The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.

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Title
The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.
Author
Caesar, Julius.
Publication
London :: Printed by R. Daniel and are to be sold by Henry Tvvyford ... Nathaniel Ekins ... Iohn Place ...,
1655.
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Subject terms
Caesar, Julius. -- De bello Gallico. -- English.
Pompey, -- the Great, 106-48 B.C.
Caesar, Julius. -- De bello civili. -- English.
Military art and science -- Early works to 1800.
Gaul -- History -- 58 B.C.-511 A.D.
Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C.
Cite this Item
"The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A31706.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 29, 2024.

Pages

THE FIRST OBSERVATION.

THe neglect of Ceremonies and forms in mat∣ter of State, is the ruine and abolishment of a Commonweal. For if it hold generally true which Philosophers say, That the form giveth be∣ing to whatsoever subsisteth, and that every thing hath his name from his fashion and making: then it must necessarily follow, that the life and perfection of a State dependeth wholly of the form; which cannot be neglected but with haz∣zard of confusion. For complements and so∣lemnities are neither Nimia nor Minima (as some have imagined,) either superfluities, which may be spared, or trifles of small consequence. But as the flesh covereth the hollow deformity of the bones, and beautifieth the body with naturall graces: so are ceremonies, which ancient cu∣stome hath made reverent, the perfection and life of any Commonweal; and do cover the naked∣nesse of publick actions, which otherwise would not be distinguished from private businesses. And therefore the neglect of such ceremonies, as were usually observed to ennoble their actions, was as injurious to the safety of the Empire, and as evi∣dent a demonstration of faction and disloyalty; as the allotment of Provinces to private persons, or whatsoever else they broached, contrary to the fundamentall rights of the publick Weal.

Page 7

Concerning which it is to be understood, that no man was capable of those governments, but such as had born the chiefest offices and places of charge. For their manner was, that com∣monly upon the expiration of their offices, the Consuls and Praetors did either cast lots for the Provinces, which they called Sortiri provincias; or did otherwise agree amongst themselves how they should be disposed, and that they termed Comparare Provincias, Lvie toucheth both the one and the other; Principio insequentis anni cum Consules novi de Provinciis retulis∣sent, primo quoque tempore, aut comparare in∣ter eos Italiam & Macedoniam, aut sortiri pla∣cut: in the entrance of the next year, when the new Consuls had proposed the businesse of the Provinces; it was forthwith embraced, that they should either divide by agreement Italy and Macedonia betwixt them, or take them as their lots fell. Howbeit sometimes the people (whose assent was alwayes necessary) interposed their authority, and disposed the same as they thought expedient. But such as had never born office of charge in the State, were no way capable of those dignities, nor thought fit to command a∣broad, having never shewed their sufficiency at home.

For the maner of their setting forward out of Rome, after they were assigned to imployments, it appeareth by infinite examples of histories, that they first went into the Capitoll, and there made publick sacrifices and solemn vows, either to build a Temple, or to do some other work worthy good fortune, if their designs were hap∣pily atchieved; which they called Vota nuncu∣parc, the solemn making of vows. And he that had made such a vow, stood voti reus, tyed by vow, untill his businesse sorted to an issue: and after he had attained his desire, he was voti damnatus, bound to perform his vow, untill he had acquitted himself of his promise.

Touching their habite expressed in this phrase, Paludati exeunt, it appeareth, as well by anci∣ent Sculptures, as Medalls, that Paludamentum was a cloak used and worn by men of war, whe∣ther they commanded in chief, or as Lieutenants and Centurions; and was tyed with a knot upon their left shoulder. Festus calleth all military garments, Paludamenta. And Varro giving a reason of that name, saith; Paluda à Paluda∣mentis, sunt haec insignia & ornamenta Mili∣taria. Ideo ad bellum cum exit Imperator, ac Lictores mutant vestem, & signa incinuerunt, Paludatus dicitur proficisci: quae, propterea quod conspiciuntur qui ea habent, & Palam siunt, Paludamenta dicta. Paludamenta are military ornaments. So when the Emperour re∣moves, and the Serjeants change their garment, he is then said to march Paludatus. which gar∣ments, in regard they are conspicuous which wear them, and so are taken notice of, are called thence Paludamenta. The colour of this cloak was either purple or white. And therefore it was held a presage of ill fortune, when at Carrae, a City in Mesopotamia, one gave Crassus a black cloak in stead of a white, as he went to lose the battel to the Parthians.

Notes

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