A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names of all the counties, provinces, remarkable cities, universities, ports, towns, mountains, seas, streights, fountains, and rivers of the whole world : their distances, longitudes, and latitudes : with a short historical account of the same, and their present state : to which is added an index of the ancient and Latin names : very necesary for the right understanding of all modern histories, and especially the divers accounts of the present transactions of Europe / begun by Edmund Bohun ... ; continued, corrected, and enlarged with great additions throughout, and particularly with whatever in the geographical part of the voluminous, Morey and Le Clerks occurs observable, by Mr. Bernard ; together with all the market-towns, corporations, and rivers, in England, wanting in both the former editions.

CAB. (Book c)

CAbe, or Cheyles, or Queiles, Chalybs, a River of Spain, rising in the Kingdom of Aragon, which waters Taracona, and falls into the Ebro. The Wa∣ters of this River have been ever famous for the tem∣pering of Steel.

Cabeston, a Town in the Province of Languedoc in France near Nismes.

Cabo d' Istria, a City of Istria in Italy, under the Dominion of the Venetians, upon the Adriatick Gulph; heretofore call'd Justinopolis, from Justi∣nian the Emperor, who rebuilt it. This is the Capi∣tal of Istria, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Aquileia. It is a small Place in an Island three Bow shoots from the Continent, to which there is a Passage by Bridges; and in the midst of it is an antient Castle: 30 Italian Miles from Aquileia to the South-East, and 75 from Venice to the East: Long. 36. 26. Lat. 45. 31.

Cabrieres, a Town in the County of Venaissin in Provence in France.

Cabul, a Province or Kingdom in the East-Indies, under the Great Mogul, near the Fountains of the River Indus; it has a City of the same Name, standing upon a small River which falls into the Indus. The whole Country is full of Mountains, but very fruitful, and rea∣sonably well traded. The Rivers Nilab and Behat, fal∣ling into the Indus, have their Sources therein. Long. 305. and Lat. 31. In this City their Kings resided heretofore. There are two Fortresses standing in it.

Cabusco, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Persia.

Cacagioni, Charox, a City of the Lesser or Crim Tartary.

Cacari, a River and Town of Mongrelia.

Cacceres, Caceres de Camarhina, a City in the principal Philippine Island of Lusson or Manilha upon the Streights of Manilha, with a good Port to the same; and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Manilha.

Cacelina, a City of Bithynia, antiently call'd Chalcedon.

Cachan, a large City in the Province of Hyrach in Persia; 22 Leagues from Ispahan. Above a thou∣sand Families of Jews (said to be of the Tribe of Juda) dwell in it. It is a famous Place for Brocards.

Cachar, the Indus or great River of the East-Indies.

Caco, Cacus, Caunus, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Aragon, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Old Castile; now call'd also Moncaio.

Cadenac, a small Town in the County of Quercy in France, upon the River Lot and the Borders of Ro∣vergue; 8 or 9 Leagues from Cahors. Some take it to be the Ʋxellodunum of the antient Gaul:, which stood out the last of all their Towns against Caesar.

Cadillac, a small Town in the Province of Gui∣enne in France, near the Garrone; in a fertile Soil, and adorn'd with one of the best Castles in this Pro∣vince.

Cachieu, or Sierra Liona, a Sea Port Town on the Coast of Guiney, much frequented by the Euro∣peans, towards the Promontory of Leaena. This Place was first discovered by the Portugals in 1452.

Cadiz, Gades, is an Island and City on the Coast of Spain, in the Atlantick Ocean; call'd Cadis and Cales by the English, and Cadice by the Italians: But small, as being only 4 Leagues in length; whereas it was once much greater, as Pliny and Strabo both affirm. It lies on the Coast of the Kingdom of An∣dalusia, to which it is now joyn'd by a Bridge between the Outlet of the River Guadalquivir or Baetis, and the Streights of Gibraltar. On the Western Shoar of this Island lies CADIS, which gives Name to the Island, built by the Phenicians, and is perhaps the oldest Town in Spain. In the times of the Ro∣mans it was made a Municipal City, and one of the Juridical Resorts for the Province of Baetica; in which time it was thought one of the Noblest and Richest Cities in all Spain; scarce yeilding to any in the Empire for Greatness, Magnificence, or the Num∣ber and Quality of the Inhabitants; here living at one time five hundred Roman Knights, which Number was not equalled in any other Place but Padua only; beside the great Concourse of Merchants from all places of the World; which occasioned Cor∣nelius Balba, a Native of it, to build a New Town to the old one. By the Moors at the Con∣quest

of Spain, it was utterly ruined, and so conti∣tinued till it was recovered from them by the Spa∣niards, who rebuilt and fortified it, and made it the Magazine for their Navies: Yet it was taken by the English in one Day, under Robert Earl of Essex, and Sir Walter Rawleigh, in which they burnt the Indian Fleet, consisting of forty Sail of Ships, whose Lading was worth eight Millions of Crowns; overcame the Spanish Navy, which consisted of fifty seven Men of War; took the S. Michael and S. Andrew, two great Gallions, with their Lading, and carried away more Martial Furniture than could be again supplied in ma∣ny Years; forced the Town, in which they slew and took Prisoners 4000 Foot, and 600 Horse, and brought thence a considerable Booty in 1596. This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sevil. Long. 14. 10. Lat. 36. 28. Juno had a Temple for∣merly in her Honor in this Island, thence call'd Juno∣nis Insula; and also Hercules another, in which Caesar wept to reflect upon the Actions of Alexander the Great at the Age of thirty three. After the Reduction of Spain by Caesar, he left a Roman Colony at Cadis with the Name of Julia Gaditana. The Antients believed it to be the utmost boundary of Navigation; calling the two Mountains near it, at the Mouth of the Streights, the Pillars of Hercules. Here the Spanish Gallions rendezvouse. It is one of the Keys of Spain, and of so very great Importance, that Charles V. re∣commended it particularly, together with Flushing in the Low-Countries, and Goulet in Africa, to the Care of his Son King Philip II. as absolutely necessary for the Conservation of his Empire. Columella was a Native hereof, with Canius a Poet mentioned by Martial.

Il Cadoriue, the most Northern Country of all Italy towards the County of Tyrol and the Alpes; contained within the Marcha Trevisana, in the States of the Republick of Venice. Its Capital Town is Pieve di Cadore.

Cadouin, a famous Abbey of the Order of the Cistercians in the Province of Perigord in France; where they pretend to preserve a Handkerchief of our Saviour's, brought out of Jerusalem in 1105. and since visited by S. Lewis K. of France, in 1269. by Charles VI. and Lewis XI. as a most extraordinary Relick.

Caen, Cadomus, famous for a Bishop's See and an University, on the River Orne, about 4 Leagues from the British Sea, 28 from Roan to the South. In the year 1063. the Archbishop of Roan held a Council here in the Presence of William the Conqueror King of England; who died in 1087. in the 74th year of his Age at Roan: and being deserted after his Death by all his Friends and Servants, was after a long time in∣terr'd by the Monks here with small Pomp, in the Abbey of St. Stephen which he him self had Founded, as his Queen had done that of the Holy Trinity. The U∣niversity was Founded by Henry V. K. of England, who took this City from the French, after a sharp resistance, by Storm in 1417. Its Long. is 22. 20. Lat. 49. 40. The learned Bochartus was none of the least Orna∣ments of this Place. They bear three Fleur de Lysses in their Arms, as a Token of their Fidelity to the Crown.

Caer-Cadon, the Welsh Name of the City of Bath.

Caerdif, See Landaff.

Caerick-Fergus. See Knock-Fergus.

Caer-Leon, Chester.

Caer-Leon, Isca Legionis, Legio Secunda, an antient Roman Town upon the Ʋsk in the County of Monmouth, which was once one of the Metropolitan Seats of Britain, and an University, till the See was removed to S. Davids. The City was ruined in the Reign of Henry II. but there are still many very honourable Marks of its Antiquity and Splendor digged up here, for which the Reader may consult Mr. Camden. The Romans quartered the Second Legion, called Augusta, in it, to bridle the Silures. King Arthur kept his Court here. It stands 9 Miles East from Landaf, 21 from Brecknock South-East, and 26 from Here∣ford South-West. Newport has sprung out of its Ruins, and stands a little beneath it on the Severn.

Caer-Lud, London.

Caermarthenshire, is one of the Twelve Counties in VVales; bounded on the East by Glamorganshire and Brecknock, on the West by Pembroke, on the North by Cardigan, from which it is separated by the River Tivy; and on the South by the Irish Sea. This County is said by Mr. Camden to be very fruitful, and in some places to have plenty of Coal Mines, and to abound in Cattle. It takes its Name from the prin∣cipal City, which stands upon the River Tiny, about 5 Miles from the Sea: called by Ptolomy, Maridu∣num; by Antonius, Muridunum. It was Walled with Brick in the times of Giraldus Cambrensis, but was then decaying: Pleasantly seated between Woods and Meadows, and very venerable for its great Antiquity: taken from the VVelch in the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror, after this by them retaken and burnt twice; till being first strengthened with a Castle by Henry Turbervil, an English Man, and after that walled about by Gilbert de Clare, it recovered some∣thing of its former Glory. The Princes of VVales settling here the Chancery and Exchequer for South VVales.

Caernarvanshire, has on the North and West the Irish Sea, on the South Merioneth, and on the East Denbighshire; parted from the Isle of Anglesey by the River Menay. All the middle parts of it are covered and filled with Mountains; so that Mr. Camden calls these Hills Alpes Britannicas, the British Alpes; and saith they afforded the greatest Security to the Welsh in times of VVar: and so abounded with Grass, that they seemed sufficient alone to have fed all the Cattle of VVales. The Western parts are more level, and yield plenty of Barley. The chief Town or City, is seated in this part of the County, upon the River Menay; and was built by Edward I. King of England, about 1283. Small and almost round, but strong, and defended by a beautiful Ca∣stle. Edward II. was born here, and Surnamed from this Town, who was the first of the English Princes that bore the Title of Prince of VVales. In after times these Princes setled here the Chancery for North-VVales. Robert Dormer Baron of VVing was crea∣ted Viscount and Earl of Carnarvan in the sourth Year of the Reign of King Charles I. who after∣wards lost his Life valiantly for that Prince at Newberry, in 1643. to whom succeeded Charles his Son.

Caerphilly, a Market-Town in the County of Gla∣morgan in VVales, where the Earl of Pembroke has a Noble Castle. It is the Capital of its Hundred.

Caerwis, a Market-Town in Flintshire, in the Hundred of Coleshill.

Caeron, a Country in Assyria, where Josephus says the Relicks of Noah's Ark were to be seen in his time. It produces your odoriferous Wood.

Caesarea, Palestina, was anciently call'd the Tower of Straton: But Herod the Great, rebuilding it, called it Caesarea, in honor of Augustus: It is now call'd Caisar. It lies on the shoars of the Mediterra∣nean Sea, in the Holy Land; 30 Miles to the South from Ptolemais, and 45 from Jerusalem. After the Ruin of Jerusalem, it became the Metropolis of Pa∣lestine, and the Seat of the Prefect or Governor; the Bishop of Caesarea gained thereby the Authority of a Primate over the Bishop of Jerusalem, and for some

Ages maintained it; but in after Councils the Bishop of Jerusalem was exempted and made a Patriarch; several great Councils have been held here. Eusebius Pamphi∣lus the Church Historian was in his time Bishop of it. Cornelius, the first converted Gentile, was baptized here by S. Peter. S. Paul was a Prisoner here. And Origen taught here. But in 653. after a Siege of 7 years, Mu∣havia a Saracen took it from the Christians. In the Holy War it was several times taken and retaken; till at last intirely ruined by Barsus a Saracen. Long 66. 15. Lat. 32. 20. §. Caesarea Magna in Cappadocia, the Episcopal Seat heretofore of S. Basil. See Caisar. §. Caesarea Philippi. See Balbec. §. Caesarea in A∣frica, an antient City mention'd with Honor in the Roman History, upon the Coast of the Mediterranean; believed to be the same with the Iol of Ptolemy, Pliny, and Mela. It became a Bishop's See since Christianity, and likewise an University that produced divers Poets and Philosophers of Note, in the time that the Ara∣bians were Victorious in Africa. In the Year 959. the Caliphs ruined it. The Remains of its Walls make it appear to have been above 3 Leagues in Circuit: call'd by the Africans Tiguident.

Caffa, a considerable City and Sea-Port in Crim Tar∣tary, upon the Eastern side of the Peninsula East of the City of Crim; supposed to be the Cavum of the Antients. It is a flourishing Mart, and furnished with a large and capacious Haven: Heretofore possessed by the Genoese, who (saith Dr. Heylin) by the Help of this Port and the Plantation they had in Pera, on the North Side of Constantinople, engrossed all the Trade of the Euxine Sea into their own hands. In 1475. it was taken by Mahomet the Great; ever since it has been in the hands of the Turks, and though by them much ruin'd, is still the principal Place in that Demy-Island. The Turks govern it by a Bashaw they send thither; and although the Tartars can possess them∣selves of it when they please, yet they chuse rather to leave it in his hands than to take it into their own. The Venetians have often sollicited a free Commerce with it for the Benefit of its Commodities: but the Port has constantly refused to suffer their Vessels to pass into the Black Sea for Reasons of State. They reckon about 4000 Houses of Mahometans, Tartars, and Christians; whereof some Latins, Greeks, and some Armenians, to the Number of about 800, who are obliged to wear a Distinction from the rest in their Bonnets.

Caffreria, a Country of Africa of large extent. It lies from the Kingdom of Angola on the North to the Cape of Good Hope, and is bounded East, West, and South with the Ocean; the South-Eastern part is very fruitful, and well peopled; the rest barren, Moun∣tainous, and little peopled. The Inhabitants are so barbarous, that they are called by this Name from their rude way of living, which signifies the Lawless People; they were all heretofore Man-eaters, and ma∣ny of them continue such to this day. They call them∣selves Hottentots. Mr. Herbert an English Man, who was in these Parts, will scarce allow them to be perfect Men; and saith they sell Man's Flesh in the Shambles. They acknowledg a Soveraign Being under the Name of Humma, which they adore when he sends good Weather: But in cold and rainy, or very hot Seasons, they change their Praises of him, into Com∣plaints against him.

Cagliari, Caralis, Calaris, a City of Sardinia, an Island in the Mediterranean Sea, which is the Ca∣pital, and the Seat of the Governor, on the South side of the Island upon an Hill: Also an Archbishop's See, and an University. When the Moors were Ma∣sters of this Island they ruined this City; but James II. King of Aragon recovering it Anno Christi 1330. the Pisans rebuilt the Town, which is now become great and rich under the Spaniards. It has three large Suburbs, a Castle and a very capacious Haven. The famous Lucifer was Archbishop of this See in the Reign of Constantine M. Pope Hillary was born here, and Martin King of Sicily died here in 1409. Long. 32. 12. Lat. 37. 30. The Cape Cagliari derives its Name from hence.

Cagli or Caglio, Callium, Cale, Calle, a small City in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, which is a Bi∣shop's See under the Archbishop of Ʋrbino; seated upon the River Metro, at the foot of the Apennine, 14 Leagues from Ʋrbino to the South-West, and the same Distance from Eugubio to the North-East. It was under the Dominion of the Pope in 1289.

Caiors or Cahors, Doveona, Divona, Cadurcum, the principal City of Quercy in Guienne in France upon the River Loth, over which it has three Bridges. It is a large, fine, and strong City, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Alby ever since 1678. before which time it was under the Archbishop of Berry: ten Leagues from Alby to the North, and 45 from Bour∣deaux to the East. Pope John XXII. being born here, founded an University in it in 1331. The Bi∣shops take the Title of Earls of Cahors. Henry IV. King of Navarre, besieged it in 1580. and reduced it in three Days; since which time its Castle and For∣tifications have been demolished.

Cajania, a Province of Sweden which is often also called East-Bothinia; between the Botner Sea, Lapland, and Finland.

Cajan••burg, the principal Town within the for∣mer Territory, which gives Name to it: it lies to∣wards Lapland upon the Lake Ʋla; with a Castle for its Defence and Honor.

Cajazzo, Calatia, a City in the Province of Lavo∣ro in the Kingdom of Naples, about 7 Miles East of Capua; near the River Voltorno, and a Bishop's See under the Arch-Bishop of Capoiia. It was considerable in the times of the Caesars; a Colony having been setled there by Julius Caesar, as Apianus Alexandri∣nus saith, which on that account joyn'd with Au∣gustus. But now very small and in a declining Con∣dition.

Cajenne, an Island to the South of the Mouth of the River Cajenne (which gives Name to it) in the Province of Guyana in America, under the French; 18 Leagues in Circuit. The River Cajenne springs from the Mountains, near the Lake of Parima, and continues its Course about 100 Leagues through the Country of the Galibes, before it falls into the Ocean with this Island in its Embraces. The Hol∣landers settled themselves here in 1656. and again in 1676. but were both times expelled by the French, who were the prior Occupants.

Caj••tta. See Gajetta.

Caifum, or Caifung, one of the principal Cities in China, seated on the South of the River Croceus, in the Province of Honan, in Long. 142. 35. It was heretofore the ordinary Residence of the Emperors of China, till the Year 1642. that the Usurper Lyncungh besieged it: To drown whose Army, the People piercing the Banks of the River Croceus (which lies higher than the Town) brought the Water upon them∣selves more than on the Enemy, with so great an Impe∣tuosity, that the Houses were all overturned, three hun∣dred thousand Inhabitants drown'd, and the whole Town changed into a Lake from that Day.

Caiman, a greater, and Lesser Island, North of Cuba, in the Gulph of Mexico; known by the Tor∣toise-Fishing-Trade there.

Caiphas, a City of Phoenicia, at the foot of Mount Carmel, and heretofore an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Tyre: Understood by some to be the

Porphyrcum of Polybius and Stephanus. The Lords hereof were of high renown in the time that the Christians were Masters of the Holy land.

Cairo, Babylon, Memphis, Cairus, the Capital of Egypt, and indeed the greatest City in all Africa: by the Arabians call'd Alchair; seated on the East side of the River Nile, about 1 Mile from it; there is a Passage from the River into it, which divides the Town in the middle. This City sprang out of the ruins of Memphis and Babylon, which stood not far from it on the Western Shoar of the Nile, and was built by the Saracens, or Moors, after they be∣came Masters of Egypt; the Califfs of which Nation for a long time resided here, as did afterwards the Sultans. In 1517. it was Conquered by Selim the Turk, and it has ever since been in their hands; but is now sensibly declined from what it was. The Pa∣triarch of Alexandria resides here, who has six an∣tient Greek Churches in the place; there are many more belonging to the Cophtites; for whose Convi∣ction in the business of Nestorianisme, a Council was held here in 1582. by the order of Pope Gre∣gory XIII. but without effect, tho the Patriarch of the Cophtites had been first gain'd over to the Perswasion of the Latens. They have an Aqueduct of 350 Arches, which brings the water from the River to the Town. Its chiefest Manufacture is Tapestry. Three Leagues lower, the Nile is divided into two Branches, which make the Delta. It is 8 Miles in compass, and has at the South end of it a stately Castle, the Palace of the Mamaluck Sultans, built upon a Mountain which overlooks the City and a great part of the Country: When the Turks took it, it was very strong, but Se∣lim ruin'd a great part of it; and that which re∣mains, serves for the residence of the Turkish Bassa, who hath the Government of this Kingdom. About 10 Miles from this City stand those famous Pyra∣mids which have in all Ages been so much admired, and are certainly the most antient Buildings in the whole World, and may in all probability not perish before the general Conflagration. Long. 38. 48. Lat. 36 40.

Cairoan, Cyrene, an antient and once very noble City in Africa, mentioned in the Acts of the Apo∣stles; and now almost ruin'd and depopulated by the Turks, in whose hands it is: seated right over∣against Matapan, the most Southern Cape of the Morea; an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Alexandria, and once famous not only for its Anti∣quity, (being built in the year of the World 3560. 143 years after Rome;) but also for Learning, it having produced many noble Greek Writers; and particularly Aristippus, the founder of the Sect of the Cyrenaick Philosophers, with the ingenious Areta his Daughter, who succeeded him in his School. The Country antiently call'd Libya Cyrenaica, com∣prehending the Five Cities of Berenice, Teuchire, Ptolomais, Apollonia, and Cyrene, derived its name from hence. It had sometime the honour to bear the Title of a Kingdom. For in the Year of Rome 658. we read of a Ptolomy surnamed Apion, King of Cyrene, nomi∣nating the Romans to be his Heirs. The Libya Cy∣renaica was afterwards call'd Pentapolis from these its Cities, and now Mestrata. Long. 50. 00. Lat. 31. 20. § Also a Town upon the River Capullia in the Kingdom of Tunis, about 14 Leagues from the Sea. Built in 652. by the Caliphs of Syria, and adorn'd with a sumptuous Mosque, where you see the Sepulchres of the Kings of Tunis. For want of Foun∣tains in so dry and barren a Soil as this Town stands in, they drink altogether of the Water of the Ci∣stern. There has been formerly an University here, frequented from all the parts of Africa. It is the Thysdrus of the Antients. The Arabians call it Cai∣ravan: And a chief Pontiff of the Mahometan Law resides in it.

Caisar, Caesarea Magna, a City of Cappadocia upon the River Haly, which was made a Colony by Tibenius Claudius; call'd before this Archelais, 60 Miles from Iconium to the North. Till the time of Valens the Roman Emperour, it was the Metropo∣lis of Cappadocia. The Great S. Basil was a Bishop here. Long. 64. 40. Lat. 41. 40.

Caket, a Kingdom and City of Georgia in Asia towards the Mountain Caucasus: Conquered by the King of Persia, and Govern'd under him by a Viceroy. The ruins that are to be seen in the City are suffi∣ent evidences of its former magnificence. This Coun∣try is properly the antient Iberia.

Calabria, Magna Graecia, Brutii Populi. This is the Name of an antient Province in the Kingdom of Naples in Italy; but now applyed to another, which is no part of that which had heretofore the name of Calabria. The antient Calabria was bounded on the North and East by the Adriatick Sea; on the South by the Salentins; and on the West by Apulia Pucetia, taking up that part of the Kingdom of Naples, which makes now the North of the Pro∣vince of Otranto. The present Calabria, is a very large, and the most Southern Province of that King∣dom; itself a Dukedom, the Title of which was given to the Eldest Son of the King of Naples, whilst it remained a separate Kingdom. This is bounded on the North by the Basilicata, on the East by the Ionian Sea, on the West by the Tyrrhenian, and on the South by the Sicilian Streights. Its great∣est length is from North to South; and it is one of the four principal Provinces of the Kingdom of Naples. Divided commonly into the Hither or Ʋpper (which is the more Northern), and the Further or Lower Calabria. The Saracens became Masters of it about the year 827. and were expell'd in the 11th. Century by the valour of the Celebrated Robert Gui∣chard, a Norman; who from a Souldier of For∣tune, made himself Duke of Puglia and Calabria about the year 1059. being the head of a Line, which soon after in the Person of Roger II. attained the Crowns of Naples and Sicily. Calabria is very sub∣ject to Earthquakes. There is an Historical relation of one particularly which continued more or less from 1638. to 1641.

Calahorra, Calaguris, Clunia, a City of the Old Castile in the Kingdom of Spain, upon the River Ebro, where it entertains the River Cidacos di Castella; built upon an Hill in the limits of the Kingdom of Navarr, and was first made a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragon, by Pope Alexander VI. in 1498. but afterwards Subjected to the Archbishop of Burgos. The Bishoprick of Calzada was united to this See in 1236. It lies 23 Leagues from Bajona to the South, in Long. 18. 50. Lat. 43. 26. Quin∣tilian and Prudentius were both of this City. The antient Inhabitants of it, call'd Caliguritani, sustain'd a Siege against Pompey with so much obstinacy, as at last to kill their very Wifes and Children, and salt them like Pork, and Eat them for Provisions. Pliny mentions two Towns of this Name; Cali∣gurris Nascica, and Caligurris Fibularia: the first was amongst the People of Husca: the other in the Country of the Gascons, as some interpret him.

Calais, Caletum, Portus Iccius, a strong Town of Picardy in France, at the entrance of the Eng∣lish Channel, right over-against Dover. Taken by Edward III. in 1347. after a siege of a 11 Months, and lost again by Q. Mary in less than a Fortnight, in 1557. till when for 210 years together, we had the Keys of France at our Girdles; and that Princess accordingly resented the loss, dying soon after of

Grief, as it was thought, for it; saying not long before her death, that if she were opened they should find Calais at her Heart. Cardinal Albert took this Town from the French in 1596. but it was soon after by them recover'd, according to the Peace of Vervin in 1598. The Country adjacent had heretofore the Name of Caletes. The Long. is 23. 00. Lat. 51. 00.

Calama, Thyamus, a River of Epirus: it falls into the Ionian Sea, over against the Island of Eri∣cusa, now Alicur; between Corfu to the North, and Cefalonia to the South.

Calama, or Calamata, an inland City of Africa, between Hippo to the East, and Cirta to the West. Often mentioned in the Writings of S. Austin. It was formerly an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Carthage.

Calamata, Thuria, a Fort, and an unwalled, but well Peopled Town on the South of the Morea in the Province of Belvedore; opposite to Coron, from whence, it is distant 40 English Miles by Sea. This Castle or Fort was taken by surprize in 1659. and desert∣ed, but retaken in 1685. and is now Garrisoned by the Venetians. § Another in the Kingdom of Al∣giers in Africa, near the River Major.

Calamianes, an Island of the East-Indies, which lies between Borneo and the Philippine Islands; and is subject to a Prince of its own.

Calarauega, or Calaroga, a small Town in Old Castile in Spain, where S. Dominique de Guzman, the founder of the Order of the Preachers, was born.

Calatagirone, an inconsiderable small Town in the Island of Sicily, amongst the Mountains: built upon the ruins of the antient Calata: some speak of another of this Name in the same Island.

Calata••ud, a Town of Aragon in Spain. Built, as is supposed, by an Arab, who left his own Name to it. In Latin called Bilbilis Nova, from its situa∣tion near the ruins of the antient Bilbilis, between Saragossa and Medina Caeli. It stands in a Plain, but at the foot of a high Mountain, upon the River Zalon, which there receives the River Baubula. A large and handsom Town, in a fruitful Country, with a Castle to command and defend it.

Calatrava, Oretum, a City of New Castile in Spain, upon the River Guadiana, 15 Leagues South of Toledo. Taken from the Moors by Sanctius III. in 1158. who granting it to the Templars, they di∣strusting the strength of the place, resigned it up again to him. Whereupon two Cistercian Monks undertook to fortifie it, as they did in a short time; and upon a new Grant of it to their Order, they Instituted the Order of the Knights of Calatrava, for the defence of it, which was confirm'd by Pope Alexander III. This Order of Knights was begun in 1185. under Alphonsus the Noble: at first they had Masters of their Order, but in 1489 that Dig∣nity was annexed to the Crown Paul III. granted them leave to Marry once. The Order hath 24 Mannors in Spain belonging to it. Their Habit was at first the same with that of the Cistercians, till Pope Benedict XIII. dispensed with it.

Calavar, a Village of the Province of Balagate, which is the last Province and Town the Mogul has towards the Kingdom of Orixia, of Golconda. In this place unreasonable Tolls are forced from Tra∣vellers. Thevenot.

Calcot, Calchutum, mentioned in the 7th. Tome of the Councils, for a Council here assembled in 787. under Gregory Bishop of Ostia, and Theophylact Bishop of Tali, the Legates of Pope Adrian I. But whether this be Calcot in Oxfordshire, or Calcot in Berkshire, or another, our Author is not express

Calder, a River in Yorkshire falling into the Ouse below York.

Calderino, a famous Bath, 10 Miles from Verona in Italy; ordinarily call'd the Bath of Verona.

Calecut, or Calicut, Calecutium, a Kingdom in the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies, taking its Name from a City seated on the Western Shoars. Long. 105. dog. Long. and Lat. 11. 22. It is under a Prince of its own, who has some o∣ther Kings Tributary to him. And inhabited by Pagans, Mahometans, Arabians, the Christians of S. Thomas, with the Converts of the Mission, as to the several Religions of the People. Not the King's Sons, but the King's Sisters Sons succeed to the Crown. The City is very great, and has no Walls; the European Merchants drive here a plentiful Trade. This was the first place in the East-Indies the Portuguese discovered in 1498. Where at first they were kind∣ly received by the King; but afterwards he would have destroyed them at the instigation of some A∣rabian Merchants, which necessitated them to joyn with the King of Cochin against him. The English also have a good settlement here.

Calemberg, a Country in the Dutchy of Brun∣swick in the lower circle of Saxony, lying along the Weser: it is a part of the Style of the Duke of Brun∣swick. § a Mountain in Austria, extended from the Danube to the Save, and divided into divers parts under as many different names: in Latin, Caesius, Mons, understands the whole Mountain.

Calepio, Calepium, a Town near Bergamo in I∣taly upon the River Oglio, with a Vally to which it imparts its name. Ambrosius Calepinus was a Na∣tive of this Town.

Cales, Gadis. See Cadiz.

California, a vast Island of North America, in the South Sea near New Mexico, from which it is parted by the Purple Sea: 300 Spanish Leagues in length, and 60 in breadth. First discovered by Cor∣tesius in 1535. In 1587. Captain Cavendish, an English Man, took near the South Cape of this Island a very rich Ship. In 1620. it was found to be an I∣sland, which was thought before to be a part of the Continent: Sir Francis Drake in 1577. wintered in this Island, and took possession of it for his Mistress, calling it Nova Albion. Tho said to be exceeding fruitful, full of People, of a good and quiet humor and disposition, yet the Spaniards never attempted to settle here, till within about 7 years since. It is a dry and unfruitful Country: they fish for Pearl up∣on the Eastern Coast of it.

Calingae, an antient People of the East-Indies, mentioned by Pliny.

Calixine, Taniticum, one of the Mouths of the Nile.

Calear, a small but fine City in the Dutchy of Cleve in Germany, under the Dominion of the Duke of Brandenburg, upon the River Men, within one German Mile of the Rhine, 2 from the City of Cleve; a little further from Emeri••, and 4 from Wesel to the North.

Callao: or Callao de Lima, Callaum, a small Island upon the Coast of Peru over against the Port of Lima, with a Town in it and a Castle.

Callirh••e, a Fountain of Judea beyond Jordan mentioned by Josephus: its Waters are Medicinal, and yet very pleasant to drink; falling into the Lake As∣phaltites. § Another in Attica, particularly taken notice of for flowing with 9 several Streams. Plin•• and Pausanias mention divers others.

Callo, a Fort in Flanders, where the States Ar∣my received a sharp check in 1638.

Calmar, Calmaria, a very strong City of the Pro∣vince of Smaland, upon the Baltick Sea over against

the Isle of Oeland: strangely ruined by Fire in 1647. Thenarrow passage between it and Oeland is call'd, Calmarsund; it lies in Lat. 57. 00. Long. 37. 30. This City was taken by Christian IV. King of Den∣mark, with the slaughter of all the Inhabitants, sa∣ving those who fled into the Castle, in 1611.: but was recovered by a Treaty in 1613. by Gustavus A∣dolphus, King of Sweden. It has a good Port, where the Swedes ordinarily Embark for Germany: And the Cittadel carries the greatest Name of any in the North.

Calne, a Market-Town in VViltshire, which is the capital of its Hundred, upon a River of the same name, running from East to West into the Bristol Avon. There was a Synod held here in 977. where they say the Clergy presented complaints against St. Dunstan for his partiality to the Monks: but whilst the Cause was in debate, the Roof of the House fell, and St. Dunstan alone escaped unhurt. This Cor∣poration returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Caloieron Oros, Olympius, Maesinus, a Mountain now called the Monks Mount by the Greeks, and Geschi∣dag by the Turks, as Leunclavius saith; it stands in the Confines of Bithynia, directly South of the fa∣mous City of Nice, and not far from it.

Calojero, Atalantia, a small Island lying near Negropont.

Calopinica, Taurocinium, a River of Calabria, which falls into the Straits of Sicily, between the Promontory of Armi, and the City of Regio.

Calore, Calor, a River of the Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, which riseth from the Apennine, washeth Benevento, and then falls into the Sabbato.

Calpe, one of the Pillars of Hercules; being a high Mountain in the Kingdom of Andalusia in Spain, opposite to the antient Abila upon the Coast of A∣frick.

Calpurt, Colchis, a City of Armenia.

Calsery, a small Town in the Kingdom of Iamba in the East-Indies, under the Great Mogul; about 25 Leagues from the Ganges: understood by some to be the Batan Caesara of Ptolomy.

Calvary, Golgotha, the holy Mount near the Walls of Jerusalem to the South, on which our Saviour dyed. It is believed by divers of the Greek and La∣tin Fathers, that Adam was buryed, and that Abra∣ham offered to Sacrifice his Son Isaac here. Adrian the Emperor, in derision of Christianity, caused the Idols of Jupiter and Venus to be Erected upon it; which Constantine the Great and Helena his Mother demolished, in the same place building a Church (called Martyrion at first, now S. Sepulchre) not inferiour to the most beautiful one in the World. The Christian Princes have many times bestowed great Benefactions upon this Church. The Emperor He∣raclius reedified it in 628. after it had been ruined by Chosroes King of Persia in 615, at his taking of Jerusalem. The renowned Godfrey of Bouillon made large Additions to it in 1099. There are distinct Apartments in it for the Latin, the Greek, the Ar∣menian, the Syrian, the Cophtite, and the Abyssine Christians: who show you a Chappel, where the Cross stood that bore the Sacrifice of our Saviours Body, called the Chappel of the Crucifixion: the place where he was Embalmed, according to the custom of the Jews; the place where he is said first to appear to the Blessed Virgin after his Resurrection, called the Chap∣pel of the Apparition; the Rock out of which his Sepulchre was hewn, and the Tomb itself illumina∣ted with 62 Lamps that burn continually. Here are the Tombs of Godfrey of Bouillon the first King of Jerusalem, and Baldwin I. his Brother, who succeed∣ed him in that Crown.

Calvi, Cales, a small City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples, 6 Miles North of Capoua; which tho it has not much above 20 Houses, is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capoua. It with∣stood a Siege against the French and Turks in 1555. the Antients called it Cales. § a Town in the Island of Corsica with a Port and a considerable Fortress to the Gulph of the same name, under the Genouese.

Calydon, an antient City of Aetolia in Greece; sometime adorned with an Episcopal See, and the Title of the Capital of the Country; giving Name to a Forest therein. § Also the antient Appellation of a part of Scotland towards the County of Perth, in which Dunkeld stands: see Dunkeld. The same con∣tinuing to the Northern Sea to this Day.

Calydoni, a little Castle in the Vicentine in Italy, whence a Noble Family of Vicenza derives their Name.

Calzada, Calciata, a small City in old Castile in Spain; once a Bishops See, which is now removed to Calahorra, from whence it lies 12 Spanish Leagues to the West. It is sometimes called S. Domingo de la Calzada, from the great Devotion of People to S. Dominick there. Henry II. King of Castile, dyed here in the year 1379.

Calzan, Calzun, the Arabian Gulph.

Camala, Emisa. See Hama.

Camarina, an antient Town of the Island of Si∣cily, built in the year of Rome 150. according to Eu∣sebius, and long since ruined; leaving only its name to a River in the same Island. Its situation near the purulent Lake of Camerina obliging the Inhabitants to drain that Lake up, whereby the Enemy obtained a Passage to take the Town, occasioned the known Proverb Camarinam movere.

Camb or Kamp, Cambus, a River of the Upper Austria in Germany, springing towards the Frontiers of Bohemia, and ending in the Danube.

Cambaia, the Capital of the Kingdom of Guzu∣rat; and a noble Port, lying in a very great Bay of the same Name; now subject to the great Mogul; the City lies in Long 105. Lat. 22. 30. and is one of the greatest, the richest, the best traded Cities in the East-Indies; seated in a fruitful Soil, and full of People: commonly called the Cairo of the Indies; whence the Kingdom of Guzerate is often named the Kingdom of Cambaia. It is walled with a fair Wall of Free-stone, hath very large Houses, straight and broad Streets; greater than Surat, being ten Leagues in compass; and hath 3 Basars or Market places, and 4 noble Tanks or Cisterns, able to find the Inhabitants Water all the year: tho there is 7 fathom Water in the Haven at high water, yet at low water the Ships lie dry in the Sand and Mud, which cover the bottom of it. The Inhabitants are partly Heathens, partly Mahometans. And in 1638. the English had here a Factory, as Mandelslo ac∣quaints us; from whom the latter part of this De∣scription is taken.

Cambala, a City in China. See Peking: some represent it to be 24 Italian Miles in compass. Cam∣balu is the Mascovian and Saracen Name for it, Peking the Indian.

Cambaya, Camboya or Camboge, a Kingdom in the East-Indies, over against the Isle of Borneo; bounded on the West with the Kingdom of Siam, and on the East with that of Cochin. It is Tributary to the King of Siam. This Kingdom is almost e∣qually divided by a vast River, which in July and August overflows all the Country, as the Nile doth Egypt. The King of it is a great Friend to the Por∣tuguese, as he of Siam is to the Dutch. Upon the most Eastern Branch (for there are 3) of the River mentioned before, stands Cambodia the principal City, built upon a rising Ground to prevent the yearly De∣luges.

This Kingdom is extream fruitful, but not potent, the King not being able to bring above 25 or 30000 Men into the Field: first discoverd by Al∣phonso d'Albuquerque in 1511. as Mandelslo saith. Cambodia lies in Long. 135. 00. Lat. 10, 35.

Cambray, Cameracum, called by the Flandrians Camerick, a City of Hainault upon the Schold; Guicciardin saith it is a great, fair, strong City, and has a strong Castle built by Charles V. That it a∣bounds in excellent publick Buildings, especially the Cathedral is very great and beautiful: that it is po∣pulous and rich, and was a very antient Bishoprick, under the Archbishop of Rhemes; but in 1559. ex∣empted by Pope Paul IV. and erected into an Arch∣bishoprick. The first place the French possessed themselves of, after they came out of Germany, in 1445. After this it became an Imperial City and continued so till Charles V. in 1543. built a Citta∣del in it, and annexed it to his own Dominions. The French, who all along pretended a Right to it, at last in 1677. took it by force after a sharp defence. The Archbishops are honored with the style of Dukes of Cambray, Earls of Cambresis, and Princes of the Empire. Cambresis is a considerable Territory be∣twixt Picardy, Flanders, Artois, and Hainault: ex∣treamly fruitful, and adorned with a Castle of its own Name, in which Henry II. of France and the King of Spain Celebrated that Treaty of Peace in 1559. which the French say was most disadvantage∣ous to them. It lies 4 Leagues from Doway South, in Long. 26. 06. Lat. 49 45.

Cambria, the antient Name of the Principality of Wales: more especially of the Western part thereof to∣wards Ireland.

Cambridgeshire, hath on the East Suffolk and Norfolk, on the West Huntington and Bedford, on the South Hartford, and on the North Lincolnshire; the River Ouse divides it almost in the midst. To∣wards the South end of the County lies the Town which gives it its Name. Mr. Camden saith it is called Camboritum, being seated upon the East Bank of the River Cam, which is here passed by a Bridge. This is one of the antientest and noblest Universities in Christendom; having 16 Colleges and Halls en∣dowed, or Nurseries in it of Piety and Learning; the most antient of which is Peter House, founded in 1257. by Hugh Balsham, a Sub-Prior; before which time there was only Hostels, wherein the Scho∣lars maintained themselves. This place sends 4 Bur∣gesses to the Parliament, 2 for the Town, and 2 for the University. It has been dignified with the Title of an Earldom in several eminent Persons; and lately of a Dukedom in 4 Sons of King James II. when Duke of York, who all dyed very young. Long. 21. 49. Lat. 52. 30. § The English have given the Name of Cambridge to a Town in New England also, situated upon the River Merrimick, and beautified with seve∣ral fair Streets, besides 2 Colleges, in which they aim at the Figure of an University.

Camelford, a Market-Town in the County of Cornwal in the Hundred of Lesnewth.

Camerino, Camerinum, an Episcopal City in the Marca Anconitana, in the Dominions of the Church. Seated at the foot of the Apennine, upon the River Chiento, which entereth the Adriatick Sea, 25 Miles South of Ancona. This was a considerable place in the time of the antient Romans; and has sometime since born the Title of a Dukedom. Leander gives it a strong Situation and plenty of People, which last is rarely found in these Italian inland Cities. He says also, there was another Town of this Name in Campagnia di Roma, which they call now Camerota. It lies 24 Miles East of Spoleto. Long. 36. 43. Lat. 42. 47.

Camin, Caminum, a small City in the further Pomerania, which is a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop of Gnisen, whereas heretofore it belonged to Magdeburg. It stands on the Eastern Shoar of the River Diwenow [Odera] over against the Island of Wolinsche, not above a Mile from the Baltick Sea, and about 7 from Stetin to the North. This belongs to the Duke of Brandenburgh, by the Treaty of Westphalia, and has imbraced the Augustan Confessi∣on. Long. 39. 30. Lat. 54 12.

Caminiec. See Kaminieck.

Campagnano, Campaniano, Acheron, a River of the Province of Calabria, flowing from the Apennine and falling into the Tyrrhenian Sea, about 8 Miles South of Amantea, over against Stromboli; a fla∣ming Mountain in an Island of that Name.

Campagna, a City of the Kingdom of Naples, in the Principato, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Conza; with the Title of a Marquisate. It stands between the Rivers of Atro and Tuza, 16 Miles from Salerno to the East, and 11 from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the East also.

Campagnia di Roma, a Province of Italy, un∣der the Dominion of the Pope; on the West it has S. Peters Patrimony, on the North Sabina, on the South the Mediterranean Sea, and on the East the Kingdom of Naples; Rome itself stands in this Pro∣vince, and it contains the far greatest part of the an∣tient Latium; the inland parts are fruitful and popu∣lous; those towards the Sea are little inhabited, by reason of the unwholsomness of the Air, tho other∣wise the Country is plain and fruitful enough.

Campanir, Astacapra, a City of the hither East-Indies.

Campden, a Market-Town in Gloucestershire in the Hundred of Kistgate: the Earl of Gainesborough, Viscount Campden has a Seat here.

Campen, Campania, a Town in Stiria. § There is another of the same Name in Over-Yssel in the Low Countries, upon the Western Banks of the Yssel, near the Zuider Zee, 5 Miles from Daventer to the North-East. It was heretofore an Imperial free City, but long since exempted, and under the States Gene∣ral. In 1672. taken by the French, and the year following deserted. It is a great, lovely, and impor∣tant place; and was the Birthplace of Albertus Pig∣hius, a very learned Man. Long. 27. 14. Lat. 52. 42.

Campiano, a small Town in the State of the Val∣ley of Taro in Italy, near the River Taro. It is an important Pass, and therefore carefully fortified by the Duke of Parma.

Campeach, a City belonging to the Spaniards, in the West-Indies, taken by Captain Mynnes an En∣glish Man in 1662, being deserted by the Inhabitants. The English took here 50 peices of Canon, 14 Ships, and the Governor Prisoner.

Campus Piorum, a celebrated place in the Island of Sicily, near Catania: so called from the 2 Bro∣thers Amphinomus and Anapus, that carried their Fa∣ther and Mother upon their Shoulders hither out of the flames of Aetna. Val. Max.

Cana, a Town in the Tribe of Zabulon in Gali∣lee in the Holy Land: heretofore famous for the first Miracle of our Saviours operation on Earth, at the Marriage of Simon Zelotes according to N••cephorus Calixtus, or of S. John the Evangelist, according to others. Now a poor Village inhabited by none but Turks. For the Church which Helena the Mother of Constantine, built in the place of that House where our Saviour celebrated the Marriage, has been long since converted into a Mosque. Nathanael was an Inhabitant of this Town.

Canada, New France, a large Country in the North America, discovered first by the French, and

by them inhabited. It lies North of New-England. Quebec is the chief Colony of it. The Savages speak different Languages: and here, as in other parts of America, they have a custom to eat their Enemies taken in War; a fate that particularly befel John Ver∣razan a Florentine, who first took possession of this Country in the name of Francis I. King of France in 1525. There is a very great River of the same Country, already known to run 500 Leagues, full of large Islands, and about 30 Leagues broad at the mouth, called Canada by the Natives, by the French S. Lawrence, from their entrance into it upon that day. The Saguenay and the Three Rivers fall into its Channel from the North.

Cananor, a Kingdom in the Promontory of Ma∣labar, on this side the Ganges in the East-Indies; abutting upon the River Gangerocora; 25 Leagues in length along the Coast, with a City of the same Name sometime since taken by the Hollanders. The Islands of Divandurou and Malicut amongst the Mal∣dives are subject to this King.

Canara, a Kingdom on this side the Gulph of Bengala in the East-Indies in the Promontory of Malabar, separated from the Kingdom of Malabar to the South by the River Gangerocora, and from that of Cuncan to the North by the River Aliga. It is Tributary to the Great Mogul: by some called Tulamar, and at perpetual Enmity with the Kingdom of Malabar.

Canary Isles, Canariae, are 7 Islands over against the Coast of Lybia Interior, so called from Canaria, the principal of the number, in which the Spanish Governor resides; being about 20 Leagues in circuit, and ennobled with a large, handsom, populous City of the same Name, which is an Episcopal See. These were called by the Antients the Fortunate Islands, in general: but their particular Names are Canaria, Te∣neriff, the Isle of Palmes, the Isle of Iron, Fuerte-Ventura, Gomera, and Lancelote; and because a great number of Dogs was found in them in antient times, therefore says Pliny, they had all the Name of the Canaries. In one of these the first Meridian is usually fixed, viz. Teneriff. They are are much fre∣quented for their excellent Wines, and Merchandises, by the English and other Nations. After the know∣ledg of them had been lost for many Ages, they were first discovered again in 1330. Vid. Azores. About the year 1344. Lewis de la Cerda, Grandson to Alphonsus X. King of Castile and Earl of Cler∣mont, undertaking the Conquest of them, thereby to introduce the Christian Faith, was Crowned King of the Canaries by Pope Clement VI. He in his de∣sign failing, they were afterwards granted to John Betancourt, according as it is already remarked un∣der the Word Azores.

Canathus, a Fountain in the Morea, in the Pro∣vince of Napoli di Romania, celebrated by the anti∣ent Poets for a Fiction of Juno's washing herself eve∣ry year therein to restore her Virginity. § Also a City in Caelosyria in Asia, which has sometime been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bastro, men∣tioned by Ptolomy.

Canavese, a Country in the principality of Pied∣mont, betwixt the City Juraea and the River Po: yielded to the Duke of Savoy by the Treaty of Que∣rasque in 1631.

Canche, Cantius, Quentia, a River of Picardy, springing near Blavincour in Artois, passing by Lig∣ny sur Canche, receiving the Ternois at Hesdin, and falling into the Ocean at Montreuil and Estaples.

Cancheu, a great City in the Province of Kiangsi in China, with a Territory of the same Name that is honored with the Government of a Viceroy, (distinct from the Viceroy of Kiangsi) who resides in this City, and commands also some Towns in the Pro∣vinces adjacent of Fokien, Quantung and Huquang. It is a place of extraordinary Trade and concourse.

Candahar, Candahara, the Capital of the Pro∣vince of that Name, belonging to the Kingdom of Persia, and one of the greatest inland Cities of Asia; seated on the Eastern Shoar of the River Balcan, which running Northward, falls into the Oboengir, which last by Oxus or Gehun is conveyed in the Caspian Sea. On the East it is defended by a strong Wall, on the West by an high Mountain; in the middle of it is a Rock, on which is built a Castle. The Suburbs are greater than the City, and much frequented by the Persian and Indian Merchants, who pass to and fro through it. It lies in Long. 110. Lat. 34. 40. This City has been often taken and retaken between the Mogul and the King of Persia, till at l••st the latter possessed himself of it and still keeps it.

Cande, or Candes, Candensis Vicus, a Town in the Province of Touraine in France, upon the Loyre; where S. Martin the Bishop, so much extolled by Sulpitius Severus who writes his Life, dyed Nov. 11. An. Dom. 400. § Likewise a River in Languedoc falling into the Aveirou.

Candea or Candi, the most considerable King∣dom in the Island of Ceylan in the East-Indies; and a great and populous City, the capital thereof, upon the River Trinquilemale.

Candei, an antient People of the Gulph of Ara∣bia, call'd heretofore Ophiomages, from their eating of Serpents.

Candelaro, a River of the Kingdom of Naples, springing out of the Apennine Mountains in the Capi∣tanata, and ending in the Adriatick near Manfredonia;

Candelona, or Candelora, a Town and principality in the Province of Caramania in the lesser Asia. The Town stands upon the Bay of Laiazzo, between the lesser Asia and Syria, eight Miles from Antioch to the North, and 5 from Scanderoon to the South.

Candia, Creta, Jovis Insula in Virgil (being here∣tofore consecrated to him) is one of the noblest Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, lying opposite to the Mouth of the Archipelago. In Length from East to West two hundred and fifty Miles, in Breadth sixty, in Circuit five hundred and forty. Heretofore it was full of a hundred potent Cities, and thence call'd He∣catompolis, most of which are now ruined. To omit the more antient Story of this Island; it was granted by Baldwin Earl of Flanders to the Earl of Montisferat, who in 1194. sold it to the Venetians. Others say, that when the Latins in 1204 took Constantinople, this and the other Islands in the Aegean Sea fell to the Ve∣netians for their share. In 1645. the Turks invaded it, and in 1669. by taking of Candia possess'd them∣selves of all but two or three Forts upon the Sea. The inland Parts are very mountainous, yet fruitful, espe∣cially of Wines and other such Fruits; but it wants Corn. Whilst it was under the Venetians, it was so populous, that they might raise in it 60000 Men. The Language there then used was the vulgar Greek, and they were accordingly of the Greek Church, though with a mixture of the Latin Service in some places. Now divided into four Territories or jurisdictions, call'd Candia, Canea, Rettina, and Sittia, from the four Principal Cities in it of those Names. Long. 51. Lat. 34. §. Candia, the chief City of the Isle of Crete, called by the Greeks Castro, and Candax, was an Archbishop's See, great, rich and populous, as long as it continued in the Hands of the Venetians. And stood the longest Siege against the Turks of any place in the World, but was at last forced to submit, Sep∣tember 27. 1669. upon Conditions very honourable, after a Blockade of 22 Years, from 1645. to 1667.

and a Siege of two more; from 1667. to 1669. In which space the Turks are thought to have lost about 600000 Men before it. It lies on the Northern shoar of that Island, something nearer to the Western End. The Labyrinth of Minos in a Grott cut out of a Rock is yet to be seen here.

Canea, an Episcopal City in the Island of Candia, and the Capital of an adjacent Territory denominated from it. Taken by the Turks, Aug. 26. 1645. which loss was an Introduction to the long Blockade and Siege of Candia.

Canesham, a Market-Town in Somersetshire, seat∣ed at the fall of the River Chire into the Avon, near Bristol.

Cangria. See Gangra.

Canisa. See Kanisa.

Cannares, Savages of Peru, in the Province of Quito.

Cannae, Cannata des••rutta in Italian, is a ruined small Town in the Province of Apulia in Italy; where Hannibal engaging the Romans in a bloody Battle, slew 40000 of them upon the Place in the Year of Rome 558. with Paulus Aemilius Consul, and so ma∣ny Gentlemen, that he sent to Carthage three Bushels of Rings as a Token of his vast Victory.

Cannes, a Town in Provence in France, to the Sea, over against the Lerin Islands; misunderstood by Cluverius to be the Oxibius Portus of Strabo, because it has no Port.

Cannibals, the Savages of the Caribby Islands, notorious for eating their Enemies, whether taken alive or slain in the Field.

Cano, or Ghana, a Kingdom in Nigritia in Afri∣ca, bounded by the River Niger to the South, the Kingdom of Cassena to the East, the Agades to the West, and the Desart to the North. The Capital City bears the same Name with it and stands upon a Lake.

Canopus, an antient City of Aegypt, towards that Mouth of the Nile which is distinguished by the same Name. It has been an Episcopal See formerly; and in the opinion of some Authors, the Country of the Poet Claudian. The modern Bochira, near A∣lexandria, is supposed to be this antient Place under a new Name.

Canosa, Canusium, an antient City in the Terra di Bari in the Kingdom of Naples, with an Episcopal See that is united to the Archbishoprick of Bari; five Miles from the Ruines of Cannae, upon the Ascent of a Hill with the River Ofanto at the Foot of it. Horace gives the Character of Bilingues to its Inhabitants in the old Roman Times, because the Language they spoke was an ill mixture of Latin and Greek. It was a famous place for fine Russet colour'd Cloath; whence the Word Canusinati in Martial for such as wore of it. In this City the Emperor Henry IV. ha∣ving been excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII. ren∣dred himself to the Pope's Discretion, and thereupon received Absolution in the Year 1077. §. This is also the name of a County in the Modenese in Italy, near Parmesan.

Canstat, a small City in the Dukedom of Wirtem∣burg, upon the River Necker, within one Mile of Stuttgard, and five of Pfortzhaim to the East.

Cantabri, an antient Valiant People of Spain, being those properly of the Provinces of Guipuscoa and Biscay, who withstood Augustus in several Ren∣counters, and at last kill'd themselves rather than to submit to Servitude.

Canterbury, Cantuaria, Darvernum, Dorovernia, is the principal City in the County of Kent; very an∣tient, and without doubt (saith Mr. Camden) famous in the times of the Roman Empire. It stands on the Eastern Shoar of the River Stour, called by the Bri∣tish ••uvwhern; from whence it had its antient Names. Being the Royal Seat of the Kings of Kent, when Au∣gustine the Monk came over to convert them, it by that Means became the Metropolitan See of England. The Bodies of eight Kings lye interr'd in the Cathedral as likewise the Body of Thomas Becke•• the fa∣mous Roman-Catholick Saint, once Archbishop of this See. There has been several Provincial Councils cele∣brated here. The Coronation of King John and Queen Isabel his Wife, the Marriages of Henry II. and Edward I. were all performed here. Augustine the first Archbishop was consecrated in 568. Dr. Wil∣liam Sancroft the LXXVII. in this Succession, was consecrated Jan, 27. 1677. It lies in Long. 24. 51. Lat. 51. 16. Two Burgesses are elected for the Par∣liament by the Corporation.

Canton, a Province and City in the East of China, suppos'd to be the Cattigara of Ptolemy; which, tho the least of their Metropolitan Cities, is yet beautified with many triumphant Arches, large Streets, and goodly Bridges over a Navigable River running on the South side of it; also fortified with deep Ditches, eight Bul∣warks, and seated in a rich and plentiful Soil. The Portugals drive here (saith Dr. Heylin) a wealthy Trade, being permitted in the day time to come into the City, but at night excluded and forced to find Lodgings in the Suburbs. This City lies in Alvares Sa∣modo's Map about Long. 125. and about 26. Lat. Ac∣cording to others, in Long. 170.00. Lat. 24.00. See Quancheu.

The Switz Cantons, See Switzerland.

Capace, or Capaccio, Caput Aqueum, a City of the Principatus Citerior in the Kingdom of Naples; and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Salerno, in the place of Pesti, which was ruined by Frederick the Emperor in 1249. though since rebuilt again. This City lies 22 Miles from Salerno to the South, in Long. 38 52. Lat. 40. 28.

Caparra, Capara, a City of Extremadura in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain, which stands in the middle between Emerita, now Merida, and Pla∣centia.

Cap-D-Aguer, the same with Santa Cruz in A∣frica.

Capelan, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Pegu beyond the Gulph of Bengala in the East-Indies. A Quarry of Precious Stones of divers Colours is found within it.

La Capelle, a Fortress in the Territory of Tierache within the Province of Picardy, towards the Frontiers of Hainault; built in the last Age to oppose the Incur∣sions of the Low-Countries; about a League from the River Oyse. It has been many times taken and re∣taken.

Capernaum, or Capharnaum, the Metropolitan City heretofore of Galilee, in the Tribe of Naphtali, towards the Borders of Zabulon, near the Mouth of Jordan, and upon the Coast of the Sea of Tiberias; where our Saviour first began to preach. S. Matthew was a Publican here, when called to be an Apostle. Since Solyman reduc'd this City into Ashes, it has only been inhabited by a few Moors, who ask Money of the Pilgrims that goe to visit the holy Places.

Capes, a River of the Kingdom of Tunis in Afri∣ca, springing from Mount Atlas, and discharging it self into the Mediterranean near a Town call'd Capes, where it makes a Gulph of the same Name.

Caphareus, a famous Promontory on the East point of the Isle of Negropont, otherwise now call'd Capo del oro and Capo Figera, very dangerous to navigate. The Grecian Navy, seduc'd by N••upl••••s King of Eubaea by a false Light in revenge of the Death of his Son Palimedes by Ʋlysses, being all said to have been shipwrack'd upon these Rocks.

Capitanata, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples, which in the more antient times was call'd Apulia Daunia: bounded on the North and East with the Adriatick Sea, on the West with the County of Molise, and on the South with the Principatus Ʋlterior, the Basilicata, and the Bariano: a very fruitful well watered Country; the chief City is Manfredonia.

The Capitol, Capitolium, a famous Fortress▪ of Old Rome, founded by Tarquinius Prisous in the year of Rome 139. Perfected by Tarquinius Super∣bus in the year 221. Burnt in the Reign of Vitel∣lius. Rebuilt by Vespasian. Burnt again by Lightning under Titus, and reedified with very great pomp by Domitian, who constituted a Quinquennial Celebra∣tion of Games, (which became an Aera) by the Name of Agones Capitolini, after the manner of the Olym∣piads. Jupiter had a Temple here in his honour, whence they denominated him Capitolinus. In this place the Christians have built a Church call'd Ara Caeli, dedicated to the B. Virgin Mary.

Capo D' Istria, Caput Istriae, Aegida, the capital City of the Province of Histria in Italy. See Cabo d'Istria.

Capo, Cabo, cap, Cape de—Aden, Ammonium, a Promontory in Arabia Foelix, next to Africa, in Long. 76. 30.

—de Alguer, Atlantis, in Mauritania Tingit∣tana.

—de Bona Speranza, of Good Hope. Is a fa∣mous Promontory upon the most Southern Part of Africa: first discovered by Bartholomew Diaz, a Por∣tuguese, in 1487. in 32 of Southern Lat. 50 of Long. It had this name given it by Emanuel then King of Portugal, because he hoped by the doubling it, a pas∣sage would be open by Sea to the East-Indies, as it came to pass to the great enriching of his King∣dom. The Hollanders near this Cape have a settle∣ment of about 100 Houses with a strong Fort. The Natives are divided into several distinct Nations.

—of Cornwall, or the Lands End; the most We∣stern Point of England.

—di Corso, a Promontory in Corsica.

—di Faro, Pelorum, the most Northern Cape of Sicily.

—of Farewel, in Greenland.

—di Formoso, in Guinea.

—de Sierra Liona, Hesperium Cornu, supposed to be the most Western Point of Africa known to the Antients; 70 Spanish Leagues beyond the most Southern Mouth of the River Niger.

—de Verde, the most, Western Point of Africa in the Division of Nigritia, South to the Mouth of the Ri∣ver Senega, in 14 deg. of Lat. There is an innume∣rable number of other Capes, which the Brevity of this Work will not admit. The Islands of Capo de Verde are a knot of small Islands, (by some taken for the Hesperides, by some for the Gorgades of the An∣tients,) lying demicircularly with the Points to the Sea, 150 Leagues off of Cape Verde: under the Por∣tuguese, but not all inhabited.

Capoua, Capua, a City and Archbishoprick in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Province Di Lavoro, at the foot of Mount Tifata: 16 Miles North of Naples, and 12 from the Tyrrhenian Sea, in Long. 38. 04. Lat. 41. 00. A City that was never fortunate, and is now declining into ruins. It was built by the Lombards upon the River Voltorno, and advanced to a Bishoprick by P. John XIV, in 968. Two Leagues from the Ruines of the famous antient Capoua, that delicious City, as they call'd it, which compared it∣self with Rome and Carthage, and so debauched the Army of Hannibal with its pleasures, in one Winter that they quartered there after the Battle of Cannae, that they were not capable of beating the Romans a∣ny more. In 1118▪ Pope Gelasius II. held a Council here, in which the Emperour Henry V. was Excom∣municated, together with Gregory VIII. an Antipope.

Cappadocia, a Province of Asia Minor, bounded to the East by the Lesser Armenia, to the South Cilicia, to the West Pamphylia and Galatia, and to the North by the Euxine Sea. It has been twice a Kingdom. The first time for 470 years successive∣ly, till the Romans overcame and changed it into a Province. The second, from the 12th▪ Century to the year 1461. by the Title of the Kingdom of Tre∣bisonde from the City Trebisonda, till Mahomet II. Emperour of the Turks took and carri'd the King prisoner into Greece. It is now known by the name of Tocat. See Tocat.

Capraia, Capraria, Aegilium, is a small Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, on the Confines of the States of Genoua, between the Coast of Italy to the East, and the Island of Corsica to the West: to which last it belongs, and is therefore subject to the State of Genoua: it is 18 Miles in compass, and has a Castle for its security against Pyrats: full of Mountains, but yet not barren nor unpeopled; and chiefly abounds in Goats, (from whence it hath its Name,) and ex∣cellent Wines: 36 Miles South from the States of Genoua, and 24 from Corsica. There is another Island of the same Name in the Adriatick Sea upon the Coast of Apulia; and La Palma, one of the Canary Islands, was antiently call'd Capraria.

Caprarola, a stately and magnificent Palace in S. Peters Patrimony in Italy, 25 miles from Rome, near Viterbo, belonging to the D. of Parma and built in the last Age by Cardinal Alexander Farnese. It is par∣ticularly remark'd for a whispering Room in it, where four Persons at several Corners shall understand the lowest whispers of one to another, whilst those in the middle of the Room cannot here a word that is said. It is one of the noblest structures in all Italy.

Capri, Caprea, an Island belonging to the King∣dom of Naples, famous for the Secession of Tiberius Caesar, who lived here in great privacy in the latter part of his Reign, spending his time in Debauchery and Villany. It lies in the Tyrrhenian Sea, at the Mouth of the Bay of Naples, about 3 miles from the Cape of Campanella, and is about 12 in compass. The chief Town of it is called by the same Name, and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Amalfi; seated at the South End of the Island. The Bishops best revenue comes from Quails, which twice in the year resort in vast numbers to this Island; whence some have called him the Bishop of Quails. This Island is much mentioned in the Writers of the Life of Tiberius, and other Roman Historians.

Capsa, an antient Town in Libya Interior, defend∣ed by the Sands and Serpents of the Desarts that envi∣ron it on all sides better than any Walls and Ramparts could do, say Salust and Florus.

Carabes, Pelusium, the most Eastern Mouth of the Nile.

Carabogaana, one of the Names of Moldavia.

Caragoza, Caesar Augusta. See Saragoza.

Caraman, Caramania, a Province of the Lesser Asia, extended from East to West upon the Medi∣terranean Sea, opposite to the Isle of Cyprus; this Country had heretofore Princes of its own, but has now for many Ages been subject to the Turks; it includes the antient Provinces of Cilicia, Pamphylia, and a part of Caria. One of the potentest Viceroys or Beglerbegs of the Turkish Empire, takes his Title from this Province, tho his Jurisdiction is somewhat larger. The principle Cities in it are Cogni, Antio∣chia, and Satulia. There is another Caramania or Carnania, a large Country in Persia, bounded on the East with Gedrosia or Circan, on the West with

Farsi, Sublestan to the North, and the Gulph of Or∣mus with the Indian Ocean to the South: Contain∣ing the Provinces of Guadel, Dulcinda, and Ormus. It is now called Kherman, after its capital City, which stands upon the River Bessiry. The Nor∣thern part is rather barren; but the middle is blessed with fruitful Vales.

Caramit, Amida, Ammaea, the capital City of Mesopotamia, which is an Archbishops See upon the River Tigris. Heretofore called Constantia, from Constantius the Emperour. The Romans in this place received a great defeat by the Parthians. Long. 75. 00. Lat. 39. 30. according to the latest Maps. It is secured with good Walls, and 360 Towers.

Caragues, Salvages of Peru in the Province of Quito, towards the Coasts of the South Sea.

Caratcholi, or Karakioles, a People about the Mountain Caucasus in Asia, descended from the Hunns, and speaking the Turkish Language.

Caravacca, or Crux de Caravacca, (so called from a miraculous Crucifix there preserved, which they pretend was brought from Heaven by an Angel) is a Village amongst the Mountains in the Kingdom of Murcia in Spain, near the River Segura, upon the Borders of Old Castile.

Caravaggio, a Town in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy upon the Borders of the Bergamasco: Where Francis Sforza, Duke of Milan, gain'd a signal Vi∣ctory over the Venetians in 1446.

Carbury, a Town and Barony in the County of Kildare in Ireland: and another Town in the County of Cork.

Carcanossi, a fruitful and well cultivated Coun∣try in the South of the Isle of Madagascar, where the French have established some Colonies not long since.

Carcassonne, Carcassum, Volcarum, Tectosagum, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Narbon∣ne, upon the River▪ Atax, l' Aude, a little above its confluence with the Fresquel. Famous for Cloath∣ing, and other mechanick Trades. It stands 5 Leagues South of Aleth, having a Castle. Long. 23. 05. Lat. 42. 40. The Diocese belonging to this City is called Le Comte de Carcassonne, the Earldom of Car∣cassone. The antient Earls whereof were great pro∣tectors and favourers of the Albigenses: Whence One came to be Massacred in the Church at Besiers in 1167. and a Second had his Estate confiscated to the Earl of Monfert, by a Decree of the Synod of Mount∣pellier in 1214. and afterwards of the grand Council of Lateran in 1215.

Carcinatus, or Carentus, the Western Bay of the Euxine Sea, which shuts the passage into the Crim Tartary, in that Neck of Land which makes it a Peninsula; and is defended by the Fort Pericop, that gives name to the whole Nation there.

Cardaillac, a Town and very antient Barony in the County of Quercy in France near Figeac, upon the Borders of Auvergne. Adanced afterwards to the honour of a Marquisate.

Cardiff, a fine Town in the County of Gla∣morgan in Wales, upon the South Side of the River Taf, 2 Miles from the Sea; to which belongs a very commodious Haven. This Town was fortified with a Wall and a Castle, by one Fitz-Haimon, a great Man in these parts. Here Robert, eldest Son to Wil∣liam the Conquerour, died after a long Imprison∣ment. It returns one Burgess to the Parliament. The Earl of Pembrook has a Seat here.

Cardiganshire, or Caerdiganshire, is a County in Wales lying along the Coast of the Irish Sea, and taking its Name from Cardigan, the Capital of it, which returns one Burgess to the English Parliament. A Town pleasantly situated, within 2 Miles of the River Tivy; which divides the County from Caermarthen∣shire and Pembrokeshire on the South, as the Rivers Torvi and Dovi divide it from Merionethshire and Brecknockshire to the East. The Tivy is well stored with Salmon.

Cardona, a Castle in Catalonia in Spain, built up∣on a River called the Cardoner, where there are seve∣ral Mines of Salt, and which gives the Title of a Duke to the Family de Folch. It stands 3 Leagues from Solsona to the South.

Carelia, or Karelen, a Province of the Kingdom of Sweden in Finland, extended upon the Gulph of Finland. Heretofore in part under the Muscovites, but now entirely under the Swedes. Vibourg is the capital City of it.

Caremboule, a Country on the South of the Island of Madagascar, lying betwixt the Divisions of the Ampatres and the Mahafales. It is very good Pa∣sturage.

Carencia, a Town of the antient Rugij, upon the Coast of the Baltick Sea, in Pomerania. Here∣tofore notorious for Three Temples dedicated to Three of the most monstrous and horrible Idols, that ever were invented amongst the Heathens.

Carentan, a Town of Normandy, upon a River of the same Name, 3 Leagues from the British Sea, and 4 from Constance to the North; which has a very strong Castle. It gives the Title of a Viscount. And was both taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of that Kingdom.

Carfagniana, Carferoniana, Grafiniana, a Valley in the States of the Duke of Florence in Italy amongst the Apennine Mountains; betwixt the States of Luc∣ca, Regio, and Modena.

Cargapol, a City of Russia upon the River One∣ga, or Poroga, almost 200 Russian Miles from Ar∣changel to the South-West. This City gives name to a Province on the White Sea.

Caridia, a small Town and Gulph in the Pro∣vince of Romania in the Morea, about 10 Leagues from Gallipoli, upon the Archipelago. Heretofore a more considerable place, and known to the Anti∣ents under the Name Cardiopolis.

Caria. See Aidinelli. It may be remembred, that a Council of 34 Bishops assembled in this Pro∣vince in the year 366. rejected the Doctrine of the Consubstantiality of Christ with the Father, to approve of the Confessions of Faith made at the Coun∣cils of Antioch and Seleucia. § Also an antient City of the Morea, whose Inhabitants uniting with the Persians in a War once against Greece, rendred them∣selves so odious to their Country, that their City was rased, their Men put to the Sword and their Wo∣men treated with all manner of ignominy.

Cary, Incarus, a small Port in Provence in France, 3 Miles from Marseille to the West; famous for nothing but its Antiquity.

Cariati, Cariatum, a City of Calabria Citerior in the Kingdom of Naples, upon the Gulph of Ta∣rento, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Santa Sa••erina, from which it lies 20 Miles from the North, in Long. 41. 36. Lat. 39. 30. It is small, yet gives the Title of a Principality to the Family di Spinella.

Caribes, or the Cariby Islands, are a knot of small Islands, whose numbers are not certainly known: they lie extended like a Bow from the Coast of Paria in America, to the Isle of Rico Porto.

Carignan, a Principality and City in Piedmont, situated upon the Po, which is here covered with a good Bridge, betwixt Turin and Carmagnole: In a fruitful Soil, and defended with a Castle.

Carin, Cyrrhus, a City of Syria, which had its antient Name from Cyrus the Founder of it: first

a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Hierapolis; afterwards a Metropolis under the Patriarch of Anti∣och; seated upon the River Marsyas, now Quars, which falls into the Euphrates at Samosat; 45 Miles from Zeugma to the North-East, and as many from the Euphrates to the West, and 25 from Aleppo to the North. Long. 70. 10. Lat. 36. 00.

Carinola, Calenum, a small City in the Province di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capua but the City is almost de∣solate, by reason of the unhealthfulness of its situation. It stands at the foot of Mount Massico, 4 Miles from the Shoars of the Tyrrheman Sea, and 25 North of Naples; giving the Title of an Earldom.

Carinthia, called by the Germans Karnten, a Province of Germany, bounded on the East by Stiermark, and the River Lavand: on the West with Saltzburg and the Ri∣ver Saltzach; on the North with Austria; and on the South with Carniola, and the River Dravus. The antient Inhabitants of this Country were the first in Ger∣many that embraced the Christian Religion. It is subject to the Dukes of Austria, and being seated in the Alpes, is generally barren and mountainous: It lies along the Dravus an 100 english Miles, and is 47 in breadth. Advanced to the honour of a Dutchy. Its capital Town is Claghenfutt.

Carizath, a Province of Asia, called antiently Hyrcania.

Carlisse, Carleolum, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of York; seated upon the Rivers E∣den, Poteril, and Caud, in the County of Cumber∣land; besides which it is defended by a good strong Stone Wall, and on the West side by a large Castle, and on the East a Cittadel built by Henry VIII. A considerable place in the times of the Romans. William Rufus finding it ruined by the Danes, rebuilt the Castle and placed a Colony here, which in after times became one of the principal Bulwarks against the Scots. June 28. 1645, it was yieided to the in∣vading People, by Sir Thomas Glemham upon honor∣rable Terms. In 1648. retaken for the King by Sir Phi∣lip Musgrave, who kept it not long, the Rebels over∣powering all. Long. 21. 31. Lat. 54. 55. Henry I. made it an Episcopal See. In the year 1661. King Charles II. dignified this City with the Title of an Earl∣dom in the Person of Charles Howard, whose Son Edward enjoys the same at this day, It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Carlingford, a Sea-Port in the County of Louth, in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland; about 30 En∣glish Miles East of Armagh, and 5 North of Dun∣dalk.

Carlsbourg, Caroloburgum, a small Town in the lower Circle of Saxony upon the Weser in the Dutchy of Bremen: built by the Swedes, who at the same time gave it the Name of their King Charles X. The Danes took it in 1676. but they yielded it to the Swedes again in 1679. according to the Treaty of Fointainebleau.

Catmagnole, a strong Town in the Marquisate of Saluces in Piedmont, about 2 Miles from the Po, and 9 from Turin, in the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy ever since Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy during the Civil Wars of France, made himself Ma∣ster both of the Marquisate and it in 1588. and that the same were ceded to him by a Treaty of Peace in 1601. This Town has been taken by the French, and retaken by the Confederates in this present War.

Carmarthenshire. See Carmarthen.

Carmel, Carmelus, a Mountain in the Holy Land (or Palestine) upon the Mediterranean Sea, 50 Miles North of Jerusalem; betwixt Galilee and Sa∣maria, in the Tribe of Issachar; about 30 Miles in Circuit, deliciously covered and adorned with Trees, Plantations, Springs, Villages, Valleys, and Caverns, which have been the retreats of the solitary in all Ages. Now inhabited by the Dr••sians, a Warlike People, who are supposed to be the Relicks of the European Pilgrims, and accordingly pay as little deference to the Port as they can. There is a Monastery belong∣ing to the Carmelites here, whose whole Order de∣rives their Name from the place. These carmelites regard the Prophets Elias and Elisha as their Patri∣archs, whose 2 Grots, with the Fountain that sprung miraculously up at the Prayers of Elias, now under the keeping of a Mahometan Anchorite, are much honored as well by Turks, Moors, and Arabs, as the Jews and Christians. The Prophet Agabus, they say, built a Chappel upon this Mountain in the year 83. a small part thereof being yet extant. In the time of the Emperor Vespasian there was a Temple of an Oracle here, so famous, that Vespasian came in Per∣son to consult it. Possibly it was some remains of the Idol of Baal or Beelzebub, that they used here∣tofore to adore in Acre, a Town below at the foot of the Mountain. The Prince of it pays yearly to the Turks for Tribute 12 Horses.

Carnarvan. See Caernarvanshire.

Curnia, Acarnania, a Province in Epirus, over∣against the ••sle of Corfu or Cephalonia.

Carniola, called by the Dutch Krain, has Slavo∣nia on the East, Friuli on the West, Carinthia and part of S••eirmark North, and Istria South: fruitful in Corn and Wine; this and Carinthia both belong to the House of Austria by descent; to which they give the Title of a Duke. The Inhabitants are part Sclavonians and part Germans: its Capital City, Lau∣bach. This Country was a Branch of the antient Carnia.

Carolina, a Plantation of the English Quakers, upon the Continent of North America: which has its Name from Charles II. It lies between the Lat. of 29. and 36. deg. being the most Northern part of Florida. Tho the English began to plant it only since 1663. yet being extremely fruitful and tempe∣rate, the Inhabitants are already very numerous, and have built 2 considerable Town, Charles Town, and Albermarle. This Country is bounded to the South by Florida, to the North by Virginia, to the West by the Apulathean Hills, which are exceeding steep and high, and to the East by the Atlantick Ocean. The Colonies are endeavouring to improve it to Wine and Oil, which the English chiefly want.

Carolstadt, Carolostadium, a Town in Croatia, built by Charles▪ Archduke of Austria, and well forti∣fied against the Turks; seated at the confluence of the Kulp and the Mereswiz, 2 German Miles from Meteling to the North-East; the Governour of Cro∣atia always resides here▪ There is another of the same Name in the Bishoprick of Wurtzburg upon the Maine, 3 German Miles North of Wurtzburg. And a Third in Sweden, in the Province of Westrogrothia, built by Charles IX. upon the Lake Wever, which suf∣fered much by the Danes in 1644.

Carpathus. See Scarpanto. Hence the Carpa∣thian Sea, now called the Sea of Scarpanto, betwixt the Islands of Rhodes and Candia, derived its Name.

Carpenterland, a vast Country in the Terra Au∣stralis of America, lately discovered by one Carpen∣ter, a Dutchman, who has left it his Name.

Carpentras, Carpentoracte, a City in Provence in France, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Avignon; and the Capital of the County of Vena∣cin, under the Dominion of the Pope: 4 Leagues from Avignon to the North-East. It stands upon a very well watered Soil. Caesarius Bishop of Arles presided at a Council here in 527. in the Papacy of Foelix IV. Long▪ 25. 49. Lat. 43. 18.

Carpi, Carpum, a small City in Lombardy in Italy, with a Castle and Principality, belonging to the Duke of Modena. It has a large Territory to it, and a Col∣legiate Church, built first by Aistulphus, one of the Kings of the Lombards, who died about 750. Re∣built by Albertus Pius, who was then Prince of Car∣pi, with greater magnificence; and is exempted from the Jurisdiction of all the Neighbour Bishops, who have any Pretensions to it, by the Decrees of Juli∣us II. and Leo X. This City lies 4 Leagues from Modena to the North.

Carrara, a small Town in the Province of Tusca∣ny in Italy between Massa and Sarsina, belonging to the Prince of Massa, with the Title of a Principality.

Carrhae, an antient City of Mesopotamia upon the River Charra, remarkable in History for the Defeat of Crassus by the Parthians in the year of Rome 701. It has had the honor to be a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Edessa. This is the Charan mentioned in the Story of the Patriarch Abraham.

Carriek-Fergus, See Knock-Fergus.

Carrict, Carricta, a small Bailywick or Earldom in the West of Scotland, which has Dumbritain-Fryth to the West and North, Nithisdale to the East, and Galloway to the South. It is fruitful, and supplyed both by Sea and Land with all the necessaries of Life. The Earldom belongs now to the Prince of Scot∣land.

Cars. See Chars.

Carthago, Carthage, call'd by the Grecians 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, was once the most famous and potent City in Africa, and the Rival of Rome; generally suppo∣sed to be built by Queen Dido, a Tyrian Princess, An. Mundi, 3725. 72 years after Rome, 874 years before the Birth of our Saviour. But then Justin makes it to be built before Rome, and Appian before the Ru∣in of Troy, and this is now thought the more pro∣bable Opinion. The Learned Vossius in his Book de Magnitudine Ʋrbium, is confident that it was not only built before the Trojan War, but in its greatest Dignity, Extent and Power before that time; and that Dido was only the Repairer of it, and that it was much older than Tyre itself. But however certain it is, that it was a Phaenician Colony. It subjected by degrees, not only all Lybia, but a great part of the adjacent Islands, and the greatest part of Spain and Sicily. It sustained 3 sharp Wars with Rome, the first lasted 24 years, the second 18, and had ended in the Ruin of Rome, if the Carihaginians had but sup∣plied their General effectually, and in time. The third lasted 3 years, and ended in the total subversion of this City, An. Mundi 3803. Yet it was made a Roman Colony, and rebuilt under the Gracchi, 25 years after the Ruin of it; and was, as Vell. Pater∣culus affirms, the first Colony the Romans sent out of Italy. After this it flourished greatly, and the Primate of it had 125 Suffragan Bishops under him. A Council held here in the year 348. condemned the Rebaptization of such as were baptized by Hereticks. And divers others were here assembled in the Primi∣tive Ages, sometimes by the Catholick▪ Prelates, some∣times by the Schismaticks and Hereticks, as they are called in the Languages of their respective Commu∣nities. An. Christi 432, it was taken by Gensericus King of the Vandals. In the year 533, under the Reign of Justinian, it was recovered back to the Ro∣man Empire. About the year 632, it fell into the hands of the Saracens, who made it Tributary only; before the year 684, they took it again, and treated the Inhabitants with great cruelty. About 690, Ju∣stinian II. recovered it again from them. About the year 703, the Saracens returned the third time, and made a third Conquest of it, ever since which time they have enjoyed it to the total ruin of Christianity, and when in 1269. it was again retaken by Lewis IX. the Saracens soon recovered it, and totally ruined it▪ This City lies 15 Miles West from Tunis; Long. 34. 50. Lat. 32. 20. § The Spaniards have given the Name of Carthage to a Town also of New-Spain in America in the Province of Costa ricca: which stands in the middle of the Country betwixt the 2 Seas.

Carthagnea, Carthago Nova, a City of Murcia in Spain, built by Asdrubal one of the Carthaginian Generals in that Kingdom. It was afterwards brought under the Dominion of the Romans by Scipio. Poly∣bius gives an accurate Description of this City in his X Book: and Livy in his XXIV. The Moors be∣coming Masters of it, totally ruined that antient Pile; and it lay buried almost 600 years in Rubbish, when in 1570. Philip II. King of Spain rebuilt it. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo: three Leagues from Murcia to the South, and about 84. from Gibraltar to the North-East. Long. 20. 35▪ Lat. 38. 02.

Carthagenia Nueva, Carthago Nova, a City of New Granata in South America, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Santa Fe de Bogota. Also a safe and very large Port, defended by 2 Forts, and washed by the River of S. Magdalen, where the Spanish Fleet ordinarily rendezvous. Yet was this important place taken by our famous Drake, in 1585. This was also the first place the Spaniards Walled in the West-Indies. It lies in Long. 299. 30. Lat. 3. 10. 22 Leagues from S. Jago de Arma, in the Pro∣vince of Quimbaia, otherwise now called the Pro∣vince of Carthagena from hence, which has the Go∣vernment of S. Martha to the East, Popayon to the South, and the Ocean to the North.

Carththuel, Carduelia, a Province of Georgia in Asia, in which is Teflis, the greatest City in that King∣dom.

Cartmell, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Loynsdale.

Casale, Bodincomagus, a strong City, the Capital of the Dukedom of Montferat in Italy. It was rai∣sed to the honor of a Bishoprick under the Archbi∣shop of Milan, by Pope Sixtus IV. in 1474. seated on the South side of the Po, with a very strong Ca∣stle built of late years; and was made famous by a Defeat of the Spaniards in 1640. when the French took this City; but in 1652. lost it again. It stands 4 Miles from Trino to the East: now under the Do∣minion of the Duke of Mantua▪ who is himself un∣der the protection of the French. But the ill Air it stands in, and the Contests of Princes, has made it very thinly inhabited. § Casal or Casal Maggiore, a small Town in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy, and in the Territory of Lodi near the Po. § Casal Pu∣strulengo, a small Town betwixt Lodi and Piacenza in the same Country.

Casalmach, Iris, a vast River in Cappadocia, in the lesser Asia; which riseth out of Mount Argius, in the Borders of Armenia Minor, above Sebastia, now Savastia; and having increased its Streams by the addition of several Rivers, it passeth on the East of Tochat and Amasia, to the Euxine Sea; between Limania to the East, and Simisio to the West.

Casan, Casana, a very considerable City in Mus∣covy, upon the River Casanka; in a pleasant Plain, about 10▪ German Miles from the Northern Shoar of the Wolga in Long. 99. 00. Lat. 55. 38. Of a con∣siderable bigness, but the Houses are all of Wood, as also the Towers and Ramparts; only the Castle and its Fortifications are all of Stone, which are well furnished with Cannon, and a good Garrison. The River Casanka serves it instead of a Ditch, by all which it is made a very considerable Fortress▪ The Town is inhabited by Muscovites and Tartars, but

the latter are forbidden entring the Castle upon pain of Death. This City, as Olearius acquaints us, was taken by John Basilovits, Duke of Muscovy, from Sapgery a Tartarian Prince, July 9. 1552. There is a Province belonging to it of the same Name, which of itself is very fertile and good, but in a manner de∣solate, by reason of the Incursions of the Cossacks. This was the State of things here in 1636.

Casbin, or Caswin, Casbinum, Arsacia, one of the greatest Cities of the Kingdom of Persia, in the Province of Ayrach, or Parthia, towards the Caspi∣an Sea. Long. 85. 00. Lat. 36. 15. Heretofore called Arsacia, and is seated in a great Sandy Plain, which is half a days Journey off Mount Elwend, which runs to the South-West as far as Bagdat. The City is a German Mile in compass, having neither Walls nor Garrison, but is inhabited by 100000 People. Heretofore the usual Residence of the Kings of Per∣sia. It stands 65 German Miles North of Hispahan and the same distance from Tauirs to the South-East.

Caschaw, Cassovia, a City of the Upper Hungary, and Capital of the Province Abanvivar, seated upon the rapid River of Hewath, or Kunnert, which soon after falls into that of Tarcza, which enters the Ti∣biscus by Dob. This City is under the Emperor as King of Hungary; but was lately in a manner free, till setting up Count Teckely as their King, it was re∣taken by the Imperialists in 1685. who have since bridled them with a very strong Garrison. It is very well fortified, and has▪ the best Arsenal in all Hun∣gary▪ about 4 German Miles from Esperies to the South, and 11 from Agria to the North-East, Long. 43 32. Lat. 48. 32.

Cascar, or Kasghar, by others called Chazalg, a City and Kingdom in Turquestan, in Tartary. The Kingdom of Thibet stands South of it.

Caserta, [Caserta] a small City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples, near the River Volturno; which is a Principality, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capoua: from whence it stands 4 Miles to the East: Not much inhabited:

Casilimar, Halys, a River of Paphlagonia in Asia the Less, This falls into the Euxine Sea, 20 Miles West of Amisum, now Simiso.

Cashel, Cassilia, Cassellia, a City of the Province of Munster, and County of Tipperary, not far from the River Sewer; built upon a Hill, and made an Archbishops See by Pope Eugenius III. but now meanly Peopled, having suffered much from the En∣glish. It stands 23 Miles North of Waterford. In 1650. it was almost wholly burnt down. There was a Council held in this City in the year 1171.

Casimambous, a People of the Isle of Madagascar of the race of those Arabians which the Calif of Mecca dispatched thither about 200 years ago to in∣struct the Natives in the Arabick Language.

Casius, see Lison, a Mountain of Egypt; at the foot whereof stood heretofore a Town called Casium, famous for the Sepulchre of Pompey and a Temple of Jupiter.

Castona, Castulo, a City in the Kingdom of An∣daluzia in Spain, upon the River Guadalimar, which has sometime been a Bishops See under the Archbi∣shop of Toledo. Famous for the Defeat of the Moors in the year 1202. in the Reign of Alphonsus King of Castile; the Christians killing 200000 of them upon the spot near this place.

The Caspian Sea, was named at first the Sea of Chosar, from a great Granchild of Noah: Nubius in his Geography stiles it the Sea of Thavisthan. The Moors call it and the Gulph of Arabia, Bohar Cor∣suin; the Persians call both Kulsum; the Greek and Latin Writers, the Caspian and Hyrcanian Sea; the Muscovites, Gualenskoy-more. The Antients general∣ly thought it a Bay of the Great Indian Ocean, or that it had some Communication with the Eux∣ine Sea. Though a vast number of Rivers fall into this Sea, yet it is not perceived any way to increase. It is in length from North to South 120 Miles, in breadth 90. Some represent it 800 Miles long and 650 broad. In the Winter for the most part frozen. It is in effect no other than a great Lake. The Wa∣ters of it are as salt as any other; yet it neither Ebs nor flows, nor has any Islands. This Sea has the Kingdom of Astracan on the North, Persia on the South, Circassia on the West, and Caratansca on the East.

Casriae Portae, are certain difficult Passes through the Rocks and Mountains near the Caspian Sea, in the Province of Schirvan in Persia; only large e∣nough for a single Chariot 8000 paces together, leading to the Cities of Teflis and Derbent; whence they are sometimes called the Gates of Teflis; and Derbent amongst the Turks Temir Capi, that is, the Iron Gate: see Derbent. § The Caspian Mountains are a Chain of Mountains extended from North to South in Asia, betwixt Arme∣nia and the Caspian Sea. § The Caspii were an an∣tient People amongst the Scythians upon the Borders of the same Sea.

Cassandt, a small Island upon the Coast of Flan∣ders over against l' Ecluse, with a Village in it and a Fortress under the Hollanders.

Cassano, a City in the Hither Calabria in the King∣dom of Naples, and a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop of Cosenza, with the Title of a Principality: situate near a small River called Lione. § Also a great Town in the Milanese upon the River Adda, between Crema and Bergamo.

Cassel, a City in the Marquisate of Hessen, upon the River Fuld, which is well fortified. It stands 13 German Miles from Marpurg, in the Confines of the Dukedom of Brunswick; the usual Residence of the Landgraves of Hessen: antiently called Castellum Cattorum. It is a large City, well built and fortified and the Capital of the said Landgravate. § Cassel or Mont-Cassel, Castellum Morinorum, a small Town in Flanders, 4 Leagues from Bergue S. Vinoch, and at an equal distance from Aire; in a good Soil, and well fortified, with a considerable Jurisdiction belong∣ing to it. It has been taken and retaken upon divers Occasions; but most memorable for the Battle here fought Apr. 11. 1677. betwixt the French com∣manded by the Duke of Orleans, and the Dutch and Spanish Armies commanded by the Prince of Orange, who proposing to relieve S. Omers (then besieged by the Duke) was repulsed in this Battel: so that the Town yielded to the French within a few days after.

Cassemir, or Chismeer, a Province of the Em∣pire of the Great Mogul, in the hither East-Indies towards Tartary.

Casseneuil, a small Town in the County of Agenois in Guyenne in France, upon the River Lot, 5 Leagues from Agen. Formerly adorn'd with a Palace Royal, in which the Emperor Charles the Great took particu∣lar Delight, and Lewis the Debonnaire his Son was bornin 778.

Casseuil, a Town upon the Garonne in the Diocese of Bazas, in Guyenne in France. Heretofore adorn'd with a Palace-Royal, which disputes the Honor of being the Birth-Place of Lewis the Debonnaire with the precedent Casseneuil.

Cassian, or Caschan, a large, handsome, populous and trading City in the Province of Hyerach in Persia, in a Plain; 3 Days journey from Hispahan in the Way to the Caspian Sea; only it wants good Water, and the people are infested with Scorpions.

Cassin, or Mont-Cassin, a celebrated Abbey in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples; built by S. Benedict the Patriarch of the Occidental Monks, and inhabited by him. There was heretofore a City of the same Name at the Foot of the Hill upon which this Abbey stands. It was an Episcopal See under the Pope; but falling into Ruines, the See became united with that of S. Germain, a City that has sprung out of those Ruines of Cassin.

Cassiopeia, an antient City and Territory in the Kingdom of Epirus in Greece, upon the Frontiers of Macedonia. It has had the Honor of an Episcopal See, and is a different Place from the Cassiope of Pliny and Ptolemy, which stands to the Sea in the same King∣dom, and is now called Joannina.

Cassiterides, the antient Name of two Islands upon the Northern Coast of Galaecia in Spain, given them by the Greeks from the White Lead they found in them. Now call'd Zigarga, and S. Cyprian. They lie opposite to the Cap d'Orteguere.

Cassopo, a Town in the North of the Island of Cor∣fou, heretofore called Cassiopeia, and famous for a Temple dedicated to Jupiter. It is now nothing more than a ruin'd Fortress, besides a Church under the Care of some religious Greeks; where they have a Figure of the B. Virgin that is famed for do∣ing of Miracles.

Cassovia. Vide supra Caschaw. This City was granted to Bethlehem Gabor, by Ferdinand II. in 1620.

Cassubia, or Cassuben, a Dutchy in the Province of Pomerania in Germany, under the Elector of Brandenburg, between the Baltick Sea, Prussia, and Stetin. Colberg is one of its Principal Towns.

Castabala, Perasia, an antient City of Cilicia in Asia Minor, upon the Confines of Syria and the Gulph of Lajazzo, between Anazarbe and Adana. Diana had formerly a famous Temple in her Honor here.

Castalius, a Fountain of Phocis in Greece, dedi∣cated by the antient Poets to Apollo and the Muses.

Castanovitza, a Castle on the River Ʋnna, which divides Croatia from Bosnia; surrendred to Prince Louis of Baden, Aug. 14. 1688.

Castel-Aragonese, a strong Town in the Isle of Sardignia.

Castel-Bolognese, a Town in the Province of Romagna in Italy under the Pope, betwixt Imola and Faiensa.

Castel-Durante, a Town in the Dutchy of Ʋr∣bino in the States of the Church, in Italy: famous for curious Earthen-ware.

Castel-Gandolphe, a Town in the Campagna di Roma in Italy, 12 Miles from Rome, where the Pope has a Mansion of pleasure. A Lake of the same Name, formerly call'd Albano, stands on one side of it.

Castel-Geloux, a Town and Bailywick in the Pro∣vince of Guienne in France upon the River Avance: Honoured with a Collegiate Church, in which the Dukes of Albret lie interred.

Castel A Mare, or Casell a Mere di stabia, Sta∣biae, a City in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, with an Episcopal See under the Archbi∣shop of Sorrento. It has a commodious Port upon the Gulph of Naples. The French took it in 1654.

Castel A Mare della Brucca, an antient City in the Hither Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, betwixt St. Severino and the Gulph of Salerno. It has been an Episcopal See, but not now so conside∣rable as formerly. The Antients call it Helia, Elea, and Hielea.

Castel-Tornese, a small Town built upon a high Ground in the Province of Belvedore in the Morea, about 3 Miles from the Sea, and not far from Cap Tornese. After the taking of Patras, and Lepanto, this Town surrendred upon the first Summons to the Venetians in 1687. It had 29 Peices of Cannon in it, and commands 200 Villages or Forts in the Country thereabouts.

Castel dell Volturno, a City in the Terra di La∣voro in the Kingdom of Naples, lately made a Bi∣shops See under the Archbishop of Capoua. It stands to the Ocean, and is believed to be the Relicks of the antient Volturnum.

Castellana, or Civita Castellana, a City of St. Peters Patrimony in Italy, with a Bishops See conso∣lidated to that of Otri, immediately dependent of the Pope.

Castellane, a Town and Barony in Provence upon the River Verdon amongst the Mountains. Since the year 1260. the Inhabitants have rebuilt it nearer to the River, because before it stood upon a Rock.

Castellanetta, a City in the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples: advanced to the Dignity of a Principality, besides an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Taranto. Situate upon the little Ri∣ver Talvo about 7 Miles from the Gulph of Taranto, between the Cities Matera and Motula.

Castelnau, a small Town in the Tract of Medoc in the Province of Guyenne in France, upon a little River which falls into the Garonne, over against Blaye. § Castelnau de Bretenous, a Town and Barony in the County of Quercy in France, near the Dordogne. § Castelnau de Cernes, a Town near Podensac in Guy∣enne. § Castelnau de Manes, a Town near Bazas in the same. § Castelnau de Montratier, a Town in Quercy near Cahors upon a little River falling into the Tarn.

Castelnau-Darry, a Town in Languedoc, near to which was deseated and taken, the Duke of Montmo∣rency, in 1632. not long after beheaded at Tholouse. It is the Capital of the County of Lauragais, betwixt Tholouse and Carcassone. In Latin Castellum Ariano∣rum, or Castellavium Auracium.

Castel-Sarazin, a low but strong Town upon the Frontiers of Languedoc and Quercy in France, a little below the Confluence of the Tarn and the Garonne. Of great Fame in the Wars of Charles Martell with the Sarazens, and thence comes its adjunct Name of Sarazin.

Castiglione, a Town in the the Province of Car∣fagnana in Italy, in the States of the Republick of Lucca. § A second in the Hither Calabria, digni∣fied with a Principality. § Castiglione Mantuano, a Town in the Mantuan towards Verona. § Castig∣lione delle Stivere, the Principal Town of a little Ter∣ritory, upon the Frontiers of the Mantuan, advanced to the Dignity of a Principality. It is a strong place, betwixt Mantoua and Brescia, belonging to the Duke of Mantoua.

Castile, Castella, a Kingdom in Spain, which when largely taken is the greatest of all the Kingdoms in that Country; as containing under it the Kingdoms of Leon, Gallicia, Andalusia, Navarre, Murcia, Biscay, Granada, and Extremadura: It being the most pre∣vailing Kingdom in that Continent; to which the rest are united by Marriages, or Conquests: Yet was it at first but an Earldom belonging to the Kingdom of Leon, and was made a Kingdom in 1016, under Fer∣dinando. Bounded on the East with Navarre; on the West with Portugal; on the North with Biscay, Guipiscoa, and the Asturias; and on the South with Andalusia, Extremadura, and Granada. It is divided into the Old and the New Castile; whereof the Old Castile lies more North, the New more South, arising out of the New Conquest of the Kingdom of Toledo, and other Accessions gain'd from the Moors; which

is also more fruitful than the Old Castile. Burgos is the Capital of the Old; Madrid and Toledo the chief of the New. Long. 12. Lat. 39.

Castile D'Or, or New Castile, a large and fruitful Country in the Southern America, containing the No∣ble Provinces of Panama, Carthagena, Ʋraba, Ve∣nezuela, Comana, New Andaluzia, and New Grana∣da. Bounded on the East with Guyana and the Cari∣bes Country, on the West with the Pacifick Ocean, on the South Peru and the Kingdom of the Amazons, and on the North with the Northern Ocean. It was first discovered in Columbus's third Voyage to Ameri∣ca by some of Castile, who therefore call'd it Castile Nuevo; and finding Mines of Gold in it, particularly in the Province of Ʋraba, they added the Name of Castile d'Or. The great Rivers Orenoque and Darien water it, besides others. The Spaniards have not been able to reduce the Natives entirely to this Day. Pearl also is found upon the Coasts.

Castillon, a Town in Perigord in the South of France near the Dordogne, where the English were defeated and their General slain, in 1451. by which Victory Charles VII. recovered the County of Gui∣enne.

Castle-Carey, a Market-Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Cattesash.

Castlenovo, or Castel-Novo, a Maritime Town in Albania, upon the Gulph of Cattaro, surrendred to the Venetians after a Months Siege, October 1. 1687. in whose possession it had been reposed in antient times. The Spaniards enjoy'd it in the Reign of Charles V. till it was taken from a Garrison of 4000 of them Anno 1539, by Barberoasse, that great Ad∣miral, who from being a Pirate, and the Son of a poor Renegade Greek of Lesbos, became the most esteem'd Sea Commander that the Ottoman Empire ever em∣ployed. The Turks having been Masters of this Place for 148 Years last past, had long infested the Adria∣tick Sea with Piracies from it. § There are divers Towns of small Note in Italy that carry this Name. As Castelnovo Tortonese in the Milanese. Castelnovo di Carfagnana, under the Duke of Mantua &c.

Castle Rising, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk in the Hundred of Frebridge, which Elects two Burgesses for the Parliament. The Haven here being many years since choak'd up with Sands, has brought this Town into decay.

Caston, a Market-Town in Norfolk, in the Hun∣dred of S. Erpingham.

Castor, a Market-Town in the Division of Lindsey in Lincolnshire, and in the Hundred of Bradley.

Castres, or Chartreux, Castrum Albiensium, a City and a Bishop's See upon the North side of the River Gout, in the County of Albigeois in Languedoc in France. This Bishoprick was first instituted by P. John XXII. in 1317. under the Archbishop of Berry; but in 1678. it was put under the Archbishop of Alby, from which place itstands 7 Leagues to the South, and 10 from Tholouse to the East. The Huguenots took and Pillaged it in 1567. It also honoured with the Title of an Earldom.

Castro, a Dutchy and Town belonging to the House of Farneze, the Dukes of Parma; but like∣wise challenged by the Ecclesiastical State: For in the Wars betwixt Edward Duke of Parma and Pope Ʋr∣ban VIII. this Town, amongst others, was seised for the Pope in consideration of the Arrears of a certain Rent reserved to the Apostolick Chamber from the Dutchy, as held to be a Fief of the Church. Innocent X. razed it entirely to the ground; and in the place thereof erected a Pillar with this Inscription, [Here was Castro;] and annexed the Dutchy to his See. But the said Annexation was conditionally revoked by the Treaty of Pisa, in 1664. The admirable Palace of Ca∣prarola stands in this Dutchy. The Dutchy is bound∣ed on the East by S. Peter's Patrimony, the Siennese to the West, the Mediterranean to the South, and the Territory of Orvieto to the North. The City had the Honor to be a Bishop's See immediately under the Pope, till the Year 1646, that Innocent X. transferr'd the See to Acqua pendente, and quite de∣stroy'd Castro (as we said), in revenge because the in∣habitants happened to kill the Bishop that he sent thither to reside and govern. It stood about 11 Miles from the Sea near Toscanella and Corneto; environ∣ed with such Precipices as rendred the access to it very Difficult. § A City in the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples, being a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Otranto, upon the Shoars of the Io∣nian Sea. Ravaged by the Turks in 1537. who car∣ried away a great Number of the Inhabitants into Slavery. Some suppose it to be the Castrum Miner∣vae of the Antients. § There are others of inferiour Note. One in the Hither Calabria near Cassano. A second in the Province of Abruzzo, call'd Castro Novo. A third in the Campagnia di Roma. A fourth in the Basilicate. Another in the Island of Meleos, &c.

Catadupi, a People of Aethiopia about the Cata∣racts of the Nile, deafned (says Tully, in Somnio Scip.) by the Noise of them.

Catalognia, a Province and Principality in Spain; bounded on the West by the Kingdoms of Ar∣ragon and Valentia, on the East and South by the Me∣diterranean Sea, and on the North it has the Pyre∣nean Hills, which separate it from France. Hereto∣fore it had Earls of its own, who were under the Pro∣tection of the Crown of France; but in 1137. it was annexed to the Kingdom of Arragon; a mountainous but fertile Country, and well watered with Rivers. The Inhabitants are great Lovers of their Civil Liber∣ties; and being ill us'd by some Irish Soldiers which were quartered upon them in 1640. they revolted from Spain, and call'd in the French; but during the Civil Wars of France, about 1652. they returned to their old Master the King of Spain again. By the Trea∣ty of Peace in 1659, the Pyrenees are made to di∣vide the two Kingdoms of France and Spain. Bar∣celona is the Capital City of this Country.

Catania, one of the principal Cities of Sicily, on the Eastern shoar of that Island, about forty Miles North of Syracuse. It has a Port made of late Years and is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Mont∣reale. On the South of it runs a small River called Judicello. This City was built by the Chalcidian Greeks, as Eusebius saith. Charles V. wall'd and for∣tified it against the Turks and Moors, by which Securi∣ties it grew Great and Rich; but in 1669. it suffered very much by a dreadful Irruption of Mount Aetna, which stands about 20 Miles North from it: four Ri∣vers with Fire, or melted Rocks and Earth making their Way through the Territories of this City, and bearing down all before them, passed a Mile into the Sea before those Waters were able to conquer this out∣rageous Fire; so that it was then thought the whole Island of Sicily would have perish'd. Aetna is observ'd to overflow with Torrents of Fire every 15 Years. K. Hie∣ro died in this City. The Remains of an Amphitheatre with divers Inscriptions and Marks of its Antiquity are yet to be seen. Long. 39. 40. Lat. 37. 00. Our English Sandys saith, That the Bay upon which it stands is but shallow, and not capable of Ships. The Country fruitful; and the City being an Ʋniversity and not having much Trade, is the more inhabited by Gentlemen.

Catanzaro, Catacium, a City in the further Cala∣bria in the Kingdom of Naples, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Regio; 2 or 3 Miles from the Ocean, between Squillaci and Nicastro.

Cataonia, an antient City and Country in Asia Mi∣nor between Cilicia and Cappadocia, in Strabo's time subject to the King of Cappadocia. Bellona had a sumptuous Temple in her honour in this City, to whose service above 6000 Men and Women were Consecrated under the direction of a Soveraign Priest who here resided.

Cateau, or Catteau-Cambresis, Castrum Camera∣cense, a small Town in the district of Cambre∣sis, 5 Leagues from Cambray, and 2 from Landreci. The Treaty of Peace in 1559. by the French, said to be so disadvantageous to them, was celebrated here.

Ce Catelet, a Town in Picardy upon the River Escaut, and the Frontiers of Hainault and Cambre∣sis. Taken by the Spaniards in 1557. and once again in this Age, but restored to the French by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. A considerably strong place.

Caterlagh, Catherlogh, Carlough, Caterlogum; a City in the Province of Leinster in Ireland on the West side of the River Barrow, 30 Miles South-West of Dublin; which Lionel Duke of Clarence began to Wall; and Bellingham, Lord Lieutenant of Ire∣land, fortified with a Castle. This is also the head of a County of the same Name.

Cathness, Catnesia, Cathanesia, is the most Nor∣thern County in the Kingdom of Scotland: on the North and East, washed by the Caledonian Ocean; on the West it hath the same Ocean, and the County of Strathnavern in part; and on the South it hath Sutherland: Generally barren, little inhabited, yet it is a Bishoprick, and an Earldom.

Catolica, a Town in the Province of Romagna in Italy, between Pesaro and Rimini; so call'd in the third Century from the Catholicks of the Coun∣cil of Rimini, who separating themselves from the Arians (who in the number of 400 Bishops convo∣cated by Pope Liberius to this Council carried the Majority by a great many) came hither to say their Masses.

Cattay, or Catio, a Region of Asia, supposed by learned Men to be China, or some part of it towards the North, comprehending the Provinces of Peking, Xantung, Honan, Suchuen, Xensi, and Xansi; where∣of Peking is the Capital City. Being under the K. of Tartary, it is likewise called Tartary de Kan.

Cattaro, Cattara, a City in Dalmatia, which has been under the Venetians ever since 1420. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Bari; and is a strong Place, well seated on a Hill, having a Castle belonging to it, and 17 Villages. It lies 40 Miles South of Ragusa, and 35 North-West of Scutari, up∣on a Bay of the Adriatick Sea, call'd Cattaro, which takes its name from this Place. The Turks have of∣ten attempted to take it in Vain.

Catti, an antient People of Hassia and Thuringia, in Germany, who sometime passing into Holland, have left the Names of Catwick Opzee to a Town up∣on the Sea Coast, and Catwick op den Rhein to ano∣ther upon the Rhine. In the Reign of Tiberius, the Hermanduri gave them a terrible Defeat, wherein they destroy'd both Man and Beast, upon a pretence of ha∣ving Consecrated the Spoils to Mars and Mercury.

Catzenelbogen, Catti Meliboci, a Country in the Province of Weteraw in Germany under the Land∣grave of Hesse Cassel. The antient Catti its Inhabi∣tants have left it this Name. In the Year 1548. the Emperor Charles V. adjudged this Country to Willi∣am Earl of Nassau who made pretensions to it: But the Arrest was afterwards cassated by the Treaty of Paslaw.

Cava, a great and populous City and a Bishop's See in the hither Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples; seated partly upon a Hill, and partly in a Valley, within four Miles of Salerno, and about 20 from Naples to the South. This Bishop was heretofore a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Salerno; but now exempted; and is immediately under the Pope; which Honor was obtained from Boniface IX, in 1394. yet is the Bishop's Jurisdiction limited with the Walls of the City. There is also a Abbey in it.

Cavado, Cavadus, a River of Portugal, which a∣riseth in Gallicia, and watering the City of Braga, falls into the Ocean.

Cavaillon, Cabellio, Ʋrbs Cavallicorum, a small and ill built City in the County of Venaissin in Pro∣vence in France, in an Isle made by the River Durance, within 4 Leagues of Avignon to the South-East. This is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Avignon; and under the Dominion of the Pope.

Cavan, a Town and County in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland. The Duke of Berwick in an A∣ction before this Town, against K. William's Forces, Feb. 11. 1689. had his Horse shot under him. It is not without a strong Fort.

Caucasus, a Part of the great Mountain of Taurus in Asia, towards Georgia, beginning about the Mouth of the River Phasis: It is very fruitful, and well inhabi∣ted by Christians, for the most part, of the Georgian Church. Full of Rocks and Precipices, and shewing the Ruins of several Castles and Churches: Yet cove∣red at the Top with Snow perpetually.

Cauda, a River of Cumberland, which running through West-Ward Forrest, by Dauston, on the West of Carlisle, falls into the River Eden.

Caudebec, Calidobeccum, a considerable Town in Normandy, upon the Northern shoar of the River Seine, in the Pais de Caux; about 5 Miles West of Rou∣en, 7 from le Haure East; much Celebrated for Weaving. This is one of the Principal Towns of the Pais de Caux, which is bounded by the British Sea to the North and West; by Picardy to the East, and by the Seine to the South; and lies from East to West 25 Leagues. The Caudebec Hats come from hence.

The Caves in Wiltshire between Luckington and great Badminton upon the Edge of the County, nine in Number, of a Row, of several Dimensions; the least 4 Foot broad, and 9 or 10 Foot long, are credi∣bly supposed to be the Tombs of some Heroick Men among the antient Romans, Saxons, or Danes; be∣cause Spurs and Pieces of Armour have been digged out of them.

Cavita de Manilha, Manilhanus Sinus, a Gulph of the Philippine Islands.

Cavours, a Town 5 Leagues from Pignerol in Piedmont under the French, near the River Peles, fortified with two Castles. It was taken by Lesdiguie∣res in 1594. and retaken by the Duke of Savoy the Year after. Now made a Dependant of Pignerol.

Caurestan, a great Village in the Province of Far∣sistan in Persia, betwixt Lar and the Isle of Ormus.

Caux, or Pais de Caux, a District contain'd with∣in the Province of Normandy in France betwixt the Seine and the Sea; in which Diepe▪ Haure de Grace, Caudebec, Aumale, S. Vallery, &c. are comprehend∣ed. There is also of the same Name with it a Town and a Promontory.

Cawood, a Market-Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire, and the Hundred of Barkston.

Caxamalca, a Country within the Province of Li∣ma in Peru; adorn'd heretofore with Divers Royal Pa∣laces of the Inca's of that Kingdom. Thirty Leagues from the Pacifick Sea, but near the River Vagna. It was here that the Noble Atabalipa King of Peru was defeated and taken Prisoner by Francis Pizarro, who basely and barbarously afterwards murthered him in 1533.

Caxton, a Market-Town in Cambridgeshire in the Hundred of Stow.

Caxume, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Ti∣gremahon in Abyssinia, thought to be the same with the Tenesis of Strabo, where the Queen of Sheba dwelt that visited Solomon.

Cayenne, an Island under the French in the North Sea, upon the Coast of Guyana; about 20 Leagues in Circuit; 4 Degrees from the Equinoctial Northward, and South of the Disembogure of the River Cayenne which glides betwixt the Countries of the Caribes and the Galibes. Its principal Commodity is Tobacco. The French have built themselves a Fort at Bourg, (their cheifest Settlement of about 200 Houses) and besides they guard the Harbor with Canon.

Cayernittes, some small Islands frequented by the Fishers for Tortoises, which here are to be found of the largest Size, near the Western shoar of Hispaniola in America.

Cayphas, an antient Town, so call'd from Caiphas High Priest of the Jews, who formerly re edified it, at the Foot of Mount Carmel in the Holy Land upon the shoars of the Mediterranean; 2 Leagues by Water from S. Jean d' Acre. Since Saladine demolish'd it in 1191. it has never been fortified again; and there∣fore now become a Village inhabited by some Moors, Jews, and Greeks.

Cazan. See Casan.

Cazares, an antient People who took part with the Hunns and the Avares in their Incursions to ravage the Empire.

Cea, Ceos, or Zee, Zie, and antiently among the Greeks call'd Hydrusca, is one of the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea; whereof Julide (Julis) is the Ca∣pital City, in which Simonides and Bacchylides, the two famous Lyrique Poets, with the Philosopher Ari∣ston, are said to be born.

Cebarsussi, a Town near Carthage in Africa, where the Donatist Bishops in 394. held a Council, and deposed Primianus Bishop of Carthage.

Cedar, or Kedar, the Hebrew name of Arabia Deserta, taken from Kedar the Son of Ismael, Gen. 25. 13.

Cedes, a great and strong Town heretofore of Judea in the Tribe of Napthali in Galilee, 4 Miles from Cephet and Capernaum: given by Joshua, af∣ter he had killed the King thereof, to the Priests and Levites. It had an Asylum in it for such as com∣mitted accidental Murder, (that is, in the Phrase of the English Law, chance Medley) pursuant to the Laws of Moses provided in that behalf.

Cedogna, Laquedoniae, an Episcopal City of the Further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, suf∣fragan to the Archbishop of Conza: believed by some to be the Aquilenia of Livy.

Cedron, or Kedron, a small Brook in the midst of the Valley of Jehosaphat in the Holy land near Jerusalem, passed by our Saviour a little before his Death, John. 18. 1. and frequently in Scripture men∣tioned upon other Occasions.

Cefalu, or Cifalu, Cephalaedis, a fair City with a good Port and a Castle in the Island of Sicily, be∣ing a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Messina, upon a Cape; whence some conjecture that its name is derived from the Greek Word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. It stands near Termini.

Celena, the Capital City formerly of all Phrygia, which being once repeopled by Antiochus Soter, he caused it to be called Apamea. See Haman.

Celtae, the antient Greek Authors give this name indifferently to the Gauls and the Germans, as some do to the Spaniards, upon the account of the Alli∣ances of the Celtae with the Iberi. See Celtiberi. But it more particularly understands the Original Gauls, whose Empire in a part of Gallia, (from them called Celtica, the Boundaries whereof you see described under the Word Gallia) flourished in the time of Tarquinius Priscus, when Segovesus and Bel∣lovesus Sons or Nephews to Ambigatus King of the Celtae, conducted those 2 Colonies into Italy and Ger∣many, we mentioned speaking of the Province of Ber∣ry, whereof these People were the antient Inhabitants.

Celtiberi, a mixt People, as the name itself im∣ports, of the Celtae aforesaid and the Iberi, or the an∣tient Spaniards of Arragon and Castile: Recorded in History with great Honor, for their Courage and Fidelity. Florus calls them the Force of Spain. The Celtae passing out of Gallia into Spain, and there alliancing themselves with the Natives, was the Occa∣sion of this Denomination.

Cemele, an antient City near Nice, in Provence, amongst the Maritime Alpes; of great Esteem here∣tofore with the Romans, and yet showing the Ruins of an Amphitheatre, a Temple of Apollo, Inscriptions, Tombs, and Canals, which were the Works of their curious Hands. Since Christianity, it became a Bishop's See, and bore the Honor thereof till either the Goths and Vandals in the sixth, or the Saracens in the se∣venth and eighth Centuries ruined it so, that the See was translated to Nice.

Cenchrea, the Port over against Corinth, in the Peloponesus or Morea.

Ceneda, Ceneta, a small but well peopled City, and a Bishop's See in the Marca Trivigliana, seated at the Foot of the Mountains; about 13 Miles South from Belluno, and 15 from Trevigi North-East. The Bishop is Sovereign of the City, but a Suffragan of the Patriarch of Aquileia.

Cenis, or Mont-Cenis, Alpes Cottiae, the Name of that famous Passage over the Alpes, which parts Savoy from Piedmont.

Centobrica, an antient City of the Celtiberi in Spain; which when besieged by the Romans under Metellus, placed the little Infants of Rethogenes, who had run over to Metellus, in the Breach where the Besiegers played their Battery. And though the Breach was of that Largeness as to render the Con∣quest of the Town indubitable, and Rethogenes him∣self offered his Family to be a Sacrifice to Metellus's Glory; Yet rather than so Generous a Father should see the Massacre of his own Children, Metellus raised the Siege: And the Town ravished with his Humanity and Clemency therein, voluntarily afterwards opened the Gates to him. Val. Max.

Centum Celles, an antient Town of the Province of Toscana in Italy, in which Pope Cornelius during the Persecution of Gallus was confined and put to divers Torments. It is mentioned by Pliny and Procopius. Leander Alberti calls it Ferolle or Forcelle. Others believe it is the same with that which we now call Civita Vecchia.

Ceperano, or Ciperano, a Town in the Campag∣na di Roma in Italy, upon the River Garigliano. P. Paschal II. held a Council here in 1114. in which William Guichard, Grandson to Robert Guichard the Valiant Norman that drove the Saracens out of Italy, was created Duke of Apulia and Calabria.

Cephalonia, Cephalenia, call'd by the Italians Cefalonia, is an Island of the Ionian Sea, just oppo∣site to the Mouth of the Gulph of Lepanto. The Inhabitants are of the Greek Church; but with the Island, which is not above 90 Miles in Compass, sub∣ject to the Venetians. It is fruitful in Wines, excel∣lent Oil, and in those Grapes, whereof Currans are made. The Town wherein the Proveditor or Gover∣nor resides is Argostoli; a small Place, with a tolerable good Port on the East side of the Island. There is no other Town of any Note there; but only the Villages

of Liscuri, Finea, Erisso, Pillaro, Samo, and Lucato, after whose Names, together with Argo∣stoli, the whole Island is divided into seven Parts that are accordingly so notified. In the twelfth Century a Bishoprick was founded here, to which the Church of the Isle of Zante is annexed. In 1224. the Venetians received this Island by a Donation from Gaio the Lord of it at that time. In 1479. the Turks took it. In 1499. the Venetians retook it and repeopled it, and have since secured it with a strong Fortress called Asso, that stands upon a high Rock, surrounded with the Sea, excepting the Reserve only of a Point of Land a∣bout 20 Paces broad to join the Castle and the Island. The Proveditor's Commission is made to continue 32 Months. The Antiens call'd this, no less than that other Island in the Archipelago, Samos.

Cephisus, a River of Phocis in Achaia, first spring∣ing up in the antient Country of Doris there, and passing by the Mountain of Parnassus, it continues its Course through Boeotia, where it receives the Rivers Asopus and Ismene: Then traversing the Lake Copae, now known by the Name of Lago Stivo, it falls into the Euripus or the Streights of Negropont. And with a little Variation from Cephisus, is now called Cefisso. The Oracle of Themis said to be consulted by Deucalion and Pyrrha stood upon the Banks there∣of. § Some other Rivers of this Name in Greece are remembred by antient Authors; as likewise a Fountain at Apollonia, mentioned by Strabo and Ptolemy.

Cepuz, Cepusiensis Comitatus, a small County in the most Northern part of the Upper Hungary, to∣wards the Carpathian Hills, and the Confines of Po∣land; the greatest part of which is under the Crown of Poland; though the chief Town (Leutsch) with the Southern part of the County is subject to the Emperor, as King of Hungary. John de Zapol, Earl of this County, was crowned King of Hungary in 1526.

Ceram, or Ceiram, a pretty large and well inhabi∣ted Island in the Indian Ocean, betwixt Terra des Pa∣paous, Gilolo, &c. and the Moluccaes. Affording Spices, and the like Indian Commodities.

Ceramici, the Tuilleries of old Athens.

Cerasus, an antient Town of Cappadocia upon the Coast of the Euxine Sea, now called Chirissonda and otherwise Emid o•• Omidie. In Pomponius Mela's Time, we find it was as considerable a Place as Trebi∣zonde; assuming this name from the abundance of Cherries that grew in it, which Lucullus first brought into Italy from hence, says Athenaeus and S. Jerom, in his Return from the Conquest of Pontus and Armenia. It is very little inhabited now, and under the Turks, as all the rest of Anatolia.

Ceraunii, Acroceraunii Montes: The Greeks are us'd to call by this Name divers Chains of Mountains, whose Heighth exposes them to be struck with Lightning and Thunder: But it more especially understands those upon the Confines of Epirus, running a vast length from East to West between that Kingdom and Albania; about 50 Miles distant from the Island of Corfou: Now known by the Name of Monti di Chi∣maera in Chaonia, and Chimarioti.

Cerdanna, Cerdagne, Cerretania, is a County annexed to Catalaunia, and belongs to the Crown of Spain, though it lies on the North side of the Pyre∣nean Hills. It has Languedoc on the North, the County of Rousillon on the East, from which it is se∣parated by the Pyrenean Hills, and on the North and South Catalaunia; divided into two parts by the River Segre [Sicoris]: the Eastern part of it has been under the French ever since the Year 1660. according to the Regulation of the general Peace in the Year precedent. The antient Cerretani were of this Country. The Ca∣pital Town whereof is Puicerda.

Ceremissi. See Czeremissi.

Cerenza, or Cirenza. See Acerenza

Cerigo, Cytherea, an Island upon the Coast of the Morea, belonging to the Venetians, between Cape Matapan to the West, and Cape Anzolo to the East. The first Island of the Archipelago towards Europe, at the Distance of 40 or 45 Miles from Candia, about 60 in Circuit; and antiently dedicated to Venus, whom the Poets represent as born at Cithera which was a Town here of so much Note as to give Name to the whole Island. The Lacedemonian Vessels from E∣gypt and Libya made this Island their Retreat: Some∣times stil'd the Lanthorn of the Archipelago, because it is from hence that you may see the Countenance of the Turks: and sometimes Porphyris by the Antients, from the abundance of Porphyry found in it. It is now adorned with a City standing upon a Rock, having a Castle and a convenient Port to it very strong by Na∣ture and Art of the same Name with it self; which is also an Episcopal See, and full of People. Great Ve∣neration is paid to the Monastery of San Giovanni della grotta here above all others belonging to the religious Greeks, because the People have been perswa∣ded that S. John began the Book of the Revelations in the Place where it stands.

Cerisoles, a small Town in Piedmont, near Car∣magnole; famous for the Victory obtained by the French, under the Conduct of the Duke d' Enguien, at 22 Years of Age, over the Marquess du Guast, in 1544. twelve thousand being kill'd upon the Place.

Cerne, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire, in the Hun∣dred of Totcombe, standing in a Champaign Country, and watered with a fine Rivulet; considerable for its being heretofore an Abbey-Town.

Cervetere, a great and flourishing Place in the Times of the Old Romans, under the Name of Caere Vetus; the Capital of Hetruria: Now a small Town in S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy, 8 Miles from Brac∣ciano, and 3 from the Thuscan Sea. The Tabulae Cae∣rites in which the Censors set down the Names of Persons who for Misdemeanours were deprived of the Right of Suffrage, received that Appellation from hence. For when the Gauls took Rome, this Town entertained the Refugee Romans with so much Kind∣ness, that they had the Honour afterwards the first of any People, as a Reward for the same, to be made a free City of Rome, nevertheless without the Right of Suf∣frage.

Cervia, otherwise call'd Ficocle, is a City in the Province of Romandiola in Italy upon the Adriatick, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna. A Synod was held in it in 1634.

Cesena, Curva Cesena in Antoninus, is a City in the Province of Romandiola in Italy, upon the River Savio, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna. It has sometime belong'd to the Bolognese, sometime to particular Families, till at last remitted to the Church. You see in it the Ruins of a Castle which the Emperor Ferdinand II. is said to have built. Pope Alexander VI. gave it to Caesar Borgia. But he did not enjoy it long. It has been many times near the being entirely ruined by Factions.

Cesse, a River in the Dutchy of Luxemburg in the Low-Countries, passing by Ham sur Lesse, near Rochfort; then by the Mouth of a hideous Cavern throwing it self entirely under Ground for the space of a League, and at its Rise again appearing with the same Freshness as it hath at its Descent. Attempts are made to search into the subterraneous Abyss in vain; for the Fright∣fulness of the Danger frustrates all.

Ceva, Ceba, a Town in Piedmont upon the River Tanaro, in the Borders of the Marquisate of Montisfe∣rat, towards the Apennine, and the Dictrict call'd the Langhe. This had heretofore Marquesses of its own,

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but is now subject to the Duke of Savoy. It lies seven Miles from Mondui to the South, eighteen from Savo∣na to the North, and the same Distance from Alba to the West; being the Capital of the said District of le Langhe; with a Castle. In 1558 the French took it.

Cevennes, a Territory at the Foot of the Mount of Cevennes in Languedoc. See Sevennes. This Coun∣try was for a long time the Theatre of the Civil Wars of Religion, towards the End of the last, and the Be∣ginning of this Age; till Lewis XIII. brought the Rebels under Subjection.

Ceurawalth, the Name of an austere Sect amongst the Banjans in the East-Indies. They so supersti∣tiously believe the Metampsychosis, as to be afraid of killing the least Insect; and for the Mortifications of Life, they may be compared with the most Religious Votaries of any Profession whatsoever.

Ceuta, a Town and Castle in the Province of Ha∣bat in the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary, upon the Streights of Gibraltar, belonging to the King of Portugal; the Capital in former times of Mauritania Tingitana, call'd by the Romans, Civitas; by Mela, Septa; by Ortelius thought to be the Exilissa of Ptolomy. From the Romans, the Goths; from the Goths, the Arabs; from them, John I. King of Por∣tugal took it in 1415. It has a Collegiate, with the Rights of a Cathedral Church in it: composing in conjunction with Tangier a Bishoprick under the Arch-Bishop of Lisbonne.

Ceylan, see Zeilan.

Chablais, a small Province of Savoy, North of the Lake of Geneva, with the Province of Velay to the the East, Fousigny to the South, and Genevois to the West: being part of the Country of the ancient An∣dates or Nandates, and the Veragrii mention'd by Caesar. The Romans call'd it Provincia Equestris and Caballica, from their breeding up of Horses in it; whence Chablais comes to be formed by a Corruption. The famous St. Francis de Sales, taking great pains to reduce the Calvinists here to their old Religion again, carries therefore the Name of the Apostle of Chablais.

Chabli, a Town in the Tract of Senonnois in France towards Auxerre and Tonnere: made remar∣kable in 841. by a bloody Battle fought at Fontenay near it, betwixt the Children of Lewis the Debonnaire. Now, for good Wine.

Chabria, or Cilabro, Chiabrius, a River of Mace∣donia, falling into the Thermaicus Sinus, or the Gulph of Salonichi, betwixt Cassandria and Salonichi.

Chaeronea, is a City of Boeotia, upon the River Cephissus, on the Eastern side of Mount Helicon, North-West of Athens; memorable for the Ruine of the Grecian Liberty, in the Defeat of the Athenian Forces, by Philip of Macedonia, A. M. 3612. and al∣so for the Birth of Plutarch. Now not inhabited, but the Ruines are known by the former name.

Chagford, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Wonford.

Chagra, a River between the South and North of America, upon which the Merchandises bound for Panama and Peru do pass; The Mouth of it on the North Sea being guarded by a Spanish Fort. It is thought, a communication might easily be made be∣tween the two Seas by the means of this, especially with other Rivers that fall into the Pacifick. A Town of the same Name with it stands upon its Banks. In 1670. the English Bucaniers went up it in their Ca∣noes to plunder Panama.

Chaibar, a River in Arabia, which ariseth twen∣ty five German Miles West of Jamama, the Capital of Arabia; and passing by Chaibar and Tajef, falls into Eda. According to some judgments, this is the Chobar of the Prophet Ezekiel.

Chalcedon, a City of the Lesser Asia in Bithynia, which was a Bishop's See, under the Patriarch of Con∣stantinople; and of great Antiquity, much celebra∣ted in ancient History: but now reduced to the mean∣ness of a poor Village, call'd by the Turks Calcitin•• it stands on the Mouth of the Propontis, over against Constantinople. Some believe that Scutaret is grown out of the Ruines of this City. This City is particu∣larly remarkable on the account of the fourth Gene∣ral Council here celebrated in 451. In which it had the honour to be advanced to the Title of a Metropolitan Church. According to Strabo and Eusebius, this Ci∣ty was built in the sixty ninth year of Rome, that is, 685. before Christ. Longitude 56. 15. Lat. 43. 15.

Chalcis, the ancient Name of the Island and Town of Negropont. § Also a Town in Aetolia in Greece, with another in Syria, occurring in the Wri∣tings of the Ancients: but now unknown.

Chaldaea and Chaldei: See Curdistan.

Chalons sur Marne, Civitas Catalaunorum, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Rheimes, in the middle of Champagne, upon the River Marne; seven Miles from Rheimes to the South-East, and twelve from Troyes to the North-West. It is well fortified and built, standing in a large Plain, in which Attila lost 200000. men in a Battle with Aetius the General of the Romans, Meroveus King of France, and Theodorick, in the year 451. The Bishops are Earls and Peers of France.

Chalons sur Sone, Cabillonum, Cabillo Aeduo∣rum, a City and Bishoprick upon the Sone, in Bur∣gundy in France, 15 Leagues from Dijon to the South, and the same distance from Thoulon to the West. The Bishoprick is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Lyons. There are numbers of Inscriptions, Vessels, Statues, and the Reliques of ancient publick Buildings to be seen here. In 1562. the Huguenots made themselves Masters of it. It has been new fortified since; gives the Title of an Earl; and is the Capital of a little Territory called Chalonnois or la Bresse Chalonnois.

Chalus or Chaslus, Castrum Lucis, a Town in the Province of Limosin in France towards the Borders of Perigord, betwixt S. Hirier and Limoges. Richard I. King of England dyed of the Wound of an Arrow that he received at the Siege of the Castle of this place, then belonging to Widomare Viscount of Li∣moges, in 1199. The occasion of which Siege, see in Daniel's Life of Richard I.

Chamb, Chambum, a small Town and Territory in the Ʋpper Palatinate, upon the River Regen, se∣ven Miles East of Regenspurgh; something more than five Miles North of Straubing. This Town with the Territory annexed makes an Earldom, which be∣longed heretofore to the Count Palatine of the Rhine; but by the Treaty of Westphalia was given to the Duke of Bavaria, who to this day enjoys it.

Chambery, Civaro, Chamberiacum, the Capital City of the Dukedom of Savoy, and the Seat of the Parliament of that Dukedom; It stands upon the Ri∣ver Laise, in a Plain ten Miles from Grenoble to the North-East: well built and beautified, and defended with a good Castle.

Chambray, see Cambray.

Chamen, Ʋrbs Chamavorum, a City of West∣phalia.

Champagne, Campagnia, a great rich, fruitful, populous Province in France; bounded by Lorain to the East, the Low-Countries to the North; Pi∣cardy, la Brie, and the Isle of France to the West; and Burgundy to the South. The Earl of this County, being an Earl Palatine, was always one of the twelve ancient Peers of France. It is watered, or bounded, by six of the greater Rivers of France, viz. the Seine, the Aulde, the Marne, the Vere, the Meuse, and the

Vannes. The Principal Cities are Chaumont Rheimes, &c. Amongst which there are four Episcopal and two Archiepiscopal See.

Champ Arrein, a small Town near Bourdeaux, where Charles the Great defeated the Goths.

Chanad, a City of Hungary. See Gyngisch.

Changcheu, two populous and Large Cities in China, with Territories of the same name belong∣ing to them; having Jurisdiction, the one in the Province of Fokien near the Sea, ove•• Nine; the o∣ther in the Province of Nanking, over Four Cities. The first is watered by the River Chan••s, the latter by the Kiang, and adorned with divers triumphant Arches.

Changte, two great Cities and Territories adja∣cent in China, having under their Resort, the one in the Province of Honan, six; the second in the Pro∣vince of Huquang, three Cities. This last excels the fertility of the other.

Chang••a, a great City and Territory, having Ju∣risdiction over ten Cities, in the Province of Huquang in China: watered with divers Rivers and Lakes. The Mountain call'd Jumo, yielding great quanties of Isinglass, stands here.

Chanry, or Chanonry, a fine Town and Port, on the Eastern Shoar of Scotland, in the County of Ross, on the North of Murray Fyrth.

Chantilly, a beautiful and ancient Seat belonging to the Prince of Conde, eight Leagues from Paris, two from Senlis, and near a Forrest call'd Chantilly. It is one of the most delightful Castles in the King∣dom of France.

Chaocheu, A great City and Territory, having Ju∣risdiction over nine Cities, in the Province of Quang∣tung in China. The City is adorn'd with two stately Temples, a large Bridge over a Navigable River, and is a very trading place.

Chaoking, the Capital City of a Territory of the same Name in the Province of Quangtung in China: having ten other Cities under its Jurisdiction. It is the Seat of a Vice-Roy, and full of Noble Buil∣dings.

La Chapelle, a Town in the Province of Limosin in France.

Chappel in the Frith, a Market Town in Devon∣shire in the Hundred of High Peak.

Los Chare••s, sometimes also call'd la Plata from its Capital City, is a Province of the Southern Ame∣rica towards the Pacifick Ocean, below the Tropick, to the South of Peru.

Chard, A Market Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Kingsbury.

Charente, Carentelus, Caranthenus, a River of France, which ariseth in Limosin; and run∣ning Westward, entereth the Province of Poictou; from which it passeth to Angolesine, and Sainctes; and entereth the Aquitane Sea, right over against the Isle of Oleron, between the Garonne and the Loire.

Charenton, Carentonium, a Town in the Isle of France, about two Miles from Paris to the East, up∣on the River Marne, where it enters the Seine. This Place was allow'd for the Exercise of the Reformed Religion, which together with its nearness to Paris, made it very famous, till the demolishing of that Re∣ligion there.

La Charite, A large Town upon the Loire in the Province of Nivernois upon the ascent of a Hill be∣twixt Nevers and Cosne in France. Often taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of that Kingdom. Here the Loyre is covered with a good Bridge.

Charkliqueu, A Town in Cappadocia in the Lesser Ajia, two Leagues from Tocat, standing in a fruitful Country for Wine. There is the Rock not far from it, which served in the Exile of S. Chrysostom for the place of his retreat, much frequented by the devout Christians.

Charlemont, Carolomontium, a small but very strong Town, in the most Southern Border of the County of Namur, upon the River Mose, about four Miles South of Dinant, and nine from Namur. It belonged formerly to the Bishoprick of Liege; but was taken into this County, and fortified by Charles V. in 1555. by the consent of that Bishop.

Charlemont, an old Castle in the Province of Ʋl∣ster in Ireland, in the County of Armagh, surrendred May 14. 1690. to the D. of Schomberg, upon Articles, for want of Provisions; having defended it self for about six Months, in the midst of all the Garrisons be∣longing to the said General, to admiration.

Charleville, Carolopolis, a new and strong City in Champagne, in France, upon the Mose, in the Ter∣ritory de Retel; between Mezieres and Rocr••y; built by Charles Duke of Nevers and Mantoua in 1609. five Miles from Sedan, For which reason it not only bears his Name, but also is substituted in part un∣der the Duke of Mantoua, and part the King of France.

Charleroy, a new built strong Town in Namur, where the Village of Charnoy stood; built by the Spaniards in 1666. and so called from the present King of Spain. In 1667. it was taken by the French, and in 1679. restored by the Treaty of Nimmeghen to the Spaniards. It lies five Leagues from Mons to the East, upon the River Sambre.

Charley, a Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Leyland.

Charles-Town, the Principal Town in the Island of Barbadoes, built by the English, and so called from Charles II. of England, of blessed Memory. § A considerable Settlement in New-England has re∣ceived the same Name, from the same Excellent Prince: it is adorned with a large well built Church, and several fair Buildings.

Charlieu, A Town in the County of Charolois in Burgundy, which has risen from an Abby call'd Ca∣rilocus or Carus locus in the Diocese of Mascon. A Council was here celebrated in 926. for the rebuil∣ding of Churches, and repairing of the Ruines of the Holy Places in Palestine.

Chars, or Chirsi, Chorsa, a strong City of Arme∣nia Major, mentioned by Pliny, as standing near the Fountains of Euphrates. It is a Bishop's See, and the Residence of the Turkish Bassa, who keeps it with a strong Garrison against the Persians. It is well fortified, and has a fine Castle.

Charolles, Carolia, Quadrigellae, one of the chief Towns in the County so called, in Burgundy, upon the River Reconse, six Leagues from Cluny and the Loyre. It is honoured with a Collegiate Church, and some Religious Houses.

Charroux, Karrofium, an ancient Abby in the Pro∣vince of Poictou, not far from Berry. Du Chesne, a French Antiquary, says, it took this Name, according to the vulgar opinion, from Chair-rouge, meaning the Prepuce of Jes▪ Ch. that was cut from him at his Circumcision, and was heretofore preserved as a Re∣lick in this place.

Chartres, Carnutum, a City, and Bishoprick of the County of Blois in France, upon the River Eure, eighteen Leagues from Paris to the South-West, and sixteen from Orleans to the North. This Bishop was heretofore subject to the Archbishop of Sens, but in 1621. was put under the Archbishop of Paris. The City is the Capital of the County of Blois; and more particularly of a little Territory call'd Chartrain from it self; and has a noble Cathedral, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, whose Smock is kept here. In 1528.

it was advanced to the honour of a Dukedom. Divers Synods of inferiour Note have been held here. It is likewise of good Antiquity, and one of the most agreeable Cities of France, by the general contribution of all things for that purpose.

Charybdis, the notorious Gulph upon the Coast of the Island of Sicily to the South, opposite to Scylla a Rock upon the Coast of Italy to the North, made equally known by the common Proverb. Bochartus, derives the Name from Char-Obdan, in the Phoenician Language, signifying the hole of destruction. They now call it Capo di Faro.

Chaslus, see Chalus.

Chasteau-Briant, a small Town in Brittany, nine or ten Leagues from Nantes towards the Con∣fines of the Province of Anjou: Some esteem it as the Country of the ancient Cadates in Caesar's Com∣mentaries. There is an old Castle standing in it.

Chasteau-Dun, Castelodunum, the Principal Town in Dunois, in la Beausse in France; upon the River Lo••re, nine Leagues from Blois to the North-West. The Antients gave it the name of Ʋrbs clara. And indeed we find in the fifth Century, that it was a City with the Seat of a Bishop. But being a de∣pendant upon the Bishoprick of Chartres, a Council soon after deprived it of this honour.

Chasteau-Gontier, a Town upon the River May∣enne in the Province of Anjou in France, and the Diocese of Angers. Divers small Councils have been assembled at it.

Chasteau-Landon, a small Town in the Terri∣tory of Gastinois in the Isle of France upon the Ri∣ver Loing, between Nemours and Montargis.

Chasteau-du-Loyre, A Town upon the Loyre in the Province of Maine, five or six Leagues from Mans, with the Title of a Barony. It belongs to the Demesnes of the Crown.

Chasteau-Meliand, a small Town and Chatel∣lany in the Province of Berry in France, remark'd particularly for its Castle and a Tower said to be built in the time of the Romans.

Chasteau-Neuf, A Town in the small Territory of Timerais within the Province of Perche in France; with others of the same Name in Anjou, Berry, Bresse, &c. whereof nothing particular.

Chasteau-Pelerin, a Fortress ten Miles from Cae∣sarea upon the Sea Coast in the Holy Land: built for the security of the Christian Pilgrims that travel'd to Jerusalem; and in the year 1217. enobled with a Palace which the Templars erected for the service of their Grand Master. It has been since neglected and nigh ruin'd.

Chasteau-Porcien, A Town and Principality upon the River Aisne in the Territory de Retel in Cham∣pagne, below Rhetel. It was advanc'd to the Dignity of a Principality by Charles IX. in 1561.

Chasteau-Regnard, a small Town in the Terri∣tory of Gastinois in France upon the River Ouaine, two Leagues from Montargis.

Chasteau-Regnaud, a little Sovereignty upon the Meuse in Champagne, in the Territory of Retelois, two Leagues from Charleville. The Town is forti∣fied: and the Title now born by Monsieur Chasteau-Regnaud, the French Admiral, who engaged Admi∣ral Herbert at the Bantry in 1689. May 1.

Chasteau-Rous, a Town in Berry, upon the Ri∣ver Indre, between Bourges and Blanc. Lewis XIII. advanced it to the quality of a Dukedom and Peer∣dom in 1616. It is a considerable large Town, with a good Castle and divers publick Buildings. In La∣tin, Castrum Rufum and Castrum Rodulphium. § Also a City and an Episcopal See in the Island of Negropont, by the Ancients call'd Carystus, by the Italians, Castel rosso. The famous Carystium Mar∣mor comes from hence.

Chasteau-Thierry, Castrum Theodorici, a City in the Isle of France, four Leagues South of Cha∣stres: It stands upon the Marne, in the Confines of Champagne; and is a heat City, and a Dukedom; beautified with a Castle, and divers Churches. Bau∣drand placeth it in Brie, twenty Leagues from Paris to the South.

Chastel-Chinon, a small Town in the Province of Niverhois in France near the River Jonne, towards the Confines of Burgundy.

Chastellet; Castelletum, a Town in Namur, upon the River Sambre, six Miles West of Namur. There is another Town of the same Name in Picardy, at the head of the Scheld, three Leagues from St. Quintin North. This latter has been fortified being a Fron∣tier Town: but in 1674. it was dismantled.

Chastel-herault, a Town upon the River Vienne, in the most Eastern Border of Poictou, seven Miles from Poictiers to the North-East. Francis I▪ digni∣fied this Town in 1514. with the Title of a Duke∣dom and Peerdom. It was often taken and retaken in the French Civil Wars.

Chastillon sur Indre, a small Town in the Pro∣vince of Touraine, some say Berry, in France upon the said River. §. Chastillen sur Loing, a handsom small Town in the Territory of Gustinois in France, about 4 Leagues from Montargis upon the River Loing. §. Chastillon sur Loyre, a Town in the Province of Berry below Cosne upon the Loyre. §. Chastillon sur Cher, is in the same Province towards the Conflu∣ence of the Sandre and the Cher. §. Chastillon sur Marne, A handsome small Town in Champagne, with a Chatellany thereunto belonging between Espernay and Chasteau-Thierry. There is a noble and ancient Family deriving their Name from it. §. Chastillon sur Seyne, a pretty Town in Burgundy between Alsei∣le-Duc and Bar-sur-Seyne, divided in two by the River that distinguishes it from all the foregoing.

La Chastre, A great Town upon the River Indre in the Province of Berry in France, between S. Se∣vere and Chateau-Roux: imparting its Name to a considerable Family of that Kingdom.

Chatham, a long thoroughfare Town in Kent in Aylesford Lath, upon the Bank of the Medway, and near Rochester. It is the principal Station of the Royal Navy of England: and therefore well provided with Storehouses, and a Dock for the building and equip∣ping of the same.

Chatzan, a Town in the Kingdom of Hajacan in the East Indies within the Dominions of the Grand Mogul, not far from the conjunction of the Rivers Behat and Nilab.

Chaumont en Uexin, Calvomontium, a Town in that part of the Isle of France, call'd Vexin, upon a small River, about five Miles West of Beauvais, which has a ruined Castle.

Chaumont sur Marne, called Vexin-Francois, a very fine Town in Champagne, five Leagues South-West of Joinville, and about the same distance from Grand to the West. This was first walled in 1500. and has received its growth from the hands of three Kings, Lewis XII. Francis I. and Henry II.

Chauni, Calniacum, a small Town and Chatella∣ny in the Government of the Isle of France upon the River Oise, between Noyon and la Fere. It belongs to the Crown.

Chaxan, a City in the Territory of Chingyang within the Province of Huquang in China. The Mountain Nuiqua, famous for a Temple that is built upon it in honour of a Woman a pretended Prophe∣tess amongst the Chinese, stands near it.

Cheadle, a Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Totmonslow.

Checkley, a Market Town in the same County and Hundred preceding, upon the River Teane.

Chekiam, a Province of China, which has Nan∣kim on the North, and the River Kiam; Kiamsi on the West, Fokien on the South, and the Chinian O∣cean on the East; the principal City is Hamcheu: it contains eleven Cities, sixty three walled Towns, and 1242135. Families. It lies between 27. and 32. deg. of Lat.

Chelles, a Town in the Isle of France near the Marne; famous for a Nunnery founded in 662. by the Queen Bathilde. It had heretofore a Royal Man∣sion also standing in it.

Chelmer, a River in Essex on which Maldon is situated.

Chelmesford, Caesaromagus, a Town in Essex, twenty five Miles North of London.

Chelo, A Fort in the Province of Junnan in China.

Chelsey, a place deserving particularly to be re∣mark'd for the Magnificent and most Delightful Ho∣spital, begun by King Charles II. continued by King James II. and now perfected, for the refuge and maintenance of disabled, poor, and Veterane Soldiers here. This being such a stately Pile, as to surpass by confession in divers respects, the famous Hotel des Invalide at Paris. Its situation near London is better known, than that we should need to mention more.

Cheltenham, a Market Town in Glocestershire, and the Capital City of its Hundred.

Chemnis, an Island of Egypt mentioned by He∣rodotus. Apollo had heretofore a Temple in it. The people used to believe that it floated. § We find mention made in Herodotus of a great City also of this Name, near to Nea, in the Country of Thebes.

Chepstow, a fine Market Town on the River Wye, on the Eastern Border of the County of Monmouth in Wales. It is fortified with a Wall, and has a spa∣cious Castle on the other side of the River; supposed to have risen first out of the Ruines of Venta Silu∣rum (the Capital City of the ancient Silures) four Miles distant from it.

Cher, Caris, a River which riseth in Auvergne, near Clermont; and running North-West through Berry, and on the South side of Tours, a little below this last, it falls into the Loyre.

Cherazoul, a Town in the Province of Curdistan in Asia, in the Road from Ninive to Hispahan, of very difficult access from the manner of its constru∣ction within a steep and cleted Rock.

Cherbourg, Caroburgus, a Sea-Port in Normandy in France, which has a tolerable good Harbor: ten Leagues West of Constance. This Town was lost by the English in 1453. Honfleur and Beaumont stand near it.

Chersonesus Aurea. See Malaca. Some believe this to be the Land of Ophir of King Solomon's time.

Cherry-Issand, an Island on the Coast of Green∣land, in the most Northern part of the World; discove∣red to us, and denominated accordingly, by Sir Francis Cherry. There are many Mines of Lead growing in it.

Chertsey, A Market Town in Surrey; the Capital of its Hundred, not far from the River Thames, over which it enjoys a Bridge. The unfortunate King Hen∣ry VI. was first interred without Pomp here, and af∣terwards removed to Windsor.

Cherusci, an Antient and Valiant People of Ger∣many, that dwelled between the Elbe and the Weser; having the Catti and the Hermonduri their Neigh∣bours to the South, East and West. Their General, Arminius, is often mention'd with honour by Ta∣citus.

Cherwell, a River in Oxfordshire, at the conflu∣ence of which with the Isis stands the most famous University of Oxford.

Chesee, Povillux, a Town in Champagne, the In∣habitants whereof claim the privilege to assist at the Coronation of the Kings of France; and to convey the Holy Ampoulle or Oil (pretended to be brought by an Angel at the Consecration of the first Christian King of that Kingdom) from St. Rheimes to our Ladies Church in Rheimes.

Chesham, a Market Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Burnham.

Chester, Civitas Legionum, Cestria, is a City and Bishoprick, on the River Dee, in the Westernpart of Cheshire; whence often call'd West-Chester; with a fair Stone Bridge over that River. In this City it was that 7 Kings of the Scots and Brittains by way of Homage, rowed King Edgar in his Barge from S. John's Church to his Palace, himself as Sovereign holding the Helm. The East-gate is accounted one of the stateliest in England; and the Rows or Galle∣ries made along the chief Streets, for preservation a∣gainst the Rain, are very particular. It was an anci∣ent Roman Town, call'd by Ptolemy Devana: made a Bishops See by Henry VIII. who put it under the Archbishop of York. The ancient Earls of Chester fortified it both with Walls and a Castle. It is now at this day a fine Place with 10 Parishes in it, a Coun∣ty Palatine, and the usual passage from England to Ireland. Its Long. 20. 23. Lat. 53. 11. Cheshire, Cestria, hath on the South Shropshire, on the East Stafford and Darby, on the North Lancashire, and on the West Denbigh and Flintshire; towards the North-West it has a Promontory that runs a great way into the Sea. It abounds more in good Pasturage than Corn, well stored with Parks, and watered by the Rivers Dee, Weever, and Mersey; and the Cheese of this County, is thought the best of England. The Earldom of it belongs to the Prince of Wales.

Chesterfield, a Market Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of Scarsdale, pleasantly seated between two small Rivers in a very good Soil. King John made it a free Borough, King Henry III. and his Barons fought that Battel hard by it, in which Robert de Fer∣rers Earl of Derby was taken Prisoner, and lost his Estate and Dignity. King Charles I. advanced it to the Style and Title of an Earldom in the Person of Philip Lord Stanhop Anno 1628. whose Grandson at present possesses that Dignity.

Cheuxan, an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Chekiang in China, planted by above 70 small Towns and Villages of the Chinese.

Chewton, a Market Town in Somersetshire, the Capital of its Hundred: also written Chewton-Men∣dip.

Chiampana, Ciampa, a Kingdom of the further East-Indies, between Couchin-China, Cambaja, and the Mare Sinicum. Pulocacien is the principal City of it.

Chiamsi, a Province towards the South of China.

Chiangare. See Galatia, a Province of the Lesser Asia.

Chiapa, a Province of New Spain in America, watered by the Rivers Gryalva and rio blanco; and for many Ages past inhabited by 4 different Nations of Indians. Its Capital City is Civdad Real.

Chiarenza, a Town in the Morea, fifty five En∣glish Miles from Patras to the South. It is a Sea-Port-Town.

Chiaromonti, Claromons, a considerable Town in the South-East part of Sicily, in the Valley of Netina amongst the Mountains, about forty Miles from Pa∣chino to the West.

Chiavari, Clavarum, Claverinum, a small but well inhabited Town upon the Coast of Genoua, near Ra∣pello in Italy, towards the fall of the River Layagna. The Genouese are said to build it in 1167. and after it had been ruined, to rebuild it.

Chiavenne, vide Claven.

Chichester, Cicestria, a City and Bishoprick in Sus∣sex, founded by Cissa II. King of the South Saxons. After the Conquest it became a Bishops See, the Chair being removed from Selsey a small Village, not much above sive Miles to the Southward. This City is seated on a River call'd the Lavant, which encompasseth it on the West and South, about six Miles from the Sea, and almost in the Western Border of that County. The Honorable Charles Fitz-Roy Duke of Southam∣pton was created Earl of Chichester, September 10. 1675 by Charles II. his Father. It is a fair City, with five or six Parish Churches, and a Cathedral, first erected by Radulph the third Bishop, afterwards re∣built and beautified by Bishop Seffrid the second of the Name, when it had been almost consumed twice by Fire. The Corporation elects two Burgesses for Parliament, and would enjoy a better Trade, were not the Haven choaked up that is next adjoining to ••it.

Chidley, a Market Town in Devonshire on the River Tinge.

Chiemzee, or Chiempsee, Chiemium, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Saltzburgh in the Dukedom of Bavaria, about ten Leagues from Mu∣nich and Saltzburgh each. It is no very considerable place. An Archdeacon of Saltzburgh founded the Bishoprick in the year 1214.

Chieri, a Town in Piedmont, where the French obtained a signal Victory against the Spaniards in 1639. It lies three Miles to the Eastward of Turino, and was heretofore a Potent City, and a Common∣wealth; but is now in Subjection to the Duke of Savoy.

Chifale, an Island in the Gulph of Arabia.

Chilafa, or Chielefa, is a Fortress on the South of the Morea, thirty eight English Miles North-West of Cape Matapan, a Place of great Importance, both as to its natural and artificial Fortifications; and surren∣dred to the Venetians in 1686.

Chilca, a fruitful Valley in the Kingdom of Peru, ten Leagues from Lima and six from Pachacama. The Salvages manure it with Sardines.

Chili, one of the most Potent Kingdoms of the South America. When the Spaniards entred the New World, it was first discovered by them in 1535. It lies four hundred Leagues in length from North to South, but its breadth is not great: bounded on the North by Peru, on the West by the Pacifick Ocean, or the Mar del Zur; on the South by Magellanica, and on the East by the Andes. A part of the Inha∣bitants of this Country retiring into these Andes, have defended their Lives and Liberties against the Spani∣ards ever since; and have sometimes given them great Overthrows. S. Jago is the Capital City of it. Ma∣ny Mines of Gold and Quarries of Marble grow within its bowels. Yet a very cold Country, governed by a Vice-Roy in subordination to the Vice. Roy of Peru.

Chiloe or Chilue, an Island and Town belonging to the Kingdom of Chili; South of the extreme parts of that Country, in the West-Indies: giving Name to a neighbouring Gulph, called the Archipelago of Chi∣loe, because of the number of the Islands therein.

Chimarioti, Ceraunii, are a Ridge of very high Mountains in Albania or Epirus; which run from the North-East to the South-West, and lie not above fifty Miles North of Corfu. See Ceraunii.

Chimay, Chimacum, a Town and Castle in Hai∣nault, in the Confines of Champagne, upon the River Alby, which falls into the Mase, three German Miles from Mariebourg to the South-West. This Town was made a Principality by the Emperor Maximilian I. in 1486.

Chimera, a City in the Confines of Macedonia, be∣tween the Mountains of Chimarioti, upon the shoars of the Gulph of Venice, which has a strong Sea-Port. It lies about 30 Miles North of Corfu, upon a Rock which has Precipices on all Sides; whither all the Country People retire when need requires; by which they have preserved themselves from the Turks, and will pay him no Tribute. They are stout Men and good Soldiers; but infamous for Theft and Robbery, preying equally upon the Turks and Christians. Yet they are Christians by Profession, and subject to the Bishop of Janina in Thessaly. Vide Wheeler's Tra∣vels. § There is a flaming Mountain, mention'd by Pliny, Strabo, Ovid, &c. in Lycia of this Name; from whence the Poets, and after those the Philoso∣phers derive the Fiction of a Chimaera, whereby they understand a meer Creature of the Imagination com∣pos'd of such Contradictions and absurdities in Relation to one another, as cannot possibly be any where united into a being, only in Thought: But what Occasion our Mountain gives for such a Whimsey, the Mytholo∣gists are put to others to invent.

Chi••tu, one of the Principal Cities in China, the Capital of the Province of Suchyen, on the Borders of West Tartary, between the Mountains and the River Kiam, in Long. 131. 40. Lat. 30. 40.

Chin, A famous Lake in the Province of Junnan in China, occasion'd by the total swallowing up of a great City which formerly stood in the place by an Earthquake.

China, is a vast Kingdom in the East of Asia, bounded on the North by the Kingdoms of Tangut and Niathan, (or Cambalu,) from which it is sepa∣rated in part by Mountains, and in part by a Wall 500. Leagues long: on the West it has India extra Gangem, from which it is parted by the Lake of Cincujay, and a long Ridge of Mountains; on the South and East, it is surrounded by the Chinese and Indian Ocean. Since the year 1630. the Tartars have conquer'd this once most Potent Kingdom. This is a vast, populous, civil, fruitful Countrey; and for Learning and Mechanick Arts to be preferred before all the Pagan People in the World. They are very ingenious at Geometry, Arithmetick, Astronomy, and Physick; and since Confusius (the Socrates of China) brought that Faculty into repute with them, in Moral Philosophy also. Some maintain, the Arts of Prin∣ting, Gunnery, and the Magnet, were first invented here. Their Language for the most part consists of Monosyllables, written downwards in Characters ex∣pressing entire words and things, like the Egyptian Hieroglyphicks, without Letters; the Rules by which they are understood may be seen in the China illu∣strata of Kircher. Ptolomy calls this Kingdom Sina∣rum regio. It is watered by the great Rivers Kiang and Hoan. And stands divided into fifteen Provinces; six under the Division of Catay, and nine under the Division of Mangin; which are incredibly populous and rich, with Mines of Gold, Silver, and precious Stones. In every great Town there is a College for to teach the Philosophy of Confusius. And you have a perfect Catalogue of their Emperors from the year 2952. before Christ, to the present Lord of the Ʋni∣verse and Son of Heaven, as they call him.

Chinca, a large and beautiful Valley in the Diocese of Lima in Peru, discovered by Pizarro, whose Go∣vernment by Order from the King of Spain, was limi∣ted by the River S. Jago to the North, and this Valley to the South. It yields plenty of Corn and Wine.

Chinkiang, a well built and populous City of the Province of Nanking in China, with a Territory of the same Name, whereof it is the Capital: having Jurisdiction over two other Cities. The Physicians of this place have the reputation of the best of that Faculty in all China.

Chinon, a Town upon the Vienne in Touraine in France, above four Leagues from the fall of that Ri∣ver into the Loyre, and ten from Tours to the South-West. It was here that the famous Maid of Orleans first came and offered her service to Charles VII. of France in 1429. And for the Situation of it, it is thought to be of that importance, as to deserve a Garrison in the Castle.

Chintin, a City in the Province of Pekin, in the North of China; having a Command over one and thirty Cities.

Chintu, a great City and Territory, comprehending nine and twenty other Cities in the Province of Suchuen in China. See Chimtu.

Chinyven, a Town in the Province of Junnan in China, situated in a Country that is rich in Silver Mines. The Fort called Loko belongs to the Govern∣ment of this Town. § A second in the Province of Quiechen in the same Kingdom, with a Territory cal∣led also Chinyven, having Jurisdiction over five Ci∣ties.

Chio, an Island of the Archipelago, over against Smyrna, not above twelve Leagues from the nea∣rest Coast of Asia; call'd by the Turks Sakisadasi, that is, the Isle of Mastick. It belonged to the Family of the Justiniani of Genoua heretofore; but in 1566. conquered by the Turks, under whom it now is. It is about eighty Miles in Circuit, very fruitful and po∣pulous, and inhabited for the most part by Christi∣ans, who live here with greater liberty, and kinder usage, than in any other part of Turkey. The Men are proud, ignorant, lazy and ugly, but the Women are beautiful; Thevenot. In the Eastern part of the Isle stands the City Chio, which has had the honour in former times to be first an Episcopal See under Rhodes, and afterwards an Archiepiscopal one. Now inhabited by Turks, Jews, Latin and Greek Christians, with the free exercise of their respective Religions. It enjoys the advantage of a good Port and Castle to enrich and desend it: and they reckon about fifteen Villages in the Island besides.

Chioza, Clodia Fossa, Chioggia, a small City which is a Bishops See in a small Island of the Adria∣tick, about fifteen Miles from Venice South; made famous by the Valour of the Genoese, who in 1380. took it; but it returned under the Dominion of the Venetians again. The Bishop is a Suffragan to the Patriarch of Venice.

Chiorlick, a Town in Romandiola, near to which Bajazet defeated his Son Selim, who was then in Re∣bellion against him.

Chippenham, a Market Town in Wiltshire. The Capital of the Hundred; upon the River Avon. It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Chipping-Norton, a Market Town in Oxford∣shire in the Hundred of Chadlington.

Chipping-Ongar, a Market Town in the County of Essex in the Hundred of Ongar.

Chisary, the only Town of Turcomania, the an∣cient Seat of the Turks in Asia; seated upon the Ri∣ver Euphrates, near its Head or Spring; forty five German Miles West of Testis.

Chiton, a Province of the Empire of the Great Mogul in the Terra firma of the Indies, betwixt the Provinces of Malva and Guzurate; having a City of its own Name for the Capital, in which you see the Remains of divers Magnificent Pagods or Pagan Temples; together with a Castle which serves for a Prison of State.

Chnin or Knin. The same with Clin.

Chobar, see Chaibar.

Chocolococa, or Castro Virreyna, as the Spaniards call it, a Town in the Kingdom of Peru, sixty Leagues from Lima to the South, and two from the Silver Mines of a Mountain that is perpetually covered with Snow. The Silver is fine, but the Veins not being very full of it, they pay no more than the Tenths to the King of Spain.

Chogaco, a Castle in the Lower Hungary, surren∣dred to the Imperialists Octob. 18. 1687.

Chogan, a Town in the Province of Xansi in China near the River Fy: remarkable for a Flying Bridge (as the Chinese call it, because it is elevated fifty Perches high in the Air)▪ which communicates a passage betwixt two Mountains on each side the River at the distance of forty Perches from one another, yet consists but of a single Arch.

Cholm-Kill, Insula Sancti Columbani, Rana, an Island in the West of Scotland, famous for a Mona∣stery there built by Columbanus the Apostle of the Scotch Nation: it lies opposite to Knapdale: thirteen Miles North of Yea, and about fifty from New-Castle in Ireland. This is one of the five Islands called Hebudes or Hebrides. The ancient City Sodore stands in it.

Chonad, Canadum, Genadum, a City in the Ʋp∣per Hungary, upon the River Merish; which falls into the Tibiscus at Segedin, about three German Miles East of Segedin. This is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Colocza, and the Capital of the County of Chonad; which lies between the Rivers of Merish and Temez.

Chorasan. See Corasan.

Chotezim, Chotimia. See Cotzchin.

Christ-Church, A Market Town in Hampshire, situated betwixt the Rivers Avon and Stower at their fall into the Sea. It is the Capital of its Hundred, and has the Privilege of Electing two Burgesses for the Parliament.

Christianstad, Christianopolis, a Town of Den∣mark in the Confines of Sweden, adorned by Chri∣stian IV. King of Denmark. It lies in the County of Bleckling; taken by the Swedes, and burnt in 1611. which was the occasion of rebuilding it. There is a good Port to the Baltick Sea there.

Christina, a Town in New Sweden in the Nor∣thern America, built by the Swedes in the year 1640. and so called from Christina their Queen of famous Memory. The Dutch and English have since taken it from the Swedes, and the latter again from former.

Chthonia, a very ancient Name of the Island of Crete.

Chucheu, a great City and Territory, extending its Jurisdiction over nine other Cities in the Province of Chekiang in China; set about with Mountains, but the Valleys thereof are fruitful enough.

Chunking, the Capital City of the Territory of this Name in the Province of Suchuen in China, having nineteen old Cities under its Command. It is one of the most Magnificent Places in China.

Chudleigh, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Exmister. The Lord Clifford has a Noble Seat here, to whom it gives the Title of a Baron.

Chulmleigh, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Witheridge.

Church-Stretton, a Market Town in the County of Salop in the Hundred of Munslow.

Churnet, a River of Staffordshire.

Chusistan, Susiana, a Province of the Kingdom of Persia, bounded by the Gulph of Balsera to the South, the Provinces of Eatz to the East and Hy∣rach

West: The Capital City, Sauster: whence some of the Moderns call the Province Schouster.

Chu••ei, a People of the ancient Province called Chuta in Persia, who being transplanted to Samaria (whence afterwards called Samaritans) and there adoring the Idols that they brought with them of the Gentile invention, were infested with Lions out of the Desart, till they gat a Jewish Priest to instruct them in the manner of the God of the Land. And then they served their Idols, and the God of Israel toge∣ther. This transplantation happened upon the carry∣ing away of the Jews Captives to Assyria. 2 Kings 17. The men of Cuth, v. 30. meaning these Chutes.

Cibola or Civola, a Province of the Southern Ame∣rica, the same with what the Spaniards call New Granada, from a City of that Name of their building.

Cicones, an ancient People of Thrace, near the River Hebrus. Ovid mentions them upon the occa∣sion of a River in their Country, that would petrisie the Bowels of such as drunk of it.

Flumen habent Cicones, quod potum Saxea reddit Viscera, quod tactis inducit marmora rebus.

Cicules or Zeckels, a People in the North of Tran∣sylvania towards the Confines of Poland, thought to be a remainder of the Huns under another Name, or else derived from Tartary. In Religion they are ge∣nerally Calvinists or Socinians. They possess seven several quarters thereabouts, whereof the Capital Town is Neumark.

Cilicia, a Province of Asia the Less, lying along the Coast of the Mediterranean, with Cappadocia and a part of Armenia to the North. Now contained in the Province of Caraman, and sometimes called Fi∣nichia. Tharsus, Pompeiopolis, Lajazzo, are the principal Cities of it.

Cillei, Cilleja, Celia, a Town in Stiria, upon the River Saana, which soon after falls into the Drave. The Capital of a County of the same Name; about five Miles from the Borders of Carniola Northward.

Cimbri, the Origine of this ancient People lies un∣der dispute; as whether descended from the Scythi∣ans, or the Saxons, or the Danes; or whether the same with the Cimmerii. Cluverius supposes that they did anciently possess the Cimbrica Chersonesus. It is certain, that about the year of Rome 639. these People marched with an Army of 300000. fighting Men, besides Women and Children, in search of a New Country to live in. And being joined by the Teutones, the Ambrones, the Tigurii, and others in the way, they ravaged Germany, Istria, Sclavonia, the Grisons, Switzerland; till met and overcome by Marius in a very bloody Battle in the Field, called Campus Marii, between Aix and S. Maximin near the little River Arc in Province, Anno Romae 652.

Cimmerii, the ancient Name of a People in Italy, that dwelt in subterraneous Caverns near the Lake Averno; and of another towards the Euxine Sea, from whom the Bosphorus Cimmerius derives its de∣nomination. Whether of these two occasioned the Proverb Cimmeriae Tenebrae, from the darkness of their habitations, the Learned make a difference not worth the determining.

Cinaloa, a Province of New Mexico in the South America, bounded by Guadalajara to the South, and to the North by the Vermiglian Ocean.

Cinan, a great City in China, in the Province of Xantum, in the North-East of that Kingdom, in Long. 145. Lat. 36. It is adorned with divers stately Pa∣laces and Pagods. The Jesuits have also a Church here: and nine and twenty other Cities lie under the Jurisdiction of this.

Cinca or Cinga, a River of the Kingdom of Ara∣gon in Spain, springing from the Pyrenees below Bi∣elsa; afterwards joining the Segre about Fraga, and ending with the Ebro. Lucan styles it Cinga rapax.

Ciucheu, see Quancheu.

Cingary, a People of Africa.

Cingcheu, a great City in the Province of Xan∣tung in China, with a Territory containing thirteen Cities more. The Territory is full of Hills, yet not defective in the Necessaries of Life.

Ciolfa or Zulpha, a Town of Armenia upon the River Aras; desolated by Scha-Abas King of Persia, and all the Inhabitants carried away into Persia and setled in Gilan and Hispahan there, for to promote the Trade of Silks.

Cioutat, a fair Town and a secure Port in Provence in France, betwixt Marseilles and Thoulon; adorned with divers Churches and Religious Houses. Parti∣cularly, at a Monastery of the Services hard by it, there is a remarkable Fountain ebbing and flowing with the Sea. The Name is but a Corruption of Civitas.

Ciradio, a River of Corsica.

Circassia, is a vast space of ground extended from the Cimmerian Bosphorus and the Fens of Maeotis on the Eastern Shoars of the Euxine Sea, for the space of five hundred Miles; reaching two hundred towards the North. A Country fitly seated for Trade, but possessed by most Barbarous Tartars who delight only in War and roving: they pretend to something of Christianity, having been converted in the eighth Century; but then they never enter the Church till they are old, serving the Devil in their Youth and God in their Age, when they can neither Rob nor Murder any longer. Olearius placeth them upon the Western Shoar of the Caspian Sea. They are subject for the most part to the Grand Czar.

Cirencester, Corinium, Durocornovium, Cornovi∣um, an old Roman City in Glocestershire, upon the River Churne, about twelve Miles South-East of Glo∣cester. Here the four Proconsular ways made by the Romans, crossed each other; and vast numbers of Roman Coins, Inscriptions, &c. have been digged up. But this City was so ruined by the Saxons and Danes, that what is walled in, is not a fourth part of it inha∣bited; the rest being Fields and Orchards: the Inha∣bitants subsist mostly by Clothing. It was taken by Prince Rupert by Storm, Feb. 2. 1643.

Cirenza. See Acerenza.

Cirrha, an antient Town in Phocis upon the Gulph of Corinth near the City Delphes, to which it serv'd as a Port; giving the Name of Cirrhaeus Sinus to a Part of the same Gulph.

Cirte, or Cirtha, an antient City of Numidia in Africa; called afterwards Constantine, being the Ca∣pital of the Province of Constantine in the Kingdom of Algier. In this City, we read in Salust that Ju∣gurtha kill'd Adherbal the Son of Micipsa King of Numidia. It became an Episcopal See in the Primi∣tive Ages of Christianity. A Council was assembled at it in 303. by Secundus Primate of Numidia, where∣in almost all the Bishops of that Province were convi∣cted of the Crime of Traditores, that is, delivering up their Bibles to the Infidels in Persecution A Se∣cond in 412. whereat S. Austin assisted.

Cithaeron, a Mountain of Boeotia consecrated a∣mongst the antient Poets to Bacchus.

Citta di Castello, Tifernum, Tiberinum, a Town in the Dukedom de Ʋrbino, in the Ecclesiastical State, upon the River Tiber, 10 Miles from S. Sepul∣cher. It has a small Territory annexed to it, called il Contado di Castello, under the Popes Dominion; of which this City is the Capital.

Citta di Chieti, Teatea, a City in the hither Ab∣ruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, near the River Pes∣cara, 7 or 8 Miles from the Adriatick. Whence

the Order of the Religious Theatines derives their Ap∣pellation; one of their Founders having sometime been Bishop hereof.

Citta-Ducale or Reale, a City in the further Abruz∣zo in the Kingdom of Naples, being a Bishop's See un∣der the Archbishop of Chieti. It stands upon the Ri∣ver Velino, 15 Miles from Aquila, within the States of the Church.

Citta Nova, a City of Histria in Italy, with a Bi∣shop's See under the Archbishop of Aquileia, at the fall of the River Quieto into the Adriatick: In a bad Air and consequently little inhabited. Called Nova because built since, and a little below the Ruines of the antient Aemonia.

Citta della Pieve, Civitas Plebis, a small Town in the Perugine in Italy belonging to the Ecclesiasti∣cal State.

Citta di Sole, a well fortified Town in the Pro∣vince of Romagna in Italy upon the little River Fag∣none, belonging to the Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Citta Vecchia, Medina, or Melita, a City in the Island of Maltha, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Palermo, situated upon a Hill in the middle of the Island, having formerly been the Capi∣tal thereof.

Cittadelli, Cittadella, the Capital Town with a Port and some Fortifications of the Island of Mi∣norca.

Civdad Real, a City in the Province of Chiapa (thence▪ commonly it self call'd Chiapa) in the South America, being a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Mexico; whereof the famous Bartholomeo della Casa was Bishop in the last Age. § There is of this Name a Town in New Castile in Spain, upon the River Guadiana, between Calatroua and Almagra. The same is a large Town in a fruitful Plain, but not very well peopled.

Civdad-Rodrigo, a City of the Kingdom of Leon in Spain upon the River Agujar and the Frontiers of Portugal. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbi∣shop of Compostella. Supposed to have been built by Ferdinand II. in the Year 1200. for a Rampart against the Portugueze.

Civencheu, a great City in the Province of Fokien in China, with a Territory of the same Name annexed to it, commanding six old Cities. This City is extra∣ordinarily traded; and in its Temples, Palaces, triumphant Arches and Houses, appears an admi∣rable and magnificent Place. A little West of it is to be seen the Bridge of Loyang over the River Loyang, 360 Perches long, about one and an half broad, so curiously contrived with great Pillars instead of Ar∣ches, and so finely imbellished with Sculptures, as no where to find a Parallel in the World.

Cividad del Roy Philippo, a Colony of Spaniards planted in Magellanica, at the Mouth of the Streights of Magellan; but dissipated by Famine again, it being far remote from their Countries and seldom vi∣sited.

Civita Nova, a small Town in the Marcha Anco∣nitana in Italy 5 or 6 Miles from Loretto, and near the Adriatick, upon a Hill; dignified with the Title of a Dukedom.

Civita Busella, Bucellum, a Town in the hither A∣bruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples upon the River Sangro.

Civita Vecchia, a famous Port in S. Peter's Patri∣mony in Italy; believed by some to be the Centum Cellae of the Antients.

Civitella, a Town in the farther Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, upon a Rock, with the River Librata at the Foot of it. Besieged by the French in 1557. under the Duke of Guise in vain.

Clagenfurt, Clagenfurtum, Claudia, the Capital Town of the Dutchy of Carinthia in Germany, •• Leagues from the River Drave, and the same Distance from S. Veir. There is a great Lake near it. It is a fortified Town. See Klagenfurt.

Clain, Clanis, Clitis, a River of the Province of Poictou in France, which having received the Vonne, the Cloūere, &c. passes by Poictiers, and loses its Name at length in the Vienne below Chasteleraud.

Clairvaux, Clarevallum, a famous Abbey of Champaigne, upon the River Aube, in the Diocese of Langres, 5 or 6 Leagues from the said City: Foun∣ded in the Year 1115. by the Great S. Bernard: Him∣self being the first Abbot: Who left above ••00 Reli∣gious in it at his Death. Hence the Title of Abbas Cla∣revallensis given that very Divine Person.

Clare, Clarence, Clarentia, a Country-Village in the County of Suffolk, upon the River Stour which divideth Essex from Suffolk; about 6 Miles West of Sudbury. It had once a Castle, but now ruined; yet famous for the great Men who have born the Titles of Earls or Duke of it: The last of which was George Duke of Clarence, Brother to Edward IV. King of England, who in 1421. was drowned in a Butt of Malmesey. The second King at Arms retains the Surname of Clarencieux, as appertaining for∣merly to the Dukes of Clarence. At present the Title of Earl of Clare, is in the Family of Hollis. § There is also a Town and County in the Province of Connaught in Ireland, of this Name; the former standing near the Fall of the River Fergus into the Shannon.

Clarendon, or Clarindon, is a Noble Country House and Park, belonging heretofore to the Kings of England, about 2 Miles North of Salisbury in Wilt∣shire. Famous of old, for a Parliament here held in 1164. where were made the Constitutions of Clarin∣don. Charles II. of blessed Memory added a new and lasting Honor to this Place, when April 20. 1661. three Days before his Coronation, he created the Loyal Edward Hide (late Lord Chancellor) Earl of Clar••n∣don, Viscount Cornbury, &c. who dying at Roüen in Normandy in 1674. was succeeded by Henry his eldest Son, a Person of great Virtue and Goodness.

Clarentia, or Clarenza, a Country in the Morea, described to contain the antient Achaia, (properly so called) Sicyonia and Corinth. Heretofore renowned under particular Dukes of its own. The capital City bears the same Name of Clarenza.

Claros, a mountainous Island of the Aegean Sea, consecrated in antient times to Apollo. Called at pre∣sent Calamo. § The Name of Claros is likewise born by a Town, now unknown; but mentioned we find amongst the Antients, as belonging to the Colophonii in Ionia: Apollo having had an Oracle in it, and his Attribute thence deriv'd of Clarius Deus.

Claven, Cleven, Clavenna, a small City in the Val∣toline, with an Earldom call'd by the Germans the Graffschaft von Cleven. This City stands 5 Leagues from the Lake that bears its Name, to the North, up∣on the River Maiera; called by the French, Chia∣venne.

Clausenbourg, Claudipolis, called by the Inhabi∣tants Coloswar, is the principal Town in Transylvania; great▪ populous, and ennobled with an antient Castle. All the Publick Affairs of that Principality are transa∣cted, and Justice administred here. It stands upon the River Samosch, nine German Miles from A'ba Jùlia North, and fifteen from Waradin East. The Duke of Lorrain put into it an Imperial Garrison, Oct. 19. 1687. upon Articles agreed in a peaceable manner by the Magistrates and Governor for the late Prince Abafti.

Clay, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk and the Hundred of Holt.

Clazomenae, the Birth-place of the Philosopher Anaxagoras; an antient City of Ionia in Asia Mi∣nor, built in the Year of Rome 98. upon the Aegeun Sea, betwixt Smyrna and Chio.

Clebu••g Mortimer, a Market-Town in Shrop∣shire, in the Hundred of Stottesden.

Clerac, or Clairac, a Town in the County of A∣gennois, in Guyenne in France; 4 Leagues from A∣gen, and the same Distance from Nerac. It stands upon the River Lot which a little below falls into the Garonne. And has a famous Abbey in it.

Clermont en Argene, a Town in the Dukedom of Bar, upon the River Ayr, four Leagues from Ver∣dun West, and seven from Barleduc North-East. This belongeth to the Duke of Lorrain, but in 1654. was taken from him, and annexed to the Crown of France. It is honoured with the Title of an Earldom.

Clermont en Auvergne, Arvernae, Claromons, Cla∣romontium; the principal City of the Province of Auvergne, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourges. It stands upon a declining ground in a Territory called Limaigne, which is very fruitful, up∣on the River Tiretaine; twenty Leagues South of Mou∣lins, and twenty five East of Limoges. Here was a Gene∣ral Council celebrated in 1095. under Pope Ʋrban II. in which the Croisade for the recovery of the Holy Land was concluded, and Godfrey of Bouillon decla∣red General of the same. Also Philip I. King of France was excommunicated, until his repentance, for Adultery. This is thought to have arisen out of the Ruines of Gergovia, an old Roman Town. It is ho∣noured with the Title of an Earldom belonging to the Crown ever since the Union of Auvergne with the Crown.

Clermont on Beauvais, a Town in the Isle of France, five Leagues South of Beauvais▪ in the North-East Border of that County. The Earldom of this place is famous for giving a beginning to the Royal House of Bourbon, in the Person of Robert of France, Earl of Clormont en Beavais, the Son of St. Lewis.

Clermont de Lodeve. a Town in Languedoc up∣on the River Lorgue, four and twenty Leagues from Avignon West. So distinguished, because standing in the Diocese of Lodeve. It gives Name to an Ho∣nourable Family, and is beautified with a Collegiate Church, a Cattle, and some Monasteries. § There are other Clermonts in this Kingdom: One in Dan∣phine in the Territory of Viennois, giving the Title of an Earldom, and its Name to an Honourable Fa∣mily. Another in the Province of Ansou, from which there is also a House of Quality denominated.

Cleri, Clariacum, a small Town near Orleans upon the Borders of the Province of Sologne in France; where Lewis XI. lies interred in a Church dedicated to the Virgin, of his own establishment; pretending to Miracles.

Cleveland, a Tract in the North Riding of York∣shire of good extent, taking its Name (says Mr. Camb∣den) from the Cliffs running along the side of it, at whose feet the Country spreads it self into a fine fruitful Plain. King Charles I. did this place the ho∣nour to make it give the Title of an Earl to Thomas Lord We••••••••orth: who dying without issue, King Charles II. created Barbara Villiers Daughter to the Lord Viscount Grandison (who was slain in the Civil Wars) and Wife to the present Earl of Castlemain, Dutchess of Cleveland.

Cleves, Clivia, Castra Ʋlpia, Calonis, a City and Dukedom in Germany; called by the Inhabitants Cleef; by the French, Cleves; and seated upon a small River about three Miles from the Rhine. Hereto∣fore much greater, as appeareth by the Ruines about it; and thought to have been built by Caesar. The last Duke dying in 1609. a War happened, in which the Duke of Brandenburg seized one part of this Duke∣dom, and the Duke of Newburgh another: the Hol∣landers in the mean time by Mauritius their General in 1628. seized the City of Cleves. But in 1672. the French having taken this and all the other Towns possessed by the Hollanders, and in 1673. being no longer able to keep them, he put them into the hands of the Duke of Brandenburgh. The Dukedom of Cleves is bounded on the North and West with the Dukedom of Guelderland; on the East by the Bi∣shoprick of Munster, and the Earldom of Marck; on the South with the Dukedom of Berghe, and the Bi∣shoprick of Cologne. The Rhine divides it into two equal parts.

Clichy, Clipiacum, a small Village near Paris, which the former Kings of France delighted in as a place of Pleasure. King John instituted the Order of the Knights of the Star in it. Dagobert I. was here married to Commentrude or Gomatrude his first Wife, from whom he was afterwards divorced, because she proved barren. A Synod was also held here in 659.

Cliff Kings, a Market Town in Northampton∣shire in the Hundred of Willibrook.

Climeno, a Port in the Island of Sancta Maura, on the Coast of Epirus, thirty English Miles North of Samo. Here the Venetian Fleet rendezvoused in the year 1687. See Mr. Wheeler, pag. 36.

Clin, an important Fortress in Dalmatia not far from Scardona; surrendred to the Venetian Forces, commanded by General Cornaro, Sep. 12. 1688. after a fortnights Siege; whereupon 150 Christian Slaves received their Liberty.

Clissa, a Fortress in Dalmatia, taken by the Ve∣netians in 1648.

Clitheroe, A Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Blackburn, which returns two Members of Parliament.

Clitumno, Clitumnus, is a small River in the State of the Church in Italy; it ariseth in a place called Le Vene, from three Springs beneath the Village Cam∣pello, two Miles from Trevi; and running West∣ward, watereth Fuligne; then falls into the Topino, which entereth the Tiber five Miles beneath Pe∣rugia.

Clogher, Cloceria, a small City and Bishoprick un∣der the Archbishop of Armagh in the County of Ty∣rone, in the Province of Ʋlster, upon the River Black VVater: fifteen Miles East of the Lake of Earne, and twenty five West of Armagh.

Cloucy, Clona, an old ruined City in the County of Cork in the Province of Munster, fifteen Miles from Lismore South, and twenty five from Cork South-East. Heretofore a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of T••am, but now a Village.

Clonefert, Clonefertia, a small ruined Irish City in the County of Gallway, in the Province of Con∣naught, upon the Shannon; fifteen Miles from Gall∣way East, and twelve from Athlone South. This was a Bishoprick under the same Archbishop with the former.

Clonmel, the Assize-Town for the County Pala∣tine of Tipperary in the Province of Munster in Ire∣land, upon the River Showre; considerably strong, handsome, and rich.

Cluid or Clyd, Glota, Cluda, is one of the princi∣pal Rivers in Scotland; it riseth in Craufurdmuir, not far from the head of Twede; and running North-West by Lanrick, passeth by Glasquo; fifteen Miles beneath which, it falls into Dunbrittainfyrth: it gives Name to Cluisdale, Cluesdalia, Glottiana, or the Valley of Cluid. § Cluid, a River in Denbighshire, which passeth on the West of Ruthin and S. Asaph, through the delightful, fruitful and healthful Valley of Cluid, to the Irish Sea; which it entereth five Miles

beneath S. Asaph, carrying with it the Streams of ten other small Rivers.

Cluny, Cluniacum, a famous Abbey of the Bene∣dictines in the Territory of Masconnois within the Dukedom of Burgundy, founded in the year 910. It gives Name to a small Town upon the Grosne, four Leagues from Mascon. The Popes, Gregory VII. Ʋr∣ban II. and Paschal II. with a great number of Cardi∣nals and Bishops have been given to the Roman Church by this Abbey; which is so very large a Foundation, that we find it lodged at once, S. Lewis King of France, Baldwin Emperour of Constantinople, Pope Inno∣cent IV. the two Patriarchs of Antioch and Constan∣tinople, twelve Cardinals, three Archbishops, and abun∣dance of Secular and Ecclesiastical Nobility of their Relations and Attendants, without obliging the Reli∣gious to quit any of their ordinary Apartments, in the year 1245 after the Celebration of the first Gene∣ral Council of Lyons.

Clusium, or Chiusi, a City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, with a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop of Sienna, upon the Borders of the Ecclesia∣stical States. It stands in a Valley called Chiana near a Lake of the same Name, and heretofore was the Capital of Hetruria under King Porsenna; call'd like∣wise Camers, says Livy. This is a different place from Chiusi novo in the same Dukedom, which stands to∣wards the Sources of the Tiber.

Cnidus, see Gnido.

Coa, Cuda, a River of Portugal which riseth East of Guarda, and falls into the Douro at Almendra, a Village about ten Spanish Miles East of Lamego.

Coanza, a River in the South part of the King∣dom of Congo in Africa; springing from the Lake of Zaire, and thence running to throw it self into the Aethiopick Ocean near the Isle of Loanda.

Coblentz, Cobolentz, Confluentes, a strong and po∣pulous City, seated where the Moselle and the Rhine meet, twelve Miles North-East of Trier, and ten from Cologne to the South. Heretofore an Imperial Free Town, but in 1312. by Henry VII. exempt, and now subject to the Elector of Tri••r••▪ A••••u••phus one of these Electors in 1250. first walled it. Gaspar à Pe∣tra, another of later times, much improved its Forti∣fications by drawing a Line from one River to the other, with Fortifications after the most regular Mo∣dern way. The situation hereof is very pleasant, ha∣ving a Stone Bridge over the Moselle, and another of Boats over the Rhine; and on the opposite Shoar of the Rhine, a very Noble Palace of the Electors; two large Wings of which, and the Front, with five Pavilions, stand towards the River. In the German Wars, the Spaniards put a Garrison into this Town, which was beaten out by the S••edes: and when the French had in later times wheedled the Elector out of his strong Castle, the Emperour's Forces seized upon the Elector (Philippus Christoph••rus) and carried him away to Vienna. In ••60. ••••nder Charles the Bald, here was a Council, or Diet held •• and in 922. another under Henry II. The Marquis de Bous••••er•• came before it in November 1688. with seven or eight thousand French; but retired with the satisfaction only of ha∣ving shot into it •••• great •••• any Bombs.

Coblentz, a Village in Switzerland upon the Rhine, where the Arola [A••r] fall•• into it, in the Borders of Schu••••••••n, seven Miles from Basll to the West.

Cobourg, Melocatus, a small Town in Fra••co••••a upon the River Itsch, in the County of Henneberg, and in the Borders of Thi••••ingen, under the Dukes of Saxony; which has also a fine Castle. It stands 8 Miles from Smaleald to the South-East, and 5 from Bamberg to the North.

Cocas, Cochias, Caucasus, a Mountain in Asia.

Cocco, Laus, a River of Calabria.

Cochin, Cochinum, a City of the East-Indies, near the Promontory of Malabar; called by the Por∣tuguese Cochim, by the Italians Cochino; the Capital of a Kingdom of that Name, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Goa. It has a large Haven and Fort called S. James's Fort, built by the Portuguese in 1503. The Country is very well watered and fruit∣ful; antiently called Colchi as some think; but how∣ever the Portuguese were Masters of it ever since they built that Fort, till 1663; when the Hollunders took it from them. The Kings of this City have always born a great Kindness for the Portuguese: And when at first the King of Calecut would have destroyed them, he took part with them against him, and pro∣tected them; and when the Hollanders had beaten them out, the present King refused to be Crowned in the usual Place, till the Portuguese were restored to it. This City stands 36 Leagues from Calecut to the South, and is watered by a fine River. The Country about it yields much Pepper. Those they call the Christians of S. Thomas have the Liberty of their Religion here; using an Office of the Chaldean Language. Long. 105. 00. Lat. 10 00. There is another Town of the same Name in the Island of Lemnia, but now ruin'd.

Cochin-China, call'd by the Inhabitants Cachucy∣na, and by the Portuguese Cauchin-China, or Couchin-China, is the most Easterly Kingdom in the East-Indies, on the Continent; bounded on the North by the Kingdom of Tungking, on the West by a People called Kemis and its own Desarts, on the South by Tsiompa or Ciampa, and on the East it has a vast Bay of the Ocean, call'd after its own Name, the Gulph or Bay of Cochin-China, opposite to the Isle of Hai∣nan. Alexander de Rhodes, a French ••esuit, has lately given a large Account of this Country, which is subject to a King of its own; and stands divided into si•• Provinces, each under a subordinate Governour.

Cockermouth, a Market-Town in the County of Cumberland, situated upon the River Cocker, near its fall into the Derwent; by which two Rivers it is al∣most surrounded. About 8 Miles from the Sea, with a Castle upon one of the Hills adjoining to it.

Cocytus, the antient Name of two Rivers; the one in the Kingdom of Epirus, the other near the Lake of Averno in Italy. The Poets call one of their four fictitious Rivers of Hell by this Name.

Coclosyria, the Region betwixt the Mountains Li∣banus and Antilibanus in Asia, in which the River Orontes springeth.

Coesfield, a small but strong City of Westphalia, upon the River Berkel; about 5 German Miles from Munster to the North. The Bishop of Munster doth often relide in this Place.

Coetquen, or Coesquen, a Town and Castle in Brittany, near Dinan••, which gives name to a Family of Honor. Henry III. advanc'd it to the Dignity of a Marqinsate in 1575.

Coeworden, Coevorden, Baduhennae Luc••s, Co∣vordia, is a very strong and fortified Town in the Prov••••••e of Overyssel in the Low-Countries▪ the prin∣cipal Town of Dren••e, standing in the Marshes near the Borders of the Bishoprick of Munster, who has for∣merly possessed it; but it is now in the Hands of the Du••oh; it lies about a Mile from the River Ve••••t, (Vi∣dru••,) and two from Hardenberg to the South-East. It was often taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of the Low-Countries.

Coggeshal, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hun∣dred of Lexden.

Cognac, Con••cuin, Campiniac••m; a Town in the Dukedom of Angoumo••s in France, upon the River Chara••te, betwixt Jarna•• and X••••ntes. It stands in a fine fruitful Soil, for Wine especially. Francis I.

King of France, being born here, built it a Fortress. In the Year 1238. there was a Council held at it. In the Civil Wars of France it was taken and retaken: Ne∣vertheless accounted a place of Strength.

Cogni, Iconium, a City of Cappadocia, in the Lesser Asia. which is now great and well peopled; the See of an Archbishop, under the Patriarch of Con∣stantinople; the Capital of Carmania, and the Seat of a Turkish Bassa. Still made more famous in 1658. by a Victory obtain'd against a Bassa Rebel. It lies over against the Western Cape of Cyprus, about 30 German Miles from the shoars of the Mediterranean Sea. In the Year 256. a famous Council of the Bishops of Cappadocia, Galatia, Cilicia, and the neighbour∣ing Provinces was held here, declaring the Baptism of Hereticks null; an Opinion which occasioned great and long Dissentions afterwards amongst Christians.

Cogoreto, a small Town upon the Coast of Ge∣noua, where Christopher Columbo the Discoverer of the New World was born. It lies 10 Miles East of Savona, and is under the Republick of Genoua.

Cohan, Albanus, a River of Albania.

Coimbra, Commbrica, a City of Portugal, men∣tioned by Antoninus, but now destroy'd. There is a∣nother call'd by that Name in the Province of Beira, which sprung out of the Ruines of the former. It is built upon a Rock, and therefore sometimes called Aeminium; upon the River Munda (now Mendego;) 32 Leagues from Lisbon to the North, and is a Bi∣shop's See under the Archbishop of Braga. In 1550. John III. King of Portugal removed hither the Uni∣versity, which had been settled before at Lisbon. Se∣ven Kings of Portugal were born and three died here. It has the Honor also to bear the Title of a Dukedom.

Coire, Chur, Choira, the capital City of the Country of the Grisons, upon the River Plessur, a little below the Rhine; between Chiavenne, Glaris, and Appenzel. The Grisons ordinarily hold their Diets at it. Though the inhabitants profess the Opinions of Zuinglius; yet they allow a Toleration to a few Ro∣man Catholicks under a Bishop residing at Marsoila, but taking his Title from hence; who is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Mentz, and has the Honor to be a Prince of the Empire.

Coisnon, Coetus, a River of France.

Colachz, Araxes, a River of Armenia.

Colalto, a Town and Castle in the Marcha Trevi∣sana in Italy, dignified with the Title of an Earldom.

Colan. See Coulan.

Colberg, a Town or small City in the Dukedom of Pomerania, upon the shoars of the Baltick Sea, ha∣ving a strong Castle at the Mouth of the River Persant; six German Miles from Coslin to the West, and three from Treptow to the East. This Town was taken from the Swedes in 1641. by the Duke of Branden∣burg after a tedious Siege; and confirmed to him since by the Treaty of Westphalia. The making of Salt here has rendred it considerable. Long. 38. 12. Lat. 54. 20.

Colchester, Colonia, Colcestria, a considerable Town or City in Essex, mentioned by Antoninus by the Name of Colonia: Seated on the Ascent of a steep Hill, upon the Southern Bank of the River Colne, from whence it takes its Name. It has had fifteen Churches within the Wall, and one without, which Eudo Sewer to Henry I. built in 1105. There is also a Castle built by Edward Son of Alfred. The Inha∣bitants pretend that Helen the Mother of Constantine the Great was born and brought up here; and that she was the Daughter of an imaginary King Coel, who lent his Name to their Town. Being fallen into great Po∣verty and Decay in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, She settled the Bays-Trade here, which has infinitely enriched and peopled it. It was first seized by the Royal Party, June 13. 1648. then besieg'd by the Parliaments Forces till Aug. 28. following, and forced to surrender by Famine; when, not contented to sine the Inhabitants 14000. l. (to which the Factious con∣tributed nothing;) they shot Sir Charles Lucas, and Sir George Lisle to death under the Castle, who were the Chief Commanders. Many of the Churches also were ruined in the Siege, which now stand as sad Mo∣numents of Fanatick Fury, and Rebellious Rage. The Right Honorable Thomas Savage, Earl of Rivers, is Vicount of Colchester. § There is another Town called Colchester in Northumberland.

Coldingham, Coldana, a small Town in Merch or Mers in Scotland, in the South-East Part of that Nation; famous for the Chastity of its Nuns, in the times of the Danish Wars, mentioned by Bede; if the same with Cold-stream. And no less famous for the Encampment of the late Duke of Albemarle there, when with the Forces of Scotland, he marched for the Redemption of England from Anarchy and Slavery.

Colebrook, a Market-Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Stock upon the River Coln.

Coleshill, a Market-Town in Warwickshire in the Hundred of Hemlingford upon the River Cole. The Lord Digby has a Seat near this place.

Colford, a Market-Town in Glocestershire in the Hundred of Briavells.

Coligni, a Town in the Franche Comté, adorn'd with the Title of an Earldom, and giving name to a Family of Honour there. It is epitheted Coligni the Old, to distinguish it from Coligni the New, in the Province of Bresse. Some believe it was one of the Colonies that the Romans established amongst the an∣cient Gauls.

Colla••, a rich and trafficking Town of the King∣dom of Peru in the South America, two Leagues from Lima, to which it serves as a Port properly, wherein a large Fleet rides in safety.

Colli, a small City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Flo∣rence. So called from its Situation upon a little Hill about fifteen Miles from Sienna.

Collo, Ampsaga, Alcol, a great River in Maurita∣nia, (now the Kingdom of Algier,) the Mouth of which is at Culhu in Africa.

Collorede, a Gastle in the Province of Friuli in Italy, giving its Name to an honourable Family.

Colmar, Colmaria, a City of Alsatia Superior, which is the Capital of that Country: It sprung out of the Ruins of an old Roman Town called Colonia Ar∣gentuaria; and stands upon the Rivers Lauch, Durus, Fetcht, and Illa, two German Miles from Brisach to the West. Once an Imperial Free City, fine and strong; but now in the Hands of the French, who in 1673. dismantled it: It is situate in a fruitful Plain.

Colmars, Colmartium, a strong Town in Provence, upon the River Verdon, eight Leagues from Digne to the East, and as many from Sens to the North-East. This Town suffered very much by Fire in 1672.

Colme, a River of Flanders, which runs by St. Vinox.

Colne, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hun∣dred of Blackburn; upon a little Hill. § Also a Ri∣ver of Buckinghamshire, which severs part of that County from Middlesex.

Colochina, a Sea-Port-Town on the South of the Morea; about ten Italian Miles South of Misiera, or Sparta: which gives Name to the Eastern Bay, next Cape Matapan.

Colocza, Colocia, ad Statuas Colossas, a City and Archbishoprick in the Kingdom of Hungary, upon the

Danube, about ten Miles from Buda, eighteen from Segedin. This Town has been in a ruinous condition; but being recovered by the Emperor from the Turks in 1686. it is hoped it may in time return into its ancient Prosperity.

Cologne, Colonia Agrippina, Colonia Ʋbiorum, called by the Inhabitants Coln, is an Archbishop's See in the Empire of Germany, whose Bishop is an Ele∣ctor; yet the City an Hanse Town, and one of the biggest in Germany, sixteen Miles South of Maestricht. The Name of Agrippina comes from the Mother of Nero, who being born here sent a Colony to it, as a Testi∣mony of her Greatness. It is not only a great and strong, but a rich and populous City, and lies in the Form of an Half-Moon, upon the Rhine. Therefore sometimes entituled the Rome of Germany. They reckon 365 Churches, great and small, in it; amongst which you see the Tombs of the three pretended Kings that vi∣fited our Saviour in his Cradle by the Guidance of a Star: Commonly called the three Kings of Cologne, because of these their Relicks brought hither from Mi∣ban and to Milan from Constantinople, as they tell you. The famous S. Brunb, the Carthusian, was born here. Divers small Councils have been assembed at it. Pope Ʋrban VI. in 1388. erected here an University. It was under the French from the Expulsion of the Romans, to the Reign of Otho I. since when it has been under its Archbishops▪ Of very ancient times it was a great Favourer of the Reformation. And in the last Age two of its Archbishops embraced that Church. The Learned Dr. Edward Brown has given it a noble Description in his Travels, pag. 113. and to him I must refer the Reader. Of the Election of the Cardinal of Furstemburgh to this See, vide Bonne. Long. 28. 31. Lat. 50. 55.

Colomey, Coloma, a City of the Black Russia, in the Province of Pokutiae, upon the River Prat, to∣wards the Confines of Moldavia, nine Leagues from Halitz to the South. Having suffered very much from the Rebellious Cossacks, it is now become a Vil∣lage remarkable for nothing but its making Salt.

Colomiers, or Columiers, Colomeria, a small Town in the Province of Brie in France, upon the River Morine, five or six Leagues from Mea••x.

Colophon, an ancient City of Ionia in Asia the Less; now called Altobosco, and Belvedore; which has sometime been a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Edessa. It pretends with others to the Honour of giving Birth to Homer. And in the Days of Anti∣quity was particularly renowned for excellent Cavalry.

Colossis, or Colosse, an antient City of Phrygia in Asia the Less, upon the Confines of Caria and the River Licho. Now called Chonos by the Greeks. It has been an Episcopal, and afterwards an Archiepisco∣pal See. Made universally known by S. Paul's Epistle to the Primitive Christians that were here.

Coloswar. See Clansenburgh.

Columb Magna, a Market-Town in Cornwal, in the Hundred of Pider.

Columbo, a City in the Isle of Ceylan, in the East-Indies, built by the Portuguese, on the West Side of that Island; but taken from them some years since by the Hollanders.

Columpton, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Hayrudge.

Coluri, an Island in the Gulph of Engia, called formerly Salamine or Salamis; which pretends to the Honour of being the Birth-place of Homer; and is famous in ancient History for the Defeat of Xerxes's vast Fleet.

Colzim, a Mountain of the Desart of Gebel in the Kingdom of Egypt, a days Journey from the Red Sea. There is a Monastery of Religions standing upon it, called S. Anthony's.

Com. See ••om.

Coma, Como, Comum, and Novo Comum, a City in the Du••ohy of Milan, upon a Lake of the same Name, (a hundred Miles in Circuit, in Latin called Lar••••s Lacus) seventeen Miles North of Milan. It is a rich, large, and handsom City; and gave Birth to the ancient Poet Caecil••••s mentioned in Ca••ullus, to the younger Pliny, to the Historian Paulus Jovius, and to the late Pope Innocent XI▪ who was chosen Pope Sept. 21. 1676. and died Aug. 12. 1689. in his seventy eighth year.

Comachio, Comacula, a City of Romandiola, a Province of Italy, in the Dukedom of Fer••ard, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna▪ and under the Dominion of the Pope. It is little, and not well inhabited, by Reason of the badness of the Air; being seated in a Marsh amidst the Lakes that are made by the Po, three or four Miles from the Adria∣tick: giving Name to the Valley of Coma••chio. It lies twenty Miles from Ravenna to the North, and forty from Bologna to the East; and belongs to the See of Rome. The Venetians in 932. almost ruined it.

Comagena, the ancient Name of a Country in Sy∣ria; which, as we find in Josephus, was a Kingdom in the Time of Mar•• Anthony, who overcame (he says) Antiochus King of Comagena. Afterwards made by the Romans a Province: Its chief City being Samosata; a place famous for giving Birth to Lucian, and Paulus Sam••sa••e•••••••• the Patriarch of An••ioch.

Comana, an ancient City of the Kingdom of Pon∣tus in Asia the Less, upon the River Iris, having been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Neocaesa∣rea. And famous in the Times preceding Christianity, for a Temple dedicated to Bellona. § Another of Cappadocia upon the River Sarus, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Melitene.

Comania, a Country of Asia betwixt Georgia to the North, and the Tannais to the South; for the most part under the Turks and Moscovites. It enjoys a fertile Soil▪ but ill cultivated; the People chusing rather to live by Robbery than their honest Industry▪

Comb-Martin, a Market-Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Branton.

Comenolitari, Thessalia, a part of Maoedonia.

Comine, Cuminum, a small Island in the Sicilian Sea, belonging to the Order of the Knights of Malta, who have built a Castle in it. It lies betwixt Maltha and Gozo.

Cominges. See S. Ber•••• and de Cominges.

Commetcy, Commeroium, a small City in the Dukedom de Barrois, in Champaigne, six Leagues from Clermon•• to the South. It is seated on the West Side of the Moselle or Meuse.

Comm••ites, a Town and Castle in Flanders; up∣on the River Lis, near Messines, giving Name to an Honourable Family.

Como. See Coma.

Compiegne, Compendium, a City in the Isle of France, of good Esteem; in the County of Senlis, upon the River Oise, which a little lower falls into the Aisne; seventeen Leagues from Paris to the North, and five from Soissons to the West. In the year 833. King Lewis the Debonnaire, by the Conspi∣racy of his three Sons and the Sentence of a Council of Bishops here, was deposed▪ Clotharius the ••••••st King of France, and Lewis the Bald Emperor and King of France, died both here: the latter in 879. who built here also a Monastery, and adorned the City with so many magificer▪ Edi••••ces, that it was for some time called Carolopolis, or Charles ••••wn, from him.

Complutum. See Aleala. The Biblia Complu∣tensia have that Name after the old one of this.

Compostella, Brigantium, Janasum, Compostella, the Capital City of Galaecia in Spain, upon the River

Sar or Sardela; which in 1124. was by Pope Ca∣lixtus II. made an Archbishops See, instead of Meri∣da, then in the Hands of the Moors. The Bones of S. James the Apostle are said to rest here in a cele∣brated Church, thence called S. Jago di Compostella; the Steeple of which was built by Lewis XI. King of France, in 1483. But Alphonsus the Chast, King of Gallaecia, had erected the Body long before upon an Hill in 835. out of the Ruins of Ira Flavia, an old Roman Town. There is a small Castle and an Uni∣versity here: Alphonsus I. King of Castile was also here born: it stands thirteen Leagues from Cape Fi∣nisterre, the most Western Promontory of this part of Spain. Long. ••1. 00. Lat. 43. 00. by the Maps 8. 19. 43. 00.

Compostella Nueba, is a City of America in New-Spain, in the Province of Xalisco, not far from the South-Sea, an hundred Miles from Guadalaxara to the West. It was for some time a Bishops See; but being in a bad Air and barren Soil, the See was translated thence to Guadalaxara in 1570. They formerly call'd it Villa de Spiritu Santo.

Cona, Conos, see Colosse: a City of Phrygia, much celebrated of old; now ruined by the Turks.

Conca, Crustuminum, a small River of Ʋmbria in Italy, which riseth in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino from the Appenine near Leopoli, and falls into the Venetian Gulph, six Miles South-East of Rimino. There was heretofore a City of the same Name; now eaten up by the Sea.

Concarneau, Concarneum, a strong Town and Port in Britany in France, four Leagues from Quim∣perley to the East, saith Baudrand.

La Conception, a small City in America, in Paraguaia, at the fall of the River Ʋrvaig into Rio de la Plata: with another of the same Name in Chili, which is the most considerable place there, & the ordinary Residence of the Governour of the Province: walled and secu∣red with a strong Cittadel, upon the Pacifick Ocean, over against the Island of S. Vincent. § The Spani∣ards have given this Name to a Town by them built in the Province of Mechoacan in the Kingdom of Mexico, which secures the Road of Mechoacan to the Silver Mines of Zacateca; besides to divers others in Califernia, Hispaniola, &c.

Conches, a small Town in Normandy, three or four Leagues from Eureux, in a Territory called Ouche. There is an Abbey standing in it.

Concorde, a Country in the Terra Australis, be∣yond the Indian Ocean, call'd t'landt van Eendracht by the Hollanders, who discovered it in 1618. as they were searching a passage to go to the Moluccae's. luca's.

Concordia, a ruined City of the Province of Friuli in Italy, the Bishop whereof resides at Porto di Gruaro, and is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Aquileia. They write, it became abandoned in Attila's time.

Condapoli, a City in the Kingdom of Golconde in the Hither East-Indies, with a strong Fort upon a Mountain, betwixt the Cities Golconda and Canda∣vera.

Conde, Condate, an ancient Roman Town in Hai∣nault, upon the River Haisne, where it entreth the River Escault, two German Miles North of Valen∣ciennes. This, though a strong Town, was taken by the French in 1655. and lost in 1656. But Lewis XIV. retaking it in 1676. is still possessed of it. The Title of it has been, and is still, born by many of the Princes of the Blood Royal of France: there is a small Village of the Name also, seated about a Mile West from this fortified Town.

Conde sur Nereau, Condaeum ad Norallum, a Town in the Territory of Veuxin in Normandy upon the River Nereau, which soon after falls into the Orne, betwixt Vire, Falaise and Argentan.

Condom, Condomum, a small City, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux. It stands upon the small River Baise two Leagues from Nerac, four from the Guaronne, and six from Aux; in the Province of Guyenne: the Capital of the Territory of Condomois, and first made a Bishops See by Pope John XXII. in 1327. It was taken and much abused by the Huguenots in 1569. This is the Condomium Visconum of the Ancients. The late Bishop of Condom, now of Meaux, has made this City as remarkable and as much spoken of, by his Writings, as the greatest Town in Europe.

Condore, Condora, a Province in Russia, towards Tartaria deserta, in the North-East part of that Kingdom; bordering North upon the White Sea, East upon Obdora and Sibiria, South upon Per∣mia, and West upon the Province of Arch-Angel: extreamly cold, and but thinly inhabited, without Town or City of Note in it. The best and chiefest is call'd Wergaturia.

Condrieu, Condriacum, a pleasant Town at the foot of an Hill in Lionnois in France, upon the We∣stern Shoar of the Rhosne; two Leagues from Vienne to the South, and seven from Lion to the same Quar∣ter; famous for excellent Wines. Baudrand ob∣serves, that some write this Name Coindrieu, though improperly.

Congleton, a Market Town in Cheshire in the Hundred of Northwich upon the River Dane.

Conflent, a part of the County of Rousillon, near the Pyrenean Hills and Cretania; the chief Town of which is Villa Franca. Once a part of the Kingdom of Spain, but now under the Crown of France.

Congedo, Cogedus, a River of the Kingdom of Arragon, which falls into the Xalon near Baubula.

Congo, Congum, a Kingdom on the Western Shoar of Africa in the Lower Aethiopia; which by the Por∣tuguese is comprehended in the Lower Guinea, and was once very great; containing Congo, Angola, Me∣tamba, Cunda, Lulla, Anunda, and the Kingdom of Loangh in trust; which Countries are yet in some Maps ascribed to Congo, though it is above one hundred and fifty years since they revolted from it. Congo properly so called, is a small, but fruitful, well cultivated spot of Ground: on the West it has the Atlantick Ocean, on the South the Kingdom of Angola and Bengala; on the North the Kingdom of Loangh, and on the East the Kingdoms of Cangela and Metamba: watered with the Rivers Zaire, Co∣anza, and Lelunde. The principal City is S. Salva∣dor, where the King resides. He and the greatest part of his Subjects are Christians, under one Bishop. They have suffered very much from the Portuguese, and by Wars; as Bandrand acquaints us from Jacinthi à Vetralla, a Capuchin, who lived many years amongst them.

Coningsberg, Regi••mons, called by the Poles Krolowice, is a great City, the Capital of Prusia Du∣calis, and a Hanse Town, at the Mouth of the River Pregel, twenty Miles East of Elbing. It has a Castle and a fine Haven, and came into the hands of the Duke of Brandenburg in 1525. having before that time belonged to the Teutonick Order, who built it in 1260. Here was also an University opened in 1544. by Albert Duke of Prusia.

Coni, Cuneum, a City in Piedmont, called by the Inhabitants Cuno. It is seated at the conjunction of the Rivers Stura and Grez, thirty six Miles from the Port of Vintimilia upon the Mediterranean Sea Northward, and the same distance from Turino to the South, built in 1150: And in 1641. taken by the French, under the Duke de Hartcourt. But since

in the Possession of the Duke of Savoy. The French have besieged it in the present War under Monsieur Cattinat, but were forced to rise again, and leave it in the possession of its Duke.

Connaught, Connacia, is one of the four great Provinces of Ireland; bounded on the North by Ʋl∣ster, on the East by Leinster, on the South by Moun∣ster, and on the West by the great Western Ocean. It contains seven Counties, Slego, Mayo, Roscommon, Le∣trim, Longford, Gallway and Clare, or Tomound. Ptolomy calls its ancient Inhabitants, Gangani and Concani. Strabo, Coniaci and Conisci. When the Parliamentarians had fully subdued the Irish about 1655. they took up a resolution to transport all the Heritors of the Romish Religion into this Province; which is separated from the rest of Ireland by the River Shannon, and the Mountain of Curlewe; re∣serving to the English the Forts, Cities, and fortified Towns, the Passes, and the Sea Shoars for Garrisons; to secure them from any further Attempts of that Na∣tion; a Design which had been proposed before by Spencer, and thought easie; but it proved other∣wise. Elench. Motuum, Part 2.

Connor, Coneria, a small City in the Province of Ʋlster, in the County of Down, upon the Lake Cone, toward the North-West Corner of the said Lake: the Bishoprick is united to that of Down, under the Arch∣bishop of Armagh; sometime ago possessed by the Elo∣quent Dr. Jeremiah Taylor, who died Bishop of this Diocese.

Conquet, Conquestus, a fine Port in Britany in France, fourteen Leagues South of Brest. The Town though small, is neat, rich, and well built: taken by the English in 1416.

Conserans, Consorans, a Territory in the Ʋpper Gascogny, on the Borders of Languedoc, which bounds it to the East, as Cominges and de Foix doth to the West; having Catalonia on the South, which is divi∣ded from it by the Pyrenean Hills; and on the North, the Bishoprick of Pamiers. Its greatest extent is from North to South along the River Salatum. § Con∣serans, or S. Lizier de Conserans, Civitas Consoran∣norum, and fanum Sancti Licerii, the principal City lies upon the said River, about twelve Miles from Tholouse to the South. This City (though small) is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Aux, called by late Writers S. Lizier; but the People maintain the old Name of Conserans.

Constance, Constantia, Constantz, Constanza, is a famous City of Germany, upon the Boden Sea, or Lake of Constance, where the Rhine falls out of that Lake, seventeen Miles from Ʋlm to the South-West. A free Imperial City, though under the Protection of the House of Austria. It has its Name from Con∣stantius Clorus, the Father of Constantine the Great, and is a strong and populous City. There was a Coun∣cil held here in 1094. But that which has made it so very well known, and often spoken of, is the great Council in 1414. procured by Sigismund the Empe∣ror, which deposed three Popes at once, and elected a fourth, Pope Martin V. who owned the Papacy to be subject to a Council. In the fifteenth Session of this Council, the Errors of Wickliff were severally re∣cited and condemned. Also Sentence of Fire passed upon John Huss, non obstante his Grant of Safe-Conduct from the Emperour, which said Sentence was executed July 6. 1415. In the 21 Session they passed the like upon his Disciple, Jerom of Prague; and that also was accordingly executed May 30. 1416. The House of Austria got a footing in this City in 1558. and when the Swedes in 1634. attempted to drive them out by force of Arms, they miscarried. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mentz. The Bi∣shop is a Prince of the Empire. Long. 31. 30. Lat. 47. 30.

Constances, a City of Normandy. See Coutance.

Constantia Tomi, a City of Mysia Inferior, now Bulgaria, which lies upon the Sea.

Constantine, the Capital City of the Province of Constantine in the Kingdom of Algier, rich and well built, standing in a Soil that is exceeding fruitful of Corn. Some remains of the Works of the old Romans are yet extant here.

Constantinople, Constantinopolis, Byzantium, a City of Thrace, now called by the Turks Stamboul, by the Georgians Isthambouls, is the Capital of Ro∣mania (or Thrace)▪ and of the Turkish Empire. Of old called Byzantium; built by Pausanias King of Sparta 3469. Tho in truth, he was rather the Re∣pairer of it, than the Founder. Besieged by Philip the Macedonian; but relieved by the Persians and A∣thenians in 3610. Severus the Emperour having ruined it in 197, Constantine the Great rebuilt it about 331. and called it by its own Name; making it the Eastern Seat of the Empire, the Key or Bridge of Europe and Asia; and giving it the same Honors with Rome it self; upon which it grew quickly to an equality for Extent, Wealth, and People, with Rome. It continued the Seat of the Greek Empire to 1453. when being subdued by Mahomet II. in the Reign of the last Grecian Emperour, Constantine XV. the Son of another Helena (he bravely dying in the defence thereof), the Turks left Hadrianople, to settle here, and built the Dardanels for its Defence, on the Helle∣spont. Vid. Dardanelles. This City is of a Triangu∣lar form, walled with Brick and Stone, intermixed or∣derly; about nineteen Miles in Circumference; full of lofty Cypress Trees, so intermixed with the Buildings, that they contribute much to its Beauty, if seen from the Sea, or adjoining Mountains. Heretofore it aboun∣ded with the noblest Buildings in the World; but since it came into the hands of the Turks, all the private ones are sunk beneath their ancient Splendor; whilst the Publick retain something of it, after the violence this Pile has suffered from Fire, Time, War and Tyrants. The Haven is (saith Mr. Sandys) the fai∣rest, safest, and most profitable throughout the World; so conveniently deep, that the greatest Ships may lay their sides to the sides thereof, for the more easie re∣ceipt or discharge of their Burthen; so seated that no wind can blow, which brings not in some Ships or other to the furnishing of the City. The Bishop is a Patriarch, and by two General Councils, (the second of Constantinople, and that of Chalcedon), de∣creed to be Second in Order, but equal in Power and Honour to the Bishop of Rome; and acknowledged for such by the three other Patriarchs, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem. Many and great Contests, not to be repeated here, have been agitated, and still continue betwixt the See of Rome and this: and a great number of Councils held by it, as well of general as particular concern. It lies in Long. 56. 00. L••t. 40. 56.

Constantinow, Constantinova, a small Town in Volhinia in Poland, upon the River Horin, twenty five Polish Miles from Caminieck to the North-East. Near this place the Poles were beaten by the Revolted Cossacks in 1648. who possessed themselves of it, and committed great disorders: But in 1651. the Tide of Fortune turned, and the Poles beat the Cossacks in the same place.

Contessa, a considerable Sea-Port-Town on the Archipelago in Macedonia, sixty-five English Miles from Thessalonica to the East.

Conty, Contejum, seu Contiacum, a Borough in Picardy in France, upon the River Alce, which falls in the Somme, four Leagues from Amiens to the North-East, and five from Baupalme to the South-West. This place is honoured with the Title of a

Principality, and worn by a Branch of the House of Conde.

Conversano, Cupersanum, vel Conversanum, a Ci∣ty in Bari, a Province in the East of the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bari; distant fifteen Miles to the South from thence, as it is thirty from Taranto to the North. This City stands amongst the Mountains, and is of no great Circuit; but gives the Title of Earl to the Family of the A∣quaviva's.

Conway, a Market Town and Castle Royal in the County of Carnarvan in Wales, in the Hundred of Lechwed Issaph.

Conza, Consa, Compsaconsa, a small City in the Principatus Ʋlterior, in the Kingdom of Naples, which is an Archbishops See: it stands at the foot of the Appennine upon the River Ofanto; very small, twenty six Miles from Salerno East, and twenty five from Benevento to the South-East. The Archbi∣shop resides not in it (it consisting not of above two hundred and twenty Souls), but at S. Menna. This was the Country of the ancient Hirpini.

Coos, Cos, see Lango.

Copa, a Town upon a River so call'd of Asia, near the Lake Maeotis.

Copeland, the South part of the County of Cum∣berland, lying betwixt the Rivers Duddon and Der∣went in the Archdeaconry of Richmond and the Dio∣cese of Chester.

Copenhagen, Codania, Hafnia, Haphnia, called by the Inhabitants Klovenhaven, by the Germans Coppenhagen, by the Hollanders Kopenhaven, is the principal City of Denmark, the Capital of the Island of Zealand, great and well fortified. It stands on a Plain, with a new strong Castle, and a large Ha∣ven, upon the North-East Shoar of the Island, over against the County of Schonen. This City was of old called Stagelbourg, and afterwards Axelhus; and by the People had its present Name given it, which signi∣fies the Merchants-Haven: in 1161. here was an Uni∣versity erected, to which, by Pope Sixtus IV. the same Privileges were granted with those of the Uni∣versity of Bologna in Italy. In 1535. it received the Reformed Religion: in 1659. the Swedes besieged it in vain: in 1660. it was made an Archbishops See. It lies four Danish Leagues from Rotshilt to the East, and four from Elsenore to the South, in Long. 35. 20. Lat. 56. 28.

Cophtites, Coptae, a seperate Church of Christians in the Kingdom of Egypt under a Patriarch of their own; following the Opinions of Eutyches and Di∣oscorus to this day, notwithstanding the repeated en∣deavours of the Roman See to diswade them from that belief. The Patriarch takes the Title of Pa∣triarch of Alexandria, and keeps his Residence at a Monastery of S. Macarius about twenty Leagues from Cairo. The Abyssinians are in part submitted to this Church. They have many Monasteries in Egypt, and one particularly in the house whither Joseph and the Virgin with our Saviour retired, to fly the Per∣secution of Herod. They use the Trine Immersion in Baptism. Yet at Jerusalem, there is an Apart∣ment in the great Church of S. Sepulchre allotted for their use.

Copranitz or Caproncea, Copranitza, a strong Town in Sclavonia, which is one of the Bulwarks of the House of Austria against the Turks. It stands two Leagues from the Drave, four or five from Ca∣nisa, and the same distance from Waradin.

Corasan, Bactria, a Province of the Kingdom of Persia near upon the Caspian Sea, which is one of the greatest in that vast Kingdom, the most sertile and best for Trading. This Province has also several of the greatest Cities of Persia in it; as Mesched or Thus, incompassed with a Wall of three hundred Towers, at Musket shot distance each from other, fa∣med for the Sepulture of Iman Risa, one of the twelve Saints of Persia. Also Herat, a famous Mart, the Pass into the East-Indies is in this Province.

Corasmines, a People of Persia descended from the ancient Parthians, who fell upon Palestine in the twelfth Century (by permission from the Sultan of Egypt) with Fire and Sword, took Jerusalem, de∣stroyed above six thousand Christians, and likewise defeated the Army of the three Military Orders of Jerusalem in a Battel before Gaza (which held two days successively) in the year 1244. Yet this Race being driven out of Palestine by the Sultan of E∣gypt again, came to perish miserably by the hands of the Sarazens.

Corax, two Mountains of this Name are menti∣oned, the one in Aetolia, the other in Sarmatia, by the ancient Geographers. § There is a Lake so called in the Province of Mongul in Tartary.

Corbach, Corbachium, a Town in Hessen in Ger∣many, called by the Inhabitants Cuirbach; six Miles from Cassel to the East, and three from Waldec to the South-East, in the County of Waldeck. This was once a free Imperial City: but in 1396. the Count Wal∣deck seized it, and has it still in possession: in Long. 30. 31. Lat. 51. 20.

Corbeil, Corbelium, Josedum, a small Town upon the Sein, in the Government of the Isle of France, seven Miles from Paris to the South; and only ob∣servable on the account of the Bridge over the Seine; except that it sustains the Title of an Earldom; and that Ingeburde Wife to Philip the August King of France died here in 1236. The Huguenots attacqued this Town in vain in 1562.

Corbie, Corbeia, a little City in Picardy, upon the River Somme, which was heretofore well fortified, be∣ing then a Frontier Town. This has a Monastery foun∣ded by Bathilda Queen to Clovis II. King of France in 660. In 1637. it was taken by the Spaniards, but soon after recovered by the French; it stands sour Leagues from Amiens to the East; being dignified with the Title of an Earldom. § There is another place in Westphalia called Corbie by the French, but Corwey by the Germans. See Corwey: which is therefore call'd Corbeia nova, and the former Vetus for distinction in Latin Writers: or the one Gallica, the other Saxonica.

Corck, a County, City and Haven in Mounster in Ireland. The City is a Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Cashell, from which it lies thirty five Miles South, and about ten from Kingsale to the North. There are two other Bishopricks united to it for ever. The Wall and Castle of this City are considerably strong. Yet a Garrison of about 5000 Irish surren∣dred it to the English under the Earl of Marleborough, Sept. 28. 1690. after two or three days Siege, and were all made Prisoners of War.

Corcu, Eleusia, an Island near Cyprus.

Cordilleras, a Chain of Mountains near 1000 Leagues long to the East of the Kingdom of Chili in America, reaching from Peru as far as to the Streights of Magellan▪ and having divers considerable Mines in the Bowels of them, but extreamly cold up∣ward▪

La Tour de Cordovan, a famous and celebrated Light-House in Aquitain in France, at the Mouth of the Guaronne; built upon a small Rock, and encom∣passed with the Ocean; which was rebuilt with great Magnificence by the present King of France, in 1665.

Corduba, an ancient Roman Town in Andalusia in Spain, upon the River Quadalquivir (Baetis), twenty Leagues from Sevil to the East. This City being

then the Capital of one of the Kingdoms of the Moors, was recovered by the Spaniards from them in 1236. It is now a great walled City, seated in a fruitful Plain, with a delicate Stone Bridge over the River. This was the Country of the two Seneca's, Lucan, and Averroes, some of the greatest Men for Learning the World has known; yet more famous for Hosius the President of the first Nicene Council, (as afterwards of the Council of Sardica) and Bishop of Corduba. The Cathedral was a Mosch, built by the Moors; it has 365 Columns or Pillars of Black Marble, and twenty four Doors. This City suffered very much by an Earthquake in the year 1589. The Bishop is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Sevil. Long. 15. 40. Lat. 38. 00.

Corea, a Peninsula of the Kingdom of China, East of the Provinces of Xantung and Leaotung, and joined Northwards by the Kingdom of Ni••che in Tartary. It is of a very fruitful Soil for Corn and Rice. There are Mines of Gold and Silver discovered amongst the Mountains of it, and Pearl upon the Coasts. The In∣habitants use the like Customs and Religion with the Chinese. The Chinese call it Chaosien, the Ja∣paneze Corea. And it stands divided into eight Pro∣vinces.

Corene, Cyrene: See Cairoan.

Corfu, Corcyra, Phaeacia, Drepano, an Island in the Ioman Sea, or Gulph of Venice, upon the Coast of Epirus; about one hundred and twenty Miles in Cir∣cuit, and reckoned to contain ten thousand Souls, who are a rich and polite people; seventy Italian Miles from Cape S. Mary, the most South-Eastern Point of Italy, to the South-East. It is under the Dominion of the States of Venice, and has one City seated on the Eastern Shoar called by the same Name: which about one hundred years since (saith Mr. Wheeler) was no∣thing but an old Castle, and the present Suburbs of the Castati. But now it is a good large City, and an Archbishops See; well fortified with Walls on the South, and two Castles at the East and West Ends; the side towards the Harbour is not so well fortified, nor needs it. This Town would be almost impreg∣nable, were it not for a Rock that stands towards the the West, and commands the adjoining Fort, with a great part of the Town. Here resides the chief Go∣vour of the Venetian Islands both in Civil and Mili∣tary concerns. The Inhabitants are of the Greek Church, but much Latinized. The Soil not so fruit∣ful of Corn, as to supply the Inhabitants; but then it produceth Wine, Oil, and all sorts of good Fruit. In the year 1537. Solyman II. Emperour of the Turks sent his famous General Barberoasse with an Army of five and twenty thousand Men to make a Descent upon this Island, as they accordingly did: but were forced by the Venetians to an Inglorious Retreat thence again.

Cory, one of the chief Towns in Georgia, called Hermastis and Armactica, by the Latins. There is another of the same Name in Dalmatia, mentioned by Pliny and Ptolomy under the Name of Corinium; five or six Miles from Novigrod, upon a Hill: and a third in the Ecclesiastical State in Italy.

Coria, Caurium, Caurita, a City upon the River Alagnon in Old Castile, five or six Leagues from the Frontiers of Portugal. The Bishop of it is a Suffra∣gan to the Archbishop of Compostella.

Corinth, Corinthus, Heliopolis, a City of the Mo∣rea, which is an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople, built in the year of the World 3066. near the Isthmus, between the Ionian and Aegaean Seas. At first subject to Kings, but growing power∣ful and rich by Commerce, it became a Common∣wealth. Its situation affording it two Noble Ha∣vens to the East and West, it was the first City of Greece that set out Trireines, or great Gallies to Sea; by which it became the richest, and one of the most powerful Cities in all Greece: it treated the Roman Embassadors with that Insolence, that they decreed the total ruine of it; which was effected by L. Mum∣mius Achaius, 146. years before the Birth of our Savi∣our. Julius Caesar re-built it: S. Paul converted it to Christianity, and honoured it with two Epistles: and Clemens Romanus with a third, of the next im∣mediate antiquity and value. Thus it became the Metropolis of Achaia: in after-times it had Despots, or Princes of its own, from whom it passed to the Vene∣tians by their Grant. But in 1458. Mahomet II. dis∣possed that Republick of this Noble City; and they have since treated it with so much Tarkish cruelty, that there are not many Houses in it, inhabited by poor Men, rather out of necessity, than choice. It is hoped the Venetians may give it another resurre∣ction out of its desolation and ruines, they having recovered it in Aug. 1687. without opposition. They now call it vulgarly, Corantho. The old Acrocorin∣thus, a strong Cittadel built upon the top of a very high Hill, and the proud Curtezans here of higher prizes than for every one to give, it is supposed, severally or toge∣ther, occasioned the Proverb, Non licet omnibus adire Corinthum. Long. 49. 15. Lat. 38. 11. § Apol∣lodorus writes of three Corinths more: the first in Thessalia, the second in Epirus, the third in Elis.

Corlin, Corlinum, a City in Pomerania, subject the Duke of Brandenburg ever since 1648. upon the River Persant, three German Miles from the Baltick Sea, and five from Treptow to the East. It has a Castle, and was before subject to the Bishop of Camin.

Corneto, Cornuetum, a Bishops See in union with that of Monte Fiascone, subject only to the Pope, in the State of the Church; upon the River Marta, four Miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea, and forty six from Rome to the West; very little inhabited, being un∣healthfully seated.

Cornovaile, or Cornoaille, a Territory in Bri∣tany in France, called Corisopitum by the Latin Writers: the Capital of which, is Quimper-Co∣rantine.

Cornwall, Cornubia, Cornavii, Damnonii, is the most Western County of England. It has Devon∣shire on the East, from which the River Tamer parts it; and on all the other sides is surrounded with the Sea: For a long time the Store-house of Tin to the whole World, till in 1240. there were other Mines of this found in Misnia and Bohemia by a Cornish∣man. The Soil of this County is tolerably fruitful, but Mountainous. In some Rocks they find a sort of a Precious Stone, call'd the Cornish Diamond, shaped and polished by Nature, and many times as big as a Walnut: only not so hard as a Diamond of the right kind. The Inhabitants are the Reliques of the old Britains, and still retain their Language. It was by Edward II. in 1336. made a Dukedom, and given to his Son Edward; and has ever since be∣longed to the Eldest Son of the King of England, who is born Duke of Cornwall.

Coro, a City of South America, near the Sea, in the Province of Venezuela, under the Spaniards. It is built after the manner of Venice, upon a Lake, a∣mongst a number of little Islets. Thence often it self call'd Venezuela, or Little Venice.

Coromandel, a Kingdom on the East side of the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies: divided from the Malabars by the Mountains of Balagatta, which run from North to South to the Cape of Co∣mori: it lies along the Eastern Shoar an hundred Leagues in length. St. Thomas, a Town in 32. deg▪

of Latitude, is in this Kingdom; in which the Portu∣guese found Christians of the Greek Church, when they came first hither, who put the City into their Hands, and they enjoy it still: it hath many good Harbours, much frequented by the Europeans, espe∣cially in Winter. The Natives are yet for the most part stupid Pagan Idolaters, as Mr. Herbert saith, and and of a Dusky Complexion. This Country was di∣vided amongst many Princes; but at present is sub∣ject to one, (saith Mendelslo) who resides some times at Bisnagar and some times at Narsinga.

Coron, Corona, a Maritime City in the Morea, on the Southern Shoar, opposite to the Coast of Barba∣ry: it is situate on the richest and most fruitful Pro∣vince of this Country, called Belvedora, ten Miles by Land and twenty by Sea from Modon. The Venetian's built here in 1463. a great Tower for a Magazine; but they enjoyed it not long: for Bajazet II. took it after a Siege in 1498. It was attempted in 1533. by the famous Johni Doria Admiral of Spain, and taken; but could not be long kept. It was ta∣ken again by the Venetians after a sharp Siege in 1685. and may they long enjoy it. It is a very strong City, with a safe and large Haven; and in former times was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Patras.

Coronea, an ancient City of Boeotia in Greece, near Leuctra to the East and the River Cephisus North. It was here, that Agesilaus the Athenian General de∣feated the Boeotians in the year of Rome 359. In the third Century it became a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop of Athens. Now a Miserable Village, inhabited by none but Turks.

Coropa, a Province in Guiana in South America, between the River of Amazons and the Lake of Pa∣rymaea, near the River of Coropatuba; but not inha∣bited by any of our European Colonies.

Coronna, Varonnum, Adrobicum, and vulgarly the Groyne, a famous Sea-Port-Town on the North-West Shoar of Spain, in Gallicia; strong, rich, and full of people, ten Miles from Compostella to the North, and six from the Isle of Sisarga; in Long. 8. 40. Lat. 44. 20. The Town stands upon a Peninsula, and is almost surrounded by the Sea. The Country affords excellent Iron, Steel, and several other Metals, which cause the Port to be the more frequented.

Corozaim, or Chorazim, mention'd Matth. 11. 21. an ancient Town of Galilee in Palestine, which was one of the ten that composed the Country of De∣capolis. It stood over against Capernaum upon the Banks of the River Jordan and near the Sea of Ti∣berias.

Corregio, Corregium, a great and populous Town in the Dukedom of Modena, which had heretofore Princes of its own; but in 1635. it came into the hands of the Duke of Modena: it stands thirteen Miles from Regio to the North-East, and twelve from Mo∣dena to the North, between the Rivers of Navila West, and Fossa Rossa East: and has the honour of a good Castle.

Corsica, called la Crose by the French, and Cor∣sega by the Spaniards; is a considerable Island in the Mediterranean Sea: in length from North to South 110 Miles, in breadth 50, and its Circuit 280; 100 Miles South from Genoua, and 8 from Sardinia. This Island has ever been ill inhabited by reason of the Asperity of a great part of it, and the great difficulty of approaching it. The Tusci, or old Italians, were the first Inhabiters of this Island; who were conque∣red by the Carthaginians: the Carthaginians yielded to the Tomans: the Saracens followed these, who fi∣nally in 1144. were subdued by the Genouese. The Pisans, and the Kings of Arragon, have since conte∣sted with the Genouese; but however that Republick has desended the place against all pretenders to this day. There are five Episcopal Sees in it; to wit, A∣jazzo, Aleria, Sagona, Mariana and Nebio: the three first, under the Archbishop of Pisa; the other, of Ge∣noua. It is watered by the Rivers Liamon and Ta∣vignan, which both spring out of the Lake of Crena. Bonifacio is its best Port, and Basta the Capital Town. There is a Cape call'd Corso, which is the same with the Sacrum Promontorium of the Ancients.

Corschi, the Name of a Numerous people in Persia, living in Tents, and descended from the Turks, out of which the Sophy always composes his first Troops.

Corthestan, Taurus.

Cortona, Cortonium, Corto, a small but very anci∣ent City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy: it lies on the Borders of the Estate of the Church, and is a Bishops See (made by Pope John XXII.) under the Archbishop of Florence: four Miles from the Lake di Perugia to the North, and fourteen from Arezzo to the South.

Corwey, Corbeja Saxonica or Nova, called by the French Corbie, is a small City in West phalia, which has an Abbey founded by S. Lewis King of France, in 815. It lies upon the Weser, nine Miles from Paderborne to the West.

Cosa, Cosas, a small River in the State of the Church, which falleth into Garigliano, (Liris) by Feretino and Veroli.

Cosano, Cossano, Cosa, Cosanum, a City of Cala∣labria in the Kingdom of Naples: six Miles from the Gulph of Taranto, and one and twenty from Rosano to the North. It is a Bishops See under the Archbi∣shop of Cosenza.

Cosenza, Consentia, the principal City of Calabria, and one of the greatest in the Kingdom of Naples; an Archbishops See, seated in a fruitful Plain, upon the River Crate; which has belonging to it a strong Castle upon a Hill. Alaricus XII. King of the Goths died in this City. In 1638. it suffered much by an Earthquake: fourteen Miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea, and thirty from Rossano to the West, in Long. 40. 20. Lat. 39. 11.

Cosir, a City of Egypt upon the Red Sea: written also Cossir.

Coslin, Coslinum, a Town in the Dukedom of Pomerania, under the Dominion of the Duke of Bran∣denburgh; upon a small River; three German Miles from the Baltick Sea, and six from Treptow to the East. Heretofore the Seat of the Archbishop of Cas∣mires, but given from him by the Treaty of West∣phalia, to the present Possessor.

Cosmopolis, a Town in the Isle of Elbe, in the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to the Duke of Flo∣rence, which has a convenient and safe Port: it lies over against Piombino, twenty five Miles to the West.

Cosne, Conoda, Conium, a small Town, some place it in the Province of Beausse, some in Nivernois, up∣on the Loyre in France betwixt Nevers and Orle∣ans: often taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of the last Age there.

Cossa, a ruined City on the Coast of the Tyrrbe∣nian Sea, six Miles from Orbitello to the East, and seventy from Rome to the North: destroyed by Charles the Great. Ansidonia sprung out of its ruines; which last is now in the Possession of the Duke of Florence.

Cossaques, a Martial People, inhabitants of the Province of Ʋkraine in Red Russia; renowned for their great services done as well to Christendom in general, as to the Crown of Poland, in guarding the Frontiers of that Kingdom against the Tartars: Never∣theless in some times guilty of great Revolts too, which have occasion'd divers Treaties of Peace betwixt them and Poland. They speak a Dialect of the Polonian

Language; and for Religion, are a mixture of the Greek, the Roman, and the Protestant Churches.

Cosse, a Seigniory in the Province of Maine in France near St. Susanne, giving Name to a Family of Quality.

Cossaei, an ancient People dwelling about a Moun∣tain of Media, whom Alexander the Great sacri∣ficed to the Manes of his dear Ephaestion, in a tran∣sport of Grief for his Death, say Polybins and Dio∣dorus.

Cossovia, Campus Merul••••, a Plain in Bulgaria, not very much exceeding Lincoln-Heath, yet the Stage of great Actions. Here the greatest Christian Army that was ever brought into the Field in Eu∣rope, consisting of 500000 Men, under Lazarus De∣spot of Servia, fought with the Forces of Amurath I. and lost the day; in which Battel Lazarus was slain: and Amurath, viewing the dead bodies, was stabbed by Michael Cobloivitz, a Christian Souldier, left for dead in the field. Amurath hath here a Funeral Mo∣nument to this day. This happened in 1390. In the same Field was also fought that remarkable Battel be∣tween Huniades and Mahomet, for three days toge∣ther; in which Huniades his Forces were beaten, be∣ing very unequal in number. This Plain is bounded by the Mountains of Negri to the South, by the Ri∣ver Nesaus to the East, by Nissa to the North, and by Ibar to the West: one hundred and thirty English Miles from Thessalonica to the North-West, upon the Borders of Macedonia and Albania. See Dr. Brown's Travels.

Cossir. See Cosir.

Costagnazo, Haemus, a Mountain in Thrace.

Coustantz, See Constance.

Costa-Ricca, A Province of New Spain in the South America, lying betwixt the two Seas, and West∣ward of Veragua. The Capital whereof is the City Carthage. There are some Gold and Silver Mines in it, and a Soil which makes it worthy of its Name.

Coste des dents, or Coste de l' Ivoire, the Ivory Coast, is a part of the Coast of Guiny in Africa, be∣twixt the Cape of Palmes and the Cape of three Points; whither the English, French, Hollanders, &c. traffick for Elephants Teeth. It is said to be well in∣habited, and to lye very conveniently.

Coste d'Or, or the Golden Coast, another part of the Coast of the same Country, so call'd from the quantity of Gold that they find upon it. It is about one hundred and thirty Leagues long, reaching from the Cape of three Points (where the former ends) as far as to the River Volta, and the Kingdom of Be∣nin. The English, Danes and Dutch have divers Settlements upon it. The latter having dispossessed all the Portugueze.

Cothon, the ancient Name of the Port of Carthage in Africa.

Cotatis, the principal City of Imiretta, (a King∣dom or Province of Georgia) built at the Foot of an Hill, by the River Phasi••, consisting of about two hundred Houses: those of the Grandees, and the Kings Palace, stand at a distance. The Town has neither Fortifications nor Walls nor any Defence, except where it is enclosed by the River and the Mountains. On the other side of the River, upon the top of an Hill, higher than that under which the City is built, stands the Fortress of Cotatis; which appears very strong: As Sir John Chardin describes this City in his Travels.

Cotbus, Cotbutium, a Town in Lusatia in Ger∣many, upon the River Havel, which also passeth by Berlin; from which it lies thirteen Miles to the South, and ten from Franckford to the South-West. This Town came into the Hands of the Duke of Branden∣burgh in 1645. and is sometimes called Cotwitz.

Cotrone, Croton, a City of the further Calabri•• in the Kingdom of Naples, which of old was twelve Miles in Compass, as Livy saith, and built eighty years after Rome: but now very small, and thinly inhabi∣ted: yet it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Regio, and has a Castle built by Charles V. It stands on the South-East side of Italy, fifteen Miles South-East of Severina.

The Cottian-Alpes, Alpes Cottiae, a part of the Alpes, heretofore under the Dominion of King Cottius mention'd in Suetonius (as an Ally with the People of Rome, in the Reign of Augustus) and therefore by the Ancients called Cottiae from him. They begin at the Fountains of the River Var, and reach to Susa: that is, from Mount Viso, to Mount Cenis; dividing the Dauphinate from Piedmont.

Cotzchin, or Chotozin, or Kotym, a Castle in Mol∣davia upon the Niester; four Polish, or twenty En∣glish Miles from Caminieck to the South-West: where in 1673. an Army of the Turks, consisting of two and thirty thousand Men, under the Command of Solyman Aga, designed for the ruine of Lemburgh, were en∣camped; having the Neister behind them, a Range of Rocks and Precipices on one side, the Castle of Cotz∣chin on the other, a Trench before them defended by Half-Moons, a Bridge over the Nieper, and ano∣ther over the Castle: yet Zobietsky, then Marshal, but now King of Poland, with much lesser Forces coming up October 9. battered down their Brest-Work with his Cannon; and the next day dismounting his Ca∣valry to second the Lithuanian Foot, (which had been beaten off) in Person at the head of his Men stormed their Camp; took it, slew or took Prisoners thirty one thousand five hundred Turks, (and the rest hardly escaped) Solyman their General being slain. In 1621. Ʋladislaus Prince of Poland, Son of Sigis∣mund King of Poland, in the same Field, defeated the Forces of Osman I. and slew the greatest part of them; amongst the rest Ʋssain le Borgne, who was esteemed the best Commander the Turks had in those times.

Couco, Coucum, a Kingdom in Barbary, in Afri∣ca, with a City of the same Name; sixty Miles from the Shoars of the African Sea, between the Kingdoms of Algiers and Bugia.

Coucy, a Seigniory in Picardy, giving Name to a Family of Honour.

Coventry, Conventria, a City in the County of Warwick upon the West Side of the River Sher∣borne, which is of no very great Antiquity; but neat, strong, rich and populous, by reason of the Cloathing Trade: Also a Bishop's See in Conjunction with Litchfield, under the Archbishop of Canterbury. It has three Churches; the Priory or Convent (whence the Name Coventry) was the most ancient Foundation of the City, being built by Canutus the Dane. And the Cross may be reckoned amongst the finest in Eng∣land. The Noble George Villiers, late Duke of Buck∣ingham, was created Earl of Coventry, in the twenty first of James I. A Title that had lain buried ever since the Death of Edwin a Saxon, whom William the Conqueror created Earl of Coventry in the first Year of his Reign. Henry VI▪ annexing the adjacent Towns and Villages to this City made it with them a County Corporate, distinct from that of Warwickshire.

Coulan, a City and small Kingdom in the East-Indies, in the great Promontory of Malabar, on the Western Shoar; thirty five Leagues North of the Cape of Com••ry, and about seventeen South of Cochin. The Country is well watered, and fruitful; not above twenty Leagues long from North to South, and eight or ten broad from East to West. Bounded by the Kingdoms of Cochin and Travancor. There are ma∣ny Christians in it, by the means of the Portuguese. The

City has a Castle, and a safe Haven, with the Chara∣cter of a rich and flourishing Place. The Portuguese were driven out of it by the Hollanders in 1663.

Coulour, a Town of the Hither East-Indies in the Kingdom of Golconde in Malabar; seven days Jour∣ney from the City of Golconde. There is a Mine or Quarry of Diamonds very near it.

Courreze, Curretia, a River in Limosin in France, which riseth two Miles above Tulle; and having wa∣tered both it and Brive, falls into the Vesere, two Miles above Condat.

Courtenay, Cortenaeum, Corteniacum, Curtinia∣cum, a small Town in the Isle of France, six Miles distance from Sens West. The Princes who have born the Title of this small Place, are frequently men∣tioned by the French Historians; and some of the Emperors of Greece are deriv'd from their Family.

Courtray, Corteriacum, by the Natives called Cortrick, a Town in Flanders upon the River Lys, five Leagues from Tournay to the North, and four from Lille to the West. Made famous by the Defeat of the French in 1302. This Town was taken by the French in 1646. and fortified; and again in 1667: But in the Treaty of 1679. it returned under the O∣bedience of the King of Spain, who is still possessed of it.

C••urzola, an Island under the Venetians upon the Coast of Dalmatia, full of Wood. There is, besides five Villages in it, a City of the same Name which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ra∣gusa. The Houses, built all generally of Marble.

Coutances, Constantia Castra, a City and Bi∣shoprick in Normandy in France, under the Archbi∣shop of Rouen. It stands upon the River Barde, two Leagues from the British Sea, five from Auran∣ches to North, and twelve from Caen to the West. This City has a large County belonging to it, called by the same Name, le Coutantin; which lies extend∣ed from North to South, in the form of a Peninsula; on the North and West it has the British Sea, on the East the River Viere, which parts it from Bessin; and on the South le Auranchin, divided from it by another small River. The Isles of Jersey and Guernsey here∣tofore belonged to this County; which being in the hands of the English, are not now esteemed a part of it, but annexed to England.

Coutras, Curtracum, a Town in Guienne in Peri∣gord, seated on the Confluence of Lille and Dr••ma, twelve Miles from Bourdeaux to the North-West: Made famous by a Battel here sought in the Civil Wars of France in 1587.

Couverden. See Coeworden.

Cowbridge, a Market Town in the County of Glamorgan in Wales. The Capital of its Hundred.

Cowes, a noted Harbour at the Entrance of the Creek that goes to Newport in the Isle of Wight; for∣tified with a Castle.

Cracow, Cracovia, call'd by the Inhabitants Krakow, by the Germans Cra••aw, by the Italians, French, and Spaniards, Cracovia, is the Capital of the Kingdom of Poland, and stands on the River Weya, (Vistula) about fifty Polish Miles from Presburg to the North-East, 85 Miles from Dantzick South. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Gnezna; there belongs to it a strong Castle built upon a Rock, with vast Suburbs; and an University opened in 1401. by Ʋladislaus K. of Poland. The Palatinate of Cracovia, which belongs to this City (and is one of the three which make up the lesser Poland), has Silesia on the West, Hungary on the South, Sandomiria on the East, and the Palatinate of Siradia on the North. This Bishop∣rick was founded by Mieczislao, who received the Christian Faith in 965. The City was burnt by the Tartars in 1241. The Custody of it was after this committed to the Germans, in 1428. A Disputation being had here with the Hussites, in 1431. the King sent for some Preachers out of Bohemia, who preach∣ed many Years in the Sclavonian Tongue Helvigis the Queen caused the Bible to be translated into the Po∣lish Tongue; and when the Pope in 1448. sent a Legate to this Nation, the University shewed him no Respect, but stuck to the Council of Basil. In 1591. they burnt the Protestants Church there, as they did in 1635▪ by the procurement of the Jesuits; who the next year were banished for it out of that University. This City was also taken by the Swedes, in the Wars under Charles II. King of Sweden, in 1655. It is stiled the Rome of Poland, for its Excellency. They tolerate the Jews, wearing a distinctive Habit. There are be∣twixt fifty and sixty Churches in it.

Cragno. See Carniola.

Crambourn, a Market-Town in Dorseishire; the Capital of its Hundred; seated near the Spring of a Ri∣ver that runs into the Stower; it is a Town of good Antiquity.

Cranbrook, a Market-Town in Kent in Scray Lath, seated at the Head of the River Medway.

Cranganoor, Cranganora, a Kingdom and a Ci∣ty in the Promontory of Malabar, in the East-Indies. The City lies upon the River Aicot, two Leagues from the Ocean, and seven from Cochin to the North; being a Bishop's See, whilst it was in the Hands of the Portuguese; but in 1663. the Dutch took it from them, and put it into the Hands of the King of Cale∣cut, together with the small Kingdom belonging to it.

Cranostaw, Krasnostaw, Cranostovia, a small but well fortified Town in Black Russia, in Poland, up∣on the River Wieprez, and a Lake made by the said River; five Leagues from Chelm to the South-West, and as many from Lublin to the South-East. Now the usual Residence of the Bishop of Chelm.

Craon, a small Town in the Province of Anjou in France, upon the River Oudon, towards the Fron∣tiers of Maine in Brittany; giving Name to an ho∣nourable Family.

Crapack, the Carpathian Mountains, which divide Hungary, Moravia, and Transilvania from Poland. This ridge of Mountains, called by the Antients Car∣pates, and Mons Carpathus, runs from East to West, under various Names given by the Nations which bor∣der upon it.

Crapone, a Canal in Provence, made in the last Age by the ingenious Adam de Crapone from the River Durance to the Arles, beginning at Roque a Village six Leagues below the Fall of the said River into the Rhine.

La Crau, a large Heath of seven or eight Leagues length in Provence; filled with a prodigious Quan∣tity of Stones, whereof divers of the Antients have conjectured, but none give, a satisfactory Cause.

Craven, a Part of the West-Riding of Yorkshire; hilly and rough, in which Shipton stands. It gives the Title of an Earl to the Right Honourable William Craven, created by King Charles II. Anno 1664.

Cray S. Maries, a Market-Town in Kent, in Sutton Lath.

Creci, Cressy, Creciasensis, Cressiacum, a Town in Picardy, upon the River Serre, in the most Eastern Borders of that Province; three Miles from la Ferre to the East, and the same Distance from Guise to the South. This small Place, by the English Valor under Edward III. and his Son the Black Prince, in 1346. August 26. received a Name that will last for ever: Philip de Valois being here beaten in a set Battle, in which the Kings of Bohemia and Major∣ca, Charles Duke of Alensone Brother to the King of

France, the Duke of Lorraine, Lewis Earl of Flan∣ders, and in all 11 Princes, 80 Barons, 1200 Knights, and 30000 common Soldiers were slain; and King Philip himself escaped with great Difficulty, being scarcely admitted into one of his own Castles, upon his Reply to the Question, Who is here? The For∣tune of France. §. There is another Creci in Picardy, upon the River Serre, near Laon, in the Tract of Tierache, §. And a third in the Province of Brie, upon the River Morin, two or three Leagues from Meaux, within the Government of Champaigne.

Crediton, a Market-Town in Devonshire, upon the Rivers Credit and Forton: The Capital of its Hundred; and formerly a Bishop's See, till King Ed∣ward the Confessor translated the same to Exon. It is adorned with a fair Church, built Cathedral-wise; well inhabited, in a rich Soil, and drives a good Trade of Serges. Both the aforesaid Rivers fall into the Ex.

Creil, ••reolium, a small City or great Town in the Isle of France, upon the River Oesia, (Oise,) o∣ver which it has a Bridge, between Clermont to the North three Miles, and Senlis to the South two.

Crekelade, a Market-Town in Wiltshire in the Hundred of Highworth; which returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Crema, [Crema,] Forum Diuguntorum, a City in the State of Venice, called by the French Creme; which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Bo∣••oma; seated upon the River Serium, Serio, sixty Miles from Verona to the West, and twenty from Milan to the East. This City was once a part of the Dukedom of Milan, and is very strongly fortified: Made a Bishoprick in 1579. by Pope Gregory XIII. being the Capital of the Territory adjacent, called Cremasco.

Cremera, a small River in the Dukedom of Thus∣cany in Italy, falling into the Tiber five Miles below Rome. The 300 Fabii were cut to pieces by an Am∣buscade of the Enemy upon the Banks of it: A Mis∣fortune so lamented by the Romans that, they cursed the very City-Gate, by which they marched, with the Title of Scelerata, and placed the Day of their over∣throw in the Catalogue of black and dismal Days.

Cremona, Colonia & Ʋrbs Crenomanorum, a Ci∣ty of the Dukedom of Milan, which is a Bishop's See under that Archbishop and stands upon the Po, in the Borders of the Dukedom of Parma, forty Miles from Mantua to the East, and the same distance from Mi∣lan to the South-East. This City was built 445 Years after Rome, and made afterwards a Roman Co∣lony; it has been often ruined, and rebuilt; at present a strong, great, rich, populous City; and has a strong Castle to the East, with an University granted by Si∣gismund the Emperor. The Territory belonging to it is a fruitful delicious Plain, having on the North and East the River Ollio, on the South the Po, (where there are several Districts beyond that River belonging to it,) and on the West the River Abdua. The French and Modenese besieged this City in 1648. but were not able to take it.

Crempen, Crempa, a small but fortified City in the Dukedom of Holsatia, in the County of Stormaren, up∣on the River of that Name; not above one Mile from the River Elb to the North, about ten Danish Miles from Lubec to the West, and fifteen from Embden to the East. This belongs to the King of Denmark.

Crequi, a Seigniory in Artois, upon the Confines of Picardy, giving Name to an honourable Family which has been famous for divers illustrious Persons.

Cressy, See Creci.

Crespi, Crepiacum, the chief Town of the Duke∣dom de Valois, in the Isle of France; built in a fine Plain; seven Miles from Meaux to the North, and three from la Ferte. Francis I. and the Emperor Charles V. held a Treaty of Peace here in 1544.

Crest, Crestidium, & Crista Arnaldi, a City in the Dauphinate in France, upon a River of the same Name, two Miles from the Some to the East, and twenty two from Avignon to the North. Fortified with a Castle and a Tower.

Creta. See Candia.

Crevant, Crevantium, a Town in Burgundy in France, upon the North Side of the River Sure, in the North-West Border of that Dutchy, two Miles from Auxerre to the North, and twenty three from Dijon to the North-West. In 1423. there was a sharp Fight here between the English and the French, with the Victory, by Confession, to the English. There is a Stone-Bride over the Sure here.

Creuse, Crosa, a River in France, which riseth in la Marche; and running to the North West, enter∣eth Berry, and passeth through the Town of Black in the Borders of Berry; then entering Touraine, it falls (having in this Course received the Little Creuse and some other Rivers) into the Loyre, at ••••ndes a∣bove Saumur.

Crewkern, a Market Town in Somersetshire; the Capital of its Hundred: Seated on the Banks of the River Parret. Written also Crokehorn.

Crickhowel, a Market-Town in the County of Brecknock in Wales; the Capital of its Hundred. The Marquess of Worcester has a Castle here.

Crim Tartary, or the Precopensian Tartars, is a vast Tract of Land, bounded on the North by Russia, (from which it is parted by the River Donetz in great part, and also by Ockraina and Dikoia,) on the East by Pervolock, on the South by the Kingdom of A∣starcan, the Petigori, Cabardia, the Palus Meotis, and Euxine Sea; and on the West by the Boristhenes, which parts it from Wolynia. Extended vastly from East to West, but not so broad. The chief Force of it lies in the Peninsula in the Black Sea. These Tartars have been heretofore Christians, but now Ma∣hometans, and the inseparable Allies of the Turks, in hopes to succeed upon the failure of the Ottoman House; otherwise they live under a Prince of their own. See Krim.

Crincon, Crientio, a River of Artois, near Arras.

Crinisus, a River in the West of the Island of Sicily, springing in the Valley of Mazara, twenty five Miles from Palermo; and afterwards falling into the Sea of Tunis. Now called Il Belicidestro.

Crismato, Phaenus, a Mountain in Normandy.

Croatia, Liburnia, a Dukedom belonging to the Emperor of Germany, call'd by the Germans Cra∣baten, and is a part of the Kingdom of Hungary Bounded on the North by Sclavonia, on the East by Bosnia, on the South by Dalmatia and the Adriatick Sea, and on the West by Carniola a Province of Germany. The Turks were heretofore possessed of all the Southern Parts of it; but the Emperor has lately recovered them. The Inhabitants are excellent Horsemen, and have of late done great Service against the Turks.

Crocodilon, an ancient City in the Kingdom of Aegypt, upon the Banks of the Nile, in the Country called Thebais. They adored the Crocodiles as Gods (in the vulgar Opinion) at this Place, and therefore it came to take their Name.

Croia, the principal City of Albania; a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Durazzo, Dyrrhachium, upon the River Lisana; within ten English Miles of the Adriatick, thirty from Durazzo to the North, about a hundred and ten South of Ragusa. It was heretofore very strong. George Castriot, commonly called Scanderbeg, often broke the Fury of the Ot∣toman Forces here; but after his Death it fell into their Hands.

Cromer, a Market-Town in the County of Nor∣folk, in the Hundred of North Erpingham, lying to the Sea.

Croncarty, a Sea-Port-Town in Ross in Scotland, upon the Eastern Sea, at the North Point of Murray Fyrth.

Cronenburg, Coronaeburgum, a strong Castle in Zealand, belonging to the King of Denmark: taken by the Swedes in 1658. but since restored again. At this place (which was built by Frederick II. King of Denmark for the purpose, in 1577.) all Ships are forced to pay their Toll, which pass the Sound.

Cronstat, Corona, a City of Transylvania, often called Brassovia, by the Inhabitants Brassaw; in the middle of the Eastern Borders of that Dutchy, to∣wards Walachia; at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains, upon the River Burzazgh. It is a strong Place, and has three great Suburbs, inhabited by three several Nations: forced to receive an Imperial Garri∣son, in May 1688. General Heusler in a Fight near this place, Aug. 21. 1690. suffered a great Defeat, wherein himself was taken Prisoner by the Tartars; who not knowing him, sold him to Count Teckeley, (who commanded the Action) for seventy Rix Dollars.

Crosno, Crosna, a small City in the Black Russia in the Kingdom of Poland, in the Palatinate of Primyslie, near the Carpathian Hills and the Rivers Visloc and Jasiolde.

Crossen, Crossa, a City in the Province of Silesia, and Kingdom of Bohemia, upon the River Oder; where it entertains the River Borber from the South; about ten Miles above Franckfort. This is the Capital of a small Dukedom, which being many Ages ago mortgaged to the Duke of Brandenburg, and not redeemed in due time, has ever since been in his Possession.

Crotona, an ancient City in the Further Calabria in Italy, which is now a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop of Regio. Milo and several other famous Ath∣letae were Natives of this place: in whose times it was no less than twelve Miles in circuit.

Croty, a Sea-Port on the North side of the Somme in Picardy, two French Miles from Asselane to the South, and the same distance from Caen in Normandy to the North.

Crouch, one of the little Rivers of the County of Essex.

Crow, or le Crou, Crodoldus, sometimes called Gonnesse, is a River in the Isle of France; which ari∣sing above a Village called Louvre, five Miles East from St. Dennis, falls into the Seine, at S. Dennis.

Crowland, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Ellow upon the River Weeland, in a very fenny low ground. The best Streets of it are severed from each other (not unlike Venice) by inter∣jacent Water-courses; and the Causeys leading to it, so narrow, that no Carts can possibly pass: which may justifie the Proverb, saying, All the Carts which come to Crowland are shod with Silver.

Croy, a Village in Picardy, two or three Leagues from Amiens, giving its Name to a Family of Ho∣nor in the Low Countreys.

Croydon, or Croyden, Neomagus, a Market Town in Surrey, the Capital of its Hundred; seated near the Spring head of the River Wandle, nine Miles from London, where the Archbishop of Canterbury has a Countrey House: it has an Hospital for the Poor, and a Free-School for Children, founded by Archbishop Whitgift.

Crumaw or Crumeaw, Crumaviae, a Town in the Province of Moravia in Germany, betwixt Brin and Znaim: adorned with the Title of a Dukedom, and a fine Castle.

Crussol, a Seigniory in the Province of Vivaretz in France, near the Rhosne, giving its Name and the Title of Earl to an Honourable Family.

Cresiphon, an ancient Town of the Kingdom of Assyria, near the Tygris, said to be built by the Par∣thians.

Cuama or Coama, a River of the Kingdom of Sofala in Africa, said to derive its Source from the Lake of Sachaf (where it has the Name of Zamber) towards the Mountains of the Moon: the same Lake, that the Moderns take to be the Head of the Nile.

Cuba, an Island in the Bay of Mexico in America, to the South of Florida; which is one of the greatest that belongs to that part of the World. It has on the East Hispaniola, (divided from it by a Bay of the breadth of fourteen Spanish Leagues,) on the West the firm Land of America, on the South Ja∣maica at the distance of nineteen Leagues. In length two hundred Spanish Leagues, in breadth not above thirty five. The greatest part of it is Mountainous, but well watered. Infinitely peopled, when the Spa∣niards discovered it; but they destroy'd all the In∣habitants, and have not been able yet to people it themselves, so that the greatest part is desolate. This and Jamaica were the first Places of America which Columbus discovered in 1492. There are six Cities in this Island; the principal of which is St. Jago, on the South side; and Havana, a noble and well forti∣fied Sea-Port on the North side; under the Tropick of Cancer.

Cuckfield or Cuxfield, a Market Town in Sussex in Lewis Rape.

Cuco, a strong City by Situation (upon a high Hill) in the Kingdom of Algiers in Africa, towards the River Major. The Soil it stands in affords plenty of all things necessary for humane life.

Cucusa, an ancient City of Armenia the Less up∣on the Frontiers of Cilioia and Cappadocia, having formerly born the honour of an Episcopal See: and the more remark'd in History, for being the place whither S. John Chrysostom was banished by the order of the Empress Eudoxa.

Cuenca, Conc••a, a City of New Castile in Spain, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of To∣ledo; the Capital of La Sierra. It stands in a Rocky and Mountainous Country, upon the River Xucar, twenty five Leagues East from Toledo, and thirty four West from Valencia. Built by the Goths out of the Ruines of a Roman City called Valeria, not far di∣stant. The Moors became next Masters of it, and kept it till 1177. when the Spaniards recovered it again.

Cueva, a Town in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain, giving its Name there to a Family of Honor.

Cufa, a City of Chaldaea or Yerach in Asia, upon the West side of Euphrates; sixty Miles South from Bagdet, or Babylon, on the Borders of Arabia De∣serta, and heretofore the Residence of the Califfs: after that it was under the Persians; and at present under the Turks, being much declined from its ancient Splendor, Wealth and Greatness. Long. 79. 10. and Lat. 32. 00. forty five German Miles above Balsera North.

Cuhiung, a City and Territory of the Province of Junnan in China, having Jurisdiction over six other old Cities, and standing in a fruitful and pleasant Country that is provided with Mines of Silver and Precious Stones.

Cujavio, Cujavia, a Province of the Kingdom of Poland, bounded on all sides by the greater Poland; but the North, where it has Prussia. The chief Town is Brestia, Brezestie, ten Miles from Thorn to the South, and thirty from Damzick.

Culhu, Cullus, a Town and Port upon the Medi∣terranean in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, where the River Collo or Culhu is discharged into the Sea; betwixt Hipone and Bugia.

Culliton, a Market Town in Devonshire; the Ca∣pital of its Hundred.

Culm, a City of Poland, upon the Vistula, in Prussia, built upon a Hill. This is a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Gnesa, though heretofore under the Archbishop of Riga: built in 1223. by the Knights of the Teutonick Order; but having suffered much in the Swedish Wars, it is now almost desolate, and the Bishop has removed his Palace to Colme, three Miles more to the East. Culm stands twenty Miles South of Dantzick, and ten North from Waldislaw; and is the Capital of a little Country adjacent, called by the Inhabitants Colmischland.

Culembach, Culembachium, a small Town in Franconia, upon the River Mayn, near the Rise of it; six Miles from Bamberg East, and as many from Co∣berg South-East; the Capital of a Marquisate belong∣ing to the Duke of Brandenburg; and part of the Burgravate of Noremburg; between the Territory of Bamberg to the West, Misnia to the North, Bohe∣mia and Bavaria to the East, and Norimburg to the South: belonging also to the Duke of Bran∣denburg.

Culembourg, Culemburgum, a Town and Castle in Guelderland, belonging to the United Provinces; yet as to the Revenue possessed by its own Count: it stands on the River Rhine, above two German Miles from Ʋtrecht to the South-East, and six from Nime∣guen to the West. Taken by the French in 1672. and dismantled in 1674.

Culiacan, a Province in New Spain in America, within the Jurisdiction of the Governor of Gua∣dalaxara; between New Mexico to the North, New Biscay to the East, and the Purple Sea to the South and West. It has a City of the same Name.

Cuma, Cumae, once a Colony and famous City of Italy, in the Kingdom of Naples; which in 1207. was utterly ruined by the Saracens. The Ruines of it are yet visible, upon an Hill, on the Tyrrheman Sea, twelve Miles from Naples to the North-West. In the latter times of the Roman Empire, this City was won∣derfully fortified; so that Narses the General of Ju∣stinian could not take it without a tedious Siege: and at this day the Ruines of it are wonderful: many Noble Antiquities are to be seen amongst them. The Bishops See, that was fixed here, is united with that of Aver••a. Virgil speaks of an admirable Temple of Apollo and a Fortress that adorned this City in An∣cient Times. Neither must it be forgotten, that the Sibylla Cumana, her Grott being in the neigh∣bourhood, took her Title from hence: whose Verses prophesied so favourably of our Saviour, that Julian the Apostate thought fit to order them to be burnt. § The Ancients mention other places of the same Name. One, upon the Gulph of Smyrna in Asia Minor, now called Foya Nova, betwixt Smyrna and Pergamus; accommodated with a Port and Fortress. Near to which, the Venetian Fleet obtain'd a Victory over the Turks in the year 1650. Of the rest, nothing said.

Cumberland, is the most North-Western County of England; on the North bounded by Scotland; on the South and West it has the Irish Sea; and on the East Lancaster, Westmorland, the Bishoprick of Dur∣ham and Northumberland. It took its Name from the Inhabitants who being of the old British Race, called themselves Kumbri or Kambri. The Coun∣try though cold and uneven, is yet not unpleasant to the Traveller. And it affordeth great plenty of Corn, Cattle, Fish, Fowl and Metals: nor is it destitute of many Roman Antiquities, the Reliques of the Roman Garrisons who lay here to defend Britain from the devouring Picts. The principal City is Carlisle. Prince Rupert whilst he lived was Duke of Cumberland by the Creation of King Charles I. his Uncle, 1643. He dying without Issue November 30. 1682. that Honor is now in the Person of his Royal Highness Prince George of Denmark. It became a Dukedom from an Earldom. For in the year 1525. H. VIII. conferred the Title of Earl of Cumberland upon Henry Lord Clifford, in whose Family it continued from thence to 1642. The Eden is the principal River of this County.

Cuneo, Cuneus: See Coni.

Cuningham, a County of Scotland, on the Western Shoar over against the Isle of Arran; on the West it has the Irish Sea, on the North Dunbritoun Fyrth, (which parts it from Lentieth), on the East Cluyds∣dale, and on the South Kile. The chief Town is Largis on the Irish Sea, seventeen Scotch Miles from Glasco to the West.

Cunsar, one of the Names of the Hyrcanian Sea.

Curacao or Curassaw, one of the Islands known by the Name of Sottovento in the South America, over against the Province of Venezuela, betwixt Ora∣ba and Bonnaire. Taken from the Spaniards by the Dutch in 1632.

Curdistan, Chaldaea, a vast Province in Asia, un∣der the Dominion of the Turks, but upon the Borders of the Kingdom of Persia; containing Chaldaea, part of Assyria towards Media, and a great part of Arme∣nia Major. The Western Bounds are closed by the River Euphrates, and the Eastern by the Tigris; ha∣ving Tarcomania to the North, and Alidulia to the South. The Curdes, a People partly Mahometans, Hea∣thens, and Christians, take their Name from, and dwell in this Province. The ancient Chaldaea was divided into two parts; the one, North of Mesopotamia, in which Ʋr stood the Country of Abraham: the other, South of Babylon, near Arabia Deserta; a large Cham∣pion Country in which the Philosophers lived and flourished, whose same became extended over all the East; and whose enquiries gave the first birth to A∣stronomy, Astrology, Magick, Philosophy and Theo∣logy. Babylon was the Capital of the ancient Chaldaea.

La Cure, Cora, Chora, a River of France, arising in the Dukedom of Burgundy, and flowing through Nivernois, Vezelay or Verzelet and Clamessy, at Vermenton, just opposite to Crevant in the Dutchy of Burgoigne, falls into the Sure.

Cures, an ancient Town of the Sabines in Italy; from whence the Name of Quirites became derived to the Romans; and remarkable also for being the Birth∣place of Numa Pompilius. It is thought Vescovio was afterwards built upon the Ruines of this Town.

Curetes, a Name of the ancient People of the Island of Crete.

Curiale, Dianae Oraculum, a small Town on the Coast of Arabia Foelix, towards the Persian Gulph; about twenty seven Miles to the North-West of Cape Raz, the most Eastern Point of that Country, and and eight from Mascate a City.

Curland, Curlandia, a Province of Livonia, cal∣led by the Germans Kureland, by the Dutch Coer∣landt, by the French Courlande, is bounded on the East by Semigalen, on the South by Samogithia, and on the North and West by the Baltick Sea. This Country belonged anciently to the Teutonick Order; but Sigismund Augustus King of Poland, in 1587. forced Gothardus Ketler Master of that Order, to re∣nounce their Right; and hold it, together with Se∣migalen, as a Fee of the Crown of Poland. So that ever since it has been separated from Livonia, and an∣nexed to that Crown; and is still in the Possession of the Family of Ketlers, as Dukes of Curland, and

Subjects to the Crown of Poland. The Capital City of it is Goldingen.

Curresi, Avens, a River of Italy, in the State of the Church, in the Diocese of Sabina; between Cam∣pania to the South, and Ʋmbria to the North. It watereth S. Lorenzo and the Abby di Farfa; and then falls into the Tyber, fifteen Miles North of Rome.

Curta, a Village of Hungary upon the Danube, between Comora and Gran. It is a Roman Town ruined.

Curzola, Corcyra Nigra, an Island of the Adria∣tick Sea, on the Coast of Dalmatia, under the Domi∣nion of the State of Venice; which is twenty five Miles in length from North to South, and five in breadth. It has a small City or Town of the same Name, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Raguza: and there are five other small Villages in it. It lies only five Miles from Cape Cabiccello, a Promontory of Dalmatia.

Le Curzolari, Echinades, Echinae, five small Islands over against the Mouth of the Gulph of Le∣panto. Near to which, the Christians gain'd that Sig∣nal Naval Victory over Selim II. his Fleet in 1571. in the Battel, called the Battel of Lepanto.

Cusa, an ancient City of Nubia in Africa. And a River of the same Name in the Kingdom of Mo∣rocco.

Cusco, Cuscum, a great City of Peru in the South America, one hundred and twenty Miles East from Lima. It was the Royal City of the Kings of Peru, adorned with a stately Temple dedicated to the Sun, and divers noble Palaces and an admirable Fortress, when the Spaniards conquered it; but now dispeo∣pled and ruined. Yet it is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lima.

Cussit, a Province in Aethiopia.

Custrin, Custrinum, a City in the Marquisate of Brandenburg, on the East side of the River Oder, where it receives the Warta; four Miles North from Franckfort: a very strong Place.

Cuzagne, a small Territory or District in Aqui∣taine in France.

Cuzt, a large Province of the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, lying eighty Leagues along the River Gurey∣gure as far as to the River Esaha, East of the Pro∣vince of Temesen; and containing all the courses of the Mountain Atlas betwixt those two Rivers.

Cyclades, a Circle of little Islands in the Archipe∣lago, surrounding the Island of Delos: call'd Paros, Andros, Zea, Micoli, Naxia, Quiniminio, &c.

Cyclopes, the original Inhabitants of the Island of Sicily, living about Mount Aetna; whose extra∣ordinary height mixt with fierceness, occasioned many Fictions amongst the Poets.

Cydnus, a River of Cilicia in Asia the Less, pas∣sing by Cogni and Tharsus. Alexander the Great took a desperate Sickness by bathing in it; and some say, the Emperor Frederick Barberaosse died of the coldness of its Water, as he returned from the East in the year 1100.

Cydonia, the same with Canea in Candia.

Cylley, Celia, a City of Stiria in Germany, upon the River Saana, which a little lower falls into the Save; it stands ten Miles from Lambach to the East, and as many from Draburgh to the South-East. The Capital of a County of the same Name, and belongs to the Emperor of Germany: there is in it two very strong Castles, and many Roman Antiquities are there∣abouts discovered.

Cynopolis, an ancient City of the Kingdom of Egypt upon the Western part of the Nile; remark'd heretofore for the Worship of the God, called Anubis, in it.

Cynthus, a Mountain in the Island of Delos, up∣on which the ancient Pagans built a celebrated Temple in the honour of Apollo; who together with Diana was supposed to be born here of L••tona.

Cyparissa, an ancient Town of the Morea, that did belong to the Government of Messene; and im∣parted its Name to the Cape and Gulph adjacent.

Cyprus, an Island of the Mediterranean Sea, cal∣led by the Turks and Arabians, Kubros: about sixty Miles North from the Shoars of Syria, and Anatolia; and extended in length from East to West two hun∣dred and twenty; its Circuit about five hundred and fifty. This Island is so very fruitful, the Air so plea∣sant, and the Hills abounding so with Metals, that it was by all the Ancients call'd The Happy Island. Am∣mianus Marcellinus saith, it could build a Ship and fraight her out to Sea, out of what grew here, with∣out the help of any other place. The first Inhabi∣tants were the Cilicians, who yielded to the Phenici∣ans, as these did to the Greeks: Ptolomy the last King of this Island, knowing that Cato was sent against him by the Romans, put an end to his own Life. It continued in the hands of the Greek Emperors till 656. when it was conquered by the Saracens. In 807. the Emperors recovered it; but Richard I. King of England, going to the Holy War, in 1191. and being ill used by the Inhabitants, made a Conquest of it for England; and gave it to Guy de Lusignan, whose Successors were dispossessed by the Templars in 1306. In 1472. the Venetians possessed themselves of it; in 1560. Selim the Grand Seignor gained it from them, whose Successor at this day enjoys it, not without some Confusion and, as occasion serves, Insurrection of the Inhabitants against the Turks. There are three considerable places in it; Merovige at the West end, Colosso on the South side, and Famagusta on the same side more to the East; and about eight hundred and fifty Villages.

Cypsella, See Ipsala.

Cyr, Ciropolis, Cyrus, the same with Carin.

Cyrene, See Cairoan.

Cythera, See Cerigo.

Cyziqua, an ancient City of Asia, built in the twenty fourth Olympiad upon the Propontis and ho∣noured in the Primitive Ages of Christianity with a Metropolitan See under the Patriarch of Constanti∣nople. Over against the Ruines of it, stands a little Island, famous for the Marble that they call the Marble of Cyziqua.

Czaslaw, Czaslavia, a very small City in Bohemia, upon the River Crudimka, nine Miles from Prague to the East, with a considerable Prefecture belonging to it. John Zisca, the famous Captain of the Hus∣sites, who so sharply revenged the deaths of John Hus and Jerome of Prague, was here buried.

Czeben, See Hermanstat.

Czenstokow or Czeschow, Chestocovia, a Town in Poland, upon the River Warta; twenty five Miles East of Breslaw, ten North-West of Cracovia. It is strong as well by Situation, as its Fortifications.

Czeremissi, a Province, or rather a People of Mos∣covy: reduced under the Empire of the Grand Duke in the year 1552. Lying on both sides of the River Wolga, betwixt the Cities Novogorod-Nisi, and Casan. They are partly Mahometans and partly Pagans, of the Race of the Tartars.

Czeremicz, Sulonia, a Town in Dalmatia.

Czernikow or Czernishaw, Czernihovia, a City and Dutchy in Poland, upon the River Deszna, which falls into the Nieper at Kiovia, twenty eight Miles South-West of Szernikow, or Czernihow. This City is now in the hands of the Russ, as also the Dukedom thereunto belonging, called by the same name. They belonged originally to the Russ; and together with Novogrod, were conquered by Ʋladislaus IV. King of

Poland; so that the Russ has only recovered what was his own.

Czernobel, a Town in the Palatinate of Volhinia in Poland upon the River Ʋsz; two or three Leagues from the Borysthenes, of little consideration.

Czersk, a Palatinate; and Czesko, a City upon the Vistula, seven Polish Miles above Warzovia or War∣shaw.

Czyrkassi, Czyrcassia, a strong Town in the Ʋ∣kraine upon the Nieper, twenty seven Polish Miles beneath Kiovia, towards the Euxine Sea: it has suf∣fered great Extremities of late years from the Cos∣sacks and Tartars, being a Frontier to both those People.

Czyrknizerzee or Zirichnitz, Lugeum, a great Lake in the Province of Carniola in Germany; ex∣tended the space of four Miles betwixt the Woods and Mountains, towards Italy; full of Fish, ebbing and flowing extraordinarily, and begetting a fruit∣ful Soyl.