Bartholinus anatomy made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... / published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole.

Chap. XI. Of the Mouth, Cheeks and Lips.

THe last Organ of Sense remains, viz. the Tongue the Organ of Tasting, which before I explain, I must propound the external parts about the Mouth, and the internal parts in the Mouth.

The external parts about the mouth are sundry. The upper part under the* 1.1 Eyes, between the Nose and the Ears, by reason of its usual Redness, and the unusual by reason of blushing, is called Pudoris sedes the Seat of shamefastness, Maium or Pomum the Apple, also Circulus Faciei, the Circle of the Face.

The lower and looser part which may be blown up, as we see in Trumpeters, is termed Bucca the Cheek, the upper part of the Lip is called Mystax. The Ca∣vity imprinted therein and dividing the same, is called Philtrum, from its loveliness. Now the Lips are two, the upper and the lower, and the chink between both, is termed Os the Mouth. The outer parts of the Lips which hang over, are called Prolabia. The lower part under the lower Lip is called Mentum the Chin; the fleshy part under the Chin is termed Buccula.

Now the Mouth consists of parts, partly boney, as the upper and lower Jaw with the teeth; partly fleshy, as the Lips, Lip-muscles, Cheek-muscles, and lower Jaw-mus∣cles.

The whole inner capacity of the Mouth is cloarhed with a thick Coat, which goes also about the Gums and Lips, and is thought to be doubled when it constitutes the Uvula.

• The Uses of the Mouth are:* 1.2
• 1. To receive in Meat and Drink, and to prepare the same, or begin Chylifica∣tion the beginning, of which is performed in the Mouth.
• 2. To receive in and let out the Air.
• 3. To speak and frame the Voice.
• 4. To give passage to the Excrements of the lungs, the Head and Stomach, by hawking, spitting, and vo∣miting.

Two pare of Muscles there are, com∣mon* 1.3 to the Cheeks and Lips, on each side two Muscles.

The first is that same broad and square muscle lying under the skin of the neck, which the Ancients did not distinguish from the Skin.

It arises about the Channel-bones, and the hinder∣part of the Neck; and with oblique Fibres (which a Surgeon must diligently observe, least he cut them freely and athwart, and so make the Cheeks to be pul∣led

away to one side) it is implanted into the Chin, the Lips and Root of the Nose, and sometimes of the Ears: which parts also it moves to the part, and this is first cramped in* 1.4 the Spasmus Cynicus.

The second lies under this, which makes the Cheeks with its Bulk, and therefore is termed Buccinator the trumpetting Muscle, which is most conspicuous in Trumpetters.

Tis round like a Circle, thin and mem∣branous; interwoven with sundry Fi∣bres,* 1.5 inseparably clothed with the coat of the Mouth.

In the Centre hereof Casserius hath observed a certain strong band, breeding from with∣out, and creeping to the Cheek-bone, where it is ter∣minated into a certain small and lean Muscle, directly opposite to the Bucca.

This Muscle arises from the upper Cheek-bone, is inserted into the lower, at the Roo••s of the Gums.

Its Use is to move the Cheeks and Lips: and it is to the teeth instead of an hand, while it thrusts the meat this way and that way to the teeth, that it may be more exactly chewed.

The Lips consist of undigested spungy flesh (Fallopius reckons it for the ninth pare* 1.6 of Muscles which move the Lips) whose Skin is so mingled with Muscles, that it seems to be a musculous Skin, or a skinny Muscle.

They are covered with a Coat com∣mon to the Mouth and Stomath:* 1.7 and thence it is that in such as are ready to vomit, the lower Lip trem∣bles.

The parts of the Lips which touch one another are red, because of the afflux of blood.

Their Use is,

• 1. To shut in the Mouth and Teeth, and to defend the inner parts from cold and external Injuries.
• 2. For the conveniency of Eating and Drinking.
• 3. For the Voice and Speech.
• 4. To cast out the Spittle, and therefore that Ser∣vants might not spit nor speak, they were bound with Skins, as Ammianus Marcellinus informs us.
• 5. For Ornament.

There are some proper Muscles of the Lips besides the common ones aforesaid, which nevertheless may vary in respect of number. Some reckon fewer, and others more: for some are by some Authors counted simple, which others reckon to be manifold.

The proper Muscles which move the upper Lip, are on each side two. Three there are which move both Lips. The lower Lip is moved only by one proper pare.

The first pare proper to the upper lip, is a remarkable pare described by Fallo∣pius,* 1.8 which slipping down from the corner betwixt the Eyes and Nose, is straight way sunk into the Substance of the upper Lip.

The other pare, arising from the upper Jaw-bone, just in the Cavity of the Cheeks under the Socket of the Eye, thin but broad, fleshy, sunk into store of Fat, is carried down wards right on, to the upper Lip, which moves it directly upwards with the first pare. Some∣times also it is obliquely inserted into the confines of both the Lips, wherefore some do make two pare ther∣of.

The first pare common to both Lips, is long, fleshy, broad at the* 1.9 beginning; arises outwardly from the Jugal process, and descending obliquely through the Cheeks, it is terminated in the space between the two Lips. Some∣times I have seen it from the beginning drawn out as a Rope to the first proper pare. Its Use is; to draw both the Lips obliquely upwards towards the Tem∣ples.

The second common pare of the Lips, from the lower Jaw-bone to the sides of the chin, fleshy, arises with a broad beginning, and sometimes stretched out to the middle of the chin, grows by little and little narrower' till it is obliquely inserted into the same confine of each Lip, but lower, which draws away the Lips ob∣liquely downwards and outwards, in such as grin and gern for anger.

The third Muscle common to the two Lips is circu∣lar like a Sphincter encompassing and constituting the whole Mouth, spungy, and firmly sticking to the rud∣dy Skin, it draws the Mouth together, when people simper as Virgins are wont to do.

The proper pare of the lower Lip is called* 1.10 Par Mentale, the Chin-pare; arising from the middle of the Chin with a broad be∣ginning, and aseends directly to the mid∣dle of the lower Lip, which it moves downwards.

Now all the Muscles of the Lips, are so mixed with the Skin, that the Fibres do cross one another mutual∣ly, and therefore the motions of the Lips are very di∣vers.

To cause that exquisite Sense which is in the Lips, Branches of Nerves are sent thither, and Veins and Arteries from the neighbouring places: from whence that same ruddy splendor of the Lips proceeds, a note of Beauty and of Health.

The Muscles of the lower Jaw (for it is* 1.11 moved) the upper being immoveable) some reckon eight, others ten, called Ma∣sticatorij, Mansorij, Molares, Chewers, Ea∣ters, Grinders, because they serve for the chewing or grinding of the meat. One only pare depresses the Jaw, because it is apt to go downwards of it self: the other pares setch it up, which are exceeding strong ones. Hence it is that some can take heavy weights from the ground with their teeth, and so carry them. Hence phrantick and otherwise distracted persons do shut their mouths with so much stubbornness and strength, that they can hardly be opened with great force and iron Instruments. Contrariwise, the stub∣bornest person in the World may be compelled with∣out much ado, to shut his or her mouth.

The first Muscle is termed Crotaphites,* 1.12 the temporal Muscle from its Scituation, because it possesses the Cavity of the Temples.

This is the greatest of them all, firm and strong, yet firmer and stronger in some Beasts, as Lyons, Wolves, Dogs, Swine, &c. which were naturally to bite hard▪

Forth End of the temporal Muscle, is in the begining of the lower Jaw, which* 1.13 it moves and draws upwards, and so shuts the mouth; and it is terminated in a sharp process, with a tendinous Nerve short and strong.

Now it arises from the Temples wich a beginning broad, fleshy, and semicircular, and by little and little grows narrower as it descends.

Three Nerves are on each side inserted* 1.14 thereinto, two from the third pare, ano∣ther from the fift pare. And therefore this Muscle being wounded or bruised, there is great danger of Convulsion and

of Death in conclusion; especially if the lower part be hurt which is most Nervous. And because of the distention hereof, Hypocrates did pronounce the Lux∣ation of the lower Jaw-bone to be deadly; unless it were put presently in joynt again.

For safeguard sake, Nature hath given it, 1. A Membrane thick and hard, and black and blew in color, wherewith it is covered, and shines with a neat color; the Pericraneum, so that the inner part of the Muscle being all fleshy, doth there stick to the bone without the Pericranium. 2. The Os jugale over the lower part Tendinous and Nervous. 3. She hath fenced the Tendon with flesh above and beneath.

The second Muscle is the Mansorius pri∣mus, first chewer, called Masseter, Molitor,* 1.15 and Mandibularis, or Lateralis, seated in the Cheeks.

It arises from a double Head: the one fleshy, the other Nervous, from the Os jugale, and the first bone of the upper Jaw. It is implanted into the lower part of the Jaw-bone (by a Connexion sufficiently broad and strong) which it turns this way and that way, in such as are eating. For the Fibres of the Head do so interfere and cross one another, that they move the Jaw both forwards and backwards and side∣wayes.

The third pair is the Pterygoides or Alare externum, the outward Wing-muscle, the* 1.16 finding whereof we owe to Fallopius; but Vesalius accounts it a part of the temporal Muscle. 'Tis seated under the temporal.

It arises from the Os Sphaenoideum and the external processus Alaris, with a beginning partly Nervous and partly fleshy. 'Tis implanted into the Neck of the lo∣wer Jaw-bone, and the inner seat of the Head there∣of.

Its Use is to move forwards and thrust out.

The fourth is termed Mansorius alter, the other Chewer, or Alaris internus, being* 1.17 thick and short.

It arises Nervous from the Productions of Os Sphaenoideum called Alatae internae; and is insert∣ed into the inner and hinder part of the Jaw, with a broad and strong Tendon.

Its Use is to draw the Jaw upward and backward, to assist the temporal Muscle.

The fift is termed Graphyoides, be∣cause* 1.18

It arises from the Appendix Styloides, Membranou,s and broad, and soon becoming round and fleshy, tis inserted into the Chin. Hence it is seen to have a double belly, and therefore 'tis also ter∣med Digastricus, twi-belly. 'Tis fastned to a Liga∣ment least it should go too far back. For,

Its Use is to draw the Jaw downwards and so to open the Mouth.

Others do reckon for another pair, part of the Musculus quadratus, fixed in the middle of the Chin. Which broadest Muscle, arising from the upper part of the Brest-bone, the Channel bone and the Shoul∣der tip, and covering the Neck and the whole Face, after Galen, Sylvius, and Theophilus, Riolanus describes in this place. I spoke thereof, in the beginning of the Chapter.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Names of the outward parts about the Mouth.
• * 1.2

  The use of the Mouth.
• * 1.3

  Two pare of Muscles com∣mon to the Cheeks and Lips.
• * 1.4

  Spasmus Cynicus.
• * 1.5

  The Figure of the Muscle Buccinator.
• * 1.6

  The Lips.
• * 1.7

  Trembling of the Lip in such as are ready to cast, how caused?
• * 1.8

  Four pare of muscles mo∣ving the up∣per Lip.
• * 1.9

  Muscles common to both Lips.
• * 1.10

  Muscles of the lower Lip.
• * 1.11

  Muscles of the lower Jaw.
• * 1.12

  Temporalis.
• * 1.13

  The use of the tempo∣ral•• muscle.
• * 1.14

  Why tis dan∣gerous to hurt the temporal muscle.
• * 1.15

  Mansorius primus.
• * 1.16

  Alaris.
• * 1.17

  Mansorius alter.
• * 1.18

  Graphyoides.