Hydriotaphia, urn-burial, or, A discours of the sepulchral urns lately found in Norfolk together with the Garden of Cyrus, or, The quincuncial lozenge, or network of plantations of the ancients, artificially, naturally, mystically considered : with sundry observations / by Thomas Browne.

THE Garden of Cyrus; OR, THE QUINCUNCIAL LOZENGE, OR Net-work Plantations of the ANCIENTS, Artificially, Naturally, Mystically considered.

By THO. BROWN D. of Physick.

LONDON, Printed in the Year 1668.

[illustration]

Quid Quincunce speciosius, qui, in quam cun{que} partem spectaueris, rectus est: Quintilian;

THE Garden of Cyrus, OR, THE QUINCUNCIAL LOZENGE, OR Net-work Plantations of the Ancients, Artificially, Naturally, Mystically considered.

CHAP. I.

THAT Vulcan gave Arrows unto Apollo and Diana the fourth day after their Nativities, according to Gentile Theology, may pass for no blind appre∣hension of the Creation of the Sun and Moon in the work of the fourth day; when the diffased Light contracted into the Orbs and shooting Rays of those Luminaries. Plainer Descriptions there are from Pagan pens of the creatures of the Fourth day: While thea 1.1 divine Philosopher unhappily omitteth the noblest part of the Third; and Ovid, (whom many conceive to have borrowed his Description from Moses) coldly deserting the remarkable account of the Text, in three wordsb 1.2 describeth this work of the Third day, the Vege∣table creation, and first ornamental Scene of Nature, the primitive Food of Animals, and first story of Physick, in Dietetical conservation.

For though Physick may plead high, from the medicall act of God in casting so deep a Sleep upon our first Parent; and Chirurgeryc 1.3 finde its whole Art in that one passage concerning the Rib of Adam: yet is there no rivality with Garden-contrivance and Herbary. For if Paradise were

planted the third day of the Creation, as wiser divinity concludeth, the Nativity thereof was too early for Horoscopie; Gardens were before Gar∣diners, and but some hours after the Earth.

Of deeper doubt is its Topography and Local designation: yet being the primitive Garden, and without muchd 1.4 controversie seated in the East; it is more then probable the first Curiosity and Cultivation of Plants most flourished in those quarters. And since the Ark of Noah first touch'd upon some Mountains of Armenia, the Planting Art arose again in the East, and found its Revolution not far from the place of its Nativity, about the Plains of those Regions. And if Zoroaster were either Cham, Chus, or Mizraim, they were early Proficients therein, who left (as Pliny delivereth) a work of Agriculture.

However, the account of the pensil or hanging Gardens of Babylon, if made by Semiramis, the third or fourth from Nimrod, is of no slender antiquity; which being not framed upon ordinary level of ground, but raised upon Pillars admitting under-passages, we cannot accept as the first Babylonian Gardens, but a more eminent progress and advancement in that Art then any that went before it; somewhat answering or hinting the old Opinion concerning Paradise it self, which many conceptions elevated above the plane of the Earth.

Nabuchodonosor, whom some will have to be the famous Syrian King of Diodorus, beautifully repaired that City, and so magnificently built hise 1.5 hanging Gardens, that from succeeding Writers he had the honour of the first Authour. From whence over-looking Babylon, and all the Region about it, he found no circumscription to the eye of his Ambition, till over-deligh∣ted with the Bravery of this Paradise, in his melancholick Metamorphosis he found the folly of that Delight, and a proper punishment in the con∣trary habitation, in wilde Plantations and Wanderings of the Fields.

The Persian Gallants, who destroyed this Monarchy, maintained their Botanicall Bravery. Unto whom we owe the very name of Paradise: where with we meet not in Scripture before the time of Solomon, and it is conceived originally Persian. The word for that disputed Garden expres∣sing in the Hebrew no more then a Field enclosed, which from the same Root is content to derive a Garden and a Buckler.

Cyrus the elder, brought up in Woods and Mountains, when time and power enabled, pursued the dictate of his Education, and brought the Trea∣sures of the Field into Rule and circumscription; so nobly beautifying the hanging Gardens of Babylon, that he was also thought to be the Authour thereof.

Ahasuerus (whom many conceive to have been Artaxerxes Longimanus) in thef 1.6 Country and City of Flowers, and in an open Garden, entertained his Princes and people; while Vasthi more modestly treated the Ladies within the Palace thereof.

But if (as some opinion) King Ahasuerus were Artaxerxes Mnemon,

that found a Life and Reign answerable unto his great Memorie, our magni∣fied Cyrus was his second Brother; who gave the occasion of that memo∣rable work, and almost miraculous Retreat of Xenophon. A person of high spirit and honour, naturally a King, though fatally prevented by the harm∣less chance of Post-geniture: not onely a Lord of Gardens, but a manu∣al Planter thereof, disposing his Trees, like his Armies, in regular ordi∣nation. So that while old Laertes hath found a name in Homer for pruning Hedges, and clearing away Thorns and Briars; while King Attalus lives for his poisonous plantations of Aconites, Henbane, Hellebore, and Plants hardly admitted within the walls of Paradise; while many of the Anci∣ents do poorly live in the single names of Vegetables; all Stories do look upon Cyrus as the splendid and regular Planter.

According whereto Xenophon describeth his gallant Plantation at Sardis, thus rendred by Strebaeus;g 1.7 Arbores pari intervallo sitas, rectos or∣dines, & omnia perpulchre in Quincuncem directa. Which we shall take for granted, as being accordingly rendred by the most elegant of theh 1.8 La∣tines, and by no made term, but in use before by Varro. That is, The Rows and Orders so handsomely disposed, or five Trees so set together, that a regular Angularity and through Prospect was left on every side. Owing this name not onely to the quintuple number of Trees, but the Fi∣gure declaring that number, which being doubled at the Angle makes up the Letter χ, that is the emphatical Decussation, or fundamental Figure.

Now though in some ancient and modern practice the Area or decussa∣ted Plot might be a perfect Square, answerable to a Tuscan Pedestal, and the Quinquernio or Cinque-point of a Die, wherein by Diagonal lines the Intersection was regular, accommodable unto Plantations of large-growing Trees, and we must not deny our selves the advantage of this Order; yet shall we chiefly insist upon that ofi 1.9 Curtius and Porta, in their brief de∣scription hereof, wherein the Decussis is made within a longilateral Square, with opposite Angles acute and obtuse at the Intersection, and so upon pro∣gression making a Rhombus or Lozenge figuration, which seemeth very agreeable unto the original Figure: Answerable whereunto we observe the decussated characters in many Consulary Coins, and even in those of Con∣stantine and his Sons, which pretend their pattern in the Sky; the crucige∣rous Ensign carried this Figure, not transversly or rectangularly interse∣cted, but in a Decussation, after the form of an Andrean or Burgundian Cross, which answereth this description.

Where by the way we shall decline the old Theme, so traced by Anti∣quity, of Crosses and Crucifixion; whereof some being right, and of one single piece, without Traversion or Transome, do little advantage our sub∣ject. Nor shall we take in the mystical Tau, or the Cross of our Blessed Saviour, which, having in some descriptions an Empedon or crossing Foot∣stay, made not one single Transversion. And since the learned Lipsius hath made some doubt even of the Cross of St. Andrew, since some Mar∣tyrological

Histories deliver his death by the general name of a Cross, and Hippolytus will have him suffer by the Sword; we should have enough to make out the received Cross of that Martyr. Nor shall we urge the Labarum and famous Standard of Constantine, or make farther use thereof, then as the first letters in the Name of our Saviour Christ, in use among Christians be∣fore the days of Constantine, to be observed ink 1.10 Sepulchral Monuments of Martyrs in the Reigns of Adrian and Antoninus, and to be found in the Antiquities of the Gentiles before the Advent of Christ, as in the Medal of King Ptolemy signed with the same Characters, and might be the beginning of some word or name which Antiquaries have not hit on.

We will not revive the mysterious Crosses of Aegypt, with Circles on their heads, in the Breast of Serapis, and the hands of their Genial spirits, not unlike the Character of Venus, and looked on by ancient Christians with relation unto Christ: since, how-ever they first began, the Aegyptians there∣by expressed the process and motion of the Spirit of the World, and the diffusion thereof upon the Celestial and Elemental nature, implied by a Circle and right-lined Intersection; a Secret in their Telesms and magical Characters among them. Though he that considereth thel 1.11 plain Cross upon the head of the Owl in the Laterane Obelisk, or them 1.12 Cross ere∣cted upon a Pitcher diffusing streams of water into Basins with sprinkling Branches in them, and all described upon a two-footed Altar, as in the Hieroglyphicks of the brazen Table of Bembus, will hardly decline all thought of Christian signality in them.

We shall not call in the Hebrew Tenapha, or ceremony of their Obla∣tions waved by the Priest unto the four Quarters of the World, after the form of a Cross; as in the Peace-offerings. And if it were clearly made out, what is remarkably delivered from the Traditions of the Rabbins, that as the Oil was poured coronally or circularly upon the head of Kings, so the High-Priest was anointed decussatively or in the form of an X; though it could not escape a typical thought of Christ from mystical Consideratours, yet being the conceit is Hebrew, we should rather expect its verification from Analogy in that Language, then to confine the same unto the uncon∣cerned Letters of Greece, or make it out by the characters of Cadmus or Palamedes.

Of this Quincuncial Ordination the Ancients practised much, discoursed little; and the Moderns have nothing enlarged: which he that more near∣ly considereth in the form of its square Rhombus and Decussation, with the several commodities, mysteries, parallelisms and resemblances both in Art and Nature, shall easily discern the elegancy of this Order.

That this was in some ways of practice in divers and distant Nations, hints or deliveries there are from no slender Antiquity. In the hanging-Gardens of Babylon, from Abydenus, Eusebius, and others,n 1.13 Curtius describeth this rule of Decussation. In the memorable Garden of Alcinous, anciently conceived an original phancy from Paradise, mention there is

of well-contrived Order; for so have Didymus and Eustathius expounded the emphatical word. Diomedes, describing the rural possessions of his Father, gives account in the same Language of Trees orderly planted. And Ulysses being a Boy was promised by his Father forty Fig-trees, and fiftyo 1.14 Rows of Vines producing all kind of grapes.

That the Eastern Inhabitants of India made use of such Order, even in open Plantations, is deducible from Theophrastus; who, describing the Trees whereof they made their Garments, plainly delivereth that they were planted 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and in such order that at a distance men would mistake them for Vineyards. The same seems confirmed in Greece from a singular expression inp 1.15 Aristotle concerning the Order of Vines, de∣livered by a military term representing the Orders of Souldiers; which also confirmeth the antiquity of this form yet used in Vineal plantations.

That the same was used in Latine Plantations is plainly confirmed from the commending pen of Varro, Quintilian, and handsome Description ofq 1.16 Virgil.

That the first Plantations not long after the Floud were disposed after this manner, the generality and antiquity of this Order observed in Vine-yards and Vine-plantations affordeth some conjecture. And since, from judicious enquiry, Saturn▪ who divided the world between his three Sons, who beareth a Sickle in his hand, who taught the Plantations of Vines, the setting, grafting of Trees, and the best part of Agriculture, is discove∣red to be Noah; whether this early-dispersed Husbandry in Vineyards had not its Original in that Patriarch, is no such Paralogical doubt.

And if it were clear that this was used by Noah after the Floud, I could easily believe it was in use before it; not willing to fix such ancient inventions to higher original then Noah; nor readily conceiving those aged Heroes, whose diet was vegetable, and onely or chiefly consisted in the Fruits of the earth, were much deficient in their splendid Cultivations, or after the experience of fifteen hundred years left much for future discovery in Botanical Agriculture; nor fully persuaded that Wine was the invention of Noah; that fermented Liquours, which often make themselves, so long escaped their Luxury or experience; that the first sin of the new world was no sin of the old; that Cain and Abel were the first that offered Sacri∣fice; or, because the Scripture is silent, that Adam or Isaac offered none at all.

Whether Abraham, brought up in the first planting Countrey, obser∣ved not some rule hereof when he planted a Grove at Beer-sheba, or whe∣ther at least a like Ordination were not in the Garden of Solomon, proba∣bility may contest; answerably unto the wisedom of that eminent Bota∣nologer, and orderly disposer of all his other works: especialy since this was one piece of▪ Gallantry wherein he pursued the specious part of Felicity, according to his own description; I made me Gardens and Or∣chards,* 1.17 and planted Trees in them of all kindes of fruit. I made me Pools of

water, to water therewith the wood that bringeth forth Trees; which was no ordinary Plantation, if, according to the Targum, or Chaldee Paraphrase, it contained all kinds of Plants, and some fetched as far as India, and the extent thereof were from the wall of Jerusalem unto the water of Siloah.

And if Jordan were but Jaar Eden, that is, the River of Eden, Genesar but Gansar, or the prince of Gardens; and it could be made out, that the Plain of Jordan were watred not comparatively, but causally, and because it was the Paradise of God, as the learnedr 1.18 Abramas hinteth; he was not far from the Prototype and original of Plantations. And since even in Paradise itself the Tree of Knowledge was placed in the middle of the Garden, what-ever was the ambient Figure, there wanted not a Centre and rule of Decussation. Whether the Groves and sacred Plantations of An∣tiquity were not thus orderly placed, either by Quaternio's or quintuple Ordinations, may favourably be doubted. For since they were so metho∣dical in the constitutions of their Temples, as to observe the due situation, aspect, manner, form and order in Architectonical relations, whether they were not as distinct in their Groves and Plantations about them in form and species respectively unto their Deities, is not without probability of conjecture. And in their Groves of the Sun this was a fit number, by mul∣tiplication to denote the Days of the Year; and might hieroglyphically speak as much as the mystical Statua ofs 1.19 Janus in the Language of his Fingers. And since they were so critical in the number of his Horses, the strings of his Harp, and Rays about his Head, denoting the Orbs of Hea∣ven, the Seasons and Months of the Year; witty Idolatry would hardly be flat in other appropriations.

CHAP. II.

NOR was this onely a form of practice in Plantations, but found imi∣tation from high Antiquity in sundry Artificial Contrivances and ma∣nual Operations. For, to omit the position of Squared Stones cuneatim or wedge-wise in the Walls of Roman and Gothick Buildings, and the Litho∣strota or figured Pavements of the Ancients, which consisted not all of Square stones, but were divided into triquetrous Segments, Honey-combs, and sexangular Figures, according to Vitruvius; the squared Stones and Bricks in ancient Fabricks were placed after this order, and two above or below conjoyned by a middle-stone or Plinthus, observable in the Ruins of Forum Nervae, the Mausoleum of Augustus, the Pyramid of Cestius, and the sculpture-draughts of the larger Pyramids of Aegypt. And therefore in the draughts of eminent Fabricks Painters do commonly imitate this Or∣der in the lines of their description.

In the Laureat draughts of Sculpture and Picture the Leaves and foliate works are commonly thus contrived, which is but in imitation of the Pul∣vinaria and ancient Pillow-work, observable in Ionick pieces about Co∣lumns, Temples and Altars. To omit other Analogies in Architectonical Draughts; which Art it self is founded upona 1.20 Fives, as having its Sub∣ject and most gracefull pieces divided by this Number.

The Triumphal, Oval, and Civical Crowns of Laurel, Oak, and Myr∣tle, when fully made, were plaited after this order. And, to omit the Crossed Crowns of Christian Princes, of what figure that was which Anasta∣sius described upon the Head of Leo the third, or who first brought in the Arched Crown; that of Charles the Great (which seems the first re∣markably-closed Crown) was framed after thisb 1.21 manner, with an Inter∣section in the middle from the main crossing Bars, and the Interspaces un∣to the Frontal circle continued by handsome Network-plaits, much af∣ter this order. Whereon we shall not insist, because from greater Anti∣quity, and practice of Consecration, we meet with the Radiated and Star∣ry Crown upon the Head of Augustus, and many succeeding Emperours; since the Armenians and Parthians had a peculiar Royal Cap, and the Grae∣cians from Alexander another kinde of Diadem. And even Diadems them∣selves were but Fasciations and handsome Ligatures about the Heads of Princes; not wholly omitted in the Mitral Crown, which common Pi∣cture seems to set too upright and forward upon the Head of Aaron; worn sometimes singly or doubly by Princes, according to their Kingdomes, and no more to be expected from two Crowns at once upon the Head of Ptolemy. And so easily made out when Historians tell us, some bound up wounds, some hanged themselves with Diadems.

The Beds of the Ancients were corded somewhat after this fashion; that is, not directly, as ours at present, but obliquely, from side to side, and af∣ter the manner of Network; whereby they strengthned the Spondae or Bed∣sides, and spent less Cord in the work, as is demonstrated byc 1.22 Blancanus.

And as they lay in crossed Beds, so they sat upon seeming crosse-legg'd Seats; in which form the noblest thereof were framed; observable in the Triumphal Seats, the Sella Curulis or Aedile Chair, in the Coins of Ce∣stius, Sylla, and Julius. That they sat also crosse-legg'd many noble Draughts declare; and in this figure the sitting Gods and Goddesses are drawn in Medalls and Medallions. And beside this kinde of work in Reti∣arie and hanging Tectures, in Embroideries and eminent Needle-works, the like is obvious unto every eye in Glass-windows: nor onely in Glassie contrivances, but also in Lattice and Stone-work, conceived in the Temple of Solomon, wherein the Windows are termed Fenestrae reticulatae, or Lights * 1.23

framed like Nets; and agreeable unto the Greek expression concerning Christ in thed 1.24 Canticles looking through the Nets, which ours hath ren∣dred, He looketh forth at the windows, shewing himself through the Lattesse, that is, partly seen and unseen, according to the visible and invisible side of his nature. To omit the noble Reticulate work in the Chapiters of the Pillars of Solomon, with Lillies and Pomegranates upon a Network-ground; and the Craticula or Grate through which the Ashes fell in the Altar of Burnt-offerings.

That the Networks and Nets of Antiquity were little different in the from from ours at present, is confirmable from the Nets in the hands of the Retiarie Gladiators, the proper Combatants with the Secutores. To omit the ancient Conopeion or Gnat-net of the Aegyptians, the inventers of that Artifice; the rushy Labyrinths of Theocritus; the Nosegay-nets, which hung from the Head under the Nostrils of Princes; and that unea∣sie metaphor of Reticulum Jecoris, which some expound the Lobe, we the Caul above the Liver. As for that famous Network of Vulcan, which in∣closed* 1.25 Mars and Venus, and caused that unextinguishable Laugh in Hea∣ven; since the Gods themselves could not discern it, we shall not prie into it: although why Vulcan bound them, Neptune loosed them, and A∣pollo should first discover them, might afford no vulgar Mythologie. He∣ralds* 1.26 have not omitted this Order or imitation thereof, whiles they symbo∣lically adorn their Scutcheons with Mascles, Fusils and Saltirs, and while they dispose the figures of Ermins and varied Coats in this Quincuncial method.

The same is not forgot by Lapidaries, while they cut their Gemms py∣ramidally, or by aequicrural Triangles. Perspective Pictures, in their Base, Horizon, and lines of Distances, cannot escape these Rhomboidal Decus∣sations. Sculptors in their strongest Shadows after this order do draw their double Haches: And the very Americans do naturally fall upon it in their neat and curious Textures, which is also observed in the elegant Ar∣tifices of Europe. But this is no law unto the Woof of the neat Retiarie Spider, which seems to weave without Transversion, and by the union of* 1.27 Right lines to make out a continued Surface; which is beyond the com∣mon Art of Textury, and may still nettle Minerva, the Goddess of that Mysterie. And he that shall hatch the little Seeds, either found in small Webs or white round Eggs carried under the bellies of some Spiders, and behold how at their first production in Boxes they will presently fill the same with their Webs, may observe the early and untaught finger of Na∣ture, and how they are natively provided with a stock sufficient for such Texture.

The rural Charm against Dodder, Tetter, and strangling Weeds, was contrived after this Order, while they placed a chalked Tile at the four corners, and one in the middle of their Fields; which though ridi∣culous in the intention, was rational in the contrivance, and a good

way to diffuse the Magick through all parts of the Area.

Somewhat after this manner they ordered the little Stones in the old Game of Pentalithismus, or casting up five Stones to catch them on the back of their hand. And with some resemblance hereof the Proci or prodigal Paramours disposed their men, when they playede 1.28 Penelope: For being themselves an hundred and eight, they set fifty four Stones on either side, and one in the middle, which they called Penelope, which he that hit was Master of the Game.

In Chesse-boards and Tables we yet finde Pyramids and Squares: I wish we had their true and ancient description, far different from ours, or the Chec-mate of the Persians, and might continue some elegant remarkables, as being an invention as high as Hermes the Secretary of Osiris, figuring* 1.29 the whole World, the Motion of the Planets, with Eclipses of Sun and Moon.

Physicians are not without the use of this Decussation in several Ope∣rations, in Ligatures and Union of dissolved Continuities. Mechanicks make use hereof in forcipal Organs and Instruments of Incision: where∣in who can but magnifie the power of Decussation, inservient to contrary ends, Solution and Consolidation, Union and Division, illustrable from A∣ristotle in the old Nucifragium or Nut-cracker, and the Instruments of Evulsion, Compression or Incision; which consisting of two Vectes or Arms converted towards each other, the innitency and stress being made upon the Hypomochlion or Fulciment in the Decussation, the greater Com∣pression is made by the Union of two Impulsors?

The Romanf 1.30 Battalia was ordered after this manner, whereof, as sufficiently known, Virgil hath left but an hint and obscure intimation. For thus were the Maniples and Cohorts of the Hastati, Principes and Triarii placed in their Bodies, wherein consisted the strength of the

[illustration]

Roman Battel. By this Ordination they readily fell into each other: the Hastati being pressed, handsomely retired into the Intervalls of the Prin∣cipes, these into that of the Triarii; which making as it were a new Body, might joyntly renew the Battel, wherein consisted the secret of their Successes. And therefore it was remarkablyg 1.31 singular in the Bat∣tel of Africa, that Scipio, fearing a Rout from the Elephants of the Enemy,

left not the Principes in their alternate distances, whereby the Elephants passing the Vacuities of the Hastati might have run upon them, but drew his Battel into right order, and leaving the passages bare, defeated the mis∣chief intended by the Elephants. Out of this Figure were made two re∣markable forms of Battel, the Cuneus and Forceps, or the Shear and Wedge-Battels, each made of half a Rhombus, and but differenced by position. The Wedge invented to break or work into a Body, the Forceps to envi∣ron and defeat the power thereof, composed out of the selectest Souldiery, and disposed into the form of an V, wherein receiving the Wedge, it in∣closed it on both sides. After this form the famoush 1.32 Narses ordered his Battel against the Franks; and by this Figure the Almans were enclo∣sed, and cut in pieces.

The Rhombus or Lozenge-figure, so visible in this Order, was also a re∣markable form of Battel in the Graeciani 1.33 Cavalry, observed by the Thes∣salians and Philip King of Macedon, and frequently by the Parthians, as being most ready to turn every way, and best to be commanded, as having its Ductors or Commanders at each Angle.

The Macedonian Phalanx (a long time thought invincible) consisted of a long Square. For though they might be sixteen in rank and file, yet when they shut close, so that the sixth Pike advanced before the first, though the number might be square, the Figure was oblong, answerable unto the Quincuncial Quadrate of Curtius. According to this Square Thucydides delivers the Athenians disposed their Battel against the Lacedae∣monians,k 1.34 Brick-wise; and by the same word the learned Gnellius ex∣poundeth the Quadrat ofl 1.35 Virgil, after the form of a Brick or Tile.

And as the first Station and position of Trees, so was the first Habitati∣on of men, not in round Cities, as of later foundation; for the form of Babylon, the first City, was square, and so shall also be the last, according to the description of the Holy City in the Apocalyps. The famous Pillars of Seth before the Floud had also the like Foundation, if they were but Antidiluvian Obelisks, and such as Cham and his Agyptian race imitated after the Floud.

But Ninive, which Authours acknowledge to have exceeded Babylon, was of am 1.36 longilateral Figure, ninety five Furlongs broad, and an hun∣dred and fifty long, and so making about sixty miles in circuit, which is the measure of three days journey, according unto military Marches, or ca∣strensial Mansions. So that if Jonas entred at the narrower side, he found enough for one day's walk to attain the Heart of the City, to make his Proclamation. And if we imagine a City extending from Ware to Lon∣don, the expression will be moderate of sixscore thousand Infants, although we allow Vacuities, Fields, and Intervalls of habitation; as there needs must be, when the Monument of Ninus took up no less then ten Fur∣longs.

And though none of the seven Wonders, yet a noble piece of Antiquity,

and made by a Copy exceeding all the rest, had its principal parts disposed after this manner, that is, the Labyrinth of Crete, built upon a long Qua∣drate, containing five large Squares, communicating by right Inflexions terminating in the Centre of the middle Square and Lodging of the Mino∣taur, if we conform unto the description of the elegant Medal thereof inn 1.37 Agostino. And though in many accounts we reckon grosly by the Square, yet is that very often to be accepted as a long-sided Quadrate; which was the figure of the Ark of the Covenant, the Table of the Shew∣bread, and the Stone wherein the names of the twelve Tribes were en∣graved, that is, three in a row, naturally making a longilateral Figure, the perfect Quadrate being made by nine.

What Figure the Stones themselves maintained, Tradition and Scripture are silent; yet Lapidaries in precious Stones affect a Table or long Square, and in such proportion, that the two lateral and also the three inferiour Tables are equal unto the superiour, and the Angles of the late∣ral Tables contain and constitute the Hypotenusae or broader sides sub∣tending.

That the Tables of the Law were of this Figure, general imitation and Tradition hath confirmed: yet are we unwilling to load the shoul∣ders of Moses with such massie Stones as some Pictures lay upon them, since 'tis plainly delivered that he came down with them in his hand; since the word strictly taken implies no such massie hewing, but cutting and fashioning of them into shape and surface; since some will have them Emeralds, and if they were made of the materials of Mount Sina, it is not improbable that they were Marble; since the Words were not many, the Letters short of five hundred, and the Tables written on both sides required no such capacity.

The Beds of the Ancients were different from ours at present, which are almost square, being framed oblong, and about a double unto their breadth; not much unlike the Area or Bed of this Quincuncial Qua∣drate. The single Beds of Greece wereo 1.38 six foot and a little more in length, three in breadth. The Giant-like Bed of Og, which had four Cubits of breadth, nine and a half in length, varied not much from this pro∣portion. The Funeral-Bed of King Cheops, in the greater Pyramid, which holds seven in length, and four foot in breadth, had no great difformity from this measure: And whatsoever were the breadth, the length could hardly be less of the tyrannical Bed of Procrustes, since in a shorter mea∣sure he had not been fitted with persons for his cruelty of Extension. But the old Sepulchral Bed or Amazonianp 1.39 Tomb in the Market-place of Megara was in the form of a Lozenge, readily made out by the composure of the Body. For the Armes not lying fasciated or wrapt up after the Graecian manner, but in a middle distension, the including lines will strict∣ly make out that Figure.

CHAP. III.

NOW although this elegant ordination of Vegetables hath found coin∣cidence or imitation in sundry works of Art; yet is it not also de∣stitute of Natural examples, and, though overlooked by all, was elegantly observable in severall works of Nature.

Could we satisfie our selves in the position of the Lights above, or dis∣cover the wisedom of that Order so invariably maintained in the fixed Stars of Heaven; could we have any light, why the Stellary part of the first Mass separated into this Order, that the Girdle of Orion should ever maintain its line, and the two Stars in Charles's Wain never leave point∣ing at the Pole-Star; we might abate the Pythagorical Musick of the Spheres, the sevenfold Pipe of Pan, and the strange Cryptography of Gaf∣farel in his Starry Book of Heaven.

But not to look so high as Heaven, or the single Quincunx of the Hya∣des upon the neck of Taurus, the Triangle and remarkable Crusero about the foot of the Centaur; observable rudiments there are hereof in sub∣terraneous Concretions and Bodies in the earth; in the Gypsum or Taleum Rhomboïdes, in the Favaginites or Honey-comb-stone, in the Asteria and Astroïtes, and in the crucigerous Stone of S. Jago of Gallicia.

The same is observably effected in the Iülus, Catkins, or pendulous Ex∣crescencies of several Trees, of Walnuts, Alders and Hazels, which hanging all the Winter, and maintaining their Net-work close, by the ex∣pansion thereof are the early foretellers of the Spring; discoverable also in long Pepper, and elegantly in the Iülus of Calamus aromaticus, so plen∣tifully growing with us in the first Palms of Willows, and in the Flowers of Sycamore, Petasites, Asphodelus, and Blattaria, before explication▪ Af∣ter such order stand the flowry Branches in our best-spread Verbascum, and the Seeds about the spicous head or torch of Tapsus barbatus, in as* 1.40 fair a regularity as the circular and wreathed order will admit, which advanceth one side of the Square, and makes the same Rhomboi∣dal.

In the squamous Heads of Scabious, Knapweed, and the elegant Jacea Pinan, and in the scaly composure of the Oak-rose, which some years most aboundeth. After this Order hath Nature planted the Leaves in the head of the common and prickled Artichoak, wherein the black and shining Flies do shelter themselves, when they retire from the purple Flower a∣bout it. The same is also found in the Pricks, Sockets and impressions of the Seeds, in the Pulp or bottom thereof; wherein do elegantly stick the Fathers of their Mother. To omit the Quincuncial Specks on the top of the Miscle-berry, especially that which grows upon the Tilia

or Lime-Tree; and the remarkable disposure of those yellow Fringes* 1.41 about the purple Pestill of Aron, and elegant clusters of Dragons, so pecu∣liarly secured by Nature with an Umbrella or skreening Leaf about them.

The spongy Leaves of some Sea-wrecks, Fucus, Oaks in their severall kindes, found about the Shoar with ejectments of the Sea, are overwrought with Net-work elegantly containing this Order; which plainly declareth the naturality of this Texture, and how the Needle of Nature delighteth to work even in low and doubtfull Vegetations.

The Arbustetum or Thicket on the head of the Teazil may be observed in this Order: And he that considereth that Fabrick so regularly palisado'd and stemm'd with Flowers of the royal colour, in the house of the solitary Maggot may find the Seraglio of Solomon; and contemplating the calicu∣lar Shafts and uncoas disposure of their extremities, so accommodable unto the office of Abstersion, not condemn as wholly improbable the conceit of those who accept it for the herba 1.42 Borith. Where by the way we could with much inquiry never discover any transfiguration in this abstemious Insect, although we have kept them long in their proper Houses and Box∣es, where some, wrapt up in their Webs, have lived upon their own Bowels from September unto July.

In such a Grove do walk the little Creepers about the head of the Burre. And such an order is observed in the aculeous prickly Plantation upon the heads of severall common Thistles, remarkably in the notable Pa∣lisadoes about the flower of the Milk-thistle: And he that inquireth into the little bottom of the Globe-thistle, may find that gallant Bush arise from a Scalp of like disposure.

The white Umbrella or medicall bush of Elder is an Epitome of this Or∣der, arising from five main Stemms Quincuncially disposed, and tolera∣bly maintained in their subdivisions. To omit the lower observations in the seminal Spike of Mercurie wild and Plantane.

Thus hath Nature ranged the Flowers of Santfoyn and French Hony∣suckle; and somewhat after this manner hath ordered the bush in Jupi∣ter's Beard, or House-leek, which old Superstition set on the tops of houses as a defensative against Lightning and Thunder. The like in Fenny Seagreen, or the Water-b 1.43 Souldier; which, though a military name from Greece, makes out the Roman Order.

A like ordination there is in the favaginous Sockets and Lozenge-seeds of the noble Flower of the Sun, wherein in Lozenge-figured Boxes Na∣ture shuts up the Seeds and Balsame which is about them.

But the Firre and Pine-tree from their Fruits do naturally dictate this position: the Rhomboidal protuberances in Pine-apples maintaining this Quincuncial Order unto each other, and each Rhombus in it self. Thus are also disposed the triangular Foliations in the conicall Fruit of the Firre∣tree, orderly shadowing and protecting the winged Seeds below them.

The like so often occurreth to the curiosity of Observers, especially in

spicated Seeds and Flowers, that we shall not need to take in the single Quincunx of Fuchsius in the growth of the male Fern, the seedy disposure of Gramen Ischaemon, and the Trunk or neat Reticulate work in the Cod of the Sachell-palm.

For even in very many round-stalked Plants the Leaves are set after a quintuple Ordination, the first Leaf answering the fifth in lateral dispositi∣on; wherein the Leaves successively rounding the Stalk, in four at the far∣thest the Compass is absolved, and the fifth Leaf or Sprout returns to the position of the other fifth before it; as in accounting upward is often ob∣servable in furre-Pelitory, Ragweed, the Sprouts of Oaks, and Thorns upon Pollards, and very remarkable in the regular disposure of the rugged excrescencies in the yearly Shoots of the Pine.

But in square-stalked Plants the Leaves stand respectively unto each o∣ther, either in cross or decussation to those above or below them, arising at cross positions; whereby they shadow not each other, and better resist the force of Winds, which in a parallel situation and upon square Stalks would more forcibly beat upon them.

And to omit, how Leaves and Sprouts which compass not the Stalk are often set in a Rhomboides, and, making long and short Diagonals, do stand like the Legs of Quadrupedes when they go; nor to urge the thwart en∣closure and furdling of Flowers and Blossomes before explication, as in the multiplied Leaves of Pionie; and the Chiasmus in five-leaved Flowers, while one lies wrapt about the staminous Beards, the other four obliquely shutting and closing upon each other; and how even Flowers which con∣sist of four Leaves stand not ordinarily in three and one, but two and two cross-wise unto the Stylus: even the Autumnal Buds, which await the return of the Sun, do after the Winter Solstice multiply their calicular Leaves, making little Rhombus's and Network-figures, as in the Sycamore and Lilac.

The like is discoverable in the original production of Plants, which first putting forth two Leaves, those which succeed bear not over each other, but shoot obliquely or cross-wise, untill the Stalk appeareth, which sen∣deth not forth its first Leaves without all order unto them: and he that from hence can discover in what position the two first Leaves did arise, is no ordinary Observator.

Where, by the way, he that observeth the rudimental Spring of Seeds, shall find strict rule, although not after this order. How little is required unto effectual Generation, and in what diminutives the Plastick Principle lodgeth, is exemplified in Seeds, wherein the greater mass affords so little comproduction. In Beans the Leaf and Root sprout from the Germen, the main sides split and lie by; and in some pull'd up near the time of Blooming we have found the pulpous sides intire or little wasted. In Acorns the Neb dilating splitteth the two sides, which sometimes lie whole when the Oak is sprouted two handfuls. In Lupins these pulpy sides do

sometimes arise with the Stalk in a resemblance of two fat Leaves. Wheat and Rie will grow up, if, after they have shot some tender Roots, the adhering Pulp be taken from them. Beans will prosper though a part be cut away, and so much set as sufficeth to contain and keep the Germen close. From this superfluous Pulp, in unkindly and wet years, may arise that multiplicity of little Insects which infest the Roots and Sprouts of tender Grains and Pulses.

In the little Neb or fructifying principle the motion is regular, and not transvertible, as to make that ever the Leaf which Nature intendeth the Root; observable from their Conversion untill they attain their right position, if Seeds be set inversedly.

In vain we expect the production of Plants from different parts of the Seed; from the same Corculum or little original proceed both Germinati∣ons: and in the power of this slender particle lie many Roots, that though the same be pull'd away, the generative particle will renew them again, and proceed to a perfect Plant: And Malt may be observed to grow, though the Cooms be fallen from it.

The Seminal Neb hath a defined and single place, and not extended un∣to both extremes. And therefore many too vulgarly conceive that Barley and Oats grow at both ends; for they arise from one punctilio or genera∣tive Neb, and the Spear, sliding under the Husk, first appeareth nigh the top. But in Wheat and Rie, being bare, the Sprouts are seen to∣gether. If Barley unhulled would grow, both would appear at once. But in this and Oat-meal the Neb is broken away; which makes them the milder food, and less apt to raise Fermentation in Decoctions.

Men taking notice of what is outwardly visible, conceive a sensible pri∣ority in the Root. But as they begin from one part, so they seem to start and set out upon one signal of Nature. In Beans yet soft, in Pease while they adhere unto the Cod, the rudimental Leaf and Root are discoverable. In the Seeds of Rocket and Mustard, sprouting in Glasses of water, when the one is manifest, the other is also perceptible. In muddy waters, apt to breed Duck-weed and Perwinkles, if the first and rudimental stroaks of Duck-weed be observed, the Leaves and Root anticipate not each other. But in the Date-stone the first Sprout is neither Root nor Leaf distinctly, but both together: For the Germination being to pass through the narrow Navel and hole about the midst of the Stone, the generative Germ is fain to inlengthen it self, and shooting out about an inch, at that distance divideth into the ascending and descending portion.

And though it be generally thought that Seeds will root at that end where they adhere to their Originals, and observable it is that the Neb sits most often next the Stalk, as in Grains, Pulses, and most small Seeds; yet is it hardly made out in many greater Plants. For in Acorns▪ Almonds, Pistachios, Walnuts, and acuminated Shells, the Germ puts forth at the remotest part of the Pulp. And therefore to set Seeds in that posture

wherein the Leaf and Roots may shoot right without contortion or forced circumvolution, which might render them strongly rooted and straighter, were a Criticism in Agriculture. And Nature seems to have made some provision hereof in many from their Figure, that as they fall from the Tree they may lie in positions agreeable to such advantages.

Beside the open and visible Testicles of Plants, the seminal Pores lie ingreat part invisible, while the Sun finds Polypody in Stone-walls, the little stinging Nettle and Nightshade in barren sandy High-ways, Scurvy-grass in Green∣land, and unknown Plants brought in earth from remote Countreys. Beside the known longevity of some Trees, what is the most lasting Herb or Seed seems not easily determinable. Mandrakes upon known account have lived near an hundred years. Seeds found in Wild-Fowls Gizzards have sprou∣ted in the earth. The Seeds of Marjoram and Stramonium, carelesly kept, have grown after seven years. Even in Garden-plots longfallow, and dig∣ged up, the Seeds of Blattaria and yellow Henbane after twelve years bu∣riall have produced themselves again.

That Bodies are first Spirits Paracelsus could affirm, which in the ma∣turation* 1.44 of Seeds and Fruits seems obscurely implied by Aristotle, when he delivereth that the spirituous parts are converted into Water, and the Water into Earth; and attested by observation in the maturative progress of Seeds, wherein at first may be discerned a flatuous distention of the Husk, afterwards a thin Liquour, which longer time digesteth into a Pulp or Kernell, observable in Almonds and large Nuts; and someway answe∣red in the progressionall perfection of animal Semination, in its spermati∣call maturation from crude pubescency unto perfection. And even that Seeds themselves in their rudimentall discoveries appear in foliaceous Sur∣cles or Sprouts within their Coverings, in a diaphanous Jellie, before dee∣per incrassation, is also visibly verified in Cherries, Acorns, Plums.

From Seminal considerations, either in reference unto one another, or distinction from animal production, the Holy Scripture describeth the Vegetable creation; and while it divideth Plants but into Herb and Tree, though it seemeth to make but an accidental Division from magnitude, it ta∣citly containeth the natural distinction of Vegetables observed by Herba∣rists, and comprehending the four kinds. For since the most natural di∣stinction is made from the production of Leaf or Stalk, and Plants after the two first seminal Leaves do either proceed to send forth more Leaves, or a Stalk; the folious and stalky emission distinguisheth Herbs and Trees, and stand authentically differenced but from the accidents of the Stalk.

The equivocal production of things under undiscerned Principles makes a large part of Generation, though they seem to hold a wide Univocacy in their set and certain Originals, while almost every Plant breeds its peculiar Insect, most a Butterfly, Moth or Fly; werein the Oak seems to contain the largest Seminality, while the Iulus, Oak-Apple, Dill, woolly Tuft, fo∣raminous Roundles upon the Leaf, and Grapes under ground, make a Fly

with some difference. The great variety of Flies lies in the variety of their Originals. In the Seeds of Caterpillars or Cankers there lieth not onely a Butterfly or Moth, but, if they be steril or untimely cast, their pro∣duction is often a Fly; which we have also observed from corrupted and mouldred Eggs both of Hens and Fishes. To omit the generation of Bees out of the Bodies of dead Heifers, or, what is strange, yet well attested, the production of Eels in the backs of living Cods and Perches * 1.45

The exiguity and smalness of some Seeds extending to large productions is one of the Magnalities of Nature, somewhat illustrating the work of the Creation, and vast production from Nothing. The true (c 1.46) Seeds of Cy∣press and Rampions are indistinguishable by old eyes. Of the Seeds of To∣bacco a thousand make not one grain. The disputed Seeds of Harts-tongue and Maiden-hair require a greater number. From such undiscernible Se∣minalities arise spontaneous Productions. He that would discern the ru∣dimentall stroak of a Plant, may behold it in the Original of Duckweed, at the bigness of a pin's point, from convenient water in Glasses; wherein a watchfull eye may also discover the puncticular Originals of Perwincles and Gnats.

That Seeds of some Plants are less then any Animals seems of no clear decision. That the biggest of Vegetables exceedeth the biggest of Animals in full bulk and all dimensions admits exception in the Whale, which in length and above-ground measure will also contend with tall Oaks. That the richest Odour of Plants surpasseth that of Animals may seem of some doubt, since animal-Musk seems to excell the vegetable, and we finde so noble a sent in the Tulip-Fly and (d 1.47) Goat-Beetle.

Now whether seminal Nebs hold any sure proportion unto seminal En∣closures, why the form of the Germ doth not answer the figure of the en∣closing Pulp; why the Neb is seated upon the solid and not the chanell'd side of the Seed, as in Grains; why, since we often meet with two Yolks in one Shell, and sometimes one Egg within another, we do not oftener meet with two Nebs in one distinct Seed; why, since the Eggs of a Hen laid at one course do commonly out-weigh the Bird, and some Moths co∣ming out of their Cases, without assistence of food, will lay so many Eggs as to outweigh their Bodies, Trees rarely bear their Fruit in that gravity or proportion; whether in the germination of Seeds, according to Hippo∣crates, the lighter part ascendeth and maketh the Sprout, the heaviest tending downward frameth the Root, since we observe that the first Shoot of Seeds in water will sink or bow down at the upper and leafing end; whether it be not more rational Epicurism to contrive whole dishes out of the Neb, and spirited particles of Plants, then from the Gallatures and Treddles of Eggs, since that part is found to hold no seminal share in Oval Generati∣on: are Quere's which might enlarge, but must conclude this Digression.

And though not in this Order, yet how Nature delighteth in this Num∣ber, and what consent and coordination there is in the Leaves and parts of

Flowers, it cannot escape our observation in no small number of Plants. For the calicular or supporting and closing Leaves do answer the number of the Flowers, especially in such as exceed not the number of Swallows Eggs; as in Violets, Stitchwort Blossomes: and Flowers of one Leaf have often five divisions, answered by a like number of calicular Leaves; as Gentia∣nella, Convolvulus, Bell-flowers. In many the Flowers, Blades, or sta∣minous Shoots and Leaves are all equally five; as in Cockle, Mullein, and Blattaria, wherein the Flowers before explication are pentagonally wrap∣ped up, with some resemblance of the Blatta or Moth, from whence it hath its name. But the contrivance of Nature is singular in the opening and shut∣ting of Bindeweeds, performed by five inflexures, distinguishable by py∣ramidicall figures and also different colours.

The Rose at first is thought to have been of five Leaves, as it yet grow∣eth wilde among us; but in the most luxuriant the calicular Leaves do still maintain that number. But nothing is more admired then the five Brethren of the Rose, and the strange disposure of the Appendices or Beards in the calicular Leaves thereof; which, in despair of resolution, is tolerably salved from this contrivance, best ordered and suited for the free closure of them before explication. For those two which are smooth and of no Beard are contrived to lie undermost, as without prominent parts, and fit to be smoothly covered; the other two which are beset with Beards on either side stand outward and uncovered; but the fifth or half-bearded Leaf is covered on the bare side, but on the open side stands free, and bearded like the other.

Besides a large number of Leaves have five divisions, and may be cir∣cumscribed by a Pentagon or figure of five Angles, made by right lines from the extremity of their Leaves; as in Maple, Vine, Fig-Tree. But five-leaved Flowers are commonly disposed circularly about the Stylus; according to the higher Geometry of Nature, dividing a Circle by five Radii, which concurre not to make Diameters, as in quadrilateral and sexangular Intersections.

Now the number of Five is remarkable in every Circle, not onely as the first spherical Number, but the measure of spherical Motion. For spherical Bodies move by Fives; and every globular Figure, placed upon a Plane, in direct volutation returns to the first point of Contaction in the first touch, accounting by the Axes of the Diameters or Cardinal Points of the four quarters thereof: and before it arriveth unto the same Point again, it ma∣keth five Circles equal unto it self, in each progress from those quarters absolving an equal Circle.

By the same Number doth Nature divide the Circle of the Sea-star, and in that order and number disposeth those elegant Semi-circles or dental Soc∣kets and Eggs in the Sea-Hedge-hog. And no mean Observation hereof there is in the Mathematicks of the neatest Retiary Spider, which concluding in forty four Circles, from five Semidiameters beginneth that elegant Texture.

And after this manner doth lay the foundation of the circular Branches of the Oak, which being five-cornered in the tender annual Sprouts, and manifesting upon incision the signature of a Star, is after made circular, and swell'd into a round Body. Which practice of Nature is become a point of Art, and makes two Problems in Euclide. But the Briar, which sends* 1.48 forth Shoots and Prickles from its Angles, maintains its pentagonal Fi∣gure, and the unobserved signature of a handsome Porch within it. To omit the five small Buttons dividing the Circle of the Ivy-berry, and the five characters in the Winter-stalk of the Wall-nut, with many other Observables, which cannot escape the eyes of signal Discerners; such as know where to finde Ajax his name in Gallitricum, or Aaron's Mitre in Henbane.

Quincuncial forms and Ordinations are also observable in Animal Fi∣gurations. For to omit the Hyoïdes or Throat-bone of Animals; the Fur∣cula or Merry-thought in Birds, which supporteth the Scapulae, affording a passage for the Winde-pipe and the Gullet; the Wings of Flies, and dis∣posure of their Legs in their first formation from Maggots, and the positi∣on of their Horns, Wings and Legs in their Aurelian Cases and Swad∣ling-clouts: the back of the Cimex arboreus, found often upon Trees and lesser Plants, doth elegantly discover the Burgundian Decussation. And the like is observable in the Belly of the Notonecton or Water-Beetle, which swimmeth on its back; and the handsome Rhombus'es of the Sea∣poult or Werrell, on either side the Spine.

The sexangular Cells in the Honey-combs of Bees are disposed after this Order. Much there is not of wonder in the confused Houses of Pis∣mires, though much in their busie life and actions: more in the edificial Palaces of Bees those Monarchical spirits, who make their Combs six-cor∣ner'd, declining a Circle, whereof many stand not close together, and compleatly fill the Area of the place; but rather affecting a six-sided Figure, whereby every Cell affords a common side unto six more, and also a fit receptacle for the Bee it self, which, gathering into a Cylindrical Figure, aptly enters its sexangular house, more nearly approaching a cir∣cular Figure then either doth the Square or Triangle. And the Combs themselves are so regularly contrived, that their mutual Intersections make three Lozenges at the bottom of every Cell; which severally regarded make three Rows of neat Rhomboîdal Figures, connected at the Angles, and so continue three several Chains throughout the whole Comb.

As for the Favago found commonly on the Sea-shoar, though na∣med from an Honey-comb, it but rudely makes out the resemblance, and better agrees with the round Cells of Humble-bees. He that would ex∣actly discern the shop of a Bee's mouth needs observing eyes, and good augmenting-Glasses, wherein is discoverable one of the neatest pieces in Nature; and must have a more piercing eye then mine, who findes out the shape of Bull's heads in the Guts of Drones pressed out behinde, ac∣cording

* 1.49 to the experiment of Gomesius; wherein notwithstanding there seemeth somewhat which might incline a plain fancy to credulity of simi∣litude.

A resemblance hereof there is in the orderly and rarely-disposed Cells made by Flies and Insects, which we have often found fastened about small Sprigs; and in those cottonary and woolly pillows which sometimes we meet with fastened unto Leaves, there is included an elegant Net-work Texture, out of which come many small Flies. And some resemblance there is of this Order in the Eggs of some Butterflies and Moths, as they stick upon Leaves and other substances; which being dropped from behinde, nor directed by the eye, doth neatly declare how Nature Geometrizeth, and observeth Order in all things.

A like correspondency in Figure is found in the Skins and outward Te∣guments of Animals, whereof a regardable part are beautifull by this Tex∣ture. As the Backs of several Snakes and Serpents, elegantly remarkable in the Aspis and the Dart-snake, in the Chiasmus and larger Decussations upon the Back of the Rattle-snake, and in the close and finer Texture of the Mater formicarum, or Snake that delights in Ant-hils; whereby, upon approach of outward injuries, they can raise a thicker Phalanx on their Backs, and handsomely contrive themselves into all kindes of Flexures: whereas their Bellies are commonly covered with smooth semicircular di∣visions, as best accommodable unto their quick and gliding mo∣tion.

This way is followed by Nature in the peculiar and remarkable Tail of the Bever, wherein the scaly particles are disposed somewhat after this order; which is the plainest resolution of the wonder of Bellonius, while he saith, with incredible Artifice hath Nature framed the Tail or Oar of the Bever. Where by the way we cannot but wish a model of their Houses, so much extolled by some Describers: wherein since they are so bold as to venture upon three Stages, we might examine their Artifice in the Con∣tignations, the rule and order in the Compartitions; or whether that mag∣nified Structure be any more then a rude rectangular Pile or meer Ho∣vel-building.

Thus works the hand of Nature in the feathery Plantation about Birds; observable in the Skins of the* 1.50 Breast, Legs and Pinions of Turkies, Geese and Ducks, and the Oars or finny Feet of Water-Fowl; and such a na∣tural Net as the scaly covering of Fishes, of Mullets, Carps, Tenches, &c. even in such as are excoriable and consist of smaller Scales, as Bretts, Soals, and Flounders. The like Reticulate grain is observable in some Russia Leather. To omit the ruder Figures of the Ostracion, the triangular or Cunny-fish, or the pricks of the Sea-Porcupine.

The same is also observable in some part of the Skin of Man, in Habits of neat Texture, and therefore not unaptly compared unto a Net. We shall not affirm that from such grounds the Aegyptian Embalmers imitated

this Texture: yet in their linen folds the same is still observable among their neatest Mummies, in the Figures of Isis and Osiris, and the Tutelary spirits in the Bembine Table. Nor is it to be overlooked how Orus, the Hieroglyphick of the World, is described in a Net-work covering from the shoulder to the foot. And (not to enlarge upon the cruciated Character of Trismegistus, or handed Crosses so often occurring in the Needles of Pharaoh and Obelisks of Antiquity) the Statuae Isiacae, Teraphims and little Idols found about the Mummies, do make a Decussation or Jacob's Cross with their Armes, like that on the head of Ephraim and Manasses: and this Decussis is also graphically described between them.

This Reticulate or Net-work was also considerable in the inward parts of Man, not onely from the first Subtegmen or Warp of his formation, but in the netty Fibres of the Veins and Vessels of life; wherein, according to common Anatomie, the right and transverse Fibres are decussated by the oblique Fibres, and so must frame a Reticulate and Quincuncial Figure by their Obliquations, emphatically extending that Elegant expression of Scripture, Thou hast curiously embroidered me, thou hast wrought me up after the finest way of Texture, and as it were with a Needle.

Nor is the same observable onely in some Parts, but in the whole Body of Man, which upon the extension of Arms and Legs doth make out a Square, whose Intersection is at the Genitals. To omit the phantastical Quincunx in Plato of the first Hermaphrodite or Double man, united at the Loins, which Jupiter after divided.

A rudimental resemblance hereof there is in the cruciated and rugged folds of the Reticulum or Net-like Ventricle of ruminating horned Ani∣mals, which is the second in order, culinarily called the Honey-comb: for many divisions there are in the Stomack of several Animals. What number they maintain in the Scurus and ruminating Fish, common descri∣ption or our own experiment hath made no discovery. But in the Ven∣tricle of Porpusses there are three divisions; in many Birds a Crop, Giz∣zard, and little Receptacle before it. But in Cornigerous Animals, which chew the Cud, there are no less then four of distinct position and office.

The Reticulum by these crossed Cells makes a farther Digestion in the dry and exsuccous part of the Aliment received from the first Ven∣tricle. For at the bottome of the Gallet there is a double Orifice: What is first received at the Mouth descendeth into the first and greater Stomack, from whence it is returned into the Mouth again; and after a fuller Ma∣stication and salivous mixture, what part thereof descendeth again in a moist and succulent body, it slides down the softer and more permeable Orifice into the Omasus or third Stomack; and from thence conveyed into the fourth, receives its last Digestion. The other dry and exsuccous part, after Rumination by the larger and stronger Orifice, beareth into the first Stomack, from thence into the Reticulum, and so progressively

into the other divisions. And therefore in Calves newly calved there is little or no use of the two first Ventricles, for the milk and liquid ali∣ment slippeth down the softer Orifice into the third Stomack; where ma∣king little or no stay, it passeth into the fourth, the seat of the Coagulum or Runnet, or that division of Stomack which seems to bear the name of the whole in the Greek translation of the Priest's Fee in the Sacrifice of Peace-offerings.

As for those Rhomboidal Figures made by the Cartilagineous parts of the Wezon in the Lungs of great Fishes and other Animals, as Rondeleti∣us discovered, we have not found them so to answer our Figure as to be drawn into illustration. Something we expected in the more discernable texture of the Lungs of Frogs, which notwithstanding being but two cu∣rious Bladders, not weighting above a grain, we found interwoven with Veins, not observing any just order. More orderly situated are those cretaceous and chalky Concretions found sometimes in the bigness of a small Vetch on either side their Spine; which being not agreeable unto our order, nor yet observed by any, we shall not here discourse on.

But had we found a better account and tolerable Anatomy of that pro∣minent Jowl of thee 1.51 Sperma-Ceti-Whale, then questuary operation or the stench of the last cast upon our Shoar permitted; we might have perhaps discovered some handsome order in those Net-like Seats and Sockets, made like Honey-combs, containing that medicall matter.

Lastly, The Incession or Local motion of Animals is made with ana∣logy unto this Figure, by decussative Diametrals, Quincuncial Lines and Angles. For, to omit the enquiry how Butterflies and Breezes move their four Wings, how Birds and Fishes in aire and water move by joynt stroaks of opposite Wings and Fins, and how salient Animals in jumping forward seem to arise and fall upon a square Base; as the Station of most Quadrupedes is made upon a long Square, so in their Motion they make a Rhomboides, their common Progression being performed diametrally by Decussation and cross advancement of their Legs; which not obser∣ved, begot that remarkable absurdity in the position of the Legs of Castor's Horse in the Capitol. The Snake, which moveth circularly, makes his Spires in like order, the convex and concave Spirals answering each o∣ther at alternate distances. In the motion of Man the Arms and Legs observe this thwarting position; but the Legs alone do move Quincunci∣ally by single Angles, with some resemblance of an V, measured by suc∣cessive advancement from each Foot, and the Angle of Indenture great or less, according to the extent or brevity of the Stride.

Studious Observators may discover more Analogies in the orderly Book of Nature, and cannot escape the Elegancy of her hand in other Corre∣spondencies. The Figures of Nails and Crucifying appurtenances are but precariously made out in the Granadilla or Flower of Christ's Passi∣on; and we despair to behold in these parts that handsome draught of Cru∣cifixion

in the fruit of the Barbado Pine. The seminal Spike of Phala∣ris, or great Shaking-grass, more nearly answers the Tail of a Rattle-Snake then many Resemblances in Porta: And if thef 1.52 Man-Orchis of Columna be well made out, it excelleth all Analogies. In young Walnuts cut athwart it is not hard to apprehend strange Characters; and in those of somewhat elder growth, handsome ornamental draughts about a plain Cross. In the Root of Osmond, or Water-fern, every eye may discern the form of a Half-Moon, Rain-bow, or half the Character of Pisces. Some finde Hebrew, Arabick, Greek and Latine Characters in Plants: In a common one among us we seem to reade Acaia, Viviu, Lilil.

Right lines and Circles make out the bulk of Plants: In the parts thereof we finde Helicall or spiral Roundles, Voluta's, conicall Sections, circular Pyramids and Frustums of Archimedes; and cannot over∣look the orderly hand of Nature, in the alternate succession of the flat and narrower sides in the tender Shoots of the Ash, or the regular in∣equality of bigness in the five-leaved Flowers of Henbane, and some∣thing like in the calicular Leaves of Tutsan: How the Spots of Persi∣caria do manifest themselves between the sixth and tenth Rib; how the triangular Cap in the Stem or Stylus of Tulips doth constantly point at three outward Leaves; that spicated Flowers do open first at the Stalk; that white Flowers have yellow Thrums or Knops; that the Nebs of Beans and Pease do all look downward, and so press not upon each other; and how the Seeds of many pappous or downy Flowers lockt up in Sockets, after a Gomphosis or mortis-articulation diffuse themselves circularly in∣to Branches of rare order, observable in Tragopogon or Goat's-beard, con∣formable to the Spider's web, and the Radii in like manner telarly inter∣woven.

And how in Animal natures even Colours hold correspondencies and mutual correlations. That the colour of the Caterpillar will shew again in the Butterfly, with some latitude is allowable. Though the regular Spots in their Wings seem but a mealie adhesion, and such as may be wiped a∣way; yet since they come in this variety out of their Cases, there must be regular Pores in those parts and Membranes defining such Exudations.

Thatg 1.53 Augustus had native Notes on his Body and Belly, after the or∣der and number in the Star of Charles-wain, will not seem strange unto Astral Physiognomy, which accordingly considereth Moles in the Body of Man, or Physicall Observators, who from the position of Moles in the Face, reduce them to rule and correspondency in other Parts. Whether after the like method medicall conjecture may not be raised upon Parts inwardly affected, since parts about the Lips are the criticall seats of Pustules dis∣charged in Agues, and scrophulous Tumours about the Neck do so often speak the like about the Mesentery; may also be considered.

The russet Neck in young Lambs seems but adventitious, and may owe its tincture to some contaction in the Womb: But that if Sheep have

any black or deep Russet in their Faces, they want not the same about their Legs and Feet; that black Hounds have mealy Mouths and Feet; that black Cows, which have any white in their Tails, should not miss of some in their Bellies; and if all white in their Bodies, yet if black-mouth'd, their Ears and Feet maintain the same colour: are correspondent Tinctures not ordinarily failing in Nature, which easily unites the accidents of ex∣tremities, since in some Generations she transmutes the Parts themselves, while in the Aurelian Metamorphosis the Head of the Canker becomes the Tail of the Butterfly. Which is in some way not beyond the contri∣vance of Art, in Submersions and Inlays inverting the extremes of the Plant, and fetching the Root from the Top; and also imitated in hand∣some Columnary work, in the inversion of the extremes, wherein the Ca∣pitle and the Base hold such near correspondency.

In the Motive parts of Animals may be discovered mutual proporti∣ons; not onely in those of Quadrupedes, but in the Thigh-bone, Leg, Foot-bone, and Claws of Birds. The Legs of Spiders are made after a sesquitertian proportion, and the long Legs of some Locusts double un∣to some others. But the internodial parts of Vegetables, or spaces be∣tween the Joynts, are contrived with more uncertainty; though the Joynts themselves in many Plants maintain a regular Number.

In Vegetable Composure the unition of prominent parts seems most to answer the Apophyses or Processes of Animal Bones, whereof they are the produced parts or prominent Explantations. And though in the parts of Plants which are not ordained for Motion we do not expect correspondent Articulations; yet in the setting on of some Flowers and Seeds in their Sockets, and the lineal commissure of the Pulp of several Seeds, may be observed some shadow of the Harmony, some show of the Gomphosis or mortis-articulation.

As for the Diarthrosis or motive Articulation, there is expected little Analogy: though long-stalked Leaves do move by long lines, and have observable Motions; yet are they made by outward impulsion, like the motion of pendulous Bodies, while the parts themselves are united by some kinde of Symphysis unto the Stock.

But standing Vegetables, void of motive Articulations, are not without many Motions. For beside the motion of Vegetation upward, and of Radiation unto all quarters, that of Contraction, Dilatation, Inclination and Contortion, is discoverable in many Plants. To omit the Rose of Jeri∣cho, the ear of Rie which moves with change of weather, and the Magical Spit, made of no rare Plants, which windes before the fire, and rosts the Bird without turning.

Even Animals near the Classis of Plants seem to have the most restless Motions. The Summer-worm of Ponds and Plashes makes a long waving Motion; the Hair-worm seldom lies still. He that would behold a very ano∣malous Motion, may observe it in the tortile and tiring stroaks ofh 1.54 Gnat∣worms.

CHAP. IV.

AS for the Delights, Commodities, Mysteries, with other concern∣ments of this Order, we are unwilling to fly them over in the short deliveries of Virgil, Varro, or others, and shall therefore enlarge with additional ampliations.

By this Position they had a just proportion of Earth to supply an equality of Nourishment; the Distance being ordered, thick or thin, according to the magnitude or vigorous attraction of the Plant, the goodness, leanness, or propriety of the Soil; and therefore the rule of Solon concerning the Territory of Athens not extendible unto all, allowing the distance of six foot unto common Trees, and nine for the Fig and Olive.

They had a due diffusion of their Roots on all or both sides, whereby they maintained some proportion to their height in Trees of large radicati∣on. For that they strictly make good their profundeur or depth unto their height, according to common conceit, and that expression ofa 1.55 Virgil, though confirmable from the Plane-tree in Pliny, and some few examples, is not to be expected from the generation of Trees almost in any kinde, ei∣ther of side-spreading or tap-roots; except we measure them by lateral and opposite diffusions; nor commonly to be found in minor or herby Plants, if we except Sea-holly, Liquorish, Sea-rush, and some others.

They had a commodious radiation in their growth, and a due expan∣sion of their Branches for shadow or delight. For Trees thickly plan∣ted do run up in height and branch with no expansion, shooting unequally, or short and thin, upon the neighbouring side. And therefore Trees are inwardly bare, and spring and leaf from the outward and Sunny side of their Branches.

Whereby they also avoided the perill of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or one Tree pe∣rishing with another, as it happeneth ofttimes from the sick Effluviums or entanglements of Roots, falling foul with each other; observable in Elmes set in Hedges, where if one dieth, the neighbouring Tree prospereth not long after.

In this situation, divided into many intervalls, and open unto six passa∣ges, they had the advantage of a fair perflation from windes, brushing and cleansing their surfaces, relaxing and closing their Pores unto due per∣spiration. For that they afford large Effluviums, perceptible from Odours diffused at great distances, is observable from Onions out of the Earth, which though dry, and kept untill the Spring, as they shoot forth large and many Leaves, do notably abate of their weight: and Mint growing in Glasses of water, untill it arriveth unto the weight of an ounce, in a sha∣dy place, will sometimes exhaust a pound of water.

And as they send forth much, so may they receive somewhat in: For

beside the common way and road of reception by the Root, there may be a refection and imbibition from without; for gentle Showrs refresh Plants, though they enter not their Roots, and the good and bad Efflu∣viums of Vegetables promote or debilitate each other. So Epithymum and Dodder, rootless and out of the ground, maintain themselves upon Thyme, Savory, and Plants whereon they hang. And Ivy divided from the Root, we have observed to live some years by the cirrous parts, commonly con∣ceived but as tenacles and hold-fasts unto it. The Stalks of Mint cropt from the Root stripped from the Leaves, and set in Glasses with the Root∣end upward, and out of the water, we have observed to send forth Sprouts and Leaves without the aid of Roots; and Scordium to grow in like manner, the Leaves set downward in water. To omit severall Sea∣plants, which grow on single Roots from stones, although in very many there are Side-shoots and Fibres beside the fastening Root.

By this open Position they were fairly exposed unto the rays of Moon and Sun, so considerable in the growth of Vegetables. For though Po∣plars, Willows, and severall Trees, be made to grow about the brinks of Acheron and dark habitations of the Dead; though some Plants are con∣tent to grow in obscure Wells, wherein also old Elme-pumps afford some∣times long bushy Sprouts, not observable in any above ground; and large fields of Vegetables are able to maintain their Verdure at the bottome and shady part of the Sea: yet the greatest number are not content without the actual rays of the Sun, but bend, incline, and follow them; as large lifts of Solisequous and Sun-following Plants. And some observe the method of its motion in their own growth and conversion, twining towards the West by the South, as Briony, Hops, Woodbine, and severall kindes of Bindeweed; which we shall more admire, when any can tell us they ob∣serve another Motion and Twist by the North at the Antipodes. The same Plants rooted against an erect North-wall full of holes will finde a way through them to look upon the Sun. And in tender Plants, from Mustard∣seed sown in the Winter, and in a plot of earth placed inwardly against a South-window, the tender Stalks of two Leaves arose not erect, but ben∣ding towards the Window, nor looking much higher then the Meridian Sun. And if the Pot were turned, they would work themselves into their former declinations, making their conversion by the East. That the Leaves of the Olive and some other Trees solstitially turn, and precisely tell us when the Sun is entred Cancer, is scarce expectable in any Climate; and Theophrastus warily observes it: Yet somewhat thereof is observable in our own, in the Leaves of Willows and Sallows, some weeks after the Sol∣stice. But the great Convolvulus or white-flowered Bindweed observes both motions of the Sun; while the Flower twists Aequinoctially from the left hand to the right, according to the Daily revolution, the Stalk twi∣neth Ecliptically, from the right to the left, according to the Annual conversion.

Some commend the exposure of these orders unto the Western gales, as the most generative and fructifying breath of Heaven. But we applaud the Husbandry of Solomon, whereto agreeth the doctrine of Theophrastus, Arise, O North-winde, and blow thou South, upon my Garden, that the Spices thereof may flow out: For the North-winde closing the Pores and shutting up the Effluviums, when the South doth after open and relax them, the Aroma∣tical Gums do drop, and sweet Odours fly actively from them. And if his Garden had the same situation which Maps and Charts afford it, on the East-side of Jerusalem, and having the wall on the West; these were the Winds unto which it was well exposed.

By this way of Plantation they encreased the number of their Trees, which they lost in Quaternio's and Square-orders; which is a commodity insisted on by Varro, and one great intent of Nature, in this position of Flowers and Seeds in the elegant formation of Plants, and the former Rules observed in natural and artificial Figurations.

Whether in this order, and one Tree in some measure breaking the cold and pinching gusts of Winds from the other, Trees will not better main∣tain their inward Circles, and either escape or moderate their excentrici∣ties, may also be considered. For the Circles in Trees are naturally con∣centricall, parallel unto the Bark and unto each other, till Frost and pier∣cing Winds contract and close them on the weather-side, the opposite Se∣micircle widely enlarging, and at a comely distance; which hindereth of∣tentimes the beauty and roundness of Trees, and makes the Timber less serviceable, whiles the ascending Juyce, not readily passing, settles in Knots and Inequalities. And therefore it is no new course of Agriculture, to observe the native position of Trees according to North and South in their Transplantations.

The same is also observable under ground in the Circinations and spheri∣cal rounds of Onions, wherein the Circles of the Orbs are ofttimes lar∣ger, and the Meridional lines stand wider upon one side then the other. And where the largeness will make up the number of planetical Orbs, that of Luna and the lower Planets exceed the dimensions of Saturn and the higher. Whether the like be not verified in the Circles of the large Roots of Briony and Mandrakes, or why in the Knots of Deal or Firre the Circles are often eccentrical, although not in a plane, but vertical and right positi∣on; deserves a farther enquiry.

Whether there be not some irregularity of Roundness in most Plants according to their position; whether some small compression of Pores be not perceptible in parts which stand against the current of waters, as in Reeds, Bull-rushes, and other Vegetables, toward the streaming quarter, may also be observed; and therefore such as are long and weak are com∣monly contrived into a Roundness of Figure, whereby the water presseth less, and slippeth more smoothly from them: and even in Flags or flat∣figured Leaves, the greater part obvert their sharper sides unto the Current in Ditches.

But whether Plants which float upon the surface of the water be for the most part of cooling qualities, those which shoot above it of heating vir∣tues, and why; whether Sargasso for many miles floating upon the Western Ocean, or Sea-Lettuce and Phasganium at the bottome of our Seas, make good the like qualities; why Fenny waters afford the hottest and sweetest Plants, as Calamus, Cyperus, and Crowfoot, and Mud cast out of Ditches most naturally produceth Arse-smart; why Plants so greedy of Water so lit∣tle regard Oil; why, since many Seeds contain much Oil within them, they endure it not well without, either in their growth or production; why, since Seeds shoot commonly under ground and out of the air, those which are let fall in shallow Glasses, upon the surface of the water, will sooner sprout then those at the bottom, and if the water be covered with Oil, those at the bottom will hardly sprout at all; we have not room to conjecture.

Whether Ivy would not less offend the Trees in this clean Ordination and well-kept paths, might perhaps deserve the question. But this were a Quere onely unto some Habitations, and little concerning Cyrns or the Ba∣bylonian Territory, wherein by no industry Harpalus could make Ivy grow; and Alexander hardly found it about those parts to imitate the Pomp of Bacchus. And though in these Northern Regions we are too-much ac∣quainted with one Ivy, we know too little of another; whereby we appre∣hend not the expressions of Antiquity, theb 1.56 Splenetick medicine of Galen, and the Emphasis of the Poet in thec 1.57 beauty of the white Ivy.

The like concerning the growth of Miscletoe, which dependeth not onely of the Species or kinde of Tree, but much also of the Soil; and therefore is common in some places, not readily found in others; frequent in France, not so common in Spain, and scarce at all in the Territory of Ferrara; nor easily to be found where it is most required upon Oaks, less on Trees continually verdant. Although in some places the Olive escapes it not, requiting its detriment in the delightfull view of its read Berries; as Clusius observed in Spain, and Bellonius about Hierusalem. But this Para∣sitical Plant suffers nothing to grow upon it by any way of art, nor could we ever make it grow where Nature had not planted it; as we have in vain attempted by Inoculation and Insition upon its native or forein Stock: and though there seem nothing improbable in the Seed, it hath not suc∣ceeded by Sation in any manner of ground; wherein we had no reason* 1.58 to despair, since we read of vegetable Horns, and how Rams-horns will root about Goa.

But besides these rural Commodities, it cannot be meanly detectable in the variety of Figures which these Orders open and closed do make: whilest every Inclosure makes a Rhombus, the Figures obliquely taken a Rhomboides; the Intervalls bounded with parallel lines, and each Inter∣section built upon a Square, affording two Triangles or Pyramids vertically conjoyned, which in the strict Quincuncial Order do oppositely make acute and blunt Angles.

And though therein we meet not with right Angles, yet every Rhom∣bus containing four Angles equal unto two right, it virtually contains two right in every one. Nor is this strange unto such as observe the natural Lines of Trees, and parts disposed in them. For neither in the Root doth nature affect this Angle, which shooting downward for the stability of the Plant doth best effect the same by Figures of Inclination; nor in the Branches and stalky Leaves, which grow most at acute Angles, as decli∣ning from their Head the Root, and diminishing their Angles with their al∣titude: Verified also in lesser Plants, whereby they better support them∣selves, and bear not so heavily upon the Stalk; so that while near the Root they often make an Angle of seventy parts, the Sprouts near the top will often come short of thirty. Even in the Nerves and Master-veins of the Leaves the acute Angle ruleth; the obtuse is but seldom found, and in the backward part of the Leaf, reflecting and arching about the Stalk. But why ofttimes one side of the Leaf is unequal unto the other, as in Hazell and Oaks; why on either side the Master-vein the lesser and de∣rivative Chanels are not directly opposite, nor at equal Angles re∣spectively unto the adverse side, but those of one part do often exceed the other, as the Wallnut and many more; deserves another enquiry.

Now if for this Order we affect coniferous and tapering Trees, parti∣cularly the Cypress, which grows in a conical Figure, we have found a Tree not onely of great Ornament, but in its Essentials of affinity unto this Order; a solid Rhombus being made by the conversion of two Aequicru∣ral Cones, as Archimedes hath defined. And these were the common Trees about Babylon and the East, whereof the Ark was made; and A∣lexander found no Trees so accommodable to build his Navy. And this we rather think to be the Tree mentioned in the Canticles, which stricter Botanology will hardly allow to be Camphire.

And if Delight or ornamental view invite a comely Disposure by cir∣cular Amputations, as is elegantly performed in Haw-thorns, then will they answer the Figures made by the conversion of Rhombus, which maketh two concentrical Circles; the greater Circumference being made by the lesser Angles, the lesser by the greater.

The Cylindrical Figure of Trees is virtually contained and latent in this Order: a Cylinder, or long Round, being made by the conversion or turning of a Parallelogram, and most handsomely by a long Square, which makes an equal, strong and lasting Figure in Trees, agreeable unto the Body and motive parts of Animals, the greatest number of Plants, and almost all Roots, though their Stalks be angular, and of many Corners, which seem not to follow the Figure of their Seeds; since many angular Seeds send forth round Stalks, and spherical Seeds arise from angular Spindles, and many rather conform unto their Roots, as the round Stalks of bulbous Roots, and in tuberous Roots Stemms of like figure. But why, since the largest number of Plants maintain a circular Figure, there are so few

with teretous or long-round Leaves; why coniferous Trees are tenui∣folious or narrow-leafed; why Plants of few or no Joynts have common∣ly round Stalks; why the greatest number of hollow Stalks are round Stalks; or why in this variety of angular Stalks the quadrangular most exceedeth; were too long a speculation. Meanwhile obvious experience may finde, that in Plants of divided Leaves above, Nature often begin∣neth circularly in the two first Leaves below; while in the singular Plant of Ivy she exerciseth a contrary Geometry, and beginning with angular Leaves below, rounds them in the upper Branches.

Nor can the Rows in this Order want delight, as carrying an aspect an∣swerable unto the dipteros hypaethra, or double order of Columns open above; the opposite Ranks of Trees standing like Pillars in the Cavedia of the Courts of famous Buildings, and Portico's of the Templa subdialia of old; somewhat imitating the Peristylia or Cloister-buildings, and the Exedrae of the Ancients, wherein men discoursed, walked and exercised. For that they derived the rule of Columns from Trees, especially in their proportional diminutions, is illustrated by Vitruvius from the Shafts of Firre and Pine. And though the Inter-arboration do imitate the Araeo∣stylos, or thin order, not strictly answering the proportion of Intercolum∣niations; yet in many Trees they will not exceed the intermission of the Columns in the Court of the Tabernacle, which being an hundred cubits long, and made up by twenty Pillars, will afford no less then Intervalls of five cubits.

Beside, in this kinde of Aspect the Sight being not diffused, but circum∣scribed between long Parallels and the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and adumbration from the Branches, it frameth a Penthouse over the Eye, and maketh a quiet vision: and therefore in diffused and open Aspects men hollow their Hand above their Eye, and make an artificial Brow, whereby they direct the dispersed rays of Sight, and by this shade preserve a moderate light in the chamber of the Eye, keeping the Pupilla plump and fair, and not con∣tracted or shrunk as in light and vagrant vision.

And therefore Providence hath arched and paved the great House of the World with Colours of Mediocrity, that is, blew and green, a∣bove and below the Sight, moderately terminating the Acies of the Eye. For most Plants, though green above-ground, maintain their original white below it, according to the candour of their seminal Pulp, and the ru∣dimental Leaves do first appear in that colour; observable in Seeds sprout∣ing in water upon their first Foliation. Green seeming to be the first su∣pervenient or above-ground complexion of Vegetables, separable in ma∣ny upon ligature or inhumation, as Succory, Endive, Artichoaks; and which is also lost upon fading in the Autumn.

And this is also agreeable unto Water it self, the alimental Vehicle of Plants, which first altereth into this Colour, and containing many vege∣table Seminalities, revealeth their Seeds by Greenness; and therefore

soonest expected in rain or standing Water, not easily found in distilled or Water strongly boiled, wherein the Seeds are extinguished by Fire and Decoction, and therefore last long and pure without such alteration, affor∣ding neither uliginous Coats, Gnat-worms, Acari, Hair-worms, like crude and common water: and therefore that is most fit for wholesome Beverage, and with Malt makes Ale and Beer without boiling. What large Water-drinkers some Plants are, the Canary-tree and Birches in some Northern Countries, drenching the fields about them, do sufficiently de∣monstrate. How Water it self is able to maintain the growth of Vegeta∣bles, and without extinction of their generative or medicall virtues, be∣side the experiment of Helmont's Tree, we have found in some which have lived six years in Glasses. The Seeds of Scurvy-grass growing in Water-pots have been fruitfull in the Land; and Asarum after a year's space, and once casting its Leaves in water, in the second Leaves hath handsomely performed its vomiting operation.

Nor are onely dark and green Colours, but Shades and Shadows contri∣ved through the great Volume of Nature, and Trees ordained not onely to protect and shadow others, but by their Shades and shadowing parts to preserve and cherish themselves; the whole Radiation or Branchings shadowing the Stock and the Root, the Leaves, the Branches and Fruit, too much exposed to the Winds and scorching Sun. The calicular Leaves inclose the tender Flowers, and the Flowers themselves lie wrapt about the Seeds in their rudiment and first formations, which being advanced the Flowers fall away, and are therefore contrived in variety of Figures best satisfying the intention; handsomely observable in hooded and gaping Flowers, and the Butterfly-blooms of leguminous Plants, the lower Leaf closely involving the rudimental Cod, and the alary or wingy divisions em∣bracing or hanging over it.

But Seeds themselves do lie in perpetual Shades, either under the Leaf, or shut up in Coverings; and such as lie barest have their Husks, Skins and Pulps about them, wherein the Neb and generative particle lieth moist and secured from the injury of Air and Sun. Darkness and Light hold in∣terchangeable dominions, and alternately rule the Seminal state of things. Light untod 1.59 Pluto is Darkness unto Jupiter. Legions of seminal Idea's lie in their second Chaos and Orcus of Hippocrates; till, putting on the habits of their Forms, they shew themselves upon the stage of the world and open dominion of Jove. They that held the Stars of Heaven were but Rays and flashing glimpses of the Empyreal Light, through holes and per∣forations of the upper Heaven, took off the natural Shadows of Stars; while, according toe 1.60 better discovery, the poor Inhabitants of the Moon have but a Polary life, and must pass half their days in the shadow of that Luminary.

Light, that makes things seen, makes some things invisible. Were it not for Darkness and the Shadow of the Earth, the noblest part of the Creation

had remained unseen, and the Stars in Heaven as invisible as on the fourth day, when they were created above the Horizon with the Sun, or there was not an Eye to behold them. The greatest Mystery of Religion is ex∣pressed by Adumbration, and in the noblest parts of Jewish Types we finde the Cherubims shadowing the Mercy-seat: Life it self is but the Shadow of Death, and Souls departed but the Shadows of the living: all things fall under this name. The Sun it self is but the dark Simulachrum, and Light but the Shadow of God.

Lastly, It is no wonder that this Quincunciall Order was first and still affected as gratefull unto the Eye; for all things are seen Quincuncially: For at the Eye the Pyramidall Rays from the Object receive a Decussation, and so strike a second Base upon the Retina or hinder Coat, the proper or∣gan of Vision, wherein the Pictures from Objects are represented, answe∣rable to the Paper or Wall in the dark Chamber, after the Decussation of the Rays at the hole of the Horny Coat; and their Refraction upon the Crystalline Humour answering the Foramen of the Window, and the Con∣vex or Burning-glasses which refract the Rays that enter it. And if anci∣ent Anatomy would hold, a like disposure there was of the Optick or Vi∣sual Nerves in the Brain, wherein Antiquity conceived a concurrence by Decussation. And this is not onely observable in the Laws of direct Visi∣on, but in some part also verified in the reflected Rays of sight. For ma∣king the Angle of Incidence equal to that of Reflexion, the Visual ray re∣turneth Quincuncially, and after the form of an V; and the line of Re∣flexion being continued unto the place of Vision, there ariseth a Semi-de∣cussation, which makes the Object seen in a perpendicular unto it self, and as far below the reflectent as it is from it above; observable in the Sun and Moon beheld in water.

And this is also the Law of Reflexion in moved Bodies and Sounds, which, though not made by Decussation, observe the rule of equality be∣tween Incidence and Reflexion, whereby whispering places are framed by Ellipticall Arches laid side-wise; where the voice being delivered at the Focus of one extremity, observing an equality unto the Angle of Incidence, it will reflect unto the Focus of the other end, and so escape the Ears of the standers in the middle.

A like rule is observed in the Reflexion of the vocal and sonorous line in Echoes, which cannot therefore be heard in all stations: but happening in Woody plantations by Waters, and able to return some words, if reach'd by a pleasant and well-dividing voice, there may be heard the softest Notes in nature.

And this is not onely verified in the way of Sense, but in animal and in∣tellectual receptions; things entring upon the Intellect by a Pyramid from without, and thence into the Memory by another from within, the common Decussation being in the Understanding, as is delivered byf 1.61 Bo∣villus. Whether the intellectual and phantasticall lines be not thus rightly

disposed, but magnified, diminished, distorted, and ill-placed in the Mathe∣maticks of some Brains, whereby they have irregular apprehensions of things, perverted Notions, Conceptions, and incurable Hallucinations, were no unpleasant speculation.

And if Aegyptian Philosophy may obtain, the Scale of Influences was thus disposed, and the genial Spirits of both Worlds do trace their way in ascending and descending Pyramids, mystically apprehended in the Let∣ter X, and the open Bill and straddling Legs of a Stork, which was imitated by that Character.

Of this Figure Plato made choice to illustrate the Motion of the Soul both of the World and Man; while he delivered that God divided the whole Conjunction length-wise, according to the Figure of a Greek x, and then turning it about reflected it into a Circle: by the Circle imply∣ing the uniform Motion of the first Orb, and by the Right lines, the plane∣tical and various Motions within it. And this also with application unto the Soul of man, which hath a double aspect, one right, whereby it behol∣deth the Body and Objects without; another circular and reciprocal, whereby it beholdeth it self. The Circle declaring the Motion of the in∣divisible Soul, simple, according to the divinity of its nature, and returning into it self; the Right lines respecting the Motion pertaining unto Sense and Vegetation; and the central Decussation, the wondrous connexion of the severall Faculties conjointly in one Substance. And so he conjoyned the Unity and Duality of the Soul, and made out the three Substances so much considered by him; that is, the indivisible or Divine, the divisible or Corporeal, and that third was the Systasis or Harmony of those two in the mystical Decussation.

And if that were clearly made out which Justin Martyr took for gran∣ted, this Figure hath had the honour to characterize and notifie our Blessed Saviour, as he delivereth in that borrowed expression from Plato, Decussa∣vit eum in universo: the hint whereof he would have Plato derive from the Figure of the Brazen Serpent, and to have mistaken the Letter X for T; whereas it is not improbable he learned these and other mystical expressi∣ons in his learned Observations of Aegypt, where he might obviously be∣hold the Mercurial Characters, the handed Crosses, and other Mysteries not throughly understood in the sacred Letter X, which being derivative from the Stork, one of the ten sacred Animals, might be originally Aegy∣ptian, and brought into Greece by Cadmus of that Country.

CHAP. V.

TO inlarge this Centemplation unto all the Mysteries and Secrets accommodable unto this Number, were inexcusable Pythagorism; yet I cannot omit the ancient conceit of Five surnamed the number ofa 1.62 Justice, as justly dividing between the Digits, and hanging in the Centre of Nine, described by Square numeration, which angularly di∣vided will make the decussated Number; and so agreeable unto the Quincuncial Ordination, and Rows divided by Equality and just de∣corum in the whole Complantation; and might be the Original of that common Game among us, wherein the fifth place is Sovereign, and carrieth the chief intention: the Ancients wisely instructing youth, even in their Recreations, unto Vertue, that is, early to drive at the middle Point and Central Seat of Justice.

Nor can we omit how agreeable unto this Number an handsome divisi∣on is made in Trees and Plants, since Plutarch and the Ancients have na∣med it the Divisive number, justly dividing the Entities of the world, ma∣ny remarkable things in it, and also comprehending theb 1.63 general di∣vision of Vegetables. And he that considers how most Blossoms of Trees, and the greatest number of Flowers, consist of five Leaves, and there∣in doth rest the settled Rule of Nature, so that in those which exceed there is often found, or easily made, a variety; may readily discover how Na∣ture rests in this number, which is indeed the first Rest and panse of Nu∣meration in the Fingers, the natural Organs thereof. Nor in the division of the Feet of perfect Animals doth nature exceed this account. And even in the Joynts of Feet, which in Birds are most multiplied, it sur∣passeth not this Number; so progressionally making them out in many, that from five in the Fore-claw she descendeth unto two in the hindemost; and so in four Feet makes up the number of Joynts in the five Fingers or Toes of Man.

Not to omit the quintuple Section of a* 1.64 Cone, of handsome practice in ornamental Garden-plots, and in some way discoverable in so many works of Nature; in the Leaves, Fruits and Seeds of Vegetables, and Scales of some Fishes, so much considerable in Glasses and the Optick doctrine, wherein the learned may consider the Crystalline Humour of the Eye in the Cuttle-fish and Loligo.

He that forgets not how Antiquity named this the Conjugal or wedding Number, and made it the Embleme of the most remarkable Conjunction, will conceive it duly appliable unto this handsome Oeconomy and Ve∣getable Combination; and may hence apprehend the Allegoricall sense of that obscure expression ofc 1.65 Hesiod, and afford no improbable reason

why Plato admitted his Nuptial-Guests by Fives in the Kindred of thed 1.66 married couple.

And though a sharper Mystery might be implied in the Number of the Five wise and foolish Virgins which were to meet the Bridegroom; yet was the same agreeable unto the Conjugal Number, which ancient Numerists made out by two and three, the first parity and imparity, the active and passive Digits, the material and formal principles in generative Societies; and not discordant even from the Customs of the Romans, who admitted bute 1.67 five Torches in their Nuptial Solemnities. Whether there were any Mystery or not implied, the most generative Animals were created on this day, and had accordingly the largest Benediction. And under a Quintuple consideration wanton Antiquity considered the circumstances of Generation, while by this number of Five they natu∣rally divided the Nectar of the fifth Planet.

The same Number in the Hebrew Mysteries and Cabalisticall Accounts was thef 1.68 Character of Generation, declared by the Letter He, the fifth in their Alphabet; according to that Cabalistical Dogma, If Abram had not had this Letter added unto his Name, he had remained fruitless, and without the power of Generation: not onely because hereby the number of his Name attained two hundred fourty eight, the number of the affir∣mative Precepts; but because as in created Natures there is a Male and Fe∣male, so in Divine and intelligent productions the Mother of Life and Fountain of Souls in Cabalisticall Technology is called Binah, whose Seal and Character was He. So that being steril before, he received the power of Generation from that measure and mansion in the Archetype, and was made conformable unto Binah. And upon such involved considerations theg 1.69 Ten of Sarai was exchanged into Five. If any shall look upon this as a stable number, and fitly appropriable unto Trees, as Bodies of Rest and Station, he hath herein a great Foundation in Nature, who, observing much variety in Legs and motive Organs of Animals, as two, four, six, eight, twelve, fourteen, and more, hath passed over five and ten, and assigned them unto none, or very few, as the Phalangium monstrosum Brasilianum Clusii, & Jac. de Laet Cur. poster. Americae Descript. if perfectly described. And for the Stability of this Number, he shall not want the Sphericity of its nature, which multiplied in it self will re∣turn into its own denomination, and bring up the rear of the account. Which is also one of the Numbers that makes up the Mysticall Name of God, which consisting of Letters denoting all the sphericall Num∣bers, ten, five, and six, emphatically sets forth the Notion of Trismegistus, and that intelligible Sphear which is the Nature of God.

Many Expressions by this Number occurr in holy Scripture, per∣haps unjustly laden with Mysticall Expositions, and little concerning our Order. That the Israelites were forbidden to eat the fruit of their

new-planted Trees before the fifth year, was very agreeable unto the na∣tural Rules of Husbandry; Fruits being unwholesome and lash before the fourth or fifth year. In the second day, or Feminine part of five, there was added no approbation: For in the third, or Masculine day, the same is twice repeated; and a double Benediction inclosed both Crea∣tions, whereof the one in some part was but an accomplishment of the other. That the Trespasser was to pay a fifth part above the head or principal, makes no secret in this Number, and implied no more then one part above the principal; which being considered in four parts, the additional forfeit must bear the name of a fifth. The five golden Mice had plainly their determination from the number of the Princes. That five should put to flight an hundred might have nothing mystically implied, considering a rank of Souldiers could scarce consist of a lesser number. Saint Paul had rather speak five words in a known then ten thousand in an unknown tongue; that is, as little as could well be spoken; a simple Pro∣position consisting of three words, and a complexed one not ordinarily short of five.

More considerable things there are in this mysticall account, which we must not insist on. And therefore why the radicall Letters in the Pen∣tateuch should equal the number of the Souldiery of the Tribes; why our Saviour in the Wilderness fed five thousand persons with five Barley Loaves, and again, but four thousand with no less then seven of Wheat; why Joseph designed five changes of Rayment unto Benjamin, and David took just five Pebbles out of the Brook against the Pagan Champion;* 1.70 we leave it unto Arithmeticall Divinity, and Theological explanation.

Yet if any delight in new Problems, or think it worth the enquiry, whether the Physician hath rightly hit the nominal notation of Quin∣que; why the Ancients mixed five or three, but not four parts of Water, unto their Wine, and Hippocrates observed a fifth proportion in the mix∣ture of Water with Milk, as in Dysenteries and Bloudy-fluxes; under what abstruse foundation Astrologers do figure the good or bad Fate from our Children inh 1.71 Good Fortune, or the fifth House of their Celestial Schemes; whether the Aegyptians described a Star by a Figure of five Points with reference unto thei 1.72 five capital Aspects whereby they trans∣mit their Influences, or abstruser Considerations; why the Cabalisticall Doctours, who conceive the whole Sephiroth or divine Emanations to have guided the ten-stringed Harp of David, whereby he pacified the evil spirit of Saul, in strict numeration do begin with the Perihypate Meson, or F fa ut, and so place the Tiphereth, answering C sol fa ut, upon the fifth String; or whether this Number be oftner applied unto bad things and ends then good in holy Scripture, and why; He may meet with Abstrusi∣ties of no ready resolution.

If any shall question the rationality of that Magick in the cure of the Blinde man by Serapis, commanded to place five Fingers on his Altar, and

then his Hand on his Eyes; why, since the whole Comedy is primarily and naturally comprised ink 1.73 four parts, and Antiquity permitted not so many persons to speak in one Scene, yet would not comprehend the same in more or less then five Acts; why amongst Sea-stars Nature chiefly de∣lighteth in five Points; and since there are found some of no fewer then twelve, and some of seven and nine, there are few or none discovered of six or eight: If any shall enquire why the Flowers of Rue properly con∣sist of four Leaves, the first and third Flower have five; why, since many Flowers have one Leaf, orl 1.74 none, as Scaliger will have it, divers three, and the greatest number consist of five divided from their bottoms, there are yet so few of two; or why Nature generally beginning or setting out with two opposite Leaves at the Root, doth so seldome conclude with that order and number at the Flower: He shall not pass his hours in vulgar Speculations.

If any shall farther Querie why magneticall Philosophy excludeth Decus∣sations, and Needles transversly placed do naturally distract their Vertici∣ties; why Geomancers do imitate the Quintuple Figure in their Mother-Characters of Acquisition and Amission, &c. somewhat answering the Fi∣gures in the Lady or speckled Beetle; with what Equity Chiromanticall conjecturers decry these Decussations in the Lines and Mounts of the Hand; what that decussated Figure intendeth in the Medall of Alexander the Great; why the Goddesses sit commonly cross-legged in ancient Draughts, since Juno is described in the same as a veneficall posture to hinder the birth of Hercules: If any shall doubt why at the Amphidro∣micall Feasts, on the fifth day after the Childe was born, Presents were sent from Friends of Polypusses and Cuttle-fishes; why five must be onely left in that Symbolicall Mutiny among the men of Cadmus; why Proteus in Homer, the Symbol of the first Matter, before he settled him∣self in the midst of his Sea-Monsters, doth place them out by fives; why the fifth year's Oxe was acceptable Sacrifice unto Jupiter; or why the noble Antoninus in some sense doth call the Soul it self a Rhombus: He shall not fall on trite or trivial Disquisitions. And these we invent and propose unto acuter Enquirers, nauseating Crambe-verities and Questions over∣queried. Flat and flexible Truths are beat out by every Hammer; but Vulcan and his whole Forge sweat to work out Achilles his Armour. A large field is yet left unto sharper Discerners to enlarge upon this Or∣der, to search out the Quaternio's and figured Draughts of this nature, and, moderating the study of Names and mere Nomenclature of Plants, to e∣rect Generalities, disclose unobserved Proprieties, not onely in the Ve∣getable Shop, but the whole Volume of Nature, affording delightful Truths, confirmable by Sense and ocular Observation, which seems to me the su∣rest path to trace the Labyrinth of Truth. For though discursive Enquiry and rational Conjecture may leave handsome gashes and flesh-wounds; yet without conjunction of this expect no mortal or dispatching blows unto Er∣rour.

But them 1.75 Quincunx of Heaven runs low, and 'tis time to close the five Ports of Knowledge: We are unwilling to spin out our awaking thoughts into the Phantasms of Sleep, which often continueth Precogita∣tions, making Cables of Cobwebs, and Wildernesses of handsome Groves. Besiden 1.76 Hippocrates hath spoke so little, and theo 1.77 Oneirocritical Ma∣sters have left such frigid Interpretations from Plants, that there is little encouragement to dream of Paradise it self. Nor will the sweetest de∣light of Gardens afford much comfort in Sleep, wherein the dulness of that Sense shakes hands with delectable Odours; and though in thep 1.78 Bed of Cleopatra, can hardly with any delight raise up the ghost of a Rose.

Night, which Pagan Theology could make the Daughter of Chaos, af∣fords no advantage to the description of Order; although no lower then that Mass can we derive its Genealogy. All things began in Order, so shall they end, and so shall they begin again; according to the Ordainer of Or∣der and mystical Mathematicks of the City of Heaven.

Though Somnus in Homer be sent to rouze up Agamemnon, I finde no such effects in these drowsie approaches of Sleep. To keep our eyes open longer were but to act our Antipodes. The Huntsmen are up in America, and they are already past their first sleep in Persia. But who can be drow∣sie at that hour which freed us from everlasting Sleep? or have slumbring thoughts at that time when Sleep it self must end, and, as some conjecture, all shall awake again?

FINIS.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Plato in Ti∣maeo.
• b 1.2

  Fronde tegi sylvas.
• c 1.3

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in opening the Flesh; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in taking out the Rib; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in closing up the part a∣gain.
• d 1.4

  For some there is from the ambigu∣ity of the word Mikke∣dem, whether ab oriente, or à principio.
• e 1.5

  Josephus.
• f 1.6

  Sushan in Susiana. Plutarch in the life of Artaxerxes.
• g 1.7

  Xenophon in Oeconomico, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• h 1.8

  Cicero in Cat. major.
• i 1.9

  Benedict. Curtius de Horti••. Bapt. Port. in vi. la.
• k 1.10

  Of Marius, Alexander. Roma Sotter∣ranea.
• l 1.11

  Wherein the lower part is somewhat longer, as de∣fined by Up∣ton, De studio militari, and Johannes de Bado Aureo, cum Comment. clariss. & doctiss. Bissaei.
• m 1.12

  Casal. de Ritibus. Bosio nel••a Trio••fante Croce.
• n 1.13

  Decussatio ipsa jucundum ac peramoe∣num conspe∣ctum praebuit. Curt. Hort. l. 6.
• o 1.14

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Phavorinus. Philoxenus.
• p 1.15

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Polit. 7.
• q 1.16

  Indulge or∣dinibus; nec secins omnis in unguem, Ar∣boribus positis, secto via limi∣te quadret. Georg. 2.
• * 1.17

  Eccles. 2.
• r 1.18

  Vet. Testa∣menti Pha∣rus.
• s 1.19

  Which King Numa set up with his Fingers so disposed, that they nu∣merically de∣noted 365. Pliny.
• a 1.20

  Of a Stru∣cture five parts, Funda∣mentum, Parietes, Aperturae, Compartitio, Tectum, Leo Alberti: Five Columns, Tuscan, Dorick, Ionick, Coriathian, Compound: Five different Intercolumniations, Pycnostylos, Diastylos, Systylos, Araeostylos, En∣stylos. Vitruv.
• b 1.21

  Utì constat ex pergamena apud Chiffler. in B. R. Bru∣rellis, & Icon. Fam. Stradae.
• c 1.22

  Ariston Me∣chan. quaest.
• * 1.23

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• d 1.24

  Cant. 2. 9.
• * 1.25

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.26

  De Armis scaccatis, ma∣sculatis, inve∣ctis, fuselatis, vide Spelm. Aspilog. & Upton. cum crudit. Bissaeo.
• * 1.27

  As in the contention between Mi∣nerva and A∣rachne.
• e 1.28

  In Eusta∣thius.
• * 1.29

  Plato.
• f 1.30

  In the dis∣posure of the Legions in the Wars of the Repub∣lick, before the division of the Legi∣on into ten Cohorts by the Empe∣rours. Sal∣mas. in his E∣pistle a Mon∣sieur de Pei∣resc, de Re mi∣litari Roma∣norum.
• g 1.31

  Polybius. Appianus.
• h 1.32

  Agathias▪ Ammianus.
• i 1.33

  Aelian. Tact.
• k 1.34

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• l 1.35

  Secto via li∣mite quadret▪ Comment. in Virg.
• m 1.36

  Diod. Sic.
• n 1.37

  Antonio Agostino detle Me∣daglie.
• o 1.38

  Aristot. Mcchan.
• p 1.39

  Plut. in vita Thes.
• * 1.40

  Capitula squamata Querc. Bau∣hini, whereof though he saith perraro reperiuntur, his tantùm invenimus, yet we finde them com∣monly with us, and in great num∣bers.
• * 1.41

  Anthol. Graec. inter Epi∣grammata 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Especially the Porus cer∣vinus Impera∣ti, Sporosa, Al∣ga 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Bauhini.
• a 1.42

  Jer. 2. 22.
• b 1.43

  Stratiotes.
• * 1.44

  In met, cum Cabeo.
• * 1.45

  Schoneveldus de Pisc.
• c 1.46

  Doctissim. Laurenburg. Hort.
• d 1.47

  The long and tender green Capri∣cornus, rarely found: we could never meet with but two.
• * 1.48

  Elem. li. 4▪
• * 1.49

  Gom. de. Sale.
• * 1.50

  Elegantly conspicuous on the inside of the strip∣ped Skins of Dive-Fowl, of the Cor∣morant, Gos∣honder, Wea∣sell, Loon, &c.
• e 1.51

  1652. de∣scribed in our Pseudo-Epidem. E∣dit. 3.
• f 1.52

  Orchis An∣thropophora Fabii Co∣lumnae.
• g 1.53

  Suet. in vit. Aug.
• h 1.54

  Found often in some form of red Mag∣got in the standing wa∣ters of Ci∣sterns in the Summer.
• a 1.55

  Quantum vertice ad au∣ras Aethere∣as, tantum ra∣dice ad tarta∣ra tendit.
• b 1.56

  Galen. de med. secun∣dùm loc.
• c 1.57

  Heder â for∣mosior albâ.
• * 1.58

  Linschoten.
• d 1.59

  Lux Orco, Tenebrae Jo∣vi; Tenebrae Orco, Lux Jovi. Hippocr. de Diaet. l.
• e 1.60

  Hevelii Se∣lenographia.
• f 1.61

  Car. Bovil∣lus de Intelle∣ctn.
• a 1.62

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. . . . . .
• b 1.63

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Arbor, Fru∣tex, Suffru∣tex, Herba, and that fifth which com∣prehendeth the Fungi and Tubera, whe∣ther to be na∣med 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, comprehend∣ing also Con∣serva marina salsa, and Sea-corals of so many yards length.
• * 1.64

  Elleipsis, Parabola, Hyperbole, Circubus, Triangulum.
• c 1.65

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, id est, nuptias multas Rhodig.
• d 1.66

  Plato de Leg. 6.
• e 1.67

  Plutarch. Problem. Rom. 1.
• f 1.68

  Archang. dog. Cabal.
• g 1.69

  Jod into He.
• * 1.70

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, four and one, or five. Scalig.
• h 1.71

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or bona fortuna, the name of the fifth House.
• i 1.72

  Conjunct, Opposite, Sextile, Tri∣gonal, Tetra∣gonal.
• k 1.73

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• l 1.74

  Unisolium, nullifolium.
• m 1.75

  Hyades near the Ho∣rizon about midnight at that time.
• n 1.76

  De Insom∣niis.
• o 1.77

  Artemido∣rus and Apo∣mazar.
• p 1.78

  Strewed with Roses.