocti tenuiorum Ramorum Palmae vel Quercus, an.	lb ij.	Decoction of the tender Boughs of Palms o•• Oak, an.	lb ij.

Boyl the tops of the Branches of Palm or Oak, bruis'd or cut very small, over a gentle fire, in three pints of Water, to the consumption of the half; and having press'd out the whole, reserve the strain'd Decoction. Chuse the Litharge of Gold of a deep colour, greasie to handle, and having bruis'd it in a large Brass Mortar, and steep'd it in two or three pints of Water, pour out the thick Water hastily into another Ves∣sel, which Water will be charg'd with the most subtile part of the Litharge, while the grosser descends to the bottom of the Water: then beat the Litharge in the Mortar again, steep it in the first Lotion, or in fresh Water, and having pour'd out the troubl'd Wa∣ter, by Inclination, into the fine Litharge at the bottom of the Vessel; do this again, till there remain at the bottom of the Mortar nothing but onely the impure Litharge, that will not be beaten smaller: Then let the Lotions settle, and pour out the Water by Inclination, and dry the Pouder. Take the quantity of this Powder prescrib'd, and mix it cold in such a Copper pot as is describ'd for the Ceruse Plaister, stirring it with the Oyle, Grease, and Decoction of Palm branches; and when they are well incorporated together, boyl them over a good fire, in a proper Furnace, stirring them continually with a wood'n Spatula, and keeping an equal heat during the Coction;

Sub finem, addendo,		Toward the end whereof, add,
Chalcitidis nativae, vel Vitrioli ad rube∣dinem calcinati, & in portione Decocti diluti,	℥ iv.	Of Natural Chalcitis, or Vitriol cal∣cin'd to redness, and steep'd in some part of the Decoction,	℥ iv.

Then boyl them all together to the consistence of an Emplaster.

If you desire the Plaister should look white, add double the weight of white Vitriol.

This Method of Boyling the Tops of the Palm-branches, and consuming the Deco∣ction with the Plaister, is superiour to any other; for while it imparts thereby the Vertue of those Ingredients to the Emplaster, it hinders the bad Impressions of the fire, and boyls the Emplaster in less time.

There is no Plaister more in use then that of Diapalma: It is made use of for the cure of Wounds, Ulcers, Tumours, Burns, Contusions, Fractures, Childblains, and to lay upon Cauteries, as well in Plaister, as in Saradrap, and is almost an Universal Re∣medy for all sorts of external Sores. Sometimes it is reduc'd to the consistence of a Ceruse, by mixing with it a third or fourth part of its weight in Honey, by the name of Diapalma dissolv'd, or Cerate of Diapalma.

Emplastrum Diachylon Simplex.		Simple Diachylon Plaister.
℞. Radicum Altheae mundatarum, & minu∣tim incisarum,	ʒ vj.	℞. Roots of Marsh-mallows, cleans'd and cut small,	ʒ vj.
Seminum integrorum Lini, & Fenugreci, an.	℥ iv.	Whole Seeds of Line, and Fengreek, an.	℥ iv.
Aquae Fontanae,	lb vj.	Fountain Water,	lb vj.

Macerate them twenty four hours over a very soft fire, stirring them from time to time; then boyl then over a gentle fire, to the consistence of a thick Muscilage: which done, strain and press them out strongly. Then

℞. Olei Communis,	lb iv.	℞. Common Oyle,	lb iv.
Lithargyri Auri,	lb ij.	Litharge of Gold,	lb ij.

Mix the Oyl with the Litharge cold, in a Vessel like the former; and having added and well incorporated the Muscilages, stir the whole without intermission, and as swiftly as may be, as well to keep the Litharge from falling to the bottom, as to procure the Plai∣ster its due whiteness. Continue boyling and stirring till the Mass begins to sink, which is a sign that the greatest part of the Muscilages is consum'd; then slack'n the fire to half the heat, and onely to evaporate the superfluous moisture, which being consum'd, the Plaster is sufficiently boyl'd to the whiteness and consistence it ought to have.

Some would have the Muscilages added by degrees, and at the end of the Coction: But beside that it is a more tedious way, 'tis most certain, that the Muscilages will bind the Litharge with the Oyle much better, and keep it from burning, not burning themselves, which they would do, if onely put in at the end; and by their assistance the Plaister be∣comes much more white, and of a better consistence.

It is call'd Diachylon, from the mixture of the Juyces of the Roots of Althea, and Seeds of Line and Fengreek. It is call'd White, from its colour.

I need not give you the Receipt of Emplastrum Diachylon Ireatum, which may be made at any time, by mixing an ounce of fine Powder of Florence Orrice, with a pound of Dia∣chylon; which is highly recommended to soften and dissolve Hardnesses and Schyrrous Tumours of the Liver, Spleen, and all the Bowels; to discuss scrofulous or Kings-Evil-Humours, and the old remainders of Apostemes. It allays the heat of Wounds, conglu∣tinates those which are not very deep, cures the Inflammations of the Neck of the Matrix, being put up like a Pessarie, eases the Gouttie; and, in a word, is proper whereever there is occasion to mollifie and cool.

Emplastrum Diachylon composi∣tum Gummatum.		Compound Diachylon Gumm'd.
℞. Radicum Altheae, mundatarum & minu∣tim incisarum,	℥ iv.	℞. Roots of Marsh-mallows, cleans'd and cut small,	℥ iv.
Ficuum, &		Figgs, and
Passularum pinguium mundatarum & pa∣riter incisarum, &		Fat Raisins cleans'd and cut small, and
Seminum integrorum Lini, & Fenugreci, an.	℥ ij. ss.	Whole Seeds of Line, and Fengreek, an.	℥ ij. ss.
Aquae Fontanae,	lb vj.	Fountain Water,	lb vj.

Put them all together into a glaz'd Earthen pot, and set the pot over a very soft fire for twenty four hours, stirring the Matters from time to time with a wood'n Spatula: then augmenting the fire, boyl the whole gently, still stirring them, till the Muscilages are be∣come very thick; strain and press them, and reserve the Muscilages.

Eodem{que} tempore,		And at the same time,
℞. Succorum Scillae, & Ireos Nostratis, an.	℥ iv.	℞. Juyces of Squills, and French Orrice, an.	℥ iv.

Wrap a large Squill in Wheaten paste, and put it into a Bakers Oven among the Bread; throw away the paste and the dry skins, and beat the moist slices in a Marble Mortar, with a wooden pestle: then strain and press out the juyce through a small Linen bag. Rasp or bruise the Orrice, newly gather'd, in a Mortar, and squeeze out the juyce through a Linen bag.

Tunc in Muscilaginem redige,		Then reduce into a Muscilage
Ichthyocollae minutum incisae,	℥ j.	Of Mouth-Glew or Water-Glew, cut small,	℥ j.

Put it into a glaz'd Earthen pot, and pour upon it four ounces of the foregoing Juyces: keep the pot over a very soft fire, stirring the Ingredients with a wooden Spa∣tula, till the whole be reduc'd into a just Muscilage, and keep it apart.

Tunc,		Then,
℞. Lithargyri Auri preparati,	lb ij.	℞. Litharge of Gold prepared,	lb ij.
Oleorum Chamomillae,		Oyls of Camomil,
Ireos Nostratis, & Anethi, an.	℥ xvj.	French Orrice, and Anise, an.	℥ xvj.

Put the Litharge in a proper Copper pot, and incorporate it, from the fire, with the Oyls and the first Muscilages, stirring them continually with a wooden Spatula, and boyl them together, as I directed in the white Diachylon: When they are almost boyl'd, slacken the fire, and add the Muscilages of the Water-glew, incorporated with the Oe∣sipus, stirring them continually, till the moisture of the Muscilages be almost consum'd, and that the Composition be sufficiently thick:

Tunc,		Then,
℞. Terebinthinae Venetae,	℥ vj.	℞. Venice Turpentine,	℥ vj.
Resinae Pini,		Pine Rosine,
Cerae Flavae, &		Yellow Wax, and
Oesipi humidi, an.	℥ iv.	Moist Grease of Wooll, an.	℥ iv.
Galbani,		Galbanum,
Sagapeni, &		Sagapen, and
Bdellii in Vino dilutorum, trajectorum & ad Mellis densitatem coctorum, an.	℥ ij.	Bdellium dissolv'd in Wine▪ pass'd through a strong Cloth Sieve, & boyl'd to the thickness of Honey, an.	℥ ij.

Mix the Oesipus with the Water-glew as before. Melt the Wax and Rosin in the hot Consistence: Incorporate the Gums with the Turpentine, and having mixed the whole, set it over a gentle fire, till the superfluous moisture of the Gums be consum'd; then take the Pan from the fire, let the Plaister cool, and make it up into Rolls, to be covered with Paper.

The most part of the Receipts of this Emplaster in the Dispensatories, not containing above the half of the Receipt of this, order an ounce and half for the Dose of every sort of Muscilage, not having determin'd the quantity of every part of the Simples out of which they are to be extracted; nor having consider'd, that so small a quantity of Musci∣lage cannot communicate much vertue to an Emplaster which requires more then the sim∣ple Diachylon, in the Composition of which, they have order'd Muscilages in a larger quantity. For which reasons, we have prescrib'd the quantity of the Ingredients out of which the Muscilages are to be extracted, and so order'd it, that the Plaister may have its due soliditie, and that the Mass may be considerable.

Could you get Gums in tears, perfectly pure, you might soften and melt them in a Brass Mortar, heated with a hot Pestle, and mix them in the Composition being incorpo∣rated with the Turpentine, without keeping the Plaister long upon the Fire: But being foul, and hardly to be got clean enough for internal Medicines, there is no better way then to dissolve, strain, and thicken them, as is directed; especially considering, that it is

a very difficult thing to powder these Gums, especially if they be now; and that for these purposes there is no great regard to be had to the dissipation of their subtile parts.

This Plaister is us'd in all cases where the simple Diachylon is prescrib'd; but it ope∣rates with much more efficacy then the other, because of the powerful Ingredients which are added. The principal Vertues of it are, to digest, dissolve, discuss, and ripen all sorts of Tumours.

Emplastrum de Mucaginibus.		Emplaster of Muscilages.
℞. Radicum Altheae mundatarum, & minu∣tim incisarum,		℞. Roots of Marsh-mallows, cleans'd, and cut very small,
Corticis medii Ʋlmi pariter incisi,		The middle Rind of Elm, cut in the same manner,
Seminum integrorum Lini, &		Whole Seeds of Line, and
Fenugreci, an.	℥ j. ss.	Fengreek, an.	℥ j ss.
Aquae communes,	lb ij. ss.	Common Water,	lb ij ss.

Put them into a glaz'd Earthen pot, and let them macerate for twenty four hours over a very soft fire, stirring them often with a wooden Spatula; then augment the fire, and boyl them to a sufficient thickness. Mix with this Muscilage

Oleorum Chamomillae,		Oyls of Camomil,
Liliorum, &		Lillies, and
Anethi, &		Dill, and
Medulla cruris Bovis, an.	℥ j ss.	Marrow of an Oxes Thigh, an.	℥ j ss.

Boyl the Muscilages again, with the Oyls and the Marrow, over a very gentle Fire, for fear of burning the Muscilages, till the moisture be almost all consum'd.

Tunc,		Then,
℞. Cerae Citrinae,	℥ xx.	℞. Yellow Wax,	℥ xx.
Terebinthinae,	℥ ij.	Turpentine,	℥ ij.
Ammoniaci,		Ammoniac,
Galbani,		Galbanum,
Opopanacis,		Opopanax,
Sagapeni, an.	℥ ss.	Sagapen, an.	℥ ss.
Croci subtiliter pulverat.	ʒ ij.	Saffron finely powdered,	ʒ ij.

Melt the Wax in the hot Oyls where the Muscilages were boyl'd; then take the whole from the fire, and when it is almost cold, first add the Turpentine with the Gums incorporated, being melted or dissolv'd as before directed; then lastly add the Saffron, and make the Plaister into Rolls.

The Vertues of this Plaister are much the same with the former; but it has this particular, not to suppurate Swellings which can be cur'd by dissolution: And therefore it is very much us'd to dissolve Contusions in the Head, Breasts, and other Parts, when you desire to hinder Suppuration, the Matters not being dispos'd to that purpose. How∣ever, it will ripen those that may be conveniently brought to Suppuration.

Emplastrum Polychrestum.		A Plaister for many Ʋses.
℞. Olei Communis,	lb ij.	℞. Common Oyl,	lb ij.
Aquae fontanae	lb j ss.	Fountain-water,	lb j ss.
Cerusae, &		Ceruse,
Lithargyri Auri, &		Litharge of Gold, and
Argenti, an.	lb ss.	Silver, an.	lb ss.

Powder the Litharge and Ceruse, and having incorporated them with the Oyl and Water cold, boyl them i•• a Copper pan tinn'd within, as directed for the Diapalma; and

when the Water is almost consum'd, and the Ingredients boyl'd to the thickness of an Emplaster,

℞. Cerae Citrinae, &		℞. Yellow Wax, and
Terebinthina Venetae, an.	℥ viij.	Venice-Turpentine, an.	℥ viij.

Melt the Wax in little pieces; then take off the Pan from the fire, and add the Turpen∣tine, and when the plaister is almost cold, make it up into Rolls.

This Plaister is call'd Polychrestum, because it is proper for many Infirmities; parti∣cularly, for all sorts of Ulcers and Burns, Chops and Clefts in the Breasts, Hands, Feet, and Fundament, whether proceeding from Childblains, or otherwise. It is also us'd for the cure of Wounds, and to discuss and dissipate the remainder of Apostemes. It is also proper to make a Saradrap to dress Cauteries.

Emplastrum Nigrum.		The Black Plaister.
℞. Olei Communis,	lb j.	℞. Common Oyl,	lb j.
Vini, &		Wine, and
Aceti, an.	lb j.	Vinegar, an.	lb j.
Lithargyri Auri, &		Litharge of Gold, and
Cerusae Venetae, an.	℥ viij.	Venetian Ceruse, an.	℥ viij.

Incorporate the Ceruse and Litharge with the Oyl cold; then mix them with the Wine and Vinegar, boyl them in a Copper tinn'd Pan as before, over a gentle fire at first, but so increas'd as to consume the moisture. Stir the Ingredients with a wooden Spatula, and continue to boyl them over a moderate fire, till they look of a dark colour, and their consistence be a little thicker then that of ordinary Emplasters.

Deinde,		Then,
℞. Cerae Flavae,	lb j.	℞. Yellow Wax,	lb j.
Colophoniae,		Colophonie,
Pices Navalis, &		Black Pitch, and
Terebinthinae Venetae, an.	lb ss.	Venice-Turpentine, an.	lb ss.
Lapidis Magnetis preparati,		Magnet-stone prepar'd,
Plumbi usti, &		Burnt Lead, and
Myrrhae Electae, an.	℥ ij.	Select Myrrh, an.	℥ ij.

Melt the Wax, Pitch, and Colophonie in the hot Composition; then take the Pan from the fire, and add the Turpentine, and when the Mass is half cold, mix the Adamant ground upon Porphyrie, moistning it with a little Water, or some Vulnerarie Decocti∣on; and the Lead burnt in a Crucible, with equal parts of Sulphur, to make the Plaister look more black; and the Myrrh powder'd.

This Plaister is highly commended for the cure of all sorts of Wounds, as well made by Cuts or Thrusts, as bruising. It is also us'd for the cure of Ulcers, especially those that are old and obstinate, being very proper to cleanse and consolidate.

Emplastrum Cephalicum.		A Cephalic Emplaster.
℞. Gummi Tacamahaccae sublimis,		℞. Odoriferous Tacamahacca,
Benzoyni,		Benjamin,
Sytracis,		Storax,
Mastiches,		Mastich,
Hederae,		Gum Ivie,
Olibani,		Galbanum,
Labdani puri, an.	℥ ij.	Pure Labdanum, an.	℥ ij.
Cinnamomi, &		Cinnamon, and
Terebinth. Venetae, an.	℥ j.	Venice-Turpentine,	℥ j.
Caryophyllorum, &		Cloves, and
Nucis moschatae, an.	℥ ss.	Nutmegs, an.	℥ ss.

Beat together in a large Brass Mortar, and sift through a Hair Sieve, the Cloves, Cin∣namon, and Nutmegs. Beat the Tacamahacca, Gum Ivie, Benjamin, Mastich, Oliba∣num, apart by themselves, and sift them through a Hair Sieve. Melt the Labdanum first of all in a hot Brass Mortar, with a heated Pestle; then the grains of Liquid Storax: af∣ter that add the Powders by degrees, well mingled together before, and reduce the whole into a Plaister, beating the Mass as long as the heat of the Mortar and the Ingredients will permit.

You may beat and sift the Labdanum, if it be very dry; but 'tis not much matter, if you observe my Directions. You might also melt the most part of the Gums in the hot Mortar, if they be clear and pure, or if you made a less quantity of Plaister; but the best way is to pulverize them. You may also add a little more Liquid Storax, if you desire the Plaister softer. The hardness of the Mass when the Mortar grows cold, requires a continual heat, while you continue to beat the Ingredients, and to heat the out side when you take them forth: and for the same reasons the Plaister must be roll'd while it is warm.

This Plaister is very much used in Languedock and Provence. It strengthens the Brain, stays Defluxions, and draws forth the Serosities and thick and viscous Humours that an∣noy it: which you shall find true by tryal, contrary to the Opinion of those who say, that Emplasters stop the Pores of the Skin. This Plaister is usually laid upon the Mould of the Head, and therefore called by some Emplastrum pro Commissuris, A Plaister for the Su∣tures. It is also appli'd to the Temples, to stay Defluxions that fall from the Eyes and Teeth, and to ease their pain.

Emplastrum Stomachicum.		A Stomach Plaister.
℞. Styracis Electae,		℞. Select Storax,
Tacamahaccae odoratae, an.	℥ iv.	Odoriferous Tacamahacca, an.	℥ iv.
Succini,		Amber,
Caryophyllorum,		Cloves,
Nucis Moschatae,		Nutmegs,
Mastiches, &		Mastich, and
Aloes Succotrinae, an.	℥ j.	Aloes Succotrine, an.	℥ j.
Cinnamomi,	℥ ss.	Cinnamon,	℥ ss.
Styracis liquidae,	q. s.	Liquid Storax,	q. s.

Bruise together in a large Brass Mortar, and sift through a Hair Sieve the Cin∣namon, Cloves, Nutmegs, and Amber: Beat apart, and sift through the same Sieve the Tacamahacca, Mastich, and Aloes. After that, having heated a large Brass Mor∣tar and Pestle, melt the Rozen and Storax, and having incorporated them with about four ounces of Liquid Storax, add by degrees the Powders, well mingled before; and after you have beaten the Ingredients for some time, to unite them well, take the Mass out of the Mortar while it is warm, and roll it up before it be cold.

There are several Receipts of Stomach Emplasters, compos'd of a great number of Ingredients, but very ill proportion'd, and must in all things give way to this; of which all the Ingredients, as odoriferous as full of vertue, are very proper to strengthen the Stomach, assist Digestion, stay vomiting, and dissipate Flatuosities, and create an Appetite. This Plaister is to be spread upon Leather, or Silk, like a Scutcheon, and laid warm upon the Stomach, and may be worn for a longer or less time, as necessity requires

Emplastrum Nicotianae.		The Tabacco Plaister.
℞. Sevi Arietini,		℞. Rams Tallow,
Picis Albae, &		Black Pitch, and
Resinae, an.	lb j ss.	Rosin, an.	lb j ss.
Cerae Citrinae,	lb j.	Yellow Wax,	lb j.
Nicotianae recentis contusae,	lb iij.	Fresh Tabacco-leaves bruis'd,	lb iij.

Bruise the Tabacco leaves in a Marble Mortar, with a wood'n Pestle; and having boyl'd them with the Rams Suet, Pitch, and Rozen, over a gentle fire, in a Copper pan tinn'd, stirring them from time to time, till the moisture of the Nicotian be almost consum'd, strain and strongly press forth the Composition: then let it cool, and having thrown away the Foeces remaining at the bottom,

℞. Gummi Ammoniaci puri, &		℞. Gum Ammoniac pure, and
Terebinthinae Venetae, an.	℥ viij.	Venice Turpentine, an.	℥ viij.

Melt the Gum Ammoniac in a Brass Mortar heated, and incorporate it with the Tur∣pentine, and mix them with the other Ingredients, off from the fire; and when the Mass is almost cold, make it up into Rolls.

Nicotian being the foundation of this Plaister, and the Ingredient that gives it its princi∣pal Vertue, 'tis but reason that it should be us'd in a larger quantity then is prescrib'd in several Dispensatories: and to the end it may equally communicate its Colour and Ver∣tue, in stead of making use of the Juyce, as the Ancients did, the better way is to put in the Leaves whole, and bruis'd, according to the foregoing Directions.

This Plaister is recommended to mollifie hard internal Tumours, particularly those of the Liver and Spleen, although they should prove to be Schirrous; whence it has acquir'd the name of The Hepatic and Splenetic Plaister.

Emplastrum de Cicuta.		The Hemlock Plaister.
℞. Olei Sambuci,	lb ij.	℞. Oyl of Elder,	lb ij.
Succi Cicutae,	lb j. ss.	Juyce of Hemlock,	lb j. ss.
Lithargyri Auri,	lb j.	Litharge of Gold,	lb j.

Boyl over a moderate fire the Litharge of Gold powder'd, with the Oyl and Juyce prescrib'd, stirring them continually with a large wood'n Spatula, till the moisture be al∣most consum'd, and that the Mass have the consistence it ought to have:

Tunc,	Then,
℞. Succi Cioutae ad Mellaginem inspissati, lb ss.	℞. Juyce of Hemlock thick'nd to the sub∣stance of Honey, lb ss.

Boyl the Juyce to the thickness of Honey, and over a gentle fire evaporate the super∣fluous moisture.

Postea jungatur,	Afterwards add,
Gummi Ammoniaci Aceto Scillitico soluti trajecti, & lento igne spissati, lb j.	Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar of Squills, pass'd through a strong cloth, and thick'nd over a gentle fire, lb j.

Stir the whole continually, till the Emplaster have acquir'd a laudable consistence, and be fit to be made up in Rolls.

You may also make a Plaister of Hemlock, making the same preparation of it as of Nicotian, and mixing it with the same Medicaments as are prescrib'd for the Nicotian Plaister, and observing the same Doses.

The Hemlock Plaister may produce the same Effects as that of Nicotian, being us'd for the same Infirmities; and it may be as well call'd The Hepatic and Splenetic Plaister.

Emplastrum Diaphoreticum.		A Diaphoretic Plaister.
℞. Cerae Flavae,	℥ xvj.	℞. Yellow Wax,	℥ xvj.
Myrrhae Electae,		Select Myrrh,
Colophoniae, an.	℥ iv.	Colophonie, an.	℥ iv.
Succini Citrini,	℥ iij.	Yellow Amber,	℥ iij.

Terebinthinae,		Turpentine,
Gummi Ammoniaci, &		Gum Ammoniac, and
Galbani in Aceto dissolutorum, trajecto∣rain, & spissatorum, an.	℥ ij.	Galbanum, all dissolv'd in Vinegar, pass'd through a strong Cloth, and thick'nd, an.	℥ ij.
Sandaracae,	℥ j.	Sandarach,	℥ j.
Thuris & Mastichis, an.	℥ ss.	Frankincence and Mastich, an.	℥ ss.

After you have powder'd the Myrrh, Amber, Frankincense, and Mastich, every one apart, and pass'd them through a Silk Sieve, dissolve the Ammoniac and Galbanum in Vinegar, strain through a course Cloth, and thick'n them over a gentle fire. Melt the Wax and Colophonie in a Copper pan, and when the Ingredients are half cool'd, put in the thick'nd Gums incorporated with the Turpentine; and a while after, add the Pow∣ders, and the Emplaster is made.

This Plaister is good to draw forth Scrosities that lie in the Flesh, through the pores of the Body; so that you shall find them in drops upon the Plaister and the Skin. It is a Specific against the Sciatica, the Tumours under the Ears, Swellings of the Hands and Feet, and all Tumours that require not Suppuration. It is also prevalent against the Scor∣butic Hardnesses of the Legs, Nerves, and Joynts; against Contusions, to discharge them of the Scrosities that fall upon them at the time of Fractures and Dislocations, and to allay the pains thereof.

Emplastrum de Galbano.		The Galbanum Plaister.
℞. Galbani,	ʒ vj.	℞. Galbanum,	ʒ vj.
Emplastri de Meliloto, &		Emplaster of Melilot, and
Diachyli simplicis, an.	℥ iij.	Simple Diachylon, an.	℥ iij.
Cerae Flavae,	℥ ij.	Yellow Wax,	℥ ij.
Terebinthinae Venetae,	℥ j.	Venice Turpentine,	℥ j.
Croci Pulverati,	ʒ vj.	Saffron pulveriz'd,	ʒ vj.

Dissolve the Galbanum in Vinegar, pass it through a strong Cloth, and thick'n it over a moderate Fire: Melt the Wax, cut in pieces, with the Diachylon and Melilot, over a soft Fire: then add the Turpentine, incorporated with the Galbanum. Then take it off the fire, stir it till it begins to grow thick, and lastly add the Saffron powder'd.

This Plaister has been very much experimented for the softning and dissolving of hard and schirrous Tumours; to asswage the Pains of the Shoulders, the Breast, the Sides, the Nipples, the Hypochondrium, Liver and Spleen, caus'd by Flatuosities or cold Humours: For, it softens, asswages, digests, dissolves, and powerfully discusses Matters gather'd to∣gether in those Parts.

Emplastrum de Meliloto.		Melilot Plaister.
℞. Summitatum floridarum Meliloti,	℥ iij.	℞. The flowrie Tops of Melilot,	℥ iij.
Radicis Iridis,		Root of Orrice,
Seminis Fenugreci,		Fengreek-seed,
Foliorum Absinthii,		Leaves of Wormwood,
Gummi Ammoniaci,		Gum Ammoniac,
Myrrhae, an.	℥ j.	Myrrh, an.	℥ j.
Radicum Cyperi,		Roots of Cyperus,
Altheae,		Marsh-mallows,
Nardi Celticae,		Celtic Nard,
Baccarum Lauri,		Laurel Berries,
Florum Chamomillae,		Flowres of Camomil,
Croci, an.	℥ ss.	Saffron, an.	℥ ss.
Cerae Citrinae,	lb j.	Yellow Wax,	lb j.
Resinae,		Rosin,
Picis Albae,		White Pitch,
Sevi Hircini, an.	℥ iv.	Goats Tallow, an,	℥ iv.
Terebinthinae Venetae, &		Venice Turpentine,
Olei Absinthii, an.	℥ iij.	Oyl of Wormwood, an.	℥ iij.

Dry and pulverize the Saffron apart; beat the Roots, Seeds, Berries, Herbs, Flow∣ers, and also the Gums, being chosen very pure, and pass them through a Silk-sieve: Melt the Wax over a gentle fire in a Copper-pan, together with the Rosin, white Pitch, and Goats Tallow, after which add the Turpentine and Oyl of Wormwood; then take the Pan from the fire, let it cool a little, then incorporate the Powders by degrees, and when all the Ingredients are well united, make up the Plaister in Rolls, and paper it up for use.

The most part of the Receipts of Melilot in the Dispensatories are very much per∣plex'd, as well for the great number of Medicaments, the irregular proportions, as the various and irrational preparations: And therefore I am perswaded this Receipt will be admitted before others, when the regularity of the proportions, and the easi∣ness of the preparation shall be examin'd.

This Plaister is chiefly recommended to thicken and discuss hard and condens'd mat∣ters: among the rest, the inveterate hardnesses of the Spleen, Liver and Stomack, and all the Bowels. It is also proper to bring down the extension of the Hypochondriums, to dissipate Flatuosities, and appease the pains that are caus'd thereby.

Emplastrum de Betonica.		The Betony-Plaister.
℞. Foliorum virentium		℞. The green leaves of
Betonicae,		Betony,
Lauri,		Laurel,
Plantaginis,		Plantain,
Apii, &		Parsley, and
Verbenae rectae contusorum, an.	M iij.	Vervain rightly bruis'd, an.	M iij.
Resinae,		Rosin,
Picis Albae,		White Pitch,
Terebinthinae Venetae, &		Venice-Turpentine, and
Cerae Citrinae, an.	lb ij.	Yellow Wax, an.	lb ij.

Bruise the leaves in a Marble-Mortar with a wooden Pestle; melt the Wax, Pitch and Rosin over a gentle fire in a tinn'd Copper-Pan, and afterwards the Turpentine; and then having mix'd the bruis'd Herbs with them, boil them together, stirring them continually over a gentle fire, till the moisture of the Herbs be almost all consum'd: Strain the Ingredients hot through a New Cloth, and press them strongly forth; when the straining is almost cold, separate and throw away the Feces, and melt it again over a soft fire: Take it off; and when it begins to thicken, and to be half cold,

℞. Mastiches, &	℞. Mastich, and
Olibani subtiliter pulverat. an. ℥ ij.	Olibanum very finely powder'd, an. ℥ ij.

Mix them with the Composition, and make up the Plaister into Rolls.

This Plaister bears the Name of Betony, as being the principal Ingredient. There are several Receipts, some less, some more compounded. Some only make use of the Juices of these Plants: But certainly the Herbs bruis'd and boil'd among the other In∣gredients, are incomparably better for the reasons already alledg'd. Some use black Pitch, though inferiour to the white, as well because it discolours the Plaister, as for that it has lost much of its good parts by the burning of the branches of the Trees from whence it was drawn; whereas white Pitch flows of it self from the Tree, and possesses all those volatile parts which are dissipated in the other.

The use of this Plaister is to heal wounds of the Head, which it cleanses and cicatri∣zes. It also fetches out of the pores of the Skin the serosities that stay in several parts of the body, especially those of Sciatica's and Rhumatismes. It also dissolves Contu∣sions, and soften Corns in the Feet.

Emplastrum Manus Dei.		The Plaister of Gods Hand.
℞. Olei communis,	lb viij.	℞. Common Oyl,	lb viij.
Lithargyri Auri praep.	lb iiij.	Litharge of Gold prepar'd,	lb iiij.
Cerae Citrinae,	lb ij.	Yellow Wax,	lb ij.
Terebinthinae Venet.	lb j.	Venice-Turpentine,	lb j.
Galbani,		Galbanum,
Opoponacis,		Opoponax,
Ammoniaci,		Ammoniac,
Sagapeni,		Sagapen,
Myrrhae,		Myrrh,
Olibani,		Olibanum,
Mastiches, an.	℥ viij.	Mastich, an.	℥ viij.
Olei Laurini,	℥ vj.	Oyl of Laurel,	℥ vj.
Lapidis Calaminaris,		Lapis Calaminaris,
Magnetis,		Loadstone,
Aristolochiae longae & rotundae, an.	℥ iiij.	Long and round Birthwort, an.	℥ iiij.

Grind the Lapis Calaminaris and Loadstone upon a Porphyry moisten'd with some vulnerary water, and dry them. Beat together in a large Brass-Mortar the two Birth∣worts, and the Myrrh and Mastich apart; sift all the Powders together thorough a Silk-sieve; then put the full weight of the Galbanum, Ammoniac, Opoponax, and Sagapen, well bruis'd, into an Earthen glaz'd pot, and dissolve them over a gentle fire, in about two pints of good Vinegar; strain them hot through a strong Cloth, and having well press'd them, return that which remains in the Cloth over the fire; and having dissolv'd it in new Vinegar, strain'd and press'd it as before, evaporated by de∣grees over a gentle fire the superfluous moisture of the Vinegar, and boil the Gums till they are sufficiently thick, at which time incorporate the Turpentine, and keep the whole apart.

Then having put the Litharge of Gold prepar'd in Powder in a Copper-Pot tinn'd, incorporate it cold with the Oyl, stirring them continually with a large wood'n Spatula; then mix therewith three pints of common water, and boil them together over a good fire, stirring them without intermission, till the whole has acquir'd the consistence of a solid Emplaster: At which time melt the Wax; and then taking the Pot off the fire, when the whole is somewhat cold, add the Gums incorporated with the Turpentine, and Oyl of Laurel, and lastly the Powders, and be sure that all the Ingredients be well united together.

Manus Dei Plaister is very famous, and has been much us'd for a long time, so that many Ladies of Quality take the pains to make it, and distribute it to the Poor, whom I advise to be careful of the directions here giv'n for its preparation: For it is not e∣nough to have a good Receipt, if the Medicine be spoil'd in the preparation. The ad∣dition of the water causes the Plaister to be sooner boil'd, keeps the Litharge from sink∣ing, and the Oyl from burning.

Which occasions me to give this farther Item, that you must stay till the Litharge and Oyl have acquir'd the consistence of a solid Plaister, before you add the Wax; other∣wise by the addition of the weight of the Wax, which you must be constrain'd to aug∣ment, the Plaister would prove too soft.

This Plaister is every day succesfully us'd for the cure of all sorts of Wounds, Ul∣cers, Contusions and Tumours: It mollifies, digests, dissolves, and brings to suppura∣tion such matters as require it: For it never suppurates those which may be dissipated by transpiration, or otherwise; and when it has ripen'd and drawn the matters forth, it draws no more, but cleanses, cicatrizes, and consolidates altogether.

Emplastrum Andreae a Cruce.		The Plaister of Andrea Cruce.
℞. Resinae,	℥ xij.	℞. Rosin,	℥ xij.
Gummi Elemmi,	℥ iiij.	Gum Elemmi,	℥ iiij.
Terebinthinae Venetae, &		Venice-Turpentine, &
Olei Laurini, an.	℥ ij.	Oyl of Laurel, an.	℥ ij.

Break the Rosin and Gum Elemmi, and having melted them together over a gentle fire, add the Turpentine, and Oyl of Laurel; and when they are all well incorporated, strain the whole through a Cloth, to separate the filth that may be mix'd with the Gums; then let the Plaister cool, and roll it up.

This Plaister is us'd for wounds of the Breast, for which it serves without a Tent. It is also proper to cleanse and consolidate other wounds and Ulcers, to dissipate Contu∣sions, strengthen the parts in Fractures and Dislocations of the bones, and to draw forth from the Pores such serous humours, as are the cause of the Sciatica and Rhumatismes.

Emplastrum Magneticum Angeli Salae.		Angelus Sala's Magnetic Plaister.
℞. Sagapeni,		℞. Sagapen,
Ammoniaci, &		Ammoniac, and
Galbani, an.	℥ iij.	Galbanum, an.	℥ iij.
Cerae Flavae,		Yellow Wax,
Terebinthinae, an.	℥ iiij ss.	Turpentine,	℥ iiij ss.
Magnetis Arsenicalis,	℥ iij.	Arsenical Magnet,	℥ iij.
Terrae Vitrioli lotae,	℥ j.	Earth of Vitriol wash'd,	℥ j.
Olei succini,	℥ ss.	Oyl of Amber,	℥ ss.

Angelus Sala, the Author of this Plaister, prepares it thus.

After you have dissolv'd the Gums in twenty ounces of Vinegar of Squills over a mo∣derate fire, pass them through a strong Cloth, and boil them to the ordinary consistence of Emplasters, melt the Wax in a Copper-Pan with the Oyl of Amber, and having ta∣ken them off the fire, incorporate with them the Turpentine, Earth of Vitriol, and Arsenical Magnet finely pulveriz'd, together with the Gums thickn'd, and the Plaister is made.

Magnes Arsenicalis.		The Arsenical Magnet.
℞. Antimonii Hungarici,		℞. Hungarian Antimony,
Sulphuris Flavi, &		Yellow Sulphur,
Arsenici Chrystallini, an.	℥ ij.	Chrystaline Arsenic, an.	℥ ij.

Pulverize two ounces of pure Antimony, as much yellow Sulphur, and as much Chry∣staline Arsenic; and having mingl'd them together, put them over a Sand-bath mode∣rately hot, keep the Cucurbit there till the Ingredients are altogether dissolv'd, which you shall know by putting into the substances a small iron rod, for then they will stick to the rod and rope like Turpentine, but of a red shining colour, and like to Marca∣sites: Then let the Matters cool, break the Cucurbit, and keep the mass to be pulve∣riz'd, when occasion requires.

There are some, who to prepare Earth of Vitriol, sublime it with equal parts of Salt-Ammoniac: But besides that it is a difficult thing so to sublime the acid and salt parts either of the one or the other, but that there will remain some portion among the Earth, there is no need of adding Salt-Ammoniac to the Vitriol, nor any thing else to obtain the Earth, in regard you may easily find it at the end of the Distillation. As for washing the Earth of Vitriol, which some contend against, I think the Authors judgment is to be follow'd, who prescribes it wash'd. Besides, I am of opinion, that a dry Earth depriv'd of all the parts necessary to compose a mix'd body, is more proper to receive and impregnate it self with new substances, then if it had all that is requir'd to make up the body of a real Vitriol; considering that it is not intended to cut or at∣tenuate, but to suck up, or draw to it self the superfluous matters of the wounds, which may have some similitude of substance with the acid or salt parts which are found in the composition of the Vitriol. And to shew that this Earth still retains a Magnetic faculty, we find by experience, that being expos'd to the Air for some time, especially in the night, it rebecomes Vitriol, and is able to afford almost the same Spi∣rit, and the same parts which it had before Distillation.

The Author of this Plaister cries it up highly, and affirms, that being apply'd upon Bubo's and Pestilential Carbuncles, it ripens them quickly, opens them, and draws at the same time the Venom from the center to the circumference, by its magnetic faculty and similitude of substance, not permitting the wound to close, till all the venomous matter be drawn forth. He also assures us, that it makes the wound fit to be cleans'd

and consolidated, when all the virulent matter is drawn forth. It also perfectly cures the Kings-Evil, drawing the scrofulous matters from the remote parts of the body, perfecting it's work in five or six weeks; after which, it closes up the part without the use of any other Remedy: However, the Patient must be careful to purge, during the Cure, and to use Specific Decoctions, and other internal Remedies proper for the distemper. Being laid to old, putrid, and obstinate Ulcers, it draws out the Venom in two or three days, and causes a black Scab, which is to be soften'd with Butter, which being taken off, you shall find the flesh underneath very clean and lively.

The Arsenical Magnet is only a gentle Caustic, which operates with ease and success.

Emplastrum Divinum.		The Divine Plaister.
℞. Lithargyri Auri praep.	lb i ss.	℞. Litharge of Gold prepar'd,	lb i ss.
Olei communis,	lb iij.	Common Oyl,	lb iij.
Aquae Fontanae,	lb ij.	Fountain-water,	lb ij.

Boil them together to the thickness of an Emplaster.

Deinde permisce		Add then
Lapidis Magnetis praep.	℥ vj.	Magnet-stone prepar'd,	℥ vj.
Gummi Ammoniaci,		Gum-Ammoniac,
Galbani,		Galbanum,
Opoponacis, &		Opoponax,
Bdellii, an.	℥ iij.	Bdellium, an.	℥ iij.
Myrrhae,		Myrrh,
Olibani,		Olibanum,
Mastiches,		Mastich,
Viridis Aeris, &		Verdigrease, and
Aristolochiae Rotundae, an.	℥ i ss.	Round Birth-wort, an.	℥ i ss.
Cerae Flavae,	℥ viij.	Yellow Wax,	℥ viij.
Terebinthinae,	℥ iiij.	Turpentine,	℥ iiij.

Dissolve the Ammoniac, Galbanum, Bdellium and Opoponax in Vinegar over a soft fire, and thicken them as before directed; prepare the Magnet, as before directed: Beat the Olibanum, Mastich, Myrrh and Birthwort apart, and having boil'd and thicken'd the Litharge, Oyl, and Water, as before, then melt the Wax in the hot Com∣position; and when the Pan is off the fire, and the matters half cold, add the Gums thick'nd and incorporated with the Turpentine; then the Magnet mix'd with the Birthwort, Myrrh, Mastich, and Olibanum; and lastly, the Verdigrease; and having well stirr'd and mix'd all the Ingredients together, make up the Plaister into Rolls.

The vertues and uses of this Plaister are much the same with those of Manus Dei: It is nevertheless more cleansing, and accompani'd with some Acrimony, by reason of the Verdigrease which it contains. Nevertheless, they may be us'd for the same pur∣poses, the one as well as the other, and the one instead of the other.

Emplastrum Paracelsi.		Paracelsus.
℞. Olei communis,	lb ij.	℞. Common Oyl,	lb ij.
Lithargyri Auri,	lb j.	Litharge of Gold,	lb j.
Cerae Flavae,	lb ss.	Yellow Wax,	lb ss.
Terebinth. venet.	℥ iiij.	Venice-Turpentine,	℥ iiij.
Gummi Ammoniaci, &		Gum-Ammoniac, and
Elemmi, an.	℥ ij.	Elemmi, an.	℥ ij.
Olei Laurini,	℥ i ss.	Oyl of Laurel,	℥ i ss.
Bdellii,		Bdellium,
Opoponacis,		Opoponax,
Galbani,		Galbanum,
Mastiches,		Mastich,

Myrrhae,		Myrrh,
Thuris,		Frankincense,
Aloes,		Aloes,
Radicis Aristolochiae Rotundae,		Root of round Birth-wort,
Lapidis Calaminaris, an.	℥ j.	Lapis Calaminaris, an.	℥ j.

Having incorporated the Oyl and the Litharge in a large Plaister-Pan, and mix'd with them about a pint and a half of water, boil them together, stirring them conti∣nually with a large wood'n Spatula; and when they are boil'd, melt the Wax in them: then take the Pan from the fire, and mix first the Gummi Elemmi, melted with the Oyl of Laurel, and strain'd through a Linnen-cloth; after which, add the Ammoniac, Galba∣num, Bdellium, and Opoponax dissolv'd in Vinegar, strain'd through a strong Cloth, and well thick'nd over a soft fire, and incorporated with the Turpentine; then add the Birthwort-root and Calaminaris finely powder'd; and lastly, the Powders of Myrrh, Aloes, Frankincense, and Mastich; and having well incorporated the whole, make up the Plaister into Rolls.

The vertues of this Plaister are much the same with those of Manus Dei, and the Divine Plaister, nevertheless it dries and cicatrizes more.

Emplastrum de Linamento.		A Plaister of Lint.
℞. Linamenti veteris minutim incisi,	℥ viij.	℞. Old Lint cut small,	℥ viij.
Olei communis, &		Common Oyl, and
Aquae Fontanae, an.	lb iij.	Fountain-water, an.	lb iij.

Boil the Lint in the Oyl and Water prescrib'd over a gentle fire, till a third part of the water be consum'd; then strain and strongly press out the whole.

Expressioni adde		To the straining add
Cerusae Venetae pulverat.	lb ij.	Venice-Ceruse,	lb ij.

Boil them together in a Copper-Pan over a moderate fire, stirring them continually, to the substance of ordinary Plaisters; then

In illis liquefiant	Melt in the hot Composition
Cerae Citrinae, ℥ xij.	Yellow Wax, ℥ xij.

And when the whole is half cold,

℞. Myrrhae,		℞. Myrrh,
Mastiches,		Mastich,
Olibani, an.	℥ iij.	Olibanum, an.	℥ iij.
Aloes electi,	℥ ij.	Select Aloes,	℥ ij.

Powder them very finely, and mix them with the rest; and when all the Ingredients are well incorporated, make up the Plaister into Rolls.

Emplastrum Ischiadicum.		A Plaister for the Sciatica.
℞. Cerae Citrinae,		℞. Yellow Wax,
Picis Albae, &		Pitch white, and
Nigrae, &		Black, and
Terebinthinae, an.	℥ iiij.	Turpentine, an.	℥ iiij.
Gummi Ammoniaci, &		Gum-Ammoniac, and
Florum Sulphuris, an.	℥ ij.	Flowers of Sulphur, an.	℥ ij.

Olibani,		Olibanum,
Ireos, &		Orrice, and
Fenugreci pulveratorum, an.	℥ j.	Fengreek powder'd, an.	℥ j.

Powder the Orrice, Fengreek, and Olibanum a-part; and having mix'd them with the Flowers of Sulphur, melt the Ammoniac, the purest you can get, in a large Bra∣zen-Mortar heated, and incorporate it with the Turpentine; then having melted the Wax and the Pitch in a small Copper-Pan over a gentle fire, and pass'd them, mingle therewith the Ammoniac incorporated with the Turpentine; when the Composition is half cold, mix the Powders, and make up the Plaister into Rolls.

This Plaister is very effectual against Sciatic Gouts, drawing forth the serosities which are usually the cause of those Evils, and eases the pains thereof. It is also very proper against Rhumatismes, and discusses pains that are caus'd by serosities gather'd in the Flesh. You must be careful to take off the Plaister night and morning, and to wipe the part affected, before you lay it on again.

Emplastrum Stomachicum.		A Stomach-Plaister.
℞. Gummi Tacamahaccae sublimis,	℥ iiij.	℞. Odoriferous Tacamahacca,	℥ iiij.
Labdani puri,		Pure Labdanum,
Benjamini,		Benjamin,
Succini, &		Amber, and
Resinae Storacis, an.	℥ ij.	Rosin of Storax, an.	℥ ij.
Styracis Liquidae,	℥ j.	Liquid Storax,	℥ j.
Olei Nucis Moschatae,	℥ ss.	Oyl of Nutmegs,	℥ ss.

Pulverize very finely a-part the Amber, Benjamin, and Tacamahacca; prepare the Rosin of Storax, as for the Treacle: Heat a large Brass-Mortar and Pestle, and having melted the Labdanum therein, incorporate with it the Rosin of Storax, the Liquid Sto∣rax, and by little and little, the Powders in the last place; and having beaten the Mass as long as the heat of the Mortar, and the Ingredients will permit, take it out, and make it into Rolls, to be cover'd with Paper.

This Plaister is of a pleasing scent; it wonderfully fortifies the Stomach, dissipates Wind, gives an Appetite, assists Concoction of the Nourishment, and stays Vomiting, being laid upon the pit of the Stomach.

There are several Stomach-Emplasters in several Dispensatories, but far inferiour in vertue and odour.

This Plaister may be us'd instead of the Mastich-Plaister, if you only add to its Composition two ounces of Powder of Mastich.

Emplastrum pro Matrice.		A Plaister for the Matrix.
℞. Galbani purificati & spissati,	℥ iiij.	℞. Galbanum purifi'd and thickn'd,	℥ iiij.
Tacamahaccae, &		Tacamahacca, and
Cerae Citrinae, an,	℥ iij.	Yellow Wax, an.	℥ iij.
Myrrhae Electae, &		Select Myrrh, and
Terebinthinae, an	℥ iij.	Turpentine, an.	℥ iij.
Assa-Faetida,	℥ j.	Assa-faetida,	℥ j.
Pinguedinis in cistide Castorei contentae,	℥ ss.	The fat contain'd in the bag of the Ca∣stor,	℥ ss.
Oleorum stillatitiorum Succini, &		Distill'd Oyls of Amber, and
Rutae, an.	ʒ j.	Rue, an.	ʒ j.

The Impurities usually mix'd with Galbanum, constrain us to dissolve it with the Assa-Faetida in good Vinegar, and to pass them through a Cloth, and to thick'n them over a very soft fire: After which, unite these Gums with the Turpentine, to incor∣porate the whole with the Turpentine cut into little pieces, and melted over a very soft fire in a Copper-Pan; add the Castors fat, and a while after the Myrrh and Taca∣mahacca powder'd; lastly, the distill'd Oyls, and then stir and incorporate the whole well together with a wood'n-Pestle, and the Plaister is made.

This Plaister, as it is here prescrib'd, is compos'd of Ingredients well selected, and well proportion'd, and the preparation is not difficult. It is proper to quiet the ir∣regular motions of the Matrix, to suppress the vapours, and prevent the Suffocations by them caus'd. It is to be spread upon Leather proportionable, and laid upon the Navel, letting it lye on as long as is necessary. Sometimes you may put a grain of Musk or Cotton upon the middle of the Plaister before you lay it on, or else put up at the same time some few grains of Musk or Civet wrapt in Cotton into the Neck of the Matrix.

Emplastrum Oxycroceum.		Oxycroceum-Plaister.
℞. Cerae Citrinae,		℞. Yellow Wax,
Picis Navalis, &		Black Pitch, and
Colophoniae, an.	lb j.	Colophony, an.	lb j.
Terebinthinae,	℥ iiij.	Turpentine,	℥ iiij.
Gummi Ammoniaci, &		Gum-Ammoniac, and
Galbani aceto dissolutorum, trajectorum & spissatorum,		Galbanum dissolv'd in Vinegar, strain'd and thick'nd,
Croci,		Saffron,
Myrrhae, &		Myrrh, and
Thuris subtiliter pulveratorum, an.	℥ iij.	Frankincense very finely pulveriz'd, an.	℥ iij.

Having finely pulveriz'd apart the Saffron, Myrrh, Frankincense and Mastich, and dissolv'd in Vinegar, strain'd and thick'nd over a gentle fire the Galbanum and Am∣moniac, melt the Wax over a fire as gentle, adding thereto the Pitch, and Colophony, being well chosen: Then take the Pan off the fire, and add the Galbanum and Ammo∣niac, incorporated before with the Turpentine; a little while after add the Powders, and mix the whole well.

This Plaister takes its Name from the Saffron and Vinegar which is us'd for the disso∣lution of the Gums: It softens, and dissolves hardnesses, asswages the pains of the Nerves and Muscles, dissipates Contusions, fortifies the parts in Fractures and Dislocations of Bones; causes the Serosities there gather'd together to transpire, prevents new ones from flowing down, and helps very much the Generation of Callosity in the Fractures of Bones.

Emplastrum contra Herniam.		A Plaister against Burstness.
℞. Pellem Arietinam recentem cum sua lanae in partes dissectam; coque igne moderato, in sufficiente quantitate aquae, donec pellis om∣nino in aquae dissolutae fuerit. Coletur de∣coctum, lanaque fortiter exprimatur. In expressione coquantur Granorum alborum visci quercini, vel alteri••s Arboris astrin∣gentis,	℥ vj.	℞. Take the skin of a Ram newly kill'd, with the Wooll, cut in pieces; boil it over a moderate fire in a sufficient quan∣tity of water, till the skin be altogether dissolv'd in the water: Strain the De∣coction, and strongly press forth the Wooll. In the straining, boil the white Berries of Mistle-toe, or for want of them, of any other astringent Tree,	℥ vj.
Lumbricorum terrestrium in vino lotorum ℥ iiij. ad ipsorum dissolutionem.		Earth-worms wash'd in Wine ℥ iiij. till they are dissolv'd.
Deinde colentur, & exprimantur; expressio vero cum Lithargyri Auri praeparati, & Oleorum Cydoniorum & Myrtillorum, an. lb j. in Emplastrum coquatur.		Then strain and press them out, boil the strain'd and press'd liquor with Ly∣tharge of Gold prepar'd, Oyls of Quin∣ces, and Whortle-berries, an. lb j. over a gentle fire in a Copper-Pan, stirring them continually to the thickness of an Emplaster.
In illis deinde Liquefiant,		In these melt, being cut into little pieces,
Cerae Citrinae,	lb j.	Yellow Wax,	lb j.
Picis Navalis,		Black Pitch,
Rosine,		Rosine,

Terebinthinae, an.	lb ss.	Turpentine, an.	lb ss.
Deinde addantur,		Then take the Pan off the fire, and add,
Gummi Ammoniaci,		Gumm-Ammoniac and Galbanum dis∣solv'd in Vinegar, strain'd and thick'nd, and incorporated with the Turpentine,
Galbani,
Myrrhae,		Myrrh,
Thuris,		Frankincense,
Mastiches, &		Mastich, and
Sanguinis humani vel Porcini exsiccati, an.	℥ iiij.	Mans or Hogs blood dry'd, an.	℥ iiij.
Aristolochiae longae & rotundae,		Birth-wort long and round,
Symphyti majoris & minoris		Cumfrey greater and lesser,
Gallarum,		Galls,
Gypsi,		Plaister,
Boli Armenae, &		Bole-Armenian, and
Mumiae, an.	℥ iij.	Mummy, an.	℥ iij.

Fiat Emplastrum.

After the Gums mix the Powders of Man's Blood, Birthwort, Cumfry, Galls, Mummy, Plai∣ster, and Bole-Armenian sifted through a Silk-sieve; and lastly, the Myrrh, Frankin∣cense, and Mastich pulveriz'd apart, and incorporate the whole well together, by which means the Plaister will be of a due consistence, and keep long.

The non-plus which the most part of Apothecaries are at in the Composition of this Plaister, by reason of the irregular Receipts, and ill proportion'd quantities in most Dispensatories, requiring something better order'd, I could not forbear to give the satisfaction of this Receipt and Preparation.

This Plaister, taking its name from the use, is to be apply'd to the part, after the Inte∣stine is put up, and must be kept on with a Truss. By fortifying the part relax'd, it causes the Intestine to stay in its place; and by continuing it, the parts resume entirely their natural strength. It is also of great use in Fractures and Dislocations.

You may also prepare an Emplaster against Burstness with less Ingredients, more a∣stringent, and more effectual.

Emplastrum aliud contra Herniam.		Another Plaister against Burstness.
℞. Exuvias Anguillarum non salitas, & in aqua Calcis L••tas, quantum libuerit. Coque in Lixivio donec dissolvantur, & crassescant instar glutinis.		℞. Eel-skins never salted, newly flea'd, and wash'd in Lime-water, what you please. Boil them over a gentle fire, in clean Lye of ordinary Cinders, till they dissolve and grow thick like Glue.
Postea accipe,		Then take,
Glutinis illius trajecti,	℥ iiij.	Of this Glue being strain'd,	℥ iiij.
Lapidis Haematitis,		Blood-stone,
Sacchari Saturni,		Saccharum Saturni,
Stanni Ʋsti, an.	ʒ iij.	Burnt Pewter, an.	ʒ iij.
Gummi Ammoniaci in aceto acerrimo soluti, trajecti, & spissati,	℥ ii ss.	Gum-Ammoniac dissolv'd in strong Vi∣negar, strain'd and thick'nd,	℥ ii ss.
Olei Myrrhae stillatitii,	℥ ss.	Oyl of Myrrh distill'd,	℥ ss.

Put all these together, with the Glue finely powder'd, into a glaz'd Earthen-pot, and boil them all together over a very gentle fire, stirring them continually, till they have acquir'd the consistence of an Emplaster, and adding at last the distill'd Oyl of Myrrh.

This Plaister is one of the best that ever was invented to cure a Rupture, apply'd like the former.

Emplastrum pro Fracturis & Luxa∣tione Ossium.		A Plaister for Fractures and Disloca∣tions of Bones.
℞. Radicum Altheaemundatarum & minutim incisarum,	℥ vj.	℞. Roots of Marsh-Mallows cleans'd and cut very small,	℥ vj.
Aquae Fontanae,	lb iiij.	Fountain-water,	lb iiij.
Infundantur horis viginti quatuor super ignem exiguâm, saepius agitando spatulâ ligneu, deinde lento igne coquantur ad Muscilaginis sufficientem spissitatem; colentur & fortiter exprimantur, serveturque Muscilago. In∣terea,		Infuse them 24 hours over a soft fire, stir∣ring them often with a wood'n-Spatula: Then boil them over a gentle fire, to the due thickness of a Muscilage: Then strain and press out the Muscilage with a good strength, and set it aside. Then
℞. Radicum & foliorum Fraxini, &		℞, Roots and leaves of Ash, and
Consolidae majoris,		Greater Cumfrey,
Baccarum & foliorum Myrti, &		Berries and leaves of Myrtle, and
Foliorum salicis, an.	M j.	Leaves of Willow, an.	M j.
Contusa omnia coquantur igne lento, ad dimi∣diae partis consumptionem in		Bruise them all together, and boil them to the consumption of the half part in
Aquae Extinctionis Fabrorum, &		Smiths water, and
Vini austeri sub finem additi, an.	lb ij.	Sour Wine added toward the end, an.	lb ij.
Postea colentur & exprimantur, deinde		After that strain and press them out; then
℞. Lithargyri auri, &		℞. Litharge of Gold, and
Argenti praeparatorum, an.	℥ viij.	Silver prepar'd, an.	℥ viij.
Minii,	℥ ij.	Minium,	℥ ij.
Olei Rosati, &		Oyls of Roses, and
Myrtini, &		Myrtles, and
Saevi Hircini, an.	lb j.	Goats-Suet, an.	lb j.

Melt the Goats-Suet among the Oyls in large Plaister-Pan, and having incorporated them first cold, with the Minium and Litharges powdered, and afterwards with the Decoction and Muscilages, boyl them over a moderate Fire, stirring them continually with a large Wooden-Spatula to the thickness of Emplaisters.

Tunc		Then
℞. Cerae Citrinae,	℥ viij.	℞. Yellow-Wax,	℥ viij.
Terebinthinae,	℥ iiij.	Turpentine,	℥ iiij.

Melt the Wax in the Composition, and taking the Pan from the Fire, when it is somewhat cold, mix the Turpentine.

Deinde permisceantur,		Lastly add to the whole,
℞. Boli Armenae,		℞. Bole Armenian,
Terrae Sigillata,		Seal'd-Earth,
Olibani,		Olibanum,
Myrrhae, &		Myrrh, and
Mastiches subtiliter pulveratorum, an.	℥ iij.	Mastich all very finely powdred, an.	℥ iij.

Incorporate them well together and the Plaister is made.

This Plaister is one of those that are ill-proportion'd in the Prescriptions of the Ancients. For seven Ounces, two Drams of Minium and Litharge did not make the just proportion for eighteen Ounces of Oyls or Suet prescrib'd for this Emplaister: Be∣sides that they made use of too great a quantity of Muscilages, and Decoction in the boying of the same Ingredients. Which forc'd me to seek for a true proportion of Medicaments, and to give a more exact Prescription then that of the Ancients.

The name of this Emplaister denotes the Virtues and Uses. It fortifies the parts by its astriction, prevents the flowing of humours, and causes the growth and perfection of the callous flesh requisite in Fractures.

Emplastrum de Ranis cum Mercurio.		Plaister of Frogs with Mercury.
℞. Ranas Viventes,	N o xij.	℞. Live Frogs,	No xij.
Lumbricorum terrestrium purgatorum,	℥ iiij.	Earth-worms purg'd,	℥ iiij.
Radicum Ebuli, &		Roots of Dwarf-Elder, and
Enula campanae, an.	℥ iij.	Elecampane, an.	℥ iij.
Schoenanthi,		Camels Hay,
Stoechadis Arabicae, &		Arabian Stoechas, and
Matricariae, an.	M j.	Fetherfew, an.	M j.
Aceti Fortis,		Strong Vinegar,
Vini austeri, an.	lb ij.	Austere Wine, an.	lb ij.

Bruise the Roots of the Dwarf-Elder and Elecampane, and put them into a glaz'd Earthen-pot with the Vinegar and Wine, and after you have let them boil a while, put in the live-Frogs, and then the Worms. Cover the Pot, and boil the whole over a moderate fire for half an hour: Then having strain'd and press'd out the whole,

℞. Lithargyri auri praeparati,	lb ij.	℞. Litharge of Gold prepar'd,	lb ij.
Pinguedinis Porci, &		Barrows fat, and
Vituli, an.	℥ ix.	Calves fat, an.	℥ ix.
Oleorum Camomillae,		Oyls of Camomile,
Anethi,		Dill,
Liliorum,		Lillies,
Laurini, &		Laurel, and
Spicae, per infus. & decoct. parat. an.	lb ss.	Spike, prepar'd by Infusion and de∣coction,	an. lb ss.

Melt the Greases in the Oyls, and incorporate the Litharge with this mixture cold; and then with the Decoction reserv'd, in a Plaister-pan; then boil them over a moderate fire, stirring them continually with a wood'n Spatula, till the moisture being almost all consum'd, the whole have acquir'd the thickness of ordinary Emplasters.

In illis deinde liquefiant,		Then melt therein,
Cerae Citrinae,	lb j.	Yellow Wax,	lb j.
Axungiae Viperinae,	℥ iiij.	Vipers fat,	℥ iiij.

Melt the Wax first, and then the Vipers Grease, and when the whole is half cold,

℞. Pulveris Olibani,	℥ iij.	℞. Powder of Olibanum,	℥ iij.
Euphorbii,	℥ i ss.	Euphorbium,	℥ i ss.
Croci,	℥ ss.	Saffron,	℥ ss.
Mercurii vivi,	lb j.	Quick-silver,	lb j.
Terebinthinae, &		Turpentine, and
Storacis liquidae, an.	℥ iiij.	Liquid Storax, an.	℥ iiij.

When you have mix'd the Powders, immediately after put in the Quick-silver, having well united it in a great brazen Mortar with the Turpentine and Storax, and mix the whole exactly together.

The Opinions of Authors are very various, as well concerning the quantities of the Ingredients, as the preparation of the Plaister. But I suppose this prescription and preparation will give satisfaction, without farther insisting upon the bad proceeding of the Ancients.

Some of our Moderns prescribe, that the Mercury should be dissolv'd in Aqua For∣tis; and that the moisture of it should be evaporated with some part of the Vipers-Grease, and Oyl of Lillies. But that cannot be done, but that the Mercury would re∣tain the most part of the sharp and corroding parts of the Aqua Fortis, which would then come to be mix'd in the Plaister; which makes me believe, that there is no Ra∣tional Apothecary will practise that, since the Quicksilver may be perfectly united with the mass of the Plaister, according to my method.

This Plaister is succesfully us'd to asswage the pains of the Shoulders, Arms, Thighs, Legs, and all the parts of the Body, that proceed from any Venereal Venom: For by fortifying the parts, it draws the venom outwards, by turning it into a kind of sweat, and raising an easie flux. It also dissolves Nodes, and venereal Tumours that happen upon any part of the body: It is also laid to Wolfs, and other cold Tumours, either alone, or mix'd with other Plaisters, tending to the same effect.

Emplastrum Stipticum.		A Stiptic Plaister.
℞. Minii,		℞. Minium,
Lithargyri Auri, &		Litharge of Gold, and
Argenti, &		Silver, and
Lapis Calaminaris, an.	lb ss.	Lapis Calaminaris, an.	lb ss.
Olei Lini, &		Lineseed-Oyl, and
Olivarum, an.	lb i ss.	Oyl of Olives, an.	lb i ss.
Laurini,	lb j.	Oyl of Laurel,	lb j.
Decocti Aristolochiae,		Decoction of Birthwort,
Longae & rotundae,	lb iij.	Long and round,	lb iij.

Incorporate the Litharges, Minium, and Lapis Calaminaris, with the Oyls, cold, in the first place, and then with the Decoction in a Plaister-pan, and boil them together over a mo∣derate fire, stirring them continually to the ordinary consistence of Emplasters.

Deinde adde,		Afterwards add,
Cerae Flava, &		Yellow Wax, and
Colophoniae, an.	lb j.	Colophony, an.	lb j.
Terebinthinae, &		Turpentine, and
Sandaracae, an.	lb ss.	Sandarach, an.	lb ss.
Opoponacis,		Opoponax,
Sagapeni,		Sagapen,
Galbani,		Galbanum,
Ammoniaci,		Ammoniac,
Bdellii, an.	℥ iij.	Bdellium, an.	℥ iij.
Succini,		Amber,
Olibani,		Olibanum,
Myrrhae,		Myrrh,
Aloes,		Aloes,
Aristolochiae, longae & rotundae, an.	℥ i ss.	Birthwort, long and round, an.	℥ i ss.
Mumiae Transmarinae,		Beyond-Sea Mummy,
Magnetis,		Magnet,
Haematitis,		Blood-stone,
Coralli, albi & rubri,		Coral, white and red,
Matris Perlarum,		Mother of Pearls,
Sanguinis Draconis,		Dragons blood,
Terrae sigillatae,		Seal'd Earth,
Vitrioli Albi, an.	℥ j.	White Vitriol, an.	℥ j.
Florum Antimonii, &		Flowers of Antimony,
Croci Martis, an.	℥ ss.	Crocus Martis, an.	℥ ss.
Camphorae,	℥ j.	Camphire,	℥ j.

First melt the Wax and Colophony; then taking the Pan from off the fire, add the Opoponax, Sagapen, Galbanum, Ammoniac, and Bdellium dissolv'd in Vinegar, strain'd and thick'nd, and incorporated with the Turpentine; and the whole being half cold, mix first the fine Powders of Birthwort, Mummy, Magnet, Blood-stone, Corals, Mother of Pearl, Seal'd Earth, Vitriol, and Crocus Martis; and lastly, those of the Sandarach, Amber, Olibanum, Myrrh, Aloes, Dragons blood, and Camphire, and incorporate the whole exactly.

This Plaister is recommended for the cure of all sorts of Ulcers, in whatsoever part of the body; for it cleanses, dries, and quickly consolidates them, preserving them

from putrefaction, and hindring all excrescence of ill flesh. It is proper to heal cuts and contusions of the Nerves: It draws bits of Iron, Wood, Lead, or any other such kind of substances, out of wounds: It is good against the bitings and stingings of all sorts of venomous Animals: It ripens all sorts of Apostemes; cleanses and heals all sorts of Ulcers, as well old as new; dissolves and heals the swellings of the Kings-Evil, asswages the pains of wounds and bruises, and keeps for several years, being well prepar'd.

Emplastrum ad Pedis Equini Punctionem.		A Plaister to cure the pricking of a Horses Foot.
℞. Cerae Citrinae,	℥ viij.	℞. Yellow Wax,	℥ viij.
Picis Albae,		White Pitch,
Gummi Elemmi,		Gum-Elemmi,
Terebinthinae Venetae, an.	℥ iiij.	Venice-Turpentine, an.	℥ iiij.
Cinabaris vulgaris subtilissimè pulveratae,		Vulgar Cinabar very finely pulveriz'd,
Sanguinis Draconis,		Dragons blood,
Aristolochiae, longae & rotundae, an.	℥ ss.	Birthwort, long and round, an.	℥ ss.

After you have bruis'd the Birthwort-roots in a Marble-Mortar, and pulveriz'd the Dragons blood and Cinabar apart, melt the yellow Wax over a soft fire, with the white Pitch, Elemmi, and Turpentine; strain them through a Cloth, and when the In∣gredients are half cold, incorporate the Dragons blood and Cinabar, and unite the whole well together.

This Plaister is a certain cure for the pricking of Horses Feet newly made in Shooing, pouring a little of the Plaister melted into the hole; for then you may Shooe the Horse again, without any fear of any Aposteme or Ulcer.

Emplastrum Vesicatorium.		A Vesicatory Plaister.
℞. Cantharidum sine alis & capitibus pulve∣ratarum,	℥ ss.	℞. Cantharides without wings or heads powder'd,	℥ ss.
Picis Albae, &		White Pitch, and
Terebinthinae, an.	ʒ ij.	Turpentine, an.	ʒ ij.
Myrrhae, &		Myrrh, and
Mastiches subtiliter pulveratorum, an.	ʒ ss.	Mastich very finely pulveriz'd, an.	ʒ ss.

Beat the Cantharides apart, as also the Myrrh, and the Mastich, and having mix'd the Powders, gently melt the Wax, white Pitch, and Turpentine; and when the sub∣stances are half cold, incorporate the Powders very well.

This Plaister is call'd the Vesicatory, or Blister-Plaister, because that being laid upon any part of the body, it raises the skin, and makes Bladders full of serosity. It works in two or three hours, or sooner, according to the hardness or softness of the Skin: Then open the Bladders, and anoint the part with fresh Butter, to keep the Pores open, to let out the serosities which the Plaister has drawn together.

This Plaister is not only us'd in Lethargies, Apoplexies, and other diseases of the Brain, being apply'd to the Shoulders, or brawny parts of the Legs and Arms, and to the sutures of the Brain; but it is us'd also in distempers of the Eyes and Teeth, ap∣ply'd behind the Ears.

You may also make a very effectual Blister-Plaister, by incorporating the Powder of Cantharides with Crums of Bread moisten'd in Vinegar, and spreading this mixture upon Leather. But this Plaister is not to be us'd but upon occasion; for being kept, it grows as hard as a stone, and the Cantharides lose their vertue.

Emplastrum Cerae cum Cymino.		A Plaister of Wax with Cumin.
℞. Cerae Flavae,	lb ij.	℞. Yellow Wax,	lb ij.
Resinae, &		Rosin, and
Olei Rosati, an.	℥ v.	Oyl of Roses, an.	℥ v.

Terebinthina Venetae,		Venice-Turpentine,
Pulveris Cumini, &		Powder of Cumin, and
Boli Armenae, an.	℥ iij.	Bole-Armenian, an.	℥ iij.
Florum Camomillae,		Flowers of Camomile,
Meliloti, &		Melilot, and
Rosarum Rubrarum,		Red Roses,
Myrtillorum, &		Whortle-berries, and
Sanguinis Draconis, an.	℥ j.	Dragons blood, an.	℥ j.

Having beaten together in a large Brass-Mortar the Cumin-seed, Whortle-berries, Roses, Camomile, and Melilot, and the Bole-Armenian, and the Dragons blood apart, and pass'd the whole through a Silk-sieve, melt the Wax and Rosin over a soft fire, a∣mong the Oyl of Roses; then add the Turpentine, and let the Ingredients cool; and when the Composition is half cold, mix the Powders, and incorporate the whole ex∣actly.

Though this Plaister be not much in use, yet are the vertues of it ne're the less: For it is very proper to dissipate Contusions, and Flegmatic Tumours: It asswages the pains of the Sides, and Sciatic Gouts: It strengthens the parts in Fractures and Dislo∣cations of the Bones, and draws forth the serosities through the Pores. It is also very proper to asswage the pains of the Liver, Spleen and Stomach, from whence it expels Wind, and dissolves Noxious Substances.

Emplastrum de Alabastro.		The Alablaster Plaister.
℞. Massae Emplastri de		℞. Of the Mass of Plaister of
Cerussa, &		White-lead, and
Cerae Albae, an.	℥ viij.	Yellow Wax, an.	℥ viij.
Alabastri praeparati,	℥ ij.	Alablaster prepar'd,	℥ ij.
Succini praeparati,		Amber prepar'd,
Sanguinis Draconis,		Dragons blood,
Coralli Rubri,		Red Coral,
Cranii Humani, &		Man's Scull, and
Cornu Cervi ustorum, an.	℥ j.	Burnt Harts-horn, an.	℥ j.
Terebinthina, &		Turpentine, and
Styracis Liquidae, an.	℥ i ss.	Liquid Storax, an.	℥ i ss.

Having calcin'd the Man's Scull and Harts-horn, grind them together upon Por∣phyry, with red Coral and Alablaster; bruise the Amber a-part, and the Dragons blood; and after that, having melted the Plaister of Ceruse with the white Wax, and having added thereto the Turpentine and Liquid Storax, mix the Powders, and incor∣porate them well together.

This Emplaster is very much recommended against Abortion of Great-belly'd Wo∣men, whence it may be call'd, Emplastrum ad faetum retinendum. For it strengthens the Ligaments of the Matrix, and the parts to which they are fix'd. This Plaister is to be spread so that it may cover the Loyns, and the Os Sacrum, and may be worn and re∣new'd as often as need requires.

You may also lay another Plaister upon the Navel.

Emplastrum de Sperma-Ceti.		Plaister of Sperma-Ceti.
℞. Cerae Albae,	℥ viij.	℞. White Wax,	℥ viij.
Spermatis Ceti,	℥ iiij.	Sperma-Ceti,	℥ iiij.
Gummi Ammoniaci in aceto soluti, trajecti & spissati,	℥ ij.	Gum-Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar, strain'd and thicken'd, ••	℥ ij.

Having dissolv'd the Gum-Ammoniac in Vinegar, strain'd and thicken'd it, melt the white Wax in a Silver Spoon by the heat of a Balneum Mariae, between luke-warm and boiling-hot; after that, having added and melted the Sperma-Ceti, and mix'd it with the Gum-Ammoniac, the Plaister is made. You may, in respect to the nioer sort of Ladies, leave out the Gum-Ammoniac, because of the ill scent, and instead thereof

put in an Ounce of the prest Oyl of the cold Seeds, which will be much to the same effect.

This Plaister is chiefly for the conveniency of Women newly brought to Bed, that cannot give their Children Suck: For being apply'd to the Breasts, for some time it carries away the Milk, asswages the pains that are caus'd by it, and dissolves the curd∣lings and hardnesses thereof, as well as those which proceed from the Kings-Evil.

Emplastrum ad Fontinellas.		A Plaister for Issues.
℞. Olei Rosati, &		℞. Oyl of Roses, and
Aquae Rosarum, an.	lb ij.	Rose-water, an.	lb ij.
Cerusae Venetae, &		Venetian Ceruse, and
Lithargyri Auri praeparati, an.	℥ viij.	Litharge of Gold prepar'd, an.	℥ viij.
Coquantur ex arte in Emplastrum: Deinde adde,		Boil them to the thickness of an Empla∣ster: Then add,
Cerae Albae,	℥ vj.	White Wax,	℥ vj.

Melt the white Wax cut into pieces, and incorporate it exactly with the rest.

This Plaister has no ill smell, and does not stick very close: One Sparadrap, or Plai∣ster, will serve several days, being wip'd Morning and Evening, and laid on again. It may be put also to the same uses as Plaister of Ceruse.

Emplastrum ad Ganglia.		A Plaister against all sorts of Tumours.
℞. Radicum & Foliorum recentium Bar∣danae,		℞. Fresh-gather'd roots and leaves of Bur∣dock,
Cicutae,		Hemlock,
Levistici,		Lovage,
Angelicae,		Angelica,
Cucumeris Agrestis,		Wild Cucumber,
Scrofulariae,		Figwort,
Filipendulae,		Dropwort,
Illecebrae,		Wall-pepper,
Gratiolae, &		Hedg-Hysop, and
Chelidonii major. an.	℥ i ss.	Bigger Celandine, an.	℥ i ss.
Purgata & contusa omnia in		Having cleans'd and bruis'd them all, in
Succorum Cicutae, &		Juices of Hemlock, and
Chelidonii majoris, an.	lb ij ss.	Bigger Celandine, an.	lb ij ss.
Lento igne coquantur ad dimidiae partis con∣sumptionem, deinde colentur & exprimantur. Expressio vero cum		Boil them over a gentle fire, to the con∣sumption of the third part; then strain and press them out. Then boil the Expression with
Oleo Lumbricorum,	lb iiij.	Oyl of Worms,	lb iiij.
Lithargyri auri lb ij. ex arte coquatur, as∣sidue movendo spatula lignea ad Emplastri spis∣sitatem.		Litharge of Gold lb ij. incorporated cold with the Oyl of Worms, stirring them con∣tinually with a wood'n Spatula, to the con∣sistence of an Emplaster.
In illis deinde liquefiant,		Then melt therein,
Cerae Citrinae, &		Yellow Wax, and
Picis Albae, an.	lb j.	White Pitch, an.	lb j.
Terebinthinae, &		Turpentine, and
Styracis Liquida, an.	lb ss.	Liquid Storax,	lb ss.
Ab igne remotis permisce		When they are off the fire, mix
Galbani,		Galbanum,
Ammoniaci,		Ammoniac,
Bdellii,		Bdellium,
Opoponacis, &		Opoponax, and

Sagapeni in aceto dissolut. traject. spissato∣rum & portione Emplastri seorsum priùs excep∣torum, an.	℥ ij.	Sagapen dissolv'd in Vinegar, strain'd and thick'nd, and incorporated with the Turpentine and Liquid Storax a-part, as before, an.	℥ ij.
Deinde		Then
℞. Radicum Ireos Florentiae,		℞. Roots of Florence-Orrice,
Sigilli Beatae Mariae,		Wild Ellebore,
Cyclamini,		Sow-bread,
Coronae Imperialis, &		Crown-Imperial, and
Serpentariae,		Dragon-wort,
Seminum Angelicae,		Seeds of Angelica,
Paeoniae Maris,		Male-Piony,
Nasturtii,		Cresses,
Euphorbii,		Euphorbium,
Olibani,		Olibanum,
Mastiches,		Mastich,
Tacamahaccae odoratae, &		Sweet Tacamahacca, and
Sulphuris vivi, an.	℥ i ss.	Quicksilver, an.	℥ i ss.
Camphorae,	℥ ss.	Camphire,	℥ ss.

Mix the Roots and Seeds finely powder'd first, and presently after the Quicksilver, Gums, and Camphire powder'd a-part; and in this order incorporate the Drugs ex∣actly together, and the Plaister is made.

The vertues of this Plaister are to digest and dissolve all sorts of unnatural substan∣ces, especially those which are cold, and hard to be dissolv'd, gather'd together under the skin in the external parts of the body, such as are Wolfs, the Kings-Evil, Nodes, and Ulcerous Callosities: For which purposes there is hardly to be found a Plaister of greater efficacy then this; as also for all sorts of Tumours and Substances gather'd to∣gether in the external parts, from what cause soever proceeding.

Emplastrum aliud ad Ganglia.		Another Plaister for the same.
℞. Gummi Ammoniaci,		℞. Gum-Ammoniac,
Galbani,		Galbanum,
Opopanacis, &		Opoponax,
Sagapeni in aceto solutorum, colatorum & spissatorum, & Myrrhae electae subtiliter pulveratae, an.	℥ iij.	Sagapen dissolv'd in Vinegar, strain'd and thick'nd, and choice Myrrh very finely pulveriz'd, an.	℥ iij.
Olei Laurini, &		Oyl of Laurel, and
Spiritus Vini, an.	℥ j.	Spirit of Wine, an.	℥ j.
Sulphuris Vivi,		Quick-silver,
Salis Ammoniaci, &		Salt-Ammoniac, and
Vitrioli Romani, an.	℥ ss.	Roman Vitriol, an.	℥ ss.
Euphorbii,	ʒ ij.	Euphorbium,	ʒ ij.

After you have dissolv'd, strain'd and thick'nd the Gums to the consistence of an Emplaster, and taken them from the fire, add to them the Oyl of Laurel, and Spirit of Wine, and after that the Myrrh, Quick-silver, Salt-Ammoniac, Roman Vitriol, and Euphorbium finely pulveriz'd, and incorporate them all exactly.

Though this Plaister consists of less Ingredients then the former, yet the vertue is no less to produce the same effects.

I might here insert several other preparations of Emplasters, did I not believe I had produc'd enough, as well for the full instruction of young Beginners, as to give sa∣tisfaction in reference to all those purposes for which Emplasters were provided.

CHAP. VII. Of Cataplasmes.

THough it be not the Custom to make any provision of Cataplasms in Shops, and that they are only prepar'd when need requires, by reason of their superfluous moisture which soon corrupts them; yet the necessity which there is of them sometimes, has oblig'd me to afford them a Chapter.

The name of Cataplasm is given to an External Medicament, in consistence not un∣like that of Cerats; receiving into its Composition divers Liquors and different parts of Plants, Animals, and Minerals, some liquid, others drye, and many times Oyles, Oynt∣ments, and other both external and internal Compositions; according to the difference of the Infirmities and purposes, for which this sort of Medicine is prepar'd. The prin∣cipal Office of Cataplasms is to appease pains, to soften, dissolve, discuss, cause tran∣spiration, and suppurate matters gather'd together in the external parts of the body.

The most common Cataplasm, and most in use to asswage pains, dissolve and dissipate Tumours newly come, especially Flegmatic, is this that follows:

℞. Micae panis Albi recentis,	℥ iiij.	℞. Crum of new White-bread,	℥ iiij.
Lactis recenter mulcti,	lb j.	Milk new from the Cow,	lb j.

Fry them over a gentle Fire in a small Frying-pan, stirring them often with a Wood'n-Spatula till they are as thick as a Poultess; then taking them off the Fire,

Adde		Add
Vitellos Ovorum,	No iij.	Yolks of Eggs,	No iij.
Olei Rosati,	℥ j.	Oyls of Roses,	℥ j.
Croci subtiliter pulverat.	ʒ j.	Saffron finely beaten,	ʒ j.

Mix the Yolks of Eggs, the Oyl of Roses, and the Saffron with the Poultess, and the Cata∣plasm is made.

Si major dolorum s••datio requiratur,	If a more powerful asswagement of pain be desir'd, mix therewith
Extract. Liquidioris Opii, ʒ ij. permisce∣antur.	Liquid Extract of Opium,	ʒ ij.

You may also prepare a Cataplasm to soften and bring to suppuration such matters as are dispos'd thereto, proceeding this way.

℞. Radicum Liliorum, &		℞. Roots of Lillies, and
Altheae minutim incisarum, an.	℥ iij.	Marsh-Mallows, cut very small, an.	℥ iij.
Foliorum Malvae,		Leaves of Mallows,
Altheae,		Marsh-Mallows,
Senecionis,		Groundsell,
Violariae,		March-Violets,
Parietariae,		Pellitory,
Brancae Ʋrsinae, an.	M. j.	Brank-Ursin, an.	M. j.

Boil the Roots first in six Pints of Fountain-Water; sometime after put in the Leaves, and continue boiling them, till they are perfectly tender. Strain the Decoction, and beat the settlement in a Marble-mortar with a Wood'n-Pestle, and pass the Pulp through a Hair-sieve reverst.

Colaturam & Pultem secretam, cum		The Straining and Pulp put into a small Frying-pan, with
Farinae Lini, &		Meal of Linseed, and
Fenugraeci, &		Fengreek, and

Olei Liliorum, an.	℥ iij.	Oyl of Lillies, an.	℥ iij.
Coque igne lento, saepius agitando ad debitam spissitudinem.		Boil them all together over a gentle fire, stirring them often, to a due consistence.

You may also prepare a Cataplasm proper to cut, digest, dissolve, discuss, and cause transpiration, according to the following Receipt.

℞. Radicum Cyclaminis,		℞. Roots of Sow-bread,
Brioniae,		Briony,
Cucumeris silvestris, an.	℥ ij.	Wild Cucumbers, an.	℥ j.
Foliorum Absinthii,		Leaves of Wormwood,
Mercurialis, an.	M. ij.	Herb Mercury, an.	M. ij.
Florum Camomilla, &		Flowers of Camomile, and
Meliloti, an.	M. j.	Melilot, an.	M. j.

Boil the Roots first, then the Leaves in four Pints of common Water, adding at length two Pints of White-wine, till they are sufficiently soft. Strain them, and pass the sedi∣ment beaten through a Hair-sieve. To the Decoction and Poultess add

Farinae Fenugraci, &		Meal of Fenugreek,
Lupinorum,		Lupines,
Pulveris Absinthii,		Powder of Wormwood,
Cumini,		Cumin,
Feniculi, &		Fennel, and
Baccarum Lauri, an.	℥ j.	Laurel-berries, an.	℥ j.
Fiat Cataplasma.		Mix them into a Cataplasm.

The Preparation of this Cataplasm being like the former, I have not been particular in it. And I believe these three Preparations to be sufficient for further instruction.

CHAP. VIII. Of Fomentations, Baths, and Half-Baths.

THE Distemperatures which happen not only to the parts, but also to the whole habit of the body, and the troublesome pains that Wind, Defluxions, Fermen∣tations, Worms, the Stone, Contusions, Fractures, Dislocations, and many other acci∣dents cause to several parts of the body, have begot the use of Fomentations, Baths, and Half-Baths, which are external liquid Remedies, sometimes plain, sometimes com∣pos'd of several Medicaments.

The name of Local-Baths is giv'n to Fomentations, because they are generally ap∣ply'd to the part affected; and work the same effects upon one, as Baths and half-Baths might do upon several parts at a time. And though Baths and half-Baths are often us'd for the ease and cure of Distempers that fall upon single parts of the Body, yet the good effects of Fomentations, their easiness, and the little trouble there is in them, are the reasons that they are more frequently made use of then Baths or half-Baths, which require more room, bigger Vessels and more trouble. For which cause they are never us'd, but where Fomentations have not succeeded, or where the excess and nature of the Disease require more effectual Remedies then Fomentations.

There may be prepar'd as many sorts of Fomentations as there are diversity of Di∣stempers. The Roots, Leaves, Flowers and Seeds of most Plants, boyl'd in Water, or in other proper Liquors are the usual foundation, and substance of Fomentations. Certain Minerals and parts of Plants, particularly Salts and Greases, not to mention Oyls that may be mix'd with them, are frequently added, and oft-times make a part of the Liquor necessary for the Fomentation.

I shall only give two or three examples which may suffice for the preparation of all others that may be prescrib'd.

Fotus Antipleuriticus.		A Fomentation against the Pleurisie.
℞. Radicum Altheae, &		℞. Roots of Marsh-Mallows,
Liliorum, an	℥ iiij.	Lillies, an.	℥ iiij.
Foliorum Malvae,		Leaves of Mallows,
Altheae,		Marsh-Mallows,
Violariae,		March-Violets,
Senecionis,		Ground-sell,
Brancae Ʋrsinae, an.	M ij.	Brankursin, an.	M ij.
Florum Camomillae,		Flowers of Camomile, and
Meliloti, an.	M. j.	Melilot, an.	M j.
Seminum integrorum Lini, &		Whole Seeds of Line, and
Fenugraeci, an.	℥ j.	Fengreek, an.	℥ j.

After you have well cut, and mix'd the Roots and Leaves with the Flowers and Seeds, and put them into two Bags of fine Linnen, both of an equal bigness, and large enough to cover the part affected, and quilted them both, boyl them in ten pints of Common∣water till the Substances are very tender; then take off the Decoction from the Fire, and when it is half cold, take out the two Bags, and pressing them between your hands, to drain out the Water, apply one Bag warm to the pain, and cover it with a double Nap∣kin; and when it has lain a quarter of an hour apply the other in its place, and do thus from quarter to quarter of an hour as often as there is occasion.

After you have so done, wipe the part and anoint it with Oyl of Lillies, or Oint∣ment of Althaea, laying a Linnen-cloth upon it, and covering it with a double Napkin well-warm'd. You may also repeat the same applications as often as need requires.

Fotus Antinephriticus.		An Anti-Nephritic Fomentation.
℞. Radicum Raphani Hortensis,		℞. Roots of Garden-Radishes,
Foliorum Nasturtii Aquatici,		Leaves of Water-Cresses,
Becabungae,		Brooklime.
Berulae,		Water-Pimpernel,
Parietariae, &		Pellitory,
Violariae, an.	M ij.	March-Violets, an.	M ij.
Axungiae Viperinae,	℥ ij.	Vipers Fat,	℥ ij.
Seminum Lini, &		Linseed, and
Fenugraeci, an.	℥ j.	Seed of Fengreek,	℥ j.

Having cut the Roots and Herbs, and mix'd them with the Seeds, put them into two Bags, and proceed in every thing else as before. Otherwise you may dip Sponges or Wool in the Decoction, and apply it to the part affected.

Fotus Stomachicus.		A Fomentation for the Stomach.
℞. Radicum comusarum Cyperi,		℞. Bruis'd Roots of Cyperus,
Tormentillae,		Tormentil,
Bistortae, an.	℥ ij.	Snakeweed, an.	℥ ij.
Foliorum Absinthii Majoris,		Leaves of bigger-Wormwood,
Scordii,		Garden-Germander,
Mentae, &		Garden-Mint,
Costi Hortensium,		Garden-Costus,
Calamintae,		Calamint,
Origani, &		Organie,

Marjoran, ae an.	M ij.	Marjoram, an.	M ij.
Nucum Cupressi,		Cypress Nuts,
Tartari Rubri,		Red-Tartar,
Balaustiorum, &		Pomgranate-flowers,
Rosarum Rubrarum, an.	℥ j ss.	Red-Roses, an.	℥ j ss.

Mix them all together and put them into Baggs, and boyl them over a gentle fire in six pints of Chaly-beate water, to the consumption of the third part, adding toward the latter end three pints of sowre Red-wine, to preserve the Spirits, and keep it cover'd to hinder the dissipation of the Aromatical parts of the Plants.

Whole Baths and half Baths have been made use of time out of mind; and they differ in this, that whole Baths are for all the body except the head; and are more for pleasure then for the cure of Diseases; whereas half Baths are but for half the body and only those parts which are below the Stomach, and are rather for cure then pleasure.

Generally plain River-water is made use of luke-warm for Baths of pleasure; with an addition to smooth the skin, sometimes of Milk, sometimes of Oyly-fruits made into Pastes, or else of sweet smelling flowers. But to add vertue to Baths or half Baths, decoctions proper for particular distempers must be prescrib'd, which are many times the same Ingredients us'd in Fomentations. But then the quantity of Ingredients must be proportion'd to the quantity of Water: And the Bath must be kept in a heat as near to natural as may be; so that the patient may endure it with pleasure. It is also necessary that the Patient should purge before hand; though purges may be success∣fully given in the Baths themselves. Nor is it good to stay in the Bath above one or two hours at a time, though you may go into it two or three times a-day, and also in the night time if there be occasion.

But because the Ladies oftner use these Remedies then Men, as well for their parti∣cular Distempers as to preserve the beauty of their skins, I will communicate to them one Bath of which I have known the good effects, as-well in smoothing the wrinkles and shrivelings of the skin, and the chaps of Womens Bellies and Breasts after lying in, as to beautifie and whiten the skin and continue its plumpness, and a sound disposition of body.

Put two pound of Rice well cleans'd and peel'd into an Earthen-pot varnish'd within, and of a good bigness, and having boyl'd them over a gentle fire in Milk, to the entire dissolution of the Rice, beat apart in a large wood'n-mortar with a wood'n-pestle four pound of Almonds blanch'd, two pound of the Cold-seeds, and a pound of white Poppy-seed, and reduce it into a Paste, hardly to be felt, to be mix'd with the Rice dis∣solv'd in the Milk.

Then heat as much River-water as is needful for the Bath, and dissolve in it half a pound of Rock-allum: then let the party go into the Bath with a pound and a half, and first rub those parts which have most need, and then the rest of the body, and when all the Paste is spent, let her stay there two hours or more: then change the water, and con∣tinue this Bath Morning and Evening for seven or eight days. Coming out of the Bath anoint the wrinkl'd parts with a Cerate made of Oyl of Eggs ℥ ij. White-wax four ounces, and as much Lead melted and well wash'd, and reduc'd into a Cerate by incorpo∣ration. I leave the Ladies to the Experience of this Bath, for I know not how to praise it enough.

CHAP. IX. Of Evaporating Baths, and Dry Baths.

THE same Ingredients serve for Evaporating Baths, as for Baths, half-Baths, and Fomentations.

The principal ends of Evaporating Baths are to ease pain, soft'n, open, and atte∣nuate, or to close and fortifie; by raising the Vapours, and causing them to ascend to the part affected.

The most frequent use of evaporating Baths are in Diseases of the Fundament and Matrix, and also for Infirmities of the Ears and Teeth. Generally the Patient is order'd to sit in a Chair with a hole bor'd in it, and clos'd round at the bottom. Sometimes Fun∣nels

are made use of, especially for Diseases of the Matrix, as also for the Ears and Teeth. Care must be taken for to moderate the heat of these Baths, and to continue or renew them as occasion requires.

As for dry Baths call'd Stoves, they may be made use of for some particular part of the body, but their chief use is for the whole body. There is no other heat made use of for these, but that of Coals, Bricks, or some other heated Substances. Which are va∣riously made use of, and in various Vessels, which every one may invent as their Genius prompts them. Onely care must be taken, that the Bath be proportionable to the Dis∣ease and the strength of the person that uses it. These Baths are very convenient for moist complexion'd persons, not only in Venereal Distempers, but also in Rhumatisms, universal or particular pains of the Members, as also in Palsies.

CHAP. X. Of Epithemes.

EPithemes are either liquid or solid: Liquid Epithemes may pass for Fomentations, only the difference is, that Epithemes are only to temper the extraordinary heat of the Liver, and to fortifie the heart against the malignity of Diseases, and are only ap∣ply'd to one or other of the Bowels, whereas Fomentations are apply'd to all the parts of the body.

Slight Cordial and hepatic Decoctions, simple and compound distill'd Waters, Vine∣gar, juice of Citrons, Cordial and hepatic Powders, Confections of Alkermes and Ja∣cinths, as also Treacle and Mithridate, are the ordinary matter of liquid Epithemes, of which I shall give two Examples, one for the Heart, the other for the Liver.

℞. Aquarum Cardui Benedicti,		℞. Waters of Carduus Benedictus,
Buglossi,		Bugloss,
Borraginis,		Borrage,
Rosarum, an.	℥ ij.	Roses, an.	℥ ij.
Aquae Theriacalis,		Treacle-water,
Succi Citri, an.	℥ ij.	Juice of Citron, an.	℥ ij.
Confectionis Alkermes,	ʒ ij.	Confection of Alkermes,	ʒ ij.
De Hyacintho,	ʒ j.	Of Jacinths,	ʒ j.
Pulveris Diamargariti frigidi,	℈ ij.	Powder of cold Diamargarite,	℈ j.

Mix all together, and make an Epitheme, to dip Wollen-cloaths in, being lukewarm, to be apply'd to the Region of the Heart, alternately for an hour or two.

℞. Aquarum Nimpheae,		℞. Waters of Water-Lillies,
Portulacae,		Purslain,
Oxalidis, &		Sorrel,
Solani, an.	℥ ij.	Night-shade, an.	℥ ij.
Aceti Rosati,	℥ j.	Vinegar of Roses,	℥ j.
Pulveris Diarrhodon Abbatis, &		Powder of Diarrhodon of the Abbot, and
Diatria Santali, an.	ʒ j.	Diatria Santalin, an.	ʒ j.
Trochiscorum de Camphura,	ʒ ss.	Trochisks of Camphire,	ʒ ss.

Make an Epitheme to be apply'd lukewarm to the Region of the Liver.

You may observe the manifest ease which the sick receive from these Applications in restless burning Fevers, and from thence judge of the advantage and benefit afforded by them.

Confections of Alkermes and Jacinths, Mithridate, Opiate of Salomon, Diascordi∣um, Conserve of Roses, Gillow-flowers, Bugloss, &c. and Powders of Diamargariton, Diarrhodon, Diatria Santali, &c. as also the Oyl of Scorpions of Matthiolus are the or∣dinary Ingredients of solid Epithemes, the use whereof is only for the Heart and Li∣ver. They are laid on after the application of the liquid ones, and suffered to lye as long as they will hold on. The usual method of Prescription is this,

℞. Conservarum Tunicae, &		℞. Conserve of Clove-Gillow-flowers, and
Rosarum, an.	℥ ss.	Roses, an.	℥ ss.
Confectionis Alkermes, &		Confection of Alkermes, and
De Hyacintho, an.	ʒ ij.	Jacinths, an.	ʒ j.
Theriacae probatae, &		Approv'd Treacle, and
Pulveris Diamargariti frigidi, an.	ʒ j.	Powder of cold Diamargariton, an.	ʒ j.

CHAP. XI. Of Bags and Caps quilted with Powder.

THe inconvenience of wearing Plaisters long upon the Stomach, and especially in te∣dious Diseases; and the obstinate Diseases caus'd by the excess of the moisture or coldness of the brain, was the reason of the invention of quilted▪ Caps and Stoma∣chers: For which those Aromatic Powders already set down may serve as the exam∣ples of Receipts sufficient; I shall only add that these Powders need not be too finely beaten, to the end they may preserve their virtue the longer, and may not be subject to get through the Taffaties of which the Caps and Stomachers are made.

CHAP. XII. Of Perfumes.

BOth the healthy as well as the Sick may equally receive benefit or mischief from good or bad smells. And though good smells are generally sought for, yet bad scents are not always to be rejected, as being necessary for the cure of some Distem∣pers, that sweet smells are the cause of in some persons.

Take three drams of Florence-Orrice, three drams of Benjamin, one dram and a half of good Storax, a dram of Lignum Rhodium, half a dram of yellow-Saunders, half a scruple of Aromatick-Reed, as much Flowers of Benjamin and three Cloves, mix this Powder in six ounces of good Rose-water, and three ounces of Orange-Flower-water, and having kept them in the cold in a Matrass for twenty four hours or more, pour out some part of the mixture into a Perfuming-Pan moderately heated, and keep the rest for use in the Matrass, or else in a strong-glass close stopp'd. You may, if you please, add to this Composition some few grains of Musk and Amber-greese.

To make Pomanders or Bracelets, take eight ounces of Willow-coal, two ounces of Labdanum, two ounces of Mastick in tears, and two ounces of yellow-Amber, and ha∣ving mix'd these Powders, incorporate them with Muscilage of Gum-tragacanth ex∣tracted with Rose-water: Then make up the Pomanders of what figure you please, and dry them in the shade. They that will be at the cost may add to these Pomanders odoriferous-Tacamahacca, as also Musk and Amber-greese.

These Pomanders are not only good to burn, but also to perfume the Caps and Lin∣nen of those that having cold and moist Brains are subject to defluxions and Rhuma∣tisms. They may also take the fume into their Mouths and up their Nostrils.

Women also that are troubl'd with the suppression of the Menstruums and Hysteric Passions may sit over the Smoak of these Pomanders.

It is also good for those that are troubl'd with Asthma's and thick and viscous Flegm, to receive the smoak of these Pomanders at the Mouth and Nostrils. But they are nought for those that are troubl'd with spitting of blood, and Ulcers of the Lungs.

Sometimes it is enough to burn Amber, Mastich, or Tacamahacca alone, or some other Gum of the same nature; or else Cephalic, pectoral or Hysteric Plants, ac∣cording to the judgment of the Physician.

The Fume of Cinnaber is sometimes us'd to raise a Flux in Venereal Cures, espe∣cially when it cannot be done by friction, or other Preparations of Mercury.

But though Mastich, Olibanum, Benjamin, Labdanum, Calamus Aromaticus, or some other Aromatics are mix'd with it to hinder the bad Effects of the Cinnaber, I

think the best Correction is to let it alone if possible. The fume of Cinnabar is us'd with less danger for the Cure of stubborn and Venereal Ulcers, so they be remote from the Head and Mouth.

CHAP. XIII. Of Frontlets.

THE cruel Torments caus'd by pains in the Head occasion'd the invention of Frontlets; which serve in fortifying the brain, to discuss, suppress, and cause tran∣spirations of the Vapours, qualifie their heat, and asswage their pricking Torture.

Frontlets are sometimes made of dry Ingredients, as Roses, Flowers of Elder, Wa∣ter-Lillies, Sanders, Corianders bruis'd, Betony, Marjoram, or Lavender cut, Ker∣nels of Peaches and Abricots.

Sometimes it suffices to bind to the Fore-head and Temples Linen that is dipp'd in Rose-water, Vinegar, or Elder-water. Sometimes the green Leaves of Water-Lillies, Gourds, Lettice, Purslain, and Vine-Leaves, &c. especially for those Distempers of the head that attend burning Fevers. But the most effectual Frontlets are made of Con∣serves of Flowers, Extracts, Seeds, Oyntments, Powders, and other proper matters made into a Paste, and spread upon fine Linen, to be laid to the Forehead and Temples.

℞. Conservae Rosarum Rubrarum,		℞. Conserve of Red-roses,
Nympheae, an.	ʒ vj.	Water-Lillies, an.	ʒ vj.
Seminis Papaveris albi contusi,		White-poppy seed bruis'd.
Pulveris Diatria santalon, &		Powder of Diatria Santalon,
Ʋnguenti Populei, an.	ʒ j.	Popler Oyntment, an.	ʒ j.

Make a Frontlet to be apply'd cold to the Forehead and Temples.

℞. Conservae Violarum,		℞. Conserve of Violets,
Rosarum, &		Roses, and
Nympheae, an.	℥ ss.	Water-Lillies, an.	℥ ss.
Pulveris trium Santalorum, &		Powder of the three Sanders, and
Coriandri,		Corianders,
Nucleorum Persicorum, contusorum, &		Peach-kernels bruis'd, and
Extracti Liquidioris Opii, an.	ʒ j.	Liquid Extract of Opium, an.	ʒ j.

Sometimes it is enough to apply to the Forehead and Temples equal parts of Oynt∣ment of Populeum and extract of Liquid Opium: or to make a Frontlet of the Ker∣nels of Peaches or Abricotts bruis'd in a Mortar with about a sixth part of Bay-Salt, and as much Powder of Roses.

Frontlets to stop thin and sharp defluxions upon the Eyes, are made by incorporating equal parts of Bole-Armenian, Seal'd-Earth, Mastick and Dragons blood in Powder with whites of Eggs; then reduce it into a Paste and spread it upon Tow, to be apply'd to the Forehead and Temples.

CHAP. XIV. Of Lotions.

LOtions are a sort of Remedies between Fomentations and Baths.

Cooling and sleep-procuring Lotions are prepar'd in restless Fevers. To which purpose we boil in Water the Roots, Leaves, and Flowers of Water-Lillies, the Leaves of Lettice, Purslain, Willow and white Poppies, and the cold Seeds, to wash the hands and feet of the Patient from time to time.

Sometimes the head is to be wash'd with a clear Lye made of the Ashes of Vine∣twigs, to cleanse off the greasiness of the hair. Sometimes Lotions are prepar'd for

the cure of the Scurf. Among the rest that of the simple Decoction of Water-Cresses in common water; or that of the compound Decoction of the Roots of Orrice, Assa∣rabacca, Leaves of Ivy, Wormwood, Fumitory, Celandine, Scabious, creeping Thime and Marjoram, Laurel-berries and Lupins, boil'd together in a clear Lye of Juniper∣wood. This Lotion is to be continued for several days in the wain of the Moon, after the use of general Purgers and Diaphoreticks. Sometimes to these Decoctions are added the Dungs of Pigeons, Geese, and Sheep; the Roots of Patience and Ellebore, Coloquintida, Euphorbium, Verdigreese, and several other penetrating Medicaments, where gentler Remedies will not prevail.

There is a Lotion also to be made of the Decoction of Lupins, Staves-acre, Worm∣wood, and lesser Centaurie in Vinegar, to wash the head, and sometimes the whole body, to kill Lice and Vermine.

To make the Hair grow, and to keep it from falling off, the Decoction of the Mai∣den hairs, and Female Southernwood is an excellent Lotion.

Several Lotions are made to cure the Itch, Tetters, Warts, and other Deformities of the Skin, not only of the Decoctions of the Roots and Leaves of Elecampane, Sowre-Dock, Scabious, Fumitory; but also of the Dissolutions of Mercury made in strong∣water, or Spirit of Nitre, mix'd with a good quantity of ordinary water, to wash the hands, arms, legs, and feet, not coming near the head, nor any other part of the bo∣dy which the Mercury may prejudice.

The head may also be wash'd with Spirit of Wine, or the Queen of Hungaries Wa∣ter, to strengthen the Brain, dissipate the superfluous moistures thereof, and heal Contusions. It is good also to wash the other parts of the body with the same Liquors in Rhumatisms, and to appease pains of all sorts. It is good also for Burns, adding a little Vitriol, or some few Grains of Verdigreese.

Ulcers and Wounds are also to be wash'd with Tinctures or Decoctions of Birthwort, Gentian, Centaury, Periwinkle, Worm-wood, Gold'n-Rod, Sanicle, &c. in the juices of the same Plants or in White wine; adding sometimes Powders of Myrrh, and A∣loes; of which, when the Wounds are deep, Injections are to be made.

I omit the Imbrocations or Aspersions of the Ancients, as altogether out of use.

CHAP. VII. Of Collyriums.

COllyriums are liquid Remedies appointed for Infirmities of the Eyes. Which name is particularly attributed to Trochisks of Ceruse of Rhasis, dissolv'd in specific Waters. Dry Powders also and Oyntments, us'd for the same Effect, are call'd by the same name: and improperly some liquid Remedies prepar'd for the cure of Venereal Ulcers.

There are many that boast themselves to have exquisite Receipts of this nature, and therefore I shall only give two or three Examples of such as I have had successful expe∣rience of.

℞. Magnesiae Opalina subtilissimè pulvera∣tae, &		℞. Magnesia Opalina very finely pow∣der'd, and
Tutiae Alexandrinae praeparata, &		Tutia of Alexandria prepar'd,
Salis Saturni albissimi, an.	℈ j.	Whitest Salt of Saturn, an.	℈ j.
Aquarum stillatitiarum,		Distill'd Waters of
Euphrasiae,		Eybright,
Feniculi,		Fennel,
Rosarum, &		Roses,
Chelidonii majoris, an.	℥ j.	Bigger Clandine, an.	℥ j.

Mix them together and make a Collyrium. Heat this Collyrium luke-warm, and wash the Eyes as often as you think fit, to cure them of redness and inflammation, and to consume the Pin and Web.

℞. Sacchari Candi,	℥ j.	℞. Sugar-Candy,	℥ j.
Radicis Ireos Florentiae,	ʒ iij.	Roots of Florence-Orrice,	ʒ iij.
Tutiae Alexandrinae praeparatae,	ʒ ij.	Tutia of Alexandria prepar'd,	ʒ ij.
Sarcocollae,		Sarcocol,
Vitrioli Albi, &		White-Vitriol,
Aloes Succotrinae, an.	ʒ j.	Aloes Succotrine, an.	ʒ j.
Caryophyllorum,	℈ j.	Cloves,	℈ j.
Aquarum Stillatitiarum,		Distill'd Waters of
Euphrasiae,		Eybright,
Feniculi,		Fennel,
Rosarum, an.	℥ viij.	Roses, an.	℥ viij.
Vini Hispanici,	lb ij.	Spanish-Wine,	lb ij.

Having pulveriz'd the Ingredients, and mix'd them with the Waters and Spanish-wine, put them into a Glass-bottle close-stopp'd, and expose them to the Sun for 15 days, stir∣ing them very often; or else set them in a moderate sand-Bath as long, and keep the pure Liquor in a bottle close-stopt.

That which follows is a Powder which may be call'd a dry Collyrium, very proper to consume the serosities of the Eyes, and the Pin and Web, provided they be not under the tunicles of the Eyes.

℞. Sacchari Candi,	ʒ ij.	℞. Sugar-Candy,	ʒ ij.
Tutiae praeparatae, &		Tutia prepar'd, and
Stercoris Lacertae, an.	ʒ j.	Lizards-Dung, an.	ʒ ij.
Vitrioli albi usti,		White-Vitriol burnt,
Aloes Succotrinae, &		Aloes Succotrine,
Salis Saturni, an.	ʒ ss.	Salt of Saturn,	ʒ ss.

Pulverize and mix them all together for a dry Collyrium.

Blow the weight of two or three grains at a time into the Eye. It may be also mingl'd with Ophthalmic Waters for a liquid Collyrium.

Lanfrancus uses this Collyrium for the cure of Venereal Ulcers.

℞. Vini Albi,	lb j.	℞. White-wine,	lb j.
Aquarum Plantaginis, &		Waters of Plantain, and
Rosarum, an.	℥ iij.	Roses, an.	℥ iij.
Auripigmenti,	ʒ ij.	Orpine,	ʒ ij.
Viridis Aeris,	ʒ j.	Verdigreese,	ʒ j.
Myrrhae		Myrrh,
Aloes, an.	℈ ij.	Aloes, an.	℈ ij.

Mix them for use.

You must be careful in preparing this Collyrium to powder the Orpiment, Verdi∣greese, Myrrh and Aloes, very finely before you mix them with the Liquors. You may also dulcifie the Collyrium with three or four times the weight of Rose-water, Plantain∣water, or Night-shade-water, when it is to be us'd, especially in injections, for Gonor∣rhea's when the venome is over; only take care that the Spermatic Vessels be neither ulcerated nor over-weaken'd.

I pass over in silence several other External Remedies little in use; believing it to be now high time to make an end of these Galenical Preparations, and that I have not forgot any thing which to the best of my Judgment deserv'd to be taken notice of, or which I may not have occasion to speak of in the next Part.

The end of the Royal Galenic Pharmacopoea.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Which make eight pints Physic measure.
• * 1.2

  Near as big as our whole Pint.
• * 1.3

  The twelfth part of an Inch.
• * 1.4

  Hydr••ph••bia, a Di∣stemper occasion'd by the biting of a mad-dog.