The present state of England. Part III. and Part IV. containing I. an account of the riches, strength, magnificence, natural production, manufactures of this island, with an exact catalogue of the nobility, and their seats, &c., II. the trade and commerce within it self, and with all countries traded to by the English, as at this day established, and all other matters relating to inland and marine affairs : supplying what is omitted in the two former parts ...

To the Manufactures and Inventions of England.

MAsons, Painting and Glasing first brought into England, by Benedict, Anno 728.

Antonio Bonese, an Italian, first taught the English to spin with a Distaff, 20 H. 7.

Fine Spanish Needles were made in Queen Maries Reign, by a Negro in Cheap∣side, who refused co communicate his Art; but it was afterwards taught by Elias Crouse, a German, Anno 8^o Elizabethae.

In the tenth year of the said Queen, Ri∣chard Dyer came from Spain, and taught his Country-men the way of making Earthen Fire-Pots, Furnaces and Transportable Ovens for baking of Earthen Ware. He had the first sole profit by Patent, Anno 1555.

Walter Rippon is said to have made the first Coach in England: for the Earl of Rut∣land, Anno 1564. a hollow turning Coach: for the Queen: Anno 1585. a rare Chariot.

Others say, William Boonen, a Dutch-man, Coach-man to Queen Eliz. first brought the use of the Coach into England. And about the same time came in Long Waggons.

Making of Copperas in England was first practised by Cornelius de Vos, a Merchant, An. 1587.

William Saunders, a Fishmonger, was the first that brought our Caelestial and Terrestrial Globes to any considerable per∣fection; but since, they have been much improved.

William Matthews, in the 5th of Queen Elizabeth, was the first rare Artist in the making of fine Knives and Hafts, which were marked with a Half Moon; and for which he had the Queens Letters Patents.

About the same time Pins, which were formerly brought in by Strangers, to the value of 60000 l. per Annum, were first made in England; and now excell all that are made in any other part of the World.

One Bourass first made the Engin for Scale-Board.

One Ross is said to have been the first that made Bandores in England: and, to this, day, that called the Ross Viol is ac∣counted the choicest of all other Viols.

The ancient way among us of keeping Accounts was by Tallies; and is, in some measure, and on some occasions, retained to this day. The most considerable instance is, in the Tallies of the Exchequer. And, not only common Accounts, but the Ac∣count of Time, and the Motions of the Sun, Moon, and other Planets, anciently in some parts of Derbyshire (and some say, Stafford∣shire

also) were usually notched and mar∣ked out upon a piece of Wood. This sort of Calender-Log, or Wooden Alma∣nack, hath scarce been taken notice of, till of late; and now some few there are who understand the way of it. The only one I have seen of them, is in the custody of Mr. John Bagford, a Searcher into Antiquities, Arts and Ingenuities, much above what might be expected from one of his Educa∣tion and Literature.

An Engin for Clock-Wheels was inven∣ted about a hundred years since. An En∣gine for the speedy cutting down of Wheels for Watches, forty years ago, none now made after the same manner.

An Engin for drawing of Pinion Wire, of Steel for Watches, about ten years ago.

Mr. Tomakee, about ten years since, was famous for making Chains for Watches especially, as being the first. His Wife lives in Rose Street, near Long Acre.

Other late Inventions there are, not un∣worthy to be mentioned. An Engin for Rasing of Glass, an Engin for Spinning of Glass, the Engin for Cutting Tobacco, the Rolling Press for Printing off from Copper Plates, Damask Linnen, and the Watering of Silks. The way of separating Gold from Silver. Enamelling in Gold, Silver and Brass;

Boulting Mills, Dark Lanthorns, the Trum∣pet-makers Trade, Cane-Chairs; a choice way of Colouring, used by Book-binders; boyling of Whalebone, making of Horn∣ware. Perriwigs, Womens Masks, Busks, and Fans, and Muffs are said to have come in here about the time of the Paris-Mas∣sacre.

The first pair of black Silk Stockins in England presented to Queen Elizabeth, An∣no 1660.

Sir Walter Raleigh reputed by some, the first Improver of our late Models of Ships.

The best Saddle-Trees are said to be made at Burford in Oxfordshire, and some parts of the North of England. The best Riding-Whips at S^t Edmundbury in Suf∣folk.

Besides the Fire-Engin above mentioned, there is lately brought into use a portable one, of extraordinary advantage, in re∣gard it is capable of being directed into any particular Room or Chamber.