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I. What
II. The best Season to sow every Sort of Seed.
III. How often every sort of Seed ought to be sown for the Use of the Kitchen-Garden.
IV. How the Earth is com∣pounded and ordered for several
kinds of Seeds and Plants.
V. What to be sow'd on Cold Grounds.
VI. What to be sow'd on Hot Beds.
VII. Several ways of making Hot Beds, and their Atten∣dance.
VIII. How and what to be transplanted either into Cold Ground, or into New Hot Beds, and how order'd after.
IX. What Observations on the Sun, Moon and Weather, for Sowing, Planting and Trans∣planting.
X. How to Water and Shade Plants new planted, and Seeds Sowed.
XI. What thrives best in the Sun.
XII. What thrives best in the Shade.
XIII. What and how such as will not prosper in the Green-House,
may be covered and pre∣served abroad.
XIV. The several Names of Worms, Vermine and Insects that are noxious to the Gar∣dens.
XV. The Remedies.
XVI. The best Form and Di∣mension of the Green-House; as also of what to build and cover it.
XVII. What to be housed in Winter.
XVIII. How to order the Pots or Tubs before they are used.
XIX. When and in what Wea∣ther to open and close the Green-House.
XX. What Observations at the first setting abroad of the Winter-Greens in the Spring.
XXI. How to Prune and Dung the Winter-Greens.
XXII. What may be increased by the Root.
XXIII. What by Layers.
XXIV. What by Slips or Cut∣tings.
XXV. What grows best of Seeds that Shed and Sow them∣selves.
XXVI. What to be Grafted and Inoculated.
XXVII. The several ways of Ingrafting and Inoculating.
XXVIII. How to alter the Shape, Smell, Taste and Colour of Vegetables, by joyning dif∣ferent Roots together.
XXIX. How and what may be changed by Grafting, Joyning or Inoculating Shoots or Buds on different Stocks or Cyons.
XXX. How to compound se∣veral Liquors to Water, and feed Vegetables, whereby they may be much altered.
XXXI. Of what Roots, Stalks, Barks, Leaves, Flowers, Fruits, Seeds or Downs, may be made
either Cups, Boxes, Baskets, Mats, Callicoes, Cloaths, (as Nettle Cloath) and the like, all which will be most useful for the Life of Man, from the Garden.
XXXII. How to prune Vines, how many Joynts to leave, and of what Age the Vine must be, that is cut away.
XXXIII. How to prune Stan∣dard-Trees.
XXXIV. How to prune Wall-Trees, and with what to be best fastned.
XXXV. The Places from whence the best of the Vegetables that are either Winter-Greens, or fit for the Kitchen-Garden, may be had, and the Marks of their Goodness.
XXXVI. How to discern good Seeds from bad.
XXXVII. The Times of Gather∣ing, and the Ways of Preserving them.
Though we have by Journal-Books a fuller Account given us of Turky than of many other Countries, yet because there are in these but imperfect Relations of many Things, which yet are needful to be known, it will not be amiss to make known here the account of these Things, that the Curious Traveller may inform himself of them, as he shall find conveniency for it.
1. In what Part of Turky the Rusma is to be found, and in what Quantities; whether the Turks employ it to any other Uses besides that of taking off the Hair: whether there be differing kinds of it; how it is used to take of Hair, and how to get store of it.
2. Whether the Turks do not only take Opium themselves for Strength and Courage, but also give it to their Horses, Camels and Dromedaries, for the same purpose, when they find them tired and faint in their Tra∣velling; what is the great∣est Dose any Men are known to have taken of Opium, and how prepared.
3. What Effects are observ∣ed from their Use of Opium, as also of Coffee, Bathing, Shav∣ing their Heads, using Rice, and why they prefer that which grows not unless watered, before Wheat, &c.
4. How their Damasco Steel is made; and,
5. What is their way of Dressing Leather, which though thin and supple, will hold out Water.
6. What is the way they breed those excellent Hor∣ses, they are so much famed for.
7. Wether they be so skilful in poysoning as is said, and how their Poisons are curable.
8. How the Armenians keep Meat Fresh and Sweet so long, as it is said they do.
9. What Arts or Trades they have worth Learning.
10. Whether there be such a Tree about Damascus called Mou∣s••ac, which every Year, about the Month of December, is cut down close by the Root, and within four or five Months shoots up again apace, bringing forth Leaves, Flowers and Fruit also, and bearing but one Apple, an excellent Fruit, at once.
11. Whether at Reame, in the South Parts of Arabia Foelix, there be Grapes without any Grains;
and whether the People of that Country live, many of them, to an hundred and twenty Years in good Health.
12. Whether in Candia there be no poysonous Creatures; and whether those Serpents that are there are without Poyson.
13. Whether all Fruits, Herbs, Earths and Fountains are natu∣rally saltish, in the Island of Cy∣prus; and whether those Parts of this Isle, which abound naturally in Cyprus-Trees, are more or less healthful than others.
14. What store of Amianthus there is in Cyprus, and how they work it.
15. Whether Mummies be found in the Sands of Arabia, that are the dryed Flesh of Men, buried in those Sandy Desarts in Travelling; and how they differ in their Vertue from the embalmed ones.
16. Whether the Parts about the City of Constantinople or Asia Minor, be as subject to Earthquakes no•• as they have been formerly; and whether the Eastern Winds do not plague the said City with Mists▪ and cause that inconstancy of Wea∣ther, it is said to be subject to.
17. Whether the Earthquakes in Zant and Cephalenia, be so frequent, as to happen, now and then, nine or Ten Times in a Month; and whether these Isles be not very Cavernous.
18. What is the heighth of Mount Cacasus, its Position, and Temper in several Parts, &c.
19. With what declivity the Water runs out of the Euxin Sea into the Propontis; with what Depth; and if the main Tides and Eddies, so famous by the Name of Euripi, have any certain Period.
20. If in the Euxine Sea there can be found any Sign of the Caspian Sea's emptying itself in∣to it by a Passage under Ground; if there be any different Colour or Temper as to Heat or Cold, or any great Emotion in the Water, that may give Light to it.
21. By what Inland Passages they go to China; there being now a Passage for Caravans throughout those Places, that would formerly admit of no Correspondence, by reason of the Barbarism of the Inhabitants.
22. Whether in the Aque∣ducts they make, they line the Inside with as good Plaister as the Ancients did, and how theirs is made.
23. To enquire after the ex∣cellent Works of Antiquity, with which that Country is full, and which by the Igno∣rant
are not thought worth Notice or Preservation; and particularly what is the Stru∣cture and Bigness of the Aque∣ducts, made in several Places about Constantinople by Solyman the Magnificent.
24. To enquire whether the Relations of a whole City's be∣ing turned into Stone be true, and if not what gave the first Rise to it, and whether it lye so near the Sea that these Bo∣dies so metamophosed may be easily brought into Europe. Here I beg the Reader's Leave to di∣gress a little, and give him the Information I had of it from one who was upon the Place, did see this strange Metamor∣phosis, and had an account of it from one who lived near to it, which I the rather adventure to do, because I have had good Proofs of his Veracity in other
Relations, and also because I had the same confirm'd to me in great measure, by a Gentleman, who had been long a Chaplain to the Factory at Smyrna, who assured me, That there's no Doubt of it. 'Tis this: Being obliged to go with the Army sent by the Bassa of Tripoly to reduce a City that had rebelled against him, in the way, he and some others, after Leave got from their Commander, did turn aside to see this so strange Metamor∣phosis; at his first coming into the Place he saw a Sheep ly∣ing upon her Belly, as if it were chewing the Cud, whose Head he broke off from her Neck, with a Stone, and in the Gullet he could perceive some remainder of the chew'd Grass all petrified, which he took up, and sold afterwards to one of his Fellow-Slaves,
who, having sent it to the Pope, had his Ransome returned for it: A little further they saw a Wo∣man sitting on her Knees, with her Hands in a Trough, as if she were kneading Dough, her Mantle, that was clasp'd about her Neck being cast backward, and all turned to Stone, so hard that they could lift her and the Trough, in which the Hands were, without parting them or breaking any thing. When he asked a Priest, that was sent from the City to treat with the Commander, What way this did happen, he an∣swer'd him, That all the Inha∣bitants of that Place were So∣domites, and that God rained down Fire and Brimstone from Heaven upon them; upon her which they were all turned to Stones: And for Proof of this, he desired him to dig in the
Sand, with his Hand, a Foot deep, which he found like blue Ashes; which, said the Priests, were the remainders of that Fire.
But to return to our Subject, the next Enquiries shall be for Egypt. And,
1. Whether it rain at any Time, and if so at what Time of the Year; and what Influen∣ces that Rain hath upon the Air, as to the making it Wholesome or Pestilential, or otherwise un∣wholesome.
2. To consider the Nitre that is made there, to try what af∣finity there is between the Nitre we have and theirs, whether it discover an Alcaly Nature by its colluctation with Acids, as some report, and whether after dissolv∣ing
in Water, Filtration and Evaporation, it give Chrystals like to Nitre.
3. Whether the Earth of Egypt, adjoyning to the River Nilus, preserved and weigh'd, daily keeps the same Weight, till the seventeenth of June, and then grows daily heavier, with the Increase of the River.
4. Whether if the Plague be never so great before, yet on the first Day of the Nile's Increase, it not only not increaseth, but absolutely ceaseth, not one dying of it after; and whe∣ther this be justly attributed to the swelling of the Nile, or the cool Winds that happen about that Time, and come from the dissolving of the Snows on the Riphaean Hills, behind Greece, which being impregnat∣ed with the Nitrous Particles of of the Snow, doth both fan the
Air of Egypt, and communicate to it an Antipestilential Qua∣lity; which I the rather am inclin'd to believe, because Ju∣dicious Men do attribute in part the swelling of the Nile to these Etesiae, that blowing hard on the Mouth of the Nile force its Wa∣ters back again into it's Chan∣nel, which meeting with the Land-flood, that is at the same Time occasion'd by the great Rains happening at that Time on the Mountains of the Moon, do make the River overflow its Banks.
5. To enquire particularly into the manner of hatching Eggs in Egypt; how the Carnels Dung is prepar'd, wherein they are laid; how often the Eggs are turned; how covered; whether they hatch in one and twenty Days, as they do with us un∣der a Hen; whether the Chick∣ens
be as perfect as ours; if imperfect, whether that may not happen to them with rough handling, while they are remov∣ed, being very tender, out of the Place where they are hatch∣ed; to take the Design of the manner, how by the Pipes the Heat is conveyed to several Rooms; how they treat them betwixt the Time of their Hatch∣ing and Taking away by the Owners; whether they do not also use to hatch Eggs under Hens.
6. To enquire if the Yellow-Amber that is sold in Egypt in great Quantity, be the Gum of a Tree growing in Egypt, or Ethiopia, as Bellonius, after Diodorus Siculus affirms; and whether, besides several Ani∣mals, that are found inclosed in that Amber, there is fre∣quently found some Part of
the Bark of a Tree sticking to it.
7. To enquire of a certain Tree, growing not far from Cairo, which bears a Fruit stuffed with Wool, that is finer than Silk, of which the Arabs make Linnen, that is softer than Silk, and whiter then Cotton.
8. Whether Crocodiles that are found to be sometime thirty Foot long, are hatched of an Egg no bigger than a Turkey's.
9. Whether the Ichneumon, or Egyptian-Water-Rat, can kill a Crocodile, by skipping into his Mouth, and gnawing his Way out, as Old Writers affirm.
10. Whether it be true, That the Arabs can charm the Croco∣diles, or whether there be on the Nile's Side any Talismans, or Constellated Figures, beyond which the Crocodiles cannot pass, as some would make us belive.
11. To enquire at Cairo for several Drugs, which are com∣mon there, and much in use, yet not brought into Europe, as Acacia, Calamus Odoratus, Amo∣mum, Costus, Ben Album, and divers such others.
12. Whether the Female Palm-Tree be not Fruitful unless she be planted by the Male, as Some would bear us in Hand.
13. To enquire whether the Appearance of Legs and Arms of Men, related to stand out of the Ground, to a great Number, at five Miles from Cairo, on Good Friday, do still continue, and how that Imposture is perfor'd.
14. Whether Children born in the eigth Month do usually live there, contrary to what is believed to happen elswhere.
15. To take an account of the Wooden Locks there, which are said to be made with as
great Art, there, as our Locks here.
16. To observe the Course of the Waters both in the Mediter∣ranean and the Red Sea.