The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.

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Title
The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.
Author
Caesar, Julius.
Publication
London :: Printed by R. Daniel and are to be sold by Henry Tvvyford ... Nathaniel Ekins ... Iohn Place ...,
1655.
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Subject terms
Caesar, Julius. -- De bello Gallico. -- English.
Pompey, -- the Great, 106-48 B.C.
Caesar, Julius. -- De bello civili. -- English.
Military art and science -- Early works to 1800.
Gaul -- History -- 58 B.C.-511 A.D.
Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A31706.0001.001
Cite this Item
"The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A31706.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 10, 2024.

Pages

THE SECOND OBSERVATION.

COncerning the State of Aegypt, we are to note, that Alexander the Great being cut off by death, his Captains laid hold upon such Provinces and kingdomes as were under their commands: amongst whom one Ptolemeus the son of Lagus, a Macedonian, seized upon Aegypt, where he reigned 40 years; and of him were all his successours called by the name of Ptolemy. This first Ptolemy possest him∣self of Egypt about the year of the world 3640: which was 275 years before Pom∣pey's overthrow. His son that succeeded by the name of Ptolemy Philadelphus, caused the Bible to be translated out of Hebrew into Greek by 70 Interpreters, which are called the Septu∣agint; and made the famous Library which was burned in these wars.

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The Father of this young Ptolemy, was the ninth in succession from the first, and at his death, made the people of Rome Tutors to his children. His eldest son and Cleopatra his daughter reigned together six years; but in the end fell to strife and wars, and were deeply ingaged therein when Pompey arrived. But shortly after Caesar so ordered the differences, that he set the Crown upon Cleopatra's head; who held it peaceably, untill she came to play that tragicall part with Antony: which being ended, the kingdome was then reduced to a Pro∣vince, under the obedience of the Roman Empire.

Concerning this miserable end of Pompey, it is truly said of Seneca,* 1.1 that Death is alike to all: for although the waies are divers by which it happeneth, yet they all meet in the same end. And forasmuch as Plutarch hath described particularly the manner of this Catastrophe, it shall not be impertinent to insert his relation thereof.

When Pompey heard news that king Ptole∣my was in the City of Pelusium with his Army,* 1.2 making war against his sister, he went thither, and sent a Messenger before unto the king, to advertise him of his arrivall, and to intreat him to receive him. King Ptolemy was then but a young man, insomuch that one Photinus go∣verned all the whole Realm under him. He as∣sembled a Councell of the chiefest and wisest men of the Court, who had such credit and au∣thority as it pleased him to give them. They being assembled, he commanded every man in the Kings name to say his mind, touching the receiving of Pompey, whether the king should receive him or not. It was a miserable thing to see Photinus, an Eunuch of the Kings, and Theodotus of Chio, an hired Schoolmaster to teach the young king Rhetorick, and Achillas an Aegyptian, to consult among themselves what they should do with Pompey the Great. These were the chiefest Councellours of all his Eunuchs, and of those that had brought him up.

Now did Pompey ride at anchour upon the shore side, expecting the resolution of this Councell: in the which the opinions were di∣vers; for some would not have him received, o∣thers consented that he should be received. But the Rhetorician Theodotus, to shew his elo∣quence, perswaded them that neither the one nor the other was to be accepted. For, quoth he, if we receive him, we shall have Caesar our e∣nemy, and Pompey our Lord; and if we do deny him on the other side, Pompey will blame us for refusing him, and Caesar for not keeping of him: therefore this would be the best resolu∣tion, he told them, to send to kill him, for there∣by they should win the good will of the one, and not fear the displeasure of the other. And some say moreover that he added this mock withall, A dead man bites not. They being determined of this among themselves, gave A∣chillas commission to do it. He taking with him Septimius (who had charge aforetime un∣der Pompey) and Salvius, another Centurion also, with three or four souldiers besides, they made towards Pompey's Gallies, about whom were at that time the chiefest of his train, to see what would become of this matter. But when they saw the likelihood of their entertainment, and that it was not in Princely shew nor man∣ner, nor nothing answerable to the hope which Theophanes had put them in, seeing so few men come to them in a fisher-boat; they began then to mistrust the small account that was made of them, and counselled Pompey to return back, and to launch again into the sea, being out of the danger of the hurling of a Dart.

In the mean time the fisher-boat drew near, and Septimius rose, and saluted Pompey in the Roman tongue, by the name of Imperator, as much as sovereign Captain: and Achillas also spake to him in the Greek tongue, and bade him come into his boat; because that by the shore side there was a great deal of mud and sand banks, so that his Galley should have no wa∣ter to bring him in. At the very same time they saw afar off divers of the Kings Gallies, which were arming with all speed possible, and all the shore besides full of souldiers. Thus, though Pompey and his company would have altered their minds, they could not have told how to have escaped: and furthermore, shewing that they had mistrusted them, then they had given the murderer occasion to have executed his cru∣elty. So taking his leave of his wife Cornelia, who lamented his death before his end, he com∣manded two Centurions to go down before him into the Aegyptians boat, and Philip, one of his slaves infranchised, with another slaves, cal∣led Scynes. When Achillas reached out his hand to receive him into his boat, he turned him to his wife and son, and said these verses of So∣phocles unto them;

The man that into Court comes free, Must there in state of bondage be.
These were the last words he spake unto his peo∣ple, when he left his own Gally and went into the Aegyptians boat, the land being a great way off from his Gally. When he saw never a man in the boat speak friendly unto him, beholding Septimius, he said unto him; Me thinks, my friend, I should know thee, for that thou hast served with me heretofore. The other nodded with his head; that it was true, but gave him no answer, nor shewed him any courtesy.

Pompey seeing that no man spake to him, took a little book he had in his hand, in which he had written an Oration that he meant to make unto King Ptolemy, and began to read

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it. When they came near to the shore, Cornelia with her servants and friends about her, stood up in her ship, in great fear, to see what should become of Pompey. So she hoped well, when she saw many of the Kings people on the shore, coming towards Pompey at his landing, as it were to receive and honour him. But even as Pompey took Philip his hand to arise more easi∣ly, Septimius came first behind him, and thrust him through with his sword: next unto him also Salvius and Achillas drew out their swords in like manner. Pompey then did no more but took up his gown with his hands, and hid his face, & manly abode the wounds they gave him, onely sighing a little. Thus, being 59 years old, he ended his life the next day after the day of his birth.

They that rode at anchour in their ships, when they saw him murthered, gave such a fearfull cry, that it was heard to the shore: then weighing up their anchours with speed, they hoised sail and departed their way, having wind at will that blew a lusty gale. As soon as they had gotten the main Sea, the Aegyptians which prepared to row after them, when they saw they were past their reach, and unpossible to be overtaken, they let them go. Then having stricken off Pompey's head, they threw his body over-board, for a miserable spectacle to all those that were desirous to see him.

Philip, his enfranchised bond-man, remained ever by it, untill such time as the Aegyptians had seen it their bellies full. Then, having washed his body with salt water, & wrapped it up in an old shirt of his, because he had no other shift to lay it in, he sought upon the sands, & found at length a piece of an old fishers boat, enough to serve to burn his naked body with, but not all fully out. As he was busie gathering the broken pieces of this boat together, thither came unto him an old Roman, who in his youth had served under Pompey, and said unto him; O friend, what art thou that preparest the funeralls of Pompey the Great? Philip answered that he was a bond∣man of his, infranchised. Well, said he, thou shalt not have all this honour alone: I pray thee yet let me accompany thee in so devout a deed, that I may not altogether repent me to have dwelt so long in a strange Country, where I have abid∣den such misery and trouble; but that to recom∣pence me withall, I may have this good hap, with mine own hands to touch Pompey's body, and to help to burie the onely and most famous Captain of the Romans.

The next day after, Lucius Lentulus (not knowing what had passed) coming out of Cy∣prus, sailed by the shore side, and perceived a fire made for funeralls, & Philip standing by it; whom he knew not at the first. So he asked him, What is he that is dead, and buried there? But straight fetching a great sigh, Alas, said he, per∣haps it is Pompey the Great. Then he landed a little, and was straight taken and slain. This was the end of Pompey the Great. Not long after Caesar also came into Aegypt, that was in great wars; where Pompey's head was presented unto him: but he turned his head aside and would not see it, and abhorred him that brought it as a detestable murtherer. Then taking his Ring wherewith he sealed his Letters, where∣upon was graven a Lyon holding a sword, he burst out a weeping. Achillas and Photinus he put to death. King Ptolemy himself also being overthrown in battell by the River of Nilus, vanished away, and was never heard of after. Theodotus the Rhetorician escaped Caesar's hands, and wandered up and down Aegypt in great misery, despised of every man. Afterwards Marcus Brutus (who slew Caesar) conquering Asia, met with him by chance, and putting him to all the torments he could possibly devise, at the length slew him. The ashes of Pompey's body were afterwards brought unto his wife Corne∣lia; who buried them in a town of hers, by the City of Alba.

And having in this manner paid the tribute which the law of Nature doth exact,* 1.3 the law of the Twelve Tables did free his Sepulchre from any further disturbance;* 1.4 Ubi corpus demortui hominis condas, sacer esto, Let that place be sa∣cred,* 1.5 where the body of a dead man is buried. Onely this may be added;* 1.6 That as Fabius was called Maximus, Scipio Magnus, and Pom∣pey Magnus, which titles they carried as marks of speciall Nobleness, to raise them above the common worth of men: so their ends made them even with the lowest of the State. According to that of Seneca; Intervallis distinguimur; exitu aquamur: Here we are distinguished by di∣stances, but death makes us all equall.

Notes

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