Of his Acts done after he was Crowned.

THe Acts of this King after he was Crowned, may not unfitly be divided into five parts: His Acts with his Temporall Lords; His Acts with his Clergy; Then with Wales; Then his Acts with Scotland; And lastly with France. And first, concerning his Lords, he gave them good contentment in the beginning of his Raigne, by enlarging their liberties, and granting them easier Lawes, for which purpose he called a Parliament, wherein were made the Statutes called of Westmin∣ster the first, so as he had no difference with them, till toward the end of his Raigne, as shall be shewed hereafter. In the next place, concerning his Acts with his Cler∣gy, he began with them betimes; for having lived to be of good age, three or foure and thirty yeares old, in his Fathers Raigne, he observed in that time, that their power was too predominant, and therefore thought fit to clip their wings; at least to keepe them from farther growing: which he did by these meanes: First, in the sixth yeare of his Raigne, he deprived many chiefe Monasteries of their Li∣berties, and tooke from the Abbot and Covent of Westminster, the Returne of Page  129 Writs granted them by the Charter of his Father, King Henry the third. The next yeare after he got to be enacted the Statute of Mortmaine, to hinder the encrease of their Temporall Possessions. In the second Statute of Westminster, he defalked the Jurisdiction of Ecclesiasticall Judges; and growing more upon them, he re∣quired the moity of all their Goods, as well Temporall as Spirituall, for one yeare. Then cals he a Parliament of his Nobles at Salisbury, without admission of any Church-men in it: And it is worth the noting, that Marchian his Trea∣surer, acquainting him that in Churches and Religious houses, there was much treasure to be had, if it might be taken; he made no scruple of it, but caused it to be taken and brought into his Exchequer. But finding his Prelates not well con∣tented with it, to please them againe, he bids them aske something of him, where∣in they should see how much he favoured them. And they asking of him to re∣peale the Statute of Mortmaine, that had beene made so much to their hinderance; He answered, that this was a Statute made by the whole body of the Realme, and therefore was not in his power, who was but one Member of that Body, to undoe that which all the Members together had done; and perhaps whatsoever they should have asked else, he would have had an answer to redeeme his Offer. And thus much concerning his Clergy.

In the next place are the Welsh, who had themselves begun with the King: For their Prince Leolyn being summoned to attend at his Coronation, refused to come; and afterward at more leisure, being required to come and doe his Homage, he stood upon termes of safe conduct, pretending doubt to be used, as his Father Gryf∣fin had beene; who upon hard usage in the Tower, seeking to make escape, fell from the Walls and brake his necke. But indeed it was alwayes a Custome with this Nation, at every change of Princes in England, to try conclusions, hoping at one time or other to have a day of it, and to change their yoke of bondage into li∣berty; for which they were never better Provided then now; especially (which is the greatest matter in Warre) having a Valiant Prince to be their Leader. But there happened an accident which tooke off their edge at this time: For the Lady Eleanor, a Daughter of the late Earle Simon Montford, whom Prince Leolyn ex∣treamely loved, being passing out of France into Wales, was by the way upon the Sea taken by English ships, and brought to King Edward, and for the love of her, Prince Leolyn was content to submit himselfe to any conditions: which besides subjection of his State, was to pay fifty thousand pounds Sterling, and a thousand pounds per annum during his life; and upon these conditions the marriage with his beloved Lady was granted him, and was solemnized here in England, whereat the King and Queene were themselves present. Three yeares Leolyn continued loyall, and within bounds of obedience, in which time David, one of his Brothers, stay∣ing here in England, and found by the King to be of a stirring Spirit, was much ho∣noured by him; Knighted, and matched to a rich Widow, Daughter of the Earle of Darby, and had given him by the King besides, the Castle of Denbigh, with a thousand pounds per annum: though (as it was afterwards found) he lived here but in the nature of a spy: For when Prince Leolyns Lady was afterward dead, and that he (contrary to his Conditions formerly made) brake out into rebellion, then goes his Brother David to him, notwithstanding all these Favours of the King: and they together enter the English Borders: Surprise the Castles of Flynt and Rut∣land, with the person of the Lord Clifford, sent Justiciar into those parts: and in a great Battaile overthrew the Earles of Northumberland and Surrey, with the slaugh∣ter of Sir William Lyndsey, Sir Richard Tanny, and many others. King Edward ad∣vertised of this Revolt and overthrow, being then at the Vyzes in Wiltshire, pre∣pares an Army to represse it; but before his setting forth, goes privately to his Mo∣ther Queene Eleanor, lying at the Nunnery of Aimesbury, with whom whilest he conferred, there was one brought into the Chamber, who faigned himselfe (be∣ing blinde) to have received his sight at the Tombe of King Henry the third: A•∣soone as the King saw the man, he remembred he had seene him before, and knew him to be a most notorious lying Villaine, and wished his Mother in no case to be∣leeve Page  130 him: but his mother, who much rejoyced to heare of this Miracle, for the glory of her husband, finding her sonne unwilling that his Father should be a Saint, grew suddenly into such a rage against him, that she commanded him to avoid her Chamber: which the King obeyes; and going forth, meetes with a Clergy man, to whom he tels the story of this Impostour, and merrily said; He knew the justice of his Father to be such, that he would rather pull out the eyes (being whole) of such a wicked wretch, then restore them to their sight. In this meane time the Arch-bishop of Canterbury had gone of himselfe to Prince Leolin, and had labou∣red to bring him and his brother David to a re-submission, but could effect nothing; for besides other reasons that swayed Prince Leolin, the conceit of a Prophesie of Merlin, that he should shortly be Crowned with the Diadem of Brute, so over∣weighed him, that he had no care for peace, and shortly after no head: for after the Earle of Pembroke had taken Bere Castle, which was the seat of Prince Leolin, he was himself slain in battell; and his head cut off by a common Souldier, was sent to King Edw. who caused the same to be Crowned with Ivie, and to be set upon the Tower of London; And this was the end of Leolin, the last of the Welsh Princes, betraied (as some write) by the men of Buelth. Not long after his brother David also is taken in Wales, and judged in England to an ignominious death: First, drawn at a horse taile about the City of Shrewsbury, then beheaded, the trunke of his body divided, his heart and bowels burnt, his head sent to accompany his brothers on the Tower of London, his foure quarters to foure Cities, Bristow, North••pton, York, and Winchester: A manifold execution, and the first shewed in that kind to this kingdome, in the per∣son of the son of a Prince, or any other Noble man that we reade of in our History. It is perhaps something which some here observe, that at the sealing of this con∣quest, King Edward lost his eldest son Alphonsus, of the age of twelve years, (a Prince of great hope) and had onely left to succeed him, his sonne Edward lately borne at Carnarvan, and the first of the English, intituled Prince of Wales, but no Prince worthy of either Wales or England. And thus came Wales to be united to the Crowne of England, in the eleventh yeare of this King Edwards Raigne; who thereupon established the government thereof, according to the Lawes of England, as may be seene by the Statute of Rutland, in the twelfth yeare of his Raigne.

The worke of Wales being setled, King Edward passeth over into France, upon notice of the death of Philip the Hardy, to renew and confirme such conditions as his state in those parts required, with the new King Philip the fourth, intituled the Faire; to whom he doth homage for Aquitaine, having before quitted his claime to Normandy for ever. After three yeares and a halfe being away in France, he returns into England; and now in the next place comes the businesse with Scotland, and will hold him wo•ke at times as long as he lives, and his sonne after him. Alexan∣der the third, King of Scots, as he was running his horse, fell horse and man to the ground, and brake his necke, and died immediately• by reason whereof (he lea∣ving no issue, but onely a daughter of his daughter Margaret, who died also soone after) there fell out presently great contention about succession. Ten Competitors pretend title, namely, Erick King of Norway, Florence Earle of Holland, Robert Bruce Earle of Anandale, Iohn de Baylioll Lord of Galloway, Iohn de Hastings Lord of Abergeveny, Iohn Cummin Lord of Badenaw, Patrick de Dunbarre Earle of March, Iohn de Vescie, Nicholas de Sul•s, William de Rosse; all or most of them de•cending from David Earle of Huntington, younger brother to William King of Scots, and great Unkle to the late King Alexander. This title King Edward takes upon him to decide, pretending a Right of Superiority from his Ancestours over that kingdome and proving it by authority of old Chronicles, as Marianus Scotus, William of Malms∣bury, Roger de Hoveden, Henry of Huntington, Ralph de Luceto, and others; which though the Scottish Lords who swaied the Interregnum opposed, yet are they con∣strained for avoyding of further inconveniences, to make him Arbiter thereof, and the tenne Competitours bound to stand to his award. Two are especially found, betweene whom the •ight lay, Iohn de Baylioll Lord of Galloway, and Robert Br•ce; the one descending from an elder daughter, the other from a sonne of a younger Page  131 daughter of Alan, who had married the eldest daughter of this David brother to King William. The controversie held long, twelve of either kingdome learned in the Lawes, are elected to debate the same at Berwick; all the best Civilians in the Universities of France are solicited to give their opinions; all which brought forth rather doubts then resolutions: whereupon King Edward the better to sway this businesse by his presence, takes a journey Northward; where being come as farre as Lincolnshire, he lost his beloved wife Queene Eleanor: and thereupon going backe to see her Funerall performed at Westminster: that done, he returnes present∣ly to his Scottish businesse. And now sixe yeares were passed since the death of King Alexander, and yet nothing concluded in this controversie; whereupon King Edward deals privately with Bruce, (who had the weaker Title, but the more friends) and promiseth him, if he would sweare fealty and homage to the Crowne of England, he would Invest him in that of Scotland. But Bruce answers, he was not so d•sirous to rule, as thereby to infringe the liberties of his Countrey. Whereupon with the like offer he sets upon Baylioll, who having better right, but lesse love of the people, and more greedy of a kingdome then honour, accepts the condition; and there∣upon is Crowned King at Scone, hath fealty done him by all the chiefe Nobility, except Bruce: comes to New-Castle upon Tyne, where King Edward then lay; and there, with many of his Nobles, sweares fealty, and doth homage to him, as his Soveraigne Lord. Which act done to secure him, overthrew him: for being little beloved before, hereby he became lesse: such as stood for Bruce, and others of the Nobility (tender of the preservation of their Countries liberty) took stomach a∣gainst him; and not onely for this, but shortly after for his injustice in the case of the Earle of Fife, one of the sixe Governours in the time on the Interregnum, who had beene slaine by the Family of Alberneth; the brother of which Earle prose∣cuting Law before King Baylioll, in his high Court of Parliament, and having no right done him (King Baylioll giving judgement of the side of the Alberneths) he ap∣peales to the Court of the King of England: whereupon King Baylioll is summo∣ned, appeares, sits with King Edward in his Parliament till his cause was to be heard, and then is cited by an Officer to arise, and to stand in the place appointed for plea∣ding; then he craves to answer by a Procuratour, but is denied, and thereupon de∣scends to the ordinary place, and defends his cause himselfe: which indignity (as he tooke it) so incenseth him, that he returnes home with a breastfull charged with indignation; meditates revenge, renues the ancient league with France, confirmes it with marriage of his sonne Edward, to a daughter of Charles brother to King Phi∣lip, glad in regard of late offences taken against the King of England, to embrace the same; which done, Baylioll defies King Edward, renounceth his Allegeance, as unlawfully done, being not in his power, without consent of the State, to doe any such Act. Hereupon brake out that mortall dissension betweene the two Nations, which consumed more Christian bloud, and continued longer then ever quarrell we reade of did, between any two people in the world. For he that beganne it, could not end it, but it lasted almost three hundred yeares, and was never throughly abo∣lished, till the late blessed union wrought by him in whom Wisdome and Vertue, Right and Power concurred all to make it firme. And now the fatall Chaire in which the Kings of Scotland used to be Inaugurated, seemes to recover its secret operation, according to antient Prophesie: that whither soever that Chaire should be removed, the kingdome should be removed with it; and this Chaire King Ed∣ward caused to be brought out of Scotland to Westminster, and to be placed there amongst the Monuments, where it still continues. But now King Baylioll being summoned to appeare at New-Castle, and refusing to come; King Edward enters Scotland with an Army, consisting of foure thousand horse, and thirty thousand foot, besides five hundred horse, and one thousand foote of the Bishop of Durham. Ber∣wicke is first wonne, with the slaughter of fifteene thousand Scots; (our Writers say more) and after that, the Castles of Dunbarre, Roxborough, Edinbough, Sterli•g, and Saint Iohns Towne; and now King Balioll sues for Peace, submits himselfe, takes againe his Oath of Fealty to King Edward, as his Soveraigne Lord: which done, Page  132 a Parliament for Scotland is held at Berwicke, where the Nobility likewise did Ho∣mage to him, confirming the same by their Charter, under their hands and seales: onely William Dowglasse refuseth; content rather to endure the misery of a Prison, then yeeld to the subjection of the King of England. But King Baylioll, notwith∣standing his submission, is sent prisoner into England after his foure yeares Raigne in Scotland; and King Edward returnes home, leaving Iohn Warren Earle of Sussex and Surrey, Warden of all Scotland; Hugh Cressingham Treasurer, and Ormesloy Chiefe Justice, with Commission to take in his name, the Homages and Fealties of all such as held Lands of that Crowne. But this continued not long, for King Ed∣ward being absent in France, the Scots fell upon the Officers he had left; slew Sir Hugh Cressingham with sixe thousand English, recovered many Castles, and regained the towne of Berwick, and all by the animation and conduct of one William Walleys, a poore private Gentleman, (though Nobly descended) who seeing his Countrey without a Head, and thereby without a Heart (all the great men, either in captivity or subjection• assembles certaine of as poore and desperate estate as himselfe, and leads them to attempt upon whatsoever advantages they could finde to annoy the English, and having therein good successe, it so encreased both his courage and company, that he afterward came to be the generall Guardian of the whole king∣dome; and was in possibility to have absolutely redeemed his Countrey from the subjection of the English, if the speedy comming of King Edward had not preven∣ted him. For now King Edward, to bring his worke neare together, removes his Exchequer and Courts of Justice to Yorke, where they continued above sixe yeares; and thither he cals a Parliament, requiring all his subjects that held of him by knights service, to be ready at Roxborough by a peremptory day: where there assem∣ble three thousand men at Armes on barded horses, and foure thousand other ar∣med men on horse without bards, with an Army of foote answerable, consisting most of Welsh and Irish, besides five hundred men at Armes out of Gascoyne; and with this power he makes his second expedition into Scotland: the Earles of Here∣ford and Norfolke, with the Earle of Lincolne, led his Vauntgard at the famous bat∣tell of Fonkirke, where the shouts of the Scots were so great, that King Edwards horse frighted withall, cast him off, and brake two of his ribs; which notwithstan∣ding he gets up againe, goes on, and gets the victory; wherein are reported to be slaine two hundred knights, and forty thousand foot of the Scots: but William Walleys with some few, escaped to make more work. And here againe that kingdome might seeme as if quite overthrowne. Most of the estates of the Earles and Barons of Scotland (with their titles) that had stood out, were bestowed on the English; and a Parliament is called at Saint Andrewes, where all the great men of that kingdome, except onely Walleys, once againe sweare Fealty to the King of England. It seemes swearing of Fealty was with the Scots but a Ceremony without substance, as good as nothing: for this is now the third time they swore Fealty to King Edward; yet all did not serve to make them loyall: for not long after, comes the newes of a new King made and Crowned in Scotland: Robert Bruce Earle of Carrick, sonne to that Bruce who was competitour with Baylioll, escaping out of England, becomes Head to the confused Body of that kingdome: and perceiving Iohn Cummyn (who had a title himselfe) to goe about to bewray his intentions to King Edward; he finding him at Dunfrayes, sets upon him, and murthers him in the Church. Whereof as soone as King Edward heard, he sends Aymer de Valence, Earle of Pembroke, and the Lords Clifford and Percie, with a strong power to revenge the death of Cummyn, and to relieve his Wardens of Scotland; who upon Bruces revolt, were all retired to Berwicke, whilst himselfe prepares an Army to follow: wherein to be the more nobly attended, he caused Proclamation to be made, that whosoever ought by their Paternall succession, or otherwise had meanes of their owne for service, should repaire to Westminster, at the Feast of Pentecost, to receive the Order of knighthood, and a Military Ornament out of the Kings Wardrobe. Hereupon three hundred young Gentlemen, all the sonnes of Earles, Barons, and knights, assemble at the day appointed, and receive Purples, silkes, Sindons, Scarffes, wrought with Page  133 Gold or Silver, according to every mans Estate. For which traine (because the Kings House was too little, by reason a part of it had beene lately burnt) roome is made, and the Apple-trees cut downe at the new Temple for their Tents, where they attire themselves, and keepe their Vigile. The Prince (whom the King then likewise knighted, and gave him the Dutchy of Aquitaine, kept his Vigile with his Traine at Westminster, and the next day girds these three hundred knights, with the Military Belt, in such manner as he himselfe had received it. Which done, the King before them all makes a Vow, that alive or dead, he would revenge the death of Cummyn upon Bruce, and the perjured Scots: Adjuring his Sonne and all the Nobles about him, upon their Fealty, that if he dyed in this Journey, they should carry his Corps with them about Scotland, and not suffer it to be interred, till they had vanquished the Usurper, and absolutely brought the Country to Subjection. The Prince and all the Nobles promise upon their Faith, to imploy their uttermost power to performe his Vow: and herewithall he sets forth with a potent Army, presently after Whitsontide, and makes his last Expedition into Scotland, in the foure and thirtieth yeare of his Raigne.

The Earle of Pembroke, with that power sent before, and aid of the Scottish par∣ty, had before the King arrived in Scotland, defeated in a battaile neare Saint Iohns Towne, the whole Army of the new King, and narrowly missed the taking of his Person, but he escaping in disguise, and sheltring himselfe in obscure places, was reserved for greater Battailes, his Brothers Nigell, Bruce, and shortly after, Thomas and Alexander a Priest, were taken and Executed after the manner of Traytors at Berwicke. And now King Edward had done for Fighting, all was now for Exe∣cutions, and indeed his desire of Revenge made him inexorable, and vow to spare none of what degree soever. The Earle of Atholl, (though of Royall blood, and allyed unto him) was sent to London, where all his preferment was, to have a high∣er paire of Gallowes then the rest. The Wife of Robert Bruce, taken by the Lord Rosse, is sent Prisoner to London, and his Daughter to a Monastery in Lindsey. The Countesse of Boughan, who had beene ayding at Bruces Coronation, is put into a woodden Cage, and hung out upon the walls of Berwicke for people to gaze on. But though Bruces party was thus dejected, and himselfe at this time appeared not, but shifted privily from place to place, in a distressed manner, (attended onely with two Noble Gentlemen, who neeer forsooke him in his misfortunes, the Earle of Lenox and Gilbert Hay) yet gives he not over, but gathers new Forces, with which he suddenly assailes the Earle of Pembroke at unawares, gives him a great defeate, and within three dayes after chaseth the Earle of Glocester into the Ca∣stle of Aire, where he besieged him, till by the Kings Forces he was driven againe to his former retire. Whereupon King Edward, who had spent his Winter at Car∣lile, in Iuly following with a fresh Army enters Scotland himselfe, but falling into a Dysentery or Bloody-flix, at Borough upon the Sands he ended his life: and thus ended King Edwards troubles with Scotland, but not Englands troubles, which are more to come, then yet are past.

But though this businesse of Scotland never left King Edward till his dying day, yet it had been upon him but as an Ague, sometimes putting him into violent heats, and sometimes leaving him in a quiet temper, with such a vicissitude, that when he had quietnesse with Scotland, he had troubles with France, whereof the time is now to speake. It is well knowne, that Philip King of France, Father of the present King, and Edward King of England were neare Cousins, the Sonnes of two Sisters; and it hath beene shewed before at King Edwards returning from the Holy Land, and passing through France, what extraordinary kindnesse and mutuall courtesie passed betweene them, that one would have thought neither they no• theirs should ever have falne out: and perhaps never should, if they had beene private men, and not Princes. For private men may easily continue Friends, as having none to con∣sider but themselves; but Princes hardly, as having besides themselves, their Sub∣jects to consider. And though they be the Subjects oftentimes that make the Quar∣rell, yet they are the Princes that must maintaine it. And besides, betweene Prin∣ces Page  134 there can never be but jealousies, and where jealousies are, every trifle makes a quarrell. And this was the case of these two Kings, certaine of the King of Eng∣lands Subjects, had upon the Coast of Normandy done spoyle to some Subjects of the King of France: and this difference of the Subjects made a difference betweene the Kings, while each of them standing in defence of his owne, fall out themselves; and for a beginning the King of France summons King Edward, as owing homage to that Crowne, to appeare and answer it in his Court. And King Edward, though voluntarily before he had done it in a way of Courtesie, yet being now impetiously commanded, he refuseth it: upon which refusall, all his Territories in France are condemned to be forfaited, and an Army is presently sent to seise upon the same, led by Charles de Valois, and Arnold de Neele, Constable of France. Burdeaux; with divers other Peec•s of importance, are taken from him. And now King Edward well knowing what danger it was to have so powerfull an Adversary; endevours first to strengthen himselfe with Friends abroad, seekes to match his Sonne Ed∣ward with a Daughter of Guy Earle of Flanders: Marries one of his Daughters to the D•ke of Barr•, who pretended Title to Champaigne; another to Iohn Duke of Bra•ant; sends fifteene thousand pounds Sterling to Adolph de Nassaw the Empe∣rour, for recovery of certaine Lands which he claimed in France; and with all these and many other con•ining Princes, he sets upon the King of France, and then sends over his Brother Edmund Earle of Lancaster, the Earles of Lincolne and Rich∣mond, with eight and twenty Banners, seven hundred men at Armes, and a Navy of three hundred and sixty Saile. In the meane time the King of France, having had intelligence of the intended alliance betweene King Edward, and Guy Earle of Flanders, sends for the said Earle (as if knowing nothing thereof) to come with his Wi•e and Daughter to make merry with him at Paris: where instead of Feasting him, he makes him Prisoner, and takes from him his Daughter, in regard he sought (being his Vassall) to match her with his capitall Enemy. The Earle excuseth it the best he could, and by much mediation is released himselfe, but not his Daugh∣ter; whereupon the Earle, presuming upon aide from King Edward, takes Armes, and defies the King of France; who thereupon comes with an Army of sixty thou∣sand against him: which caused King Edward, with all speed possible to relieve this distressed Earle; and so leaving the Government of the kingdome in his absence, to the Bishop of London, the Earle of Warwicke, and the Lords Reynold, Grey, and Clifford; with five hundred Saile, and eighteene thousand men at Armes, he pas∣seth over into France, but finding the Country distracted into many popular Facti∣ons, and the King of France daily getting upon them, (having already won Lisle, Doway, Courtray, Burges and Dam) and the Emperour Adolph failing to send him aide as he had promised, he fell into great perplexity: and having stayed the whole Winter at Gaunt, where by reason of many outrages committed by his Souldiers, he was so affronted by the Gauntois, that his owne person was not without some danger; He thereupon in the Spring of the yeare, concludes a Truce with the King of France for two yeares, takes his sister Margaret to Wife, and affianceth the Daughter of the same King to his Sonne Prince Edward, and so returnes into Eng∣land: And these were all the troubles King Edward had with France.

But now must something be spoken of troubles with his Lords at home, where∣of this was the beginning: In a Parliament at Salisbury, the five and twentieth yeare of his Raigne, the King requires certaine of his Lords to goe to the Warres in Gascoyne; which needed a present supply by reason of the death of his Brother Edmund: but the Lords make all their excuses, every man for himselfe: Where∣upon the King in great rage threatned, they should either goe, or he would give their Lands to others that should. Upon this Humfrey Bohun Earle of Hereford, High Constable, and Roger Bigod Earle of Norfolke, Marshall of England, make their Declaration, that if the King went in Per•on they would attend him; otherwise not. Which answer offended the King more, and being urged againe, the Earle Marshall protested he would willingly goe thither with the King, and march before him in the Vauntguard, as by right of inheritance he ought to doe; But the King Page  135 told him plainely, he should goe with any other, though he we•• not himselfe in Person• I am not so bound (saith the Earle) neither will I take t••t journey with∣out you. The King swore by God, Sir Earle, you shall either goe or h•••• And I sweare by the same Oath (said the Earle) I will neither goe no• hang• and so without leave departs. Shortly after the two Earles assemble many Noble men, and other their Friends, to the number of thirty Bannere•s, so as they were fifteen hundred men at Armes, well appointed, and stood upon their Gu••d• The King like a prudent Prince, who knew his times, prosecu•es them not as then, b•• lets the matter passe, in regard that his businesse called him presently into Flanders; when being ready to take ship, the Arch-bishops, Bishops, Earles, Barons, and the Commons send him a Roll of the Grievances of his Subjects, concerning his Taxes, Subsidies, and other Impositions, with his seeking to force their services by unlawfull courses: to which the King sends answer, that he could not a•t•r a∣ny thing without the advice of his Councell, who were not now about him, and therefore required them, seeing they would not attend him in his Journey, (which they absolutely refused to doe, though he went in Person, unlesse he had gone in∣to France or Scotland) that they would yet doe nothing in his absence, prejudi•i∣all to the peace of the kingdome; and that at his returne, he would set all things in good order to their contentment. But having taken his Journey, and being held there with long delayes, to his exceeding great expenses, he was forced to send o∣ver for more supply of Treasure; and thereupon gave order for a Parliament to be held at Yorke by the Prince, and (because of his Minority, for he was then but sixteene yeares of age) by such as had the manage of the kingdome in his absence: and to the end he would not be disappointed of aide, he condescends to all such Ar∣ticles as were demanded, concerning the great Charter: Promising from thence∣forth never to charge his Subjects otherwise then by their consents in Parliament, and to pardon all such as had denyed to attend him in this Journey. After this, in the 27. yeare of his Raigne, a Parliament is called at Westminster, wherein the pro∣mised Confirmation of the two Charters, and the allowance of what disafforesta∣tion had heretofore beene made, was earnestly urged, and in the end with much adoe Granted; and that with omission of the Clause, Salva Iure Coronae nostr•: which the King laboured to have inserted, but the people by no meanes would a∣gree, and the perambulation of the Forests of England was then committed to three Bishops, three Earles, and three Barons. But some yeares after, in the two and thirtieth yeare of his Raigne, King Edward begunne to shew his resentment of the stubborne behaviour of his Nobles towards him in times past; and so terrifies Ro∣ger Bigod, Earle Marshall, that to recover his favor the Earle made him his Heire• in Possession; (though he had a Brother of his owne living) reserving onely to him∣selfe a thousand pounds per annum, during his life. Of others likewise he go• great summes for the same offence; The Earle of Hereford escaped his fine by death. But the Arch-bishop of Canterbury, (whom he accused to have disturbed his Peace in his absence) he sends over to Pope Clement the fifth, (who succeeded Bonifac•) that he might be crusht with a double power. This Pope was Native of Burdeaux, and •o the more regardfull of the Kings desire; and the King• the more confident of his favour; which to entertaine and encrease, King Edward sends him a whole furnish of all vessels for his Chamber of cleane Gold: which great gift so wro•ght with the Pope, that he untied the King from the Covenant made with his Subjects concerning their Charters, confirmed unto them by his last three Acts of Parli•∣ment, and absolved him from his Oath: A safe time for Princes, when they might¦tye themselves in any obligation to their Subjects, and afterward for a bribe to the Pope be untyed againe.