The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.

About this Item

Title
The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.
Author
Caesar, Julius.
Publication
London :: Printed by R. Daniel and are to be sold by Henry Tvvyford ... Nathaniel Ekins ... Iohn Place ...,
1655.
Rights/Permissions

To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.

Subject terms
Caesar, Julius. -- De bello Gallico. -- English.
Pompey, -- the Great, 106-48 B.C.
Caesar, Julius. -- De bello civili. -- English.
Military art and science -- Early works to 1800.
Gaul -- History -- 58 B.C.-511 A.D.
Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A31706.0001.001
Cite this Item
"The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A31706.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 9, 2025.

Pages

CHAP. XXIX.

The Cavalrie of the Galles do set upon the Roman army, and are beaten.

WHile these things were a doing,* 1.1 the enemies forces and the horsemen that were commanded to be levied in all Gallia, met together, and came out of the territories of the Arverni. A great number of these being gathered toge∣ther, as Caesar marched against the Sequani by the borders of the Lingones, to the end he might the easier relieve the Province, Vercingetorix sate down about ten miles from the Romans in three severall camps, and calling the Captains and Colonels of horse to counsell, he told them

Page 187

that the time of victory was now come; for the Romans left Gallia, and fled into the Province: which was sufficient for the obtaining of their present libertie, but availed little for the peace and quiet of future time, forasmuch as the Romans did not purpose to make an end of the warre, but to return again with greater forces. And therefore it was necessary to set up∣on them in their march lad•••• with carriages. If the foot did assist their horse, then they were not able to make any way or proceed in their journey. But if (which he hoped would rather happen) forsaking their carriages every man shifted for himself, they would depart both robbed of their necessaries and of their honour: for they need not doubt of the enemies horse, of whom he was most assured that they durst not go out from amongst the foot forces. And to the end they might be the better incouraged, he would draw all the forces in a readinesse out of the camp, and place them so as they might be a terror to the enemy. The horsemen cried out all together, that this resolution might be strengthened with an holy oath: Let him never be received under any roof, or have ac∣cesse to his wife, children, or parents, that did not twice runne through the army of the ene∣my. The thing being well likd of, and every man forced to take that oath, the next day he divided his cavalrie into three parts: two ar∣mies shewed themselves on each side, and the third began to make stay of the vauward. Which being known, Caesar divided his horses likewise into three parts, and sent them to make head against the enemy. At the same time they fought in all parts, the army stood still, the carriages were received within the Legions: if our men were overcharged any where, Caesar bent the Legions that way, which did both hinder the enemy from following them, and as∣sure our men of hope of rescue. At length the Germans having possest themselves of a hill on the right side, did put the enemy from their place, and followed them as they fled even to the river, where Vercingetorix stayed with the foot companies, and slew many of them. Whereupon the rest fearing lest they should be encompassed about, betook themselves to flight: execution was done in all places. Three of the Nobilitie of the Hedui were taken and brought to Caesar: Cotus the Generall of the horse, who at the last election of Magistrates stood in controversie with Convictolitanis; and Cavarillus, who after the revolt of Litavicus, commanded the foot troups; and Eporedorix, under whose command, before Caesars coming into Gallia, the Hedui made warre with the Sequani. All the caval∣rie being put to flight, Vercingetorix drew in his forces which he had imbattelled before his camp, and immediately after began to march towards Alesia a town of the Mandubii, com∣manding the baggage to be speedily brought out of the camp and to follow him. Caesar having conveyed his carriages to the next hill, under the custody of two Legions, he followed the ene∣my as long as the day would give him leave: and having slain some three thousand of the rere∣ward, the next day following he encamped at Alesia.

OBSERVATIONS.

THe Galles were much stronger then the Ro∣mans in Cavalry,* 1.2 both according to quantitie and qualitie: but the Roman Infanterie was greater in vertue and worth then any foot forces of the Galles, notwithstanding their inequalitie in number. Which sheweth that the Romans did more rely upon their legionary souldiers, then upon their Equites: and may serve for an argu∣ment in the handling of that question, which is so much debated amongst men of warre, whe∣ther the horse or the foot companies be of greater importance in the carriage of a warre. Which indeed is a question à male dvisis: being both so necessary for the perfect execution of martiall purposes, as they cannot well be disjoyned. And if we look particularly in the nature of their se∣verall services, we shall easily discern the differen∣ces, and be able to judge of the validitie of their parts.

Wherein first it cannot be denied,* 1.3 but that foot companies are serviceable to more purposes then troups of horse: for the horsemen are of no use, but in open and champain places; whereas footmen are not only of importance in fielden coutreys, but are necessary also in mountainous or woodie places, in valleys, in ditches, in sieges, and in all other parts of what site or nature soe∣ver, where the horsemen cannot shew themselves. Whereby it appeareth, that the infanterie extend∣eth its service to more purposes then the cavalrie, and maketh the warre compleat, which otherwise would prove lame and uneffectuall.

Touching the weight of the businesse when it cometh to a day of battel,* 1.4 it resteth for the most part upon the foot troups: for the horsemen are profitable to the army wherein they serve, by ma∣king discoveries, by harrying the enemies coun∣trey,* 1.5 by giving succour or rescue upon a suddain, by doing execution upon an overthrow, and by confronting the enemies horse; but these are but as second services, and fall short of the main stroke, which for the most part is given by the footmen. Neither doth a rout given to the caval∣rie serving an army royall, concern the body of that army further then the services before men∣tioned; but the armie doth oftentimes go on not∣withstanding, and may well atchieve a happy victory: whereas upon the overthrow of the in∣fanterie, the horsemen have nothing to do, but to shift for themselves, and get away to their own

Page 188

home. So that it appeareth that the foot compa∣nies are the bulk and bodie of the armie, and the horse as the armes and outward parts, having expedient and necessary offices, but alwayes sub∣ordinate to the main stroke given by the foot.

If any man look for proof hereof by example, he shall not need to seek further then the Romans, being masters of the art military, who by an anci∣ent law interdicting the Dictator to have the use of a horse in the warres for his private case,* 1.6 intimated, as Plutarch saith, the strength of their army to consist in their footmen, which the Gene∣rall in a day of battell should assist with his pre∣sence, and in no wise forsake them if he would. But touching the use of warre amongst them, their Equites were so farre short of the service perfor∣med by their foot troups, that when they would stand to it indeed, they forsook their horses and fought on foot: as in the battell with the La∣tines at the lake Regillus, which I have alrea∣dy mentioned in my former observations. Nei∣ther were the Romans tood horsemen, as it seem∣eth by Caesar: for he took the horses from the Tribunes and the Roman Equites, and gave them to the Germans, as better Rutters then any Romans. But howsoever a State that aboundeth in horse, and trusteth more in them then in foot companies, may harrie a champain countrey, but shall never be able to follow a warre with that strength, as is requisite to make it fortunate.

Notes

Do you have questions about this content? Need to report a problem? Please contact us.