A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names of all the counties, provinces, remarkable cities, universities, ports, towns, mountains, seas, streights, fountains, and rivers of the whole world : their distances, longitudes, and latitudes : with a short historical account of the same, and their present state : to which is added an index of the ancient and Latin names : very necesary for the right understanding of all modern histories, and especially the divers accounts of the present transactions of Europe / begun by Edmund Bohun ... ; continued, corrected, and enlarged with great additions throughout, and particularly with whatever in the geographical part of the voluminous, Morey and Le Clerks occurs observable, by Mr. Bernard ; together with all the market-towns, corporations, and rivers, in England, wanting in both the former editions.

M A. (Book m)

MAara, Spelunca Sidoniorum, a Grott or Cave in Palestine, in the Territory of Great Zi∣don, or the Land of the Sidonians, mentioned Josh. 13. 4. In the year 1161. the Christians secured themselves for sometime here against the Sa∣racens.

Macandan, a Promontory in Africa, called by the Ancients Arsinarium; now commonly, Cape Verde.

Macao, Amacao, Amacum, a City in China, in the Province of Quantum; upon the South part of that Kingdom; in Long. 141. 30. Lat. 23. 00. Built upon a small Island, with two Forts: heretofore un∣der the Portuguese; during which times it was a ce∣lebrated Mart, much frequented, and very rich: but being now in the hands of the Tartars, who have conquered China, it decays a pace; and is much de∣clined from what it was.

Macaria, a Lake or Marsh, near Marathon, a Town in Attica; in which a considerable part of the Forces of Xerxes, King of Persia, perished; being beaten by the Grecians both by Sea and Land at the same time; and in their flight forced into this unpas∣sable place by the pursuers. Whence the Proverb, in Macariam abi, for a Curse. § This also was the an∣cient Name of a City in the Island of Cyprus, now become a Village, and called Jalines. The whole Island of Cyprus had the Title of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 given it, by the Greeks from its fertility. And the Island of Ma∣czua, in the Gulph of Arabia, has been honoured with the same.

Macascar, Macassar, Macasaria, a great Island in the Indian Sea, sometimes called Celebes. Extended from North to South two hundred French Leagues; and one hundred broad: there are in it six King∣doms, Macasar, Cion, Sanguin, Cauripana, Geti∣gan and Supara: the two principal Cities, are Ma∣casar and Bantachia. The South parts are much frequented by the English and Dutch: which latter of late in 1669. have severely treated the King of Macascar; whose Dominions lie in the South of the Island, and comprehend the far greatest part of it. This Island lies between the Molucco's to the East, and Borneo to the West; and is sometimes ascribed to the former. The Line cutteth the Northern part of it. The Inhabitants heretofore went naked; did eat Mans Flesh, and had all the Criminals of the Moluc∣co's sent over to them for that purpose: but they are much civilized. Two young Princes of this Coun∣try, Brothers, that were bred at Siam in the Mahome∣tan Religion, and sent to Paris by the King of Siam to be instructed in Christianity, on October 17. 1687. received Christian Baptism at Paris. It produces plenty Rice, Fruit, Cocao, Cattle, Fish; besides Gold, Ivory, Cotton, &c. The City Macasar stands in the South part, and enjoys the benefit of a good Port.

Macclesfield or Maxfield, a large fair Market Town in Cheshire, upon the River Bollin. The Ca∣pital of its Hundred. Adorned with the Title of an Earldom, in the Person of the Right Honourable Charles Gerard.

Macchia, a Dutchy in the Capitanata, in the King∣dom of Naples.

Macedonia, is a Kingdom of great antiquity and fame in Greece. Anciently bounded by the Adria∣tick Sea to the West; the Aegean Sea to the East, (now called the Archipelago;) the Ʋpper Moesia, a part of Illyricum, (now called Servia, cut off by Mount Sandus) to the North; and on the South it had Epirus, Thessalia, and Achaia. It was then di∣vided into four parts, as Livy saith; under which were twenty six Provinces: and at this day, though Albania, (which was of old a part of it) is dismem∣bred, yet the remainder is divided into four parts by the Turks. 1. Jamboli, of old Macedonia prima, and secunda; which lies East between Thrace and the Bay of Thessalonica. 2. Macedonia, properly so called, lies between Mount Karoponitze to the North, Thessalia to the South, and the Bay of Thessalonica to the East. 3. Comenolitari, the third part, (Ma∣cedonia tertia, and part of Thessalia,) has Macedo∣nia properly so called, on the North; Albania on the West, Thessalia on the South, and the same Bay on the East. 4. Janna, lies yet more South; and is the remainder of that which was anciently called Thessalia: on the North it has Commenolitari, on the West Epirus, on the South Livadia, and on the East the Archipelago and Bay of Negropont. The Reader may observe, that Thessalia is now a part of Macedonia, though anciently not; and Albania which anciently was a part of it, now is a separate Kingdom: both are under the Turks. This Coun∣try, anciently divided into one hundred and fifty Tribes or Nations, (as Pliny saith,) was by Philip and Alexander his Son, reduced first into one great and formidable body: which spread its Conquests not only over all the rest of Greece; but passing the Hellespont, Alexander the Great overthrew the Per∣sian Empire; and became Lord of all those Coun∣tries between the Caspian and Euxine Seas to the North; Mount Imaus to the East; the Persian Sea, Red Sea, the Cataracts of Nile to the South; the Desarts of Lybia, and the Adriatick Sea to the West: which Empire at his death became divided into four great Kingdoms, whereof Macedonia was the least. Philip of Macedon, (the two and twentieth King of the first Race,) began in the year of the World 3155. which ended in Alexander the Great, in 3642. or thereabouts. Cassander extirpated the first Family; and began a second in 3648. which ended in Perseus XI. in that Succession, subdued by the Romans in 3789. But it became not in∣tirely subject, till the Turks first entered this Province under Bajazet their fourth King; who took Nico∣polis, (a Town upon the Bay of Thessalonica,) in 1392. The Conquest thereof was finished by Amu∣rath II. (their sixth King) in 1429. by the Conquest of Thessalonica, and all the other places in this King∣dom, considered without Albania. Now governed by a Turkish Sangiack, under the Beglerbeg of Greece, who has 8000. Crowns the year Revenue; and finds in Peace only one hundred Horse for the defence of

the Country, in times of War four hundred. All the ancient Cities are ruined, except Thessalonica, and Larissa.

Macerata, a City in the Dominions of the Pope, in the Marcha Anconitana; which is a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Fermo: it stands upon a Hill near the River Chiento, and is thought one of the best places in this Marquisate, being therefore chosen for the Residence of the Governour. Built about 410. as Blondus avers, The University was opened here by Pope Nicolas IV. in 1290. restored by Pope Paul III. in 1322. united to this See for ever in 1586. It lies fifteen Miles from Loretto, and the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea to the West. There was a Synod here assembled in 1615.

Machere, Machera, or Macheronta, a Castle up∣on the River Jordain, and the Banks of the Dead Sea, in Palestine, five or six Leagues from Jerusalem: where, according to Josephus, S. John Baptist was be∣headed by the order of Herod.

Machian, one of the Molucco Isles.

Machynleth, a Market Town in the County of Montgomery in Wales, and the Hundred of Ky∣filog.

Machlyes, an ancient People, that dwelt near the Magna Syrtes of Africa, mentioned by Aristotle.

Maclena, Cydarus, a small River of Thrace, which falls into the Black Sea, a little above Constan∣tinople.

Macoco, a vast Kingdom in the middle of Afri∣ca, towards the Ʋpper Aethiopia, and the River Zaire; the Prince of which has ten Kingdoms un∣der him: on the North he has the Kingdom of Mu∣aco, (which is ever in War with him;) to the South-East that of Giringbomb. This Kingdom lies two hundred and seventy Spanish Miles from the Kingdom of Congon to the South. Jerome Lobus mentions it in his History of Ethiopia. Mensol is the Capital City of it.

Macran, or Makeran, Caramania, a Province of Persia towards the Indian Ocean, and the Confines of Indostan; which is a part of the ancient Caramania. It has on the North Sigestan, on the South the Indian Ocean, on the West Caramania, (properly so cal∣led,) and on the East Sinda. It is under a Prince of its own, who is a Tributary to the King of Persia. Its principal City is Macran, and its best Port is cal∣led Guadel.

Macre, a Gulph of the Mediterranean Sea, be∣twixt Lycia in Asia Minor, and the Island Rhodes: said by some to be the Glaucus Sinus of Caria.

Macrobii, the ancient people of the Island of Meroe in Aethiopia, so called from an observation of their living to a great age: Not but that this Name, in the Writings of the old Geographers and Historians, is communicated to the Hyperborei, Ma∣cedonii and others, where the same Longaevity oc∣curred.

Macrocephali, an ancient people towards the Bosphorus Thracius, in the account of P. Mela; so named, from an observation, that they had extraordi∣nary long heads. But Stephanus places them near Colchis in the Lesser Asia, and Pliny in the neigh∣bourhood of the City Cherasonda in Cappadocia.

Macuf, Mosceus, a River of Persia, which falls into the Bay of Persia.

Macyn, India Ʋlterior, one of the Provinces of Asia; called the further Indies, or India beyond Ganges.

Maczua, Orine, an Island in the Gulph of Ara∣bia, near Africa; over against the City of Mazzuan, in 17 deg. Lat. In the Maps, called Mazuan, and sometimes Macaria; under the Turks, since 1557.

Madagascar, Cerne, Menuthias, Madagascaria, Delphina, a vast Island on the Eastern Coast of A∣frica; called by the Inhabitants, Madecase; by the French, l' Isle de Dauphiné; by the Portuguese, S. Lorenzo; by the English, Madagascar and S. Lau∣rence; by the Arabians, Sarandib. Ptolemy calls it Menuthias; Pliny, Cerne Aethiopica. It is near one hundred Miles from the Coast of Africa to the East; and one of the greatest Islands in the World; exten∣tending from 1 to 25 deg. of Southern Latitude; but its breadth much less; as not exceeding one hundred and thirty English Miles. Discovered by the Portu∣guese in 1506. on S. Laurence's day. There was no Cities in it: the French have of late settled some Co∣lonies on the Southern Shoars. Stephen Flacourt, a Frenchman, has given a large account of this Island. The Inhabitants are large of Stature, exceeding black, Warlike, much addicted to Fishing, great Eaters: Nature has accordingly provided them with plenty of Cattle, Fish, Fowl, Fruits, and what ever is necessary for the life of Man; which they use without Labour or Care, regarding neither Silver nor Gold, nor any thing but Beads and Bracelets for Ornament, Musick and Dancing for their Recreation. And the utmost Number they can tell, is Ten. Herbert. 'Tis also rela∣ted, there is a mixture of Whites amongst them, who being circumcised, and using the Names of Moses, Aaron, Esther and the like, may be thought to de∣scend from the transmigrations of some of the ten lost Tribes of the Jews. About two hundred years ago, the Caliph of Meccha dispatched a Mission of Arabians hither, to teach Arabick and the Alca∣ron; which altogether missed not of its effect. The Northern Provinces are yet unknown to the Europe∣ans. As for Capes, Ports and Roads, Rivers, and fruitful Mountains, Mines of Iron and Steel, Precious Stones and Woods, Madagascar hath them. But no Mines of Brass, Tin, Lead, Silver or Gold: And the Natives are divided into divers Herds and Tribes, un∣der a Chief, like the Tartars.

Madaura, an ancient City betwixt Lambesa and Hippo in Barbary: remarkable for being the Birth∣place of Apuleius, thence intiuled Madaurensis. It had the honour heretofore of a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Carthage, and likewise of an Aca∣demy of note, at which S. Austin studied.

Maday. See Media.

Madera, an Island on the Western Shoar of Afri∣ca; called Madeira by the Portuguese, of old At∣lantica. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1419. and called by this Name from its plenty of Wood. Its length is twenty five Leagues, its Circuit sixty. The principal Town, Funchal. It lies in 32 deg. Lat. and Long. 360. Prodigiously fruitful; especially in Su∣gar, Mather, (a Dying stuff,) and Wines; the slipes whereof were brought from Candy. The Birds at first suffered themselves to be taken up; but have since learned to fear Mankind. It has plenty of Wa∣ter, and all other things needful for the life of Man. Though an Englishman is said to have landed here in 1344. yet the Portuguese were the first that peo∣pled this Island, and still possess it. They found it as one great Wood; and to clear it, they put fire to it, which raged so horribly at first, that they were forced to go to Sea, to avoid its fury. The Ashes contributed exceedingly to the Fertility of it. It is now returned to its natural strength, sufficient to maintain a vast number of Inhabitants. Funchal is an Archbishops See, and the Residence of the Go∣vernour: besides which, they reckon thirty six Pa∣rishes: Some call Madera, from its Fertility and Beau∣ty, the Queen of Islands.

Madera, a River in South America, also called Cayane. It ariseth in the Confines of Peru, by the City Argentea; and after a long Course, falls into

the River of Amazons, in the Province of Cayane, in Long. 312. Lat. 02. 12.

Maderaspatan, (that is, the Port of Madera,) is a City in the Kingdom of Narsinga; on the Coast of Coromandel, in the Bay of Bengala; which has been some years in the hands of the Hollanders.

Mader. See Maeander.

Madrid, Madritum, Mantua Carpetanorum, Ma∣dridium in Carpetanis, a great City in Spain, the Royal Seat of the Kings of that Country. It has a noble Palace, and is every day increasing. It stands upon the River Manzanares, (which falls into the Xaraina, at S. Martin; which falls into the Tajo, Tagus, above Toledo) twelve Miles to the North of Toledo. This City, saith Baudrand, has no Walls: some, that have lived there, say, it has a Mud one. It stands in the Kingdom of New Castile, upon the top of an Hill, in a fruitful Country, an healthful Air. The Royal Palace, though not great, is very beautiful & mag∣nificent. The Kings of Spain have resided here, but since the Reign of Philip II. before which time it was accounted only a Village. In 1473. a Council was ce∣lebrated here, to correct the Simony, Debauchery, and Ignorance of the Clergy of this Kingdom, under Pope Paul II. Long. 17. 00. Lat. 40. 40.

Madure, a City in the East-Indies, in the Pro∣montory of Malabar; great and populous. Hereto∣fore under the King of Bisnagar; but now, together with the Country in which it stands, subject to a Prince of its own; who is yet a kind of Subject to the King of Bisnagar. It lies between Malabar to the West, and the Gulph of Manar, (which parts Malabar from Ceylon) to the East: he is Sove∣reign of this Coast, and draws a considerable Revenue from it.

Maeander, a great River in the Lesser Asia, in the Greater Phrygia. Now commonly called Ma∣dre Mindre, and Bojouc Mindre; that is, the Great Mindre; in opposition to that at Ephesus, which is called the Little Minder. It springeth from a Fountain, called by the ancient Greeks, Alocrene; and runs with so Oblique a Current, as it often seems to be returning back again into it self: making in its passage six hundred Turns, though it is no very long Course it performs. Hence one of the Ancients ob∣serves, it was the only River in the World, which returned almost back to its Fountain. Many of the Poets alluded to it in their Poems. Our Country-Man, Mr. Wheeler, who crossed it, saith; it was there sixteen Fathoms over: they pretended, it was as deep as broad, the Current was exceeding swift: he gives a Figure of it. It falls into the Archipelago, be∣tween Heraclea and Miletus, on the South of E∣phesus.

Maelstroom, Ʋmbilicus maris, a Gulph or Whirl. Pit on the Coast of Norway, and Province of Sca∣nea; between the Isles of Luffoot and Weroe. Ma∣ny wonders are told of this place, which in all pro∣bability are not true.

Maes, Mosa, a vast River in the Low-Countries; called by the French, la Meuse; and by the Dutch, die Maes: it ariseth in the Mountains of Vauge, (Vogesus) in Champagne in France; ten Leagues from Chaumont en Bassigny to the East: running North through Lorrain and the Dukedom of Bar, it washeth S. Michael, Verdun, Sedain, Charleville, and Maiers; then entering Namur, it washeth Di∣nant and Namur; at which it takes in from the West the Sambre: turning East it entereth the Bishoprick of Liege; and watereth Hoey and Liege, (where it takes in the Oure, Ʋrta, out of Lux∣emburgh on the East) Maestricht, and Maseyck: so passing to Roermond and Venlo, at Lettem in Guelderland he changeth his Course from North-East to North-West; and at Cuyck turns directly West: passing by Grave (a Town of Brabant,) Ratenburgh and Heusden, at Worckum he takes in the Vahal, or Wael, (a Branch of the Rhine) be∣neath the Island of Bommel, made by these two Rivers: so watering Gorcum, Dort, and the Briel, he falls together with the Rhine, into the Ger∣man Ocean: This is a noble, stately Stream; and has upon his Banks many great Cities, and fine Towns.

Maeseyck, Masacum, is a City of the Lower Ger∣many, in the Bishoprick of Liege; in the Coun∣ty of Losse, in the Borders of the Ʋpper Guelder∣land; five Leagues beneath Maestricht, three a∣bove Roermond, seven from Liege; and is a conside∣rable Place.

Maesland. See Masay.

Maestricht, Trajectum ad Mosam, Trajectum superius, is a City of Brabant; upon the Western Bank of the Maes, (which is here covered with a beautiful Stone Bridge, consisting of nine Arches) from whence it has its name, signifying the Passage over the Maes. On the Eastern Bank lies the Wyck, which is a Suburb to this City. The Bishops of Liege, and the Dukes of Brabant, heretofore di∣vided the Jurisdiction of this City between them: but the City was in the hands of the latter, and with that Dutchy passed to the House of Austria; who injoyed it, till 1632. when it was taken by the Hollander. In 1673. it was taken after a sharp Siege by the French. In 1676. the Hollander attem∣pted the reduction of it, without success: in 1678. they recovered it by the Treaty of Nimeguen. It is both walled, and covered with considerable out∣works, after the new Mode: towards the South-East, lies a Hill that riseth gently and overlooks part of the Town, under which is one of the noblest Quarries of Stone in the World: to secure the Town from any disadvantage it might receive from this Hill, the Bastion answering to it, is built very high: there is a Horn-work within Musket shot of it, and the Wyck is rather stronger than the Town. For the distances, see Maeseyck. The Bishops See was removed from hence to Liege, by S Hubert, in 713. Long 27. 12. Lat. 50. 50.

Maesta, Mapha, a City in Arabia Foelix.

Magadoxo, a City on the East of Africa, in the Kingdom of Zanguebar; which has a strong Castle, and a convenient Port. This City lies four hundred and fifty Miles South, from the Mouth of the Red Sea. In Long. 70 00. Lat. 02. 40. The Portu∣guese have treated it severely.

Magareb, the Atlantick Ocean.

Magdeburg, Mesujum, Parthenopolis, Magdebur∣gum, a great City and an Archbishops See, the Me∣tropolis of the Lower Saxony, upon the Elbe; the Capital of a Territory of the same name; a Hanse Town, and an Imperial Free City, ever since 940. Which still retains its Freedom and Liberty, though under the Protection of its own Archbishop, and the Elector of Brandenburg; who had the adja∣cent Territory assigned to him, with the Title of a Dukedom, by the Peace of Munster, after the death of the present Administrator or Archbishop. This City imbraced the Reformation in 1567. up∣on which account it has suffered very much since. It lies twelve Miles from Wittenburg to the North-West, a little more from Wolffenbuttel to the East, and nine from Halberstadt to the same. In Long. 33. 53. Lat. 52. 18. commonly called Meyd∣burg, that is, Maids-Town. Ptolemy calls it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; and most believe it to be the Mesuium in Antoninus; but however the present Pile was built by Otho I. Emperour of Germany, at the re∣quest

of Editha his Wife, Daughter of Edmund King of England, about 940. Which Lady was afterwards buried in this City. It was for some time the Seat of the Empire; fortified with Walls, Rampires, Towers, and a deep Trench; so that Charles V. in 1549. could proscribe and spoil its Territories, but not take it. In 1631. it was taken by Du Tilly, the Emperors Gene∣ral; being suddenly surrounded by an Army, when they did not expect it, nor had made those Prepara∣tions requisite, of Men, Victuals, and Ammunition; the want of which last was the principal cause of its being taken by Storm, May 10. after a Siege of great sharpness for fifteen Months: and being set on fire to fright the Inhabitants from the defence of it, the fire prevailed so far above the intentions of the Incendia∣ries, that the whole City was laid wast. The Duke of Saxony retook it in 1636. In 1666. it was again for∣ced, by the Arms of the Duke of Brandenburg, to ac∣cept Augustus Duke of Saxony for its Administrator or Archbishop.

The Archbishoprick of Magdeburg, now turned into a Dukedom, is a very small Province of Germa∣ny, in the Lower Saxony. Bounded on the North with the old Marquisate of Brandenburgh; on the East with the middle Marquisate; on the South with Anhault, and Halberstadt; and with the Dukedom of Brunswick on the West. The Capital of it is Mag∣deburg.

Magdeburg, a Castle of Germany, in the Upper Circle of the Rhine, in the Bishoprick of Spire; in 1517. sold by Ʋlricus Duke of Wirtemburg, to Phi∣lip Electoral Bishop of Spire. It is also called Ma∣denburg.

Magellanica, a Country in South America, of great extent toward that Pole. On the North it has the Countries of Cili, Tacumania, and Paragua; on the South the Streights of Magellan, and le Maire; on the West, the Atlantick; and on the East the Pacifick Ocean. This together with the Streights, took its name from Ferdinando Magalhaens, a Portu∣guese, who in 1520. in the name of the King of Spain discovered it. His Ship came home, but he was slain in the East-Indies: and this was the first Ship that ever Sailed round the Globe of the Earth; which has since been done by Sir Francis Drake, Cavendish, and seve∣ral others. Magellanica is little known, and less in∣habited by any of the European Nations for the pre∣sent.

Magi, the Philosophers and Priests of the ancient Persians, famous for their application to the know∣ledge of the Stars, and their introduction of a natural Theology from thence upon the belief of one Supreme Divinity. Their esteem in Persia was so great, that when K. Cambyses went in Person to the War in E∣gypt, he left the Government of his Estates in his ab∣sence to one of these Magi, called Patizithes; who after the sudden death of Cambyses, established by a cheat Smerdis, another Magus, Brother to Patizithes, upon the Throne of the Empire, in the room of Smer∣dis Brother to Cambyses.

Magiar, Hungary.

Magna-vacca, Caprusia, one of the Mouths of the River Po; which separating from the Branch cal∣led di Volana at Ferrara, falls into the Adriatick Sea at Comachio; between Po di Primaro to the South, and Po di Volana to the North.

Magnesia in Lydia, see Manissa. In Caria, see Mangresia. § Also an ancient Province of Macedo∣nia; and a Promontory, now otherwise called Capo Verlichi and Capo di San Georgio.

Magog, Persia.

Magonza, Moguntia. See Mentz.

Magra, Cinyphus, Macres, a River of Africa.

Magra, Macra, a River in Italy, which was here∣tofore the boundary of Liguria to the South. It ari∣seth in the Apennine Hills, in the limits of the Duke∣dom of Parma; and running Southward by Pontre∣moli, being augmented with the Verra, Ʋla, and some other, it watereth a Valley called by its own name; and passing through the States of Genoua, a little above Serezana, falls into the Ligurian Sea; sixty five Miles East of Genoua, thirty five North-West of Lucca. Lucan mentions this River in his Se∣cond Book.

Magarah, Pharos, a small, but celebrated Island near Alexandria in Egypt.

Maguelone, Magalone, an ancient Roman City in the Lower Languedoc; seated in a small Island in the Marshes so called, on the Mediterranean Sea; taken by the Saracens, at their Entrance into France by Aquitain, after their Conquest of Spain, in 730: re∣taken and destroyed by Charles Martel, about 735. or 736. for fear it should fall into the hands of the Saracens again. And it lay in its Ruins till 1075. when its Bishop took some care to revive it, but to small purpose. The Bishops See being removed in 1536. to Montpelier, this Town is almost totally de∣solate. It had formerly Counts of its own to be its Governours. But in 1215. P. Innocent III. invested the temporalities in the Church, because Raymond VI. Earl of Tholouse, then Earl of Maguelone, espoused the cause of the Albigenses.

Mahara, Nilus.

Maholech, Delta, the Lower part of Egypt, enclo∣sed by the Branches of the Nile.

Mahamora, a Fortress upon the Coast of the King∣dom of Fez, upon the River Suba; on the Coast of the Atlantick Ocean, in the Province of Fez; but on the Confines of that of Asgar. In Long. 10. 00. Lat. 33. 10. It has a good Harbor, of great Reception; and has been in the hands of the Portuguese ever since 1614.

Mahometa, or Machometa, Adrumetum, a City on the Coast of Africa, mentioned by Pliny, Mela, and Ptolemy. Heretofore a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Carthage: now a strong Town on the Mediterranean, in the Kingdom of Tunis; seated up∣on the next Bay to that of Tunis to the East, which is called the Gulph of Mahometa. This place is also called by the Arabs, Hamammetha. In the Year 394. a Council was held here, the Canons whereof are con∣fused amongst the Body of the Canons of the African Church. Long. 36. 40. Lat. 32. 40.

Majaquana, one of the Luccaye Islands, belonging to North America; between Hispaniola to the South and Samana to the North.

Maida, a Principality in the further Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples, near Nicastro.

Maidenhead, a Market Town in Berkshire, in the Hundred of Bray.

Maidstone, Madus, Vagniacae, is a fair, sweet, po∣pulous Town in the County of Kent, in Aylesford Lath, upon the River Medway, near its head, from which it has this name: There is a fair Stone Bridge built by the Archbishops of Canterbury over this River. Edward VI. Incorporated this Town, and granted it a Mayor; which was taken from them in Queen Ma∣ries time for favouring Wyat's Rebellion in 1554. But Queen Elizabeth restored them to their former State. In ancient times their chief Magistrate was called a Portgreve, from Grave an old German word still used by the Germans in Markgrave, Reingrave, and Landtgrave. Charles I. added another Honor to this Place, when in 1628. he created Elizabeth Finch, (Grandmother to the late Heneage Finch, Earl of Winchelsey, late Lord Chancellor of England) Vis∣countess of Maidstone, and Countess of Winchelsey, with an Entail upon her Heir Males: which Honors

are now possessed by Heneage Her Grandchild, the Se∣cond of this Family. Heneage, late Earl of Nottingham, and Lord Chancellor of England, was another of Her Posterity. This is the Town where the Assizes and Sessions are kept; with which honour, it has that of the Election of two Members of the House of Com∣mons.

Maienne. See Mayenne.

Majella, Nicates, a Mountain in Abruzzo, a Pro∣vince of the Kingdom of Naples; near the River Pes∣cara [Aternus,] as Holstenius affirms.

Maillezais or Mallezais, Malleaca, Malleacum, a small City in Poictou in France; seated in a Morass made by the Rivers Seure Niortoise, (which falls into the Bay of Aquitain) and the Hautize: The an∣cient Earls of Poictou and Dukes of Guyenne chose it for their Residence, and Founded in it an Abbey about the Year 1030. which by P. John XXII. in 1317. was changed into a Bishops See; but being little inha∣bited by reason of the badness of the Air, the Bishop∣rick was suppressed in 1649. and the City of Rochell substituted in its place by Pope Innocent X. It stands nine Leagues from Rochell to the North-East, and five from Niore to the South. Long. 19. 36. Lat. 46. 21. according to the last Maps.

Mailly, a Seigniory near Amiens in Picardy, giv∣ing name to an honorable Family of that Province.

Maina or Maines. or Braccio di Maina, a City on the South of the Morea, supposed to have been the ancient Leuctra or Tenarus in Laconia; on the East side of the Gulph of Coron; North of Cape Matapan, the most South Cape of the Morea. The Inhabitants are called the Mainotes; and have in this present War contributed very much to the driving the Turks out of the Morea, by serving in great numbers under the Ve∣netians against them. It is said it was a Common∣wealth before: but Coronelli in his late description of the Morea, assures us; it was a Fort built by the Turks upon the Ruins of Cersapolis, to keep these Mainotes under; who being impatient of the Turkish Slavery and extremely Warlike, had betaken themselves to the Rocks and Forests, and would pay no Tribute to the Turks: thereupon the Turks began to build the Fort of Maina: but Querini Captain of the Gulph for the Venetians in 1570. understanding their design, Land∣ed, and by the help of the Mainotes took this Fort, and ruined it entirely; by which means the Mainotes were preserved, and obliged to the Service of this State.

Main Amber, a noted strong Rock, nigh to Mounts Bay, in the County of Cornwall; mounted upon others of a lesser size with so equal a ponderation, that it may be stirred, 'tis said, yet not moved out of its place.

Maine, le Maine, Cenomanensis Provincia, is a great and fruitful Province in France; the old Inha∣bitants of which were the Cenomani Aulerci; its great∣est extent is from East to West: on the North it is bounded by Normandy, on the West by Bretagne, (This part is called the Lower Maine;) on the South by Anjou, and on the East by Le Perche. (This, the Ʋpper Maine; and of the two, the most fruitful and pleasant.) The Rivers Huisne, Sarte and Mayenne water it. The Principal City in it is Mans, the next Mayenne. Charles, the second Son of Francis Duke of Guise, being made Duke of Maine and after that General of the League against Henry III. and IV. of France, made this Province frequently mentioned in the Histories of France of those times. The Common Proverb of the People of this Province, is, Qu' un Man∣ceau vaut un Norman & demy; One Man of Maine is worth one Norman, and the half of another.

Main Land, Pomona, the Principal of the Isles of Orkney; which is twenty two English Miles long; and has a Town called Kirkwall, on the Northern Shoar for its Capital: its greatest extent is from East to West, and its greatest breadth about ten Miles.

The Mainotes. See Maina.

Maintez, Meintez. See Mentz.

Majorca or Mallorca, Balearium insulae, Palma Majorca, an Island in the Mediterranean Sea, on the Eastern Coast of Spain, over against the Kingdom of Valencia; at the distance of about sixty Miles between Minorca to the East, and Yvica to the West; which three Islands constituted the Kingdom of Majorca, so called from this, the greatest of them. Its Circuit is near one hundred and ten Miles: the Principal City is Mallorca, Palma, or Majorca, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragona, and a flourishing University, in which Raymundus Lullius taught, and his tenets are now ex instituto maintained. It is great, strong, and has a Haven belonging to it on the Western shoar of the Island. Long. 24. 40. Lat. 40. 00. The Maps place it in Lat. 38. 26. The Inhabi∣tants of this Island were of old famous Archers, from whence they were called Baleares; at first they went naked: being subdued by the Carthaginians, Anno Mundi 3500. they became more civilized, and served in the Carthaginian Wars against the Romans; till together with Spain they fell under that Republick in the Year of Rome 630. 521 Years before the Birth of our Saviour. The Moors were their next Masters; who crossing out of Africa took Possession of them about the same time they Conquered Spain. Raymund Earl of Barcelone, by the assistance of the Genouese, expelled the Moors in 1102: but the Genouese, as if they had repented this good Deed restored them again. In 1228. they were finally ex elled by James King of Arragon. This Prince in 1230. made James his Son King of Majorca; whose Posterity enjoyed this King∣dom till 1341. when James III. (the fourth King of Majorca) was slain in Battel by Pedro IV. King of Arragon; and ever since these Islands have been an∣nexed to that Kingdom. The Land on all sides to∣wards the Sea is Mountainous and Barren: inwards more Champain and Fruitful; affording sufficient Oil, Corn, Wine, and Fruits, to maintain its Inhabitants, who are estimated to be thirty thousand.

Maira, Merula, Macra, a River in Piedmont; which riseth out of the Alpes; and flowing through the Marquisate of Saluzzo, falls into the Po at Panca∣lieri, a small City nine Miles above Turino to the South.

Malabar, Malabaria, Dachinabares, a vast Pe∣ninsula, or Promontory of the Hither East-Indies: between the Arabick or Indian Sea to the West, and the Gulph of Bengala or Ganges to the East. Dr. Hey∣lyn bounds it on the North with the River Gangeraco; Baudrand with the Kingdom of Decam; Buno bounde it to the North with the Cape of Darame, ten Miles beneath Goa. Cluverius reckons up these Kingdoms in it; Calicut, Coulete, Cranganor, Cochin, Coulam, and Travancor: of which Calicut is the Supreme, and therefore stiled Samory by them, that is, the Great Emperor, and God on Earth. For its extent Dr. Heylyn gives it three hundred English Miles to the Cape of Co∣mori, (which he supposeth to be the Commaria Ex∣trema of Ptolemy;) and its greatest breadth fifty Miles at the North. Baudrand makes its length one hun∣dred French Leagues; and its breadth ten, or fifteen, which is too little. Cluverius makes it eighty Ger∣man Miles long, and forty five broad. All agree, that it is the most fruitful, populous, and temperate Re∣gion in the whole East-Indies. The Inhabitants are very fierce, savage, and go naked, except what Nature desires to have hidden. They have a hatred of theft. The Women take as many Husbands as they please, contrarily to the custom of the Plurality of Wives a∣mongst the Mahometans. It is also one of the most

ancient Kingdoms; for many Ages subject to one Prince; till about 900, Sarama Parymal being sedu∣ced by the Saracens left his Kingdom, and went and died at Meccha: and having no Children, parcelled out his Kingdom amongst his most faithful Servants. Cananor had a strong Castle in the hands of the Portu∣guese till 1663. when the Dutch expelled them: the Hollanders are also possessed of Cochin and Coulam. The rest is in the Possession of Indian Princes, whose Dominions are very small.

Malaca, Malacca, Aurea Chersonesus, a City and Kingdom in the Aurea Chersonesus, or most Southern Promontory of the East-Indies; between Sumatra and Borneo. The City stands on the Western Shoar; in Long. 127. 25. Lat. 03. 40. Subject to the King of Ihor, till the Portuguese in 1511. took it under Al∣phonsus Albuquerque, who made it an Episcopal City: In 1606. the Dutch besieg'd it in vain: but in 1640. the Dutch took it from them after a Siege of six Months. It is a celebrated Mart, has a large Haven, a strong Castle, and a River of the same name with the City; lying a Mile from it to the South-East. The Kingdom or Promontory of Malaca, which takes its name from this City, has the Kingdom of Siam to the North; and on all other sides is surrounded by the Ocean: it extends from one deg. of Northern Lat. to Queda, in six deg. Dr. Heylyn gives it two hundred and seventy English Miles in length: it is not of equal breadth: and being extremely hot and parched by the Sun, not very populous, or fruitful; but very rich by reason of the vast resort of all Nations for Trade. This was a part of the Kingdom of Siam, till 1258; when Parimisera and some other of the Javan Nobility be∣ing oppressed by their own King, fled to Sangesinga Viceroy for the Siamite; who receiving them kindly, was by them perfidiously slain: they erected in Sica∣pura this New Kingdom; which being soon reduced again by the Siamite, they built the Malaca; and got the Trade too from the former. The Moors join∣ing with them, they wholly revolted from Siam, (to whom they had submitted:) therefore that Prince in 1500. sent a Navy of two hundred Ships to reduce them; and thirty thousand Men with four hundred Elephants to attack them by Land: but Tempests and the disorders of his Soldiers made this Expedition miscarry. And in 1511. they fell into the hands of the Portuguese.

Malaca, Pangaeus, a Mountain in Thrace, near the City Philippi; at the foot of which runs the River Nestus.

Malaga, a City in the Kingdom of Granada in Spain; seated in a Plain on the Shoars of the Medi∣terranean Sea; twenty seven Leagues from Sevil to the South-East, the same from Cadiz to the East, and twenty four from Granada to the South West. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Sevil here∣tosore, now of Granada: a famous Port, much fre∣quented on the account of its Wines; and has the River of Guadalani on the West of it, with two strong Castles, and an excellent Magazine. Taken from the Moors by Ferdinando and Isabella, in 1487. after a very long Siege. In 1661. an Inundation of the Ri∣ver swept away one thousand and sixty Houses, drown∣ed two thousand Men, and made three thousand more unfit for Habitation. It was built by the Phaenicians, and is mentioned by Strabo and Pliny. Long. 16. 02. Lat. 36. 30. According to the Maps, Long. 12. 42. Lat. 36. 09.

Malatiah, Melitene, an ancient City in the Con∣fines of the Greater Armenia, upon the Euphrates; seventy Miles from Samosat to the North, and one hundred and fifty from Caesarea to the North-East. It is an Archbishops See. Long. 71. 00. Lat. 40. 32. Ac∣cording to the Maps 39. 52.

Les Maidives, Maldivae, called the Naldives by the Natives: there is an incredible number of them, extending in a kind of a streight Line from nine deg. of Northern Lat. to two deg. beyond the Line; and stretching from North-West to South-East, to the South-West of the Cape of Comori or Malabar. They are very fruitful, and populous; under one King, whose Residence is in Male, or Maldiva. Francis Pirard has written a particular Discourse of these Islands; said to be some thousands in number; and to extend three hundred Leagues in length: partly inhabited, partly not; that where the King resides is not above five Miles in compass; whose Revenue principally consists in the fifth part of all the fruits, and in the Confiscation of Wrecks. He assumes the style of Sultan, King of thirteen Provinces and twelve thousand Islands.

Maidon, Camalodunum, Camulodunum, a Town in Essex, in the Hundred of Dengy, upon the River Chelmer, on the Sea-shoar, on the South side of that Arm of the Sea called Idumanius, and about seven Miles distant from the Sea; between which and it lie two small Islands called Northey and Osey. This was the Royal City of Cunobelinus a British Prince; who lived in the times of Tiberius and Caligula, to whom one of his Sons fled. Aulus Plautius the Roman Ge∣neral here in the Reign of Claudius fought Caracta∣cus another of his Sons, and slew him in Battel. Clau∣dius coming over into Britain in Person, in the Third Year of his Reign, in the 43 Year of Christ, took this City; and was therefore called BRITANNICƲS. He made it a Roman Colony, planting in it a Regiment of old Soldiers; and ordered Money to be Coined with this Inscription, COL. CAMALODƲN. Cambden saith, from this Money, it is Collected this Expedition was in the twelfth Year of his Reign, fifty two years after the Birth of Christ. Certain it is, this City soon felt the fury of the Britains under Boadicia Qu. of the Iceni; who took and burnt it, and put all the Romans to the Sword, about the Year of Christ sixty three. Yet the Romans rebuilt it, as appears by An∣toninus. Edward the Son of Alfred, a Saxon King, finding it much ruined by the Danes, repaired and fortified it with a Castle. William the Conqueror had here one hundred and eighty Houses in the Tenure of the Burgesses; and eighteen wasted. In Mr. Cam∣bden's time it was a well inhabited Town; consisting of one Street of a Mile in length, built on the ridge of an Hill; and having a convenient Haven. Now not only a Corporation, which sends two Burgesses to Parliament; but also made a Viscounty the thirteenth of Charles II. and given to the late Earl of Essex.

The Maleas, are a People which live in the Moun∣tains of Malabar; towards the Confines of Coroman∣del, near the Dominions of the King of Madura. Amongst them there live many Christians of the old Conversion, called the Christians of S. Thomas.

Maleg, a River of the Ʋpper Aethiopia, which ariseth in the Kingdom of Damut; and receiving the River Anquet, after a Course of eighty Leagues, falls into the Nile in Nubia, below the Province of Fas∣culon.

Malaguette, Mallaguete, or Managuete, the Western part of Guiney in Africa, called by the Dutch, Tand-Cust; by the French, Cote des Graives; about 60 Leagues long, extending from the River Sanguin to the Cape of Palmes, which Cape se∣parates it from Guinea propria. It hath the re∣putation of a considerable place for the Pepper trade. First planted with some Colonies of French, and afterwards by the Portuguese, English, and Dutch.

Malemba, a Kingdom of Africa, betwixt the King∣dom of Angola and the Lake of Zembre.

Malespine, a Marquisate and Souereignty in Tusca∣ny, in Italy, near the States of Genoua: The same properly with the ancient principality (or now Duke∣dom) of Massa; belonging formerly to the Family of the Malespini, which since has been incorporated with the House of Cibo.

Malfi, Amalphis, or Amalphi, a City in the King∣dom of Naples, in the Hither Principato; honoured with an Archbishops See, and a Dukedom; but little, and not well inhabited. It lies on the North side of the Bay of Salerno; eleven from Salerno to the West, and twenty two from Naples to the South. The Em∣peror Lotharius II. in the War he undertook in the behalf of Pope Innocent II. against Roger K. of Sicily and Anacletus an Antipope, mastered and plundered this City. They pretend that here are the Bones of St. Andrew the Apostle, brought from Judea about the Year 1206; and that the Seaman's Compass was invented here by Flavio Gioïa an Italian, in 1300. P. Nicholas II. celebrated a Council here in 1059. in which the Dukedoms of Puglia and Calabria were confirmed to Robert Guichard, the Valiant Norman, for his Services in the expulsion of the Saracens. Long. 38. 35. Lat. 40. 52.

Malines. See Mechelen.

Maliapur, Maliapura, a City on the Coast of Coromandel, commonly called St. Thomas, as being the place of the Martyrdom of that Apostle, and an Archiepiscopal City; written also Meliapor: it was taken by the French in 1671. and deserted two years after. Long. 108. 50. Lat. 13. 12.

Malling West, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Aylesford Lath.

Mallorca. See Majorca.

Malmesbury, Maldunense Caenobium, a Town built on the Western Bank of the River Avon; the Capital of its Hundred; on the Confines of the Coun∣ty of Glocester, in the County of Wiltshire; which took its name and rise from Maidulph a Learned Irish Scot, who being highly admired both for his Piety and Learning, erected here a School and a Monastery; which Adelme his Scholar much improved; becoming after his death the Tutelar Saint of Athelstane King of England, who died in 938. after he had much en∣riched this Monastery by his Princely Donations: this Adelme was the first who taught the Saxons the La∣tin Poetry. No less honor is due to this Place on the score of William of Malmesbury, a Learned Historian for the Times in which he lived; which was about 1143. The Monastery thrived so well, that at the suppression of it by Henry VIII its Revenue was above eight hundred and three pounds the year. Whether its late Philosopher, Thomas Hobbs, has added to the Honor of this Place, by being born here, is left to the Judgment of Posterity. The Town is now a Corpo∣ration, represented by its Burgesses in Parliament; and in a tolerable Condition, by reason of its Clothing Trade. It has six Bridges over the River, being al∣most encircled therewith. A Synod was held at it in 705. or 707.

Malmugon, Malmoe, Malmogia, a City in Sca∣nia, in the Kingdom of Sweden; called by the Hol∣landers Elbogon, because it represents the Bent of the Elbow of an Arm. It was built in 1319. and has a safe Harbor over against Coppenhagen, on the Sound. In 1434. here was a strong Castle built by Ericus King of Denmark, the first Encourager of lasting Ar∣chitecture in this Kingdom. In 1658. it first came into the hands of the Swedes: in 1676. the Danes endeavoured the recovery of it by a Siege, but with∣out success; they did the like the year following with the like event. It stands four Danish Miles from Cop∣penhagen to the East.

Malpas, a Market Town in Cheshire, in the Hun∣dred of Broxton.

Malta, Melita, and Island belonging to Africa, in the Mediterranean Sea; by some taken for the Place where S. Paul suffered Shipwrack in the Year of Christ 58. Its length is twenty Miles, breadth twelve, cir∣cuit about sixty: which is its distance too from Pachy∣no, the most South-Eastern Cape of Sicily; one hun∣dred and ninety from the nearest Coast of Africa. Ta∣ken from the Saracens by Roger the Norman Earl of Sicily, in 1089. And was under the Kings of Sicily, till Charles V. granted it to the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem, (now called Knights of Malta from it) after they were beaten out of Rhodes, in 1530: that he might the easier protect Sicily from the Incursions of the Moors. In 1566 they began to build the Bourg, or principal City; after Solyman the Magnifi∣cent had in 1565. reduced the greatest part of the old Town into Dust, by a Siege of five Months, ma∣naged by Dragut his General, with the loss of twenty four thousand Men spent to no purpose on this small Island. There are sixty Villages in it, and three Ci∣ties; all seated at the East end, within the distance of eight Miles; which have two large Havens, divided by a Rock: on the Point stands the Castle of S. Hermes, to defend the entrance; against which the Turks spent twenty thousand Cannon Shot, and at last took it to their no great advantage. In the middle of the Eastern Haven stands the Castle of S. Angelo upon a Rock: this and Burgo quelled the fury of the Turks, and pre∣vented their Triumph over Malta. Though the Inha∣bitants exceed not twenty thousand, yet it is not able to supply them with Necessaries: but that the fertil Sicily is so near, from which they have much of their Provisions. They have some fresh-water Fountains; the Rain that falls they reserve in Cisterns; and have always three years Provisions beforehand, kept under ground. The Great Master of the Order of the Knights of Malta at present is Alarame de Vignecourt, chosen in Aug. 1690. The City Malta is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Palermo in Sicily, and the Residence of the Grand Prior of the Church; also now the Ca∣pital of the Island; which last honour formerly was enjoy'd by Citta Vecchia, another Episcopal City in the middle of Malta. Several small Islands adjacent, (the Principal, are Gozo, Comini, and Farfara) de∣pend upon the Grand Master, as their Soveraign. The illustrious Order of the Knights of this place, is com∣posed of eight Nations, (amongst which England was the sixth in rank) before the Reformation: To each Nation there belongs a Grand Prior: The Per∣sons incorporated are divided into three Estates of Knights, Ecclesiasticks, and Servans des Armes, or Esquires, all vowing celibacy. Some out of both the two first, have been known advanced to the Dignity of Cardinals; and the Sons of Kings and Princes have adorned the rank of the Knights. This Island produ∣ces no Wine, nor Corn; but Cotton, Oates, and deli∣cious Fruits in Plenty. § There is another Island Malta in the Adriatick, belonging to Dalmatia, and called by the Sclavonians Milet, by others Meleda. The Miletaeus Catellus, a Proverb for a Lap-dog, is derived from the little Dogs of this latter place, accor∣ding to Athenaeus. Long. 39. 25. Lat. 34. 40.

Malvasia, Epidaurus, an Archiepiscopal City of the Morea, on the Eastern Shoar, in the Province of Tzaconia; near the most South-Eastern Cape called Cape Maleo, built upon a Rock; which advanced po∣sition gives it an agreeable Prospect both by Sea and Land. This Rock is surrounded by the Sea on all sides. being only joined to the Continent by a Tim∣ber Bridge; yet has Nature provided it a fresh and clear Fountain of good Water, sufficient to serve the

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City, and their Gardens; it is approachable only on one side, that is, on the South; which is secured by a triple Wall of great strength. In the times of the Greek Idolatry it was famous for a Temple of Escu∣lapius, much frequented. It was ravished from the Greek Emperors by the Venetians and French, about the year 1204. The Emperors recovered it again from William a French Baron, to whom it was gi∣ven by the Latins: but he returning to Venice, free∣ly resigned his Right to that State; whereupon the Venetians sent a powerful Fleet, and regained the Possession of it, which they kept till the year 1537. when they were forced to surrender it to the Turks to purchase a Peace. In the times of the late Wars in Candy, the Venetians took this Town by Storm; plun∣dered, burnt, and then left it, after they had put most of the Inhabitants to the Sword, and carried away the Cannon: The Turks rebuilt it. General Morosini bombarded it in his way to Athens, Sept. 1687. Af∣terwards it was blockaded, then besieged. At last it surrendered to General Cornaro, Sept. 12. 1690. whereby the whole Morea stands now reduced under the Dominion of the States of Venice. They found in it seventy three Pieces of Cannon; and above one hundred and thirty Christian Slaves recovered their Li∣berty. Long. 50. 00. Lat. 38. 30.

Mamertini, an ancient People of the Island Sa∣mos, in the Icarian Sea: said afterwards to establish themselves at Messina in Sicily. Whence the Messe∣nii have the Name also of Mamertini, and the Sea adjacent of Fretum Mamertinum.

Mamotta. Arabia Foelix.

Man, Eubonia, Monaaeda, Monapia, Monavia, Mona, an Island in the Irish Sea; between Lanca∣shire to the East, and Ʋlster to the West. The Welsh call this small place Menow; the Inhabitants Maing; the English Man. It lies in length from North to South thirty Italian Miles; its greatest breadth is fifteen. It has seventeen Parish Churches; brings forth Flax, Hemp, and Corn in plenty; af∣fords more Cattle than they need, especially Sheep; they have no Fewel but Turff. In the middle it swelleth into Hills; from the highest of which (Scea∣full by Name) in a clear day may be seen England, Scotland and Ireland. The chief Town is Russin, seated at the South End of the Island, which has a Garrisoned Castle: it has also a Bishop, who is stiled Sodorensis, and is now under the Archbishop of York. This Island was first possessed by the Britains; after them succeeded the Scots, about the times of Honorius and Arcadius: these were driven out by Cuneda, (Grandfather of Maglocunus) stiled by Gildas, the Dragon of the Islands. Edwin, King of Northum∣berland, Conquered it next for the Saxons, about 618. The Danes being driven out of England by Harold, they were invited Hither by one Godred Cor∣van, who had been entertained in his flight in the Isle of Man. This Dane brought over his Country Men, three times successively invaded it before he could master the Inhabitants: but then prevailing, he became King of Man, soon after the time William of Normandy conquered England. This Race of Kings continued to 1270. about two hundred years: about which time Robert the King of the Scots, (ha∣ving succeeded Alexander, who had purchased the Hebrides of the King of Denmark,) made another Conquest of the Isle of Man, which was one of the last they gained the Possession of. After this sometimes the Scots, sometimes the English were Masters of it: till in 1340. William Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, (descended from Mary the Daughter of Reginald the last King of Man) finally drove out the Scots: and in 1393. sold it to William Scrope; who being beheaded for Treason, Henry IV. granted it to Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, about 1400. He likewise forseiting it, this Prince granted it to Sir John Stanley; whose Successor in 1486. was by Henry VII. created Earl of Darby: And in this Fa∣mily it still is. wi••h the Title of Lord of Man; be∣ing possessed by William Earl of Darby, the Grand∣child of James, who in 1651. was beheaded for his Loyalty to Charles II. After which the Rebels by force reduced the Island under them; it was restored to this Family in 1660. by Charles II. The Lan∣guage here spoken is different from that of all His Majesties other Dominions; being a mixture of Scotch, Irish, Danish and English: but the Southern part nearer to the Scotch, and the Northern to the Irish. The first Bishop of Man is said to have been Amphi∣balus in 360. There are great Chasms in the Succes∣sion till 1203. and again from 1396. In 1505. Hua∣mus became Bishop of it; from whom the present Bishop Dr. Levinz is the fourteenth, and the twenty ninth of those whose Names are Recorded. This Bi∣shop is no Lord of the Parliament of England, (tho presented to the King for his Assent Royal, and to the Archbishop of York for Consecration) by rea∣son he holds immediately, not of the King, but of the Lord of Man, to whom, under the Fief and Sove∣reignty of the King, belongs the Right of Nomi∣nation.

Manar, Manaria, a small Island, with a City on it; which is in the Hands of the Hollanders: it lies in the Streight, between the Island of Ceylon and the Coast of Malabar, in the East-Indies; and gives Name to that Streight. Long. 108. 30. Lat. 09. 33.

Manceaux, the People of Maine, a Province in France.

La Mancha, Lamitanus Ager, a Province in the South of New Castile in Spain: the Seat of the Ore∣tani, an ancient People of Spain, mentioned by Strabo and Pliny. It is divided into La Mancha d' Arragon, and La Mancha Cieca.

La Manche, Mare Britannicum, the French Name of the British Sea, lying between France and England.

Manchester, Manduessedum, a Town in the Coun∣ty of Warwick, mentioned by Antoninus: now a poor Village, of about fourteen Houses; one Mile from Atherstone to the South, and eight from Coven∣ventry to the North § Manchester, Mancunium, Manucium, a very rich, populous, and beautiful Market-Town, upon the East side of the River Spo∣den; near the Borders of Cheshire, at the South End of the County of Lancaster, in the Hundred of Sal∣ford; in which Thomas Lord de la Ware founded a a College. This was an ancient Roman City; and being ruined in the Saxon and Danish Wars, was re∣built by Edward the Elder, about 920. The College has been since refounded, and confirmed by Queen Elizabeth, and is still in being. There is also a Col∣legiate Church. Charles I. added another Honour to this Place, by creating Henry Montague Earl of Manchester, in 1625. which Honour is now possessed by Edward Montague, his Grand child, the third Earl of this family.

Mandignan, Hesperium Cornu, Cape Verde, the most Western Cape of Africa.

Mande, Mimatium, a City of Aquitain, in Lan∣guedoc in France; towards the Mountains of Seven∣nes, and the Fountains of the River Lot, [Olda:] which is a Bishop See, under the Archbishop of Alby; called by some Latin Writers Anderitum, and Gaba∣lum: the Capital of the Territory of Givaudan: four Miles from Jaoux, where are are the Ruins of that old City, out of which this we are speaking of sprung; being before only a Village, at the Foot of this Moun∣tain: ten Leagues from S. Flour to the North East,

fourteen from from Rhodez to the East. It stands in a mountainous, but fruitful Soil; and it is ho∣noured with the Bones of S. Privatus, a Martyr. The Bishop enjoys divers great Privileges, together with the Title of an Earl.

Mandinga, a Kingdom in Nigritia, in Africa, betwixt the River Niger to the North, and the King∣dom of Malaguette to the South: its Capital City bearing the same Name.

Mandou, a City and Kingdom in the Empire of the Great Mogul, in the East Indies.

Mandoua, a River in the Kingdom of Decam, which falls by the City of Goa, into the Indian Ocean. See Goa.

Mandrerey, a River in the Island of Madegascar: it springs in a Territory of its own Name, and greatned with the Currents of divers other Rivers, discharges it self into the Ocean at the North of the Island, near the Province of Carcanossi.

Manfredonia, Sepontum Novum, Manfredonia, a City in the Province called the Capitanato, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is an Archbishops See, and has this Name from Manfredus, King of Na∣ples, (Son of Frederick II. Emperor of Germany) who built it about the year 1256. Not above two Miles from hence, at the Foot of Mount Gargano, are shewn the Ruins of Sepontum, an old ruined Roman Town; the See of which was Translated to Manfredonia. It has a large Haven, a strong Castle; seated twenty five Miles from Nocera to the East, and twenty two from the Mouth of the River Ofanto, (Au∣fidus) to the North. Taken once by the Turks, in the year 1620. and miserably defaced, spoiled and ruined; since in some degree repaired; but the me∣mory of that Calamity has made it little, poor, and not much inhabited. A Provincial Council was as∣sembled at it in 1567. Long. 40. 10. Lat. 41. 40.

Mangalor, Mangalora, a City of the King∣dom of Bisnagar, upon the Western Shoar; which has a Castle, and an Harbour upon the Indian Sea; in a Tract called Canara, towards Malabar: Heretofore under the Portuguese. This may possibly be the same, with that the Ancients called Manda∣gara. Long. 105. 00. Lat. 12 30.

Mangresia, Magnesia, the Capital City of Caria, a Province in the Lesser Asia, near the River Maean∣der; whence it was called Magnesia ad Maeandrum, to distinguish it from some other Cities of the same Name. Before this it was called Thessaloce and An∣drolitia, as Pliny saith. It stands near Mount Thorax; seventy Miles from Smyrna to the North-East, and twenty six from Ephesus. Themistocles the Athenian died here in Banishment; and Antiochus, King of Sy∣ria, sixty three years before the Birth of our Savour. Long. 57. 00. Lat. 39. 00.

Manhate, the same with New Amsterdam, in North America, in New-Holland.

Manheim, Manbemium, a Fortress in the Lower Palatinate, where the Rhine and the Necker meet; grown up to a City, whereas before it was only a Village. Frederick IV. Elector Palatine, in 1606. fortified it. In 1622. the Spaniards took and dis∣mantled it. Being restored by the Treaty of Munster to this House, Charles Lewis, the last Elector, resor∣tified it. It stands three German Miles from Spire to the North, and as much from Heydelburgh to the West. It has a very strong Castle, called Friderichs∣bourgh: near it upon the Rhine lies another called Eichelsheim, now ruined; in which John XXIII. Pope was kept two years a Prisoner, after he was de∣posed by the Council of Constance. The French pos∣sessed themselves both of the City and Fortress, Nov. 13. 1688.

S. Manehu. See S. Meneboult. ••

Manifold, a River of Staffordshire.

Manille, Manilla, the same with Lusson.

Maningtree or Manytree, a Market Town in the County of Essex, in the Hundred of Tendring.

Manissa, Magnesia, a City of Lydia, in the Lesser Asia, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Smyrna; twenty four Miles from Smyrna to the North West. Now in a tolerable Condition under the Turks; and the Capital of a Province.

Manoa el dorado, a Town in South America, in Guiana; upon the Western Shoar of the Lake of Parime; concerning which the Indians report great things, but it was never yet seen by any European.

Manosque, Manuesca, a Town in Provence in France, in the Diocese of Sisteron, in a Plain, one League from the River Durance; belonging to the Order of the Knights of Malta, by the Concession the ancient Counts of Forcalquier, who had a Palace in it. Some would have it to be the Bormanicum of Pliny. Others, the ancient Alaunicum or Machao∣villa. There are divers Religious Houses there.

Manresa, Manrese, Minorissa, a small City in Catalonia, in Spain, upon the River Cardoner; (which a little lower falls into the Lobregat,) ten Leagues from Barcellona to the North. Once a Bi∣shops See.

Mans, Ʋrbs Cenomanorum, Cenomanum, a great, rich, populous City in the Duchy of Maine, in France; of old called Vindinum; seated upon the River Sartre, (where it takes in the Huisne,) ten Leagues from Alenson to the South, sixteen from ••ours to the North, and the same distance from Vendosine to the North-West. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tours; the Capital of Le Maine, and heretofore one of the most flourishing Cities of Gallia Celtica.

Mansfeldt, an Island in Hudson's Bay, in the Ter∣ra Arctica of America, discovered some time since by the English.

Mansfeld, Mansfeldensis Comitatus, is a County or Earldom in the Ʋpper Saxony; in the Landtgra∣vate of Thuring; between the Principality of Anhalt to the North, the Territory of Mersburgh in Misnia to the East, and Thuring, (properly so called) to the East and West. It is now sequestred in the Hands of the Elector of Saxony; but was before un∣der a Count of its own: whose Family being now divided into four Branches, each of them has the Right of Living, Hunting, and Fishing in this Coun∣ty; with that of Patronage, and two thousand Flo∣rins yearly Income; the Government is in the Hands of the Electors, for their security and payments. The chief Town is Mansfeld; which stands nine Miles from Maegdeburgh to the South, and Erfurd to the North; and sixteen from Gottingen to the East.

Mansfield, a good, large, well built and inhabited, Market Town in the County of Nottingham, in the Hundred of Broxtow. It stands in the Forest of Sherwood.

Mantale, an ancient Castle in the Territory of Vienne, in Dauphine: remarkable upon the account of a Council called, Concilium Monotalense, in 879. for the Election of Boson, King of Provence, Arles, and Burgundy.

Mante, Medunta, commonly Epitheted la Jolie, a City or great Town in the Isle of France; which has a Stone-Bridge over the Seyne; in the very Bor∣ders of le vexin: twelve Leagues beneath Paris to the West, and sixteen above Roan, to the South-East. Philip II. King of France died here in 1223. It heretofore enjoyed the Honour of the Title of an Earldom, and had a Cittadel which was destroyed by Henry IV. In 1376. Charles V. King of France; Founded a Monastery of the Celestines in it: besides which, it is adorned with a Collegiate Church.

Mantonea, a City in the Morea, in Arcadia; famous for the Death of Epaminondas, the celebra∣ted Thebean General, in the year of Rome, 391. It lies at the Foot of the Mountain Parthenius; twenty five Miles from Megalopolis to the North, and seven from Misitra, to the North-West. Now called Mandi, or Mundi.

Mantoua, Mantua, a very ancient City in Lom∣bardy in Italy; built three hundred years before Rome. It is the Capital of a Dukedom, and a Bi∣shops See under the Patriarch of Aquileja; but exempt from his Jurisdiction ever since 1453. A great and a magnificent City, seated within the Bosom of a Lake of the same Name, (made by the River Men∣zo) which contributes very much to its strength and security. In 1629. it was taken by the German Im∣perial Forces, and miserably impoverished: but soon after restored to its Duke by the Interposition of the French Court. It stands forty five Miles from Modena to the North, twenty from Verona to the South, and forty from Cremona to the East. This was the Country of Virgil, the great Latin Poet; who Celebrates the Fertility of its Fields in his Georg. 2. And of Tasso, the Italian. In the year 1064. the Election of Pope Alexander II. to the See of Rome, was confirmed in a Council here, a∣gainst Honorius II. an Antipope, set up by the Em∣peror Henry IV.

The Dukedom of Mantoua, is bounded on the East by that of Ferrara; on the North by the Terri∣tories of Verona, and Brescia; on the West by Cre∣mona, and the Dukedom of Milan: on the South by the Dukedoms of Modena and Mirandola. Said to be equal together with Montisferat, (which be∣longs to this Duke) to the Dukedom of Florence in extent, but not in Revenue; yet it is fruitful, and a∣bounds in Cattle. This Dukedom fell first into the Family of Gonzaga, (which now possesseth it,) in 1328. Lewis I. of this Line then slaying Passavino, the last of the Bonocelsi's, in the Market-Place; and assuming the Government into his own Hands, as Lord of Mantoua. John Francisco, the Fifth of the Line, was made Marquess of Mantoua, by Sigismond the Emperor, in 1433. Frederick II. the ninth of them, was Created Duke by Charles V. in 1530. Charles III. is the eighteenth of this House, and succeeded his Father Charles II. This Dukedom is thirty five Miles from North to South, and fifty from East to West.

Manata, the same with la Mancha.

Mar, a County in the North-East part of Scot∣land; extending in length from East to West sixty Miles; partly mountainous and barren, partly fruitful: on the North it has Murray and Buchan; on the East the German Ocean; on the South Mern and Angus; and on the West Athole. The River Dee enricheth the South, and the Done the North side of this County; yet is there in it no Town of great Note.

Maracaibo, or Marecaye, a City in the Province of Venezuela, in Castile d' Or, in the South A∣merica, upon a vast Lake of the same Name: well built, rich, populous, well traded, and enjoying the Benefit of an excellent Port, wherein the Spani∣ards build their Ships.

Maragnan, Marahim, Maranania, an Island on the Coast of Brasil; at the Mouth of the River Mi∣rary, which gives Name to the next Province to it. This was once planted with French; but in 1641. taken by the Hollanders, and since retaken by the Por∣tuguese. There is in it a Town called S. Lewis, with a Castle: and altho but a small Place, yet it is a Bi∣shops See, under the Archbishop of S. Salvador. Long. 332. 40. Southern Lat. 02. 10. § The River Xauxa in Peru is also called El Vio Maragnon. See Xauxa.

Marans, a Town upon the River Sicur Nior∣toise, in the pais d' Aulnis, in France, two Leagues from the Sea, and four from Rochelle. It stands in a Marsh, hath a Castle, and been often taken in the Wars by the Roman Catholicks and Huguenots.

Marasso, C. Delle Cacca, Haermaeum, the most Western Cape in the Island of Sardinia; lying Long. 32. 10. Lat. 41. 15.

Marata, a small Kingdom in North America, placed by Sanson near the New Kingdom of Mexico, and the Vermiglian Ocean.

Marathon, Marason, Marathona, an ancient City of Attica in Greece; famous in History for the De∣feat given by Miltiades with his Army of twelve thousand Athenians, to five hundred thousand Per∣sians, in the year of Rome 264. and the third of the seventy second Olympiad.

Marca d'Ancona, Picenum, Marchia Anconi∣tana, is a large Province, under the Dominion of the Church in Italy: bounded on the North by the Adri∣atick Sea, on the West with the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, on the South with the Apennine, and on the East with Abruzzo. It has this Name from Ancona, the prin∣cipal City in it. This was formerly the Seat of the Picentes; who for aiding their Allies (the Taren∣tines) against the Romans, were subdued, and made a Roman Province in the year of Rome 485. The City of Ancona being given to Pope Zachary by Luitprandus, King of the Lombards, about the year 741. his Successors in time gained all the rest of this Marquisate to it. This Country is so fruitful, that in the times of the Roman Empire it was called Picenum Annonarium.

Marca Hispanica, the Name of Catalonia, in the time of the Emperor Lewis the Debonnaire.

Marcha Trevisana, or Trivigiana, Euganei Po∣puli, Marchia Tarvisina, is a large Province of I∣taly, under the State of Venice. Heretofore much greater than now. Bounded on the South at present by the River Athesis, (now Adige,) and the most Northern Branch of the Po, called Fornaces; on the West with the Duchy of Milan; on the East with Friuli, and the Gulph of Venice; and on the North with the Alpes, which divide it from Tirol. In the time of Augustus, called Venetia, from its ancient Inhabitants; and one of his eleven Regions of Italy. The principal Towns and Cities are, Vincentia, Tre∣viso, Padua, Brescia, Verona, Crema, Bergomo. This Marquisate having suffered many Changes was about the year 1390. conquered by the States of Ve∣nice; who are at present in possession of it.

Marcana, Marea, Marca, Merca, a small City, in an Island of the same Name, in the Gulph of Ve∣nice; under the State of Ragusa; and not far from the Coast of Dalmatia; which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ragusa. The City is ruined; but the Bishoprick is still in being, and united to that of Trebinga, which is now under the Turks. It lies five Miles from Ragusa; the Island in which it stands, is about four in compass. The Town has not now above three or four Houses.

March, the most South-East County of the King∣dom of Scotland; on the East bounded by the Ger∣man Ocean, on the North by Lothaine, on the West by Twedale, and on the South by Tivedale and Northumberland; cut off by the River Tweed; upon the North Bank of which stands Berwick, the last Town of England; and more North, Coldingham, the Colania of Ptolemy. This is written Merch, and Mers.

La Marche, Marchia, a Town in the Dukedom of Barrois, in Lorain; in the Borders of Cham∣pagne; about three Leagues from the Fountains of the Maes to the South-East, and five from Mire∣court.

La Marche, or La Marche en Limosin, Marchia, a Province in Aquitain in France, which is great and fruitful. Bounded on the North with Berry, on the East by Auvergne, on the West by Poictou, and on the South by Limosin; to which it is sometime attributed, tho it is a distinct Province. It is divided into the Ʋp∣per and Lower Marche. Geieret is the principal Town in the former, and La Dorat in the other. The Rivers Vienne, Cher, Creuse, Gartempe, &c. derive their Springs from this Province. It gives the Title of an Earldom which was united to the Crown about 1531.

Marcianopoli, Marcianopolis, a City of the ancient Mysia, now in Bulgaria, commonly called Preslaw; it had this Name from Marciana, a Sister of Trajan; and and was a Bishops See, but is now an Archbishoprick, and in a flourishing State: twenty Miles from the Euxine Sea, on the Borders of Thrace; by the Turks called old Constantinople.

Marck, and Markishlandt, Marchia, by the French called la Mare, a Province of Germany, in the Circle of Westphalia; under the Dominion of the Elector of Brandenburgh, who succeeded to it as Heir to the Duke of Juliers: Bounded on the North by the Bishoprick of Munster, on the East by the Dukedom of Westphalia; on the South and West by the Dukedom of Mons. It hath the Honour of the Title of an Earldom. The chief Town in this Pro∣vince is Ham: it takes its Name from the Castle of Mark, near the said Town of Ham.

Marckfeldt, Marckfeldberg, Teracatriae Campi, a Tract of Germany near the Danube; in the Con∣fines of Austria and Moravia, towards Presburgh.

Marckpurg, Marcpurgum, Marcopurgum, a City of Germany, in Stiria; upon the Drave; thirteen Miles from Laubach to the North-East, and twenty two from Vienna to the South.

Marcomanni, Marcomades, Marcomates, a peo∣ple of the ancient Germany, whom Cluverius places betwixt the Rhine, the Danube, and the Necker; from whence they passed into Bohemia, together with the Sedusii and the Harudes; and made frequent Re∣volts against the Romans.

Mardike, a strong Fort in Flanders, built by the Spaniards; about one German Mile from Dunkirk to the West, and two from Gravelin to the East; not far from the Sea Shoar. It was taken by the French in 1645. and 1657. when it was put into the Hands of the English with Dunkirk: with which it was resigned back to the French, who have slighted and ruined it.

Marecchia, Ariminus, a River of Romandiola in Italy. It ariseth from the Apennine, not above four Miles from the Fountains of the North-East; and running Northwards, watereth S. Leo, S. Mari∣no, and Rimini: where it buries it self in the A∣driatick Sea.

Mareotis, a Canton of the Territory of Alexan∣dria, in Egypt, consisting of divers Villages; so called from the Lake Mareotis, watering it, which has since changed its Name to Lago di Buchiara. Ischyras the great Antagonist of S. Athanasius dwelt in a Village of this Country.

Margaias, a People in Brasil.

Margarita, an Island of South America, in the North Sea; eight Leagues from the Coast of New Andaluzia, and forty from the Island of S. Trinidada to the West. Long. 314. Lat. 11. First discovered by C. Columbus in 1498. and since mostly frequented on the account of the Pearl Fishery, from whence it has its Name. It is about forty French Leagues in com∣pass; very fruitful, but mountainous; watered by two Rivers, and adorned with the Town of S. Jago de de la Vega, and some Villages.

Margarita, Lero, an Island on the Coast of Provence, in the Mediterranean Sea; which, with its Neighbor S. Honorate, being taken by the Spaniards, was recovered by the French, in 1637.

Margiana, a large Province of the Ancient Asia, which lay betwixt Bactriana and Hyrcania: now for the most part contained in the Provinces of Khoesme and Charasan in Persia.

Margosest, Marcodava, a City of Walachia, upon the River Bardalach, eleven German Miles from Jazi to the South.

Marguerite, Margereta, a small River in Soisso∣nois in France.

Mariana, a Colony, and a City in the Eastern Part of the Isle of Corsica; which had its Name from Marius, the great Roman Consul; and is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Genoua. Heretofore very great and populous; seated upon a small River, which runs through it; but now it lies in Ruins; (therefore called Rovine di Mariana;) nothing be∣ing left but the Cathedral Church, which has no Roof neither; the Bishops See being removed to Bastia in 1575.

Marib. See Mecca.

Mariemberg, Mariae-berga, a Town of Germa∣ny, in the Ʋpper Saxony in Misnia; nine German Miles from Meissen, the Capital of that Province, to the South. This is one of the Mine Towns; seated in the Mountains, near Annaberg, in the Borders of Bohemia: built by Henry Duke of Saxony, in 1519. and still in the Hands of that Family.

Marienbourg, a Town in Hainault, in the Low Countries; built by Mary of Austria, Queen of Hungary, and Governant of the Low Countries, in 1542. and strongly fortified against the French; who nevertheless gained the possession of it by the Pyre∣nean Treaty in 1660. and dismantled it. This stands upon the River Aube; eleven French Leagues from Mons to the East, and four from Charlemont to the South-West.

Marienburgh, Mariaeburgum, called by the Poles, bork, by the Inhabitants, Margenburgh; is a strong City in Prussia Regalis, whereof it is the Ca∣pital, upon the River Nogat (a Branch of the Vistu∣la;) six German Miles from Dantzick to the North-East, and four from Elbing to the South-West. Heretofore the principal Seat of the Knights of Prus∣sia, who built it, and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary; the Castle, in 1281, the Town in 1302. Casimirus, King of Poland, took this City in 1460. The Swedes in 1625. The Castle was burnt in 1644. and restored to the Poles in 1655. by Treaty.

Marienburgh, or Marieburgh, the same with Queen's Town in Ireland. See Queen's County.

Mariendal, the same with Mergentheim.

Mariestadt, Mariaestadium, a new City in We∣strogothia in Sweden, between the Lakes of Wener and Neter; three German Miles from the former, and six from the latter. Long. 31. 19. Lat. 58. 27.

Marigalante, one of the Caribby Islands in South America, under the French: six Leagues from Guadeloupe, and ten or twelve from Dominco. Re∣commended for Fruitfulness.

Marignano, Melignanum, Meriganum, a Town in the Duchy of Milan, upon the River Lambro; in the middle between Milan and Lodive, ten Miles from either. Near this the Swiss were beaten by Francis I. in 1515.

Marinat, Scardus, a Mountain in Macedonia; it parts Servia, Albania, and Macedonia; and ends at the Euxine Sea, near Saramontin, the Borders of Romania. Drino, and many other Ri∣vers spring from it. In the Maps it is written Ma∣zinai.

Marish, Mariscus, Marus, a River of Transylva∣nia: it ariseth from the Carpathian Hills.; and passeth by Neumark, Radnot, Alba Julia, (or Weis∣senburg) Branksa and Lippa, to Segedin; where it ends in the Tibiscus. This is the principal River of Transylvania.

Mariza, Hebrus, a River of Thrace: it ariseth out of Mount Hebrus (which is a Branch of Mount Ma∣rinat,) in the Northern Confines of Macedonia, Ser∣via, and Bulgaria: where they all meet from two Fountains; and running East it watereth Phileba, (or Philippopolis,) Adrianople, and Ploutin; where it receives Copriza; and turning Southward, falls into the Archipelago, over against Lembro.

Mark. See Marck.

Market-Iew, a Market Town in the County of Cornwal, and the Hundred of Penwith.

Marieborow, or Marleburg, Cunetio, an ancient Roman Town; seated upon the River Kenet in Wilt∣shire, in the North-West Bounds towards Barkshire, upon the ascent of an Hill. In this there was a fa∣mous Parliament held for ending the Differences be∣tween the Barons and the King, in the fifty second year of Henry III. A. C. 1267. where were made the Sta∣tutes, called the Statutes of Marleburgh. The Parlia∣ment assembled in a Castle, which this place anciently had, belonging unto John Sans terre (as he was surnamed) afterwards King of England. It is still a Corporation, which sends two Burgesses to the Parlia∣ment: and hath withal the Convenience of Savernake Forest, and Aldburn Chase in its Neighbourhood. Charles I. at his Coronation, added another Honour to this place; by Creating James Lord Ley, (Lord Treasurer) Earl of Marleborow, February, 5. 1625. which was afterwards possessed by William, the fourth Earl of this Family (Grandchild to the first Earl) who succeeded Henry his Nephew, slain in a Sea-Fight against the Dutch, in 1665. The Lord Churchill enjoys this Title at present, by the Creation of King William.

Marlow Magna, a Market Town in Buckingham∣shire, in the Hundred of Disborough: probably so called for the Store of Marl or Chalk here dug up.

Marmara, Strymon, a River on the South of Macedonia; towards the Borders of Thrace; more usually called Stromona, and also Radnitz, and Iscar: it falls in the Archipelago at Amphipoli.

Marmora, Elaphonesus, an Island in the Propon∣tis, on the Coast of Asia; famous for Marble Quar∣ries: it is ten or twelve Leagues in circuit, with a City, the Capital of its own Name; and divers Vil∣lages inhabited by the Religious Caloyers. The adja∣cent Sea is called from hence the Sea of Marmora; which discharges it self on one side into the Pontus Euxinus by the Bosphorus Thracius, and on the other towards the South into the Aegean Sea by the Helle∣spont. The ancient Poet Aristeas adorned this Island with his Nativity. It communicates its Name to the three Neighbouring Islands, Avezia, Coutalli, Gadaro, called in general the Islands of Marmora, They all stand in a good Climate, abounding in Corn, Wine, Cattel, Cotton, and Fruit; inhabited principally by the Religious Greeks, and some Arabians. Ptolemy mentions Marmora by the Name of Proconnesus. Others call it Neuris.

Marmorica, the present Kingdom of Barca in A∣frica: it had heretofore for its Bounds Libya Propria to the East, and Cyrenaica to the West.

Marne, Matrona, a great River in France; which ariseth in Champaigne near Langres, in a Village called Marmote, in the Confines of the Franche Comte; and running North-West, watereth Langress, Chau∣mont, ••oynevil, S. Dizier, Chalons, and Meaux; then falls into the Seyne, two Miles above Paris.

Maro, A Valley, Marquisate, and Town upon the Confines of the States of Genoua: belonging to the Duke of Savoy.

Marocco, is both a City and a Kingdom in Africa, in the West Part of Barbary: the Kingdom of Ma∣rocco is a considerable part of Mauritania Tingitana; extended on the Atlantick Ocean from the River A∣bene, to that of Azamor: on the East it has the Ri∣ver Malava, (which parts it from Tremesen;) on the West the Atlantick Ocean, on the South Mount At∣las, and on the North the Kingdom of Fez. The Country is said to be very fruitful and pleasant; a∣bounding in Cattle, Fruits, Corn, Sugar, Oil, Hony, and whatever is useful to the Life of Man. Divided into seven Provinces; which are Guzzula, Sus, Ma∣rocco, Hea, Hascora, Daccala, and Tedles. The King takes the style of Emperour of Barbary and Marocco, King of Fez, Suz, &c. Hath a great number of Castles in this Kingdom; yet there is one kept by the Portugueze, two Leagues from A∣zamor.

Marocco, Marochum, Marochia, Marochium, the principal City, (which gives Name to the whole) called by the Spaniards, Maruccos; by the Italians, Marocho; is supposed to have been the Bocanum Hemerum of Ptolemy; once one of the greatest Cities in the World, and the ancient Capital of this Kingdom. It is seated on the South Side of the Ri∣ver Tansiff; an hundred and sixty Miles to the East, from the Atlantick Ocean, and ninety from the Borders of Fez: heretofore an Archbishops See, very potent; but the Royal Seat being many Ages since removed to Fez, it is hardly a third part of what it was: on the top of the Castle are three Globes of Gold, one hundred and thirty thou∣sand Barbary Ducats weight; which could never be taken away, (as the Inhabitauts pretend) because they are guarded by Spirits. This City stands in a fine Plain, five or six Leagues from the Mountain Atlas, encompassed with very high strong Walls, with twenty four Gates, which may be reckoned to contain one hundred thousand Inhabitants. It has a Fortress, a stately Palace Royal, and Colleges for Professors of the Sciences, with divers Mosques en∣riched with the Spoils of the Christian Churches of Spain. The Inhabitants glory in being Enemies to Christianity. Long. 09. 20. Lat. 29. 30.

Marogna, Marognia, Maronea, Ismaros, a City of Thrace; ••seated at the Mouth of the Ri∣ver Sconenus; three Miles from the Mouth of the River Mariza to the West, and the same distance from Asperosa to the East. Once a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Trajanople; but now be∣come the Archbishops See it self.

The Maronites, Maronitae, a particular Church of the Eastern Christians, dwelling principally about the Mountain Libanus in Syria, under a Patriarch of their own, who resides at a Monastery called Eden Canobin on the said Mountain; yet nevertheless there are of them in Tripoli, Zidem, Damascus, Aleppo, and Cyprus. Their Name is diversly derived: as from an Episcopal City of their Country, called Maronia, in S. Jerom: from the holy Monk and Priest S. Ma∣ron, whose Life Theodoret writes, and whose Disciples strenuously defended the Decrees of the Council of Chalcedon against the Eutychians. (This person, the Maronites say, built them a Monastery in the beginning of the Fifth Century.) Also from ano∣ther Maron, an ancient Monothelite. About the year 1180, William Archbishop of Tyre, their Neighbour and Contemporary, says, that they did the King of Jerusalem great Service in the Wars with the Sarazens, and exceeded then the number of forty thousand. Their Patriarch, assisted at the General

Council of Lateran, in 1215. under Pope Innocent the Third: since which, there have been several Em∣bassies and Treaties of Reconciliation betwixt the Roman See and them, under Pope Eugenius IV. in 1445. Pope Paul II. in 1469. Pope Clement VII. in 1526. and 1531. Pope Gregory XIII. in 1577. and 1584. Pope Clement VIII. in 1596. Pope Paul VI. in 1612. Their Patriarch assisted again at the Fifth Council of Lateran in 1516. They speak a mixture of the Syriack and Arabick Languages: but officiate Mass in Syriack only, using the Missal of S. Ephraem Syrus, and the Rites and Customs for the most part of the Greeks, excepting that they consecrate in Bread unlevened. Pope Gregory XIII. Founded a College for their Youth at Rome.

Maros. See Marish.

Marotto, Misa, a River in the Marquisate of Ancona.

Marpnrg, Amasia, Marpurgum, a City of Ger∣many, in the Landtgravate of the Upper Hassia: at the Head of the River Loghne, (which falls into the Rhine, a little above Coblentz) eleven Miles from Franckfort on the Maine, to the North; twelve from Cassel to the North-West, and twenty from Cologne to the South-East. It has a strong Castle built on a Hill; heretofore a Free and an Imperial City, but long since exempted: for some time put under the Dominion of a Prince of its own, now under the Do∣minion of the Landtgrave of Hesse Cassel. Here was an University opened in 1535. which is now in some repute. This City was taken by the Imperialists in 1647. But the Castle holding out, they plun∣dered and deserted it. The Marquess of Baden in this City narrowly escaped Death; his House having seven Cannon at once fired at it. Some would believe it to be the Mattium of Tacitus, and the Mattia∣cus of Ptolemy.

Marsal, Marsalium, a small, but strong Town, in the Dukedom of Lorain in France; upon the River Seile, in a Marsh; five Miles from Nancy: which stood a Siege of thirty four days, in 1663. a∣gainst the Forces of Lewis XIV. So strong both by Art and Nature, that it was thought it might have cost many Months to reduce it.

Marsala, Lilybaeum, a City in Sicily, seated upon the most Western Promontory of that Island; (which had of old its Name from this City; but is now called il Capo Boco.) Built by the Romans; a magnificent populous Town; and well fortified a∣gainst the Turkish Pirats. It stands fifty Miles from Palermo to the South, twelve from Trapano, and one hundred and sixty from the nearest Coast of Africa. Near this City, the Romans, under Attilius Regulus, gave the Carthaginian Fleet a very great Defeat There is a little River that runs near it, called by the same Name. Long. 36. 03. Lat. 36. 40.

Marsan, Marsianus Ager, a small Tract in Gascogne: the principal Town has the same Name; which lies sixteen Miles from Dax to the North-East, and from Bourdeaux to the South. This Territory is watered by the River Midcux, and hath been a Vis∣county above six hundred years.

Marsaquivir, a Spanish Port upon the Coast of Barbary, in Africa, near Oran.

Marseilles, Massilia, Masalia, Phocais, a City of Provence in France, upon the Shoars of the Medi∣terranean Sea; seventeen Miles to the East of the principal Mouth of the Rhosne, and fifteen West of Toulon. It is a great, rich, populous City; and now in a thriving condition; the Suburbs having been lately added to it. So very ancient, that it is supposed to have been built by the Phoenicians. Justin saith, it was built by the Phocians, in the Times of Tarqui∣nius, King of the Romans; who in their way thithe, contracted an Alliance with the Infant City of Rome; and did great things in their Offensive and Defensive Wars against the Barbarous Galls. That, the Soil of their Country being barren, they were forced to de∣pend more upon Navigation than Agriculture for their Subsistence; and would now and then exercise the (then thought innocent, if not glorious) Trade of Piracy: which led them round about Italy, to the Mouth of the Rhosne: and the pleasantness of the place allured them to go and settle there; where they were kindly treated by the Galls; the King granting them leave to build the City, and marrying his Daugh∣ter to their General. That, these were the great Ci∣vilizers and Instructors of the Galls in Learning, Arts, and Architecture. After this they managed some Wars against the Ligurians: and became formi∣dable to all their Neighbours: having great success, till they interposed in the Quarrel between Caesar and Pompey; being in this more Loyal to that State, than prudent in the estimation of their Forces: for they pretended to interpose between those they were not able to force; and consequently fell a Victim to the Fortunes of Caesar, whose Army left them no∣thing but their Liberty. This Calamity befel them about forty two years before the Birth of our Saviour. They recovered again as great an esteem as ever. Ta∣citus informs us, that in his time it was a place where the Grecian Affability and the Provincial Thrift were rarely mixed. In the Fall of the Roman Empire, this City became a prey to the Goths and Franks: but in what Times I cannot assign. In 1243. after the Goths were expelled, it was put under Counts of its own; and continued so till 1481, when it returned to the Crown of France: during the time it was under these Counts, about 1423. it was taken by Al∣phonsus, King of Arragon. In 1524. it withstood the furious Assaults of Charles Duke of Bourbone. But the height of all its modern Glory was its sustain∣ing the mighty Forces and great Valour of Charles V. in 1536. Since the settling Christianity here, it has ever been a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Vienne formerly, now of Arles. Its first Bishop being said to be S. Lazarus, whom Christ raised from the dead. That which has in all times continued to its conti∣nuance, is, its excellent, safe, large Harbour; and the Fertility of the Soil it stands in; being other∣wise not the best seated for Traffick, there being no Navigable River near it but the Rhosne, which is at some distance. Long. 26. 22. Lat. 42. 18.

Marshfield, a Market Town in in Glocestershire, in the Hundred of Thornbury.

Marshland, a Tract in the County of Norfolk, nigh Lyn Regis, on the other side of the River Ouse, so called from its being a Marsh. There are seated several Towns in it, which in recompense for the want of fresh Water and their Liableness to the Inunda∣tions of the Sea, enjoy a Soil exceeding fat, and feeding abundance of Cattle. § There is another such Tract in the West Riding of Yorkshire, about fif∣teen Miles in circuit: called also Ditch-Marsh, and excellent for the same use.

Marsi, an ancient People of Italy, in the Pro∣vince now called the Further Abruzzo, in the Kingdom of Naples, towards the Patrimony of S. Peter: whose Name is still preserved in a Territory there, called the Dutchy of Marsa. The Marsick War in the year of Rome 663. and their killing of all the Ro∣mans in the City Asculum, together with Q. Servi∣lius Proconsul, and Fronteius, render this People memorable in History. § Also a People of Ger∣mania Antiqua, mentioned by Tacitus: of whom Ortelius fancies, there are some Footsteps remaining in the Village Detmarsen, in the Province of Over-Yssel, in the United Netherlands.

Marsico, Marsicum, a City in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Hither Principate; called New Mar∣sico, to distinguish it from another Town of the same Name in that Province. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Salerno; of little circuit, but well peopled and built; seated upon an Hill, at the Foot of the Apennine; near the Fountains of the River Agri, (which washeth Marsico, Vecchio, and then falls into the Bay of Taranto, in the very Bor∣ders of the Basilicate;) six Miles from the last na∣med Town to the West, and fifty five from Salerno to the North. The old Marsico stands eighteen Miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea; and sensibly decays, being inhabited but by a few.

Marsley Hill, a Hill in Herefordshire, whereof Mr. Cambden, and Mr. Speed relate a Story; That, on Saturday, Feb. 7. 1571. about six a Clock in the Evening, it moved with a roaring noise from the place where it stood, and by seven the next Morn∣ing had gone about two hundred Foot, continuing its Travel three days together; That, Kinnaston-Chappel hereupon fell down, with some Trees, Hedges, and Coats for Sheep, and some stood; That, two High-ways were turned about three hundred Foot from their former Paths, the East Parts to the West, and the West to the East; Pasturage being left in the place of Tillage, and Tillage of Pastu∣rage.

Marta, Martha, a River ascribed by Antoninus to Hetruria, now in the Dominions of the Church: it ariseth out of the Lake di Bolsena (Lacus Volsi∣niensis;) and running Southward by Tuscanella, (a small City in S. Peter's Patrimony, the Walls of which it washeth) it falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea beneath Cornetto, another City of the same Province; twenty two Miles from Viterbo to the South. There is a Town of the same Name, seated upon this River, where it breaks out of the Lake; twelve Miles from Viterbo.

Martaban, Martabanum, a City of the Further East-Indies: on the Shoars of the Bay of Bengala; which has a convenient Port: under the King of Pe∣gua, tho it has had Kings of its own; till of late it was conquered, and very ill used. The Kingdom be∣longing to it lies between that of Pegua to the North, and Ligor, a Promontory of the Kingdom of Siam, to the South.

Martegues, or Martigues, Maritima Colonia, a Sea-Port Town in Provence, built in 1239. upon the Lake of Berry, at the distance of one Mile from the Sea, betwixt which and the Lake a Communica∣tion is made by Ditches so surrounding and dividing the Town, as it were into three several small Towns, (called Fonquieres, L'isle and Ferrieres,) which are passed from one to another upon Bridges, that Mar∣tigues hath therefore the Name of the Venise of France. Those Fosses are thought to be Works of the Romans. Martigues also was of old a Viscounty, and now a Principality enjoyed by the House of Ven∣dosme.

Martel, Martellum, a small City in the Province of Quercy, near the River Dordogne; seated on a Hill in the Confines of Limosin; six Leagues from Sarlat to the East, and as many from Tulle to the South.

Martimos, Marithae, a Ridge of Mountains in the South of Arabia Foelix; not far from the Shoar, and the Fountains of the River Liris; mentioned by Ptolemy.

S. Martin, a great Village in the Isle of Rade, in Soisonois in Reims.

S. Martin, one of the Antille or Leeward Islands, which was under the French.

S. Martin de Re, a Fort in the Isle of Ré; near which the English received a great Defeat from the French, in 1627.

Martinique, M••danina, an Island in the West-Indies, which is one of the Antilla's; forty five Leagues in compass, very fruitful, and well peopled, and well watered by Rivers. It having been in the Hands of the French ever since 1635. The Dutch attempting it in 1674 were repulsed. Long. 315. ••••. Lat. 12 10.

Martiopoli. See Marcianopoli.

Martpurg. See Marpurg.

Martorano, Martoranum, a small City in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Hither Calabria, but in the Borders of the Further Calabria; six Miles from the Shoars of the Tyrrhenian Sea, and fourteen from Cosenza; in a declining state, and inhabited but by a few; tho it is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cosenza. The River which runs by it is called il Savuto: it is thought the old Name of this City was Mamertum.

Marubeni. See Marogna.

Marueccos. See Marocco.

Maruege, Maruejols, Marengium, a small City in the Province of Languedoo, in the Territory of Gi∣vaudan; upon the River Colange, towards the Borders of Rouergne: seven Leagues from S. Flour in Au∣vergne to the South; and almost four from Mende (the Capital of Givandan) to the West: some write it Marologium.

Maryland, a considerable Country and Colony of the English in the North America, in forty deg. of Latitude. Bounded with Pensylvania, New-England, and New York to the North; with the Atlantick, and De la Ware Bay to the East; the River Potomeck, which divides it from Virginia, to the South; and the Indian Territories to the West. It contains ten Counties. The Capital Town of all is S. Maries, which is well built and provided with a convenient Harbour for Shipping.

Masandran, Hyrcania, a Province of the King∣dom of Persia, upon the Caspian Sea (which is call∣ed the Masandran Sea also from this Province, as it was before the Hyrcanian Sea.) There is a City in this Province of the same Name.

Masano, Massalia, a River in the Isle of Candy or Crete.

Masay, Misauci, Pagus Mosanus, a Canton a∣mongst the Grisons, called by the Inhabitants, Mae∣slandt.

Masbate, one of the Philippine Islands; which is under the Spaniards.

Mascalate, a City in Arabia Foelix; about six∣ty Miles from the Shoars of the Persian Gulph; which is the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name. Long. 85. 10. Lat. 24. 10.

Mascate, a City, together with a Sovereign Prin∣cipality, on the South-Eastern Shoar of Arabia Foelix, upon the Gulph of Ormus; which has a convenient Haven, and a strong Castle built by the Portuguese, who for a long time were Masters of it, but some few years since were beaten out by the King of Mascate. Long. 94. 00. Lat. 24. 27.

Mascon, Matiscona, Matisco, a City of France, in the Dukedom of Burgundy; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lyon; and has a Territory belonging to it of the same Name. It stands upon a rising ground, upon the River Saone; in the Borders of the Province of Bresse; and it has a Stone Bridge over the Saone. Eleven Miles (saith Bau∣drand) from Lyon to the North, and Challon to the South. Long. 26. 07. Lat. 46. 00. according to the newest Maps.

Le Masconois, is a small Territory in the South part of the Dukedom of Burgundy, to which it is annexed for ever: whereas heretofore it had Counts of its own: it lies between the Territory of Chal∣lon to the North, Beaujolois to the South, La Bresse to the East, and Foretz to the West.

Maseyck. See Maeseyck.

Masfa, a City in Arabia Foelix, in the inland parts; three hundred Miles from Ormus, and two hundred from Mascate to the West. The same with that which was called of old Maspha, as some think; and now the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name. Long. 90. 00. Lat. 23. 00.

Masham, a Market Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Hangeast, upon the River Youre.

Masiers, Maderiacum, a strong City in the Pro∣vince of Champaign; seated upon the East Side of the Maes, which almost surrounds it; about half a League from Charleville to the South-East, four from Sedan to the West, six from Bouillon to the North, and fifteen from Namur to the South. It is now in a thriving state.

Masotto, the same with Masano, a River in Candy.

Masovie, Mazovia, a Province in the Kingdom of Poland, (the Capital of which is Warsaw) cal∣led by the Poles Mazowskie; by the Germans, Masaw; and by the French Masovie: On the East it has Lithuania, on the North Prussia, on the West the Greater Poland, and on the South the Lesser Po∣land. It is divided into four Palatinates; which have their Names from the Cities of Mazow, Ploczko, Dobrin, and Podlach. This was once a separate and independent Dukedom: which submitted to the Crown of Poland, under Casimir the Great: but continued under its own Duke, till the year 1526. when upon the Death of John and Stanislaus, (the two last Dukes,) it was united, under Sigismond I. King of Poland, to that Kingdom.

Massa, or Massa di Carrara, Massa Carraiae, a Town in Italy; between the Dukedom of Florence, and the State of Genoua; great and well peopled; lately adorned with the Title of a Dukedom, it be∣ing also a small Sovereignty: twelve Miles from Sa∣rasana to the South-East; twenty five from Lucca to North-West; and three from the Shoars of the Tyr∣rhenian Sea. Most famous for its excellent Quar∣ries of Marble.

Massa di Sorriento, Massa Lubrensis, a City in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Sor∣riento; small and not much inhabited. It stands twenty Miles from Naples to the South, on the op∣posite Shoar of the Bay of Naples; and about nine from the Town of Capri to the North-East. Built in 1465. in a place of great height, and natural Strength.

Massa, Massa Veternensis, a small City in the Territory of Siena in Italy; within five Miles of the Tyrrhenian Sea; thirty five from Siena to the South-West, and twenty from Piombino to the North-East: made a Bishops See, under the Archbi∣shop of Siena, in the stead of Populonium, (a ruined City on this Shoar, called Porto Barbato;) yet it is very small. Built upon a Hill, under the Dominion of the Duke of Florence.

The Dukedom of Massa, is a small Territory be∣tween the States of Genoua to the West, the Duke∣dom of Florence to the North, the States of Lucca to the East, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the South; un∣der its own Duke, who is of the House of Cibo; whereas before, it was but a Principality. The prin∣cipal places are Massa, and Cararia; which last, though very small, is a Marquisate; and lies five Miles from Sarasana to the South, thirty from Pisa to the North.

Massagetae, an ancient Scythian people. Some place them about the Palus Moeotis, and the Euxine Sea. Others towards the Mountain Imaus, and the Country now called Zagathai in Tartary. They dwelt in Tents, and sacrificed to the Sun.

Masserano, Massoranum, a small Town in Pied∣mont; upon a Hill, sixteen Miles from Iurea to the East, and eight from Vercelli to the North. This is the Capital of a Principality, under its own Prince, who is under the Protection of the Pope: He has Crevacore and some other places of small impor∣tance.

Masulepatan, Musulepatanum, a City and Sea-Port in the Hither East-Indies; on the Shoars of the Bay of Bengala, in the Kingdom of Golconda; which has a convenient Harbour and a Castle; heretofore in the hands of the Portuguese.

Mataca, a Bay on the North side of the Island of Cuba, in America: where all the Spanish Galeons, in their return to Spain, touch for Water; and where the Dutch defeated a Fleet of those Galeons, richly laden, in 1627.

Mataman, a Kingdom of Africa, to the West of the Aethiopick Ocean, betwixt Caffreria and the Kingdom of Angola; and towards the River Verte.

Matan, one of the Philippine Islands, in the East-Indian Ocean; where the famous Magellan, some say, died. It had heretofore Kings of its own, till the Portugueze expelled them. But of late the Natives have expelled the Portugueze.

Matane, a Country in Africa, East of the Island of Madagascar; where the French have, some time since, established Colonies.

Matapan, Taenarus, the most Southern Cape of all Europe, in the Morea, provided with two good Ports: betwixt which, the Turks in 1570. built a Fortress to bridle the Mainotes, called Castro di Maini. But the Venetians soon after destroyed it, to favour the Mainotes with their Liberty again.

Mataya, a Province towards the River of Ama∣zons, in South America; betwixt the Mouth of the Rivers Madera, and Tapaysa, where they both fall in∣to the River of Amazons.

Matayone, a Dutchy in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples: supposed to be the Magdalo∣num, or the Meta Leonis, of the Ancients.

Matera, Mateola, a City in the Province of O∣tranto, in the Kingdom of Naples; in the Borders of the Basilicate, and of the Territory of Bari; upon the River Canapro; seated in a Valley, surrounded on all sides with Mountains. This is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bari; and now in a very good state: it stands thirty six Miles from Taranto to the North-West, and twenty five from Bari to the South-West. Long. 40. 45. Lat. 40. 42.

Materan, or Materaw, Materanum, a great City on the South Side of the Isle of Iava, in the East-Indies; one hundred Leagues from Bantam to the East. The Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name, of great extent from East to West. And once the Capital City of the whole Island of Iava. Long. 135. 40. Southern Lat. 8. 20.

Matharee, or Matheree, a sweet and delicious Seat, two Leagues from Cairo, in Aegypt: concerning which, the Cophtite Christians entertain a Tradition, that the Blessed Virgin with the young Child reposed, for some time, there, in their flight from Herod into this Kingdom.

Matin, Mathis, a River of Macedonia, which falls into the Gulph of Venice, near Durazzo.

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Matique, Matica, a Province in Florida, towards the Apalatean Hills.

Mat••agia, Messene, a very ancient, but ruined City in the Morea; on the Southern Shoar towards the West.

Matzuma, a Country in the Land of Jesso, lately discovered by the Hollanders; between Japan and Tartary; which has a City of the same name. See Jesso.

Maudre, Modre, Maldra, a small River in the Isle of France, which ariseth near Montfort, and falls into the Seyne at Mayenne.

Maulcon, a Town in Biscay.

Mauleon de Soule, Malleo, Mauleosolium, a Town in the Pais des Basques, in France. The Capi∣tal of the Viscounty of Soule.

Mauli, a River in Sicily. See il fiume di Ra∣gusa.

Mau••ve. See Mauve.

Mauren-Haer, Sogdiana, a Province on the North-East of Persia.

Mauriac, Mauriacum, a Mountain in Auvergne.

Maurice, Mauritia, a City in Brasil in Pernam∣buck; built by John Maurice, Prince of Nassaw, in 1644. The Capital of the Dutch Plantations in those Countries; afterwards taken by the Portuguese. This City stands upon the River Biberibi, a little above its Mouth; two Spanish Leagues from Olinda to the South: and has a safe Port near Reciff. It was called by the Dutch Mauritzstadt.

Maurienne, a Valley or Province of Savoy, ex∣tended from the Alpes to the River Isere on the one side, and from la Tarantaise to Dauphine on the other. Its Capital City is S. Jean de Maurienne, an Episcopal See, upon the River Arche. This Valley has been honoured with the Title of an Earldom a∣bove six Ages since; and some are of opinion, that it anciently was the Seat of the Brannovices mentioned by Caesar.

Mauritania, an ancient large Region of Africa, which now lies contained within the Western part of Barbary. They divided it into Caesariensis, Tingi∣tana, and Sitifensis. Mauritania Caesariensis had Getulia to the South, the Mediterranean Sea to the North, Tingitana to the West, and Sitifensis to the East: and is now almost wholly included in the West of the Kingdom of Algiers. Mauritania Tin∣gitania was bounded, on all sides, by the Atlantick and Mediterranean Oceans, together with Caesarien∣sis and Getulia: And in the time of the Emperour Constantine, was called by the Spaniards Mauritania Transfretana. The name of Tingitana came from the City Tingi, now Tangier. Mauritania Sitifensis had for its bounds Numidia to the East, Caesariensis to the West, the Mediterranean to the North, and Gaetulia to the South. And the Eastern part of the present Kingdom of Algiers stands in this Mauritania.

Mauritz-Mylandt, Cygnea, an Island in the Ae∣thiopian Sea, upon the Coast of Africa; called Do∣cerne by the Portuguese, who first discovered it. See Isle Maurice. Long. 80. Lat 20. South.

Mauritzlandt, a part of America Magellanica, in the Land of Fire; on the South of the Streights of Magellan: most extended to the East of those Streights, and first discovered by the Hollanders in 1616. It had this name from the Prince of Orange, who occasioned the Discovery.

Maurothalassa, the Euxine Sea.

Maurum, Taurus, a Mountain in Asia.

Mauve, Malva, a small River in the Dukedom of Orleance, which falls into the Loyre at Mehun, four Leagues beneath Orleans to the West. Baudrand writes Mau••ve.

St Maws, a Borough and Market Town in the County of Cornwal, in the Hundred of Powder, retur∣ning two Members to the House of Commons.

Maxi, Loryma or Laryma, a City of Caria, in the Lesser Asia, over against the Isle of Rhodes; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Rhodes; from whence it stands twenty Miles to the North.

Mayence. See Mentz.

Mayenne, Meduana, a fine City in the Province of Maine, upon the River Mayne; six Leagues from the Borders of Normandy towards Anjou, twenty Miles from Angiers to the North, the same distance from Dol in Bretagne to the East, and from Rennes to the North-East. This City is honoured with the Title of a Dukedom.

Mayn, Meyn, Moenus, a River of Germany; which ariseth from a double Spring in Mount Fich∣telburg, called Meiss-Mayn, (White Mayne,) and Rot-Mayn, (Red Mayn;) which two uniting in one Stream at Culembach, and flowing Westward near Bamberg, it receives the Rednitz, Wareres, Swinefurt, Wurtsburg and Vertheim; then cutting Franconia into two parts, it passeth by Asburg and Franckfort, (augmented with the Saal, Tauber, and some smaller Rivers) into the Rhine; near, but above Mentz. Gustavus Adolphus laid a Bridge of Boats over this River, which has not been-since conti∣nued. See Mentz.

La Mayne, Mayenne, or Majene, Meduana, a River of France; which ariseth in the Territory of Seez, in the Borders of Normandy; and flowing South through Maine, watereth the City of Mayenne, La Val, the Castle of Gontier, where it entereth Anjou: and a little above Angiers, being augmented with the Sartre and the Loir, it falls into the great Loire above Nants, twelve Leagues to the East.

Mayo, Maii Insula, an Island on the Coast of Africa, in the Atlantick Ocean; one of those that belongs to Cape Verde; and famous for its Salt Works. It is under the Portuguese. Long. 366. 4. Lat. 50. 00. North.

Mayo, Majensis Comitatus, a County in the West of Ireland, in the Province of Connaught; bounded on the West by the Ocean, on the South with the County of Gallway, on the East with that of Rosco∣men, and on the North with Slego. It is a fruitful pleasant County, rich in Cattle, Deer, Hawks and Honey: taking its name from Mayo, a small City, and a Bishops See, (in the Roman Provincial called Mageo;) but the Bishoprick is annexed to that of Tuam; and the Jurisdiction assigned to that of Kil∣laley, in the Barony of Tir Auley. There lies in this County a vast Lake called Lough Mesk; in which are two small Islands with strong Forts, belonging to the Family of the Burkes, who raised heretofore great Re∣bellions here. Cambden.

Mazagan, Mazaganum, a City or Fort in the Kingdom of Marocco, in the Province of Ducala; with a Harbour upon the Atlantick Ocean, and a very strong Fort, in the hands of the Portuguese, who built it in 1508. and in 1562. defeated a vast Army of Moors, that came to besiege it; eighteen Leagues from Cape Cantin to the North-East.

Mazandran. See Masandran.

Mazar, Babylon, an ancient City in Egypt.

Mazara, a City in the Island of Sicily, on the Southern Shoar near the South-West Cape; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Palermo: it is seated in the Valley or Province of Mazara, at the Mouth of a small River of the same name: it has a large, safe, convenient Haven, and is well fortified: thirty Miles from Trepano to the South, and sixty from Gergenti to the West.

The Province of Mazara, is one of the three into which Sicily stands now divided on the North, West and South. It is surrounded with the Sea; but on the East it has the Valley De Demona, and De Noto, which are the other two Provinces. The prin∣cipal City, is Palermo; the rest are Trepano, Mar∣sella, Mazara, and Gergenti.

Mazarino, or Moracini, Mactorium, a Castle in the Valley del Noto, in the Island of Sicily, giving the Title of a Count.

Mazari••ci, Hippici, a Branch of Mount Taurus in Asia.

Mazira, an Island in the Red Sea, belonging to Arabia.

Mazoure, a Town in the Kingdom of Aegypt, in the lower part of it; near to which, S. Lewis, King of France, gave Battel to the Saracens, and was taken Prisoner by them, in 1250.

Mazzo, a small Town in the Valtoline; where the French under the Conduct of the Duke of Ro∣han gained a memorable Victory over the Imperia∣lists in 1635.

M••islaw. See Mscislaw.

Meaco, Meacum, a vast City in the Kingdom of Japan, in the Island of Niphon; in the Province of Jetseng; called by the Inhabitants Cabucoma. It has a Royal and Princely Palace, in which their Kings for∣merly lived; a fine Haven and a Fort; still very great and populous; yet much diminished, since the Court went to reside at Isdo, one hundred twenty five Miles from this City to the West; and because in the Civil Wars of Japan, the greatest part of it was burnt.

Mearon, Mearus, a River of Galicia in Spain.

Meath, Media, a County in the Province of Lein∣ster in Ireland, called by the Irish Midh: bounded on the East by the County of Fyngal, and Kildare, (separated by the River Bayne;) on the South by Kildare, and Kings County; on the West by Roscomen and Longford; and on the North by the County of Monaghen. It is divided into two parts, by the names of East and West Meath. An ancient English Pen saith, it is very fruitful and pleasant to the Eye, well watered with Rivers, abounding with Fish, full of Cattle, well supplied with Corn; and that the Woods and Marshes in the Skirts of it make the access so dif∣ficult on all sides, that it is justly called the Cham∣ber of Ireland. In the thirty eighth year of Hen∣ry VIII. this County being thought too big to be governed by one Sheriff, was divided by Act of Par∣liament into two Counties.

Meaux, Meldorum urbs, Meledis, Jatinum Melda∣rum, Meldae, Jatinum, a City in the Province of Brie, (of which it is the Capital,) and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Sens: it is a delicate, populous City, seated upon the Marne, which divides it into two parts: ten Leagues from Paris to the North-East, eighteen from Reims to the South-West, and twenty five from Amiens to the South. In the year 1358. (during the Imprisonment of John King of France), it was sacked and burnt, for complotting with the Parisian Faction against Charles the Dau∣phine, Regent of France, Son of King John. In 1421. the Victorious English took it by Capitulation, after a Siege of three Months: and some private Synods have been assembled at it.

Mecca, Mecque, a City in Arabia; which Bellonius in his Observations thinks, was called by the Ancients Petraea; but others, upon better Reasons, suppose it to be their Marraba. It stands upon the River Chai∣bar, in a Valley; ten days Journey from Medina; twice so big as it; and about forty Miles from the Shoars of the Red Sea to the East. Compassed on all Sides by Mountains; the Soil of it is dry and barren: yet much frequented by vast Shoals of Mahometans from all parts every year, which come to celebrate the Memory of that Grand Impostor Mahomet; who in 622. first began to settle his abominable Doctrine, to the ruin of so great a part of mankind. The Ma∣hometans pay so great a respect to this Place, that should any Christian be found in or near it, they would burn him alive. For the rest, the Reader may consult M. Thevenot's Travels. The Mosque stands in the middle of the City, in a descent, with two Towers and a Dome of extraordinary heighth▪ one hundred Gates, and a Window to each; adorned throughout the whole, with Structures, Artifices, and Donations, inestimably fine and rich. See Medina.

Mechelen, Malines, Mechlinia, a City in Bra∣bant, made an Archbishops See by Pope Paul IV. It is called by the French Malines, and by the Spani∣ards Malinas. Seated upon the River Dender, in the midst of the Dukedom of Brabant; between Antwerp, Brussels, and Lovain; about four Leagues from each of them. It fell to the Bishop of Liege by Inheritance, as Heir of the Family of Berthold; and in 1328. was sold by him to Reginald Duke of Guelderland, for forty thousand Crowns; who again sold it to Lewis Earl of Flanders; who in 1346. granted it to the Duke of Brabant. Before these times it was an Imperial Free City, but long since exempt. Till 1503. it was the seat of the Great Council, that governed all these Countries; which was then removed to Brussels.

Mechoacan, a Province of New Spain in Ame∣rica; between Mexico to the East, and New Galicia to the West; extended eighty Leagues upon the Pa∣cifick Ocean to the South. The City of Mechoacan gives it this name; which is very great, populous, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mexico; forty seven Spanish Leagues from Mexico to the West, and seven from the Lake of Mechoacan to the South. This Word, in the Indian Tongue, signifies the Fishing-Place.

Meckleburg, or Mekelbourg, Meckelburgum, Me∣galopolis, a City of Germany, in the Lower Saxony; heretofore a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Breme, and the Capital of the Dukedom of Meckel∣burg; now ruined; nothing remaining but a Castle near the Baltick Sea, one Germany Mile from Wismar to the South, and three from Swerin (which is now the Bishops See) to the North. This in the times of the Vandals and Heruli, was the greatest City in Europe: ruined by removing the Ducal Seat to Wis∣mar; because this Town was too big to be fortified, as Crantius saith.

The Dukedom of Meckleburg, is a Province of Germany in the Lower Saxony, of considerable ex∣tent: on the North bounded with the Baltick Sea, on the East by Pomerania, on the West by Holstein and Lawenburg, and on the South by the Marquisate of Brandenburg. It is now under two Princes of the same Family: the Eastern under the Duke of Gu∣strow, and the Western under the Duke of Swerin. The Vandals, Heruli, and Burgundians, were the an∣cient Inhabitants of this Country. The Dukes are descended from Peribislaus, the last King of the He∣ruli; who being conquered by Henry the Lyon, was forced about 1158. to take the Title of Duke, in∣stead of King, as an Homager to the House of Saxony. This Division was made about 1592 upon the Death of John, the last single Duke of this intire Duke∣dom. The Reformation was embraced betimes in this Country.

Medelpad, Medelpadia, a Province of Sweden, which is a part of Angerman; between Helsinga to the South, Angerman properly so called, Jemptland to the North, the Baltick Sea to the East, and Dale-Carle to the West.

Medemblick, a Town in West Friesland, (one of the Ʋnited Provinces of the Low-Countries,) sea∣ted upon the Zuyder Sea, upon which it has a large and secure Haven, two Miles and an half from Hoorn, and above eight from Amsterdam to the North. It is in the Maps Medenblick.

Media, an ancient and celebrated Kingdom of Asia, betwixt Armenia Major, Hyrcania, the Cas∣pian Sea, Assyria, Susiana, &c. Where are now the Provinces of Schirvan, Gilan, Hyerach, Agemy, and Dilemon in Persia. It was in the beginning subject to the Assyrians, till Arbaces Governour of Media un∣der Sardanapalus, King of Assyria, taking advantage of the loosness of that Prince to cast off the yoak of the Assyrian Empire, established a Second in Media in his own person, Anno Mundi 3178. according to the common Computation, one hundred years before the first Olympiad, and eight hundred seventy six be∣fore the Coming of Christ. This Monarchy of the Medes continued under nine Kings, from Arbaces to Astyages, three hundred and seventeen years: and then Astyages lost his Crown and Throne to Cyrus, Anno Mundi 3495. Anno Romae 195. in the begin∣ning of the fifth Olympiad. The Capital City of the Medes, was Ecbatana. The others, Arsacia (now Casbin,) Cyropolis, &c. As for the name of Media, most agree to derive it from Madai, one of the Sons of Japhet.

Medina del Campo, Methymna Campestris, a Town in Old Castile in Spain.

Medina Caeli, Ecelesta, Augustobriga, Me∣diolum, Secontia Vetus, Methymna Celia, a small Roman City in Old Castile in Spain; built upon an Hill, near the River Xalon [Salo;] and gives the Title of a Duke to the Family de Corda, one of the Noblest Families in Spain, which pretends a Right to the Crown of that Kingdom. This City stands two Leagues from the Fountains of the River Xalon to the East, thirty one from Madrid to the North-East, and thirty four from Saragoza to the South-West.

Medina del rio Seco, Forum Egurrorum, Me∣thymna Sicca, a Town in the Kingdom of Spain.

Medina Sidonia, Asindum, Assidonia, a Town in Andaluzia, mentioned by Ptolemy; now made fa∣mous, by giving the Title of a Duke to the Family of Gusman in Spain: it stands upon a Hill, nine Miles from Cadiz to the East, twenty five from Malaga to the West; and was once a Bishops See, as Haubertus avers.

Medina Talnabi, that is, the City of the Pro∣phet; a City in Arabia, upon the River Laakic; thirty Miles from the Red Sea to the East, two hun∣dred from Mecca to the North; having a Port up∣on the Red Sea, called Jambi, at the Mouth of the River. Long. 70. 10. Lat. 26. 00. according to our last Maps. This City was of old called Jatrib; by Stephanus, Jatrippa; by Ptolemy, Latrippa; at pre∣sent Metina, Medina. It is seated in a Plain, be∣tween Mount Ohod to the North, and Mount Air to the South. Mahomet, the Grand Impostor, (who was born here in 560.) finding his Country-men not overmuch inclined to imbrace his new Doctrines, fled from hence to Mecca in 617. Having there by his Impostures gathered a great Rabble, and pretending a quarrel against the Jews, (who had a Synagogue in this City,) he attempted to reduce it by force of Arms; unprosperously at first, but with better suc∣cess the second time: thereupon he turned the Jewish Synagogue into the first Mosque for the Exercise of his new Religion. They of Mecca being alarmed with this Conque••t, in the next place took up Arms against him, and prevailed: but in the second Battel were defeated and subdued. Therefore he fixed his chief Seat at Mecca, where (or here, as others say,) he died in 631. at sixty three years of Age; ac∣cording to some, at seventy: twenty three of which, he spent in propagating his abominable Doctrines; thirteen at Medina, and ten at Mecca; five of which ten, followed his Conquering Mecca. The Mosque is extremely rich and magnificent, su∣stained by four hundred Pillars, which are charged with above three thousand Lamps of Silver; and Here there is seen the Tomb of Mahomet, which is a Coffin elevated upon Pillars of Black Marble, under a Canopy of Cloath of Silver and Gold, (which the Bassa of Egypt by the Grand Seignior's Order re∣news every year), surrounded with Ballisters, and abundance of Lamps of Silver.

The Mediterranean Sea, called by the Romans, Mare Internum; by the French, Italians, and Spa∣niards, with little difference, il Mare Mediterra∣neo; by the Germans, die Mittellendish Meer; by the Dutch, het Meid••anichezee; by the Poles, Morze Modke••emie idoce; by the Turks, Ac Denghiz. This is the most celebrated Sea in the whole World, first discovered, and most used by man∣kind. It breaks in from the Atlantick Ocean, be∣tween Spain and Africa, by a Streight of seven Miles broad, as the Ancients report it: on the North it has Europe, on the East Asia, and on the South Africa. Called by various names, as to its parts; that Branch of it between Spain, France and Italy, is called the Tyrrhenian Sea; that between Italy to the West, Greece and Dalmatia to the East, the Adriatick (now the Gulph of Venice,) and the Ionian Sea: that which parts Greece from Asia, to the Dardanells, (formerly called the Aegean Sea,) is now called the Archipelago; that which expands it self between Greece and Asia, as far as Constantinople, is called the Propontis, or Sea of Constantinople: and that much more extended Sea, North of Constantinople, between Europe, to the North and West, Asia to the East, and Anatolia to the South, is called the Euxine or Black Sea. To give an exact account of all the smaller parts of it, would too much exceed my narrow bounds.

Medniky, Mednicia, a small City of Poland, in Samogitia, sometimes called Womie; seated near the Fountains of the River Wirwitz. It is the See of the Bishop of Samogitia: founded by Wenceslaus King of Poland, in 1413. fifteen Polish Miles from Memel, and the Shoars of the Baltick Sea to the East; thirty from Riga to the South-West.

Medoc, Medulanus, a small Tract in Aquitain; between the Mouth of the Garrone to the North, the Bay of Aquitain to the West, and Bourdeaux to the East. There is not above three or four small Towns in it. The ancient Meduli are understood to have dwelt here.

Medway, Vaga, a River of Kent, which riseth in the Weald or Wild, in the South-West part of that County: at Penhurst it receives the Eten out of Sur∣rey; so dividing it self into five Streams, it surrounds Tunbridge; from thence passing North-East, it goes to Maidstone, from thence to Rochester; by which time it is become exceeding great, by the concourse of many Rivers it takes in its short Course. Here he is covered by a Stone Bridge, beneath which, he be∣comes capable of the greatest Ships: and in his Bed the Royal Fleet of England rides in time of Peace. Below Rochester, he forms the Isle of Shepey; one of his Mouths entering the Ocean at Sherness, and the other at Shellness; above eight Miles from each other. In 1667. the Dutch Fleet entered this River June 22. having with their Cannon battered down the Paper Fort of Sherness; where they carried off the Royal Charles, and burnt and spoiled four or five other Ships.

Megalopolis, an ancient City of Arcadia, near the River Alpheus: renowned for the Birth of Polybius, the Noble Grecian Writer of the Roman History. Since Christianity, it hath been an Episcopal See. But this glory, under the Turks, is changed into the condition of a miserable Village. And the Pro∣verb▪ Magna Civitas magna solitudo, was never more verified of it, than now.

Megara, a City of Achaia, in ancient times cal-Nisa, or Nissaea: it stands at the North-West Point of the Bay of Corinth, near the Hexamilia or Isth∣mus; two Miles from the Sea Shoar, twenty five from Athens to the West, and the same distance from Corinth to the North East. This was the Birth∣place of Euclid, the Master of the Mathematicks: Lat. 38. 05. (which is the true height of Athens.) Mr. Wheeler, who saw this place, thus describes it. It is situate in a Valley, between the Mountain Ke∣rata North; (which has a Ridge running North∣ward, to join with Mount Cithaeron, at the bottom of the Bay of Corinth, now called Livadostro;) the Mountain Macripaldi to the West towards Corinth; the Mountain of Palaio Bouni South-East, and the Bay of Livadostro North-West. This Plain is reaso∣nably fruitful, twenty Miles in compass. The City was anciently built upon two Rocks. Now one of the Rocks is desolate; the other has about three or four hundred pitiful Cottages, (built one Story high and close together) the Walls of which are the ruins of the former Houses, or a few Faggots covered with Clay: Chimnies they have none, except it be a hole in the top of the House, or the Door. The Turks of themselves abandoned this place, after the redu∣ction of Athens. It is now called Megra. A City, in the beginning, the Capital of a Monarchy under the Reign of twelve Kings. Then a Republick, which maintained divers Wars with the•• Athenians and others; and also established a Colony in the Island of Sicily.

Meghen, a Town in the Dukedom of Brabant, in the Low-Countries, upon the left side of the Meuse, three Leagues from Boisleduc. It gives the Title of an Earldom.

Meissen, Misnia, a Territory and City of Ger∣many, in the Ʋpper Saxony; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Magdeburgh; and under the Dominion of its own Bishop: but now in the hands of the Elector of Saxony, as Administrator of the Bi∣shoprick of Misnia. It stands three German Miles from Dresden to the East, nine from Leypsick to the same Quarter, and twelve from Wittemberg to the South, upon the Western Shoar of the River Elbe, over which it hath a fine Wooden Bridge. Built by Henry the Fauikoner, who constituted the Marquess of Misnia in 928. Sigismond, the Emperour, in 1423 granted to its Marquess, (within the Dukedom of Saxony) the Electoral Dignity. Its Bishop was one of them that led the way to the Reformation, by ejecting the Pardon-mongers in 1500. In 1581. the Reformation was settled here, and the Augustane Confession imbraced. This is at this day a great, rich, populous City; and has belong∣ing to it a Castle.

Mela, or la Mela, a River in Lombardy, which wash∣eth the Walls of Brescia, and then falls into the O∣glio.

Melas, the ancient Name of the Rivers Larissa and Gensui. (See those Names.) As of several others mentioned by the Ancients in Lycia, Arcadia, Myg∣donia, Sicily, Cilicia, and Achaia.

Melasso or Melazzo, a Town in the Valley of De∣mona, in the Island of Sicily, near Messina. § Likewise, a City in the Province of Aidinelli, in the Lesser Asia, which was the ancient Mylassa of Caria. This is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Stauropolis or Santa Croce.

Melohited, a general Name for all the Syrian, Coph∣tite or other Oriontal Christians, not being natu∣ral Greeks, who adhere to the Decisions of the Great Council of Chalcodon, and the common Sentiments of the Greek Church. Given them by the opposite Par∣ties, from the Hebrew Word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (a King,) in derision of their being of the Religion of the Empe∣rour, who presided over the said Council. They call themselves the Orthodox: and have translated into the Arabick Language, the Bible, Councils, and Eu∣chologies, with most of the Ecclesiastical Books, of the Grecians.

Melcomb Regis, a Corporation in Dorsetshire, in the Hundred of Ʋgscomb, upon the River Wey, where it falls into the Sea; united by a fair Timber Bridge with the Town of Weymouth on the other side of the same River; and together with it, by Act of Parliament in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, incor∣porated into one Body, governed by one Mayor, with Aldermen, &c. yet they both elect two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Meldola, Meldula, a small Town in the Domini∣ons of the Church, in Romandiola, in the Confines of Tuscany; upon the River Bedese, (or Ronco,) which falls beneath Ravenna, into the Ionian Sea; ten Miles from Forli to the South. This is said to be a Mar∣quisate, and a Sovereignty, in the possession of Prince Pamfilio.

Melfi, Melphis, Melphia, a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the Basilicate; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Acerenza, or Mateola; but now exempt from the Jurisdiction of its own Arch∣bishop. It is a great and well peopled City, in the Borders of the Capitanate, towards the Mountains, upon the River Melfi, or Molpa; four Miles from the River Ofanto, sixty five from Naples to the East, and almost forty from Manfredonia, South.

Mellila, Ryssadirum, a Town in Barbary, sub∣ject to the King of Spain. It lies in the Kingdom of Fez, in the Province of Garet, or Jeyrat; taken by Ferdinand King of Spain, in 1496. who gave order for the fortifying it. It is seated on the Mediterra∣nean Sea, in a fruitful Plain, at the foot of a Moun∣tain; almost forty German Miles from the Mouth of the Streights of Gibraltar to the East; over against Almeria, in Granada. Being besieged by the Moors, Anno 1687. the Garrison slew five hundred of them in one Salley, October 5. whereupon the next day they lest the Town, and drew off.

Melinde, Melinda, a Town and Kingdom in Zanguebar, in Africa. The Town is a Sea-Port, for∣tified with a Castle which the Portuguese have ere∣cted. And the Sea adjacent, some take to be the Asperum Mare of Ptolemy.

Melito, or Meliton, Miletus, a small City in the Kingdom of Naples, in the further Calabria; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Regio; but exempt from his Jurisdiction. Pope Gregory VII. translated this See from Taurianum, (a ruined Ci∣ty) in 1075. This City is called Melita, by Cicero: it stands between Cosenza to the North, and Regio to the South, forty Miles from either; five from Nocera, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the East. It has been in a decaying condition a long time; especially since 1638. in which it suffered very much by an Earth∣quake.

Melli, Mellum, a Kingdom in Nigritia in Afri∣ca, in which the River Niger is first divided into se∣veral Branches. Bounded on the East by the King∣doms of Mandinga and Malegneta; on the West by the Atlantick Ocean. It has a great and populous City of the same name, where the Court resides▪

thirty days journey from Tombut. And the Kingdom is tributary to that of Tombut, since 1520.

Melun, Melodunum, a City of France, in the Province of Brie; in the Borders of Gastinois, in the Generalité of the Isle of France; upon the Seyne, which it covers with two Bridges: four Leagues from Fountainbleau to the South-East, ten from Paris to the South, and three from Corbeil. In this City died Robert King of France, in 1030. and Philip I. in 1109. It hath a Castle, many fine Churches, gives the title of a Viscount, and its name to an honourable family.

Memel, or Memmel, Memelium, Memmelbur∣gum, Cleupeda, a Town in the Kingdom of Poland, in the Province of Samogitia; seated upon the Banks of the Baltick Sea; thirty Polish Miles from Koning∣sperg to the North, thirty eight from Riga to the South-West. Baudrand ascribes it to Russia Regalis, and to the County of Sambienfi; and saith, it has a strong Castle, a Lake, and a safe Harbour. This Town was taken by Gustavus Adolphus, King of Swe∣den, in 1628. But restored to the Poles, under whom it now is; almost intirely ruined by Fire in 1678. now rebuilt. Long. 50. 00. Lat. 56.

Memel, Chronus, a River which ariseth in Lithu∣ania, about fifteen Polish Miles South of Minski; cal∣led Niemen by the Poles. It watereth Grodno and Kowna; and entering Prussia Regia, is called Russ; and falling at last into the Lake of Memel, by the Town of Memel, entereth the Baltick Sea at Kowna. This River takes in the Vill, which watereth Vilna; and is one of the most considerable Rivers in these parts.

Memmingen, Drusomagus, Memminga, an Im∣perial Free City in Schwaben in Germany, upon the River Iler; seven German Miles from Ʋlm to the South, and nine from Ausburg to the North-West.

Menan, Menanius, a vast River in the further East-Indies; which ariseth out of the Lake of Chiammay; and passing the Kingdoms of Pegua and Siam, it wa∣tereth Odia, (or Siam, the Capital of that Kingdom) and Anio: then by two great Mouths falls into the Bay of Siam, in Long. 328.

Menapii, an ancient People of Gallia Belgica, whose Capital Town was the Modern Kessel in the Dutchy of Brabant.

Menaw, the Isle of Man.

Mende. See Mande.

Mendlesham, a Market Town in the County of Suffolk, in the Hundred of Hartesmere.

S. Menehoult, Sancta Menehildis, a strong Town in Champaign; put into the Hands of the Spaniards, by the Prince of Conde, in 1652. and recovered to France in 1653. It is seated in the Territory of Ar∣gonne, (the Capital of which it is) upon the River Aisne, Axona; nine Leagues from Verdun to the South, and six from Bar le Duc to the North-West. It has a Castle of great strength. Baudrand writes this S. Menehould; the Maps S. Manheu.

Mengrelia, Colchis, a Province in Asia, in Geor∣gia; towards the North, and the Euxine Sea, which bounds it on the West. Abascia (separated from it by the River Coraz, now called Colours,) lies on the North: Guriel on the South, (cut off by the Phasis, now Rione:) Imaretza and Susan on the East. This Country is well watered, fruitful, under a Prince of its own, descended of the Kings of Georgia. It had a City called Sebastopolis, which is now swallowed up by the Waters. See Archangelus Lambertus, and Sir John Chardin. The first of which lived many years in this Country: the latter has lately published an account of what he saw there. For their Manners, see Georgia. The present Prince of Mengrelia is the eighth of this Family, and Tributary to the Turks: whose Tribute is sixty thousand Ells of Linnen Cloth made here: and this is as much as he can well afford: his Revenue not exceeding 20000 Crowns per ann. much of which is raised from his Subjects, sold for Slaves to the Turks to the number of seven or eight thousand in a year. Which with their perpetual and fierce Wars has so depopulated this Country, that the Prince is not able to bring above four thousand Horse, and three thousand Foot into the Field; and might easily be totally subdued by the Turks, if it were thought worth the while; or possible to keep a ro∣ving People, (who have neither Towns nor Cities,) in subjection, when they are once Conquered.

Menteith, Menthitia, a County in the North of Scotland. Bounded on the West by Lenox, and the Lake Lomond; on the North by Albain; on the East by Stratherne; and on the South by Sterling and Lenox. The principal Town in it is Dunblain. The Damnii inhabited in ancient times a part of this County, in the Opinion of Mr. Cambden.

Mentz, Meintz, Moguntia, Magontiacum, a City of Germany, of great Antiquity; called by the Inha∣bitants, Mayntz; by the French, Mayence; by the Spaniards and Italians, Magonza. It stands in the Lower Circle of the Rhine; upon the Rhine; six German Miles from Franckfort on the Mayne to the West, eighteen from Treves, and fifteen from Spire to the North. Mentioned by Ptolemy and Tacitus. It has its Name from the River Main or Moin, which falls into the Rhine over against it: The anci∣entest City in that part of Germany; as having been certainly built before the Birth of our Saviour; being a City in the times of Drusus, General to Augustus. (Florus, lib. 4.) In 745. it was made an Archbishops See, instead of Wormes; to which it was a Suffra∣gan See before. It was very severely treated by Fre∣derick Aenobarbus, the Emperor, in 1158. But re∣built and restored by Otho IV. In 1462. it was ta∣ken October 27. by Adolphus Nassaw, its Bishop: and whereas before it was Imperial and Free, it has been ever since subject to its own Archbishops. There was an University opened here in 1482. Others say in 1461. Gustavus Adolphus entred this place in Tri∣umph, December 14. 1631. In 1635. it was retaken from the Swedes: but the next year they again took it, and kept it till the Peace of Munster. It claims also the invention of Printing about 1430. A strong place, and well guarded (saith Dr. Brown;) has ma∣ny Churches and Monasteries, and some fair Build∣ings, especially those of Publick Concern; but the narrowness of the Streets, and many old Houses, take away much from the Beauty of it. It is most ex∣tended towards the River; and that part excels the other also towards the Land, as being more popu∣lous, and better built. It paid to the King of Swe∣den, as a Ransom, above an hundred thousand Dol∣lers; which shews its Wealth. This Prince built a Bridge over the Main here, and another over the Rhine: partly upon Piles of Wood, partly upon Boats; the first of these is taken away, but the latter is continued still. The Archbishop is Arch-Chancellor of the Empire, and the first of the Electoral Col∣lege: in all publick Conventions he sits at the Right Hand of the Emperor; and is the Successor of Boni∣face, an Englishman, who very much promoted the Christian Faith in these parts. This City received a French Garrison in October 1688. Surrendred again to the Consederate Forces Sept. 11. 1689. after a Siege of six or seven Weeks. § The Electorate of Mentz, Moguntina Ditio, called by the Inhabitants, Maint∣zische; by the Germans, das Churfurstenthumb bon Mayntz; is a small Province in the Lower Cir∣cle of the Rhine, under the Dominion of this Arch∣bishop: stretching from East to West, between the

Territories of Weteraw and Westerwalt to the North, and the Lower Palatinate to the South. The bounds cannot be exactly stated; because the Do∣minions belonging to this Bishoprick lye dispersed in Franconia, and the other Circles; and render this Elector the less considerable. Dr. Heylyn observes, that a Bishop of Mentz subscribed in the Council of Colen in 347. So that this Bishoprick was only Re∣founded in 745▪ after the barbarous Nations had ex∣tirpated Christianity here. Dr. Brown saith, the Soil of this Country is fertile; abounds with all sorts of Provisions, and excellent Wines: So that his Revenue will afford him six or seven thousand Crowns a year.

Meppen, Meppa, a City in Westphalia, in the Bishoprick of Munster; upon the River Hase, (which falls into the Emes, a little below Lingen,) eleven Miles from Emden to the South, and thirteen from Munster to the North.

Merch. See March.

Mercia, a great and inland Kingdom in the old Heptarchy of the Saxons in England; which con∣tained Gloucester, Worcester, Hereford, Stafford, Darby, Nottingham, Leicester, Rutland, Lincoln, Huntingdom, Northampton, Warwick, Salop, Oxon, Buckingham, Bedford, and Hartford.

Mercoeur, a small Town in the Province of An∣vergne, in France, upon an Ascent, and a Rivulet falling afterwards into the Allier. Charles IX. advan∣ced it to the dignity of a Principality in 1563, and into a Dukedom and Peerage of France in 1569. It gives name to a Family of Honour.

Metense, Myndus, a City of Caria, in the Lesser Asia; which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Stauropolis [Santa Croce.] It is even now the Capital of the Province, and the Seat of a Turkish Governour; 16 German Miles South of Ephesus, upon the Archipelago; and five West of Melasso. From this City, Caria is now called Menteseli by the Turks.

Merdin, Marde, a City of Assyria, upon the Ri∣ver Tigris, in the Confines of Mesopotamia; which is now an Archbishop's See in the Province of Diarbeck, in the Confines of the Greater Armenia; twenty Ger∣man Miles from Caramit to the East, and thirty from Nisibin to the North. Long. 76▪ 30. Lat. 36. 10.

Mere, a Market Town in Wiltshire. The Capi∣tal of its Hundred.

Mergetheim, a Town in Franconia in Germany; made famous by a Defeat of Turin in 1645. It stands upon the River Goliach, in the County of Werthaim; four German Miles from Wurtzburgh to the South-West, and nine from Hailbrun to the North-East.

Merhern, the same with Moravia.

Merida, Emerita Augusta, a City in Portugal; here∣tofore an Archbishop's See, and the Seat of the Courts of Justice, for the Province of Extremadura; upon the River Guadiana; twelve Miles above Badajox to the East, fourteen from Alcantara to the South-East, and twenty five from Sevil to the North. Now very small, and in a declining condition; only the Spaniards (in whose hands it is,) have bestowed of late years something in Fortifying it against the Por∣tuguese. The Archbishop's See was removed hence in 1124. by Pope Calistus II. to S. Jago di Compo∣stella. In 1230. the Moors were driven from Meri∣da. Some Synods have been assembled here: and some place it in New Castile in Spain. § Also an Episcopal City in the Province of Jucatan, in New Spain in America, towards the Gulph of Mexico.

Meridiano, the same with Lambro.

Merindol, the Place of the Retreat of the Vaudois, upon the Frontiers of the County of Venaissin in Pro∣vence, which was put to Military Execution by order of Francis I. King of France and the Parliament of Aix, with all its Houses, Castles, and People of the Re∣form'd Religion (then in Rebellion) in 1545. after the tryal, in vain, of other Courses to reduce them.

Merionethshire, Mervinia, is one of the twelve Shires in the Principality of Wales; called by the Inhabitants, Uerionethshire: on the North it has Carnarvan and Denbigh, on the East Montgomery, the South Cardigan, (cut off by the River Dowy,) and on the West it is washed by the Irish Sea. Ex∣treamly Mountainous, Barren, unpleasant, and expo∣sed to raging Winds; having nothing of value but Cattel. This was the Seat of the Ordovices, a Bri∣tish Clan. It was not Conquered by the English till the Reign of Edward I. in 1283. In the Reign of Hen. IV. Owen Glendover drew this and all wales into a Combination against that Prince; which might have ended in the loss of Wales, under a less Martial Prince than he. There is in this County no Town of Note.

Mern, Mernis, Marnia, a County in the North-East part of Scotland; bounded on the South-East by the German Ocean, on the North-West by the County of Marr, and on the South-West by Angus: the chief Town of which is Fordun. It is little, and lies in the form of a Triangle.

Meroe, a very great Island, made by the River Nile in Aethiopia; which has this name from the principal City in the Island. It is now called Gue∣guere; but by the Inhabitants, Neube. Indeed Lo∣bus, a Portugal, (in his History of Aethiopia,) is of Opinion, there is no such Island at all: and saith, the Nile makes never an Island in Aethiopia; and the Ancients were much deceived in placing this pre∣tended Island so far from the Red Sea; therefore he is not pleased with their conceit, who make the Kingom of Goyaume to be Mero••: and upon the whole he concludes the distance of the place and dif∣ficulty of access gave occasion to all those fictions of the Ancients concerning this Island; which by them was placed in Lat. 16. 23.

Mersburgh, Martinopolis, Mersoburgum, a small City in Misnia in Germany; which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Magdeburgh; upon the River Saal; three German Miles from Hall to the South, and as many from Leipsick to the West. The Bishop of this Diocese imbraced the Augustane Confession, in 1565. In 1592. John George, Bishop of it, became Elector of Saxony: his Successors have ever since been Administrators of this Bishoprick; being chosen, upon every vacancy, by the Chapter: and in this Right they are possessed of the City of Mersburgh; which was once an Imperial Free Town, but long since exempted. § There is another Mers∣bourgh in Schwaben, upon the Lake of Constance, where the Bishop of Constance resides.

Mersey, the Arm of the Sea, into which the River Dee in Wales falls. See Dee.

Merton-méer, a great Lake in Lancashire.

Mesember, Mesembria, a City of Thrace; ascri∣bed by Ptolemy to Moesia Inferior, and in our latter Maps placed in Bulgaria; on the North side of the great Mountain Hermus, upon the Shores of the Eu∣xine Sea: twenty seven German Miles from Adri∣anople to the North-East, and thirty two from Con∣stantinople to the North-West. It is now an Arch∣bishop's See, and in the hands of the Turks.

Mesendin, the Persian Gulph.

Mesmes, a Castle and Seigniory in the Diocese of Bazas, in the Lower Guienne, in France, which gives Name to an Honorable Family there.

Mesopotamia, a large Country of Asia, enclo∣sed within the Rivers Tigris and Euphrates, and heretofore making a considerable part of the Assyrian Empire. Its principal Cities (now) are Caramit,

(the Capital), Merdin, and Heren. The Arabians call it, Al-Gezira; as the Hebrews did, Aram Naha∣rajim, i. e. the Syria betwixt two Rivers, in confor∣mity to the Greek of Mesopotamia. Vid. Diarbeck.

Mesrata, the same with Cairoan.

Messapia, a Province of the Antient Italy, where now lies the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples. It had a City of its own Name, called after∣wards Messana Apuliae, and now Mesagna. Virgil mentions the antient Inhabitants with the Character of Equum domitor, Neptunia proles.

Messene. See Moseniga.

Messin. See Metz.

Messina, Messana, an ancient and very celebrated City, on the Northern Point of the Isle of Sicily; ten Miles from Reggio in Italy, sixty from Catania to the North, and a hundred and fifty from Palermo to the North-East. It is a great, rich, well traded City; an Archbishop's See; the Capital of the Province of Demona; and the second City in the Island: being five Miles in compass, having an Harbour of great safety, and wonderfully frequented by Merchants. Nobly built, has a Princely Palace, a well furnished Magazine, a noble Metropolitan Church; and great plenty of Silk Weavers. It is of a long figure, with four great Suburbs. The Philosopher Dicaearchus was a Native of this City. Charles V. in 1535▪ spent very much in fortifying it, and built four Castles to that purpose. This City was recovered out of the Hands of the Saracens by Roger the Norman in 1060. The Spaniards provoked it so far, that in 1674. it shook off their Yoke; who were never able to reduce the place again under their Obedience, till March 16. 1678. The Inhabitants pretend to have a Letter, which was Written to them by the Virgin Mary; and certainly they have great reason to value that singular favour.

Messo, Bermius, a Mountain lying between Ma∣cedonia, Thessalia, and Epirus; called in the latter Maps Mezova. It stretcheth from North-West to South-East; and ends at the North Point of the Isle of Negropont; and seems to be the same with Mount Pindus, or a part (at least) of it.

Mesuna, Medama, a River of the further Calabria; it falls into the Sea about four Miles South of Nico∣tera.

Mesapontum, a Town of the ancient Lucania in Italy, now called Torre di Mare.

Metelin, Lesbos, Mitylene, an Island in the Ar∣chipelago, on the Coast of the Lesser Asia; six Miles from its Shoars to the South. Now commonly called Mitelino, from its principal City; which is seated on the East side of the Island, and an Archbishop's See. It has two other Cities, which are Bishopricks: that is, Gerema, and Calono. The Circuit of this Island is 140 Miles, its length from North to South 40. It was under the Family of the Catelusii, from 1355. to 1462, when it was taken from Dominico Catelu∣sio, (the last Prince of this Race,) by Mahomet II. Emperor of the Turks. This Family being of a Genouese Extraction, the Island is generally said to have been so long under the States of Genoua. Writ∣ten also Mettelen. It pays eighteen thousand Piastres Tribute to the Turks.

Metoro, Metaurus, a River in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino; which ariseth in the Confines of Tuscany, near Borgo S. Sepulchro; and running East, watereth (saith Baudrand) S. Angelo, and Ʋrbino: In the Maps it is placed more South; and watereth Fossom∣brone, (Forum Sempronii) and so falls into the Gulph of Venice; between Fanno to the North, and Sinigaglia to the South.

Metramo, or Marro, Metaurus, a small River of Calabria the further; which falls into the Sea, ele∣ven Miles South of Nicotera.

Metz, Meta, Metis, Mediomatricum, Divodu∣rum Mediomatricorum, a City, and Bishop's See in the Dukedom of Lorrain, under the Archbishop of Trier, and the Capital of the Territory of Messin. It stands upon the Moselle, where it takes in the Seile, (Sala;) ten Leagues from Nancy to the North, and Verdun to the East, and sixteen from Trier to the South. At first the Capital of the Kingdom of Metz: after this, an Imperial Free City; and being exempt∣ed, it fell in 1552. into the hands of the French. Charles V. the same year with a powerful Army sat down before it; and omitted nothing that Courage or Art could dictate to recover it: but failing in the Attempt, fell out with the World; and soon after resigned all his Dominions to his Son in 1555, and went into a Monastery. Some considerable Councils have been formerly assembled at this place.

Meulan, Mulanum, a Town and Fortress upon the Seine; in the Government of the Isle of France; which has a Stone Bridge over the River. It stands nine Leagues above Paris to the West. Henry IV. could not take the Fortress in 1589, tho he made himself Master of the Town.

Meun or Mehun, a small Town in the Province of Berry in France, upon the River Yeure, betwixt Bourges and Vierzon: shewing the Ruines of a Castle, heretofore demolished by the English. It has a Col∣legiate Church. § There is another Meun in the same Province, upon the River Inde, betwixt Cha∣teau-roux and Bruzancais: § And a Third in the Pro∣vince of Orleanois, under the right side of the Loyre, betwixt the City Orleans and Baugency. Adorned with a Collegiate Church, and taken heretofore by the Victorious English under the Earl of Salisbury. In Latin, Magdunum.

Meurs, Meursia, a small City of the Dukedom of Cleves, though seated in the Bishoprick of Co∣logn; which is an Earldom, and belongs (together with its Territory,) to the Prince of Orange, by the gift of the last Countess in 1600. Yet the Duke of Brandenburgh lays claim to it, as Duke of Cleves. It lies two Miles from Rhineburgh to the South, one from the Rhine to the West, about ten from Cologn to the North-West, and seven from Cleves to the South-West.

Meurtre, Mourtre, Murta, Morta, a River of Lorrain; it ariseth from Mount Vauge; and water∣ing Nancy, falls into the Moselle, three Leagues a∣bove Pont Mouson.

Meuse, Mosa, the same with the Maes.

Mexico, Mexicum, a vast City in the North America; the Capital of New Spain, and of a Pro∣vince of the same name in that Kingdom; the Seat of the Spanish Viceroy of the West-••na••es, and an Archbishop's See. This City stands upon the North side of a Lake of the same name; in a most pleasant, fruitful, and large Plain, and in great part surround∣ed with the Lake. The Inhabitants pretend it was built in 1322. The Spaniards by the current and thread of their Story, say, it was built in 902. It was many Ages since, the Royal Seat of the Kings of Mexico; had then a great and splendid Palace, called in their Tongue the Tepac; but burnt together with the City, when it was taken by the Spaniards in 1521. by Francis Cortez; who rebuilt the City, and made it the Capital of his Conquests. Its Streets are great, streight, and beautiful; its Churches mag∣nificent, its publick Buildings noble. It has an A∣quaduct three Miles long, and many Monasteries. John de Turre Cremata, our Countryman Mr. Gage, and some others, have given large accounts of this noble City; which is the greatest in America. It has no Walls, Forts, Bastions, nor any Cannon, or Defence whatsoever, beside what the number of its

Inhabitants afford: which is a part of the Spanish Jealousie, for fear a Viceroy should set up for him∣self. In 1527. Pope Clement VII. made it a Bishop's See. In 1547. Paul III. made it an Archbishop's See; in which Year Cortez the Conqueror died. It was made an University in 1551. by Charles V. As it is seated in a very low ground, so it has often suf∣fered very much by Inundations of the Lake, parti∣cularly Septemb. 21. 1629. forty thousand of its In∣habitants were drowned: to prevent this for the fu∣ture, they have with great Charges found out a means to drive part of these Waters other ways. There is no way to the City but over three Causways, on the North, West, and South sides: the latter of which is the longest. Long. 269. 00. Lat. 28. 30. eighty Spanish Leagues from the South Sea, and the same distance from the Shores of the Bay of Mexico. See Golfo di Mexico. There are also two Lakes of Wa∣ter called by the name of this City: one of which is fresh Water, seven Leagues long, six broad: the other is salt Water, forty Leagues in compass.

Meydenburg. See Magdeburg.

Meylandt, the German Name for Milan.

Meyne. See Mayn. § Also a Mineral Spring, much resorted to of late, near the City Arles in Pro∣vence.

Mezaal, a pretended Island in Aethiopia. See Meroë.

Mezieres, Maderiacum, Meceria, a City of France in Champagne, in the Territory of Retelois; built upon, and almost encompassed with the Maes; and very well fortified besides. It stands not above half a League from Charleville, four beneath Sedan to the West, three from the Confines of Luxemburgh, and sixteen from Reims to the North-East: and hath a Collegiate Church.

Mezo, Amyzon, a City of Caria, in the Lesser Asia; still extant; and a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Sancta Croce; being seated between Magnesia and Alabanda; thirty Miles from Miletus, (now Melasso) and the same distance from the Shoares of the Archipelago to the East.

Mezuma, oppidum novum, a City in the Kingdom of Algïer, in Africa, in the Province of Tenez; be∣tween Algier and Tremesin.

Mezzaba, a Province in Biledulgerida in Africa, with a City of the same name, by the great River between Zeb and Tegorarina to the West.

Mezzovo, Pindus.

Miana, Apamia, or Apamea, a City of Media. Long. 79. 50. Lat. 34. 20.

Miary, a River in Brasil, which receives the Ova∣ro Covo, and divers other Rivers; then falls into the Ocean, near the Island of Maragnan, upon the Coast of Brasil.

Micoli, an Island of the Aegean Sea, betwixt Ni∣caria to the East, and the Islands Tenon and Andron to the North. One of the Cyclades; called by the Antients Mycone and Myconos. It produces Wine, Cotton, Barley, and abundance of Game: planted with one only Village, which pays a yearly Tribute to the Turks.

Middleburgh, Metelli Castrum, Middleburgum, Metelloburgum, a Town in Zealand; the Capital of the Isle of Walcheren; made a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Ʋtretcht, in 1559. by Pope Paul IV; the Collegiate Church in 1561 being converted into a Cathedral, and the Revenues of a famous Ab∣bey, that was here, applied to serve for the use of the Bishoprick. It is great, rich, populous, extreme∣ly well fortified, and has been under the Ʋnited Provinces ever since 1574: in which it was taken by their Forces from the Spaniards. The Abbey is now the Town-house. § There is a Town in Flanders, under the Ʋnited Provinces, two German Miles from Bruges to the North; and an Island in the East-Indies, both called by the same name.

Middlefart, a Town in the Island of Fuynen, in the Baltick Sea; giving name to the Channel, Mid∣delfart or Middle-Passage, betwixt this Island and Jutland.

Middlesex, Middlesexia, Trinobantes, is bound∣ed on the North by Hartfordshire; on the West by Buckingham, (separated by the River Colne;) on the South by Surrey, cut off by the Thames; and on the East by Essex. divided from it by the Lea. It is nineteen English Miles in length, and sixteen in breadth; one of the least Counties in England: but its Fertility and nearness to London, abundantly re∣compenseth this want of Extent. The ancient Bri∣tish Inhabitants were the Trinobantes: afterwards it was a part of the Kingdom of the East-Saxons. White-hall and S. James, the Royal Mansions of the Kings of England, are both in this County: to which may be added Hampton Court, their Coun∣try House of Pleasure: and LONDON the Capital of England, is its Head. The Honorable Charles Sackville Earl of Dorset, is also Earl of Middlesex, by a Creation of Feb. 4. 1674. Which Title was first bestowed by K. James I. in 1622. on Lionel Lord Cranfield, Lord Treasurer of England; whose Son James enjoyed the same; and after him Lionel, Bro∣ther of James, in whom it died.

Middleham, a Market Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Hangwest, upon the River Youre.

Midhurst, a Corporation in the County of Suf∣folk, in Chichester Rape, which returns two Mem∣bers of Parliament.

Midlewich, a Market Town in Cheshire, in the Hundred of Northwich, upon the River Croke, near its fall into the Dane.

Midour, Midorius, a River in Gascogne in France; which ariseth in the County of Armagnac; and flow∣eth Westward through Marsan, (the Capital of which it washeth;) then takes in the Douse, and beneath Tartas sixteen Miles from Bourdeaux to the South, falls into the Adour.

Mignone, Minio, Magnone, a River of Italy, which ariseth in Sabatina; and flowing through S. Pe∣ter's Patrimony, falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea between Civita Vecchia and Cornetto.

Milan, Milano, Mediolanum, by the Germans called Meilandt, one of the greatest and most no∣ble Cities in Italy; built by the Galls in the year of Rome 345. three hundred and fifty seven years before the Birth of our Saviour; others say it was built An∣no Mundi 2488. which is above one thousand years sooner. The Romans first took it in the year of Rome 531. Marcellus their General Triumphing for the Slaughter of Viridomare the Prince of it, and the taking this City. This City however joined with the Carthaginians in the Second Punick War; and was not reduced without the loss of six thousand of her Inhabitants. In the times of Christianity, being con∣verted by S. Barnabas, it became an Archbishop's See, and suffered very much from the Arrian Princes, though in the end it preserved the Catholick Faith. Attila, King of the Huns, took and spoiled this, and several Neighbouring Cities; particularly Florence and Verona in the year of Christ 452. The next that became Masters of it were the Lombards, who possess'd themselves of it about 570. It continued under this Nation till 774. under a Succession of twenty three Princes. Only it is said Aribert, the se∣venteenth King, gave the Duchy of Milan to the Church of Rome. But the Successors of this Prince not agreeing with the Popes, Adrian I. procured

Charles the Great to destroy this Kingdom: who took Desiderius, carried him Prisoner into France, and put an end to the Kingdom of the Lombards, in the year of Christ 774. It continued under this Fa∣mily, and the Emperors of Germany, till 1161: when it took part with Pope Alexander III. against Fre∣derick Barbarossa, and was for it rased to the ground: but it recovered; and outing the Emperors about 1221. became a Republick: and continued so till 1277. when it fell under Otho by the Title of Vis∣conti, but as subject to the Emperors of Germany. John Galeazo, the eighth of these, was made a Duke by Wenceslaus I. Emperor, in 1395. It continued under Dukes, till Lewis XII. in 1501. by the Con∣quest of Lewis, an usurping Duke, got it; Maximili∣an got it from the French in 1513. Francis, a Bro∣ther of this Maximilian, the seventeenth Duke, suc∣ceeded him in 1529. Francis I. King of France, won and lost it again in 1521. And being taken Pri∣soner by the Forces of Charles V. in the Battel of Pavia in 1525, he was forced for his Liberty to re∣nounce all his Pretences to this Duchy: upon the death of Francis Sforze, in 1535. it was by Charles V. united for ever to the Crown of Spain, under which it still is. At this day, after all these Sufferings, it is the greatest and most beautiful City in Lombardy; the most populous too; its Inhabitants being thought to be two hundred thousand Souls. Its Trade is equal to its Greatness; and the Inhabitants very rich. It is seven Miles in compass; has one of the strongest Cit∣tadels in the World, with an University. It stands upon the River Olona, three hundred and twenty five Miles from Rome, one hundred and sixty five from Venice, and two hundred and thirty from Lyons. Long. 31. 30. Lat. 44. 40. In the years 344. and 350, two Councils were here Congregated against the Ar∣rians. In 355. the Arrians carried it against the ad∣verse Party, and sent a great number thereof into Ba∣nishment. In 390. there was another celebrated against Jovinian. In 451. the Doctrine of the Incarnation of the Word, as expressed in the Epistle of Pope Leo to Flavianus Bishop of Constantinople, received the approbation of a Council at this place. In 679. they held another against the Menethelites. And di∣vers since, of inferior note. § The Dukedom of Mi∣lan is a part of Lombardy; bounded on the North by Switzerland, and the Grisons; on the East by the Republick of Venice, and the Dukedom of Placen∣tia; on the South by the States of Genoua; and on the West by Montisferat and Piedmont. The Soil is extreamly fruitful, plain, well watered, very full of People, and consequently well improved. It espe∣cially abounds with Vines and Barley. Heretofore much greater than now: It contained twenty nine Cities, which are now reduced to ten; Alessandria, Bobbio, Como, Cremona, Lodi, Milan, Novara, Pavia, Tortona, and Vigevan. Of the Fate and Hi∣story of this Dukedom, I have spoken in the Descri∣ption of the City: and I need add nothing here, but that it is accounted the richest and noblest Dukedom in Christendom; as Flanders is the noblest Earldom.

Milel, Lethon, a River in Africa, in Cyrene.

Mileto, Melita. See Melito.

Miletus, one of the most considerable antient Cities of Ionia, in the Lesser Asia, with a Port to the Aegean Sea, upon the Frontiers of Caria, and near the River Meander. Founded in the year of the World, according to Eusebius, 2779; and, in the beginning, famous above the rest of Greece for Na∣val Forces. They built the Town Naucratis in E∣gypt, and made War with Sadyatus King of Lydia. Alexander M overcame them, next the Romans. Thales the eldest Philosopher, Anaximander, and Anximenes, were Natives of this City.

Milebum, Milevis or Mela, an ancient City in the division of Numidia, in Africa. Aurelius, Arch∣bishop of Carthage, assembled a Council here in 402. There was another in 416. at which S. Augustine assisted. The latter condemned the Principles of Pe∣lagius and Caelestius, touching Grace and Infant-Baptism.

Milford Haven, a Celebrated Sea-Port in the County of Pembroke, in South Wales, upon the Irish Sea.

Milau, a Territory in Rovergue in France; Ager Aemilianus.

Milaud, Milhaud, Millialdum, Amilhanum, a City of France, in the Province of Rovergue; in the Borders of Languedoc; upon the River Tarn, which watering Alby, falls into the Garonne. Its Fortifica∣tions were razed in 1629. This City is seated in Givaudan; seven Leagues from Lodeve to the North, and eight from Rhodez to the North East: hereto∣fore very strong.

Mildenhall, a large and populous Market Town in the County of Suffolk, and the Hundred of Lack∣ford, upon the Banks of a River running into the Ouse; adorn'd with a fair Church.

Milli, Milliacum, commonly called Milli en Gatinois, is a Town in the Territory of Gastinois, in the Isle of France, upon the Rivulet of Escolle, five Leagues from Melun and twelve from Paris.

Milo, Melos, an Island in the Aegean Sea, or the Archipelago; sixty Miles in compass, very fruitful and well peopled; having a City of the same name, which has a large and a safe Haven, defended by three Forts, seated on the South side of the Island; and a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Rhodes. It lies in the middle, between Candy and Negropont. First inhabited by the Phoenicians; after by the Greeks, who gave it this name from its abundance of Honey. It was the Country of Diagoras, the first Atheistical Philosopher. It has plenty of delicate spotted Marble, all kinds of Corn and Oil, Pitch and Brimstone; but it wants Wine. Over against it lies a little Island, called Anti-Milo.

Milopotomo, Milopotamos, a Castle, and a City which has an Harbor on the North Shore of the Isle of Candy: also a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Candia; seated near the Mouth of the River Ar∣cadius; thirty Miles from Candia to the West. This Town and Castle is now in the Hands of the Turks.

Milton, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Scray Lath, not far from the Isse of Shepey. It was a Place of Account in the Reign of Edward the Confessor.

Mina, or S. George de Mina, a Castle in Guinee, on the Coast de Or; which is of great strength, and has belonging to it a very large Harbor. This Ca∣stle was first built by the French in 1383. They being forced to leave it, the Portuguese in 1482. built another in the same place; which continued in their Hands till 1637. when the Hollanders took it from them. John II. King of Portugal gave it the name of S. George, after his Conquest of it. § There is also a River called Mina, in the Kingdom of Algier.

Mindanao, one of the greatest of the Philippine Islands, and the most Southern: heretofore under the Dominion of the Spaniards, but now revolted from them; it is in length from East to West, four hundred Spanish Miles; in Long. 150. Lat. between 5. and 10. The principal City lies on the South-West side of the Island, and is of the same name.

Minden, Minda, a strong City in Westphalia in Germany; which is a Bishop's See, under the Arch∣bishop of Cologn. Also an Imperial and Free City, and a Hanse Town; governed by its own Officers,

tho it is but small. It stands nine German Miles from Osnabruck, (or Osenburgh) to the East; ten from Hanover, and twelve from Ferden to the South; upon the Weser. Made a Bishop's See in 780. by Charles the Great; and it embraced the Augustane Confession in 1582. There is a Principality belong∣ing to it, called Furstenthumb Minden.

Mindora, one of the Philippine Islands; about a hundred Leagues in Circuit, with a City and Port of its own name; separated from the Island of Lus∣son by the Streights of Mindora; under the Spa∣niards. It lies in 145 deg. of Long. North-West of Mindanao, South-West of Lucania, and North-East of Paragoa.

Minehead, a Corporation in Somersetshire, in the Hundred of Carhampton, by the Sea-side, to which it has a Harbour; electing two Parliament Men.

Mingrela, a great Town in the Province of Visapour, in the Kingdom of Decan, in the Hither East-Indies, within half a League of the Sea; much frequented by the Vessels from Japan, Bengale, Zey∣lan, &c. especially Dutch, whose East-India Compa∣ny keeps a Comptoir here.

Mingrellia. See Mengrelia.

Minibar, India, a Province of Asia.

Minho, or Minno, Minius, a River in Spain, which ariseth in Galicia, near the Village called Il Castro de Rey: four Leagues from Mondofiedo: and watering Lugo and Orense, (after it has divided Ga∣licia into two parts) it becomes a boundary between it and Portugal; five Leagues beneath Tuy, it pas∣seth into the Atlantick Ocean, between Bayone and Lima.

Minorca, an Island belonging to Spain in the Me∣diterranean Sea; which belonged to the Kingdom of Majorca: about fifty six Miles in compass, and much of the same nature with Majorca: the principal Towns are Citadella, (seated on the West side of the Island) and Porto Mahon a delicate Haven.

Minori, Minora, a City in the Principato Citra in the Kingdom of Naples, being a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Amalfi; upon the Gulph of Sa∣lerno.

Minturnae, a ruined City of the ancient Campa∣nia, in Latium, in Italy, below the mouth of the Ri∣ver Liris; showing nothing at this day, but the marks of its pristine honour, in the rests of Aqua∣ducts and Amphitheatres. It has been an Episcopal City.

Minucciano, a small Town in the Territory of Carfagnano in Italy, under the Republick of Lucca.

Mirali, the same with Derbent.

Miranda de Douro, a City of Portugal, upon the North side of the River Douro; twelve Leagues from Samora to the West, and from Salamanca to the North West; and six from Braganza to the South. Built in 1312 by Dionysius King of Portugal; and made a Bishops See, under the Archibishop of Bra∣ganza, by Pope Paul III. in 1555. Being a Frontier Town against the Kingdom of Leon, in the Western Confines of which it stands, it is very strongly forti∣fied.

Miranda de Ebro, a small City in Old Castile, which has a Castle upon the Ebro, in the Confines of Biscay and Castile; seventeen Miles from Bilbao to the South, thirteen from Burgos to the North-East, and twelve from Logrono to the West.

Mirande, a small Town in the County of Ar∣magnac in France, in the Territory of Astarac or Estrac, whereof it is the Capital, upon the River Baise: four or five Leagues from Ausch, and some∣thing more from Tarbes.

Mirandola, Mirandula, a small but very strong City in Italy, which has a strong Castle; under its own Duke, who is a Sovereign Prince, with a small Terri∣tory which belongs to it. This City stands twenty, two Miles from Modena to the North, ten from the Po to the South, and twenty seven from Mantoua to the South-East.

Lo Stato della Mirandola, is a small Dukedom in the Lower Lombardy; bounded on the North by the Dukedom of Mantoua, on the South by that of Modena. This Dukedom is a Fee of the Duchy of Parma; and together with Concordia, (another small Territory) makes the Patrimony of the Family of the Pici; who obtained it from Matilda, Countess of Par∣ma, in 1102. Ever since which time they have enjoy∣ed it.

Mirebeau, Mirabellum, a small City in the Pro∣vince of Poictou in France; built upon an Hill, five Leagues from Poictiers to the North. It is now in a declining Condition; and its Castle demolished; having much suffered in the late Civil Wars. It is the Capital of the Territory of Mirebalais.

Mirecourt, Mirecurtium, a City of the Ʋpper Lorain, towards Mount Vauge; seven Leagues from Nancy to the South, and from Toul to the same quar∣ter; thirty six from Dyon to the North-East, six from the Confines of Champagne to the East. It is the Capital of the Territory of Vauge, standing upon the little River Maidon, which falls into the Moselle at Chaligni.

Miremont, a Town in the Province of Perigort, in Aquitain in France, upon a small River falling into the Vezere, seven or eight Leagues from Peri∣gueux and Bergerac. Here there is a very long Sub∣terraneous Caverne, call'd la Caverne de Cluseau; in which Altars, Paintings, and rooms are pretended to be discovered, as if the Pagans had sacrificed in this place to the Infernal Gods.

Mirepoix, Mirapisca, Mirapicium, Mirapincum, a City of the Ʋpper Languedoc in France, in the County of Foix, upon the River Gers; three Leagues from Foix to the East, and eleven from Tolouse to the South. Made a Bishops See, under the Archbi∣shop of Tolouse, by Pope John XXII. In 1318; hav∣ing been before a part of the Diocese belonging to that Archbishoprick. The Earls of this place, in the War against the Albigenses, for their bravery, obtained the title of Mareschalls of the Faith.

Miron, or Hued Icer, Serbes, a River in the King∣dom of Algier.

Miscow, an Island in the Gulph of S. Laurence, in the North America, belonging to New France, betwixt that Country and the Island of S. John: small but very fruitful.

Missa, Senna, Sena, a River of Italy, which wa∣tereth Ʋrbino, (the Capital of the Dukedom of that name) and falls in the Gulph of Venice; four Miles from Signiglia to the North-West. Called by the latter Geographers il Cesano.

Misitra, Lacedaemon, Sparta, is an ancient and most famous City of the Morea; seated upon the Ri∣ver Eurotas, (now called Vafilipotamo;) thirty Miles from Megalopolis to the South, one hundred and twen∣ty from Athens to the South-West, and twenty from the nearest Shoar of the Mediterranean Sea. This was the Old Sparta. Long. 48. 50. Lat. 38. 31. It is situate partly upon a Plain, partly upon the foot of Mount Tayget; which within Cannon Shot closeth it on the North: the River descending from some Hills on the North-West, incompasseth it on the West and South. In ancient times it was (as Polybius saith) forty eight Greek Stades in Circuit, which is six Eng∣lish Miles: but it had a very unhealthful Situation; the Mountain on the North side cutting off the cool∣ing Breezes, and redoubling by Reflection the Violence of the Rays of the Sun, which make it even now

(when there is so few Inhabitants in it) subject to the Plague every Autumn: besides the Mountain renders it weak and undefensible. This City is said to be built about the Year of the World 2997. in the days of the Patriarch Jacob; 1763 Years before the Birth of our Saviour: which account (if it be true) makes Misitra 983 years older than Rome. There was no City in the World that flourished so many Ages as this in Military Glory: it had a considerable share in all those Actions which made the ancient Greeks so famous. It had Kings also the longest of any of the Grecian Cities: for many Ages two at once: and when they took away the Power from them, they pre∣served the name. This City was never brought under the Power of any Stranger; till Philopoemen (a Ma∣cedonian, who died in the Year of the World 3767.) took and abolished Lycurgus his Laws. Which is placed by Helvicus in the Year of the World 3767. one hundred and ninety one Years before the Birth of our Saviour. After this it became so inconsiderable, as to be rarely mentioned: only we are informed the Greek Emperors made it the Appenage of their Elder Sons. Mahomet II. (stiled the Great) was the first of the Turkish Princes, who in 1458. or thereabouts, possessed himself of this City and the Cittadel, built in the latter times on the top of Mount Taygetus. In 1473. the Venetians took the City from the Turks: but not being able to master the Cittadel, they were soon after forced to desert it. In 1687. the Bassa of Misitra Articled with the Victorious Venetians to March away with only what the Garrison could carry. This City is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Corinth; at this day very small, and little peopled.

Misnia, Libonotria, is a Province and Marquisate of Germany, called by the Inhabitants Meissen, or Meissnerlandt. It is a considerable part of the Ʋp∣per Saxony; bounded on the North by the Principa∣lity of Anhalt; on the East by Lusatia; on the South by Bohemia, and Franconia; and on the West by Thuringia. The greatest part is under the Elector of Saxony, who resides at Dresden, the Capital City. The other considerable Places are Leipsick, Meissen, Mers∣burg, Naumburg, and Zwicaro.

Misraim, the most ancient name of Egypt.

Mistretta, Amestrata, a very ancient Town in Sicily, in the North-West part of the Island; upon the River Alaesum; fourteen Miles from the Tyrrhe∣nian Sea, and fifty five from Palermo to the East.

Modbury, a Market Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Armington, betwixt the Rivers Arme and Aune.

La Mocha, an Island of the South Sea, near the Kingdom of Chili, in America.

Modena, Mutina, a City of Lombardy in Italy; the Capital of a Sovereign Dukedom of the same name. Seated in a Plain upon the River Secchia; the great∣est Bed of which runs four Miles more to the West: but it has two Branches; one runs under the Walls, the other through the City of Modena; and a little beneath the City unite and fall into the Panaro. This City lies twenty Miles from Bologna to the North-West, and forty four from Ferrara to the South-West. It is naturally strong by its Situation; forti∣fied too; and has had a Castle added of latter times for its greater security. Ancient Story informs us, this City was a Roman Colony of great Strength and Re∣putation; and that M. Antonius besieged D. Brutus, (the principal Conspirator against Julius Caesar) here: but Hirtius and Pansa, (the two Consuls) coming up, Antonius was forced to raise the Siege: where∣upon followed a bloody Fight, in which both these Consuls were slain, in the Year of Rome 711. In the times of the Goths and Lombards, it was intirely ruined; but rebuilt by the Children of Charles the Great. In 973. here was a Council held for the com∣posing some differences amongst the German Princes. This City is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ravenna.

Lo Stato di Modena, Mutinensis Ducatus; the Dukedom of Modena is bounded on the North with the Dukedoms of Mantoua and Mirandola; on the East with the Territory of Bologna; on the South with the Dukedom of Tuscany; and the States of Lu∣ca on the West, with the Dukedom of Parma. It ex∣tends from North to South sixty, from East to West forty five Miles: heretofore under the Duke of Ferra∣ra; but the eldest Line of that Family failing in Al∣phonsus II. in 1597, the Dukes of Modena, (who were a younger Branch of the same Family) put in their Claim for the whole Succession; but were opposed by Pope Clement VIII. Whereupon ensued a War, which was ended by a Treaty the next Year; the Pope keeping Ferrara, and the Duke Modena, as a Sove∣reign State. Alphonsus d'Este the present Duke, is the Third of this Line, since the Sovereignty fell into this Family; descended from a Race of Dukes which began in 1452. when the Emperor Frederick III. in favour of Borso d'Este, first erected this State into a Dukedom. Tho this Family is the same with that of Brunswick in Germany, said to be eight hundred years old; yet the noblest Branch it ever produced, is Mary Queen Consort to King James II. This Country is much celebrated for its great fertility.

Modica, Motuca, an ancient City of Sicily, upon a River of the same name; ten Miles from Pachino, the most South-East Cape of that Island, and five from the Southern Shoar. It is now in a flourishing State.

Modin, an ancient Town of Palestine, upon a Hill, betwixt Emaus and Rhama; famous for being the Country of the Heroical Macchabees.

Modon, Methone, a City of the Morea, on the Southern Shoar, in the Province of Belvedore, called Messenia by Strabo, Pliny and others; by the Vene∣tians Modon; by the Turks Mutune. It is now a fine strong City, a frequented Port, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Patras: has a strong Castle, a large and safe Haven; about eleven English Miles from Navarino to the South, twenty five from Coron to the West, and sixty two from Cape Matapan to the same quarter. Seated in a fruitful and delightful Country, strong by Nature and Art, and is the com∣mon Residence of the Sangiac of the Morea. In the times of Trajan it suffered very much by a parcel of Illyrian Barbarians, who surprized and slew many of its Inhabitants: which loss that generous Prince re∣paired by his Princely Compassion, and advantageous Privileges granted to it. In 1208. the Genouese ra∣vished it from the Venetians, but did not hold it long. In 1124. it came first into the hands of the Venetians; but was taken from them the year following by the Greek Emperor. In 1204. the Venetians retook it. Bajazet II. in 1498. besieged it with an Army of an hundred and fifty thousand Men; and took it by a kind of surprize, after a stout defence, upon the arrival of a considerable Succour; which drew the Inhabitants from their Posts to their ruin. In 1659. Morosini, the Venetian General, took it; and might have taken Coron too, if he had not been forced to Sail away to the Dardanells, for the security of Candy. The Turks regained this Place in the end of the Candian War. But in 1686. the Venetian Arms again prevailed, to deliver this noble and strong City out of the Hands of the Infidels. They found in it ninety nine pieces of Canon.

Modruch, Modrusa, a City in Croatia; eighteen

Miles from Zeng or Segna to the North, and eight from Carlstat to the South-West: Once a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Zara in Dalmatia.

Moen or Mone, an Island in the Baltick, be∣longing to Denmark, and not far from Zeland. Hav∣ing in it a Town called Stege, or Stoke.

Moers. See Muers.

Moeris, a Lake in the Kingdom of Egypt, seventy two Miles from the ancient Memphis, to the West: said by Mela to be twenty Miles in circumference. Here stood the Labyrinth, so famous in Antiquity, by the descriptions that are given of it in Pliny, Herodotus and Strabo. It contained sixteen, or thirty (some say) several principal quarters of Apartments; full of the Statues of the Gods and Kings of Egypt, together with such numbers of Palaces, Temples, Pyramids, Galleries &c. Contrived one about and within another, that it requi∣red the help of a thread to walk forth. Travellers report, there are yet to be seen three hundred and fifty Cham∣bers, in the fashion of a Labyrinth, in the same place; and that it is now called Castro Caron.

Moesel, Mosella, a River in the Dukedom of Lo∣rain, called by the French, la Moselle; by the Ger∣mans, Das Moesel; it ariseth from Mount Vauge, a little above the Village of Bussans, in the Confines of Alsatia and the Franche Comte; and flowing North∣ward through Lorain, watereth Toul; beneath which it takes in the Murthe from Nancy; so goes to Metz, where it takes in the Seylle, another great River from the East; so passeth Thionvillein, and Luxemburgh, to Trier (or Trevès), above which it takes in the Sar; and at Coblentz, falls into the Rhine.

Moesia, a Province of the ancient Illyricum, be∣twixt Macedonia, Thracia, and Dacia; called by the Romans, for its fertility, the Granary of Ceres. It was divided into the Ʋpper and Lower Moesia. The first is the same now with the modern Servia, the other with Bulgaria.

Moghali, Emodus, a vast Branch of Mount Tau∣rus in Asia; which separates India from Tartary; called by others Dalanguer. See Taurus, and Dalan∣guer.

The Empire of the Great Mogul. See Indo∣stan.

Mohacz, Mohatz, a Town in the Lower Hunga∣ry, upon the Danube; between the River Sarwiza to the North, and the Drave to the South; four Ger∣man Miles from either, six from Esseck to the North, and nine from Colocza to the South. This otherwise small Place is memorable for two great Battels here fought: the first between Lewis King of Hungary, and Solyman the Magnificent, in 1526: in which that un∣fortunate Prince Lewis, (being about twenty years old) with twenty five thousand Men, fought three hundred thousand Turks: when being over-powered by num∣ber, twenty two thousand of the Christian Army were slain upon the place; five thousand Wagons, eighty great Cannon, six hundred small ones, with all their Tents and Baggage were taken by the Victors; and the King in his flight over the Brook Curass feil into a Quagmire, and was swallowed up: after which Soly∣man took and slew two hundred thousand Hungari∣ans; and got such a footing in this Kingdom, that he could never be expelled. This fatal Battel was fought October 29. The second in some part retrieves the Loss and Infamy of the former. The Duke of Lorain being sent by the Emperor with express Orders to pass the Drave and take Esseck, his Highness July 10. 1687. with great difficulty passed that River, then ex∣tremely swelled with continued Rains: but finding the Prime Visier Encamped at Esseck with an Army of an hundred thousand Men, so strongly, that it was not possible to Attack him in that Post, without the ruin of the Christian Army; he retreated, and repassed the 23 of the same Month: whereupon the 29 the Prime Visier passed that River at Esseck; and upon August 12. there followed a bloody Fight; in which the Turks lost an hundred pieces of Cannon; twelve Mortars; all their Ammunition, Provisions, Tents, Baggage, and Treasure; and about eight thousand Men upon the place of Battel; besides what were drowned in passing the River, which could never be known: after which Victory, General Dunewalt, Sep∣tember 30. found Esseck totally deserted by the Turks, and took Possession of it.

Mohilow, Mohilovia, a City of Poland, in the Province of Lithuania, upon the River Nieper; in the Palatinate of Witebsko; ten Polish Miles from Orsa to the South, twenty two from Smolensco to the North-West, and eighteen from M••islaw to the West. It is seated on a Hill, well fortified, full of Inhabi∣tants: the Russ in 1654. took it; but the Poles in 1656. regained the Possession of it. There is a Col∣lege of the Jesuits here.

Moienvic, a small Town in the Dutchy of Lorain in France, upon the River Leille, betwixt Marsal and Vic. Taken by Lewis XIII. and ceded by the Treaty of Munster to France in 1648. Its Fortifica∣tions are demolished.

Moissac, a Town in the County of Quercy, in Guienne in France, upon the River Tarn, which soon after falls into the Garonne. This Town has been of∣ten taken and retaken, by times, by the Romans, Goths, the Kings of France, Dukes of Aquitaine, Earls of Tolouse and Montfort, in the English Conquests, and the French Civil Wars. It now has a famous large Abbey of the Benedictines, to whom belongs the Lordship of part of the Town, and to the King the other.

Moldavia, Pars Moesiae inferioris, is a considera∣ble Region in Europe; which heretofore belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary, and more anciently was a part of Dacia: Called by the Inhabitants, Moldove: Multaus, (or Multauska) by the Poles; and Moldau by the Germans. Bounded on the North by Transyl∣vania, on the West by the Ʋpper Hangary, on the South by the Danube, (which parts it from Servia, and Bulgaria) and on the E. Walachia. The Capital of it is Buchorest. The same Author tells us on the Au∣thority of the Count de Morstein, Lord Treasurer of Poland; that it is of much greater extent than Wala∣chia, though otherwise represented in the Maps. This Country takes its name from a River or Town in it; and extends from East to West ninety French Leagues, from North to South s••••e••ty. Very fruitful, and has an excellent Air. The Inhabitants are Christian•• of the Greek Church, under the Patriarch of Constanti∣nople. After Bajazet II. had in 1485 Conquered Bessarabia, the Moldavians set up a Prince of their own Nation; who prevailed against the Tarturs, Turks, and Poles. His Successors have not been equal∣ly Fortunate: For after many bloody contests, in 1620. the Turk got finally the Mastery of the Molda∣vians; and disposed of this Principality to whom he pleased; who paid yearly to the Port, as a Tribute, one hundred and eighty thousand Crowns; besides Presents, and other Exactions; the Turks labouring to impoverish this People what they could to keep them the more under. In 1686. the Poles over-ran all their Country, and took their principal Cities: They therefore since relinquished the Ottoman Interest and voluntarily put themselves under the Pro∣tection of the Emperor. Anno 1688.

Mole, a River of the County of Surrey, which runs through Darking, and empties it self into the Thames near Hampton-Court.

Molfa, Melphes, a River of the hither Principate, in the Kingdom of Naples; which falls into the Tyr∣rhenian

Sea, twelve Miles from Policastro to the West. It is written sometimes Molpa.

Molfctta, Melfictum, a City in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Province of Bari, on the Ionian Sea; between Bari to the South, and Trani to the North; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bari. It is small but well Peopled; and born by the Family of Spinula, with the Title of a Princi∣pality.

Molina, a Town in New Castile, seated in a Plain; between two Mountains; four Leagues from the bor∣ders of Arragon; which has under it a Jurisdiction of seventy five Villages; called, El Sennorio di Molina, the Lordship of Molina; which is thought so consi∣derable, that the King of Spain wears this Title.

Molingar, Molingaria, a small City in the Coun∣ty of East Meath, in the Province of Leinster in Ire∣land; which is the Capital of that County: thirty Miles from Dublin to the West. Upon a Lake.

Molise, Molisinus Comitatus, a County in the Kingdom of Naples; between Abruzzo to the North, the Capitanate to the East, Terra di Lavoro to the West, and the Principato to the South. It takes its name from a Castle in it.

Molossi, an ancient People of the Kingdom of Epi∣rus, in Greece.

Molsheim, Molsemium, a small City in the Lower Alsatia, upon the River Breuch; two German Miles from Strasburgh to the West; in which the Chapter of Serasburgh settled, after they were by the Reforma∣tion driven thence. This City was severely treated in 1677: but is now rebuilding.

The Molucques, Moluccae, by the Spaniards called las Molucas, are five small Islands towards the Western Shoar of the Isle of Gilolo in the East-Indies; lying near the Line: in Long. 150. deg. called Ter∣nata, Tidor, Machian, Motir, and Bachian. The greatest of them is forty five Miles in Compass. They lie extended from North to South, on both sides the Line; only regardable on the account of the vast quantities of Spice, which are from hence sent over all the World. About the Year of Christ 1013. the Chinian Empire, being then in a flourishing State, first became Masters of these Islands; but not without Blood and Treasure. About sixty years after, they were expelled by the Inhabitants of Malucca; after which succeeded the Persians, mixed with Arabians; and by the latter they were called the Molucca Isles. The ancient Greeks and Romans knew nothing of them, though they had Spices from them, brought by the Indian and Arabian Merchants by the way of the Red Sea. In latter times those were brought by Persia to the Caspian and Euxine Seas; and thence dispersed over Christendom by the Genouese and Ve∣netians. After the Turks prevailed in Asia, the Trade was turned by the way of Grand Cairo, and Alexan∣dria. But after the Portuguese by many discoveries had opened their way to the East-Indies, about 1512. they first arrived in these Islands; and cut off all Trade between the Arabians and them; by which the Sultan of Egypt lost eight hundred thousand Ducats a year. The Spaniards came hither under Ferdinando Magal∣haens, about 1520: whereupon ensued a Contest be∣tween Charles V. and John III. (King of Portugal) concerning the Dominion of these Islands: Charles re∣signed his Right to John for two hundred thousand Ducats. About 1579. the English, under Drake, began to disturb the Portuguese here. About 1599. the Hollanders began to send numerous and strong Fleets into these Seas; by which, (and the great Wars, and Changes which have since happened in Spain and Portuga') they have intirely possessed themselves of these Islands. The Earth is extremely dry and po••ey, ke a Pumice-stone: it drinks up, not only the Rain as fast as it falls, but all those Springs and Rivers too from the Hills, before they can reach the Sea: and in many places sends out fire and smoak. The Plains are covered with Sand and Shells; so that except Spice, it scarce affords any thing useful to the Life of Man.

Mombaza, or Monbaze, Monbaza, Monbaccia, a Kingdom, near the Equinoctial Line, of Zanguebar, in Africa; betwixt the Kingdoms of Queilloa and Me∣linde, of great extent: the King, who gives himself the title of the Emperor of the World, is able to bring into the Field an Army of 80000 Men. The Capital City enjoys the same name, and has a strong Castle built by the Portuguese, and a fine Sea-Port or Haven: It stands an hundred and fifty Leagues from Quiloa to the North, in an Island of about four Leagues Circumference. Long. 65. 00. Southern Lat. 30. 00. Dr. Heylyn placeth it Long. 72. 00. Lat. 4. 50. Fran∣cis Almaida, the Portugal Viceroy of Africa, sack'd and burnt this City in 1505. After which, the Por∣tuguese secured themselves of the Cittadel, till 1631: when the King of Monbaze took it by assault, Mas∣sacred all the Christians, and (from a Christian Con∣vert) turned Turk again to be protected by the Turks.

Mommedi, a strong Castle in Lorain.

Mompellier, Mons Pessulus, or Pessulanus, a City in the Lower Languedoc in France; which has been a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Narbon ever since the Year 1636: when it was substituted in the place of Maguelone, a ruined City, by Pope Paul III. It stands upon the River Lez upon an Hill; two Leagues from the Mediterranean Sea to the North, and fifteen from Narbon to the East. Sold in 1349. by Sanctius, King of Majorca, (whose Predecessors, and he till then was possessed of it) to Philip de Va∣loise, King of France. It is great, populous, well built; and has an University, particularly famous for the study of Physick.

Monaco. See Munchen.

Monaco, Menaecium, Herculis Monoecii Portus, corruptly called Mourgues by the Neighborhood; is a small Sea Port Town in the States of Genoua; of great Antiquity, being mentioned by Strabo and Pto∣lemy. It is now very strongly fortified; has a strong Castle built on a Rock, a safe Harbor upon the Me∣diterranean Sea, and a Princely Pallace belonging to the Family of Grimaldi; (the supreme Lords of the Town), though under the Protection of the Crown of France, ever since 1641. This is the Capital of the little principality of Monaco, to which belong only two places more, Rocca Bruna and Menton. It is al∣most surrounded by the County of Nice: but on the East it has the States of Genoua; and at this Town the Maritim Alpes begin. It stands about two Miles from Nizza to the East, and sixty two from Embrun to the South-East.

Mon, Mona, Anglesey, an Island and County in Wales.

Monaghan, a Town and County in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland. The County hath on the East of it Armagh; on the North Tyrone; on the South and South-East Cavan, Lowthe, and part of East Meath; and on the West Fermanagh. It contains five Baronies.

Monbeliar, Mons Belligardus, a Town and Coun∣ty in the Franche Comte; belonging to the Duke of Wurtenburgh; called by the Germans, Mompelgart, by the French, Montbeliart. The County lies between Suntgow to the East; and the Franche Comte to the West, North, and South: under a Prince of its own. The Town stands at the foot of Mount Vauge, upon the River Alaine; (which a little lower falls into the Doux, Dubis:) and has a Castle in which resides the Count, who is of the Family of Wurtenburgh; but

the out-works of this Castle are destroyed. This Town is forty Miles from Besanzon to the South-East, and thirty three from Basil to the West.

Monbrison, Monbrisonium, a City in le Forez, (a Province of France) upon the River Vesie; sixteen Leagues from Lion to the West, and two from the Loyre to the same. Called in the middle Writers Mons Brusonis.

Moncastro, the same with Bialogorod.

Moncayo, Caunus, a Mountain which lies in the Confines of Arragon and Old Castile; two Leagues from Tarrazona to the South, and six from the E∣bro.

Moncenis, Mons Cenisius, Cibenica juga, a Moun∣tain, over which the high Road lies between Piedmont and Savoy.

Moncon, Montio, a fortified Town of the King∣dom of Arragon, in Spain, upon an Hill, with the River Cinea running at its foot.

Moncontour, Monconturium, a small Town in the Province of Poictou in France, upon the ascent of a Hill, where the River Dive passes, nine or ten Leagues from Poictiers, towards Loudun. It was made remarkable in 1569. by the Victory which the Roman Catbolicks gained over the Huguenots in the Reign of Charles IX; whose Army Royal fought un∣der the Command of Henry Duke of Anjou, afterwards K. Henry III. and that of the Huguenots, under Admi∣ral Coligny.

Mondego, Monda, Munda, a River in Portugal; which ariseth near la Guarda, a City of that King∣dom; and flowing Westward, between the Douero to the North and the Tajo (Tagus) to the South, it di∣vides the Province of Beira: and washing the City of Coimbra, seven Leagues lower, falls into the Atlan∣tick Ocean.

Mondonnedo, Mindon, Mindonia, Glandomirum, a small City of Galicia, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Compostella; it sprung up out of the ruins of Bretonia, a near City; four Leagues from the Ocean, eight from Lugo to the North, and six from Rivadeo to the West. It is small, and in a de∣caying State: seated in the Mountains; and washed by Valindares and Sexto, two small Rivolets. Long. 9. 25. Lat. 43. 18.

Mondi, or Mondevi, Mondovi, and Montdevis, Mons vici, Mons Realis, a strong City in Piedmont in Italy; which has a Noble Castle, and is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Turin; the second next to Turin, within that principality, for largeness and po∣pulousness. Seated on a Mount or Hill, at the Foot of the Apennine; towards the Borders of the State of Genoua, and of the Dukedom of Montisferat: it had heretosore an University, which is since removed to Turin. It belonged heretofore to the Dukedom of Montisferat; and at the Request of Theodorus II. (Marquess of Montisferat) was made a Bishops See in 1388. Pope Pius V. was Bishop of this place, when he was chosen Pope. It stands two Miles from the Tanaro, fifteen from Cunio to the East, and eighteen from Alba to the South: now under the Duke of Savoy. Charles Emanuel I. Duke of Savoy, was the Founder of the Cathedral here, in which they pretend to preserve a miraculous Image of the Blessed Vir∣gin.

Mondidier, Mons desiderii, Mondiderium, a strong and garrisoned Town in the tract of Santerre, in Picardy in France, upon an Hill, betwixt Amiens and Compiegne, near a little River falling into the Auregue. It hath repulsed several attacques of the Spaniards.

Monemagt, or Mono-Emugi, Monemagium, a Kingdom in Africa, in the Lower Aethiopia; other∣wise called Nimeamaje: it is a great Kingdom; ex∣tending from the Kingdom of Macoco on the West, to that of Monotapia on the South; the Kingdoms of Monbaza, and Quiloa East; Sofala and Mosambick North. But what Cities or Provinces it has, was never yet discovered by any European.

Monervino, Minervium, Minervinum, Mons Orvinus, a City in the Province of Bari, in the King∣dom of Naples; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bari. Small, ill built, not much peo∣pled, and seated in the Confines of the Basilicate.

Monfeltro, or Montefeltro, Feretrum, Mons Fe∣retranus, Leopolis, a City of Ʋmbria, now in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, and the Capital of a Territory in the same, in the States of the Church; commonly called San Leo: it is a Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Ʋrbino. It stands upon the Skirts of Mount Feretranus, near the River Arimino, in the Confines of Romandiola; twenty Miles from Ʋrbino to the South-West, and fifteen from Arimini to the South: giving name to an honourable Italian Family. This Chair was removed to Pinna, a Town four Miles from it, by Pope Pius V. in 1572.

Monferrant, Monferrandum, a City in Auvergne; in a very fruitful Soil; from whence it has the name: It stands upon an Hill about one Mile from Cleremont, two Leagues from the River Allier, and twenty five from Lion; now in a flourishing state, with divers Religious Houses in it: The River Bedat glides by it. § There is another Monferand in the Territory called, le Pais entre les deux mers, that is, betwixt the confluence of the Garonne and the Dordogne. This latter is the first Barony in Guienne.

Monferrat. See Montferrat.

Monf••a, an Island on the Eastern Coast of Africa, over against against Quiloa. In Long. 65. and deg. 8. Southern Lat.

Monfort l' Amauri, Montfortium Amalrici, Monfortium Almariae; a small Town in the Territory of Montoran, in the Government of the Isle of France; betwixt Dampiere and Mante, upon an Hill, with a little River gliding at its foot; about ten Leagues from Paris. It carries the name of an honourable Fa∣mily.

Mongaguabe, a River in Brasil, in the Prefecture of Paraiba.

Mongibello, Mount Aetna; and by allusion any burning Mountain in the Italian use of this Word.

Mongul, a Province in the Asiatick Tartary.

Monlui, a Mountain in Catalonia.

Monlusson, Monlussonium, a City of France, in the Dukedom of Bourbon, in the Confines of Berry, upon the River Cher: four Leagues from the Borders of Auvergne, and thirteen from Moulins to the West. It is ordinarily epitheted la fertile, for its Vineyards and Pasturage.

Monnedy, Mons medius, Mons maledictus, a small but very strong City, in the Dukedom of Lux∣emburgh, in the Low Countries, upon the River Chier; seven Leagues from Virdum to the North, and about nine from Luxemburgh to the South-West. It stands upon a Hill, very well Fortified; yet by the negligence of the Spaniards, for want of Ammuni∣tion and sufficient Garrisons, frequently taken by the French. At last in 1657, being taken by then, it was by the Pyrenean Treaty yielded to France.

Monmirail, Monmiralium, a Town in the Pro∣vince of Brie, in France, upon an Hill; where glides the River Morin, falling afterwards into the Marne. § Also one of the five ancient Baronies of Perche-Gouet.

Monmorency, Monmoreniacum, a Town in the Isle of France, four Leagues from Paris to the South-West; which gives the Title of a Duke to one of the best and most ancient Families of France. From this

Town, the Valley in which it lies, (one of the most fruitful spots of Ground in the whole World) is cal∣led the Valley of Montmorency.

Monmorillon, a small Town in the Province of Poictou, in France, upon the River Gartampe, (here covered with a Bridge) and the frontiers of la Maache.

Monmouthshire, Monumethia, hath on the North the County of Hereford, on the East Glocester, on the South the Severn, and on the West Glamorgan and Brecknockshires. It is twenty four English Miles from North to South; and nineteen from East to West. Full of Hills, Valleys, Woods and Springs: every where fruitful; abounding in Corn and Cattle; and injoys a temperate, healthful, clear Air. The most ancient Inhabitants were the Silures, Conquered by Julius Frontinus, in the Reign of Vespasian, after a War of about an hundred years continuance, with great loss on the Roman Side: nor was this County won with less difficulty by the English; the Welsh being intire∣ly possessed of it when the Normans conquered Eng∣land: yet being conquered before Wales, it was uni∣ted to the Crown of England in the Reign of Ed∣ward I. and accounted an English County, tho lying on the North of the Severn.

Monmouth, which gives Name to this County, stands between the Wye and the Monow; over both which Rivers it has a Bridge: in the North-East Bor∣der of the County; where Monmouth, Hereford, and Glocestershires meet, as it were all in one Center. Three parts of it are secured by these Rivers. On the fourth it has a small Brook called Monnors, which runs through the Town: on the North-East Side, where the Town is most accessible, it has an ancient Castle; (once a place of great Strength and Beauty) in which Henry V. (King of England) thence called Henry of Monmouth, was born. But now ruined, and used as a Farm-House: there are three of the Gates standing, with a part of the ancient Wall: it is still a Corporation governed by a Mayor: This was also the Birth place of Geofry of Monmouth, the Historian. It now gives the Title of Earl to the R. H. Charles Mor∣dant, Created E. of Monmouth by K. W. As before, of a Duke, in the Person of James, the late unfortunate Duke of Monmouth; and it returns two Members to the House of Commons. Long. 17. 36. Lat. 52. 08.

Monnow, a River of Monmouthshire, between which and the River Wye stands the Town of Mon∣mouth; falling into the Severn.

Mono Emugi, a Kingdom in Africa, see Mone∣magi. There are abundance of Elephants, with Mines of Brass, Silver, and Gold, found in this Kingdom. A part of the Mountains of the Moon is enclosed therewith: and the Subjects traffick more especially for Silk, Cotton, and Amber, with the Kingdoms of Queilloa, Melinde and Monbaze. Betwixt the Estates of the Grand Negus and it, lye some petty principa∣lities, which are ever in Vassalage to the strongest side.

Monomotapa, a City and Kingdom in the Southern Aethiopia in Africa, of great extent: which contains in it twenty five other Kingdoms; and reaches from North to South two hundred and fifty Spanish Leagues. Cluverius stretches it from the Aethiopick Ocean to the Red-Sea. Some speak particularly of an Amazo∣nian Kingdom amongst the rest, where the Women go to War and acquit themselves with admirable bravery. The Portuguese call the King of Monomotapa, the Emperor of Gold, from the abundance of that mettal found in Mines and the Rivers of his Dominions. Mo∣nomotapa (the Principal City, which gives Name to this vast and fruitful Empire) lies in Long. 48. 00. Southern Lat. 24. 35. Upon the banks of the River Spiritu Santo, very large, and adorned with a most magnificent Palace Royal.

Monopoli, Monopolis, a City in the Province of Bari, in the Kingdom of Naples; which sprung out of the Ruins of Egnatia, an ancient City not far off: a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bari; but exempt from the Jurisdiction of its Metropolitan. This City tho small, is very splendidly and magnificently built: twenty two Miles from Bari to the East, and twenty five from Taranto to the North.

Monosceli, an ancient People of Aethiopia; also called Sciopodes, and mentioned by Pliny.

Monreale, Montreali, Mons Regalis, a small Ci∣ty in the Island of Sicily, which is yet an Archbishops See. It stands upon a Hill, about four Miles from Palermo to the South; built by William II. King of Sicily. By Pope Lucius III. adorned with this Archi∣episcopal Chair, in the Year 1182, at the Request of that Prince; who assigned this See a large Revenue, and built a stately Palace for the Archbishops.

Mons, Montes, Montes Hannoniae, the Capital City of the Province of Hainault, in the Low Coun∣tries; called by the Dutch Berghen; by the Germans Berg; by the French and English, Mons: Seated upon the River Troville, (which a little lower falls in∣to the Haisne,) in the middle between Douay to the West, and Namur to the East; twelve Miles from ei∣ther; and ten from Brussels to the South-West. It is very strongly seated, because all the Country about it may be drowned: and it is well walled, has three deep Trenches about it, a Castle in it. The publick and private Buildings are very Magnificent: many of them adorned with excellent Fountains. The French be∣sieged it with an Army of thirty thousand Men, in 1678, under the Command of the Duke of Luxem∣burgh; and so strongly retrenched their Army, that they despised any Attempt that could be made upon their Camp; yet the Prince of Orange coming up to the Relief of this City, bravely and resolutely attacked them; and by the Valour chiefly of ten thousand En∣glish, (led on by the brave Lord Ossory), entered the French Camp, with their Swords drawn at high Noon∣day; the French General very hardly escaping. This rich, strong, populous City defended it self against the encroachment of the French, and remained in the hands of the Spaniards, till 1691. when the French besieg'd and took it. The ancient Counts or Earls of Hainault used the title of Earls of Mons. There is a famous Abbey of Chanonesses in it, permitted to marry.

Mons en Puelle, a Village and Castle in the Cha∣stellanie of L'isle, in Flanders, betwixt the Cities L'isle and Doway: where Philip le Bel K. of France fought the Flemings, Aug. 18. 1304. and killed of them 25000.

Monserat, or Montserrat, Mons Serratus, a Mountain in Catalonia in Spain, upon the River Lo∣bregat; nine Miles from Barcelone to the South-West: very high and steep: in the middle of it is a Mona∣stery famous for the Worship of an Image of the Vir∣gin Mary, which was found here in 880.

Monsoreau, a Town in Anjou in France.

Monstieres, a City and an Archbishoprick in Ta∣rantaise in Savoy.

Mont, a Marquisate in the Ecclesiastick State, subject to the Pope.

Montacute, a sharp-pointed Hill in the South parts of Somersetshire, which has the honour to give the title of a Viscount to the R. H. Francis Brown, des∣cended from Anthony Brown created Viscount Monta∣cute in the Reign of Qu. Mary in 1554: which An∣thony was descended from Tho. Montacute Earl of Salisbury, created Lord Montacute and afterwards Marquess Montacute by K. Edw. IV.

Montagnia, a considerable City of Natolia, up∣on the Coast of the Sea of Marmora, and the Gulph called heretofore Cianus Sinus; five Leagues from Bursa: accounted to have five or six thousand Inhabi∣tants,

of Turks, Greeks, and Jews; and by the way of the Gulph, entertaining a good Commerce with Constantinople.

Montaldo, a small place in Piedmont, subject to the Pope.

Mont-alcino, or Monte Alcino, Mons Alcinous, and Mons Alcinus, a small City in the Territory of Siena, under the Great Duke of Tuscany; built upon an Hill; twenty one Miles from Siena to the South-West, and fifty five from Piombino to the North-East. A Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Siena; but exempt from his Jurisdiction.

Montalto, Mons Altus, a New City in the Mar∣chia Anconitana. in the States of the Church; under the Dominion of the Pope, upon the River Monocia; twelve Miles from Fermo to the South-West and eight from Ascoli to the North A Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ferme, founded by Pope Sixtus Wwho was born here. § There is another Montalto in the Hither Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples, which passes for the Ʋffuguim of Livy. A Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cozenza. § Besides a small Town under the Pope in Italy, upon the Confines of Pied∣mont and the Dukedom of Montferrat.

Montames, Caliabrum, once a City of Lusita∣nia, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Me∣rida: now a considerable Town in the Province of Estremadura in Spain; which has a Castle in the Pos∣session of the Knights of Saint James; six Leagues from Merida.

Montargis, Montargium, a pleasant City in le Gastinois, a Province of France; seated upon the River Loing, (which falls into the Seyne) twenty five Leagues from Paris to the South, and eighteen from Orleans to the East. Being besieged by the English in 1418. it was burnt; and rebuilt in the Year 1528. since which time it has been esteemed the Capital of le Gastinois.

Montauban, Montalbanus, Mons Aureolus, Mons Albanus, a City of France, in the Province of Quer∣cy in Aquitain, in the Confines of Languedoc; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tolose, foun∣ded by Pope John XXII. in 1317. upon the River Tarn; eight Leagues from Tolose to the North, nine from Caors to the South, and ten from Agen to the North-East. This is a pleasant, great, rich, populous City: generally built with Brick, and a very strong Place. By the Edict of Nants, (made in 1599, by Henry IV.) this was one of the places put into the Hands of the French Protestants for their Security. They quietly enjoyed it till the Year 1621, when it was in vain attempted to take it from them by a po∣tent Siege. It had a Brick Bridge upon the River; which being much damnified in this Siege, was rebuilt in 1667, with a flanting Inscription in Latin.

Montbelliard. See Monbeliar.

Montblanc, Mons Albus, a small Town in Cata∣lonia; Honored by being made the Title of a Duke∣dom; it stands upon the River Francolinum, five Leagues from Tarragona to the North.

Montbrison. See Monbrison.

Monte-Cassino. See Cassin.

Monte-Corbino, a City of the Kingdom of Na∣ples in Italy, of good antiquity. It was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento: but in 1433, the See became united with that of Vultu∣rara in the same Kingdom.

Monte-Falco, a Town in the Province of Om∣bria in Italy, near the City Spoleti.

Monte-Fiascone, Mons Physcon, a small City in S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy; made a Bishops See by Pope Ʋrban V. It stands upon the Lake of Bolsena, [Volsinium;] between Viterbio to the East, and Bol∣sena to the West, eight Miles from either of them; and twenty from Corneto to the North. with the Bi∣shoprick of which this is united for ever. The Wines of this place have ever been in great esteem.

Monte-Fiore, a Town in the Marcha Anconi∣tana in Italy.

Monte-Leone, Mons Leo, Hippo Vibo, a City and Colony of the Brutii, now in the Further Cala∣bria; which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cosenza; but that Chari was removed to Melito, by Pope Gregory VII. This place is in a very good estate: four Miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea, twenty from the Ionian Sea, and about thirty eight from Co∣senza to the South. See Melito. Some imagine, that it was built upon the ruines of the ancient, Vibo Valentia.

Montelimar, Mons limarii, a Town in Dauphine in France, upon the River Rubion, and about one League from the Rhosne. It is a large, handsome, well peopled Town, with divers religious Houses in it, and a Cittadel: Frequently taken and retaken in the Wars of Religion in the last Age; but chiefly addicted to the Huguenot Party.

Monte Marano, Mons Maranus, a very small City in the Further Principate, in the Kingdom of Na∣ples; which is yet a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento. It stands ten Miles from Avellino to the East.

Monte Peloso, Mons Pilosus, Pelosius, Pelusius, &c. a small, but populous City, in the Basilicate, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Acerenza, tho exempt from his Jurisdiction. This Bishoprick was instituted by Pope Sixtus IV. in 1643. It stands upon the Bor∣ders of the Dutchy of Bari, betwixt Acerenza and Matera.

Montepulciano, Mons Politianus, a City in the Province of Toscana in Italy, towards the States of the Church, and the Lake of Chiano, upon an Hill: It hath the Title of an Episcopal See, and may de∣serve a further Remark for being the Birth-place of the ingenious Angelus Politianus.

Monte S. Angelo, a City and Archbishoprick in the Kingdom of Naples.

Montereau faut Yonne, Mons Regalis, Monaste∣riolum ad Icaunam, a Town in Champagne; where the Duke of Burgundy (the sworn Enemy of the House of Orleans) was basely murthered, Septem∣ber 10. 1419. It stands seven Leagues from Melun towards Sens, at the conjunction of the River Yonne with the Seine: and had heretofore a Palace Royal to adorn it.

Montesia, a Town in the Kingdom of Valentia; which gave Name to an Order of Knights, founded in 1317. (after the abolishing of the Templars) at this Town.

Monte-verde, Mons Viridis, a small City in the Further Principate, in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Confines of Terra di Bari; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Consa. This See in 1531. was united with the titular Archbishoprick of Nazareth. It stands upon the River Ofanto; thir∣teen Miles from Consa to the East, and twenty three from Acerenza.

Montferrat, Montisferrat, Monferrat, Monfe∣rato, Mons Ferratus, a Province of Italy: Honored with the Title of a Dukedom, in 1570. It is boun∣ded on the East with the Dukedom of Milan; the States of Genoua on the North, with the Territories of Vercelli, Biella, and Canavese; on the West by Piedmont, (cut off from it by the Apennine;) and on the South, the Dukedom of Milan. So very fruit∣full, and well cultivated, (tho it be Hilly) that it is thought to have its Name à Feracitate, from its Fer∣tility. It has been ever since 1535, under the Duke of Mantoua; to whom it came by the Marriage of

Margaret, Sister of Boniface, the last Earl of this Country. Heretofore the Territory of Canavese was a part of it: which by the Treaty in 1631, was to∣gether with the rest of this Dukedom, beyond the Po to the North, granted to the Duke of Savoy. The chief places under the Duke of Mantoua, are Casale, Arqui, Nizza, and Paglia. Under the Duke of Sa∣voy, Turino, Alba, and Verua. Valenza and Bassi∣nia, did together with Mondovi belong to it: but now dismembred, and annexed to the Dukedom of Milan.

Montgatz, a Town in the Ʋpper Hungary, in the County of Pereczas; and an Episcopal See here∣••ofore under the Greek Church: so strongly fortified with Ditches, and three Castles upon a Hill, where no∣thing can command them, that no Army without ve∣ry great loss is able to approach it. The Princess Ra∣gotski, a Roman Catholick Lady, Wife to Count Teckely, and Relict of the Prince Ragotski (the last of that ancient and noble Family of Batori, which hath furnished Kings to Poland, and Princes to Tran∣silvania) held out this place in the behalf of her Hus∣band against the Emperor in 1687; till after a Block∣ade of seven Months, she was necessitated to surrender; Jan. 25. 1688, upon these Conditions amongst o∣thers; that she should deliver up all the Ensigns of Sovereignty, in her custody, wherewith Count Teckely had been invested by the Turk, as Prince of Hungary; and take the City of Vienna for her Prison, not to remove thence without the Emperor's leave.

Montgomery, Mons Gomerici, a small Town in Lisieux in Normandy; the Count of which unfortu∣nately slew Henry II. King of France, with a Launce in a Just, in 1559: who afterwards joining with the Rebels against the Crown, was beheaded more on the score of this old Misfortune, than on the account of that Rebellion. This Town stands two French Leagues and an half from Lisieux to the South, and above three from Argentan to the North.

Montgomeryshire, Comitatus Montgomeriensis, one of the Twelve Shires of Wales, called by the Welsh Sire Trefaldwin. Bounded upon the North with Denbigh, on the East with Shropshire, on the South with Radnor and Cardigan, and on the West with Merionethshire. Very Mountainous, but being well watered with Rivers and Springs, nevertheless very fruitful. The ancient Inhabitants were called by the Romans, Ordovices; a valiant and warlike People, hardly subdued in the Reign of Domitian. Nor were they conquered by the English before the Reign of Edward I. This County takes its Name from a Town seated upon a high Hill, in the Eastern Border towards Radnor; between the Severn (which riseth in this County) and the Kemlet: it has been walled; on the North of it stands a fair Castle, which (saith Mr. Speed) is now well repaired. This Town was built by Roger de Montgomery, a Norman Earl; and from him had its Name. Philip Herbert, second Son of Henry Earl of Pembroke, was by James I. in the year 1605, made Earl of Montgomery; which Honor is now possessed by Philip III. who is the fourth Earl of this Family, and succeeded William his half Bro∣ther, in the Year 1674. It returns one member to the House of Commons.

Monthelon or Montolon, a Town in the Dukedom of Burgundy, near Autun, which gives name to a fa∣mily of honour.

Montignac, Montiniacum, a small Town in the Province of Perigord, in Aquitain in France, upon the River Vezere•• (here covered with a Bridge, four or five Leagues from Sarlat, and a little more from Peri∣geux. The Castle of it used to be the Seat of the ancient Counts of Perigord; for which reason they commonly surname it, Montignac le Comté.

Montigni le Roy, a Town in the County of Bas∣signi, in Champaigne, upon the Meuse, which hath its source near it: in Latin, Montiniacum Regium.

Montilli or Monteil. Some apprehend this place to be the same with Montelimar in Dauphine. Some situate it in Languedoc, and others upon the Rhosne. And the reason, there is this notice taken of it, is, a Council Assembled at it in 1208. against the Al∣bigenses: wherein it was resolved, that Raymond VI. Earl of Tolouse (the supporter of their cause) should be cited to appear in Person at Valence, before the Popes Legate, to answer to the disorders objected against him.

Mont le Herry, a Town in the Isle of France, upon a Hill, with a Castle built in 1015; and a Chastellaine belonging thereunto: together with the title of an Earldom near Paris, by the banks of a little River; falling soon after into the Orge. In the Year 1465. Jul. 16. Lewis XI. King of France, and Charles Duke of Berry, his Brother, (whom the Dukes of Bretagne and others of the Nobility had set up against King Lewis,) fought a very equal Battel here.

Mont de Marsan, Mons Martiani, the Capital Town of a Territory of the same name, in the Pro∣vince of Gascoigne in France, upon the River Midon, where it receives the Douse; in an excellent soil for Corn. The Huguenots were Masters of this Town in 1569. before the Battel of Moncontour: But the Roman Catholick Party forced it soon after. See Marsan.

Mont Martre, a Mount near Paris, on the North side; where there is a remarkable Abbey, so called, either from the adoration of Mars or Mercury in ancient times there, as some; or from the Martyr∣dom of S. Dennis and his Companions upon it, as o∣thers say.

Montmelian, a strong Castle in Savoy; the only place the Duke had left him by the French in Savoy, in the Year 1630. In vain attempted by the French in 1690; but taken the year after.

Montone, Bedesis, a River of Romandiola in Ita∣ly, commonly called il Bedese, or Ronco. It spring∣eth from the Apennine; and running through the Dominions of the Church, watereth Meldola, and some other Castles; then falls into the Gulph of Ve∣nice beneath Ravenna.

Montone, Vitis, a River in Italy, which riseth out of the Apennine; and watering Forli, falls into the Gulph of Venice beneath Ravenna. Upon the Banks of this River, five Miles above Ravenna, Lewis XII. (King of France) slew eighteen thousand Spaniards in a set Battel, in 1512.

Montpellier. See Mompellier.

Montpensier, a small Town in the Lower Au∣vergne in France, upon an Hill, betwixt Aigueperce and Gannat; adorned with the title of a Dukedom and Peerdom, by K. Francis I. in 1538. It had for∣merly a Castle: But this was destroyed in the Reign of Lewis XIII. Lewis X. dyed here in 1226.

Montreali. See Monreale, an Archbishops See in Sicily. §. Petra Deserti in Arabia has sometimes gone by this name: and also a Town in Spain, where Alphonsus VI. K. of Spain, established the order of the Knights Templars.

Montrevil l' Argille, Monasterium Argille, a strong Town in Picardy, in the County of Ponthieu, seated upon an Hill; two Leagues from Eastaple to the East, upon the River Canche; three from Hesdin to the West, and the same distance from the British Sea. It has a strong Castle belonging to it, and two ancient Abbeys of the Order of S. Benedict for Men and Women. Philip I. K. of France, after his di∣vorce from Queen Berthe his Wife, banish'd her to

this place, where she dyed in the Year 1093. It is also called Montreuil sur le Mer, to distinguish it from § Montreuil-Bellay, a Town in the Province of An∣••ou, upon the frontiers of Poictou, at the conjunction of the Touay and the Thon.

Montrose, Mons Rosarum, a small Town in the North of Scotland, in the County of Angus; twenty five English Miles from S. Andrews to the North-East; upon the Mouth of a River which there falls in∣to the German Ocean. This place (tho small) de∣serves to be remembred on the account of James Graham Earl of it: who did Wonders for Charles I. in the lowest of his Misfortunes; and suffered Death for Charles II. with the same undaunted Bravery, in 1650. Whose dispersed Limbs by the Order of that Prince were Collected, May 11. 1661, and decently Buried in the Monument of his Ancestors: and the Head of the Marquess of Argile (his bitter Enemy) set up in the same place where his had stood.

Mont-Saint-Marie, Mons Sanctae Mariae, a Territory in the Diocese of Soissons in France, other∣wise called Nostre Dame de Tartenois; and mention∣ed by the French Geographers upon the account of two Synods there assembled in 97••. and 983.

Montserrat, a small Island in the North America, in the Possession of the English; so call'd by the Spa∣niards, from the Mountain of that name near Barce∣lona in Spain: it is about ten Miles long, and nine broad; in 17. Deg. Lat

Monza, a small Town in the Milaneze in Italy, upon the River Lambro, towards the Lake of Coma; in a great Plain, ten Miles from Milan. The Empe∣rors heretofore used to receive the Iron Crow here.

Mopsuestia, an ancient City of, Caramania, in the Lesser Asia; which has formerly born the honour of a Bishops See, and likewise of an Archbishops un∣der the Patriarch of Antioch. Pliny, Ptolemy, and Strabo mention it. A small Synod was assembled at it in 550. against Theodorus, the Bishop of the place. Now called Malmistra.

Morat, Murat or Mourat, Muratum, Moratum, a small Town in Switzerland, in the Canton of Fri∣burgh, and the County of Romont; two Leagues from Friburgh to the North, and three from Bern to the West; called by the Germans, Murten; it stands up∣on a Lake of the same Name. In this place the Swiss first overthrew the Forces of Charles the Hardy, Duke of Burgundy, in 1476. then besieging it. In memory whereof, they, in a Chappel upon the banks of the Lake, advanced this Inscription; Invictissimi atque fortissimi Caroli Ducis Burgundiae Exercitus Muratum obsidens, contra Helvetios pugnans, hi•• sui Monumentum reliquit, Anno 1476.

Morato, Tigris.

Morava, Moravus, Morus, Marus, a River in the Kingdom of Bohemia; heretofore called Ma∣rus; ••ow by the Inhabitants, Morawa; by the Ger∣mans, Marh. It ariseth in the Confines of Bohe∣mia near Altstadt; and bending Southward, water∣eth and divideth the Province of Moravia (which takes its Name from it) and the City of Olmutz; then in Austria falls into the Danube over against Haynburg; five German Miles beneath Vienna, towards Presburg.

Morave, Moravus, Margus, Margis, a River of Servia; which ariseth in the Borders of Macedonia, towards the Fountains of Orpheus; and being aug∣mented with many smaller Rivers, falls into the Da∣nube beneath Senderinum, eighty Miles from Belgrade to the East. There is another called by the same Name, which falls into this beneath Nissa: Which last is called Morava in Bulgaria, to distinguish it from the former.

Moravia, a well peopled Province in the Kingdom of Bohemia, called by the Inhabitants Morawa; Mo∣rawska Zemia by the Slavonians; Mahren by the Germans; Moravie by the French. It lies between Silesia to the North, and East; Bohemia properly so called to the West; Austria, and Hungary to the South: in the form of a triangle; about forty five Leagues from East to West, and thirty from North to South; under the Emperor as King of Bohemia. This was anciently the Seat of the Quadi, a warlike People, and the Marcomani. It bore the honour, for some time, of the title of a Kingdom; afterwards of a Dukedom, and then a Marquisate. It now makes a part of the Kingdom of Bohemia, and is supposed to take its name from the River Morawi, Morave, or die Mahr, (Morus or Marus,) arising near to Altstadt in Bohemia and joyning with the Danube at Hayn∣bourg in Austria; being the same River with the precedent Morava. The Capital of it is Ol∣mutz; and the other principal Towns are, Brin, Iglaw, and Znaim. It is a fruitful and pleasant Country; ex∣tremely well improved.

Morbiban, Morbibanum, a large Haven on the North side of the Lesser Bretagne in France; seven Leagues from Port Lovis to the East, and near Van∣nes. Above thirty small Islands lye in the Gulph of this harbour.

The Morduates, a Province in the North-Eastern Parts of the Empire of Russia, towards the River Rha; between the Czeremisses to the East, and Wolodimera to the West. It is a Country of great Extent; and made terrible by its vast unpassable Woods and Fo∣rests.

More or Moore, an Episcopal City in the County of Mayo, in Connaught in Ireland.

Morea, Peloponnesus, a celebrated, great, and fruitful Peninsula of Greece; of about five hundred and fifty Miles in circuit. Its extent from Corinth in the North-East to Cape Sapienza in the South, is one hundred and fifty Miles: its breadth from Cape di Schilli, to Cape Tornese on the West, one hundred and seventy five. Containing the Provinces of Roma∣nia, Sacania, Belvedore, and Clarentia; and the famous Cities of Corinth, Coron, Clarenza, Patras, Misitra, Nauplia, &c. Its principal Rivers are the Orfea, and the Iris or Basilipotamo. Its Mountains Mynthe, Stymphalis, Pholoe, Lyceus, &c. are men∣tioned in the Writings of the Ancients. This Coun∣try was first intirely conquered by the Macedonians, after the Death of Alexander the Great: then by the Romans, under L. Mummius, about one hundred and forty six years before the Birth of our Saviour; when Corinth, the then Capital of this Province, was intirely ruined. In the later times of the Greek Em∣pire, it had Despotes (or Princes of its own) who were subject to the Emperors of Constantinople; the last of which, Thomas Palaeologus, was driven out of his Dominions by Mahomet II. in 1543. Ever since it has been in the Hands of those Destroyers of Mankind. But in 1685, the Venetians began the Reconquest: and in 1687, were intirely possessed of it (excepting only Malvasia) by a wonderful Revolution. And in September, 1690. they recovered Malvasia also.

Moret, Murittum, a Town in the Territory of Gastinois, in the Isle of France, upon the River Loing; adorned with the title of an Earldom. A Synod was held there in 850.

Morga••, Margus, a River of Bactria, a Province of Persia; which springing from the Mountains of Chorazan, and flowing through the Country called by their Name, falls into the River Obengir, which ends in the Caspian Sea.

Morin, Muera, a River of France, in the Pro∣vince of Le Brie; which watereth Colomiers [Co••∣lumbaria] and Cressy; then falls into the Marne beneath Meaux: this is called the Great Morin, to distinguish it from another which falls into the Marne in the same Province, beneath La Ferte sous Jovare to the West of Meaux.

Morini, a People of Gallia Antiqua, mentioned by Pliny and Virgil. The latter styles them, Ex∣tremique hominum Morini, &c. It is supposed with greatest probability, that they dwelt in the (now) Dioceses of S. Omer, Boulogne, and Ypres.

Morlaix, Morlaeum, Mons relaxus, a City in the Province of Bretagne; upon a River of the same Name, which has a Harbor on the North Shore of that Province. It stands about two Leagues from the British Sea, and forty from Rennes to the West, over, against Plymouth. There is •• Fort built to se∣cure the Passage of the River, in an Island of the River. The Town stands upon an Hill, betwixt two Plains, and shows the Ruines of an old Cittadel.

Mormandes, Milmandra, a River of France, in Le Berry.

Morpeth, a considerable Market and Borough Town in the County of Northumberland, upon the River Wensbeck: The Capital of its Ward; fortified with a Castle; returning two Members of Parliament, and giving the Title of Viscount to the Earl of Carlisle.

Mortagne, Moritania, a small Town in the Ter∣ritory of Tournaysis in Flanders, at the Confluence of the Rivers Escaut▪ and Scarpe, towards Valencien∣nes, two or three Leagues from Tournay. It has for∣merly been fortified. § Also a large, handsome, and populous Town in the Ʋpper Perche, in France, towards the borders of Normandy, upon a Stream which there begins to form the River Huisne. This Mortagne is now adorned with a Castle. § There is a third of the Name in the Province of Poictou, to∣wards the Confines of Bretagne, at the reception of the Loing by the River Se••••re Nantoise.

Mortain, Moritonium, Moritolium, a small Town in Normandy, near the River Ardee, towards the Confines of La Mayne, betwixt Auranches and Domfront: which by Henry I. King of England and Duke of Normandy, was given, with the Title of an Earldom, to his Nephew Stephen Blois, after∣wards in 1135. King of England, whose second Son william enjoy'd the same Title in the next Succession. But William died without Issue. This Town by an∣cient Custom, in publick Processions, carries a na∣ked Sword in the place of a Standard.

Mortan••, Mortana, a River in Lorain.

Mortara, or Mortare, Mortaria, Pulchra Sylva, a strong, great, populous Town in the Dukedom of Milan, upon the River Gogna; four Miles from Vigevano to the North-West, ten from Novara to the South-East, and twenty four from Pavia to the West. Anciently called Bella, or Pulchra Sylva, the Beautiful Wood; but upon the great Slaughter of the Lombards, by the Forces of Charles the Great, (when he took Desiderius, their King, Priso∣ner, in 774,) it took the Name of Mortara, which signifies Slaughter, or Death. This Town was taken by the French in 1658. and put under the Duke of Modena. In 1660. it was upon a Peace restored back to the Spaniards. It is the Capital of the Territory of Lumellina.

Le Moruan, Morundia, Morvinus tractus, a mountainous Tract or Territory in the Dukedom of Burgundy, of small extent; and its Limits not well known.

Mor Verridh, the Welsh name of the Irish Sea.

Mosa, the Meuse. See Maes.

Mosambich, Mosambica, a City of Zanguebar; on the Eastern Coast of Africa, in an Island near the Continent; at the Mouth of a River of the same name; which there falls into the Aethiopick Ocean▪ To this City belongs a strong Castle, and a safe Har∣bour, all in the Possession of the Portuguese. Long. 63. 40. South. Lat. 14. ••••.

Moscow, Moscoua, Moschia, the Capital of the Empire of Moscovy, or Russia; called by she Inhabi∣tants Mosqua; by the European Strangers, Moscow; by the Poles, Moscouf; by the Germans, Moscaw. One of the greatest Cities in Europe; extremely fre∣quented on the score of Trade, and the common Residence of the Great Duke, or Czar of Moscovy. It stands upon a River of the same name; (which a little more to the East falls into the Occa or Aka; which at Novogorod falls into the Wolgh:) one hundred and seventy Miles from the Borders of Lithuania to the East, fifty four Polish Miles from Smolensko, and two hundred and fifty from Belgrade to the North-East. Long 66. 00. Lat. 55. 36. This City is three German Miles in compass; and no doubt (saith Olearius) has been greater; yet in his time it had forty thousand Houses. In general, it looks like a mass of divers Towns, rather than one City. The Streets are broad, but very miry; the Houses generally low, built all of Deal, covered with Bark and sometimes with Flag over the Bark, which makes them extremely subject to be destroyed by Fire. The Houses of some great Lords and rich Merchants are built with Brick and Stone. In 1571. the Crim Tartars made an Inroad and burnt this whole City, except the Castle: in 1611. the Poles burnt it in the same manner. About 1636. the third part of it was burnt by Accident. In 1668. it was almost totally destroyed by Fire. The Castle (or Great Duke's Palace) is fortified with three strong Walls, and a good Ditch; well mounted with Cannon. In the midst of it is a Steeple co∣vered with Copper; there is in it a Stone Palace built for the Prince after the Italian manner: before it is the great Market-Place, well stored with all sorts of Merchandize; and the Traders have their particular Places assigned them. § The Province of Moscow is bounded on the North by Rostow and Susdale; on the East by Rhezan, on the South by Vorotina, and on the West by Bielkia: the Capital of it is Moscow. This Province is very fruitful, well peopled: and the Dukes of it having by Marriages and Wars subdued and brought in all the other, this whole Empire is commonly called by that Name: but I shall represent it under the word Russia.

Moselle. See Moesel.

Moseniga, Messene, once a famous City of Pelo∣ponnesus; now a small contemptible Village on the South-West part of the Morea, upon the River Pir∣naza: eight German Miles from Coron to the North, six from the Mouth of that River, and thir∣teen from Misitra to the West.

Moska, a River which passeth through the City of Moscow: it ariseth in the Province of Tuere; and receiving the Occa near Columna, about a Mile lower falls with it into the Wolga. Olearius.

Mosul, Assyria, a Region of Asia, the Seat of the first General Empire. Till of late it was under the King of Persia; but now almost entirely under the Turks. It has this name from Mosul, a City upon the Tygris; thirty five Miles from Amida to the North-East: thought to be Ninive.

Motir, Motira, one of the Molucca Islands in the East-Indies, under the Line; betwixt Gilolo to the East, Tidor to the North, Machian to the South, and Celebes to the West. It is in the Posses∣sion of the Hollanders.

Motola, Motula, a small City in the Province of Otranto, in the Confines of Bari; which is a Bi∣shop's See, under the Archbishop of Taranto. It stands

at the foot of the Apennine; seven Miles from the Bay of Taranto, thirteen from that City to the North-West, twenty five from Bari to the South-West: and not much better than a Village.

La Mothe, a Village and Fortress in Lorain, upon the Borders of Champagne; which endured a Siege of five months; but being at last taken by the French, was dismantled in 1645.

Moulins, Molinae, a great City in France; the Capital of Bourbonnois; seated upon the River Allier, which watering Nevers also, falls into the Loir; sixty two Leagues from Paris towards Lion, twelve from Nevers, and twenty from Clermont. This Ci∣ty grew up out of the Ruins of Sylviniacum, an ancient City not far off; and used to be the ordina∣ry Residence of the Princes of Bourbon, who built a Castle in it, where the Kings of France have often taken their Diversion. The Tomb of Henry 2. King of France, is to be seen here. Charles IX. held a great Assembly of the Nobility and Chief men of the Kingdom at this place in 1565; passing at the same time the famous Edict of Moulins. It affords good medicinal Waters, and here the Allier receives the River Daure.

Moulon, Molo, a River of France, near Bourges en Berry; which flowing by the Monastery of S. Sulpicius, falls into the Greater Aveyron. Hoffman in Biturix.

South Moulton, a Market Town in Devon∣shire. The Capital of its Hundred.

Mounster, Momonia, one of the four Provinces of the Kingdom of Ireland. On the North it is se∣parated from Connaught, by the River Shannon; on the East it has Leinster, on the South and West the Vergivian Ocean. It is in length from North to South ninety Miles, in breadth one hundred: di∣vided into six Counties; viz. Limerick, Kerry, Cork, VVaterford, Desmond, and Tipperary. The chief City is Limerick. The rest are Cashell, Cork, Kinsale, and VVaterford. The Irish call this Pro∣vince Mown.

The Mountains of the Moon, Montes Lunae, are a Ridge of Mountains which run cross Africa from East to West; separating the Kingdom of Go∣jame to the North, from the Lower Aethiopia to the South. The Ancients supposed the Nile to spring out of these Mountains; which is found to be a mi∣stake: that River rising in a Plain, on the North side of those Mountains.

Mountserell, a Market Town in Leicestershire, in the Hundred of Goscote, near the Stower, over which it has a Bridge; and formerly a Castle, that stood upon a steep and craggy Hill; but long since demolished.

Mouson, or Mouzon, Mosomum, a City in Cham∣pagne in France, upon the Maes; in the Confines of the Dukedom of Luxemburgh; between Sedan to the North, and Stenay to the South; three Leagues from either, and eleven from Verdune. Often taken and retaken of latter times; and particularly famous for a brave Defence it made against the Imperialists under the Command of Picolomini, one of the great∣est Captains of his time. It was finally recovered out of the hands of the Spaniards in 1653, and is still under that Crown. Two small French Synods were assembled at it in 948. and 995.

Mowcop-Hill, a noted Hill in Staffordsh. in the Confines of Cheshire, where Mill-stones are procured.

Mozambick. See Mosambick.

Mscislaw, Mscislavia, a City in Lithuania, of great strength; seated upon the River Sosz, in the Confines of Moscovy; sixteen Polish Miles from Smo∣lensko to the South, and eighteen from Mohilow to to the East. This Place was besieged in 1386. by Swentoslaus, Duke of Smolensko without any Success. But taken by the Russ some few years since; who in the Reign of Sigismond I. (King of Poland) had re∣ceived a great Deseat under the Walls of it. It has the honour of the Title of a Palatinate.

Muer, Mura, Savaria, Darus, a River of Stiria; which ariseth in the Bishoprick of Saltzburgh: and flowing through Stiria, watereth Gratz, (the Capital of this Province) and Judenburgh; and a little be∣neath Kanischa, falls into the Drave in the Lower Hungary. On the Banks of this River Count Serini defeated an Army of the Turks; and slew ten thou∣sand of them, in 1663.

Muers, Murocincta, a Town in the Lower Ger∣many, mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus; now called Moers by the Germans; and Muers by the French: the Capital of an Earldom and a County of the same name; between the Dukedom of Cleves, and the Bishoprick of Cologn; under the Dominion of the Prince of Orange. It lies in the middle between the VVesel to the North, and Neuss or Nuys to the South; nine Miles from Cologn to the North.

Muiaco, Muiacum, a Kingdom of great extent in the Higher Aethiopia.

Muiacheu, a great City in the Province of Suchuen in China.

Mulbach, Miliare, a River of Transylvania.

Muldaw, Mulda, a River of Bohemia, called by the Inhabitants Multava. It ariseth in the Borders of Bavaria, five German Miles from Passaw: and flow∣ing North, watereth Budweiss, a City of Bohemia; then taking in the Sazawa and the Miza, it passeth through Prague the Capital of that Kingdom: and three Miles lower falls into the Elbe.

Mulgrave, an ancient Castle in the North Riding of Yorkshire, near the Sea, and not far from Whitby: first built by Peter de Mauley in the time of Rich. I. and continued in the line of its Founder for seven Ge∣nerations. Afterwards, through other Families, it came to the Sheffields. Edmund, Lord Sheffield of Butterwick, Lord President of the North, being crea∣ted Earl of Mulgrave by K. Charles I. in 1625. whose Great Grandson by Edmund Earl of Mulgrave is the R. Hon. John Sheffield, the present Earl of Mulgrave.

Mulhausen, Mulnhausen, Mulhusia, a City of Ger∣many in Thuringia, at the foot of a Mountain, upon the River Ʋnstrutt; seven German Miles from Erford to the West, and four from Eysenach to the North. It is a fine City; under the Protection of the Elector of Saxony; being otherwise Free and Imperial.

Mulhausen, Arialbinum, Atalbinum, Mulhasia, a City in the Upper Alsatia, called by the French Mi∣lause; seated upon the River Hellel. Once an Im∣perial and Free City; but in 1515. leagued with the Swiss, and united to Suntgow. It stands three Leagues from Ferrette to the North, and Basil to the South-West; but heretofore belonged to Alsatia.

Mulheim, Limiris, a Town in Saxony in Germany.

Mullon, Nauilubio, a River of the Asturia's in Spain; which separates Galicia from the Asturia's, and then falls into the Bay of Biscay.

Multan, Multanum, a City of the Hither East-Indies, upon the River Indus; in the middle between Lahor to the East, and Candahar to the West; un∣der the Mogul. Once great and well peopled; but now declining; yet it is the Capital of a Province of the same name. Long. 104. 55. Lat. 31. 05.

Multaw, the same with Muldaw.

Mulvia, a River of Africa, which springeth from Mount Atlas; and separates the Kingdom of Fez and Telesin, then falls into the Mediterranean Sea.

Munch, the Carpathian Mountains.

Munchen, Monachum, Monachium, Campodunum, the capital City of Bavaria in Germany; called by the French, Munich; by the Italians, Monaco;

and of old Isinisca. It stands upon the River Isere, (here covered with a Bridge): and has a magnificent Palace belonging to the Elector of Bavaria, which in 1675. suffered something by Fire: five German Miles from Frisingen to the South, fifteen from Ratisbon towards Inspruch, and eight from Ausburg to the East. First walled by Otho, Duke of Bavaria, a∣bout the year 1156. Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, took it in 1632. and being advised to ruine the Ducal Palace, said, he should be sorry to deprive the World of so admirable a Piece.

Munda, an ancient Town in the Kingdom of Granada, in Spain; which Mariana admits to be the same with the modern Ronda la Vieja. It was at this Town, that Julius Caesar put a period to the Civil Wars betwixt Pompey and him, by a Victory obtai∣ned over the Sons of Pompey, in the year of Rome 709.

Munfia, Apollinis Ʋrbs magna, an ancient City in Egypt, upon the West side of the Nile; one hun∣dred and sixty English Miles South of Grand Cairo: now in a good condition.

Munghoa, a City in the Province of Yunnan in China.

Munia, Lycopolis, a City on the Western Shoar of the Nile; one hundred and five English Miles South of Grand Cairo: now in a flourishing State.

Munick, the same with Munchen.

The Muzamudims, a Tribe of the ancient Bere∣beres, in Africa. See Bereberes.

Munster, Mimingroda, Monasterium, a City of Westphalia in Germany; called by the French, Mounstre. The Capital of Westphalia; a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cologne, founded by Charle∣maigne; and a great, rich populous City. It stands upon the River Aa; seven German Miles from Osna∣burg to the South, twenty two from Bremen to∣wards Cologne, (from which it stands eighteen,) and twelve from Paderborne to the West. It has a strong Castle; and was once an Imperial and Free City, but since exempted. Particularly remarkable for the great Calamities it sustained in 1533. when seised by the Anabaptists: who set up here John of Leiden for their King; perpetrating horrid Villanies, under the pretence of Enthusiastick Zeal; and could not be suppressed, till this City had endured a years close Siege. No less famous for a general Peace here trea∣ted in 1648. In 1661. it was taken by Bernard its Bishop, (a man wholly addicted to War and Blood∣shed) after a long Siege: ever since, it has been sub∣ject to the Bishops of this Diocese.

The Bishoprick of Munster, called by the Ger∣mans, das Bisthum buon Munster; is a Province in the Circle of Westphalia, in the German Empire; which has its name from its Capital. Bounded on the West with Overyssel, on the North with the Earldoms Embden and Oldenburgh; on the South with the Dukedom of Westphalia, and the County of Marck: on the East by the Bishoprick of Osnaburgh, and the Counties of Diepholt and Ravensperg. Almost an hundred Miles in length from North to South; but not of equal breadth: and divided into thirteen Baili∣wicks. The principal Cities, are Munster, Meppen, Vecht, and Varendorp. It is extremely full of Woods and Marshes: fitter for the production of Cattle, than Habitation of Men.

Munster, Monasterium, is a small City in the Valley of S. George, in the Ʋpper Alsatia; upon the River Fach, at the foot of Mount Vauge; five Leagues from Brisach to the West: called im Grego∣rienthall, to distinguish it from the other Cities of the same name. It was an Imperial Free City; but now exempted, and subject to the Crown of France.

Munster Eyffel, a Town in the Dukedom of Ju∣liers, upon the River Erst; in the Territory of Eyffel, in the Borders of the Bishoprick of Cologne; six Ger∣man Miles from that City to the South, and seven from Aquisgran to the North-East; under the Duke of Newburgh.

Munster Meinfeld, a Town in the Bishoprick of Trier or Treves, upon the Moselle; three German Miles from Coblentz to the North-West: under the Archbishop of Trier.

Munsterberg, Munsterberga, a City of Silesia; heretofore subject to its own Duke, with the Terri∣tory belonging to it. This City stands upon the Ri∣ver Olaw; seven German Miles from Vratislaw to the South, and the same distance from Oppeien to the West.

The Dukedom of Munsterberg, lies in Bohemia in the Ʋpper Silesia: now in the possession of the Emperour. Bounded by the Dukedom of Grotkaw to the East, that of Schweidnitz to the North, and Bohemia to the West and South.

Munsterthal, Vallis Monasterii, a small Territo∣ry in the Canton of Gottespunt, amongst the Grisons.

Munzarrum, Taurus, a Mountain in the Losser Ar∣menia.

Muradal, or El puerto de Muradal, Saltus Ca∣stulonensis, a passage over the Mountains of Morena, leading to New Castile, Andaluzia, and the Borders of Portugal: where Alphonsus King of Castile with the King of Navarre, obtained so great a Victory over the Moors, as to leave two hundred thousand of them dead upon the place. There was heretofore, nigh to it, a Town called Castulo (now a Village, by the name of Caslona,) which gave it the Latin Name, of Saltus Castulonensis.

Murat, a small Town in the Province of Au∣vergne, in France, upon the River Alagnon, at the foot of the Mountains; three or four Leagues from S. Flour: adorned with the Title of a Viscounty.

Murrana, Crabra, a River in Italy, which ari∣seth in Campagnia di Roma; and dividing into two Branches, one falls into the Teverone, (two Miles above Rome,) the other runs through Rome into the Tiber.

Murcia, a City and a Kingdom in Spain. The Kingdom is very small: lies on the South of New Castile, (to which it is now united) which bounds it on the North. The Kingdom of Valentia on the East, the Kingdom of Granada on the West, and the Mediterranean Sea on the South. It is called a Kingdom, because during its being under the Moors it had distinct Kings for many Ages. The chief Cities in it, are Carthagena, and Murcia, (the Capital of this Kingdom.) It is seated on the River Segura, in a pleasant Plain, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Valentia; three Leagues from Orihuela to the West, six from Carthagena to the North-West, eight from the Mediterranean Sea. Retaken from the Moors in 1265. and being a considerable and pleasant place, injoys the presence of the Bishop of Carthagena, for the most part.

Muret, Muretum, a Town in the Province of Gascoigne, in Aquitain in France; upon the Ga∣ronne, two Leagues from Tholouse: near which, Si∣mon, Earl of Monfort, in 1213. obtained a great Vi∣ctory over the Albigeois and Arragonois. Peter (the King of Arragon) being there slain, together with the Earl of Tholouse; and above twenty thou∣sand of their men. § Also a small Town in the Pro∣vince of Limosin, in the same Kingdom.

Muro, Muru, a small City in the Basiilicate, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Cosenza. It is seated at the

foot of the Appenine, in the Confines of the Princi∣pate; twelve Miles from Cosenza to the North-East, and twenty from Acerenza to the West.

Murray, Moravia, one of the North-Eastern Shires of the Kingdom of Scotland; of great extent from East to West: on the North it has the German Ocean, and Murray Fyrth; on the East Buchan; on the South Athole and Marr; and on the West Loquaber. It is in length ninety Scotch Miles, and in its greatest breadth thirty. The principal Town is Elgin, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of S. Andrews: but he is stiled Bishop of Murray, not of Elgin.

Murray Fyrth, Vara, a great Arm of the Ger∣man Ocean; which pierceth the Eastern Shoar of Scotland. On the North and West it has the County of Ross, and on the South Murray and Buchan. There is no Town of any consideration upon it, except Chaurie.

Muscovy. See Russia.

Mussidan, a Town in the Province of Perigord in France, upon the River Lille, four or five Leagues from Perigeux: famous in the Civil Wars of Reli∣gion, in the last Age.

Mut, Vidua, a River of Ireland.

Muya, Mulcha, the Niger, a vast River in A∣frica.

Mycone. See Micoli.

Mygdonia, a Country of the ancient Macedonia, betwixt the Rivers Strymon (Stronona,) Axius (Vardari,) and the Gulph of Aiomana. Apollonia, Antigonia, Amphipalis, &c. were its principal Cities. § The same name was anciently also given to a Coun∣try in Mesopotamia, lying along the course of the River Mygdonius, which watereth the Walls of the City Nifibin, and thence runs to the Bed of the Tigris.

Mycenae, an ancient City of the Peloponnesus, betwixt Argos and Corinth. Otherwise called Agios Adrianos.

Mylaen, Mylias, a City of Pamphylia, in the Les∣ser Asia; now ruined.

Myra, the ancient name of the City Strumita in Lycia. See Strumita.

Myrbach, a small Town in the Ʋpper Alsatia, in Germany; remarkable for a famous Abbey, which before the possession of this Country by the French, had the honour to be an Ecclesiastical Principality, immediately dependent of the Emperour.

Myrlaea, Apamia, a City of Bythinia, in the Les∣ser Asia, upon the South Shoar of the Propontis; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cy∣zicum; and still called by its ancient name.

Mysia, a Country of Asia Minor, according to the ancient Geography; divided into the Greater and Lesser Mysia; the former lay betwixt Phrygia, Bythinia, the Aegean Sea, and Mysia the Less; as this latter did be∣twixt Troas and the Hellespont. Now wholly con∣tained in Natolia, and under the Turks. Its princi∣pal ancient Cities, were Pergamus, Trajanopolis, A∣dramyttios, Cyzicus, Lampsacus, &c.