The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.

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Title
The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.
Author
Caesar, Julius.
Publication
London :: Printed by R. Daniel and are to be sold by Henry Tvvyford ... Nathaniel Ekins ... Iohn Place ...,
1655.
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Subject terms
Caesar, Julius. -- De bello Gallico. -- English.
Pompey, -- the Great, 106-48 B.C.
Caesar, Julius. -- De bello civili. -- English.
Military art and science -- Early works to 1800.
Gaul -- History -- 58 B.C.-511 A.D.
Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A31706.0001.001
Cite this Item
"The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A31706.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 7, 2025.

Pages

CHAP. IX.

The proceedings of Crassus in Aquitanie.

AT the same instant of time it happen∣ed also,* 1.1 that Pub. Crassus coming into Aquitania (which both in re∣gard of the large extension of the Countrey, as also for the multitude of the inha∣bitants, was named the third part of Gallia) and considering that he was to make warre in those parts where L. Valerius Praeconius the Legate was slain, and the Army overthrown, and where Lucius Manlius was fain to fly, with the losse of his carriages; he thought that his affaires required no mean diligence: and there∣fore having made provision of Corn, and muster∣ed many Auxiliary forces, and* 1.2 sent for many valiant and prudent men by name from Tolouse, Carcasone, and Narbone, cities bordering upon the province, he carried his Army into the con∣fines of the Sontiates. Which was no sooner known, but they levied great forces both of horse and foot, and with their horse, in which their principall strength consisted, charged upon the Romans in their march: which being easily re∣pelled, as ours followed the retreat, suddenly the infantry of the Galles shewed it self in a Val∣ley as it lay in ambush. These setting upon the Romans renewed the battel, and there the fight continued hot a long time. The Sontiates being animated with the former victories, saw all the hope of Aquitanie rely upon their vertue; and the Romans on the other side desired to shew what they were able to do of themselves, with∣out their grand Captain, and under the conduct of a young souldier. At length the enemy over∣waged with prowesse, and wearied with wounds, betook themselves to flight; of whom the Ro∣mans slew a great number, and then marched directly to the town of the Sontiates, and laid siege unto it: the siege grew hot, the Romans approaching the walles with vines, turrets, and mounts. The townsmen defended themselves sometimes by sallying out, sometimes by under∣mining the mounts and fortifications, wherein the Aquitani are very skilfull. But when they perceived the industry of the Romans to exceed all that they were able to do, they intreated Crassus to accept their rendry. Which being granted, and all the Army intending the deli∣very of their Armes, Adcantuanus their chief Magistrate fled out in the mean time at ano∣ther port of the City, with six hundred devoted companions, whom they called Soldurii; whose manner is to enjoy all good things in common with those whom they have chosen for their friends; and if any misfortune befall them, ei∣ther to dy with them, or presently kill them∣selves: neither was it ever known in the memo∣ry of man, that any of them refused to dy when his friend was slain. But as they attempted to escape, the souldiers that kept that part of the fortification, as they signified his evasion by a clamour and shout, the rest betook themselves to Armes, and so after a sharp conflict repelled him again into the town; where he desired to be taken in the number of the submissive mul∣titude; which was granted. Crassus, having taken hostages of them, went into the confines of the Vocates and Tarusates.

THE FIRST OBSERVATION.

THese skilfull and experienced men which Crassus sent for out of all the Cities in A∣quitani,* 1.3 were those whom the Romans called E∣vocati, such as were free from warfare, and ex∣empted by their laws from giving their names in musters, either by reason of their yeares, or the magistracy which they had born, or for some o∣ther causes which gave them that priviledge: and in that regard were sent for by Letters, intreat∣ing their assistance in the carriage of that war,

Page 77

as men well acquainted with the nature of such businesses. Their places were nothing inferiour to the Centurions for advise and direction, al∣though they had no part in command or autho∣rity.

THE SECOND OBSERVATION.

IN this fight we may further observe their man∣ner of defence against Mounts and Cava∣lieros; which we find chiefly to be Mines. Jo∣sephus in the Jewish war saith, that the Romans having raised an exceeding high mount, the Jews undermined the same with such Art, that as they digged underneath, they supported the Mount with huge props and planks that it might not shrink: and watching a time of greatest advan∣tage, they set all the timber-work which under∣propped the mount on fire; which taking fire with the help of Brimstone and Pitch, the Mount fell upon a sudden, to the great terrour & amaze∣ment of the Romans.

At the siege of Avaricum,* 1.4 we find how the Galles by undermining did take the earth from the Mount, as fast as it was carried unto it by the Romans; and so kept it from rising, and made it uneffectuall. But if it were for the most part made of wood, or other combustible matter, they sought then by all means to burn it; as it hap∣pened at the siege of Massilia: and oftentimes when both burning and undermining failed, they confronted it with another Mount within the walles, to disappoint the disadvantage by e∣quall contesting of it, and so made it unpro∣fitable.

Concerning Mines, thus much may I say with∣out prejudice to that Art, that the chiefest points to be respected are these: First, the true distance to a designed place; which is best got by instru∣ment, and help of Geometry, where other marks of certainty are wanting. Secondly, the directi∣on of the Mine, that we may not erre in our course which the Compasse affordeth. Thirdly, the strengthening of the Mine with timber-work, if need require. Lastly, the countermining and crosse-meeting. All which parts have very many circumstances, and require a larger discourse then may be thought pertinent for this place.

THE THIRD OBSERVATION.

THe strange contract between these Soldurii and their Chieftain may well deserve a place a∣mongst these observations, especially considering the obligatory conditions which either party stood bound to oserve: for the Captain was to make his Soldurii partakers of all his happinesse in this life, in regard whereof they were to take ar of whatsoever ill chance or disaster should happen to befall him. If death, which is the last end of all sensuall misery, took hold of their head, these devoted were tied voluntarily to follow him the self-same way: neither in any memory was there (saith he) ever man found that refused to dy, if he to whom he was devoted chanced to be slain. Which bloudy league of amity as it was repugnant to the course of Nature, multiplying particular destiny to a generall calamity; so was it dangerous in a wel-ordered State, if the Ring-leader were either ambitious, or sought to pra∣ctice any thing contrary to good government: for he himself would presume much upon the as∣sistance of his Soldurii; and they on the other side must needs wish well to his attempts, that were so interessed in his life and death.

Notes

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