Bartholinus anatomy made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... / published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole.

Chap. II. Of the Muscles of the Humerus, or of the Bra∣chium, peculiarly so called.

THe common containing Parts being removed, viz. the Scarf-skin, the Skin, the Fat, the Mem∣brana carnosa, &c. the MUSCLES shew themselves, by which the motion is made, of which I am to treat in this whole Book; in a convenient place, though Hof∣man think otherwise, especially because the Doctrin of the Muscles is useful and necessary, by reason of Issues, Wounds, &c. And in the other parts they could not be treated off.

Now touching the action of the Muscles of the Arm in general, it is to be noted, that the inner Muscles do mostly serve to bend, and the outer to extend. And in the whole Arm the internal Muscles are more and stronger then the external, because bending is more worthy then the extension.

The Humerus is variously moved,* 1.1 and therefore it hath sundry Muscles, partly lying upon the Chest, and partly growing to the Scapulae or Shoulder-blades, &c. Some reckon them seven, o∣thers

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The FIGURE Explained.

This TABLE represents all the Muscles of the Body described by the Authour, which are to be seen before.

• AA. The Muscles of the Neck, called Musculi long.
• B. The Muscles Scalenus.
• C. The Muscle Mastoides which bends the Head.
• dd. The Vertebra's of the Neck.
• E. The Levator Scapulae, lifter of the Shoulder.
• FF. The Claviculae or Chanel bones.
• G. The Breast-bone, call'd Sternum.
• H. The Acromon or Shoulder-tip.
• ii. The Musculus Subclavius.
• K. The Pectoral Muscle.
• L. The Muscles Deltoides.
• MM. The Muscle Biceps.
• N. The Musculus perforatus, or bored Muscle.
• O. The Serratus minor, or Smaller-saw-muscle.
• PP. The greater Saw-muscle, or Serratus ma••or.
• qqqq. The Intercostal or Rib between Muscles.
• RRRR. The branchiaeus on each Arm, conspicuous from each part of the Biceps.
• SS. The first Arm extender, or the Longus.
• TT. The Musculus Radij pronator rotundus.
• V. Radij Pronator Quadratus.
• W. Supinator Radij primus.
• X. Carpi flexor primus or externus.
• Y. Musculus palmaris.
• Z. Carpi flexor alter, or the internus.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The Os Radij.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The Os Cubiti.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The Ligament which fastens the Cubitus to the Radi••••?
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The Digitorum flexor sublimus or Perforatus.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The Profundus or Perforans, under the former.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The Musculi Lumbricales.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The Flexor pollicis or Thumb-bender.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The Muscles which draw the Thumb towards the Hand.

The following Characters serve to point out those Muscles, which run out from the Region of the Loyns to the End of the Feet, in the forepart of the Body.

• A. The Muscle Ps••as or Lumbaris.
• B. The Muscle Iliacus.
• C. The Obturator internus.
• DDDD. The Musculus Triceps, or Tripple-headed Muscle.
• EE. The Musculus Lividus.
• FF. The Rectus in its scituation, but on the right Leg hanging by its End.
• GG. The Vastus internus.
• H. The Vastus externus, which on the right Leg hangs separated.
• H. The Musculus membranosus, or the Fascia lata.
• KK. The Musculus Crureus.
• LL. The Musculus longus, Fascialis or Sartorius.
• MM. The Musculus gracilis.
• NN. The Musculus Tabiaeus anticus.
• O. The Musculus peroneus Biceps.
• PP. The Muscle which extends the four Toes of the Foot.
• Q. The Muscle which extends the great Toe.
• R. The Musculus Gastroenemius.
• rrrr. The Musculi Interossei.
• S. The transverse Ligament of the Foot.
• T. The Tibia.
• V. The Fibula.
• X. The Patella.

eight and Casserius nine. For the Arm is said to be lift up by two Muscles, Deltoides and Supra-spinatus; and downwards by two, the Ani scalptor and Rotundus major: forewards by one alone, viz. the Pectoralis; backwards by three, the Infra-spinatus and Sub-scapu∣laris, and the Transversus brevior. But they conceive the circular motion thereof is caused by all of them acting one after another: but others will have the Arm to be wheeled about by the Infra-spinatus, Supra∣spinatus, and Sub-scapularis. But I shall in recounting them follow the order of Dissection.

The first is termed Pectoralis, because it takes up the Breast or forepart of the Chest being great and fleshy; which Galen conceived might be divided into three or four.

It arises from wellnigh the whole Brest-bone, and the Gristles thereto annexed; where it is a little ten∣dinous in part of the Clavicula, and the fift, sixt and seventh true Ribs. 'Tis implanted with a short, broad Nervous and strong tendon, into the Os Humeri, be∣tween the Deltoides and the Biceps.

Its Use is, to move the Arm to the Brest, and as the Fibres are contracted more to the upper or lower part or right forward, so doth the Arm incline this way or that way. This is the Muscle which suffers in that torment which the Italians call Tratta de corda, the Strappado. For it is very much haled and drawn a sunder, when the Arms are pulled forcibly back∣wards.

The second is called Deltoides, from its likeness to the Greek letter Δ also Triangularis Humeralis, which is fleshy and so abides, and is spread upon the Head of the Shoulder.

It arises from the middle of the Clavicula, looking towards the Scapula, and from the top of the Humerus, with a fleshy end indeed, but yet a strong tendon lies concealed therein.

Its Use is to lift up the Arm. In the* 1.2 middle hereof the Ancients were wont to make Fontanels or Issues; but o∣thers in the external part of the said Muscles: but an Issue is better made in the space be∣tween the Deltoides and the Biceps, as I shew in my Treatise of Issues, because 1. There is the Cephalick or Head Vein. 2. It is between two Muscles. 3. It may be very well seen and dressed by the Patient. Now the place is exactly found below the Shoulder joynt, four or five Fingers bredth, where when you bend the Arm you may feel the space between the two Muscles, and the Arm being lift up, it is Circumscri∣bed in fat persons with a small Cavity, as Claudinus, Solenander and others observe. Ferrara measures four Fingers bredth from the Elbow upwards. See also Glandorpius.

The third is broadest of all, and with its fellow covers almost the whole Back. 'Tis called Ani Scalptor, Claw∣breech, because it draws the Arm backwards and down∣wards.

It arises with a membranous and very broad be∣ginning, from the points of the Vertebra's of the Back bone, from the Os sacrum and Ilium, as far as to the six: Vertebra of the Chest. It is inserted between the Pectoral and the round Muscle, with a strong, short and broad Tendon. Its shape is triangular.

Fallopius out of Galen against Vesalius, doth teach that this Muscle is furnished with a new, but very smal beginning, while from the lower Corner of the Shoul∣der-blades, it receives very many fleshy Fibres. This Muscle because it hath a large beginning, and there∣fore divers Fibres; according as they are variously contracted, so the Shoulder is either drawn more up∣wards or depressed more downwards. And because it also passes through the lower corner of the Shoulder blade therefore it lightly draws the same also away with the Shoulder.

The fourth is called Rotundus major, and it is obli∣quely seated behind, under the Axilla, being fleshy, thick, and rounder then the rest.

It arises fleshy from the Rib of the lower Scapula, and ascending a little with its tendon, short, broad, and strong, it is implanted with the Pectoral, into the up∣per and lower part of the Humerus.

Its Use is, to draw the Arm downwards and back∣wards, and to work contrary to the Deltoides.

The first is short and round, quite fleshy, which arises with a sharp beginning out of the lowest corner of the Scapula; after it grows thicker and thicker to the middle of its belly, and thence growing smaller by little and little, it terminates with an acute end into that Ligament, wherewith the Head of the Shoulder is involved.

It hath an oblique Scituation, and some call it Trans∣versus musculus brevior, others Rotundus minor. And it is the eighth in Fallopius his account: which Mus∣cle others suppose to be a certain portion of the fourth.

The sixt is called Infra-spinatus, also Superscapularis inferior, because it covers the whole external bunching part of the Scapula, whose form also it bears; but be∣coming more narrow, it is with a broad and short Li∣gament inserted into the Shoulder.

It is thought to wheel the Arm backwards and outwards.* 1.3

The seventh is the Supraspinatus, also Su∣perscapularis superior, also Rotundus minor; it is fleshy and somewhat longish, over the Armpit; it fills the Cavity between the upper Rib of the scapula, and the Spina thereof, out of which it grows.

Now it is inserted with a broad and strong tendon, into the Neck of the Humerus, at the Ligament of the joynt, being carryed above the first joynt.

The Use of this is thought to be the same with that of the former. Others conceive it moves upwards with the Deltois.

The eighth is termed Subscapularis or Immersus; be∣ing very fleshy, it quarters betwixt the Scapula and the Ribs, and takes up the inner part of the Scapula; but it is inserted with a broad tendon, internally, into the second Ligament of the Humerus.

Its Use is to bring about the Arm inwards.

The ninth Muscle was first observed by Arantius and Placentinus, being in the former part of the Arm and called Perforatus.

It arises from the Coracoides Processus of the Scapula (and is therefore by Riolanus called Coracordeus, or Co∣racobrachiaeus) it is inserted into the inner part of the Shoulder about the middle, by the tendon of the Del∣toides. It hath a beginning nervous and short, a long round Belly sufficiently corpulent, and a strong ten∣don. Its Belly hath an hole bored in it, and gives pas∣sage to the Nerves, which are distributed to the Mus∣cles of the Cubit. This Muscle others have only ter∣med a Musculous Portion of the Biceps.

'Tis useful to draw the Arm to the Process of the Scapula; or draw it forward upon the Breast.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Muscles of the Humerus how many?
• * 1.2

  The place of an Issue in the Arm.
• * 1.3

  Its Use.