The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.

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Title
The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.
Author
Caesar, Julius.
Publication
London :: Printed by R. Daniel and are to be sold by Henry Tvvyford ... Nathaniel Ekins ... Iohn Place ...,
1655.
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Subject terms
Caesar, Julius. -- De bello Gallico. -- English.
Pompey, -- the Great, 106-48 B.C.
Caesar, Julius. -- De bello civili. -- English.
Military art and science -- Early works to 1800.
Gaul -- History -- 58 B.C.-511 A.D.
Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A31706.0001.001
Cite this Item
"The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A31706.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 11, 2024.

Pages

CHAP. IX.

Pompey goeth to Brundusium: Caesar maketh means to treat with hm.

POmpey understanding of these things which had past at Corfinium,* 1.1 depart∣ed from Luceria, and went to Canusi∣um,* 1.2 and from thence to Brundusium; causing all the power he could to be raised by new musters and inrollments, arming shepheards and slaves, and mounting them on horseback; of whom he made some three hundred horse. In the mean time L. Manlius, the Praetor, fled from Alba with six cohorts; and Rutilius Lu∣pus, Praetor, fled from Tarracina with three co∣horts: who descrying afarre off the Cavalry of Caesar, commanded by Bivius Curius, for∣saking the Praetor, turned their Ensignes to∣wards Curius, and joyned with him. In like manner the dayes following, divers other co∣horts came in as they marched, some to the foot troups, and some to the horse. Cn. Magius of Cremona, master of the works and of the munition in Pompey's Army; was taken on the way, and brought back to Caesar: whom he sent back again to Pompey, with commission to treat with him to this effect: Forasmuch as there had yet happened no opportunity of meeting or con∣ference, he was now determined to seek him at Brundusium; for it much imported the Com∣monweal, and every mans safety in particular, that they two might conferre together. Nei∣ther could things be so well handled upon so great a distance of way, where the articles of treaty must be carried to and fro by a third par∣ty, as when they met face to face to conclude of the conditions.

This message being first given, he came to Brundusium with six legions; four legions of old souldiers, and the other raised by new inrollments, or made up as he came along the Countrey: for he had presently dispatched Domitius his cohorts from Corfinium into Sicily. At his coming, he found the Consuls gone over to Dyrrachium with the greatest part of the Army, and Pompey remaining at Brundusium with twenty co∣horts. Neither could he certainly be informed, whether he remained at Brundusium to make

Page 20

good the town, whereby he might the easier be master of the Adriatick sea, and command both the utter parts of Italy, and the Regions of Greece, and so to keep the warre on foot on the one side and on the other; or whether he staied there for want of shipping. Howso∣ever, he would not endure that Pompey should think he could not be forced to quit Italy; and therefore resolved to stop up the mouth of the Haven, and to take away the use thereof: which he went about in this manner. Where the mouth of the Haven was narrow∣est,* 1.3 he raised great mounts of earth on ei∣ther side near unto the shore; for there the Sea was shallow: but going further into the deep, where no such mounts could be raised, he placed double slottes of wood, right against the same mounts, of thirty foot square; and at the corners cast out four Anchors to fasten them, that they might not be tossed up and down by the waves. These flottes being thus placed, he then added other flottes of the same scantling, and covered them with bavin and earth, to the end men might come readily upon them to defend them. He armed them in front and on each side with hurdies and gabions; and on every fourth flotte made a tower of two stories high, the better to defend them from vio∣lence of shipping, and from burning.

Against this work Pompey sent out great ships of burthen, which he found in the Haven, armed with towers of three stories high, full of muni∣tion, and all sort of weapons, to hinder and di∣sturb the same. So that every day they fought a∣farre off each with other, with slings, arrows, and other casting weapons. Which businesse Caesar so carried, as being willing not to let fall the con∣ditions of peace, if happily it might be effected. And albeit he greatly wondered that Magius, whom he had sent to Pompey, did not return a∣gain: and that this Treatie so often attempted, did hinder much his designes: yet he thought it fit by all means to persevere therein: and there∣fore sent Caninius Rebilus, one of his Legates, an inward friend of,* 1.4 and near allied to Scribo∣nius Libo, to speak with him: commanding him to perswade Libo to mediate a reconcilia∣tion, and that Caesar himself might speak with Pompey. It might be, that thereupon both of them would yield to lay down their Arms upon equall conditions: the greatest part of which honour would redound to Li∣bo, if by his intercession the warre might take an end.

Libo having heard Caninius, went streight to Pompey; and within a while returning, told him, That forasmuch as the Consuls were ab∣sent, there could be nothing done touching an agreement. Whereupon Caesar resolved to let fall the matter of▪ Treaty, which he had so often attempted, and to prepare for warre.

THE FIRST OBSERVATION.

THis accident of taking Cn. Magius, hath made known an officer of great place and use in the Roman Army,* 1.5 of whom otherwise their Histories make little mention. For, howso∣ever there is found in these Commentaries many particular descriptions of admirable and incredi∣ble works, such as may seem to be made rather by Giants and Cyclopes, then any labour of man; yet there is no mention of any Praefectus fabrûm, or Master of the works in any of Caesar's Armies. Howbeit Vegetius,* 1.6 expressing their singular care to have in abundance all manner of provisions requi∣site for an Army, saith; That to every legion did belong Carpenters, Bricklayers, Smiths, Painters, and other Artizans, skilfull and fit to build lodg∣ings for their wintering Camps; to make En∣gines and devices for warre; such as were their portative, or ambulatory towers, targets, morions, corslets, bows, arrows, darts, and piles, or what∣soever else might serve, either for offence or de∣fence. Which Artificers were all known by the name of Fabri; and he that was Chief, and had the command of them, was called Praefe∣ctus Fabrûm.* 1.7 And in like manner Plutarch sheweth, that there was such an officer; as also that the place was given by the Generall; where he saith, that Vibius a Sicilian refused to lodge Cicero, as he passed to exile through Luca∣nia; although that in his Consulship he had bestowed upon him the place of Praefectus Fabrûm. And albeit Caesar maketh no menti∣on of any such officer; yet Catullus doth it for him, in such biting Trimetres as will not be forgotten:

Quis hoc potest videre, quis potest pati, Nisi impudicus, & vorax & Helluo, Mamurram habere, quod Comata Gallia Habebat & ultima Britannia? Who can this endure to see, But must a wanton glutton be, That Mamurra should have all Fetch'd from Britan and from Gall?

Of which Mamurra Plinie thus writeth;* 1.8 Cor∣nelius Nepos, saith he, writeth that Mamurra, a Roman knight, born at Formia, and Ma∣ster of the works under Caesar in Gallia, was the first that covered all the walles of his house, which he built in Mount Coelius, with leaves of Marble. Neither let any man disdain the Authour as a mean person; for this is that Mamurra, whom Catullus doth note in his verses; whose house was farre more stately then Catullus did expresse, by saying he had gotten all the wealth of Gallia Comata. For the said Cornelius affirmeth, that he was the first in Rome that made the pillars of his house of solid Marble, even hewen out of the quar∣ries of Caristus, or Luna. Thus farre go∣eth

Page 21

Pliny. Out of which may be noted, that ex∣orbitancy in gaining doth produce the like course in spending; and howsoever such comings in may be close and secret,* 1.9 yet the issuings out will proclaim it in profuse and lavishing manner: and therefore such as command in these places, and have such means to inrich themselves, had need to be clean-fingered. Caesar writing to Oppius, mentioneth the taking of this man, as a thing of some note. Cn. Magium, Pompeii Praefectum deprehendi scilicet, meo instituto usus sum, & eum statim missum feci: jam duo Praefecti fabriûm in meam potestatem venerunt, & à me missi sunt: When I had ta∣ken Cn. Magius, a master of the works to Pompey, according to my usuall manner, I let him go. So that there have two Masters of the works fallen into my hands, and I have let them both freely go. Concerning the use of these manuall Arts, and the prerogative they have in well-ordered States; it is to be no∣ted, that without these, no City can conveni∣ently be built, fortified, or furnished with Arms. And thereupon such Artizans have alwaies challenged a place of chief regard in the Com∣monweal. Whence it was, that Ulysses scorn∣ed not se fabrum profiteri, to professe himself such an Artizan.* 1.10

THE SECOND OBSERVATION.

THe Maxime proprium, or most proper part of warre is opposition; and that universall, rather then any other kind of repugnancy: for there is no sympathizing condition between two enemy Armies, otherwise then by▪ mutuall exchange of velle & nolle, throughout the whole course of their intendments; as may be here observed upon Caesar's arrivall at Brun∣dusium. For finding Pompey to remain there after the departure of the Consuls, and not certainly informed of the reason of his stay; lest he should think he could not be forced to quit Italy, Caesar went about to thrust him out headlong: or otherwise, if his purpose were to follow after the Consuls to Dyrrachium, Caesar's design then was to shut him in, and so to have followed the rule of contradicti∣on, by which souldiers are directed in their at∣chievements.

Concerning the site of Brundusium, which hath ever been famous for the commodiousnesse of the Haven, and the usuall port where the Ro∣mans took shipping for Greece, being but a hundred Italian miles distant from Apollo∣nia in Epirus;* 1.11 we are to note, that the town standeth upon a Langet of earth, extended into the Haven Peninsule-like from the main land, resembling the neck and head of a Stagge, and in that regard is called Brundusium, of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifieth a Stagge: which Langet hath many crooked guts, or inlets of the Sea, capa∣ble of great shipping; besides the two main Ports on either side of the town, which with the rest of the Haven, make the safest and fairest road of that part of the world. The mouth of the Haven where Caesar made his flottes, is ve∣ry streight; and opposite thereunto, some three miles distant into the Sea, standeth a small I∣land, to abate the violence and rage of the waves. Now to besiege Brundusium, it was requisite to take away the use and benefit of the Haven: which Caesar attempted with such rare and artificiall works (of mounts where the Sea was shallow, and of flottes where the water was deep; and those made firm with earth, and fenced with hurdles and turrets, that the Reader may discern it, by the descripti∣on, to be a Master-piece of excellent inven∣tion.

THE THIRD OBSERVATION.

IT is truly said of old, That peace is not dear at any rate. Which Antiochus well under∣stood, when he bought it of the Romans for twelve thousand Attick talents,* 1.12 and 540000 bushels of wheat: Esteeming it as the sove∣reign happinesse of mans fortune, and an ex∣traordinary effect of those intelligent spirits, which guide the motions of the celestiall spheres, to keep the elements in a disagreeing concord, and the feet of men in the paths of tranquil∣litie. Hence it is, that such as are instru∣ments of so great a good, and shall thereby happen to redeem a Nation from horror and confusion, have in all ages been crowned with honour and renown, as the due reward of a Mediatour of Peace. And therefore Caesar, perswading Libo to negotiate a cessation of Arms, and to work in Pompey a disposition to an agreement, propounded the honour which attended this service, and the merit of that en∣deavour which brought back peace into the Empire.

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