A commentary on Antoninus, his Itinerary, or, Journies of the Romane Empire, so far as it concerneth Britain wherein the first foundation of our cities, lawes, and government, according to the Roman policy, are clearly discovered ... / by VVilliam Burton ... ; with a chorographicall map of the severall stations, and index's to the whole work.

BRITTANNIARUM. ITER. V. Editio

Aldina.	Suritana.	Simleriana.
	ITER A LONDINIO LV.
Leguvallio.	GUVALLUM AD VALLUM M. P. CCCCXLIII. sic;
	CAESAROMAGUM. M. P. XXVIII.
	COLONIAM. M. P. XXIV.
	VILLAM FAUSTINI. M. P. XXXV.	25.
	ICIANOS. M. P. XVIII.
	CAMBORICUM. M. P. XXXV.
	DUROLIPONTEM M. P. XXV.
	DUROBRIVAS. M. P. XXXV.
Causennis.	CAUSENNIM. M. P. XXX.	Gausennis.
	LINDUM. M. P. XXVI.
	SEGELOSIM. M. P. XIV.
	DANUM. M. P. XXI.
Legeolio.	LEGEOLIUM. M. P. XVI.	Legeolio.
Ebur.	EBORACUM. M. P. XXI.	Ebur.
	ISUBRIGANTUM. M. P. XVII.	16.
	CATARACTONEM. XXIV.
Levat.	LAVATRIM. M. P. XVIII.	Levat.
14.	VERTERIM. M. P. XIII.	14.
Brocovo.	BROCAVUM. M. P. XX.	Brocovo.
Luguvalio.	LUGUVALLUM. M. P. XXII.	Luguvallo.

ITER A LONDINIO LUGUVALLO AD VALLUM.] Talbot conceives, that this AD VALLUM was added by the hand of some Sciolus or Smatterer, seeing it is plain, as he saies, from the second Journey, that the Wall was beyond Luguval∣lum above XX miles But by his leave, it was so neer unto it, that it may well challenge to it self the words of the a 1.1 Histo∣rian, being proxima mansi•…•… to it, and so it will appear to them, who with their own eyes make a diligent search after the site and distance thereof. But you must understand me so, as spea∣king of the more noted and spatious kind of Stations.

CAESAROMAGO] This station you have again repeated in Antoninus his IX. Journie, which is described from Venta Icenorum to Londinium. Baromagus is put in the place thereof in the

antient Itinerary table, which was set forth out of the Library of Conrad Peutinger. But that came to pass by the heedlesnesse of the describer, as the noble and learned b 1.2 Velfer, who pub∣lished it, hath rightly observed. For when as he made no good use of his eyes, and the former letters being blotted, were scarce discernable, it is plain that he mistook B. for S. that thereby Caesars City, or Town, is signified; and that we the ra∣ther believe this, Plinies authority causeth us, who not ob∣scurely telleth us, that amongst the antient Gauls, by the word Magus, a Town was understood: c 1.3 Industriam Oppidum ad Bodin∣cum, id est, Padum fl. vetust•…•… nomine Bodincomagum appellari, qua∣si dicas, Oppidum ad Bodincum. And truly in all the Provinces, in which there was any publike use of the Gallique tongue, in the expressing of the Names of Cities this termination is fre∣quent: which sufficiently shews it to have been a Gallique word. Although Geo. d 1.4 Euchanan contend, that we may rather surmise this, then they can for certain affirm it. To omit the names of Cities abroad, among which e 1.5 Drusomagus, which we meet withall in Ptolemy, is especially to be observed; with us are found Noviomagus, Citomagus, besides this Caesaromagus here: all which names whilst f 1.6 Richard White deduces from Magus, I know not what imaginary King of the Celts, he would stir the spleen, as well as the Cholar of many, who knew not, that he held it of custom to dote now and then: so small a matter was it with him still to have his fancy running upon the Trojan war, ex∣cept he also bring down our Britain affairs from beyond Cecrops & the Arcadians themselvs. But sober men, and such as have their eyes open as they know that there were many Cities built throw the Provinces, for the honour of the Augustaean Name, called Augustae and Sebastae, of which we have spoken before; so may they learn from the Roman Historian g 1.7 Reges amicos atque Socios, & singulos in suo quemque regno, Caesareas urbes condidisse. And particularly: h 1.8 In honorem Augusti Caesaris Mazaca civitas Cappadociae maxima Caesarea cognominabatur: Jornandes, or Jor∣danus, as others call him, is witnesse of the same thing. Cappa∣doces magnam vivitatem suam Mazacam in honorem [Tiberii] Caes•…•…∣saris * 1.9 Caesaream appellave•…•…unt. Tiberius had both Titles, Caesar, and Augustus, as well as others. And though in the very age of Augustus, not so many (t) as is observed, so many Casorea urbes are not to be met withall among Geographers, yet in the follow∣ing, * 1.10 when flattery grew more ripe, many were new built, and new named so: and so it came to pass, that adding to the name of Caesar, either Dunum, which with the old Gouls either was as much as * 1.11 Collis, or a City set upon a high place; you have Cae∣saro Dunum: or by putting thereto Magus, this Casaromagus in this place, and another in Gallia Belgica, named also by Ptolemy 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, belonging to the Bellovaci. A great argument and

token, that the old language of the Britains was the same with the antient Gallique tongue, accordingly as we see learned men are pleased to have it so.

Two excellently learnedly men, and most diligent, in the ex∣plaining of the matters of their own Countrey, Talbot and Cam∣den do seek for this our Caesaromagus, according as the ratio Itine∣raria doth require it, yet in several places: of whom the m 1.12 first, believes it was that Town, which now commonly is called Chensford, or Chernsford. The distance, saith he, (for I do not think it much to translate his words hither, because his Lucubra∣tions upon Antoninus are hitherto unpublished) very fitly agree; for it is from London by modern computation XXV. miles, which indeed will make XXVIII. Italick miles (as you have in this Itinerary) neither doth the name very much ablude. And in the IX. journey Caesaromagus is placed in the way which leads from Colchester to Londinium. But you will say, who at this day being to take his journey from London to Carlisle, doth chuse his course by Chensford? I answer, that perhaps they did so some times formerly. For also the Kings of Scotland, as we have heard, were wont to come up to the Parliament here this way, and that they, or some one of them, built a Covent of the order of Dominicans, or preaching Friers; as they did also a house of Nunnes at Elstow or Elinstow by Bedford. Adde more∣over, that the Author of this Itinerary, who ever he was, seems not to have followed the shortest cuts, and straitest waies, but thereafter as he attended the Proconsul or Legate, who for his pleasure, or business sake; as, either to hold Courts of justice, or to list more forces, or sometimes to confirm his Souldiers, turned aside into greater Towns not quite out of his way; might seem to have set down those places, through which the Legate, or Propraetor passed. And this very journey, which we have now in hand, seems to be of such an one: wherein he rode through Essex, Suffolk, Cambridge-shire and Huntington-shire, to Lincoln, and thence to York, and so to Carlisle: other wise what meant it, as it is here, two hundred and fifty miles, more or less? when as in the next journey to this, from London to Lincoln, there are but an hundred, and fifty.

Wherefore we must confess, by what hath been said, that here the Pro-consul, or what Magistrate soever, took his jour∣ney through the Eastern, and more noted Cities of the Mari∣tine Countries; and so perhaps they used to set forth: but in the return, they visited the more Mediterranean, or Midland * 1.13 and Western places: or on the contrary these in their setting forth, the others in their return. And hence perhaps it is, that in the second journey between York and London there is so great a distance: a brief and compendium whereof he sets down after∣ward; namely in the third journey after this. This wheeling

and fetching compass about, must needs be on this side York and Lincoln, by reason of the breadth of the Island there, that the people might more conveniently appear before the Magistrates: beyond York there was no necessity of it, by reason of the nar∣rowness of the Island in those parts, that they might meet from both the Seas to some one Town, as Cataractonium, or the like, without any great grievance of the people. Casaromagus seems to have signified as much as Caesaris Burgus; as Neomagus in Ptolemy, Novns Burgus; Rotomagus as much as Rotonis burgus, &c. This I con∣jecture, but I know not certain. So far Talbot, whose words I have translated hither, because they seem to confer much to the ex∣plaining of the course of journeying here in Antoninus.

After Talbot, comes Camden in the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or former editi∣on, of his great work: who in the place thereof hath Burgsted, * 1.14 that is, Burgi locus: by which name the more antient places are commonly expressed, at this day only a Country village, called by the Saxons heretofore 〈◊〉〈◊〉 where by Florence of Worcester in the year DCCCXCIV. the Danes are said to have raised fir∣mam munitionem. But after his second cares, he supposeth Caesaromagus to have been neer Brent-wood. Yet himself que∣stions his own conjecture, because saith he, both the num∣bers in Antoninus are very corrupt, and because he cannot bring the military way of the Romans, as an argument there∣of: neither remaineth there any likeness of the name, but very small in the Hundred of Ceasford, now called Cheasford. Wherefore as in a dead and forlorn business with age and anti∣quity, we have nothing that we can •…•…y for a certainty; when as this Town perhaps faln deep into the Earth hath lain in the bowels thereof some Centuries of years. Onely may we la∣ment the fate of famous Cities, whose tops and Towrs age hath not only demolished, but sunk them down deep into the ground; so that coucerning them I may make use of that, which Demo∣sthenes said of Olynthus, and other neighbouring Cities; a 1.15 That they were so defac'd, that if any one came to the places where they stood, they might call it in question, whether ever men dwelt there, or no: so true is that, which Rutilius Numatianus in his Itinerary hath expressed in elegant verse:

Agnosci nequeunt aevi monimenta prioris, Grandia consumpsit mania tempus edax. Non indignemur mort•…•…lia corpora solvi; Cernimus exemplis oppida posse mori.

For antient Monuments cannot be known, Since eating Time devouts great Walls of Stone; Why should we grieve at this our lives short date, When Cities be examples of like Fate.

COLONIA M. P. XXIV.] This famous Station named Colonia, is only to be found in Antoninus, and it differs from Colonia Camolodunum: for you shall have them both in this same Journey in him. In the last Edition of the Gallique Councels, set forth by Jaques Sermond the Jesuit, you have among the Subscrip∣tions of the first Councel at Arles Adelphius de civitate Colonia Lon∣dinensium; for one of the Bishops that came out of Britain, and by the learned b 1.16 Usher Colonia there is thought to be this very Station, or City: but the incomparable c 1.17 Selden rather judgeth it to be Camolodunum; whom take the pains to consult: and it will be worth your while. There is a World of Roman Coyn found neer about Colchester (for that all our Antiquaries ac∣knowledge to be the place where Colonia sometime had its be∣ing:) a great argument of the flourishing thereof under the Roman times and Command; yet I hear of none ancienter then Gallienus; the Tetrici, the Victori•…•…i, •…•…osthumus, C. Carausius, &c. But its greatest glory was, that it brought forth Flavia Julia He∣lena, the Mother of Constantine the Great. There are those which contend for that, tanquans pro aris & fo•…•…is; and d 1.18 they make her the Daughter of a British King, Coel by name. I am not ignorant that e 1.19 Zosimus makes her a mean and ignoble Woman: but his studied obliquie against her, and her thrice noble Son, I am not now first of all to be acquainted with. It is well known also, how she is in the same manner honoured at Triers in France, as her Birth place; for they deny her Britain for her Country, as well as her glorious f 1.20 Son: But the great g 1.21 Cardinall, with h 1.22 others, asserts it to both of them. By the Inscriptions of that age wherein she lived, we may gather, what opinion and esteem the World had then of her, for she was called Piissima therein, and Venerabilis Augusta.

Many have thought, that the City it self was called Colchester, from a Colony in the Roman Time placed there. But no such matter, rather think we it so named from Coln the River wher∣on it stands, as many other Towns else, and whence also we find this of old time written Colon, or Colun.

But of all, we must not once think that this is named 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Ptolemie, which it seems Surita did; for first that was a City of the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Damnii, a People far away remote in the North of the Island: then Ptolemie and other Greek Writers, when they borow the Latine word Colonis, they commonly spell it by 〈◊〉〈◊〉. whenas this is read 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and no Colony at all.

VILLA FAUSTINI M. P. XXXV.] During the Ro∣mans Power and Sway in the Island, this Station flourished there XXXV. miles beyond Colonia; but in some Copies it is on∣ly XXV. It is not certain in what age, for there is no mention left of it, but here in Antoninus: and once to imagine, that Villa Faustini in i 1.23 Martial were meant of it, will be extreamly redi∣culous.

It is thought to have taken up that ground, where at this day the Hourishing Town of S. Edmunds-bury stands: so heretofore though Talbot, whose opinion our great Antiquary confirms by the distance thereof, as well from Colonia, as Iciani, the two next Sations on either side. Abbo Floriacensis, who wrote the life of King Edmund, so fouly murthered by the Danes, calls it Villam Regiam, and King Sigebert built a Church there; an ar∣gument that it was in those times a place of good note: for as we have formerly noted in severall places out of Beda, the Villae Regiae of the Saxon times had still their abode, where in the for∣mer ages the Roman Stations had been placed. Let us note this after the learned Camden, that the name of this place was in the Saxons time changed into 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which the same Abbo interprets Bederici Cortis, id est, Villa. Now Bederick, as well as Faustinus in the Latine (it is not known who principally is intended either by the one, or the other) having the bodement or signification of felicity, or favour; we may imagine that the Saxon name doth but meerly render the sense of the Roman; especially if we believe Hadrianus Junius, who giving a reason of the name of Bateris the Son of Melon, the Sicambrian (such is the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 of the learned man: for in Strabo it is k 1.24 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is the Brother:) makes it to mean as much, as felicitate & favore plenus. Among our Antiquaries I find this Bederics-gueord is severally written, as Beatrices worth, Beodrices curte. Out of an ancient l 1.25 Diploma, or Priviledge granted in the yeare M LXXI. to Baldeguinus Abbot of S Edmunds-bury by PP. Alexander, it is called Badrices hurde. But you shall see in Weever's Monuments, Budrices Yurthe, out of a m 1.26 Charter of King Knute, and he interprets it Bederics Court, Farme, or Man∣sion-house:

Tantum aevi longinqua valet mutare vetustas

So great mutations works long-aged Time.

The learned Fulk had noted to this place, Halsted: but upon what observation, or what other reason, I leave to others to find out. But of Villa Faustini, thus much, and more perhaps then need.

ICIANIS. M. P. XVIII.] Among the many and severall people of Britain, in the Roman time, the Iceni were also reck∣oned, not only by Antoninus and Ptolemie; but by n 1.27 Tacitus also, who mentions Prasutagus their King; the high underta∣kings of whose Queen Dowager Boadicia, he hath celebrated with an immortall Pen. A portion of them these Iciani seem to have been: for there are many reliques of their name in Suffolk, especially Norfolk, both which they are anciently thought to

have inhabited. Among the later of whom this Station is judged to have had its residence: though Fulk would have had it at Exuey by New-Market; or Hinkson between Cambridge and Wal∣der. But Talbot 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, to use Strabo's words in the like case, as more conversant and acquainted in these parts; and so fitter to judge, if he cannot have it at Thetford, he judgeth it to have been at Ic-borough neer Suaffam: and herein doth our Britain Pausanias, Camden, follow him.

CAMBORICO. M. P. XXXV.] So had all the editions of Antoninus, which I made use of; that of Aldus, of Simlerus, and Surita; and his written books also, saving that of Longoti∣us; which had Camboritum; the reading whereof our great Antiquary had rather follow: for so as he saith, very many Towns in Gaul also were terminated. Now the name it self being interpreted signifies either the Foard of Cam; for so they commonly call that River whereon it stood: but Rith sounded a Foard to the old Britains: or else it is a winding foard; for that a 1.28 Cam signified also with them. Which the very nature of the place seems to shew, for it was set in the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, at the very winding and compass of the River, as Ptolemy spea∣king of Euphrates; so that it was called Grantcester afterwards by the Saxons, the name being wonderfully changed: it is at this day a very small village, where I said by the River; yet here∣tofore reckoned among the XXVIII. most famous b 1.29 Cities of Britain, the Catalogue of which Ninnius hath written; and wherein it takes place of London it self. But out of the ruines thereof that Cambridge did grow, the other ornament of the Island of Britain, or if I should call it the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 rather as Synesius elegantly concerning Constantinople; there is no body a little more then ordinarily versed in humane studies, that is ignorant thereof. Henr. Huntingdoni•…•…nsis Hist. lib. 1. Grantecea∣stria, quae modo dicitur Cantebrigia: the name being compoun∣ded from Oranta, which the same Author in the fifth book calls fluvium Cantabrigiae. Therefore this River seems named Granta, by the Saxons, which in old time was called by the Britains Cam. There is mention thereof in William de Ramsey, Abbat of Crow∣land, in the life of Guthlac, thus:

Est apud Angligenas à Orontae flumine longo Orbe, per anfractus stagnosos & fluviales, Circumfusa palus—

Oronta with meandring streams, Makes many Marshes, Lakes and Fens.

Camden therefore seems, that he would have deduced it from Oron a Saxon word, which signifies a Fenny or Marshy place:

for c 1.30 Asserius Menevensis, saith he, calls the marshy places in Somer∣setshire once and again Gronnas paludosissimas, by a Latino-Saxon name: and a City of West-Friesland, placed in a Marshie Soyle, is called Groningen, as is well known. Venerable Bede saith, it was in his time civitatula desolata: Venerunt, are his words, ad civitatulam quandam desolatam, quae lingua Anglorum Gratacester vocatur, & mox invenerunt juxta muros civitatis locellum de marmo∣re albo pulcherime factum, operculo quoque similis lapidis aptissime tectum. But the Students shew also at this day the dwelling of Beda himself at Cambridge, wherein because afterwards there was a Proseucha or Synagogue of Jews settled there, they name now the Jews House: and yet Beda himself in plain words writes in his Epitome, which he hath joyned to his History, that when he was, annorum septem, cura propinquorum datus educandus reve∣rendissimo Abbati Benedicto, ac deinde Ceolfrido; cunctumqueex eo tempus vitae in ejusdem monasterii habitatione peregisse, inter obser∣vantiam disciplinae regularis, & quotidianum cantandi in Ecclesia cu∣ram. But concerning the beginnings of the University of Cam∣bridge (for neither have we any need to have recourse to the dotages, and fooleries of the Monks) we have the same Beda a most sufficient witness: d 1.31 In these times saith he, (about the year of Christ 637.) regno Orientalium Anglorum, post Corpwaldum Redwaldi successorem, Sigberius frater ejus praefuit, homo bonus ac religiosus, qui dudum in Gallia, dum inimicitias Redwaldi fugiens, exularet, lavacrum baptismi percepit, & patriam reversus, ubi regno potitus est, mox ea quae in Galliis bene disposita vidit, imitari cupicus instituit scholam, inqua pueri literis erudirentur; juvante se Episcopo Felice, quem de Cantia acceperat, eisque paedagogos & magistros, jux∣ta morem Cantuariorum praebente. That word pueri in Beda, King Alfred rendred 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 men, that is, Boys and young men; or as John Cains interprets it, discipuli & juvenes. Now whereas Gervase of Tilbury writes that Castrum Cantabriginse was antiently called Cantabricum, any one might believe that this name was corrupted, and altered, from Camboricum, who knew not, that the Monks (such was the acumen of that lurking crew) did deduce it from I cannot tell what imaginary King of Spain, Cantaber by name. For Camboricum, William Fulk himself also a Cambridge man, a Divine of great name, besides an Antiqua∣rie, as Dr. Usher informed me, hath not noted down Cambridge, but Comberton, some three miles thence, for it.

DUROLIPONTE M. P. XXV.] Talbot reads the number otherwise XXVIII. And thinks it Huntington, for saies he, there is Dour and Pons, which declare a place, where the Water or River was past over with a Bridge. Camden goes a little fur∣ther, who thinks it was over against Huntington, and that it had its original thence; but then he will have the name used in the Romans time to have been Durosiponte, as if you should say, The

bridge at the River Ouse, Use, Ose, and Ouse being promiscuously used. And he will have the common name used at this day Goodman Chester, to be read Gormon Chester, from one Gormon a Dane in King Alfreds daies; of whom see the History. The Itine∣rary distance likes him well: and the place at this day being fa∣mous for nothing more then frequent tillage, the fields so often broken up afford great store of Roman Coyn. In Huntingtons time it was Villa non inamabilis, and of old time it was nobilis urbs, as he writes truly.

DUROBRIVAS. M. P. XXXV.] Henry of Huntington in his recension of British Cities adds six to Ninnius Catalogue, where∣of this is one Cair Dorm. id est, Dormeceastre; quae sita, saies he, in Huntedonensi provincia super flumen quod Vocatur Nen, penitus de∣structa est. What is left of it at this day, is called Dornford, neer unto Walmsford. This in Camdens judgement is Antoninus his Durobrivae here, which he interprets Fluminis trajectus: and it shews the manifest tokens of a ruined City; besides the antient coyn, which are found here in that abundance, that one would think they had been sowed here. Two Military Waies, whose Causseys are yet plain to be seen hereabout, whereof the Er∣minstreet leades directly from Huntington, as appears by very Antient Witnesse. And it seems, that the old City pos∣sessed both banks of the River. See Camden concerning Caster in the County Northamptonshire, and the reason of that name.

CAUSENNIS. M. P. XXX.] It is Talbots conjecture, that this Station Causennes, or Gausennis, gave the name to the hithermost part of Lincolnshire, now called Casteven: even as Lindsey, ano∣ther part thereof, hath its name from Lindum: but Camden calls it his opinion; who yet pretends to no certainty of place, or its antient standing, except it be at Brigcasterton upon Wash, or Gwash; so making some affinity of name between the old name of the Station, and the River at this day. Better, saies he, he could not light on at this time; the distance not gain∣saying it: The later name Brigcasterton also, in which as he saies, vetustatis nomen apparet, so called quasi oppidum Castro∣rum, or, á Castris dictum, because of a Camp there sometime of the Romans. That Brig in the beginning thereof denotes the passage of the River there over a Bridge, which also parted the Roman Military Way. It is believed that the old Gausennae, is now utterly ruined, at such time as the Picts and Scots plun∣dered the whole Countrey about as far as Stanford, as Henry of Huntington is our Author; when our Hengist with his Anglo-Saxons, with unwearied prowesse, and extraordinary valour, so stopt the course of those outragious Barbarians, that many of them being slain, many taken Prisoners, the rest shifted for themselves by flight.

LINDO. M. P. XXVI.] Robert Talbot confesseth himself here at a great loss, about the antient site of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Lindum, in Ptolomy, who sets it down for a City of the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Co∣ritavi, and one of them, which by him are called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. And no lesse appears by Antoninus, in whom we have the VI. journey from London to Lindon, which confirms what Ptolemy saies: there is also in him another City, of the very same name, in the more Northern part of the Island: but of that in its own place, when we shall come to it. The great doubt of Talbot was whether of the two he might resolve on; for the old situa∣tion of Landum: Nottingham; or Lincoln, or Lindecoln, as it was most antiently called. But he rather pitched on the for∣mer, thinking that it was Nottingham: and we will acquaint you with his particular reasons therefore.

First, saies he, Nottingham was as antient as any place of note hereabout; and may be thought equal with the time of the * 1.32 Saxons entrance. As for the old Town, whatsoever the name thereof was in old time, the inhabitants shew it, with a well fortified Castle also, a most certain argument of Antiquity. What ever it was none rather, or more probably, comes into my thoughts then Lindum. The River which through Not∣tingham runs into the Trent is at this day called Lin, or rather Lind; which rising out of Lindwood, a little above the Village Linsey, by the Priory of Newsted, in a small Tract of ground, suddenly encreased with the sources of many springs, becomes an handsome River: then running down by Lenton, or Lynton Town, Nottingham, it is swallowed into the Trent, before it hath well finished twelve miles from the Spring. But by Len∣ton, I think, saies he, that Lindum in this place is meant: for Nottingham is very neer thereunto, so that it may seem some∣times to have been part therof: as which at this day is scarce one mile distant: what if we should say, that the old Town was there; for it is not a thing unseldome seen, that famous Towns have degenerated into little villages. And bringing several ar∣guments, for the Antiquity of Lenton, as also of Nottingham: as that from London to York, no body will chuse his road through Lincoln, but ordinarily through Nottingham. Then that the distance from Nottingham to York, according to the Itinerary, suits at this day exactly, so also from Danum, or Dancaster, not a∣miss: nothing more conveniently: but from Lincoln to York and D•…•…oaster, it doth not hit out so right. Again, by longitude in Ptolemy, it is plain, that Lindum is not so much stretched out to the East, as Eboracum. But Lincoln is just so much: but not so Nottingham: now though all this may be well answered: yet by these arguments, saies he si qui 〈◊〉〈◊〉 mecum in eam sententiam descen∣derent, facile adducerer, ui arederem Lindum, de quo hic & apud Pto∣lemaeum, fit mentio, esse non quae nunc Lincolne, sed quae Nottingham; aut quae Lentonvocitatur.

But Camden is none of those, who will come to be of the same opinion with him: he then placeth Lindum, or Lincoln, at the Foss way, where it, and the River Wytham meet toge∣ther: the Britains called this City Lynd-coit, from the woody situation thereof, for which you have it misnamed in Ninnius, Luit-coit. The Many believed it called Lindum from the River Wytham, which by an antienter name they say was Lindis: but they have no authority for it of any standing. With the Saxons it was * 1.33 Lindo-colin (Camden knows not whether à collino situ:) and Lind-cyllan-cea•…•…. Camden rather deduceth it from Lhin, a British word signifying a Lake: and he brings many instances of the like. The curious reader perhaps will look for farther Antiquity: but there is none extant, besides what we have brought: yet if he please I bring that out of Beda: a 1.34 Pradi∣cabat autem Paulinus verbum etiam provinciae Lindisi, qua est prima ad meridianam Humbri fluminis ripam pertingens usque ad mare. Prafectumque Lindocolina civitatis, cui nomen erat Blecca, primum cum domo sua convertit ad Dominum. In qua videlicet civitate, & Ecclesiam operis egregii de lapide fecit, cujus tecto vel longa incuria vel hostili manu dejecto, parietes hactenus stare videntur, & omni∣bus annis aliqua miracula sanitatum in eodem loco solent ad utilita∣tem •…•…orum qui fideliter quaerunt, ostendi. He mentions it again in the XVIII. chapter: but Beda is beneath that authority which I pretend to.

SEGELOCIM. M. P. XXIV.] This Station in this Jour∣ney is so called; which elsewhere you have written Agelocum. And this also is noted by Talhot, and Simler, by reason of the aequi-distance between Lindum and Danum, or Dancaster: Age∣locum therefore is to be reckoned among those words, to which the antients sometimes put an S. or Sibilus, sometimes they omit∣ted it. So they called the Alpes, which in Lycophrons Cassandra we find written 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: And they, who are called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Insula by Dionysius the Periegetes, the same in b 1.35 Strabo are 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; ly∣ing in the British Sea. Salamantica of Spain, is called by Polybius 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and Casars Swessiones, in Ptolemy are 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. To adde one Common Noun out of c 1.36 Dioscorides, what in d 1.37 Virgils Eglogues is Saliunca, in him is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; or rather take the whole place out of him: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

In our great Antiquaries judgement, this place possessed the banks of Trent in Nottinghamshire, where at this day Lit∣tleborough (a little Town, but very antient) stands, and that upon second cares. At this day it is famous for nothing more, then for the frequent pass of the River there. That the Ro∣mans held it, there are many things which cause a belief. For the Military Way went here, and the Tract of the Walls yet appears to be seen, which yet the Inhabitants, such is their

captu•…•…, do think were raised there to keep in the violence of the River. Then there is so great plenty of Roman Coynes in the neighbouring Feilds, that they are often rooted up by the very Swine: whence it is that they are commonly called Swine∣pennies. The distance moreover from Lindum to Agelocum, or Segelocum, makes us not at all to doubt; although the same learned man write, in the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 of his Work, or former edi∣tion, that it was Idleton, a Countrey Village, which is no where else to be found but by the River Idle; whence al∣so is the Name: And it produced his Conjecture, whereby he would in Antoninus have Adelocum, restored for Agelo∣cum.

For Agelocum, Aulerton in Sherwood, is the divination of Robert Talbot. William Fulk, for some small 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, would have it to be Agle, a small Village not quite VI. whole miles distant from Lindum; when as in Antoninus in any Copies that are extant of him, Agelocum is from it fourteen miles at least.

DANO. M. P. XXI.] This was that Station, which in after ages was called Dancaster, and the Name shewes as much. It is Talbots conceit, that the Water which runs here under a stately Bridge, was Ptolemies 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, called by him Humber: for, saies he, the numbers in him of Longitude and Latitude added to this, and to York, are neer the same: then there is none beside hereabout, to which you may better apply it. I know not this: but I am sure Hieronymus Surita is wide here, and that very much, who would have 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 of the Durotriges in Ptolemie, corrected into Danum: as after Antoninus it is also called by the Notitia Provinciarum Occiden∣tis: where we read: Sub dispositione Viri spectabilis Ducis Eri∣tanniarum Praesectus Equitum Crispianorum Dano. Chrispiana, saith Pancirolus, is a Town of Pannonia in this Itinerary; whence these Crispiani may seem to be taken: except, as he thinkes, we had better read for them Chrestini, out of Velferus his old Papers, who are a People of the Countrey of Dorilania in Belgica along the Rhine, whence these might easi∣ly be brought hither. In the Learned Doctor Ushers Edition of Ninnius, the old Britains Catalogue of our Cities, this place is called Cair Daun. Other Writers will tell you, that in the year Seven hundred fifty nine, it was ruined by fire from heaven; and from those ruins it hath not yet wholly recovered it self. See those Authors.

LEGEOLIO. M. P. XVI.] We must observe in this place with Talbot, Surita, Simler, Camden, and others, that this station is in the third Journey after this called Lagecium. Besides their Authorities, the distance there from Danum exactly XVI. miles makes it good, and it was at Castleford a Village, Marianus

calls it Casterford, where the very meeting is of Calder and ano∣ther Stream called the Ar•…•…. Here are many and manifest re∣mainders of Antiquity: as great store of Roman Coyn found hate, which the common people call Saracens heads, taken up in a place named Beanfield, from the store of them sowed there by the Church: I might urge also the distance from Danum and York, between which here it is placed; to say nothing of its standing by the Military Roman way, and that Houeden expres∣ly calls it Civitatem, though not as Casar uses the words, but as it is commonly taken and understood.

Leland, whom a 1.38 Iohn Baile, Harrison, and Fulk do follow, thought it to have been Po•…•…frel, or Ponfract: but we let him pass with his conceit. In Iosias Simlerus his Scholia's upon Antoninus, you have it mis-printed Logetium, for Lagecium.

ISU-BRIGANTUM. M. P. XVII.] Some Books have M. P. XVI. which others correct into M P. XXVI. but amise I think. It is curtailed here for Isurium Brigantum. We have before said enough of that; we will here say something also of the people called Brigantes.

The [〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉] Brigantes were a people in b 1.39 Ptolemie of the Island Albion, inhabiting from both sides thereof; mentioned also by Seneca Tacitus, Iuvenal, Pausanias, Antoninus here, and the old Inscriptions. Hermolaus of Byzantium the Grammarian, who set forth c 1.40 Stephanus the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, more contracted, hath also in a more contracted word [〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉,] by which he names them: d 1.41 George Buchanan saith, that the right case of this word in Stephanus is Brigas, unde inflectimus, saith he, Brigantes, ut a biga•…•… bigantes. In Tacitus you have in one place. Iugantes, pro Brigan∣tibus, in all the ordinary printed books, by the same negligence of the Printers, whereby you had formerly Tigenes, for Icenos, a people likewise among us. His words are these, e 1.42 Praecipuus Scienti•…•… rei militaris Venutius e Iugantum Civitate, ut supra memora∣vi, fidusque diu▪ & Romanis armis desensus cum Cartismanduam re∣ginam matrimonio teneret. Truly it is exceedingly to be grieved at, that so many books of the Annals of Tacitus are perished, to the great loss not onely of our British Affaires, but also of the Common-wealth of learning; and particularly, that this place is corrupted, that there is no hope of finding out what we would but by conjecture. Plainly then, we must restore Brigantum hi∣ther out of him elsewhere: for it is constantly published so by him in all other places.

As for the severall Etymons, and Originals of this name▪ I had rather then say any thing my self here (for I have •…•…lse where f 1.43 said enough:) refer you to Lhuyd, Camden; Spelman, and o∣thers; or if they speak not enough, to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of g 1.44 Boropius in his Antuerpian Nights.

The Brigantes are reported by h 1.45 Tacitus to have been ac∣counted

Civitas numerosissima Previnciae totius: and indeed they contained i 1.46 Cumberland, Westmoreland, Lanchashire, the Bisho∣prick, and all Yorkeshire. I will set down the Cities, or k 1.47 fa∣mous Towns of them, as I find them set down in Ptolemie; the explanation thereof, you shall have recourse to, in what I have said upon him: in the mean while briefly thus:

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Epiacum. This is remembred onely by him.

O•…•…ro Oulo•…•… Vinnovium. In Antoninus it is Vinoviae, and in some Copies, if not carrupt, Viconia.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Caturractonium. Cartaractonium, in Antoninus: in the same Antoninus, and in Beda likewise, Cartaractone.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Calatum. It is named Balacum in Antoninus, or Calca∣ria, it is not in the same Itinerary; and Beda, as Humphrey Lhuyd thinketh amiss.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Isurium here also mentioned, as also Isuria.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Rigodunum. Camden makes the site hereof to be the same with Coctium in Antoninus Itin.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Olicana. In other Authors there is no mention there∣of to be found.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. l 1.48 Camulodunum. This is in Antoninus Cambo∣dunum.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Legio Sexta Vitrix. Whence we know it was a Colony. However m 1.49 S. Aurel. Victor calls it Muni∣cipium: Britanniae municipio, saith he, cui Eboraci nomen. The same Ptolomie calls it n 1.50 elsewhere 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Evoracum. In the same Author in his o 1.51 Great Syntaxis, which the Barborous call the Almagest, it is named 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Brigantium; if the Printed book be not corrupted, which Camden very luckily suspected. It was indeed the head and chief seat 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, of the Brigantes; but the admired Doctor Usher hath taught us that in the Greek MS. Copy, of the Lambeth Library, the word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, is altogether wanting, for which the Latine Translations out of the Arabick have Bericanas; as it shall be shewed in its due place.

Iuvenal the Poet means these Cities by Castella Brigantum, which you shall find in his fourteenh Satyr in this Verse:

Dirue Maurorum attegias, Castella Brigantum.

The Moorish Huts or British Towers destroy.

For most amend where the old Romans had their Stations, or Castra, there were Cities and great Townes builded; where also in after ages not onely the British, but the Saxon Kings had their dwellings: as I could plentifully observe out of Beds, if there were occasion.

The place which is mentioned onely taken out of p 1.52 Seneca,

I shall think good to bring hither, if it be but to shew the se∣verall readings thereof: these then are his words;

• Ille Britannos
• Ultra noti
• Littora Ponti,
• Et * 1.53 caeruleos
• ...Scuta Brigantes
• Dare Romuleis Colla Catenis
• Iussit, & ipsum
• Nova Romanae
• Iura securis
• Tremere Oceanum.

For Scuta Brigantes Ioseph (g) Scaliger, that great Dictator in * 1.54 Learning, pleaseth himself wonderfully in reading Scoto-Brigan∣tes; and as his manner is, slights all the Gain-sayers: let the time be when it will, when the Scoti came first to be made known to the World. He doth well indeed to take up r 1.55 Ha∣drian Iunius, who hath Cute Brigante; against the right reason and observaoion of quantity of Syllables. Iunius is therein so confident, that he doth take his Oath for the reading: but he hath not yet perswaded the learned World of men to it. For the old reading yet with them taketh place: For as painting their bodies, generally was taken notice of amongst the Britains; so is it not unlikely that they had also their Bucklers painted, as well as other Nations: as we read * 1.56 that the Germans were Scutalectissimis coloribus distringuere soliti, and amongst them the Ary had tincta corporas and also nigra scuta, and the Labici are yet known by that place in s 1.57 Virgil:

—Et picti scuta Labici.

And th' Bucklers of the painted Labicus.

About these Brigantes here t 1.58 George Buchanan doth notably de∣lirare, as became a man of such imperiousness, and insolency.

It is not very certain how the Brigantes became first subject to the Romans; but certain it is, they were often conquered by them. It is worth the while to consult Tacitus, from whom we have a full relation of their Affaires. They were doubtless in the defection of Boadicia, and a considerable part among the Bri∣tains in that their revolt. Galgacus the Caledonian in his speech to his men to animate them against the Romans, shews as much: u 1.59 Brigantes, saith he, Femina duce exurere Colonias, expugnare castra, & nisi felicitas in secordiam vertisset, exuere jugum potuere. Now whereas for the Brigantes in this place, Camden doth sub∣stitute the Trinobantes, I could wish that he had not done it a∣gainst the authority of all books: Galgacus his meaning is to in∣cite his Caledonians to Valour, and the study of liberty, by the

example of other Britains, all whom he calls Brigantes, who were better known to his men, being a great deal the neerest unto them, and the most populous people of the whole Island. But they were not wholly subdued till Vespasians time, as we find by the same Author; when Petilius Cerealis fought against them multa praelia, & aliquando non incruentia; magnamque Bri∣gantum partem aut victoria amplexus aut bello.

In Hadrinans daies, therefore a main defection of all the Bri∣tains hapned out. Now if there be any place for conjecture, the * 1.60 Brigantes seem to have revolted, when Julius Severus was called out of Britain, where he was President to go against the Jewes, who then also rebelled. Dio, or rather Xiphilin out of him, is our Author for it: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. But finally Hadrian himself in person came hither, who conversis, regio more militibus Britanniam petiit: in qua multa correxit, murumque per octoginta millia passuum primus duxit, qui Barbaros Romanosque divideret. Et compositis in Britannia rebus, in Galliam transgressus est, as Spartianus writes. And in our daies too there are extant, taken up amongst the Brigantes, very many Antiquities which speak Hadrians being here, and his doing many things amongst them. Yet though subdued by him, they took Heart again, and as the Poets say, victis redit in praecor∣dia virtus: for under Antoninus Pius they over-ran Gen•…•…ia, an associat Country here of the Romans: but were againe brought under by his Legate here (it should seem Lollius Urbi∣cus:) and lost part of their owne Territories. This is witnes∣sed by a good y 1.61 Writer of those times: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

There are many other things of Antiquity, which I might set down concerning the Brigantes; as of their Nymph Verbeia, and their Topick God Dui: but as I said, I will refer the Reader to my other Work which I have inscribed BRITANNIAE RO∣MANORUM, where I have at large treated of them.

The other Stations of this Journey are formerly sufficiently spoken of in their places: onely here let me tell you, that Bro∣cavio would better be Brovo, as being abbreviated for Brovonacis, which you have in the second Journey.

In the next Journey to this, which is from London to Lindum, or Lincoln, you have the way more contracted a great deal: thus then it is, as you see it represented to your eyes in what followes.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Ael. Sport. in vita Severi Imp.
• b 1.2

  Qui edidit cum Notis suis.
• c 1.3

  Plin. lib. 3. cap. 16.
• d 1.4

  Rerum Scot. lib. 2. hoc magis suspicari nos poss quam pro certo affirmare.
• e 1.5

  The Town of Drusus.
• f 1.6

  Vitus Hist. Britan. libro 1. n. XIX.
• g 1.7

  Suestom. in Augusto cap. 60
• h 1.8

  Festus Ruf∣fus Breviar. ad Valentinian. Im.
• * 1.9

  (i) Libro de Regnorum suc∣cess.
• * 1.10

  (l) Is. Casaubon. ad Sweton.
• * 1.11

  Teste Plutar∣cho, sive quis alius auctor est libri fluminibus.
• m 1.12

  Talbot. An∣not in Itiner. Antonin. MS.
• * 1.13

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.14

  Neer Billice∣ray.
• a 1.15

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Apud Stra∣bon. lib. 2.
• b 1.16

  Vsser. Tra∣ctat de Episco∣pis, & in Pri∣mordiis, &c. p. 195.
• c 1.17

  Selden Comment. in Eutychium pag. 118.
• d 1.18

  Galfrid. Mon. lib. 5. Brit. Hist. cap. 6. & ejus seq•…•….
• e 1.19

  Zosin•…•…. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. lib. 2. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. le∣gend. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. ex Iuliano im∣puro Apostaia.
• f 1.20

  Lipsius in Notis ad Admi∣randa sua, &c.
• g 1.21

  Baron. An∣nal. Tom 3. an∣no 306. Sect. 16.
• h 1.22

  Vsser De Primordiis, &c. cap. 8. Selden in Eutych. in Ad∣dend. ad pag. 115.
• i 1.23

  Martial. lib. 3. Epigram 58.
• k 1.24

  Strabo li∣bro. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• l 1.25

  Apud Sel∣den Notis in Ead∣merum, ex Sche∣dis Cotton.
• m 1.26

  In 〈◊〉〈◊〉. chiv. Turris Londinens.
• n 1.27

  Tatit. An∣nal. lib. 12, & 14.
• a 1.28

  Hinc Camu∣rum pro eo quod in se recurri•…•…, inter peregrinas voces notas E∣rasmus.
• b 1.29

  Bed. lib: 1. Hist. Ecclesiast. cap. 1. & H. Huntingd. Hist. lib. 1.
• c 1.30

  In vita Re∣gis Alfredi.
• d 1.31

  Beda Hist. lib. 3. cap. 18.
• * 1.32

  Robert Talbot Annot. in An∣tonin. anecdotis.
• * 1.33

  Vide omnino Galfrid. Monu∣meth. Hist. Brit. lib. 9. cap. 3.
• a 1.34

  Beda Eccles. Histor. l. 2. c. 16.
• b 1.35

  Geogr. lib. 4.
• c 1.36

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 lib. 1. cap. 7.
• d 1.37

  Virg. Eglo∣ga 5.
• a 1.38

  Ioannes Ba∣laus Centur. XII. Sect. 62. & 63.
• b 1.39

  Pul. Geo∣graph lib. 2. s•…•…d Br•…•…nia 〈◊〉〈◊〉 In•…•…∣presi Pli•…•…i 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ men, pro Piole∣m•…•…, hic •…•…emere 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• c 1.40

  Auctore Suida.
• d 1.41

  Geo. Bu∣chan rerum Scotic. lib. 2.
• e 1.42

  T•…•…it, An∣nal•…•…▪ 12.
• f 1.43

  In Britan∣niis Romano∣rum.
• g 1.44

  Vide eum in Go•…•…is, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 li•…•….
• h 1.45

  Tati•…•…. in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Inhi A∣gricola.
• i 1.46

  Camdenus; quem sequitur Doctissimus Sa∣vilius, aliique.
• k 1.47

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Ptol.
• l 1.48

  In Cod. Pa∣latin. teste Pe∣tro Bertio. ita e∣rt•…•… & Ferd. Non Pinti•…•….
• m 1.49

  Editus 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Andr•…•… Sch•…•…∣to. In Sever•…•….
• n 1.50

  Ptol. in Camne 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 qui inter Cano∣nesejus Astrono∣micos 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 habetur.
• o 1.51

  P•…•…l. Al∣magest. lib. 2. cap. 6.
• p 1.52

  In A•…•…▪ 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 sive Ludo in mortem. Cl•…•…dis Imp.
• * 1.53

  De nigro, & caeruleo colore: vide Iul. Scali∣ger. Exercit. 325. Sect. 10. Aliis quoque in locis.
• * 1.54

  (q) Ad Tibulli lib. 4. Panegyr. in Messallan & Animadvers. ad Eusebii ann. ∞ ∞ LX.
• r 1.55

  In ipsum lo∣cum.
• * 1.56

  Tatis. lib. de Moribus Ger∣man.
• s 1.57

  Virgil. Ae∣neidos lib. 7.
• t 1.58

  Buchan. Re∣rum S•…•…tiarum lib. 2.
• u 1.59

  Tacit. In vita Agricola.
• * 1.60

  (x) Aelius Spartian. in Ha∣driano,
• y 1.61

  Pausanias 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.