A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names of all the counties, provinces, remarkable cities, universities, ports, towns, mountains, seas, streights, fountains, and rivers of the whole world : their distances, longitudes, and latitudes : with a short historical account of the same, and their present state : to which is added an index of the ancient and Latin names : very necesary for the right understanding of all modern histories, and especially the divers accounts of the present transactions of Europe / begun by Edmund Bohun ... ; continued, corrected, and enlarged with great additions throughout, and particularly with whatever in the geographical part of the voluminous, Morey and Le Clerks occurs observable, by Mr. Bernard ; together with all the market-towns, corporations, and rivers, in England, wanting in both the former editions.

BAB. (Book b)

BAalhasar, mention'd 2 Sam. 13. 23. A place beside Ephraim in Judaea, where Absalom commanded his Servants to kill Amnon for forcing his Sister Thamar.

Baar, Vargiones, a County in Schwaben in Ger∣many, near the Fountains of the Danube, in the Pos∣session of the Prince of Furstemberg. Die Baar are also the Mountains of Schwaben, call'd Abnobi by the Romans.

Baaz, or the Isle de Baz, is an Island on the Coast of Bretagne in France.

Babelmandel, Diodori Insula, is a small Island in the Red Sea, belonging to Aethiopia, mentioned by Pliny, Ptolemy, Arrian, and others: but the later Geographers are not agreed whether this be it, or Pri∣meira, which lies near it. It lies in the very entrance of the Red Sea, or Arabick Gulph, and gives name to that passage.

Babylon, one of the most famous Cities of the antient World, celebrated both in Sacred and Profane Story. It is seated upon the Euphrates, and was the Capital of Chaldea, about 42 Miles from Bagdet to the South East, in 79. d. of Long▪ and 35 of Nor. Lat. Generally believed to have been built by Nim∣rod, the Grand-child of Noah, soon after the De∣luge; and to have been a continuation of Babel, so called, because the Lord did there confound the Lan∣guage of all the Earth, Gen. 11. 9. This City was antiently incompassed with Walls of Brick, which made a Circuit of 385 Stadia's, or 48 English Miles. They were so broad at the top, that two Chariots might meet, and pass, without any hindrance; and they are said to be 100 Cubits high; so that this was one of the seven Wonders that amazed the old World. This City was the Capital of the Assyrian Empire; and tho Nabonassar ruin'd that Empire, yet he for∣sook it not; but his Son Nebuchadnezzar very much increased and inlarged it, as appears Dan. 4. 30. After this, it was taken by Cyrus the Persian. Anno Mund. 3516. before the Birth of our Saviour 537 years; and tho it changed its Master, yet it kept much of its antient Greatness under the Persian Empire: Seleu∣cus Nicanor, one of the Successors of Alexander the Great, (who dyed here,) building Seleucia upon the Tigris, at about 40 Miles distance from it, as Strabo observes, it became thereby deprived of its Wealth, its Honour, and Inhabitants; whence Pausanias could say, that it had nothing in his time but its Wall: in the days of S. Jerom it was only a Park, and in after∣times it became an Habitation for Scorpions and Ser∣pents, so that no Man could safely pass through it. See Bochart. Geogr. Sacr. lib. 4. c. 15. It is very hard now to know assuredly so much as where it stood. For tho Bachad or Bagdat is often call'd by the same name, and divers have therefore been induced to ac∣cept it for the same place, yet that this is a great mi∣stake, see Bach••••.

Babylon in Aegypt, stood over against Memphis, near the Nile. St. Peter wrote his First Epistle, its thought, from this Babylon; because the other was deserted before, as this since; yet forming Cairo out of its ruines.

Babolitza, Carethna, or Vallis Cariniana, a Town placed by Antiochus in the Lower Pannonia, now part of the Lower Hungary.

Baboliza, or Babolza, a Town of the Lower Hungary, call'd by Antoninus, Mansuetinum: it has now a Castle, and lies about five Hungarian Miles West of Zigeth; in our latter Maps it is call'd Ba∣bolcha.

Babuco, Bauco, Bovillae, a Town of S. Peter's Patrimony, near the Confines of Campania, and the Kingdom of Naples.

Babul, Pattala, or Patala, is one of the greatest Cities in the East-Indies, seated in an Island of the River-Indus, under the Dominion of the Great Mo∣gul.

Bacalal, a Lake in the Northern America.

Bacar, Ituraea Trachonitis, a Region of Palestine, often mentioned in the New Testament. It lies be∣yond Jordan between Samaria and Arabia, and be∣longed to the Tribes of God and Reuben. The Inha∣bitants are famed in the Roman History for good Ar∣chers; tho Cicero, [2. Phil.] calls them at the same time, Omnium gentium maxime barbaros, the most barbarous of all Nations. They are mentioned also by Virgil, Lucan, and Vopiscus, on the same account. There is another Country in the East-Indies, call'd by the same name.

Baccharuch or Bachruch, a small Town in the Lower Palatinate upon the Rhine, in the greatest esteem for Wine of all the places in Germany: whence that Etymology of its name, Bacchi ara, descanted by H. Stephanus.

Bachad, Seleucia, a City of Mesopotamia upon the River Tigris: in antient times called Coche, and afterwards Alexandria from Alexandria the Great, who rebuilt it; after which being re-edi∣fied by Antiochus King of Syria, (who call'd it by his Father's name, Seleucia) and being again ruin'd, it was rebuilt in 762. by Almanusor Abugiafar the 22d. Calif, first on the Western Shoar of Tigris, and after on the Eastern in Chaldea: in time it grew great, rich, and populous, being the Seat of many of the Califs, and was call'd Bagdad, or Bagdet; that part which lay on the Western side, being deserted by de∣grees, is become a heap of Rubbish. This City lies in an oblong figure, is great and well fortified; it has a Bridge of Boats over the Tigris, and a strong Castle, in which the Turkish Bassa resides. It has been very often taken and re-taken by the Turks and Per∣sians. The former possess'd themselves of it in 1638. after a bloody Siege, in which they lost 40000 Men, and have kept it ever since. It lies 79. 20. Long. 35. 40. Lat. and is by many Writers mistaken for Baby∣lon, tho it lies at the distance of forty Miles from it, and upon the Tigris, whereas that lies upon the Eu∣phrates.

Bach, Bachia, a small Episcopal City of the Lower Hungary, under the Archbishop of Colocza, upon the Danube, where the River S••rwizz•• meets

it. This Bishoprick is united for ever to the Metro∣politan See; and it was in the hands of the Turks, till 1686. when, by the taking of Quinque Ecclesiae, and the deserting of Colooza by them, after Buda was taken, it returned under the Obedience of the Emperor.

Bachian, Bachianum, called Bacham by the Por∣tugals; one of the Molucco Islands in the East-In∣dies, and a distinct Kingdom; small but very fruit∣ful; under the Dominion of the King of Machian, from whence it lies about 30 Miles to the South, and a little less from the Island of Gioli; almost exactly under the Line. It has a Town of the same name, and a Fort belonging to the Dutch called Barnewelt.

Bacha Serrail, or Bacie-Saray, the Capital City of the lesser Tartary upon the River Kabarta, and the usual residence of the Cham of the Crims.

Bachu, a City of Albania upon the Caspian Sea; in the times of the Roman Empire it is supposed to have been called Albana; but there is some Contro∣versie about it. From this City the Caspian Sea is called by some Mar di Bachu. § And there is also another City in Arabia Felix called by the same name in Ptolemy.

Backow, Bachow, Baccovia, a City of Walachia (as others of Moldavia) upon the River Alauta, which falls into the Danube a little above Nicopolis. This was made a Bishops See by Pope Clement VIII. under the Archbishop of Colocza: it is in the Northern Bounds of Walachia, about 25 Miles North, West of Targvisco, the Capital City of that Pro∣vince. By some called Braislow.

Bacras, one of the Branches of Mount Taurus, which rises in Cilicia, a Province of Asia the less.

Bactriana, (Batter in the modern Appellation) was an antient Province of Persia, answering in part now to Corasan in Persia, and in part to Ʋs∣beck in Tartary; divided by the River Geichon. Its Capital City was Bactra, hereafter mentioned by the name of Bagdasan, which is of little consideration. The River Bactrus of this Country has also changed its name to Buschian, falling into the Gei∣chon. The antient Inhabitants had the repute of the best Soldiers in the World: they were always in Arms upon the account of the Scythians their Neighbors, who lived by Spoil. And much addicted to Astrolo∣gy; Zoroaster their King being the supposed Author of that Science, under the name of Magick.

Baeueen, Baduhennae Lucus, a famous Forest in Friesland, one of the United Provinces mentionedby Tacitus: it is still the greatest Wood in all that Pro∣vince; by the Common People called Seven-Wol∣den, that is the Seven Woods. It stands 3 Leagues from Groningen, to the Westward, towards Slote; others suppose it to be meant of Coevorden, a strong Town in Trans-Issillane, near the River Schwart-wa∣ter, or Groeningen-Diep, (which falls near Gronin∣gen) called by the Romans, Virus; but the most common and best supported Opinion is the first.

Badai, a People of Tartaria Deserta, adoring the Sun, and some say, a red Clout elevated in the Air.

Badajox, Pax Augusta, a City of Estremadura, which heretofore belonged to Portugal, (inthe Con∣fines of which it stands) but is now the Capital of Estremadura, a Province in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain: large, populous, and well fortified, and seat∣ed on a Hill. The Portugals after they had driven out the Spaniards very unfortunately, attempted the Recovery of this Place in 1658. It lies 3 Leagues from Yelves to the East, and 25 from Sevil to the North-West. It stands upon the River Guadiana, where the River Xevora falls into it on the opposite side. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Compostella: has a Bridge over the River, and was heretofore a Dukedom, erected by Henry IV. King of Castile. Anne, the Wife of Philip II. King of Spain, died here in 1580. It lies in 13. d. of Long. and 38. 45. of Lat.

Badara, a Town in the East-Indies, in a Penin∣sula on this side of the River Ganges, upon the Coast of Malabar, in the Kingdom of Calecut, 6 Leagues from Calecut to the East.

Badascian, Maracanda, a City often mentioned in the Writers of the Life of Alexander the Great. Tamerlane the Great was born here, and had his Pa∣lace in it, who much beautified it, and erected here an University. It belongs now to the Province Zaga∣taja in Tartary, and lies about 100 Miles North of the River Oxu. A famous place for Merchandile, very large, and the Capital of the Eastern Tartars. Chalcocondylas calls it Samarachantan and the Tartars Samarcand.

Badelona, a Town of Catalonia in Spain, call'd by Mela, Baetulo: once famous, now a Village, not far from Barcinone, and about a League from a Ri∣ver of the same name heretofore, now called Besos, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea between these two Places.

Baden, Ober Baden, Aquae, Castellum Aquarum, Thermae superiores, a Town in Switzerland, between Zurich, (from which it is distant two Leagues) and Basil, from which it stands six Leagues. As the Assemblies of the Cantons are usually held here, this place is famed for a League treated amongst them∣selves in 1656. There was a general meeting of the Deputies of the 13 Suisse Cantons held here, Octob. 1690. wherein they resolved, in reference to the pre∣sent War betwixt the Confederate Princes and France, that they would maintain a Neutrality; but withal secure the pass of Augst, and the Bishoprick of Basle, with the four Forrest Towns, in which the French did pretend to take their Winter Quarters It lies upon the River Limat, (Limagus) which a little beneath falls into the Aar (Arola) the greatest River in those Countries, which falls into the Rhine at Waldhust, a Town of Schwaben.

Baden, Bada, Thermae Inferiores, a small City of Schwaben in Germany, the Head of the Marquisate of that name; 5 Leagues from Strasburg to the South-East, 1 from the Rhine, and 8 from Spire: fa∣mous for its natural Baths, from whence it has its name. The Marquisate is of no great extent, but very populous, and the Villages so thick, lying along the Rhine, that the whole Principality is compared to one continued City. Long. 28. 40. Lat. 82. 20. It is called by the Germans, Margraven Baden, to distinguish it from other places called by the name of Baden. The Original of the Noble Family now pos∣sessed of this Honor, was from the Duke of Zering; for Bertholdus I. was the Father of Hermanaus, the first Founder of this Family, which is now divided into two Branches, the one professing the Protestant, and the other the Roman Catholick, Religion; of the later Branch comes the present Prince Lewis, who, since the Death of the Duke of Lorrain, has been hono∣red by the Emperor with the general Command of all his Forces in Hungary; and obtained great Victories.

Baden, Aquae Pannoniae, a Town in Austria, 3 Leagues from Vienna to the South, seated at the foot of the Mountains.

Badenoch, in Latin Badenochia, is a County in the North of Scotland, of a barren Soil, full of Mountains; divided in two by a great Lake, and bounded by the Counties of Murray, Ross and Athol.

Badenweiler, a City in the Province of Brisgow in Germany, between Friburg and Basil; yet a part of the Marquisate of Baden, and famous for Hot Baths.

Baeotia. See Boeotia.

Baern. See Berghen.

Baetica, one of the 3 antient parts of Spain, taking its name from the River Baetis which we now call Guadalquivir; See Spain. Its principal Cities were Sevil and Corduba. From the time that Alphonsus King of Castile was defeated here, by Aben Joseph K. of Morocco, in the Year 1195. the Sara∣cens possessed it unto the Reign of Ferdinand V.

Baeza, Biatia, a City of Andalusia. It was heretofore an Episcopal City, under the Archbishop of Toledo; but in 1249. its Bishoprick was united by Pope Innocent IV. to that of Jaen or Gaën. [Glenna] This City was recovered from the Moors by Ferdinand King of Castile, in 1227. It was a Roman Colony, then called Ʋrbs Baetica. Here is an University, erected in 1538. and the Town is large, and stands upon a Hill one League from the River Guadalquivir.

Baffin's Bay, a Gulph extended from the 70th to the 80th deg. of North Lat. in the Terra Australis of America; discovered by an Englishman who gives his Name to it.

Baffo, Paphos, a City in the Island of Cyprus, once famous, now ruin'd.

Bagaloag, a Town upon the Frontier of Bosnia in Dalmatia, under the Turks.

Bagamidri, a Kingdom in the upper Aethiopia, lying along the Nile to the West. It is ordinarily di∣vided into 17 Provinces, whereof some are large e∣nough to be Kingdoms.

Bagaudes, a People amongst the antient Gauls. They revolted twice from the Romans, at the end of the third and in the Fifth Century; and were each time defeated.

Bagaya, Bagy, Vaga, a City of Numidia in A∣frica. The Emperor Justinian Wall'd it, and new∣nam'd it Theodora from his Empress. In 394. the Donatist Bishops celebrated a Council here, concern∣ing the Cause of Primianus Bishop of Carthage.

Bagdat, or Bagdet. See Bachad.

Bagdasan, Bactra, a small City at the foot of Mount Caucasus, seated in a fruitful Soil, much cele∣brated in antient times; now of no Note.

Bagnabar. See Golconde.

Bagnarea, Balneum regis, Balneo regium, No∣vem populi, so called by the order of Desiderius King of the Lombards, as Paulus Diaconus saith. It is an Episcopal City in S. Peters Patrimony, built upon a Hill near the Lake Bolsena; it stands almost in the middle between Mount Fiascone and Orvieto, from which last it is not above 6 Miles distant to the South. In this Place S. Bonaventure, who flourished in the twelfth Century, with the Title of the Seraphical Do∣ctor, was born.

Bagneres, a Town in the County of Bigorre in Gascony in France, famous for its hot Baths till 1660. when that natural Fire which heated them, was extin∣guished by an Earthquake, as Brietius saith.

Bagni d'Abano, Fontes Aponi, Aquae Petavinae, a place that has Baths, in the Territory of Padoua in Italy.

Bagni, di Salviati, a place not far from Cuma, where Cesar the Dictator had a Country House.

Bagni di Tritolino, a place in Campania, where Cicero had a Country House, not far from Puteolum. To these and divers other places in Italy, they gave the Pre-names of Bagni, from their Baths; wherein the antient Romans delighted so, that P. Victor reck∣ons 800 of them in Rome only.

Bagrava, Galesus, a small River that springs from the Apennine Hills, near the City Oria, in the County of Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples; and running Westward, falls into the Bay of Taranto, not far from that City which gives its Name. This River is now commonly called Galeso.

Bahama, an Island, and the most rapid Channel in all America, Eastward from Florida; through which the Spanish Fleets pass to the Havana.

Baharen, Ichara, Tylus, an Island in the Persian Gulph. Others say it is Carge, another Island in the same Gulph, over against the mouth of the River Euphrates, that the Ancients meant by these Names. It is called by others Elchadr.

Bahar-Eunil, one of the Branches of the Nile in Aethiopia.

Bahar-Zocoroph, the Persian Gulph.

Bahar-Rumi, the Mediterranean Sea.

Bahia de todos los Santos, the same with S. Sal∣vador in Brasil.

Bahuys, Bahusium, a strong Castle situated in a small Island made by the River Trolhetta, which falls a little lower into the Baltick Sea. It hereto∣fore belonged to the Kingdom of Denmark, but in 1658. was taken by the King of Sweden, together with the County of the same Name. It stands two Danish Miles from Gottenburg towards the North. This Castle was built by Hakin IV. King of Norway in 1309. surrendred by Treaty to the Swedes in 1660 who before were in Possession of it; attempted by the Danes in 1678. but without any good Success. The Province in which it lies is bounded on the East with West Gotlandt, on the West by the Baltick Sea, and by the County of Aggerhuis towards the North. It lies 100 Miles in length from the North to the South, but it is not above 30 Miles broad, and in many places but 15. It has, besides the Castle I mentioned, a Town called Malstrano. This Terri∣tory was yielded to the Swedes by the Treaty of Ros∣child in 1658.

Baja, Baiae, a City of Campania in Italy, now ruined. It was the delight of the antient Romans. Separated from Pozzuoli by an Arm of the Tyrrhenian Sea, about 2 Leagues over, which the Emperor Caligu∣la cover'd with a famous Bridge, passing and repassing the same in Triumph. The noble Rests yet extant discover that it has been a very magnificent Place. Since the times of Christianity, an Episcopal Chair was placed and settled in it, till its ruine was effected by Earthquakes.

Bajaria, Eleutherus, a River of Sicily. It falls into the Mediterranean Sea, 8 Miles East of Paler∣mo and the River Oreto, on the Western side of the Island.

Baicadul, Batancaesarea, a City of the East-In∣dies within Ganges.

Baida, a Region of Tartary the Desart. See Badai.

Baieux, a City and Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Roan in Normandy in France, upon the River Aure, which a little lower buries itself under ground. It stands not above 2 Miles from the Brit∣tish Sea towards the South. The College of Bajeux at Paris, was founded in 1308. by a Bishop of this place.

Bailleul, Baliola. See Belle.

Baionne. See Bayonne.

Bair, Barus, a River of the Low Countries.

Bais, Bacium, a Monastery in France, which lies between Corbie and Amiens upon the Somme [Sumina] over against Peronne.

Baise, Balisa, a River in Poictou in France.

Bakewell, a Market-Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of High-Peak.

Bala, a Market-Town in the County of Merio∣neth in Wales, in the Hundred of Penllyn.

Balagata, a Kingdom in the Peninsula of Mala∣bar, in the hither East-Indies, extended among the Branches of the Mountains of Gare, making a part

of the great Kingdom of Decan. Its chief City, Dol∣tabad, is a place of great Trade.

Balaguer, Ballegarium, a City of Catalonia, seat∣ed at the foot of a very steep Hill, having a Stone Bridge over the River Segre: it was made famous by being taken by the French in the Year 1645▪ after a Defeat of the Spanish Forces, which should have co∣vered it. It lies 3 Leagues from Lerida. [Ilerda] to the South East.

Balambuan, a City in the Island of Java in the East-Indies, with a Sea-Port towards the East. This City gives its Name to a Bay of the Sea, which lies near it.

Balassia, Audus, a River of Mauritania in Afri∣ca: it falls into the African Sea, between the Towns of Jatath and Igilgilim, at the Promontory call'd Capo di Gibramel.

Balaton, Volceae, a very great Lake in the We∣stern part of the lower Hungary, lying about thirty Miles in length from the North-West to the South-East, but its breadth is not above six Miles: it has Vesprin on the South, Canisa on the West, and Alba Regalis on the East: The Germans call it Platzee.

Balbastro, Barbastrum, a City of the Kingdom of Aragon in Spain, upon the River Vero (Verum) where it falls into the Cinga about 8 Miles from Hu∣••scar (Osca) to the West, and Ilerda, now Lerida, to the North East. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Zaragoza, from which distant 14 Miles. This City was recovered from the Moors in the Year 1102. Call'd by some, heretofore, Bergi∣dum; and by others, Belgida.

Balbec, Heliopolis, Caesarea Philippi, A City an∣tiently of Coelesyria, at the foot of Mount Libanus; which was at first a Bishops See, made afterwards a Metropolitan under the Patriarch of Antioch. It is incompassed with very high Hills on all sides; and lies at the equal distance of about 32 Miles from Damas∣cus, Tripoli, and Abyla.

Baldino, Ʋfens, a River of Italy arising in St. Pe∣ter's Patrimony, at a place call'd Casenove, 2 Miles from Setia; and falls into the Mare di Toscana near Terradina a City of Campania. It is now common∣ly call'd il portatore.

Baldo••, a Market-Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Broadwater.

Baleares, The Islands of Majorca and Minorca. See Majorca. It is remarkable, that amongst the slain in the Noble Battel of Creci in 1344. the King of the Baleares was one.

Balestra, Balista, a Branch of the Apennine in the Road to Parma, by the Valley of Tari, between Liguria and Hetruria.

Ba••••, The most Easterly Kingdom in the Grand Empire of Abyssinia in Africa.

Balkan, a Mountain of Thrace call'd Haemus of old, dividing Thrace from Bulgaria: so very high, that from the top of it the Euxine Sea may be seen. It runs from the East to the West, and ends at the City of Mesembiria; out of it spring the Rivers He∣brus, now Mariza, which watereth Hadrianople; and Strymon, now Stromona. The Sclavonians call it Cumoniza; the Italians, Costegnazzo, or the Chain of the World; and the Turks Balkan.

Ballingacarrigy, a Ca••••le near Cavan in the Coun∣ty of Cavan in Ireland. It had a Garison of about 200 Men in it, when Colonel Wolseley with a Party of King William's Forces came to attack it. And is na∣turally so strong, that none (as the Account says) but Irish Men would have been beaten out of it without Canon. After some Resistance, which however cost Colonel Wolseley dearer than he expected; they agreed to surrender it on terms, May 13▪ 1690.

Ba••••a••, or Balza••, a Territory in the Dukedom of Angoumois in France, upon the River Charen••e, giving its name to the Family of the Guëz, which late∣ly produced the most eloquent Man of France, Mon∣sieur Balsac, a perpetual honour to his Country, and particularly this place. He died Feb. 28. 1654. §. The like in the Province of Auvergne, whence another an∣tient Family receives their Title.

Balsara, Balsera, Teredon, a City attributed by Ptolemy and Ae••ian to Babylon, by others to Arabia. It belongs now to Arabia Deserta, and lies near the Confines of Arabia Foelix, near the Borders of the Province of Hierach. A great City, and of good Trade, and stands at the Conjunction of the Tigris and Euphrates, where they fall into the Persian Gulph. After the King of Persia had taken Ormus in the Year 1622, the English, Dutch, and Portuguese betook themselves to this Place, and setled their Factories here. In times past it was under the Kings of Persia, afterwards taken by the Turks. The Haven is safe and large, and stands about 12 miles above the Per∣sian Gulph, on the Western shoar; and in the neigh∣boring Villages many Christians of the Sabborites, or of St. John, live.

Baltimore Bay, a Bay and Haven in the Province of Mounster in the Kingdom of Ireland, and in the Earldom of Desmond, upon the Western Ocean.

The Baltick Sea, Sinus Co▪danus, may justly be call'd the Northern Mediterranean. It has no Communi∣cation with the Ocean, but by a narrow Streight call'd the Sound▪ which parts Jutland from Gothland: from the Cape of Schagen in Jutland, it bends to the South-East, as far as the Island of Zeland, which restrains it to so narrow a breadth, that the Castles of Elsene••r and Elsenborg command the Passage, and enable the King of Denmark to enforce a Tribute from all Ships trading in or out of the Baltick Sea: from thence it runs South, and washeth the Dukedom of Mekelenburg and Pomerania, as far as Dantzick: from thence it turns North again, and washeth Cur∣land and Livonia as far as Nargen, where it is divi∣ded into two other great Bays; one of which is cal∣led the Bay of Finland, and divides Finland from Li∣vonia. In this Bay lies Narva, the Capital of Livo∣nia, heretofore the Store-house of the North: a little more North it receives the River Severi; into which run Ladoga and Onega, two vast Lakes that part Megrina and Cornelia, and run up almost as far as the White Sea, with which they seem also to have some Communication by their Rivers: from hence the Baltick runs to the North, as far as Wybourg••; where it turns again and runs South West as far as the Islands of Aland; and here begins the 2d, Branch of the Baltick call'd the Finnisch or Bot••er Sea; which runs North and South, leaving on the East Finland and Boddia, and on the West Sweden and Finmarck: at the most Northern Point of it lies Tor∣nia, a Sea-Port Town. The various Countries which do border upon this Sea, and have little or no Com∣munication with the other Seas, make it much fre∣quented by Merchants of all Nations.

Baly, an Island of the East-Indies, East of Java, about 12 Miles in compass, very fruitful and well in∣habited. It is thought to be the lesser Java, being separated from the greater only by a Bay.

Bamba, a Province of the Kingdom of Congo in Africa, with a Town of the same Name: it lies be∣tween Loanda to the South, and the River Zaire to the North, on the Western Shoar of Africa, beyond the Line. There is a Province in the South America, in the Kingdom of Papaian, under the Spaniards; and a Village in Castile in Spain, both of the same Name.

Bamberg, Gravionarium, Bamberga, a City of Germany in the Circle of Franconia, upon the River

Rednit, which a little lower falls into the Mayn. It is a Bishops See, (under the Archbishop of Mayence, for some time) now immediatly dependent on the Pope. This City was made a Bishoprick by Henry II. Emperor; and had its Name from Baba, a Daughter of Otho the Emperor; and it signifieth in the German Tongue, the Hill of Baba. It is under the Civil Ju∣risdiction of its own Bishop; and stands about six Miles from Wurtzburg, to the North-East, and Nu∣renburg to the North-West. In this City died Hen∣ry II. in 1025. Conradus III. in 1152. Philip I. in 1208. It was antiently a free Imperial City, but not now: there belongs to it a small Territory or Diocese, which lies along the Mayn and the Rednit, extend∣ing in length from North to South 25 German Miles, but much restrained as to its breadth by the Marqui∣sate of Culembach on the East, and the Bishoprick of W••••tsburg on the West: besides these, he has some few Towns in Carinthia which were subjected to the Emperor by a Treaty in the Year 1535. with Ferdi∣nando I. Henry II. (called St. Henry) built here a ve∣ry magnificent Church for the Remission of his Sins in the Year 1007, and subjugated this City, with all its Dependencies to the Popes of Rome; but it was after redeem'd by Henry V. who gave that See the City of Benevento in Italy in Exchange for it. The antient City of Prague in Bohemia, is a Fee belong∣ing to this Bishoprick; and the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg hold other considerable Fees of it. There is another small Town of this Name in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Bamberg lies in 32. 49. Long. 49. 51. Lat.

Bambycatii, an antient People near the River Tigris in Asia; said to bury their Gold, Silver, and all Mettal that can be coyn'd into Money, in the de∣sarts, to prevent the growth, thence issuing, of vice and corruption amongst them.

Bampton, a Market Town in Devonshire, and another in Oxfordshire, both Capitals of their Hun∣dreds. The latter is situated near the River Isis, and affords a liberal Maintenance to 3 Vicars besides the Parson.

Banea, a City and Island to the Eastern point of the great Island of Sumatra in the East-Indies; sepa∣rated from Sumatra by the Streights of Banca, over against Palimban.

Bancok, a regular and important Fortress in the Kingdom of Stam in the East-Indies.

Banda, an Island in the Indian Ocean to the South of the Island of Seran 20 Leagues, comprehen∣ding under the general name of Banda the 6 lesser Islands of Nera, Gunapi, Lantor, Puloway, Pulorin, and Bassingen: These being considered as parts of the Island of Banda. They drive a very great Spice trade, enjoy a perpetual Spring, and it is ordinary with the Inhabitants to live to 120 years. There is a good road to Banda, with two Forts to defend it, built by the Hollanders. The Natives are Mahome∣tans; but believe the dead will never come to life again, unless they living pray for them.

Bandbury, or Banbury, a Corporation in the Nor∣thern part of the County of Oxon, upon the West side of the River Cherwel, which here divides the County of Northampton from that of Oxon. Near this place, Kimrick, King of the West Saxons, over∣threw the Britains in a set Battel, manfully fighting for their Lives and Fortunes: and after this, Richard Nevil, Earl of Warwick, in the same place overthrew Edward IV. and took him Prisoner, and restored Henry VI. to the Crown. In the late Rebellion, this Place was taken, and garrison'd for Charles I. in 164••. after Edgehill Fight; in 1644, under the Command of Sir William Compton, it endured a sharp Siege, and several Storms, till it was relieved by the Earl of Northampton: after which it continued unattem∣pted till the Year 1646, when it endured another sharp Siege for ten Weeks together, under the same Governor; who at last (after the King had put him∣self into the hands of the Scots) when it was not pos∣sible the Place could be relieved, surrendered it upon honorable Terms to the Rebels the 11th of May. The Family of the Knollys have been Earls of this Place ever since the Year 1626.

Bander-Abassi, a City upon the Coast of the Province of Farsistan in Persia, opposite to the Isle of Ormus; Sirnamed Abassi from Cha-Abas King of Persia the first Founder of its Commerce, which has rendred it the general place of resort for Vessels from the Indies, as of an English and Dutch Factory, being esteem'd the best Region of all the Persian Gulph. Yet so intolerably hot in the Summer Months, that the Air, the Arabians say, is poysonous, and causes sud∣den suffocations. It is fortified with two opposite Forts.

Bander-Congo, A City of Persia two days sail from the precedent, where both the Air and Water are commendable. But the dangerousness of the pas∣sage from Ormus to it, amidst a number of Islets, de∣prives it of the benefit of Commerce.

Bando, A City and Kingdom in the States of the great Mogul in the East-Indies, betwixt the Kingdom of Delli and the Province of Agra.

Banghor, Bangor, Bonium, or Bovium (in the old British Language call'd Bamornabyrig) an old Roman Town in Flintshire; but belonging to Che∣shire; mentioned by Antoninus: and much more fa∣mous after the Plantation of Christianity in Britain, for a vast Monastery here, consisting of about 2000 Monks, qui omnes de labore manuum suarum vivere solebant, says Bede, who all wrought hard for their Livings: 200 of these, Edilfred, a Pagan Saxon King of Northumberland slew, because they implo∣red Christ's Assistance in their Prayers for their Coun∣try-men against the Saxons. When Augustin the Monk came to convert the Saxons, here was a nu∣merous Monastery; but before the Norman Conquest it was intirely ruin'd, as Camden acquaints us out of William of Malmsbury; to which Augustin the Monk is said or suspected to have lent his helping hand. Since that, those very Ruines are by time defaced: yet the Names of two of its Gates remain, Port Hogan and Port Cleis, which stand a Mile asunder; between which are found very often pieces of the Roman Mo∣ney. This place stands upon the River Dee, East of Wrexham. §. Bangor the Bishoprick, is a different Place from the precedent, and stands in the County of Carnarvan in Wales upon the River Menay; call'd by the Latin Authors, Bangorium and Bangoria. This Bishoprick is of so antient a foundation, that we do not find its Original. The Cathedral is dedicated by the name of S. Daniel, who was Bishop here about the Year 516. From which time to the 11th. Cen∣tury that Hernaeus filled the See, we have no Account of the succession. In 1496. Henry Deane, Bishop, repair'd the Cathedral after it had been defaced by the Rebel Owen Glendower. In 1541. Arthur Bulkeley Bishop, reduced the Bishoprick to a low Condition by unworthy sales and alienations. The Diocese con∣tains the County of Carnarvan, with parts of Den∣bigh, Merioneth and Montgomery, and the whole Isle of Anglesey.

Banjaluth, Blandona, a large and well fortified Town in Bosnia near the Mountains, under the Do∣minion of the Turks, upon the River Cetina.

Banjans, a People universally scattered over the Provinces of the Indies, but most numerous in the Kingdom of Guzurate, and notorious for worshiping the Devil (together with a God) as the author of all

the Evils of this Life, under a frightful Figure re∣presented to them, to pacifie him and engage him in their Favor. In some things they are Mahometan▪ like; in others, divided amongst themselves into Sects, greater or less, almost innumerable, according as they affect their particular Superstitions. The Europeans use them for Managers and Interpreters in their Deal∣ings with the Indians.

Banara, a City of the East-Indies in the King∣dom of Bengala, upon the River Ganges; under the Dominion of the Great Mogul, about 40 Miles from Gouro to the North, and 100 from Halavassa towards the South. Probably the same with Benares. See Benares.

Banny, or Ban, Argita, one of the largest Ri∣vers of the Kingdom of Ireland. It ariseth in the County of Downe in the Province of Ʋlster; and having entertained some other Rivers, it falls into the vast Lake of Neaugh; afterwards dividing the County of Colrane, on the West of it, from that of Antrim on the East, it falls into the Caledonian Ocean, a little below Colrane Castle. This River divides the Pro∣vince of Ʋlster into two parts: but Mr. Camden is rather of Opinion, that the Latin Name belongs to the Swilly, another great River in the same Province, but a little more to the West than this.

Bantam, a very great City, and a famous Mart and Sea Port in the Island of Java in the East-Indies, and the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name. This City is seated at the foot of an Hill, 18 Leagues from the City of Batavia towards the West, upon a narrow Passage call'd the Streights of Bantam, right over against the Island of Sumatra. It has a very good Harbor belonging to it called the Sound, and was much frequented by the European Merchants, especially the English and Dutch. The Kingdom of Jacatra is subject to this Prince, and he has of∣ten made War with the Dutch, with reasonable good Success, till about the Year 1684. A Son of the King of Bantam rebelling against his Father, called the Dutch to his Assistance, by which means the Dutch possessed themselves of Bantam, seized the English Factory and their Effects, and made themselves sole Masters of that Trade. The Controversie be∣tween them and the English not being determined to this day. The old King in the mean time was kept a Prisoner, first at Bantam, afterwards in the Castle of Batavia; whither he was conducted in November 1687, with a formal Solemnity, and there lodged with his Wife, and some Slaves to attend him.

Bantry, a Bay in the Province of Munster in Ireland, where Admiral Herbert, now Earl of Tor∣rington, engaged the French Fleet, May 1▪ 1689▪ upon their arrival with Succors for Ireland: which however were landed the day after.

Banya, Rivuli Puellarum, a Town of Transyl∣vania, 6 Leagues from Bestercze to the West, not far from the Confines of the Upper Hungary.

Banza. See S. Salvador in Africa.

Bapalme, Balma, a strong Town in Artois, seat∣ed upon a rising Ground in the Borders of Picardy. This Town has been in the hands of the French ever since the Year 1641. It was yielded to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands at an equal di∣stance from Peron, (a Town of Picardy) towards the South, and Arras towards the North.

Bar, a strong Town in Podolia, having a Castle built upon an Hill, and surrounded with Marshes, which contribute very much to its defence: It stands upon the River Kow, 18 Polonian Miles from Camini∣eck to the East, and as many from Barklow towards the West. This Town is under the Turks.

Bar, or Barrois, a Dukedom of France, betwixt Champagne and Loraine, incorporated after divers Revolutions, by the Concession of the Pyrenaean Treaty (as the French interpret it) in 1659▪ with the Crown of that Kingdom. Its Capital City is Bar¦le Duc. It lies on each side the Meuse; which divided it heretofore into the Royal and Ducal Barrois; both then belonging to the House of Loraine, they doing Homage to the King of France for the same.

Bar sur Aube, a fine Town in Champagne in France, but ill pav'd; it has its name from the River [Albula] Aube, on which it stands; upon the foot of an Hill in a very pleasant Country; about 8 Leagues from Ar••is towards the South, and as many from Troys towards the South-West, and 7 from Chastillon towards the North-East. This place is in much esteem for the delicious Wine the Country yields.

Bar, sur Seyne, a small City in the Dukedom of Burgundy, in the Confines of Champagne; seated in a Mountainous Country; about 5 Miles West of Bar sur Aube.

Bara. a Town in the Province of Gorga, in the Upper Aethiopia, near the Lake of Zaflan.

Barampour, a City of the East-Indies, under the Dominion of the Mogul, in the Kingdom of Candis. It lies 100 Miles from Surat towards the East, upon the River Tapi: this Place is called by others Baram∣pore, and heretofore Baramatis, as Herbert saith.

Baranateta, the Name of a City and Kingdom in the Asian Tartary.

Barathrum, a deep Pit in Attica in Greece, con∣trived with Iron Spikes and Tenters, for a place of Execution, throwing the Malefactors Headlong into it, in antient times.

Barbadoes, one of the most considerable Planta∣tions which the English have upon the Caribby Islands: it lies in 13. d. 20. m. Northern Lat. and 321. of Long▪ about 8 Leagues in length, and 5 in breadth, and inhabited by 50000. English, besides Negros, who are three times their number. This Island was first discovered to the English by Sir William Cur∣teen, in the Reign of James I. but was then wholly desolate. The English soon after Planted it, and were driven at first to great Extremities; because Ships came very rarely and slowly thither from Eng∣land; till having about the Year 1627. raised some Tobacco, Indico, Cotton-Wool and Fustick-Wood, and after that falling into the Sugar Trade, its Reputation and Wealth increased. And this Colony which for a long time subsisted by the courtesie or negligence of the Spaniards, grew so strong and numerous, that all their after Attempts signified nothing. Their Sugars, which at first were coarse, and would quick∣ly melt if not spent, are now improved to a great Perfection. This Island is not well Watered with Rivers, or fresh Springs; yet lying now, they want not that Element, being supplied by Pools, Ponds, and Cisterns. It is very fruitful, and enjoys a perpe∣tual Summer: Hot, but cooled by the Briezes which rise with the Sun, and blow fresher as the Sun gets higher. The chief Town of this Island is S. Michaels, situate at the bottom of Carlisle Bay, in the South∣ern part of the Island, where Ships have a very secure Harbor.

Barbara, a small Village in the Island of Sicily; but once a City of great Fame, and much taken no∣tice of by Greek and Latin Writers, under the se∣veral names of Aegesta, Egesta, Acesta and Segesta, &c. It lies 22 Miles from the Promontory and City of Drepanum, now called Trapano, to the North-West, and 40 from Palermo, upon the Western Shoar of the Island; near it runs a small River which now beareth the name of S. Bartholomew.

Barbary, Barbaria, a large Country in the West∣ern part of Africa; lying a considerable length from East to West, but not of equal breadth: it is bound∣ed

on the North by the Mediterranean Sea, on the East by Egypt, on the West by the Atlantick Ocean, and on the South by the Atlantick Mountains, which se∣parate it from Biledulgeridia. In the times of the Roman Empire this vast Tract of Land was divided into divers Provinces, viz. Mauritania Tingitana, Casariensis, & Sitifensis; Numidia, Africa propria, Byzacena, Tripolitana, Marmorica and Cyreniaca: it is now divided into the Kingdoms of Fez, Morocco, Algiers, Constantine (antiently Cirta), Tunis and Tripoly, with the Territory of Barcana. This Coun∣try was in antient times subject to the Commonwealth of Carthage, and the great Kings of Mauritania and Numidia; after it fell into the Romans Possession, I have shew'd how they divided it. Here was a most flourishing Church till the 5 Century; in the begin∣ing of which, the Vandals then Arians, entered it, and brought in their Heresie with them: but that which more effectually contributed to the ruin of Christianity here, was the Conquest of it by the Moors in 647, when one Hucha a famous General (whom Osmen, the Third Caliph of the Saracens, imployed to that purpose) finally expell'd the Ro∣mans; and ever since the Moors have possessed it; who being the most enraged Enemies of Christianity that ever professed the Mahometan Law, have so far extirpated Christianity, that there is very few, (if any) of the Inhabitants of this vast Tract of Land, which profess it.

Barbela, a River in the Kingdom of Congo in Africa, which falls into the River Zaire, which washeth the Walls of S. Saviour, or Banza, the Ca∣pital of this Kingdom.

Barbenzon, Barbentio, a Principality in Hainaut.

Barberino, Barberinum, a small Town in Tus∣cany in Italy, from whence the Noble Family of the Barberines receive their name; of which Family Pope Ʋrban VIII. was, who succeeded Gregory XV. and sate 21. Years, viz. from 1623. to 1644. This small Town is built upon an Hill, in the Road be∣tween Florence and Siena, 16 Miles from the former toward the South.

Barbowyna, Berbis, a Village of the lower Hun∣gary, where the Ruins of an antient Roman Town are yet seen upon the Drave: 3 German Miles from Quinque Ecclesiae towards the South.

Barbuda or Barbada, one of the Caribby Islands in America, under the English; but of no very great Account. It is in length 15 Miles, Lat. North 17. d. ••

Barca, Marmorica, a small Kingdom in Africa, on the West of Egypt, and the Mediterranean Sea; under the Empire of the Turks. But there is no Town of any note in it; there is adjoining to it a Desart called by the same name.

Barce••, Barcetum, a Castle in the Dukedom of Parma, between the Rivers of Parma and Taro, and the Apennine: 22 Miles from Parma, toward the South, and 16 from Pentremoli. There was anti∣ently a very famous Monastery built here by the Kings of the Lombards.

Barcelona, Barcino, a City of Catalonia in Spain which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tar∣ragona; and an University: it has an excellent Port upon the Mediterranean Sea, well Traded, and also a Castle. This City is the Capital of that Province, and esteemed one of the best Cities of Spain. Built by Hamilcar a Carthaginian, and called by his Pu∣nick Sirname of Barca. In the Year of our Lord 805. it was recovered out of the hands of the Moors, by S. Lewis, King of France: it is seated between the outlet of the River Badelona [Baetulo] which runs on the Eastern sides, and that of Lobregat [Ru∣bicatus] which at the distance of 2 Miles on the East∣ern side, falls into the Mediterranean Sea. It stands 12 Leagues from Tarragona East, and 16 from ••••∣rona towards the South, and 13 from Ossuna Ta∣ken by the French in 1640▪ but returned under the Spaniard in 1652▪ after a very sharp Siege. This City was Honored with the Title of an Earldom by Lewis the Good, after he had taken it from the Sa∣racens. Charles the Gross, gave this Earldom to Godfrey d'Arria, for his Service against the Normans, and his Heirs: after the Death of Raimond the last Earl, it was united to the Kingdom of Arragon in 1162. There were 3 small Councils celebrated in this City; one in 540. one in 603. and the last in 1064. James II. King of Arragon died here in 1327 Alfonsus IV. in 1336. and John II. in 1479.

Barcelonette, a Town and Valley in Provence heretofore, now in the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy. Built or rebuilt by Raimond V. Earl of Provence, in 1231▪ who called it by this name, in memory that his Ancestors came into Provence from Barcelona in Spain.

Barcelor, a City of the East-Indies, under the Dominion of the King of Bisnagar, upon the Sea Shoar, between Goa and Canora. It lies in almost 15▪ d. of Northern Lat. and Long. 105. This City was some time under the Portuguese, but is now re∣covered bythe King of Bisnagnar, a potent Indian Prince. It was also heretofore the Capital of a di∣stinct Kingdom.

Barcelos, Celiobriga, a small Town in Portugal, Honored with the Title of a Dukedom. It lies in the County of Entre Douro é minho, upon the Ri∣ver Cavado, which not far from thence falls into the Atlantick Ocean; 6 Leagues North of Porto, and 4 West of Braga.

Barcena, Coloe, a Marsh in Aethiopia, out of which ariseth the River of Astapus, as Ptolomy saith.

Bardewic, a most antient City in Saxony within a Mile of Lunenburg, said to be built 990 Years be∣fore the coming of our Saviour.

Bardi, a People amongst the antient Gauls, in very great Esteem with them for Poetry and Musick: supposed to dwell about Montbard, or Mont-Barri, in Latin Mons Bardorum, a Mountain in the Terri∣tory of Auxois in Burgundy, which still retains their Name.

Bardt, a small Town in Pomerania in Germany upon the Baltick Sea, which has yet a large Haven, and a very fine Castle, and a Lordship belonging to it, near the River Bart. This place was yielded to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munster, in 1647. ta∣ken by the Elector of Brandenburgh, but restored to them again in 1679. it lies 3 German Miles from the Borders of the Dukedom of Mecklebourg, and at the same distance from Damgarden towards the North-East, and about 8 from Berghen in the Isle of Rugia to the West.

Bareyt, a well built Town, very handsom, in Franconia in Germany. The ordinary Residence of the Marquess of Brandenburg, who has a noble Ca∣stle here.

Bargemon, Bargemonum, a Town in Provence in France, 5 Leagues from the Sea, in the Diocese of Freius, upon a fertile little Hill: heretofore one of the Apannages belonging to the Cadets of the House of the Earls of Provence. It is now observable for a miraculous Image of the B. Virgin, whose History is written by Lewis Sylvacane.

Barwick. See Berwick.

Bari, Barium, a City in the Kingdom of Naples in a Province of the same name, called Terra di Bari; which has been long Honored with the Title of a Dutchy; it is an Archbishops See, well fortified, and has an indifferent good Haven upon the Adriatick, about 20 Miles distant from Poliano to the South-East,

and Trani to the North-West. It has its name, as Festus writes, from Bara, a small Island near Brindisi, [Brundusium] the Inhabitants thereof building this City. The Body of S. Nicolas, Bishop of Myra in Lycia, one of the Fathers who opposed Arius in the first Council of Nice, is preserved in this City. P. Ʋrban II. celebrated a Council here in 1098. in which Anselme Archbishop of Canterbury disputed the cause of the procession of the Holy Ghost, and of the Union of the Eastern Church with the We∣stern, against the Greeks. The Terra di Bari is a part of the antient Apulia Peucetia, upon the gulph of Venice, betwixt the Basilicate and Terra di Otranto.

Barilliana, an Island at the mouth of the Da∣nube.

Barjols, Barjolum, a Town and Bailywick in Provence in France, in a very fruitful soil, adorn'd with a Collegiat Church since the Year 1060. During the Civil Wars of France, the Protestants took it in 1562. Those of the League retook it in 1590.

Barking, a Market Town in the County of Essex in the hundred of Becontree.

Barkshire. See Berkshire.

Barkway, a Market Town in Hartfordshire in the hundred of Edwinstree.

Barle-Duc, a neat and beautiful City, the Ca∣pital of the Dukedom of Barrois, built by Frederick I. Duke of Loraine in 951, upon the River Ornain, about 15 Miles from Nancy to the West, and thirteen from Chaalons: heretofore under the Dukes of Lo∣raine: but now incorporated into the Province of Champagne in France.

Barletta, Barolum, or Barulum, a City situate in or near the place of the old Canusium in Apulia Peucetia in Italy; an Haven or Sea-Port, reckoned for one of the four strong Holds of Italy in the mid∣dle Ages. It lies upon the Adriatick Sea, about 24 Miles West of Bari, 4 South of the Outlets of the River of Ofanto. A large and beautiful City, and the Seat of the titular Archbishop of Nazareth.

Barlinguas, Erythiae, a knot of small Islands upon the Coast of Portugal, call'd by various names. They lie between the C. de Rocca to the South, and the C. de Mondego to the North; and not above 2 Leagues from the Shores of Estremadura.

Barmach, an extraordinary high mountain in the Province of Schirvan in Persia. The ruines of se∣veral Fortresses appear upon it, supposed to have been built by Alexander M. and demolished by Tamer∣lane.

Barnagasso, one of the Kingdoms of Aethiopia, which pays yearly to the Turks 1000 Ounces of Gold. Its Capital City is Barva.

Barnavelt's Island in the Magellanique Sea, was discovered by the Hollanders in 1616. It stands near Terra del fuego and the Streights of le Maire.

Barnet, a Town in Hartfordshire; memorable for a bloody engagement here betwixt the Houses of Lancaster and York, wherein the latter carried the Victory. It affords medicinal Waters.

Barnesley, a Market-Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the hundred of Staincross.

Barnstaple, a Market Town in Devonshire in the hundred of Branton, upon the River Taw, over which it has a spacious Bridge. It sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament.

Baroche, a Town in the Kingdom of Guzerate in the Empire of the Great Mogul. The English en∣joy a good settlement in it.

Barra, a small Kingdom in Guinea in Africa: the King of which was engaged by the Dutch in 1663. to fall upon the English Factory there. There is also a Town in Palestine call'd by this name.

Barrant, a Marquisate in the Province of Guienne in France. §. Also a Fort upon the Frontiers of Dauphine and Savoy, one League from Montmelian: Storm'd and taken by the Duk. de Lesdignieres in 1528.

Barrois. See Bar.

Barrab. Arabia Petraea.

Barow, a River of the Province of Leinster in Ireland, which ariseth in Queens County in the Moun∣tains of Sliew Bloemy; and running Southward, wash∣eth the Eastern Side of Caterlagh and Laighlin: after which it receives from the West, another great River call'd Neure, which divides Kilkenny: a little further to the South, it entertains the Sewer, which water∣eth the Walls of Waterford; and being thus augmen∣ted, it entereth the British Sea about 20 Miles West of Cape Carn, the South-Eastern Point of Ireland.

Bart, Alisus, Bardum. See Barde.

Bartas, a small Territory in the Province of Ar∣maynac in France, near Aux. William de Saluste, the famous du Bartas, a Huguenot born in Gascoigne in 1545. and Author of the Poem of the Worlds Cre∣ation, received his title from hence.

Barton, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the hundred of Yarborough, upon the River Humber over against Hull.

Barva, a City of Abyssinia near the River Mara∣bu. The Capital of the Kingdom of Barnagasso.

Basil, Basilea, written in two of the Lives of Charles the Great, Basla; in after times Basula and Basala; by Cluverius, Artalbinum. It was a Bi∣shops See under the Archbishop of Besanzon, after the ruin of Augusta Rauracorum, which happened about the Year 800. Now the Principal City of Switzerland. It has its name from Basiliana the Mother of Julian the Apostate: but Valesius thinks the name rather taken from the River on which it stands, which he supposeth was then so call'd. It has a pleasant Situation, and is adorned with many mag∣nificent Structures, and Churches; watered by many sweet Fountains, blessed with an healthful Air, a va∣liant People, and plenty of all things. Very antient; as being said to be ruin'd by the Almains in the Year 260. and suffered much in after-times from the Huns. It was beloved by Henry I. and II. In the Year 1368. much enlarged by Frederick Blacken∣heim, Bishop of Strasburg, and Administrator of the Diocese of Basil, who first obtain'd a Charter of Free∣dom for it: in the Year 1392. it was made an Hanse Town. One of the greatest things of antient Times which has made it famous, was the General Council held here under Sigismond the Emperor, and by seve∣ral sessions continued from the Year 1431. to 1443. where it was decreed, that a General Council was a∣bove the Pope. Therefore Eugenius IV. dissolved it and convocated another at Ferrara. They refused to dissolve, deposed Eugenius, and elected Faelix V. Pope. The same Council established the pragmatick Sanction, that the Gallican Church received in 1438. in the presence of Charles VII. This City taught the rest of the Cantons the way of Leaguing and Unit∣ing: for the Pope having excommunicated Lewis the Bavarian, Emperor of Germany, the City of Basil persevered in the Service of that Prince, and was for it excommunicated too: whereupon they threw the Popes Legat into the Rhine, and to secure them∣selves, entered into a League with Zurich, and Bearn, and other of the Principal Cities, in 1327. This City embraced the Reformation in 1529. It is one of the most celebrated Universities in Christendom, which was opened here by Pius II. Ann. Dom. 1459. The Art of making Paper was first found in this City, in 1470. by Anthony and Michael Gallicion. This gave great encouragement to Printers: the first of which was Bernard Richel, who began to Print here in 1478. This City stands upon the Rhine,

which runs through it: 6 Miles from Fribourg, 18 from Constance to the West, 12 from Zurich, 38 from Ausbourg, 14 from Strasbourg. Long. 29. 15. Lat. 47. 25.

Basilicata, is a small County on the East of Campania, in the Kingdom of Naples. Taken out of Campania by Alphonsus, King of Naples; 33 Miles in length, and 10 in breadth; and was antient∣ly the Seat of the Picentini, a Colony of the Piceni, dwelling on the Adriatick Sea. It is bounded on the North by the Territory of Bari, and part of O∣tranto; on the East by the Gulph of Taranto; on the West by Principato, and on the South by Cala∣bria. The chief City of this Province is Cirenza, which stands near the Foot of the Apennine; it is a barren and not well inhabited Country.

Basiligorod. See Vasiligorod.

Basingstoke, a Market-Town, and a great Tho∣rough-fair in the County of Southampton. The chief of its Hundred. The Marquess of VVinchester, now Duke of Bolton, has a noble Seat hard by it.

Basques, or Païs de Basques, the French Bis∣caye, a Territory in the Province of Gascoigne, com∣prehending the lower Navarre, Soule and Labour. It was the Country of the antient Vascones or Bas∣cones, that came out of Spain, and invaded it. Roger Hovedon calls them Basclos. It is certain, that they were a distinct People, and spoke a different Lan∣guage from the Gascones, according to De Marca.

Basra, a Town in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, near the River Lucus; 30 Miles distant from Sala towards the east, and not far from the Province of Asgar.

Bassento, Bussento, Acheron, a River of Cala∣bria, in the Kingdom of Naples; it runs near Co∣senza, the principal City of Calabria, near which it falls in the River Grati, which falls into the Bay of Taranto. In the Bed of this River, Alaricus king of the Goths was buried, as Jornandes writeth.

Bass, a small Island not far from Edenburg, famous for the great quantity of Geese, that fre∣quent it at certain seasons. There is a Castle in it, standing upon a Rock that is Iriaccessable.

Basianello, a small Town in S. Peters Patrimo∣ny in Italy, towards the Confluence of the Ner a and the Tiber, which is here cover'd with a Stone-bridg. The Lake, antiently call'd Lacus Vadimonis, where P. Cornelius Dolabella, Consul, gain'd a Victory over the Thuscans and Gauls, in the year of Rome 471. lyes in the Neighbourhood of this place.

Bassano, a Town in the Marca Trevisana, in the States of Venice, upon the River Brenta.

La Bassee, a Town in Flanders, upon the Fron∣tiers of Artois, and the River Deule: Yielded to the French by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle, in 1668.

Bassigni, a County in Champagne, towards the Sources of the Marne and the Meuse: Its capital Town is Chaumont.

Bastia, the chief Town in Corsica, with a good Fortress and Haven to it. The Genoiiese Governour ordinarily resides here.

Bastick, a small Town in Epirus, where they usu∣ally embark for Constantinople.

Bastillca, a Country in the Island of Corsica.

Le Bastion de France,, a City near Hippo, now Bonne, in Barbary in Africa; deserted by the French in 1658.

Bastoigne, Belsonacum, is a Town in the Duke∣dom of Luxembourgh, near the Forrest of Ardenne; 3 Leagues from Neuf-Chateau, and from Luxem∣bourg. It is well so built and peopled, that those of the Country call it ordinarily Paris in Ardenne.

Basure, a River of the South America, falling into the River of Amazons: in the Country belong∣ing to the Charibes, Indians.

Batavi. See Holland.

Batavia, a City in Java, an Island in the East-Indies, built by the Dutch in the Year 1619. It is very strongly Fortified, seated in a Fruitful Plain, and well Traded; so that it is now thought one of the principal Cities of that part of the World: It has a Castle with a good Garrison; and the General Governour of the Affairs of the Dutch East-India Company, for the most part resides here. This Ci∣ty stands 18 Leagues from Bantam to the East, and 60 from Materan to the West. The Kings of Ban∣tam made War many years together against it, and in 1659. besieged it, but without any success; which however much hindred the Growth and Lustre of this City. There is also a River in the Terra Australis, to which the Dutch have given the same Name.

Batenbourg, a Town and Citadel in the Dutchy of Gelderland in the Low Countries, Two Leagues from Nimeguen. The cruel Duke D' Alva, Behead∣ed Two Brothers, Barons of this Place, in 1598. saying, The Jole of one Salmon was more valuable, than a number of little Fishes.

Bath, Aquae Solis, is a City of Somersetshire, situate upon the River Avon, which is mentioned both by the Greek and Latin Geographers. It is seated in a small low Plain, environ'd round about with Hills of almost an equal height, out of which many Springs continually fall into the Valley, to the great Benefit of the Inhabitants. Within this City are three Springs of Hot Water, of a blewish Colour, sending up from them some thin Vapors, and a strong Odour. These Springs are very Medicinal, and cure many Diseases. They say, Minerva, the Goddess of Baths and Fountains, had a Temple Con∣secrated to her in the Roman times, where the Abby stands now. Many Roman Inscriptions and Figures in Ingravery, appear upon the Wells about the Town. It was taken from the Britains by Cewalin, King of the West-Saxons, in 577. In the Reign of VVilliam Rufus it was sacked and burnt. John de Villula de Tours, Bishop of VVells, removed the Soe to this place, in the Reign of Henry I. but retain'd also the Title of VVells. The most Noble and Loyal John Greenvil, was created Earl of Bath, in the 19th. of Charles I. Aug. 13. 1643. His Fa∣ther, Sir Bevil Greenvil, having been slain at Lands∣down near this City, by the Rebels. It stands 15 Miles East of Bristol. Long. 20. 16. Lat. 51. d. 21. m.

Bathon, a Valley in Macedonia, where the An∣tients believed the Gyants Combated with the Gods. Pausanias says, they used to represent the manner of this Fight in some Sacrifices.

Baticala, a small City of the East-Indies, the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name; the Prince whereof is a Tributary to the King of Bisnagar: tho it is very small, yet it has a capacious Haven. § There is another of the same Name in the Island Ceylan, which is the Capital of a Kingdom there; and lately fallen into the Hands of the Hollanders.

Baticano, a Promontory in Calabria, in the Maps sometimes call'd Vaticano.

Battel, a Town in Sussex. Remarkable in the English History for the Victory of William the Con∣querour, here obtain'd, over King Harold, Octob. 14. 1066. In memory whereof, he built an Abbey of the Name, call'd Battel-Abbey. It is a Market-Town in Hastings Rape.

Batter, a large Province in Asia, heretofore call'd Bactriana. which see

Batta, a Province of the Kingdom of Congo in Africa.

Batten, or Button, an Island in the Indian O∣cean, to the West of the Island of Macassar.

Los Batuecos, a People in the Kingdom of Le∣on in Spain inhabiting the Mountains, betwixt Sa∣lamanca and Corica. They are believed to descend from the Goths.

Bavais, Bagacum, Bagacum Nerviorum, a ve∣ry antient Town in Hainault in Flanders, about 4 Leagues from Valenciennes, and 6 from Mons. It was twice burnt in the last Age, and repair'd again. The Cerque, Aqueduct, and Inscriptions here, are sufficient marks of its Antiquity. It stands upon the little River Osneau.

Bavari, Boij, Bojares, the first of the antient Germans that passed the Alps, and fixed their Standards upon the Banks of Tiber. They carried their victorious Arms even into Greece, beyond the Hellespont. These were the antient Inhabitants of Bavaria. See Bava∣ria.

Baudisten, a Town in Lusatia, a Territory be∣longing to the Elector of Saxony; between Misnia and Bohemia, where the Governour resides.

Bauge, a small Town in Anjou in France, where Charles VIII. then Dolphin, obtain'd a signal Victory against the English, commanded by the Duke of Cla∣rence, who was there slain in 1420. It stands 3 Leagues from La Fleche, upon the River Covesnon. Built by the old Earls of Anjou. § Another in the Province of Bresse in the same Kingdom, giving the Title of a Marquess, besides its Name to a Family, who have been the Sovereigns of Bresse above 400 years. In Latin Balgiacum, the other Balgium.

Baugenci, Balgentiacum, a Town upon the Loyre. In the Province of Orleans, betwixt Blois and Orleans. In 1152. a Council here Assembled, to take Cognisance of the degree of Parentage betwixt Lewis VII. King of France, and Eleanor his Wife, Dutchess of Guienne, Daughter to William X. the last Duke of Aquitain: (which said Degree of Parentage, rendred their Marriage nulland void from the beginning:) pronounced sentence of Divorce betwixt them; whereupon the said Prin∣cess remarried to Henry Duke of Normandy, afterwards Henry II. King of England; and in her Right, A∣quitane fell to the Crown of England. In 1428. the English took Baugenci, under the Command of the Earl of Salisbury, but abandoned it to the French the the Year after. For some time it continued under particular Sovereigns, who bought and sold it till the Year 1543. by arrest of Parliament, it was united to the Demains of the Crown of France.

Baulme, a Town in the higher Burgundy or Fran∣che Comte; 2 small Leagues from hence you see a natural deep and spacious Cave in the Earth, which furnishes the Country with continual Ice in the Sum∣mer, and in the Winter flows with Water.

Bauman, a vast Cave in the County of Regen∣stein in the lower Saxony, where they find numbers of Bones of divers Animals, and sometimes of Men as big as Gyants.

Bautrey, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Strafford.

Bautzen, Budisinum, the principal Town of Lu∣satia in Germany, seated upon the River Sprew, 7 Leagues from Dresden East. This place being at∣tacked by the Duke of Saxony in the Year 1634, Goltz the Governor for the Emperor, firing the Sub∣urbs to give the Enemy a stop, the fire in the con∣fusion seized the Town, and burnt it all down, ma∣ny Persons perishing in the Flames. This place was thereupon left to the Elector of Saxony, who is still possessed of it, but before it was a Free and Impe∣rial City.

Bayonue, Baiona, Boiatum, a very large, rich, strong City; seated upon the River Adour, about 2 Leagues from the Sea, in the Confines of the King∣doms of France, and Spain; honored with a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ausch; and has a large Haven on the Brittish Sea. It stands 6 Leagues from the Confines of Spain, 7 from Dax to the West, and 30 from Bourdeaux to the South. There was a famous Congress in this City between Charles IX. with Catharine de Medices his Mother, and Elisa∣beth Sister of Charles, Wife to Philip II. King of Spain: in which an Agreement was closely made be∣tween the two Crowns to ruin the Protestant Reli∣gion, both in France and the Low Countries; which was followed by Rivers of Human Blood, shed on that account: this was in the Year 1566 and men∣tioned by Thuanus and Grotius. § Also a Town in the Kingdom of Galicia in Spain, near the mouth of the River Minho, which falls into the Atlantick Ocean, betwixt it and Lima.

Baux, a Town in Provence in France, giving the Title of a Marquiss: it is situated upon a Rock, with a good Castle thereto, near Arles. There is an il∣lustrious House of this Name in Provence, and it is uncertain whether that has denominated the Castle of Baux, or the Castle it.

Babaria, called by the Germans Beyeren, a Duke∣dom in Germany; the second Circle in the Empire; having its name from the Avares, a People of the Huns, who possessed this Country. It is also call'd Bo∣jaria, from the Boii of France, who once dwelt here. And in the times of the Roman Empire, Noricum. Bounded on the North by Franconia, on the West by Schwaben, on the South by the Italian Alpes, and on the the East by Austria and Bohemia, Be∣fore the Treaty and Peace of Westphalia, it had lesser Bounds: but then it was not only raised in Honor, the Duke of Bavaria being made the VIII. Elector, but enlarged as to its Extent. This Country had Kings (after it was Conquered) from the Romans, to the times of Arnolphus the Emperour; and S. Lewis is said to have declared his Son Lewis King of Bavaria, in the Year 817. From those times to ours they have had Dukes; the first was Arnolphus, slain by the Normans, about the Year 891. The greatest part of this Country is Fruitful, and well cultivated, and has many noble and stately Cities, the principal of which is Munchen, (Monachium) seated on the Isar. The Family thereof gain'd the Upper Palatinate, by the Peace of Munster. He is of the Communion of the Church of Rome, and the far great∣est part of his Subjects; by which and their new Grants and Dignities, they are very firmly united to the House of Austria: which the present Emperor has improved by Marrying his Daughter to the now Duke of Ba∣varia.

Baz, Ocite, a small Island on the West of Ire∣land, over against the Earldom of Desmond in the Pro∣vince of Munster, North of the Bay of Dingle; call'd by the Irish Blasquo.

Baza, Basti, a City of the Kingdom of Granada in Spain. It was once a Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Eluire, at which time it was well Fortified; but now it is little inhabited, and every day decays; it stands upon the Borders of the Kingdoms of New Castile, and Murcia, 6 Leagues from Guadix to the South-East, 15 from Granato, and Gaen, or Jaen to the North-East, and 16 from Almeria to the North; it is built at the Foot of an Hill, in a Valley call'd from it Hoya de Baya, by an inconsiderable Brook.

Bazadois, Vasata, a small Territory in the Low∣er Guienne in France, which has the River Garonne on the North and West, Agenois on the East, and Condomois on the South. It has its name from Ba∣zas, the principal City of it, and a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Ausch; this City stands searce 3 Miles from the River Garonne towards the South, 7 from Bourdeaux to the North-East, 10 from Con∣domois,

and 17 from Ausch. It is mentioned by the Antients under the name of Cossium Vasatum, Civi∣tas Vasatica, and Vasatae Arehosae. And likewise the People of the Territory of Bazadois by the name of Vasates, who were the same perhaps with the Coco∣sates of Pliny and Cesar.

Bazaim, [Barace] a vast Tract of Land but very barren which lies between Egypt, and the King∣dom of Tunis in Africa; the same which was called Marmarica, as Bochart saith. § Also a Town in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the hither East-Indies: situated upon the Coast of the Gulph of Cambaia, 26 Leagues from Daman to the South. It has been in the hands of the Portuguese ever since the Year 1534. who have built a good Cittadel with several stately Churches in it, and made it a fine Town; therefore fuller of Gentry than Goa; insomuch that Fidalgos de Bazaim, a Gentleman of Bazaim, is become a Proverb with the Portuguese.

Bazano, a Mountain of Abruzzo, in the Kingdom of Naples in the Territory of Aquila; of which mention is made in the Life of S. Justin.

Bazas. See Bazadois.

Bazois, a District in France in the Dukedom of Nivernois.

Beaconsfield, a Market-Town in Buckingham∣shire, in the Hundred of Burnham, on a small Hill.

Beareford, was a small Monastery built by the Danes in Greenland about 300 Years since, but now a long time ago deserted and ruined.

Bearne, a fruitful and well Watered Territory in the South of France, advanced to the Honor of a Principality. It lies at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains, which part it from the Kingdom of Ara∣gon towards the South; upon the East it has the County of Bigorre, and Armagnac le Noir; upon the North Gascogny, and upon the West the King∣dom of Navarr. This Country had heretofore Prin∣ces of its own, one of which by a Marriage with E∣lenora Queen of Navarr, united it to that Kingdom. Henry IV. brought it to the Crown of France, and by a Decree it was annexed for ever to that Kingdom in 1620.

Beaucaire, a small City in the Province of Lan∣guedoc in France; upon the River Rhosne, right over against Tarascon; 4 Leagues from Avignon towards the South, and 3 from Arles towards the North; most remarkable for its Fairs. It is called in Latin, Belloquadra. This Town was taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of France. It had a Castle in it built upon a Rock to the River side, which the last King commanded to be demolished.

Beauce or Beausse, Belsia, a Province of France, that heretofore was of very large extent, but is now much less, and the Bounds not well known. It lies between the Loyre on the South, and the Seyn to the North; the principal Towns in it are, Chartres, Chasteaudun, Montoir, Pluviers, Estampes, and Ven∣dosme. This Province lying so near to Paris, a con∣siderable part of it has been taken into the Isle of France. The Soil is dry, but very fruitful, and a∣bounding in all things, especially Corn; so that it is called totius Galliae Horreum, the Store-house or Gra∣nary of all France.

Beauchamp, a place near Calais in Picardy. The Duke of Somerset is Baron of Beauchamp.

Beaufort, a Castle in the Dukedom of Anjou in France; which belonged heretofore to the House of Lancaster, and was much beloved by John of Gaunt; who caused all his Children that he had by Catharine Swinford to be called Beauforts, who were after∣wards Dukes of Somerset and Exeter, and Earls of Dorset. The most noble Henry Somerset late Mar∣quess of Worcester being descended from the antient Dukes of Somerset, was December 2. 1682. by Charles II. of most blessed Memory, created Duke of Beaufort This Castle lies about 3 Leagues East of Angiers, and 2 from the Loyre. And is now possessed by the House of Beaumanoir-Lavardin, with the inferiour Title of an Earl from the King of France. § There is an∣other Beaufort in Champagne: this is a small Town, but honored above the other with the Title of a Dutchy by Henry le Grand, in the year 1597. which Title has been granted by Lewis XIII. to the House of Vendosme.

Beaujalois, a small Country contained in the Ly∣onnois a Province in France with the Title of a Ba∣rony. It takes its name from the Town Beaujeu. in Latin Bdujovium or Beltiecum, upon the River Ardiere; the same does the House of Beaujeu.

Beaumaris, a Town in the Island of Anglesey, with a Port to the River Menay. It is called in La∣tin Bellomariscus; and Elects one Burgess for the Parliament.

Beaumont in Argonne, a Town in the little Country of Argonne near the Mense in France. It suffered much in the Civil Wars of that Kingdom.

Beaumont sur Oyse, a Town upon the Oyse, at the foot of an Hill in the Isle of France, about 8 Leagues from Paris towards the North.

Beaumont le Roger, a Town in the Dukedom of Normandy in France, upon the River Rugle; Four Leagues from Eureux towards the West, and about 6 from Roan towards the South; so called from Roger one of its Counts, who built or at least enlarged it; it having the Honor to give that Title. § There is another Town called Beaumont also near the Sea Shoar, in the District belonging to Coutance; three Leagues West of Cherbourg.

Beaumont, a Town of Hainaut in the Nether∣lands, adorned with the Title of a Dukedom, to which belongs a Castle; it stands 7 Leagues from Mons to the South-East, and 4 from Chimay to the North, and about 2 from the Sambre.

Beaumont le Vicomte, a small City in the Duke∣dom of Maine, which has the Honor to be a Duke∣dom; it lies in the middle between Mayenne and Alenzon, upon the River Sarte: And having for∣merly been a Viscounty, for that reason retains this name.

Beaune, a Town in Burgundy famous for the ex∣cellent Wines it yields. In Latin, Belna; it stands upon the River Burgeoise, 4 Leagues from the Sone, betwixt Dijon Autun and Chalon. Lewis XII. built it a Castle: there is a great number of Churches and Monasteries in it, and particularly the Hospital is one of the finest Structures in the Kingdom.

Beaute, was heretofore a Royal Castle upon the Maine near the Wood of Vincennes, belonging to the Kings of France; and Honored with this name, because it deserved it. Charles V. King of France, died here in 1380. Some Ruins of it are yet to be seen.

Beauvais, Caesaromagus, a City of the Isle of France, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Rheims; the Bishop is one of the 12 Peers of France: it is well fortified, and the Capital of a Di∣ocese of the same name; and stands upon the River Terrain, 16 Leagues from Paris towards the North, 18 from Abbeville, and 16 from Roan towards the East. In 1114. Conon Bishop of Palestine the Popes Legate held a Council here, which Excommunicated the Emperor Henry V. This Country of Beauvoisis was the Seat of the antient Bellovaci, so honourably mentioned by Julius Cesar.

Beauvois, Bilumnum, a Village in Savoy.

Bechir, Ligir, a River of Boetia, now called by the Turks, Seramulipa.

Bechires, an antient People of Scythia, who came with Attila into Italy; and further we have no account of them, but that of their hard drinking of the Wine there.

Bechria, the Lower Aegypt.

Beckles, a Market-Town in Suffolk, in the Hun∣dred of Wangford, upon the Banks of the River Wa∣veney. The Grammar School here is endowed with 10 Schollarships for Emanuel College in Cambridge.

Becsangial, Bithynia, a Province of the Lesser Asia.

Bed, the Mountains of the Moon in Aethiopia.

Bedal, a Market-Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Hang East, upon the River Swale and a small Stream there falling into it.

Bedalac, Lethes, a River of Andalusia, common∣ly called Guadalete; it falls into the Ocean at Cadis.

Bedford, Lactodurum, or Lactodorum, one of the most antient Towns in England, being mentioned by Antoninus. It stands on both sides of the River Ouse, which is here covered with a Stone Bridge. This Town is more to be commended for its pleasant Si∣tuation and Antiquity, than for the Beauty or Great∣ness of it, though it has 5 Churches. It is the Prin∣cipal or County Town; so it sends 2 Burgesses to Parliament. In the Year 572. the Saxons under Cuthwolf defeated the Britains near this place. Af∣terwards it gave the Title of Duke to John of Lan∣caster, Son to Henry IV. and Brother to Henry V. who was the Regent of France under Henry VI. The same Title was continued to Jaspar of Hatfield Uncle to Henry VII. The Honorable William Russel and his Ancestors, have born the Title of Earls of Bed∣ford, ever since the third Year of Edward VI.

Bedfordshire, is bounded on the East and South by Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire; on the West∣by Buckinghamshire, and on the North by Northam∣tonshire and Huntingtonshire. The River Ouse di∣vides it into 2 parts; the North parts of it are most fruitful, and better Wooded; the Southern parts tho leaner, yet are not altogether barren, but yield good Crops of Barley. Sir John Russel Comptroller of the Houshold to Henry VIII. was created a Baron in 1538. and Earl of Bedford by Edw. VI. in 1548 whose descend∣ent William the fifth Earl of this Family, now enjoys it.

Bediford, a Market-Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Shebbear: the Earl of Bath has a Noble Seat here. It stands upon the River Towridge.

Bedovins, a wild People dwelling in the several quarters of the Desarts of Arabia in Tents, (whence heretofore they got the name of Scenitae) and not to be perswaded by any Invitations to settle in Towns. They divide themselves into Tribes and Families, and take their quarters accordingly under their respective Chiess: but their principal business is to rob the Cara∣vans that go to Mecca, for which attempts they are provided with Horse and Arms.

Befort, a strong Town in Alsatia, in the Terri∣tory of Suntgow, 4 Leagues from Pfirt to the West, and about 7 from Basil to the West also. This was yielded to the French by the Treaty of Munster: heretofore the head of an Earldom.

Behemerland, the Kingdom of Bohemia.

Behemerwald, a part of the Hercynian Forest lying in Bohemia.

Behenhauseu, a Town of Schwaben, in the Duke∣dom of Wirtemberg.

Beja, a City of Portugal, antiently called Pax Julia; it lies in the Province of Entre-tejoe Guadia∣na, near the River Odiarca which falls into the Gua∣diana; well built, fortified, and has the Title of a Dukedom; it stands 2 Leagues from the Guadiana, towards the West; called Pacca by the Moors.

Bejar, a Village of the Kingdom of New Castile in Spain, upon the River Madera, in the Borders of the Kingdom of Murcia; searce 2 Leagues from Al∣caraz to the East. This is most propably thought to be the Roman Bigerra.

Bejar de Melena, a ruined City of Andaluzia in Spain. Some take it to be the Mellaria of the An∣tients, which was the Birth-place of the excellent Geo∣grapher Pomponius Mela.

Beila, or Beia, a Town in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, thought to be the Bulla regia of the Anti∣ents. It has the happiness to stand in a Soil that is so exceeding fruitful, that the People say there, if they had two Beia's, there would be as many Grains of Corn in Africa, as Grains of Sand in the Sea.

Beilstein, Bilistinum, a small Town in the Pro∣vince of Weteraw in Germany, bearing the Title of an Earldom. Its Situation is betwixt Marpurg, Nas∣sau, and Coblentz.

Bein Elnabarim, the Persian Gulph.

Beira, a very large Province upon the Sea-Coast of Portugal, accounted 130 Miles long and 95 broad, and divided into 6 Counties, the chief City whereof is Coimbra. The same was the Seat of those antient People of Spain, called Transcedani, says Vasconcellos.

Belac, a Town in the Province of Marche in France, under the generality of Limoges, upon the little River Vincon, which receives here below the Seve and the Basile.

Belay, Belica, a City that heretofore belonged to the Duke of Savoy, but in 1601. was taken from him by Henry IV. It is the Head of the Territory of Baugey, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Besancon; it stands upon a rising Ground near the Ri∣ver Rhosne, not above 12 Miles from Lyons towards the East, 10 from Grenoble to the North, and 12 from Geneva.

Beltingham, a Market-Town in Northumberland in Tindale Ward.

Belvais, and Belbes, Pelusium, was a City seated upon the most Eastern Branch of the Nile, towards Palestine. Though this City is intirely ruined, and another called Damiata or Damietta is sprung out of it, which I shall mention in its proper place; yet the State of the antient Town ought here to be de∣scribed. This place in Scripture is called Sin; which (as the Greek name which it afterwards bore 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) signifies Clay or Mire, because it was seated in a deep Miry Marsh upon the Nile. And it was for ma∣ny Ages the Key of Egypt; that Country being of a very difficult Access on the side of Syria; accordingly when Cambyses invaded Egypt, Polyoenus in his 7th. Book de Stratag. tells us, that Cambyses vigorously attacked Pelusium, and the Egyptians as couragious∣ly defended it, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Shutting up the Entrance of Egypt against him. Diodorus Siculus tells us, the Kings of Egypt fortified this place on the same account, with the utmost care and diligence; see M. Bochart in his Geographia Sa∣cra. lib. 4. cap. 27. The Grecian Race of Kings were no less careful of the keeping this Place; and after the Romans had it they did not neglect it neith∣er: Aelius Hadrianus, one of their Emperors, encom∣passed it with 3 Walls, and called it by his own name Aeliopolis. In the times of Christianity it was the Seat of an Archbishop under the Patriarch of Alexandria. But when the Arabians and Saracens prevailed, they, as their Custom is, intirely ruined this antient and most Noble City; and built another on the opposite Shoar of the Nile, which they called Damiata. Pelusium stands 150 Miles from Alexandria to the East, and 120 from Memphis or Grand Cairo, to the North-East, and not far from the Mediterranean Sea: in Long. 63. 20. and Lat. 32. 20.

Beleguanza, This has passed with divers for a Pro∣vince of Abyssinia; but Ludolfus informs us, there are 2 Kingdoms in Abyssinia, called Bali and Ganz; and •• hat Baleguanza, instead of a Province, is but a Composition of their 2 Names.

Belenas, a City of Palestine, called Dan in An∣tient times,

Beles, Subi, a small River of Catalonia, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea between Barcelona and Tarragona, at the Town of Siges.

Belesine, a Town in the Upper Perche in France, where the States of the Province ordinarily assemble. It is honored with a Castle.

Belesta, a Fountain in the County of Foix in A∣quttain in France; which is particular for havinga flux and reflux, increasing and decreasing continually eve∣ry Hour, from the end of July to the beginning of December.

Belforte, there are 3 places thus called; one in Narbone in France, the Seat of the old Vocontii, up∣on the Durance; another in Istria, and a third in Calabria Ʋlterior.

Belgart, a Town in the Dukedom of Pomerania in the Territory of Cassuben; which lies between the Baltick Sea, and Prusia upon the River Persante; 2 Miles from the Baltick Sea, and 3 from Colberg.

Belgan, a vast Mountain in Tartary, called Ima∣us by the Latin Geographers; which runs very near the whole length of Asia, from North to South. See Imaus.

Belgae, a Warlike and Hardy People of the anti∣ent Gallia Belgica, mentioned with Honor by Jul. Caesar. For their Boundaries, See Gallia. The name now of Belgae and Belgium, all know, is given to the Low Countries.

Belgiojosa, a Village and Castle in the Dukedom of Milan, within 5 Miles of Pavia near the Po, be∣longing to the Counts of Barbiano.

Fort Belgique, Arx Belgica, the name that the Hollanders have given to one of their Forts in the Island of Nera belonging to Banda, amongst the Moluccaes.

Belgrade, Alba Graeca, called by the Germans, Griechisch Weissemburg, by the Italians Belgrado, is a great and strong City belonging to the Kingdom of Hungary, seated upon the South side of the Save, where it falls into the Danube, in the Province of Rascia; this was a long time the Bulwark of Chri∣stendom against the Turks, who lost several Armies before it. Amurath II. lost here a Victorious Army in 1439. and when Mahomet II. his Son besieged this City a second time, An. 1456. with an Army of 250000 Men, the brave Huniades preserved it, and ruined that vast Army by a Stratagem; for he suffer∣ed a Party of the Turks to enter the Town, and whilst they were Plundering the Houses, made a Sally upon those without, took their Cannon and turned them upon themselves; in the Confusion destroying 40000 of them, and possessed himself of their Cannon, Camp, Baggage and Amunition; so that the Turks were forced to an inglorious Flight. Johannes Huniades died the same year of the Plague. But in 1521. So∣lyman the Magnificent took it after a Siege of two Months, Lewis then King of Hungary a Child of 15 Years of Age not regarding it, and all the other Christian Princes being engaged in mutual and de∣structive Wars. The Imperialists won it again Sept. 6. 1688. by Storm: about 600 Christian Slaves were happily released on the occasion; who being most of them chained together and placed before a Party of Turks to screen them from the Fury of the Soldiers, obtained Quarter for themselves and their Enemies. But the Turks possessed themselves again of it, Oct. 8. 1690. a chance Bomb communicating a Fire from one Magazine to another with so much fury, that a great number of the Garrison were blown up with the Walls and Ramparts, the Ditch filled and so large a passage made for the Enemy, that they entred by entire Squadrons, and cut to peices all they met. This City belongs properly to Servia; the Despot of which Consigned it over to Sigismund King of Hungary, for Lands of a better value; distant from Vienna 102 German Miles, 26 days Journey from Constantinople. Leo X. made it a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Antivari in Dalmatia. Long. 47. 00. Lat. 46. 50.

Beligrard, Hermonassa, a small Town or City of Bessarabia, towards the Mouth of the River Monca∣stro, by the Moldavians called Bialogrod, and by the Turks Beligrard. See Bialogrod.

Bella more. The White Sea.

Bellac, a small City in the County of La Marche in France, upon the River Ʋnicou, 2 Leagues from Do∣rat to the South and seven from Limoges to the North.

Belle, or Bailleul, a Town in Flanders, three Leagues from Ipre.

Bellegarde, a small City in the Dukedom of Bur∣gundy, upon the River Saone, [Arar]. This City was once very well fortified; it stands 5 Leagues from Challon to the North, and not far from the Borders of the Dukedom. In 1620. itself was advanced to the Title of a Dukedom. § Likewise the name of a strong place in the County of Rousillon upon the Frontiers of Catalonia, betwixt Ceret and Jonquera. The Spaniards made themselves Masters of it in 1674. and after they had fortified it were obliged to sur∣render it to the French again, when they attacked it under the Comand of the late famous Mareschal Schomberg.

Belle-Ifle, Calonesus, an Island upon the South∣ern Coast of Britany in France, not far from the Port of Brest; 6 Leagues in Length and 2 in Breadth, called by the Dutch Boelin. It is furnished with a good Road and Castles to secure it, and carries the honor to be advanced to a Marquisate. § Like∣wise an Island belonging to China in the Eastern Ocean, having the Province of Fuquien to the West, and the Philippins to the South. In Latin stiled For∣mosa. The Hollanders did their utmost endeavors to settle in it, but were expelled thence by the Chinese. Its chief Towns are Toyoan, Gillira, Wankan, &c.

Belle-Perche, a Town in the Dukedom of Bour∣bonne in France upon the River Allier.

Belluna, a City of the Marquisate of Trevigiana, which is the cheif, and gives name to a small Terri∣tory, under the Dominion of the Commonwealth of Venice. It is little but fair, and a Bishops See, un∣der the Patriarch of Aquileja. And stands upon the River Piave, which falls into the Gulph of Venice, 13 Leagues from Venice to the South-East; the Ci∣ty of Belluno lies 15 Leagues from Feltria to the South-East.

Belvoir Castle, a noble Seat of the Earl of Rut∣land's in Lincolnshire, in the Hundred of Grantham, yielding a most delightful and spacious Prospect. The Astroites, a Stone irradiated with Beams like a Star, thought heretofore to be an infallible signal of Victo∣ctory to him that wore one, is found about this Place.

Belz, a City of Black Russia in the Kingdom of Poland, 5 Leagues from the River Bug, between Lem∣bourg and Zamosky. This City is small, and built all of Wood, but yet it is a Palatinate, and possessed at present by a Person of great Worth.

Beltz, or Belts, the Name of the Baltick Sea, taken from two very narrow Streights thereof so call'd, the one betwixt the Islands of Funen and Zeland, the other betwixt Funen and the Terra firma

of Jutland; which are rarely ever passed by Vessels of great Burthen, because the Sound is both a deep∣er Water and larger than they. The March of Charles Gustavus King of Sweden with his Army over this Passage upon the Ice, was certainly one of the most adventurous and memorable Actions of the War the last Age, neither is there an Exam∣ple like it to be found in any other.

Belvedore, a Province in the Morea, heretofore call'd Elis, the Capital Place is so call'd also; it lies in the Western Part over against Zant. In anci∣ent time, Pausanias saith, the Silks of this Country were finer, and more esteem'd than those of Judea. It is a pleasant Country, and has its Name from its beautiful Prospect. § There is another place near Syracuse in Cicily, of the same name, which was cal∣led by the Ancients Euryalus. As is also a part of the Popes Palace at Rome.

Belus, a river of Phaenicia in Syria. It be∣gins its course at the Lake of Cendavia near Acra; and passes a valley, where the Sands that it amasses together in vast Quantities, says Pliny, it changes into Glass: yet this is the least of those Wonders, which that credulous noble Author reports of it.

Bemarin, a Province in Florida, under the command of the King of the Apalechites, Indi∣ans, at the foot of the Mountains; where stands its Capital Town Melitot.

Bemyster, A Market Town in Dorsetshire, and the chief of its Hundred.

Bena, a Kingdom in the Southern part of Gui∣nea in Africa, with a small City of that Name, seat∣ed on the South side of the River Forcados, about 20 Leagues from the Ocean; in Lat. 8. d. Long. 31. 50. The People of it are call'd Sousos.

Benacus, The antient Name of one of the great∣est Lakes in Italy, otherwise now call'd Lac de la garde. It extends it self in Length from East to West 30 Miles; in Breadth, about 10. in the Ter∣ritory of Verona, within the States of Venice. There was anciently a Town Benacus in these Quar∣ters which gave name to it. It discharges it self into the Lake of Mantua by the River Menzo, and thence into the Po.

Benanarim, a Province in Mauritania Tingi∣tana.

Benares, A famous City of Indostan (or the Empire of the great Mogul) upon the Ganges, in a very good Country. It is the Ʋniversity of the Indies; the general School for Philosophy, Physick, Astrology, and Pagan Divinity, that serves all the Gentry and all the ingenious of these Parts. Here the Bramans and the Pendets, that is, the great Doctors of Paganisme, are attended, not as in Europe indeed in Colleges, but in their Houses and Gardens, with multitudes of Scholars that study with them many years. They learn first the Divine Language, call'd Hanscrit in which they say the holy Books of the Law were written that God gave to Brama their Prophet. Of this Language we have an Al∣phabet in Kircher. It is quite different from the ordinary Indian, and much more ancient; so that none understand it but their learned Men. Next, they read an Abridgment, they call Purane, of the Books of their Law; and so pass to Philosophy. In Philosophy, though they know nothing of the Learning of Greece, they argue much to the same effect with Plato, Aristotle, Democritus and Epi∣curus; and are divided in a manner into the same Sects as they, only with more Confusion of Thought, with Fables. Astrology they are mightily inclin'd to, had they but somemore lights into that Science. Their Physick is for the most part Receipts: But for Anatomy, they are in no Condition to know it, be∣cause they will not presume to cut up the body either of man or Beast. Some years since the Do∣ctors of this place held a famous Cabal, which made the more noise upon the account that they gain'd the Son of the Great Mogul to their Opinion. It seems they were fallen upon the Doctrine of an Anima mundi, An universal Soul and Spirit dif∣fused throughout the World, of which the Souls of Men and Animals are as so many Portions. And this is also the prevailing Opinion of the Sophies of Persia.

Benavari, a Town of Aragon in Spain, to which belongs a Castle. It is seated in the Confines of Ca∣talonia, 6 Leagues distant from Balbastro to the East; this place is the Capital of the County of Ribagorza; a small ill Peopled place between the Rivers of Cinea and Segre.

Benavente, a Town in the Kingdom of Portugal, in the Province of Estremadura, 1 League from the Tage or Tajo, 4 from Scalabi, and 9 from Lisbon, supposed to be the antient Aritium. § There is an∣other Town of the same name in the Kingdom of Leon, upon the River Esta, which washeth the Walls of Leon; It lies in a Plain, and has a Castle, and is the Capital of the County of Pimentel, 7 Leagues from Sentica to the North, about 12 from Leon to the South, and 15 from Palantia to the West: per∣haps this is the old Vallata. Ferdinand II. King of Leon, died in this Town in the Year 1118.

Benda, a City of Albania in Macedonia, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Durazzo, [Durrachium] It now lies in Ruins, under the sla∣very of the Turks, and the Bishop resides at Mamoli; yet from this place the adjacent Country is call'd Ben∣da, under which Title is included also Sermenica, a small District towards Croia, as I have heard (saith M. Baudrand) from the Archbishop of Durazzo.

Bendarmasin, a City and Kingdom in the South∣ern part of the Island of Borneo in the East-Indies, about 3 Degrees from the Line on the West.

Bene, a small Town in Piedmont, sometime bear∣ing the Title of an Earldom. The Spaniards besieg'd it in 1553. unsuccesfully: its Fortifications have been ruined since.

Benevento, Beneventum, a City of the Princi∣patus Ʋlterior in the Kingdom of Naples, which is an Archbishops See, belonging to the Pope, upon the River Sabato, where it takes in the River Tamo∣ra: built by Diomedes, together with Arpi, a City of Apulia, and called the Colony of Concordia by Frontinus. It lies 28 Miles from Capua to the East, and 32 from Naples to the North-East. This was the Country of those two antient Grammarians, the Orbilii. Victor III. and Gregorius VIII. Popes were born here. Not far from it Manfred King of Sicily was slain in the Year 1266. by Charles Duke of An∣jou. This City was granted to Leo IX. by Henry IV. in exchange for Bamberg in the Year 1053. when he came into Italy to be Crowned. It was one of the 18 Colonies which continued faithful to the Romans against Hannibal: ruined afterwards by To∣tila, and rebuilt by the Lombards who made it a Dukedom. The Saracens became after this Masters of it; from whom Lewis II. Emperor, took it in the Year 866, and granted it to Aldegisus in the 871. Now annexed to the Papacy. A dreadful Earthquake which happened in June 1688. did al∣most totally ruin it; scarce 600 of the Inhabitants out of as many thousand and upward being left alive; amongst whom Cardinal Ʋrsini their Archbi∣shop was taken out of the Ruins of his own Palace. The Dukedom of Benevento was once a conside∣rable part of the South of Italy, in the times of the Lombards, and Charles the Great: instituted by Au∣tharius

King of the Lombards, and ended in the Year 851. when the Saracens conquered it. In 866. it was reconquered by the Germans: in 1053. it was granted to the Pope, but much restrained as to its Bounds: yet then it took in the greatest part of the Principatus Ʋlterior. Since which the Spaniards have restrained it; so that it extends not above 3 or 4 Miles from the Walls of the City.

Benfeild, once a Wall'd Town, or City of Alsa∣tia▪ but dismantled by the Treaty of Munster; un∣der the Dominion of the Bishop of Strasburg; from which it lies about 3 German Miles towards the South upon the River Ill, about 2 Miles from Rhinaw to∣wards the North-West.

Bengale, a Kingdom in the East Indies, on the River Ganges, under the Dominion of the great Mo∣gul for many past Ages, but which had before Kings of its own. It is a very fruitful Country, and extends 220 Leagues from East to West, and 120 from North to South. Bounded on the East by India extra Gan∣gem, on the South by the Bay of Bengale, on the West and North by the Territories of the Mogul. The City of Bengale lies in the bottom of the Bay, in the most North-Eastern Angle of it, upon the River Cosmi∣te. It is great, and drives a vast Trade with the Euro∣pean Nations, as generally Authors say that have written of Bengala; yet some modern Accounts will tell us, there is no Town or City of this Name there.

Benges, a River which riseth in the Lower Au∣stria, and entring the Lower Hungary, falls into the River Rab.

Benguola, a Country of the Lower Aethiopia, and a Town there with a good Port to the Sea of Congo, which the Hollanders have been Masters of for some time. This Country lies in the Kingdom of Angola.

Benibessera, a large Country in Libya in Africa, upon the Borders of the Kingdom of Tremissen.

Beni-Gebara, a Mountain in the Province of Cuzt in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa: so well in∣habited that it is able to produce 7000 fighting Men; and so fruitful, that they may endure a Siege of 10 Years without the fear of a Famine. The A∣venues of it are very difficult. Thence the Inhabi∣tants preserve their Liberty inviolate, paying a Tribute to the King of Fez.

Beni-Guazeval, a Mountain containing above 120 Villages, together with a good large Town, in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, in the Province of Errif: yet at the very top, opens and casts forth Flames of Sulphur.

Benin, a Kingdom of Guiney in Africa with a Town of the name upon the River Behin. It is the best Town belonging to the Negroes. The said Ri∣ver discharges it self soon after into the Gulph of S. Thomas.

Ben-Oriegan, a Mountain in the Province of Errif, in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, towards the Coast of the Mediterranean: 3 Leagues in length, in breadth about half that: curiously enriched with Vines, Olives, and the odoriferous Cedars.

Beni-Suaid, a Town upon the Banks of Nile in Aegypt, 2 Leagues from Cairo. It stands in a large Plain, which abounds with Line and Hemp.

Beni-Tendi, a ruined Town in the Province of Habat, in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the River Er∣guile. The Rests of stately Edifices, ••ombs, and Fountains do incur here the Eye of the Spectator.

Beni-Usa, or Bervira, a fruitful and well Inha∣bited Mountain in the Province of Errif in the King∣dom of Fez, near the Mountain of Gualida. The Inhabitants of these 2 Mountains are almost continu∣ally at War.

Beni-Yasga, a Mountain in the Province of Cuzt in Africa, in the Kingdom of Fez, inhabited by a Rich and Martial People. There is an abundance of Vines, and Olives, and Cattle, and Corn upon it. The River Cebu or Suba glides near it.

Benthem, a Town and Castle of Westphalia, which stands upon the River Vidrus, near Oldenzael, and is the Head of a small County in the West part of Westphalia; called in the German Tongue das Grathrtchaft von Benthem: lies between the Bi∣shoprick of Munster to the East, Over-Yssel and the Territory of Tuvent to the West; and upon the North and South it is inclosed by the River Vechta. The Castle or Town of Benthem lies 2 Miles from Oldenzael, a Town in the South-East Angle of the Province of Over-Yssel; ten from Deventer to the East.

Bentivolio, Pons Poledranus, a Castle in the Do∣minions of the Church, in the Territory of Bononia; from which City it lies 10 Miles towards the North, in the Road to Ferrara; heretofore a Noble Pile, but now half ruined: this gave name to the Family of the Bentivolio's, who for many Years Principatum Bononiae tenuere, were Princes of Bononia. And of later times this Family has afforded some excellent Persons.

Bera, a City of the Kingdom of Granada, com∣monly called Vera.

Beraun, a small Town in Bohemia upon the Ri∣ver Mies: 3 German Miles from Prague towards the West: called by the Germans Bern, in Latin Berau∣na and Verona.

Berbero, Arbis, a River of Persia, in the Pro∣vince of Send, [Sinda] which borders East upon In∣dia propria, and West upon Macran.

Berckel, Velicer, the same with the River Aa, in Westphalia.

Berdoa, a desart Country in Zaara in Africa, be∣twixt the Kingdom of Gaoga and the Country of Lempta. There is a Town in it of the same name. Sands, Scorpions and Monsters are almost the only things to be seen here.

Bere Regis, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire. The chief of its Hundred.

Bereberes, an antient People of Barbary in Afri∣ca, divided into 5 Tribes called the Mazamudins, Zenetes, Haoares, Zinhagiens and Gomeres; from which the Grandees of Africk derive their Original. They came hither out of Arabia Foelix under Me∣lech-Ifiriqui King of the said Arabia, and in time made themselves Masters of a great part of Africk; often Usurping upon each other for the Government, till they were all Conquered by the Turks.

Berecynthus, a Mountain of Phrygia in Asia Mi∣nor, famous heretofore for the Worship of the God∣dess Cybele, who thence is styled Berecynthia.

Berenice. See Bernish.

Berg, or Berghen, the Dutch and German names for Mons, a City of Hainault. § Also a Province of Westphalia in Germany, lying along the Rhine, betwixt the County of Mark and the Bishoprick of Cologne, called the Dutchy of Berg, and in Latin Bergensis Regio. Dusseldorp is its Capital Town.

Bergamo, Bergomum, a City of Italy, belonging to the Venetians, which was once a part of the Duke∣dom of Milan: a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan; built with others by the Orobii; call'd by Paulus Diaconus, Pergamum; and by the Writers of the middle Ages Bergamum. This City is placed on the side of a Mountain, the Foot of which is covered by large Suburbs: it is great and Populous, and lies between the River Brembo, (which 8 Miles further falls into the Adda) and the Serio, which falls also in the Adda. It has a Castle called Capella, and it lies 30 Miles from Brixia, towards Milan to the

West, and the same distance from Como to the East; from hence the Family of the Bergoma's take their name. The same is the Capital of the Country adja∣cent, called Bergamasco.

Bergen, Bergos, or Berga, a City of Norway on the Northern Ocean, call'd by the Natives Baern, by the Germans Berghen. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Drontheim: a celebra∣ted Mart, has a large and safe Harbour, surround∣ed almost on all sides with high Mountains, and lies in a winding Bay, call'd Jelta fiored, 12 Miles from the Ocean: it has a strong Castle call'd Bergen-Hus, and lies in the small Territory of Nord Horland, which is Subject to the King of Denmark, as King of Norway; 23 from Linde Noes, or the most Southern Point of Norway, and 80 from the nearest Coast of Scotland; at this day without dis∣pute, the best and richest City of all Norway. But made more famous by the Valour of the English, who in 1665. entred this Port, and fell upon the Dutch East-India Fleet, to their great damage; and had certainly destroyed them all, if contrary Winds had not given them time to draw their Canon ashoar to their defence.

Bergen op Zoom, call'd by the French, Bergue sur le Zoom, is a small, but strong City in the Duke∣dom of Brabant, upon the River Schelde. Erected into a Dukedom in 1533. and revolting with the Ʋnited Provinces, was attempted without success, by the Marques•• Spinola, in 1622. So that it still belongs to the Hollanders. It stands 7 Leagues from Antwerp towards the North, and 5 from Breda to the South-West.

Bergen, the chief Town of the Island of Rugen on the Coast of Pomerania in the Baltick Sea, which has belonged to the Swedes every since 1630.

Bergerac, a City of Perigord, upon the River Dordogne; 5 Miles from Pergueux to the South, and about 9 from Sarlat; a rich and fine City. The English had it heretofore in their possession. They Fortified it, and afterwards lost it, about the Year 1371. It revoked upon the score of Religion in 1562. and was often taken and retaken. In 1621. it sub∣mitted itself to Lewis XIII.

Bergue S. Uinoth, a small City in Flanders, taken by the French in the year 1658. and yielded to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty, in 1659. Digni∣fied with the Title of a Viscounty, as likewise of a Chatelany, with divers Villages under its Jurisdiction. It has various Names, and is sometimes call'd Groe∣nemberg, or (Green-wich;) it lies 12 German miles East of Gravelinge, and about one League and a half from Dunkirk. Al. VVinocksberg.

Berkeley, a Market-Town in Gloucestershire; The chief of its Hundred, upon the Banks of the Severn: where stands the Seat of the noble and an∣tient Family of the Earls of Berkeley.

Berkhamsted, a Market-Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Dacor. S. Brithwald, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a Council here in 698. In Latin Bergamstedum.

Beikshire, Bercheria, is separated on the North by the River Isis from Oxfordshire and Bucking∣hamshire; on the South by the River Kenet from Hantshire; on the West it Bordereth upon Wiltshire, and on the East upon Surry; generally fertil and rich, but especially the Vale of VVhite Horse. The Right Honorable Thomas Howard was created the first Earl of Berkshire, by Charles I. in 1625. He was second Coronation Earl, as well as second Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk, in which Family it still is; the present Earl being the fourth in the Succession.

Berlin, Berolinum, or Berlinum, is one of the Noblest Cities in Germany. It belongs to the Upper Saxony, and stands in the middle Marquisate of Bran∣denburgh, upon the River Sprew, which a little fur∣ther to the North falls into the Hamel. This City stands in a Marsh, very strongly Fortified, being the capital of that Marquisate, and the Residence of the Marquisses of Brandenburgh; divided by the River Sprew into two parts; that on the East side is call'd Berlin; that on the West Coln, or the Colony. 17 German Miles from Magdeburg to the South East, and 11 from Frankfort. Built by Albertus Ʋnsus, Prince of Anhalt, In 1142.

Bermudas, or the Summer Islands, are a knot of Islands on the Coast of Florida (supposed to be 400 in number) 1600 Leagues from England, 1000 from Madera, 400 from Hispaniola, and 300 from Caro∣lina, which is the nearest Continent. Accidentally dis∣covered by John Bermudaz a Spaniard, about 1522. Sir George Summers an English Man, being in 1609. sent by the Lord de la Ware to Virginia, stumbled again upon them, and suffered Shipwrack here; who was so taken with their verdure, plenty and delight∣fulness, that he neglected his return for England; and with the Assistance of Sir Thomas Gates setled a a Plantation here in 1612. and in 1616. Capt. Tuck∣er was sent after the first Adventurers with 500 Men who established themselves so well, and fortified the Accesses so, that it is now thought impregnable. It is one of the most healthful places in the World; none dying here of almost any other Distemper but old Age: fruitful to a wonder, abounding in all things need∣ful for the Life of Man but fresh Water, which is gotten with some difficulty from their Wells and Cisterns, for they have neither Springs nor Rivers. This Colony filled so fast, that in 1623. there were said to be 3000 English Inhabitants: called Ber∣mudas from the Spanish, and Summer Islands from the English Discoverer.

Bermet, a City of the hither East-Indies, sup∣posed by Castaldus, to be the Barbari of Arrian.

Bern, Berna, a great and well built City of Swit∣zerland, which has its name from a Bear, and car∣ries a Bear for its Arms. Built by Bertoldus Duke of Zeringhen in 1191. upon the River Aar, which falls into the Rhine at Waldhust, a Town of Schwaben: and adorned with a Library and an Arsenat that de∣serve to be remembred. It is the cheif City of the Can∣ton of Bern, which is one of the largest Cantons, and was added to the rest in 1353. To look a little back into the antient History of this City: it obtained the right of an Incorporated City from the Emperors Henry IV. and Philip II. Confirmed by Frederick II. it continued under the Empire till 1228. and then put themselves under the Protection of the Duke of Savoy. In 1241. it had an unfortunate War with Gothofredus Duke of Habspurg, whereupon in 1243. they made a League with Freiburg, as also for ten Years with Wallisserlandt, in 1251. In 1287. this City was besieged by Rodolphus of Habspurg. They suffered much also from Albertus, who had a set Battle with them near their Walls in 1291. wherein they lost many Men, but had better Success against the Earl of Savoy the same year. In 1346. they re∣newed their League with Freiburg, after which fol∣lowed the Perpetual League in 1353. whereby it ob∣tained the second place amongst the Cantons. In 1528. it imbraced the Reformation, and thereupon passed a Law against mercenary Service in foreign Wars. It stands about 13 Miles from Bazil to the South, 4 from Freiburg to the North, and about 20 from Geneva to the North-East. This Canton is so well replenished with Gentry, handsom Towns, good Castles and Villages, that you may compare it almost to one continued City: and as for the Civil Govern∣ment of it, it is managed by two Councils of Sena∣tors

under a Chief, whom they call in French an Avoyer, in German Schaltesch; which last is an old Word in the Laws of the Lombards. See Doctor Burnett's Letters.

Bernards Castle, a Market-Town in Durham, in Darlington Wapentake, upon the River Tees; which takes its name from a Family that first came into En∣gland with the Saxons.

Bernbourg, a small City in Germany, in the Up∣per Saxony, in the Principality of Anhalt, upon the River Saaldar, [Sala] 4 German Miles from Mag∣debourg towards the South, and as many from Dessaw to the West. It is dignified with the Title of an Earldom and the Seat of a Castle.

Bernich, Berenice, a City of Africa upon the Mediterranean Sea, mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny, but called Hesperia by Mela; one of the 5 Cities in Pentapolis; between the Promontory Boreum, (now il Capo di Teiones) upon the greater Syrtis, and the City of Arsinoe to the East. It had its antient name from Berenice the Queen of Ptolemy, the third King of Egypt, as Solinus saith.

Bernstadt, Bernardi Ʋrbs, a Town in Silesia in the Dutchy of Olss in Germany upon the River Veid or Veida: 3 or 4 Leagues from Breslaw.

Beroa, Berrhaea, believed to be the modern A∣leppo, was a famous City amongst the Antients, re∣edified by Seleucus Nicanor, and sometime an Arch∣bishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch. See A∣leppo. § Also an antient Town in Macedonia, near the River Lydius.

Berry, Bituricensis Provincia, Bituriges, a Dukedom in France, bounded on the North by So∣logne, on the East by Nivernois and Bourbone, on the West by Poictou, and part of Tourein; and on the South by Limosin. The Principal City of this Province is Bourges; divided into 2 parts by the Ri∣ver Chur: a rich, fruitful and populous Province. The antient Inhabitants are famous in History for the 2 Colonies of Gauls they transmitted into Ger∣many and Italy under the Command of Segovesus and Bellovesus, both Nephews to Ambigatus King of Gallia Celtiqua, in the time of Tarquinius V. King of Rome: for from the Conquests by them made, proceeds the Division of Gallia Transalpina and Ci∣salpina. See Gallia.

Bersheba, or Beerseba, an antient City of Pale∣stine, by the way of Gaza, to which Abraham and Abimelech gave this name, because of the Covenant they there mutually ratified by Oath with each other Gen. 21. 31. It fell afterwards by Lot to the Tribe of Simeon, Josh. 19. 2. and committed Idolatry with the Apostate Tribes, as we collect from Amos 5. 5. and S. Jerom. in loc. Some take it to be the same now with Gibel.

Bertinoro, Bretinorium, Petra Honorii, a City in the Province of Romagna in Italy, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ravenna hither remov∣ed from Forlimpopoli. Its Situation is upon a little Hill in the Borders of Tuscany near the River Renco.

S. Bertrand de Cominges, Convenae, seu Lugdu∣num Convenarum, a City of France, at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains; upon the River Garonne, in the Earldom de Cominge; which was destroyed by the Franks under King Guntchramnus, in 584 but rebuilt by S. Bertrand, in 1100. and from him in after times it had its present name. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Auch; 25 Leagues from Thoulouse to the South, and 55 from Bourdeaux to the South-West.

Berwald, a Town beyond the River Oder in the New March, in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh; re∣markable for the Treaty celebrated here in 1631. be∣twixt the Crowns of France and Sweden, and the Prin∣ces of Germany.

Berwick, Burcovicum, Bervicium, Teusis, a Town in Northumberland, situated upon the North side of the River Twede; the most Northern Town in the Kingdom of England, and (saith Camden) the strongest hold in all Britain. It stands upon a Promontory, so that it is almost totally incompass'd with the Sea and River. Delivered up to Henry II. by William King of Scotland, as a Pledge for his Ransom, being then a Prisoner in England: restor'd again by King John upon repayment of the Mony. Edward I. in 1297. retook it. After this it was won and lost divers times; till in the Reign of Edward IV. Sir Thomas Stanley made a final reducement of it to the Crown of England. The English Princes have fortified it, but especially Queen Elizabeth, who Wal∣led it anew within the old Wall, and added Out-works after the later Modes, by which it was made incredi∣bly strong. Henry II. built the Castle, and other of our Princes the outward Wall; so that all its Works are owing to the English. After a long Peace, in 1639. this Town saw the English and Scotch Encamp∣ed under her Walls again in opposition, till a Peace was concluded there Jane 17. However I find before the end of the War they were possessed of it, and quitted it, Feb. 17. 1646. March 12. 1686. King James II, created Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son, Duke of Berwick. Ehis Town lies in Long. 21. d. 43. m. Lat. 55. 48. and sends 2 Burgesses to the English Parliament.

Berytis, or Barut, an antient City of Phaenicia in Asia upon the Mediterranean Sea, and sometime an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Antioch. For in the 16th. Session of the great Council of Chal∣cedon we find the Bishop of Berytis taking the Title of a Metropolitan. In the year 1110. Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem, redeemed this City out of the hands of the Saracens, and settled particular Govern∣ors over it, till it became united with the Crown of Je∣rusalem, in whose ruin it received its own; and all the subsistance it now enjoys depends upon an in∣considerable little Commerce. Ibas Bishop of Edessa, was accused in a Council here in 448. of Arrianisme, and of treating S. Cyril as an Heretick; but acquitted.

Besagno, Feritor, a small River which riseth out of the Apennine Hills, and falls by the Walls of Ge∣noua into the Mediterranean Sea:

Besanzon, Bisontio, Vesintio, a City of Burgun∣dy in France, which is an Archbishops See, upon the River Doux, [Dubis;] an University, and has a Ca∣stle built of later times. Taken by the Spaniard in 1654 retaken by the French in 1668. and in 1674. and finally left to them by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1678. Once an Imperial free City, made so by Henry I. in 1651. exempted from the Empire, and granted to the Spaniards. The Court of Parliament for the Dutchy of Burgundy sits here: it stands 15 Leagues from Montbelliard to the North-West, 20 from Dijon to the North-East. Joannes Chifletius wrote a particular Description and History of this City. The old Roman names of Campus Martius, Vicus Veneris, Vicus Castoris, Mons Jovis and the like, to several quarters within and without it conti∣nue to this day in French, as le Champ Mars, Rue de Venie, Rue de Chasteur, Mont Jouot &c. A∣bundance of Urns, Medals, Inscriptions, Vessels and Instruments of Sacrifice, are daily found here. The Ruins of the Triumphal Arch erected for the Em∣peror Aurelian in 274 are yet to be seen; which are undeniable marks of its being Antient, as now not∣withstanding all former Misfortunes, it is also a flourishing Place.

Besbre, Besbria, a small River in the Dukedom of Bourbone, which washeth the principal City, and then falls into the Loire.

Besecath, one of the Names of Africa.

Beses, Besos, Baetulo, a small River of Catalonia in Spain, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea, between Badelona and Barcelona. There stands a small Town call'd Beson by it, once Betulo from it.

Besiers, Bliterae, Buterae, a City of Languedoc in France upon the River Orbe, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Narbone; a fine and well built place, not above 2 Leagues from the Me∣diterranean Sea to the North, 11 from Mompellier to the West, and 3 from Pezenas.

Bessarabia, is a small Territory between Podolia to the North, Moldavia to the West, the Danube to the South, and the Black Sea to the East. For∣merly a part of Moldavia, but in 1485. Bajazet II. Conquered it, and annexed it to his Empire, under which it has been ever since; the chief Town of it is Moncastrum, a very strong Town, taken by the Turks then also. It is called Budziack by the neigh∣bouring Tartars, and by that Name is best known to the present times.

Bestercze, or Bestricze, Bistricia, a City of Tran∣silvania. It stands in a very large Plain, upon a Ri∣ver of the same Name, which 2 Miles further takes in the Saio: 5 German Miles North-East from Bur∣gles, and 15 from Weissenburg to the North-West. It is little and ill built.

Beta, a River of South America, in the Coun∣try of Paria, which falls into the River Orenock.

Betanzos, Flavium Brigantium, a small City in Gallicia in Spain, seated upon the North side of the River Mandeu, 11 Miles from Mondonnedo to the East.

Betawe, or Betau, a small Territory contain'd in the Dutchy of Guelderland, in the States of the Ʋnited Provinces. It seems to retain the Name of the antient Batavi, who had their Habitations here. Nimeguen stands in it.

Betente, an Island near Naples, call'd by the an∣tients Parthenope.

Bethany, Bethania, an antient Town and Castle of Palestine near Jerusalem; of everlasting Fame for the Resurrection of Lazarus from his Grave at the Command of our Saviour here. John 11. There was another Bethany beyond Jordan.

Bethel, that is, in the Hebrew, The House of God, (according to the Interpretation of Jacob's Dream, Gen. 28. 17. 19.) was a City of Samaria, call'd Luz till the Patriarch chang'd its name. Here Jeroboam erected his Idols: In derision whereof it was after∣wards call'd Bethaven, that is, The House of Iniqui∣ty, says S. Jerom in Oseam. Ch. 4 and 5. Josias de∣stroy'd those Idols.

Bethlehem, that is in the Hebrew, The House of Bread, the Place of the Nativity of our Saviour, and the capital of the Family of David; as like∣wise the Birth-place of David: call'd Bethlehem of Judea in distinction from another Bethlehem in the Tribe of Zabulon, was never but a small place; two Leagues from Jerusalem to the South, and 32 from Nazareth. Now Inhabited by about 150 Houses of Turks, Moor's, Arabians, and some poor Christians, that make a Trade of selling Chapelets and Cruci∣fixes to Pilgrims. Yet St. Mary's Church, built by Helena, is entire still; and in the particular part of it where our Saviour first entred into this World, within a Circle illustrated with a Glory like the Rays of the Sun, there are these words Engraved, Hic ex Virgine Maria Jesus Christus natus est. The Greeks, Armenians, and Latin Cordeliers, have their several Quarters in this Church. It is a very noble Pile, envied by the Turks, who therefore have rob∣b'd it of some Ornaments to carry to their Mosques. S. Jerom says, the Pagans heretofore erected the I∣dols of Adonis and Venus in it to prophane it. In 1110. after the Christians had gained the Holy Land, they constituted Bethlehem a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem. It stands upon a small Hill, and nothing can be pleasanter than the Valleys about it. § When the Christians were expelled the Holy Land again, in 1223. Raynaud Bishop of Bethlehem attended Guy Earl of Nevers into France, who con∣ferred upon him the Administration of an Hospital at Clameci, a small Town in the Diocese of Auxerre in the Province of Nivernois; which was afterwards augmented in Honor with the Title of Bishop of Bethlehem, to continue to the Successors of the said Rainaud for ever, in the nomination of the Earls and Dukes of Nevers: hence there is at this day a Bishop of Bethlehem in France without any Lands or Di∣ocese.

Bethshan, an antient Town in Palestine in the Tribe of Menasseh, called Scythopolis by Josephus and Stephanus. The Philistines fixed the Body of King Saul to the Walls of this place. 1. Sam. 31. 10.

Bethshemesh, Bethsama, at first called Abel, (1 Sam. 6. 18.) was a Town in Palestine belonging to the Levites Josh. 21. 16. whither the Ark came, when dismissed by the Philistines, 1. Sam. 6. 14. and 50000 Bethshemites were immediatly struck with death for presuming to look into it, according to the common Translations: whereas Josephus, S. Jerom, Isidore, Lyra, Tostatus, and Bochartus maintain the number of the slain was no more than 70. § There was another Bethlehem in the Tribe of Naphthali, remark'd because the old Inhabitants (the Canaanites) were not driven thence as God had commanded. Jud. 1. 33. And a third in the Tribe of Issachar at the foot of Mountain Carmel.

Bethulia, an antient, strong and great City in the Tribe of Zabulon in Galilee; famous for the Siege laid to it by Holofernes, and the Victory of Judith over his Army and him at one fatal blow. Together with a Fortress formerly built by the Christians near Bethlehem.

Bethune, a strong well built Town in Artois, upon the River Biette, 8 Leagues from Arras [A∣trebatum] toward the North, and 5 from Aire. It has been under the French ever since 1645. when it was taken by them; being ceded to them by the Py∣renean Treaty in 1659. This Town is raised to the Honor of a Marquisate.

Betley, a Market-Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill.

Betlis, a City of Armenia, 10 days Journey from Diarbeker, belonging to a Sovereign Bey or Prince, who neither acknowledges the Grand Seignior nor the King of Persia; but courted by both as being Master of a Country: so situated betwixt Mountains and Rivers, that he is able with 10 Men to defend the Passes against 1000, and intercept the Correspondence of Aleppo and Tunis at pleasure: he can send into the Field above 20000 Horse and very good Infantry.

Bethsaida, an antient Town of Palestine in Ga∣lilee in the Tribe of Zabulon, near the the Lake of Genezareth. S. Andrew and S. Philip the Apostles were born here.

Beveland, an Island of Zeland in the United Netherlands; rent asunder by a Tempest in 1532. from East to West, and since divided into North and South Beveland. Goes stands in this Island.

Beverly, a Town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, seated upon the West side of the River Hull, about a Mile from it: about 5 Miles North of Hull. Cam∣den supposeth it to be the old Petvaria Parisiorum,

though there be no signs of a great Antiquity now to be found. One John Sirnamed de Beverly, Arch∣bishop of York, a Pious and Learned Man in the e∣steem of Bede, in his old Age resigned his Bishoprick, and retired hither, and in holy Meditations here died in 721. For the sake of this Holy Person, the Sax∣on Kings gave great Privileges to this place, particu∣larly Athelstan by a Grant in these Words, A is Free make I thee, as Heart may think or Eye may see. They had also a Sanctuary endowed with the largest Priviledges; so that the Town grew great, rich, and populous; governed at first by Wardens; but Queen Elizabeth made it a Major Town. It sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament.

Beuray, or Beureet, a Town in the Territory of Autun in Burgundy in France; supposed to be the Bibracte of Cesar, where he once assembled the De∣puties of all Gallia under him, and oftentimes Win∣tered his Troops: imparting his own name Julia to it.

Bewdley, a Market-Town in Worcestershire in the Hundred of Doddington, which sends one Bur∣gess to the Parliament. It stands upon the Severn near the Forest of Wire; of particular Esteem in the Reign of Henry VII. he building a House here for Prince Arthur, called Ticken Hall.

Beux, a Village near to Seignelay in the Province of Burgundy in France; made lately remarkable by one Couallier, surnamed the Phisician of Beux; a Man born and educated amongst the meanest Employs of the Country; yet he attained to so singular a Know∣ledge of all the Species of Diseases and Remedies, without studying the Faculty in Books or Schools, that not only Monsieur Colbert laid his obligations up∣on him to recide at Seignelay, but from all parts they came to consult him, so that he left to his Son at his Death an Estate of above 100000 Crowns.

Beziers, Biterra, Beterensis Civitas, a great and antient City in the Province of Languedoc in France, with the Dignity of a Viscounty and of an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Narbonne. It was a Roman Colony in the times of Julius Cesar and Tiberius; having afterwards 2 Temples built in it to the Honor of Julius and Augustus. In the year 356. the Arians held a Council here against S. Hilary, which occasioned his Banishment by the Emperor Constantius. The Goths and Saracens successively ru∣ined it. In 1209. the Croisade cut off 10000 of its Inhabitants. In 1233. a Council was assembled against the Albigenses at this place. About the year 1247. it became united to the Crown of France, whereas before it had been governed by its own Viscounts. It stands upon the River Orb, 2 Leagues from the Sea, and 3 from Agde: and had a Cittadel which was demolished in 1633.

Biafara, a Town and Kingdom in Guiney in Afri∣ca: the former stands upon the River dos Camaornes; the other (that receives its name from it) extends itself betwixt the Kingdom of Benni, the Niger, and the States of Congo.

Bialacerkiow, Bialaceria, a Town in the Pala∣tinate of Kiovia in the Kingdom of Poland, upon the River Ros, ill built.

Bialogrod, Arvis, Hermonassa, the principal Town of Bessarabia, seated upon the Shoars of the Euxine, or Black Sea; 30 Miles from the North out∣let of the River Danube, called Moncastrum, by the later Latin Writers; Bialogrod, by the Moldavians, and Beligrad by the Turks; under whom it is, being taken by Bajazet II. in 1485. It lies 60 German Miles from Arhianople, and 63 from Constantinople to the North.

Biaur, Biaurus, a River in Rovergne in France.

Bibiena, a Town in the Principality of Piedmont in Italy; by some Authors esteemed to the be Forum Vibii of the Antients.

Bibrach, Bibacum, Bibracum, a City in Schwa∣ben, in Germany, seated upon a small River which a very little farther falls into the Riss, which last falls into the Danube, 2 German Miles above Ʋlm; this City stands about 5 German Miles from Ʋlm to the North-West. This is an Imperial City, and takes its name from a Castor or Beaver. Under Pepin King of France, about 751. it was a Village, but Frede∣rick II. walled it. For some signal Services perform∣ed under Maximilian I. the publick Arms of it were changed from a Crowned Castor or Beaver, to a Crowned Lyon: it obtained also from Maximilian II. the right of Sealing with Red Wax. Long. 31. 51. Lat. 48. 00. Written sometimes Biberach; and fa∣mous for the Mineral Waters, they call the Waters of Jordan, within its Territory.

Bicaner, a Town in the County of Bacar in the East-Indies, in the States of the Great Mogul, un∣derstood by some to be the Bardeatis of the An∣tients.

Bicestre, an antient Castle below the Village of Gentilly near Paris. The name Bicestre is con∣fessed to be but a Corruption of Winchester: for from the time that John Bishop of Winchester made it his residence, when the English had Conquered France, it took the name of Winchester Castle from him, and kept it through the whole course of its Fortunes. Of late, since its total Consumption and Ruin, Lewis XIII. built an Hospital in the place of it for maimed Soldiers.

Bicester, a Market-Town in Oxfordshire in the Hundred of Ploughley.

Bicoqua, a small Town in the Milanese in Italy, 3 Miles from Milan. The French were here defeat∣ed by the Swisse in 1522.

Bidache, a Town upon the River Bidouse in the Territory of Bearne in France; 5 or 6 Leagues from Bayonne. It sustains the Title of a Principa∣lity, and has a Castle which Charles V. never could Conquer.

Bidassoa, Bidasso, and Vidasso, a small River which riseth out of the Pyrenean Hills, in the Con∣fines of Navarr, 7 Miles from S. Johns; and pre∣sently crossing the Pyrenean Mountains, it runs be∣tween the Territories of Labour in France, and Gui∣puscoa in Spain; and falls into the Cantabrian Ocean at Fontarabia, where it divides France from Spain. Famous for the Pyrenean Treaty here made in an Island of this River, between the Kings of France and Spain, Nov. 7. 1659. and also for an interview between those two Princes in 1660. in the same Island, called the Island of Pheasants.

Bidlyn, the present name of Indus, one of the most famous Rivers of the East-Indies.

Bidumi, Idumaea, a part of Palestine.

Biela, Bugella, Gaumellum, and Laumellum, a Town in the District of Vercellois in Piedmont under the Duke of Savoy, and the Capital of a small Ter∣ritory called Le Biallese. It is rich, handsom, and populous. Francis II. Duke of Modena died here in 1658.

Biela Osero, that is, in the Muscovian Language, the White Lake, is a Province of Muscovy, which is honored with the Title of a Dukedom; between the Province of Wologda to the East and North, and that of Novigrod (which is also a Dukedom) to the South and West. The chief City of it is Biela, seated upon a River of the same name; almost in the middle be∣tween Novigrod to the East, and Wologda to the West, and about 62 German Miles North-West of Moskow, the Capital of this Kingdom: written sometimes Bela.

The Grand Duke of Muscovy shuts up a part of his Treasures in this City; because its Situation in the midst of many Marshes, renders it almost impreg∣nable.

Bielba, a City of Muscovy, towards the Confines of Lithuania, about 30 German Miles North of Smo∣lasko, and 59 North-West from Moscow; there is a Province annexed to this City called Bielki. This City is written Bielha, and Bielska, and the Province Bielski. It is one of the Titles in the Stile of the Grand Duke of Muscovy.

Bielski. See Bielba.

Bielsko, Bielco, a City in the Province of Smo∣laske in Poland, between Grodno to the South, and Bressici to the North. This place was by Treaty sur∣rendred to the Muscovites in 1634. together with Smolensko, Novograd, and other strong places, and the Territories belonging to them. It stands upon the River Biala, with a strong Fortress, betwixt Bres∣cici and Warsaw.

Bienne, Bienna, called by the Germans, Biel, is a small City in Switzerland, seated upon a Lake of the same name, between Neufchastel to the South, and Solothurn or Soleurre to the East under the Bishop of Basil; but from 1547. it has been in the League with the Cantons and so in a manner almost free. It was once also an Imperial City, though now no part of the Empire.

Bientina, a Town in the Province of Tuscany in Italy, under the Great Duke of Florence, taking its name from the Lake di Bientina.

Biescid, a part of the Carpathian Fountains.

Bietala, or Biutala, a strong Fortress upon the furthermost Borders of the Kingdom of Barantola in Tartary. It is the ordinary place of Residence for the Grand Lama, that is, the High Priest of their Law.

Bievre, a small River in the Isle of France, which after a short course, falls into the Seyne a little above Paris. The Water of this River is accounted excel∣lent for dying of Scarlet. In the years 1526. and 1579. it overflowed up to the second Story of the Houses in the Suburbs of S. Marcell at Paris.

Bigenis, Abacena, Abacenum, a Town in the Island of Sicily near Messina, upon the River called Fieume di Castro Reale, in the Valley of Demona.

Bigleswade, a Market-Town in Bedfordshire. The Capital of its Hundred: pleasantly seated on the River Ivel.

Bigorre, Bigerrones, Bigerrensis Comitatus, a Pro∣vince or County of France, so called from the prin∣cipal Town: in length 10 Leagues, and in breadth 3: bounded on the west with Bearn, on the East with Tholouse, on the North with Armagnac and Estrac, and on the South with the Pyrenean Hills. This was once, an Earldom of a larger extent as Peter de Mar∣ca saith in his History of Bern. Tarbes is its Capital City.

Biguba, a Kingdom of Nigritia in Africa.

Bilbao the chief City of Biscay in Spain, call'd by the Romans Flaviobriga; seated upon the River Ner∣vio, 2 Leagues from the Cantabrian Ocean; a large, beautiful, well traded City; from S. Andreo 13 Miles to the North-East, and 24 from Bayonne to the South. Joannes Mariana is of opinion, that Bilbao is of a later Origine, and saith it was built by Dida∣cus Lupus de Haro, Lord of Biscay, in 1298. which is true; but then it stands in the same place; the old Name of Flaviobriga was given it in Honor of Ves∣pasian. This City stands in a Plain, in a wet Ground upon a small River and is incompassed with very high Hills.

Bilbilis, the Birthplace of the Poet Martial, was an antient City in Hispama Tarraconensis, belong∣ing to the Celtiberi, upon the River Xalon, famous for excellent Iron and Steel: some believe the modern Calatayud, others Xiloca to be the same with it. §. Bilbilis is also the antient name of a River in that Country, said to have a particular Virtue for temper∣ing of Iron and Steel: they now call it Xiloca. See Xiloca.

Biledulgerid, a City and Province in Africa, which lies a great length from East to West, but is not of equal breadth. It is bounded on the North by Barbary, on the East by Egypt, on the South by Zahara or the Desart; and on the West by the At∣lantick Ocean: a vast, but barren Country, nor has it any Cities of great Note in it: Tarudante and Ca∣phesa are the most considerable. This Province was a part of the Country of the antient Getuli: about 980 Miles long from East to West, and 220 broad. The name signifies a Country fruitful of Dates.

Bilefeld, a Hanse Town in the Province of West∣phalia in Germany towards Munster, with a good Castle.

Bildeston, a Market-Town in Suffolk in the Hun∣dred of Cosford.

Bille, Billena, a River of Germany. It riseth in the Province of Wageren, separates Holstein from the lower Circle of Saxony, and falls into the Elb at Hamburgh.

Billericay, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hun∣dred of Barnstaple.

Billesdon, a Market-Town in Leicestershire in the Hundred of Gartrey.

Billingham, a Market-Town in Northumberland in Tindale Ward.

Binbroke, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Walshcroft.

Billom, a Town in the Province of Auvergne in France, 5 or 6 Leagues from Clermont. It is a very trading Place, in a fruitful Soil.

Bimini, a small Island East of Florida in Ame∣rica. It is one of the Luccaye's, to the South of the Island of Bahama.

Binche, Bink or Bins, Binchium, a Town in Hainault, near the River Haisne; 3 Leagues from Mons to the Eastward, and 4 from Maubeuge to the North; is now decaying: it was taken by the French in 1667. and restored back to the Spaniards in 1678. by the Treaty of Nimeguen. Mary Queen of Hun∣gary, Sister to the Emperor Charles V. built her∣self a Noble Palace here, to enjoy the good Air of the Place, which is still called Marimont.

Bingen, a fine Town belonging to the Elector of Mayence, upon the River Rhine, where it enter∣tains the River Nar, which here is covered with a stone Bridge; once a Free Imperial City, but now ex∣empted from the Empire. The antient Geographers and Historians make mention of it. It has a Castle seated on a Hill, and stands 4 German Miles from Mayence towards the West, and 2 from Greitznack to the North: near it in an Island in the Rhine, is a Castle called Mauszthurn: wherein the Report goes, that Hatto the second Archbishop of Mayence was eaten alive by Rats; it is now almost wholly ruin'd.

Bingham, a Market-Town in the County of Not∣tingham, the Capital of its Hundred.

Bendimir, Bagrada, a River of Persia, which riseth in the Desarts of Carmania, about 20 German Miles South of Hispahan; and watering the Province of Fars, it washeth Astachar; after which having received another small River from the West, it falls into the Persian Gulph 25 German Miles West of Ormus.

Biolizero, a Fortress built in a Lake, where the Duke of Muscovy keeps his Treasures. See Biela Osero.

Biorneburg, a small City belonging to the Swedes in North Finland, where the River (Cumus) Rau∣to••',

falls into the Bay of Botner in almost 62 deg. of Lat. It is a poor place, and consists of a few Houses.

Biobio, a River of South America, in the King∣dom of Chili; which springeth from the Andes, and running Westward, falls into the Pacifick Ocean, near S. Conception a City of Chili and the Island of Aviquirina.

Bir, Birtha, a small but Antient City of Ara∣bia Deserta, upon the Euphrates, 130 Miles East of Aleppo, in the Consines of Mesopotamia, 10 Ger∣man Miles West of Ʋrpha. The usual place of Em∣barking upon the Euphrates for Bagdet. This City is under the Turks; and formerly was a Bishops See un∣der the Archbishop of Edessa. Some write it Biro. Ptolemy mentions it.

Birka, or Birkopin Birca, the Capital Town of the Province of Ostregothia in Sweden: heretofore considerable, but almost ruined now.

Birkenfield, a Town in the Palatinate of the Rhine in Germany. Honoured with the Title of a Principality. It stands near the River Nab, 5 or 6 Leagues from Treves.

Birmingham, a Market-Town in warwickshire in the Hundred of Hemlingford.

Biron, a Town in the Province of Perigord in France, and one of the most antient Baronies of the same. Erected into a Dukedom by King Henry IV. It at present bears the Title of a Marquisate.

Birs, and Biersick are 2 small Rivers in the Can∣ton of Basil.

Bisaccia, a small City in the Principate, in the Kingdom of Naples, near the Apennine, 2 Leagues from Cedogna, and 7 from Monte-Verde. It consi∣steth of a very small number of Inhabitants; yet a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Conza; and il∣lustrated with the Title of a Dukedom.

Bisagno, See Besagno.

Biscay, Cantabria, called by the Spaniards Viz∣caja, by the French Biscay; hath on the North-West the Cantabrian Ocean, or the Bay of Biscay; on the East the Kingdom of Navarre, on the South the King∣dom of Castile, and on the West Asturia. It enjoys the Title of a Principality, because heretosore it had Princes of its own, of the Family de Haro; the last of which dying in the Siege of Algezira, this Princi∣pality fell to King John of Castile, and from thence∣forward became a part of that Kingdom. It is about 26 Spanish Leagues from East to West, but not so broad. Bilbao is its principal City; it is a fruitful and a populous Country, and full of Sea Ports. Re∣duced heretofore under the Roman Yoak with great difficulty. § The same name is also given to a part of New Spain in America. They call it New Biscay. It is bounded on the North with the Kingdom of Mexico, the Province of Panuco to the East, Zaca∣tecas to the South, and Culiacan to the West; there are 2 Mines of Silver in it. § The French Biscay, see Basques.

Bisegli, Vigiliae, a City in the Province of Bari in the Kingdom of Naples, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Trani, upon the Adriatick Ocean; between Trani, Molfetta, and Bari.

Biserta Ʋtica, a City of Africa. Immortally honored by giving a Sirmane to Cato Ʋticensis. It stands in the Kingdom of Tunis upon the Mediter∣ranean Sea, between Carthage and Tabarqua: and is now become a Retreat of ••yrates.

Bishops Castle, a Market-Town in the County of Salop in the Hundred of Purslow, not far from the River Chun. It Elects 2 Members of Parlia∣ment.

Bisignano, Besidia, a little City in the hither Ca∣labria, in the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rossano, but exempted from his Jurisdiction: also honored with the Title of a Principality which belongeth to the Family of San Severini; seated on a Hill, and has a strong Ca∣stle, upon the River (Cotilum) Cochilo, which a little farther falls into the River Crate. It is a fine City of about 2 Miles compass, surrounded with high Hills: called Ʋrbs Brutiorum by Livy.

Bisnagar, the Kingdom that bears this Name, is a considerable Country in the East-Indies; bounded on the North with the Kingdoms of Decan and Cun∣cam; on the East, with the Gulph of Bengale; on the West with the Indian Sea, and on the South with the Kingdom of Malabar, and Singa; it is sometimes also call'd the Kingdom of Narsinga. This Kingdom is subject to a Prince of its own; but then it is also divided into several petty Kingdoms, which have Princes that are Tributary Homagers to the King of Narsinga. The City that gives Name to it lies almost exactly in 15 d. of Northern Lat. and 107 of Long. on the Eastern side of a long chain of Mountains that divide this vast Promontory from North to South. It lies 45 Leagues West from the Shoars of the Bay of Bengale, and 35 from Narsinga to the West.

Bisneghe, Hesperium Cornu, commonly call'd Capo-verde, is a Promontory in Nigritia in Africa, upon the Western Shoar, in 14 deg. of Northern Lat.

Bisnow, the Name of a Sect amongst the Ban∣jans, in the East-Indies. In this, different from the Sect of Zamarath, That the Women live Widows after their Husbands death, and do not burn them∣selves in the same funeral Pile with them.

Bitche, a County in Lorrain, upon the Frontiers of Germany.

Bitetto, a City in the Province of Bari, in the Kingdom of Naples; with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Bari. It is but small, and in∣differently Peopled. Betwixt Bari and Bitonto.

Bithynia, a celebrated Province of Asia Minor, where stood the famous Cities of Nice and Chalce∣don, Heraclea, and Apamea, &c. Heretofore a Kingdom; which ended in the Person of Nicomedes IV. when dying without Issue he nominated the Romans his Heirs, in the Year 679. that is, 75 years before the Birth of our Saviour. It lies towards the Euxine Sea, and the Archipelago: And now call'd Chintale.

Bito, one of the Kingdoms of Nigritia in Africa: separated from the Kingdom of Benin by the Moun∣tains; with a capital City of the same name.

Bitonto, Butuntum, a City of the Territory di Bari in Apulia in Italy, which is a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Bari: 5 miles from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea towards the South, and 8 from Bari to the West; it lies in a very fruitful Plain, in pretty good esteem, and indifferently well Peopled. Also adorn'd with the Title of a Marquisate.

Bitsin, Bitisinum, a Town in Silesia, where Si∣gismund, King of Poland, besieged and took Maxi∣milian Arch-Duke of Austria, his Competitor in the Kingdom of Poland, Prisoner, in the Year 1578. and after, upon the Intercession of Rodolphus II. and his renouncing of his pretence to Poland, released him.

Bivar, a Town of Hungary, upon the Save.

Bivoras, Salsum, a River of Andalusia.

Bizano, a Kingdom of Ethiopia, divided from the Kingdom of Gojame, in the same Region, by the River Nile.

Blackburn, a Market-Town in Lancashire near the River Derwent; the capital of its Hundred.

Black Sea. See Euxine Sea.

Blandiac, a Town in the Diocese of Ʋsez in the Province of Languedoc in France.

Blanford, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire, in the Hundred of Pimpern, upon the River Stower.

Blankeberghe, a Town and Port, with a Castle, in Flanders; 2 Leagues from Bruges, and therea∣bouts from Ostend.

Blanmont, or Blamont, Blamontium, a Town in the Dukedom of Lorain upon the River Voizi∣ere; giving the Title of an Earl. Formerly Forti∣fi'd. At present in a low condition.

Blansac, a Town in the Province of Angoumois in France upon the River Nai, situated in a fruit∣ful Soil; betwixt Valette, Bonteville, and Angouleme.

Blavet, a River of Bretagne in France, giving Name to the Town Blavet, (see Porto Loüis); and passing Pontivi and Hennebont, falling into the O∣cean at Porto Louis.

Blaye, Blavium, Blavutum, a well fortified Town of great importance in the Province of Guy∣enne in France, upon the River Gironde, 6 Leagues from Bourdeaux. (The Gironde is a name they give the Garonne after its reception of the Dordogne). Since the year 1475. by the order of Lewis XI. the Foreign Vessels going up to Bourdeaux, use to leave their Artillery here. In the Civil Wars of France, This Town was first taken by the Huguenots; then by the Leaguers, who held it out against a Siege in 1593. tho the Spanish Fleet coming to their assi∣stance, was defeated by the Marshal de Matignon.

Bleking, a Province in Sweden, yielded to them by the Danes in 1658. at the Treaty of Roskill. It lies upon the Baltick Sea, and was heretofore re∣mark'd with the Title of a Dukedom.

Blemyes, Blemiae, an antient People of Aethiopia, reduced under the Roman Empire in the time of the Emperour Marcian. Fabulously reported to have their Eyes in their Breasts from nothing but an ill custom of holding down their Heads too low.

Blene, a fruitful Country in the antient Kingdom of Pontus, in Asia Minor, watered by the River Amnias. Mithridates, King of Pontus, defeated Nicomedes King of Bethynia here; who thereupon retired into Italy.

Bletterans, a Town in Franche Comtè, upon the Borders of the Dutchy of Burgundy, and the River Seile, about 9 Leagues from Dole and Chalon. Here∣tofore Fortifi'd, now without Walls

Bliburg, or Blithborough, a small Town in the County of Suffolk, upon the South side of the River Blithe, which a little farther falls into Southwold Bay. In this Town, Anna, a Christian King of the East-Angles lies buried, who was slain by Penda, King of Mercia, in a set Battle, together with Ferminus, his eldest Son, in the year 654. Henry I. King of England founded afterwards a Priory of Black Canons. But that being demolished, the Town fell to ruin, and is now a very small Place.

Blith, a Market-Town in the County of Not∣tingham in the Hundred of Bassetlaw.

Blois, Blesae, a Town in France, and Capital of a County call'd Le Blois; it is well built and po∣pulous, upon the Loire, which is here passable by a Bridge of Stone; it has also a Castle, lately repair'd by Gaston, Duke of Orleans. The Kings of France have frequently retired hither to enjoy themselves, by reason of the pleasantness of the situation of it, and the Magnificence and Elegance of the Buildings. Lewis XII. was born here, in the Year 1461. Ann his Queen died here in 1514. also Claude the Queen of Francis I. in 1524. and Catharine de Medices, the Relict of Henry II. in 1589. Here was also that famous Assembly of the States of France, in which, by the order of Henry III. Henry Duke of Guise was Assassined, together with the Cardinal his Brother; which caused the Murdering of that Prince soon after, by James Clement a Dominican Fryar, in revenge of it. This place lies between Tours and Orleans: The County de le Blois is bounded on the East by the Dukedom of Orleans, on the West by Tours, on the South by Berry, and on the North by Beausse.

Blonicz, Blonicum, a City or very great Town of the Kingdom of Poland, in the Confines of the Province of Mazowski, 7 Polish Miles from Warsaw towards the West; built all of Timber.

Bobio, Bobi, Bobium, a City in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy, with an Episcopal See, under the Archbishop of Genoua. It takes its situation upon the River Trabia, and its Original from an Abby founded here in former times by S. Columbanus.

Bocchara, a River of Bactria.

Bochir, Canopus, a City of Egypt, upon the Western Branch of the Nile, where Claudian the Poet was born; 25 Miles East of Alexandria.

Bochar, or Buchar, Bochora and Buchara, an an∣tient and a stately City of Asia, in the Province of Mawaralnahra, call'd by the Romans Trans Oxiana Regio, a days Journey beyond the River Oxus; this City was the Birth-place of Avicenna, the famous Arabian Physician and Philosopher, who flourish'd in Spain, in the X. Century. He is said to have been the first that settled the true method of Physick by the many Books published by him; he was born in 992. and died in 1050.

Bodegrave, a Town in Holland upon the Rhine, 3 Leagues from Ʋtrecht: Made remarkable by a Battle here fought betwixt the French and Dutch, in the Year 1672.

Bodmin, Voliba or Voluba, a Market-Town in Cornwal, in the Hundred of Trigg, which returns Two Burgesses to the Parliament. It is situated near the River Alan, and was heretofore the Seat of a Bishop.

Bodrogh, a City of the Upper Hungary on the River Danube, which was heretofore the Capital of an Earldom. This place lies 7 German Miles South of Segedin, 16 East of Buda, and about 4 Miles North of Esseck; it is now in the hands of the Em∣peror, by the Conquest of Buda and Segedin in 1686.

Bodrog, a River of the Upper Hungary, which riseth in the Carpathian Hills, and falls into the Ti∣biscus at Tokay.

Boeotja, an antient Province of Greece, now cal∣led Stramulipa: Plutarch, and Pausanias, and Epa∣minondas were Natives thereof: the famous Helicon and Aganippe stand in it: the Rivers Asopus and Cephi∣sus watered it: and in all the former Wars of Greece, this Province bore a considerable Share, See Stramulipa.

Bogazin, the Streight between Constantinople and Asia, antiently called Bosphorus Thracicus.

Bogdiana, the same with Moldavia.

Bohemia, a great Kingdom in Germany belong∣ing to the House of Austria; which though it is al∣most encompassed by the German Territories, yet is properly no part of Germany. It has a distinct and different Language, and been a separate Kingdom e∣ver since the year 1086. Bounded on the North and West by the Dukedom of Saxony, on the East by Hungary, and on the South by Bavaria and Austria: containing almost 40 Towns and Cities in it that they call Royal, whereof Prague is the Capital. This Kingdom maintained great Wars with the Caroline Race of Kings, till about the year 894. Borzivoius Duke of Moravia, becoming Prince also of Bohemia, procured their imbracing the Christian Faith univer∣sally. When in the year 1196. Petrus Capuanus, one of the Cardinals of Rome, would have brought in Celi∣bacy amongst their Clergy, he met with great opposi∣tion, and ran the hazard of being slain by the Bohe∣mian Priests. They received the Waldenses, who fled hither about the year 1230. John Hus's, and Jerom of Prague about the year 1414. had great success in their Preaching, and George Podi••bach King of Bohemia became his Convert. In 1454. there was

another Accession of the Waldenses; insomuch that in 1467. there was 200 Churches of this Persuasion in Bohemia and Moravia. In the year 1536, they imbraced Luther's Reformation: 1564, they obtained from Maximilian that Liberty which Ferdinand I. had deny'd them; which lasted but one Year. In 1575. they obtained their Liberty again, which was confirm'd in the Year 1611. by Rodolphus II. Matthias the next Emperor not maintaining these Grants, they chose Frederick Elector Palatine King of Bohemia, and Crown'd him at Prague in 1619. This caused a War with the House of Austria: The Elector being eject∣ed by force of Arms in the Year 1620, for 30 Years following, Germany became an Acheldama, a Field of Blood; and the Reformation was ruined by an Edict made in 1630. And the House of Austria in Germa∣ny was in almost equal danger. Albertus Duke of Austria obtained this Crown by Election in the Year 1437. And in the Year 1526, Ferdinand Arch-Duke of Austria was freely elected after the former Branch had been discontinu'd; since which time there has been no Interruption but that unfortunate one made by Frederick Elector Palatine; so that it is become, by the Strength of the House of Austria and the Weak∣ness of the Bohemians, an Hereditary Kingdom to the House of Austria. The King of Bohemia is the first secular Elector of the Emperor of Germany, though it be no part of the Empire.

Boiana, a River that divides Dalmatia from Ma∣cedonia; this River is commonly call'ed il Drino; and in its proper place I shall speak more of it.

Boiano, a Colony and City of the Samnites in the County of Molise upon the River Biferno, which falls into the Adriatick Sea: It stands at the foot of the Apennine in the borders of Campania▪ 18 Miles from Trivento towards the North, and 22 from Capua towards the East; and though it is a Bishop's See, un∣der the Archbishop of Benevento, yet it is little, and ill built, and ill inhabited.

Boii, an ancient People▪ 1. of Gallia Celtiqua, possessing the Provinces now called Auvergne and Bourbonnois in France. 2. of Bavaria in Germany; otherwise mentioned by the Names of Bojares and Ba∣vari. See Bavari. 3 Of Gallia Cispadana in Italy, where are now the Dutchies of Modena and Parma. See Gallia.

Bois••clle or Enrichemont, Boscabellum, a Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France, with a Castle, and the Title of a Principality; betwixt Bourges and Sancerre.

Bois-de-Trahison, or Bois-de-Gamelon, a For∣rest upon the Banks of the Seine betwixt Paris and Pontoise in France. One Gamelon in the time of Charles the Great, using to ambuscade Men here, has left his Name to the Place.

Boisy, a Seigniory in the Country of Chablais in Savoy, near the Lake of Geneva.

Bolena, Bolina, Bolaenae, an ancient City of the Morea, mention'd by Pausanias and Stephanus, near to Patras and the River Glaueus; and sometime an E∣piscopal See under the Archbishop of Patras.

Bolene, a Town in the County of Venaisin in Pro∣vence in France; upon the Ascent of a little Hill with the River Letz gliding at its foot. It shews the ruines of a Castle.

Boleslaw, Boleslavia, a small City in Bohemia, upon the River Gizera, which falls into the River Al∣bus: This City stands eight Miles from Prague towards the North-East. There is another call'd Irung-Bunczel, which stands within two Miles of Prague, where the Gizera falls into Albus; which last was built in 935. They are distinguished from each other by the Names of the Old and the Younger Boleslaw.

Bollerbrun, a Lake near the Village of Altembeck in the Province of Westphalia in Germany; having a remarkable strong Flux and Reflux daily.

Bolli, Paphlagonia, a Province of the ••esser Asia

Bologna, in Italy. See Bononia.

Bologne à la mèr, the Icius Portus of Cesar, Gessoriacus Portus, and Gessoriacum, a City of Picar∣dy, a Province of France; it is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Rhemes, and stands upon the River [Li∣ana] Lenart, which there falling into the British Sea on the South of this City, makes a convenient H••ven. This City is distant from Calis about seven Leagues to the South, and five from Estaples to the North. It gives name to a small County which from it is called le Bon∣lenois. The Town is divided into two parts, the Up∣per and the Lower, both which are well fortified. This place seems to have been the usual place of pas∣sing into Britain during the Roman Empire; and both Claudius and Caligula came to it on that account: And Pliny saith, it was the shortest and most conve∣nient Passage. It began to be called Bononia about the time of Constantine the Great, who took it in his Passage to his Father then dying at York. Henry the VII. of England in 1487. reduc'd this City to a very low condition, when he entred France for the Prote∣ction of the Dutchy of Britain; but then Charles the VIII. of France bought his Peace, and preserv'd it. His Son Henry the VIII. took it afterwards in 1544. and kept it all his Life: Edward the VI. in the Disor∣ders of his Minority sold or surrendred it to the French again, for a much less sum of Money than it cost the Crown of England to gain it. The Bishop's See was translated hither from Tournay when the English took that City. It lies in Longitude 22. 42. Latitude 50. 30. §. Also a small Town in the Province of Gas∣coigne, near the River Gers, upon the borders of Bi∣gorre.

Le Boulenois, or the County belonging to Bo∣logne, lies in the North part of the Province of Picar∣dy; bounded on the West by the British Sea, on the North by the County of Guisnes, on the East by Artois, and on the South by the County of Ponthieu; from which last it is separated by the River Canche. This County was once an Earldom of it self; during which time it gave one King to England, and another to Jerusalem, Godfrey III. was the latter, and King Stephen of England the other; it continued so till Ber∣trand de la Tour (the last Earl of it) in 1477. sold it to Lewis XI. of France, who with mighty Cere∣mony did homage to the Virgin Mary, and made her some Promises which his Successors never thought of keeping; as may be seen in Dr. Heyli's Cosmo∣graphy.

The Bolognese, a Territory adjacent to the City of Bologna in Italy, generally epitheted la Grassa, from its Fruitfulness: Dove si legano le vigne con sals••ccie, where the Vines are tied up with Sausages, says the Proverb.

Bolsena, Volsinium, a City of S. Peter's Patri∣mony in Italy, which was the seat of a Bishop untill the Translation thereof to Orvieto. It gives Name to the Lake Bolsena, in which the Island of Matana stands, where the Queen Amalazonte was put to death by the ungrateful Theodatus▪

Bolsover, a Market-Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of Scarsdale. The Duke of Newcastle has a Seat here.

Bolswert, or Boleswart, a Town in West-Fri••s∣land, in the Earldom of Holland, about 3 Leagues from Leeu Warden.

Bolton, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hun∣dred of Salford; with the Title of a Duke of late to the Lord Marquess of Winchester.

Bolzano, a small Town in the Vicentine in Italy, under the Republick of Venice, upon the River A∣dige. Others place it in the Trentine, and say it is a very Trading Place.

Bombon, a Province of Peru in the West-Indies, towards the River Xauxa.

Bommel, Bommelia, an Island beautified with a fair Town in the Dutchy of Guelderland. The Town stands upon the River Maes, two German Miles from Boisl••duc towards Ʋtrecht, and belongs properly as a Fee to the Dutchy of Brabant, in the Confines of which it is; but it is under the Ʋnited Provinces. In 1672▪ it was taken by the French, and deserted the next year, after they had dismantled it: The Island in which it stands is about thirteen Miles in length, and lies between the Wael to the North, and the Maes to the South: call'd, by the Dutch, Bommelweert. Some take it for the Insula Batavorum of Cesar.

Bon, Bonna, Ara Ʋbiorum, and Verona, Bonne, is one of the principal Cities of the Bisho▪ rick of Co∣logne, and the usual Seat of that Elector, upon the Rhine, four German Miles from Cologne. It was first a Ro∣man Colony, called Colonia Julia Bonna, and fre∣quently mention'd in the ancient Historians on that Account: In the middle Ages it became a Free Im∣perial City; Frederick of Austria was here elected and Crowned in 1314. against Lewis of Bavaria. In 942. here was a Synod held. In 1588. the Duke of Parma took it by Famine. In 1673. the Prince of O∣range took it from the French, (who had surprised it the year before) and restored it to the Empire; it has for a long time been exempted from the Empire, and possessed by the Electors of Cologne. Accordingly the Cardinal of Furstemburg, in pursuance of his Election to the Archbishoprick of Cologne, Jul. 19. 1688. took possession of it; whose Pretences, on the one side being justified by the King of France, and on the other being opposed both by the Emperor and the Pope, produc'd the general War that now flames among the Euro∣pean Princes. And though Bonne in this Conjuncture was strongly inforced for its Security with a French Garrison; yet, after about a Months Siege by the Ele∣ctor of Brandenburg, with the Forces of the Allies un∣der his Command, it was obliged to surrender to them, Octob. 12. 1689. This Town lies in Long. 28. 40. Lat. 50. 42. § Bonne, Hippo, a City of the Pro∣vince of Constantine in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, upon the Mediterranean; famous for it's being an Epis∣copal See heretofore, in the Person of the Great S. Austin. Hippo was quite destroy'd by the Caliphr in 651. This of Bonne was built near its Ruines, and call'd by the Arabians Beled-el-Ʋgneb; by the Christians Bonne, as being the best and fruitfulest Country in Barbary. The K. of Tunis built it a Castle in the year 1500. Charles V. Emperor destroy'd all its Fortifications in 1535. The Turks have since repaired it, and it is provided with a little Port. §. Also a Town in the Province of Fossigni in the Dukedom of Savoy, upon the Rivulet of Menoy or Monole, 3 or 4 Leagues from Geneva; supposed to be the ancient Banta.

Bonaire, one of the Leeward Islands of America, which has its name from the Goodness of the Air. Ta∣ken from the Dutch by the Buccaniers in 1686. in 12 d. of Lat.

Bonconvento, a small Town in the Province of Tuscano in Italy upon the River Ombrone, near Siena. It was here, that the Emperor Henry VII. was poysoned in 1313.

Boncourt, a Village upon the River Eure, in the Diocese of Eureux, in the Province of Normandy in France: Strangely consumed by an unaccountable Wild-fire in the 4 years preceding 1670.

Boni, a Town upon the Loire between Nevers and Orleans; the ancient residence of the Knights of S. Lazarus, an Order now abolished in France and incorporated with that of S. Maurice in Savoy.

Bonifacio, a City in the Island of Corsica, which has a Port belonging to it. Thought to be the Palla of Ptolemy. It is well built and traded; and secured by one of the best Fortresses in Europe. The Streights betwixt the Islands of Corsica and Sardinia receive the Name of le Bocche di Bonifacio from hence; which Geographers conclude to be the same with the Fre∣tum Taphros of Pliny, the Fretum Etruscum of Ptolemy, and the Sinus Sardonius of Eustatius. They are sometimes also called le bocche di Beixonnere.

Bonneval, a Town in the Province of Beauce, upon the Loyre in France, 6 Leagues from Chartres, and 3 from Chasteau dun. Bo••h its Name and Rise is come from a great Abbey of the Benedictines here.

Bonneville, Bonopolis, the Capital Town of the Province of Fossigni in Savoy; about 5 Leagues from Annecy and Geneva, upon the River Arve, at the Foot of the Mountains; and at present but little considerable.

Bononia, in Italian Bologna, is a City of Roman∣diola in Italy, an Archbishop's See erected by Pope Gregory XIII. a Bolognese of the Family of BonCom∣pagno, who in 1582. brought also the University here into great Fame. It has been under the Popes ever since Julius II. who extorted it from the Bentivolio's; it is beautiful and a populous City and thought one of the principal Cities of Italy; the second at least in the States of the Church: 25 Miles from Ferrara towards the South, at the Foot of the Apennine Mountains, near the little River Reno: extraordinarily full of Gentry. It was heretofore a Roman Colony, till it submitted to the Lombards in the 8th Century. And being afterwards a Republick, it maintained a War 3 years with the Republick of Venice; and another with the Emperor Frederick II. whose Natural Son Eu∣zelin became its Prisoner. Honoriuus II. Lucius II. Gregory XIII. Innocent IX and Gregory XV. were all born here, and Alexander V. died here. Lewis the Son of Lotharius, deprived this City of its Walls in 844. They chose the Bentivolio's for their Princes in 1308. who were conquer'd by John Galeacio in 1308. Here was a Council held in 1310. In 1529. The Emperor Charles V. was Crown'd in the most No∣ble Church of S. Petronio here by Pope Clement VII. And the Council of Trent was removed hither in 1547. holding their 9th. and 10th. Sessions under Pope Paul III. It lies in Long. 33. 35. Lat. 44. 15. About 6 Miles in Compass, and indifferently well fortified. Governed under the Pope by a Legate a Latere, with the privilege of keeping an Embassadour for its Service at Rome, where it is treated more like a Sister than a Subject. The University carries the greatest Name of any now in Europe for the Canon and Civil Laws; whence, Bononia docet, they say to a Proverb. The Streets are furnished with arched Galleries, for Preservation against Heat, in the Nature somewhat of the Rows at Chester. The Body of S. Do∣minique Founder of the Dominican Order lies interr'd in a stately Convent of that Order here. The Metro∣politan Church of S. Peters is built according to the same Plat with that of S. Peters at Rome. An Aca∣demy of the Otiosi is erected in this City: And for the learned Authors produc'd by the University, see the Bibliotheca of Joh. Antonius Bumaldi. The ad∣jacent Country has the Name of the Bolognese from hence. See Bolognese.

Boot, an Island of Scotland in the Streights betwixt the Isle of Arran and the Province of Argyle.

Bopart, Bopartium, Bodobriga, a Town in the Archbishoprick of Treves upon the Rhine in Germa∣ny, betwixt Coblentz and S. Goar.

Boquerano, a litte Island of Asia in the Indian Ocean about 8 Leagues from Borneo.

Borcholm, a Fortress in the Island of Oeland near Gothia in the Baltick Sea, not above two Miles from Calmar East, in Lat. 56. 50. and Long. 34. 17.

Borcholt, a small Town upon the River Aa in the Province of Westphalia in Germany, under the Bishop of Munster.

Bordelong, Bordelona, a Town beyond the Gan∣ges belonging to the Kingdom of Siam. It has a Port upon the Gulph of Siam, betwixt Lingor and Sin∣gora.

Borgo, a Town in the Province of Finland in the Kingdom of Sweden, upon the Gulph of Finland, be∣twixt Vibourg and Revel.

Borgo S. Donnino, a City in the Dutchy of Parma in Italy, with a Bishops See erected by Pope Clement VIII. and placed under the Archbishop of Bologna by Pope Paul V. Heretofore call'd Fidentia and Julia. Its ancient Abbey was destroyed by the Emperor Fre∣derick II.

Borgosan Sepulchro, Biturgia, a City in the States of the Great Duke of Tuscany in Italy, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Florence. Some Synodical Constitutions were made here in 1641.

Borgo di Sessia, a Town properly in the Milanese in Italy, but belonging to the States of the Duke of Savoy, upon the River Sessia from whence it receives this Name.

Borgo-Ual-Di-Taro, a Town and Fortress in the States of the Duke of Parma in Italy, upon the Borders of the States of Genoua.

Boria, Belsinum, a City of the Kingdom of Ar∣ragon in Spain, 11 Miles from Zaragosa to the East.

Boriquen, one of the greatest Leeward Islands upon the Western Coast of America; betwixt S. Croix and Porto rico, under the Spaniards. The Natives of this Island in the beginning believed the Spaniards were Immortal, till one Salsedo they saw happened to be drowned in the River of Guarabo.

Borysthenes. See Nieper.

Bormes, Bormanico, a Town and Barony in Provence in France, betwixt Thoulon and S. Tropes, near the Sea.

Bormia, a River within the States of the Repub∣lick of Genoua in Italy; formed by 2 Rivulets of this Name, that rise in Piedmont and unite at Sessana. Thence Bormia passes by Acqui, receives some other small Rivers, and is received itself by the Tanaro near Alexandria della Paglia.

Bormio, the Italian Name for Worms in Germa∣ny. See Worms. § Also a small Town and County in the Country of the Grisons upon the River Adda near the Valteline.

Borneo, one of the greatest Islands in the East-Indies; between Sumatra to the West, Java to the South, Celebes to the East, and the Philippine Islands to the North. It is of a round shape, and the Line cuts the Southern part of it. Reported to be 1800 Miles in Compass, and to contain several Kingdoms; but the truth is the Eastern parts of this Island were never well discovered by the Europeans yet. Borneo the principal City, lies on the North-Western Shoar in a Bay. It is a rich, populous place, well Traded, built in a low ground, not much unlike Venice, and has belonging to it a capacious Haven.

Bornheim, a Territory and its Capital Town with a Castle in the Earldom of Flanders: being a part of the demeans properly belonging to the said Earldom.

Bornholm, Boringia, an Island in the Baltick Sea, taken by the Swedes in 1644. from the Danes, and afterwards ceded to them in 1658. by the Treaty of Roschill; but restored again in consideration of an Equivalent of Royal Demeans in Schonen. This Island affords excellent Pasturage and Cattle. It lies towards the furthest parts of Bleking, and has a good∣ly Town called Nex, and a Castle named Sand∣hamer.

Borno, a Kingdom, a Town, a Desart, and a Lake in the Division of Nigritia in Africa, being the Country of the antient Garamantes. The Kingdom stands bounded with Nubia to the East, Berdoa and Gaoga to the North, Gangara to the West, and the Niger to the South.

Bosa, Bosi, Bossa, an antient City in the Island of Sardinia, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sassari, betwixt Oristagni to the South and Sas∣sari to the North.

Boscasle, a Market-Town in Cornwal in the Hun∣dred of Lesnewth, which Elects 2 Members of Par∣liament.

Boscobell, a Name deservedly given to the Royal Oak which served as an Asylum to King Charles II. for some days after the Battle of Worcester in Sep. 1651. about 4 Miles from VVolverhampton in Staf∣fordshire.

Bosleduc, Boscum Ducis, now called by the French Bolduc, and by the Flandrians S. Shertogen∣bosch, a City in the Dukedom of Brabant, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mechlen, seat∣ed upon the River Disa, Dios, which a little farther to the North falls into the Maze. It is a large new City, environed with Rivers and Marshes, very well fortified, and only one League from the Maze: taken by the Dutch in 1629. who are still possessed of it. Geofry Duke of Brabant made a Town of it out of a Wood, in the year expressed in this Chro∣nogram,

GodefrIdƲs dƲX e sILVa feCIt oppIdƲM. The See was founded by Pope Paul IV. in 1559. And the Country called the Mayorality of Bosleduc, con∣taining above 100 Villages, has this City for its Capital.

Bosnia, called by the French Bossen, by the Ger∣mans Wossen, is a Province of Europe, bounded on the North by Sclavonia, on the West by Croatia, on the East by Servia, and on the South by Dal∣matia; it takes its name from the River Bosna, which riseth in Servia, thence entering Bosnia, wa∣ters Bosna-Sarai and falls into the Save. It had Kings of its own from 1357. till 1465. having been before a part of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Turks under Mahomet II. Conquered it in 1465. and are still possessed of a great part of it. The same Mahomet caused Stephen the last King of Bosnia to be flea'd alive.

Bosphorus Cimmerius, that famous Streight or passage at which the Euxine Sea communicates with the Paulus Maeotis or the Sea of Tana. They now call it the Streights of Caffa and Kerci from two Towns in the Peninsula of Taurica Chersonesus which are situated upon the Banks of it. Heretofore there was a Town called Bosphorus in those parts, which gave Name both to the Streights and to the antient People the Bosphori mentioned by Pliny, Strabo, &c. It afterwards changed its name to Panticapae∣um, which some believe to be the same with the modern Vospero, a late Bishops See under the Pa∣triarch of Constantinople. § Bosphorus Thracius, otherwise known by the Name of the Canal of the Black Sea and the Streights of Constantinople, is so narrow a passage betwixt Thrace and Asia Minor, that in some Streets at Constantinople they can hear the Cocks crowing upon the Shoars of Asia. Upon this Bosphorus stands Gallipoli, the Dardanells, and the Seven Towers where Prisoners of State are secured. It is now called Bogazin.

Bosra, or Bostra. See Bussereth. § Strabo speaks of another Bosra in Phaenicia.

Bossu, a Town in Hainault near Valencienne, dignified with the Title of an Earldom.

Boston, a Corporation in Lincolnshire, seated on both sides of the River Witham, which is covered by a

Timber Bridge; the Town stands within 3 Miles of the Sea, and has a very convenient Haven, which in Mr. Camden's time was well Traded; it sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament. § Also a place in New-England of the same name; well built and peopled. It is indeed the Capital Town of that Plantation.

Bosworth, an antient Market-Town in Leicester∣shire, upon the River Sence, which a little farther falls into the Anker at Atherston. Near this place Henry Earl of Richmond, Aug. 22. 1485. over∣threw in Battle Richard III. and put an end to those long and bloody Wars between the Houses of Lan∣caster and York. And March 12. 1686. King James II. did this Town the honor to constitute Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son, amongst many other great Honors, Baron of Bosworth.

Bothnia, a Province of Sweden upon the Baltick Sea, which gives Name to the Botner Sea or that Branch of the Baltick which lies most West; between which and Lapland this Province lies. Torn is its Ca∣pital City.

Bova, a City in the further Calabria in the King∣dom of Naples, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Reggio, near the Ocean; betwixt the Cape de Spartivento and Reggio.

Bouchain, Bochonium, Buceinium, a small but strong Town, well fortified, in the Province of Hai∣nault in the Low-Countries upon the River Escaut betwixt Valenciennes and Cambray. It is the Capital of the County of Ostervand, which formerly belong'd mmediately to the eldest Sons of the Earls of Hainault. Taken by the French in 1676. and ever since by them retained.

Boufflers, a Territory contained in the Diocese of Amiens in Picardy in France, upon the River Authie: Remarkable for giving Name to an Ancient and E∣minent Family in that Province.

Bouhin, an Island of France between the Coasts of the Provinces of Poictou and Bretaigne, below the Mouth of the Loyre. §. Also a Town in the County of Foretz in the same Kingdom near the River Lignon, which is one of the best Places in Foretz.

Bovines, Boviniacum, a small Town upon the River Maze, in the County of Namur; made famous by a bloody Battle given here by Philip the August, King of France, to Ferdinand Earl of Flanders, who was here taken Prisoner in the Year 1214: Where∣upon Philip founded the Abbey of our Lady de la Vi∣ctoire near Senlis in Commemoration of his Victory. This Town lies 4 Leagues from Namur to the South.

Bovino, Bovinum, is a small City in the King∣dom of Naples in the Capitanata, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento; it stands at the foot of the Apennine near the River Cervaro, six Leagues from Troja to the South, and twelve from A∣riano to the South-East.

Bouillon, Bullonium, a small Town and Castle in the Bishoprick of Liege, four Leagues from Masiers to the North, and ten from Namur. The Capital of an ancient Dukedom, which lies between the Duke∣dom of Luxemburg to the West, and Champagne to the South. This Dukedom was mortgaged to Otb••rt Bishop of Liege, in 1096, by Godfery then Duke of it, after the famous King of Jerusalem; and ever since the Bishops of this Diocese have claim'd a Right to it. But by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1679, it was agreed, that the Dukes of Bovillon, who are in possession of it, should peaceably enjoy the same; all Differences being referred to honorary Arbitrators; and that the Bishops should in the mean time use no Force against the said Dukes; and so it remains to this day in their Possession.

Boulogne. See Bologne, Bolognese, and Bononia.

Bourbone, Borbonium, a small City of France, the Capital of the Dukedom of Bourbone; bounded on the North with the Province of Niverne, on the East by the Dukedom of Burgundy, on the West with the Province of Berry and Marche, and on the South with Auvergne. The River Allier (El∣laver) cuts this Dukedom into two Parts; and it lies in length from the North-East to the South-West twenty eight Leagues between the Rivers of Loire and Cher. Robert, the fourth Son of Lewis the Ninth King of France, had this Dutchy in Marriage with Agnes of Bourbone, whose descendent after 300 years in the Person of Henry IV. came to the Crown of France in 1590, and his Grandchild Lewis XIV. now en∣joys that Throne. The principal City call'd Bour∣bonne l' Archambault lies 4 Leagues from Moulins, 56 from Paris to the South▪ near the River Allier. This City was erected from a Barony into a Dukedom, by Charles le bel in 1327. And its Castle is reputed a place of great Strength. §. The Island of Bour∣bon, otherwise call'd Mascarenhi, is an Island under the French ever since the Portugueze lost it to them; in the Aethiopick Ocean to the East of Madagascar, about 25 Leagues in Length and 14 in Breadth. They say there is a Volcano in some part of it; the rest is very fruitful.

Bourbon l' Ancy, a Town and Castle in the Pro∣vince of Burgogne in France, 7 Leagues from Mou∣lins, and one quarter of a League from the Loyre. It is much in Esteem for Mineral Waters, which are here covered with a Noble Structure of the Ancient Roman Work. This Town was never taken in the Civil Wars. It gives Name to a Territory in the Diocese of Autun, that is parted from the Province of Bourbonnois by the River Loyre.

Boyne, Bouinda, a River in the Province of Leinster in Ireland, which runs hard by Drogheda. where K. James II. and his Army, being about 25000 men encamped on the South side of this River, re∣ceived the Defeat of Jul. 1. 1690. by K. William in Person: The Duke of Schomberg was killed in the Action.

Burbourg, Burburgus, a Town in the East of Flanders, not above one Mile from Graveling, which was taken by the French in 1657. and has remained ever since in their Hands.

Bourdeaux, [Burdegala,] the Capital of the Pro∣vince of Guienne, and an Archbishops See; the Seat of one of the Parliaments of France; rich, well built, and populous. It has a noble Haven at the Mouth of the River Garonne, much frequented by the Dutch and English, and all other Northern Nations for Wine, Salt, &c. So that this City is deservedly accounted one of the best in France. It is also built in a very fruit∣ful Soil, and rarely improved by Art and Industry. It gave Birth to Ausonius the Poet, and to Richard II. King of England. It has also a very strong Castle call'd le Chateau Trompette: And was an University in the times of the Romans, which Honor has been reconferred upon it by Charles VII. Eugenius IV. and Lewis XI. since which times it has produced many very learned Men▪ First built by the Galls, improved by the Ro∣mans, made the Capital of a Kingdom by the Goths. It fell into the hands of lesser Lords, with the Title of Counts or Earls, after the times of Charles the Great: United with the Dukedom of Guienne in the times of Charles the Bald. Alenora the Daughter and Heir of Lewis VII. of that House, being married first to the King of France, and after to Henry I. of England; this Dukedom was annexed to the Crown of England, and continued so till wrested from them by Charles VII. of France, in the Reign of Henry VI. The French had indeed usurped it before upon King John; but the English were not without hope▪

of recovering it till this last mentioned time▪ It has given some disturbances to the Reigns of Lewis IX. and XIV. but is now finally brought under, having in 1650. been reduced by force of Arms, and a Siege. There has been many National Councils held here, and some Provin∣cial Synods; it stands about 12 Leagues from the shoars of the Ocean upon the South side of the Garon∣ne, in the most Southern Part of France, in Long▪ 20. 10. and Lat. 44. 50. The antient Inhabitants, by Pliny and Strabo have the Title given them of Bituriges Vivisci, to distinguish them from those of Bourges called Bituriges Cubi.

Borganeuf, a Town in the Province of la Mar∣che in France, upon the little River Taurion; three Leagues from S. Leonard and 5 from Limoges. Some are pleased to include it in Poictou.

Bourgen Bresse, Forum Sebusianorum, Tamnum, Burgus, a City in the County of Bresse in France, upon the River Resousse, 5 Leagues distant from Mascon to the East, and 9 from Lyons to the North: It has been under the Crown of France ever since 1601, when this whole County which before pertain∣ed to the Dukedom of Snvoy, was taken in. It had a strong Citadel erected in 1569, which was demo∣lished in 1611. The City is seated in Marshes, and called by some, by mistake, Tanus; adorned with a Bishops See by Pope Leo X in 1521. but this See was suppressed again by Pope Paul III.

Bourg sur Mer, a Town in Guienne, built up∣on the mouth of the Dordogne [Duranium] where it unites with the Garone, which heretofore was well fortified; it stands 5 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North.

Le Bourg de Viviers, or the Bourg de S. An∣deol, Burgus S. Andeoli; is the most populous Town in the County of Viviers, seated in a Plain upon the River Rhosne, 25 Leagues lower than Lions; antient∣ly called de Gentibus. Here S. Andeolus a Sub-dea∣con suffered Martyrdom, under Severus the Emper∣or and from him the Town has its name, as appears by the Registers of this Church.

Bourges, Bituricae, Biturix, Biturgium & A∣varicum; is a very great City, and an Archbishops See, the Head of the Dukedom of Berry; seated as it were in the centre of France upon the River Eure, which falls into the Seine above Roan, and naturally a strong Place. It has a noble Cathedral, and an U∣niversity, famous for the Canon and Civil Laws. The Archbishops enjoyed the Title of Primates of Aqui∣tain from the IX. Century to the time of Pope Cle∣ment V. who having been Archbishop of Bourdeaux transferred the Primacy from Bourges thither. Seve∣ral Councils and Synods have been held here; par∣ticularly in 1438. one under Charles VII. recogni∣zed the famous Council of Basil, and the Pragma∣tique Sanction, which continued thence in force, till suppressed by the Concordate betwixt Pope Leo X. and Francis▪ I. in the year 1516. It is 7 Leagues from la Charite to the West, 22 from Orleans to the North. Lewis XI. King of France was born here.

Bourgogne, or Burgundy, Burgundia, a very large Province in France, divided into 2 parts, the one of which is called the Dukedom, and the other the County of Burgundy. The Dukedom of Burgun∣dy hath on the East the Franche County, and Savoy; on the West Bourbonnois, on the North Champagne, and on the South la Bresse, Lionois, and some part of Baujolois. A Country not fruitful in any thing but Wines and fine Rivers. This Dukedom was seiz∣ed by Lewis II. upon pretence of want of Heirs Males, upon the Slaughter of Charles the Hardy by the Switzers, in 1467 and ever since it has been in the possession of the Crown of France. The County of Burgundy hath on the East the Mountain Jour▪ which parts it from Switzerland; on the West the Dutch▪ of Burgundy; from which it is divided by the S••a••ne on the North, and a Branch of the Mountain Vauge, which divideth it from la Bresse: it is reckoned to be 90 Miles in length, and about 60 in breadth: for the most part Mountainous, but fruitful of Wines▪ and intermixed with pleasant Valleys. The principal City of it is Besanson. The old Inhabitants were the Sequani, a potent Nation▪ In 1674 this County was taken from the Spaniards by the present King of France; and by the Treaty of Nimeguen confirmed to him. See Franche Comtè.

Bourgouin, a small Town in the County of Vi∣••nnois in the Province of Dauphine in France. A dependent formerly of the Barony of Tour du Pin, and famous for driving a Trade of Hemp.

Bourn, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Aveland, upon a Spring called B••rn••••••∣head. King Edmund was Crowned here. It also shows the Ruins of a good Castle.

Bouro, an Island of Asia (by some placed among the Moluccaes) in the Indian Ocean, near the Islands of Cambello and Manipe: under the King of Ternate.

Bouron, Bistonia, a Town in the Province of Romania in the Morea near the Archipelago, with a Lake of the same Appellation, on this side the Moun∣tain Argentaro. This place has sometime been the Seat of a Bishop and is often mentioned by our antient Hi∣storians.

Boutan, a Kingdom in the Terra firma of the In∣dies or according to others in the Great Tartary, to∣wards the Empire of the Grand Mogul, and believed to be the same with Barantola.

Boutonne, V••••tonna, a River in France, arising in Poictou; and flowing through Saintonge, (where it divides the Town of S. Jean d' Angel••,) it ends in the River Charente, which conveys it into the Ocean 2 Leagues from Brouage to the North▪ right over against the Island of Oleron.

Bowe, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hun∣dred of New Tauton.

Bozagar, Exopolis, a City of Tartary in Asia, a little more East than the Outlets of the River Tanais.

Bozolo, a Principality belonging to the Duke of Mantua, with a small Town betwixt Mantua and Cremona.

Brabant, Brabantia, Ambavariti populi, is one of the most considerable Provinces of the Spanish Netherlands; bounded on the East with Luyekland, or the Bishoprick of Liege; on the West with the River Scheld, and a part of Flanders; on the North with the Maze, which parts it from Holland and Guel∣derland; and on the South with Hainault, Namur, and a part of L••yckland. This Country is generally fruitful, and the Air good, 22 German Miles long, and 20 broad; and in these narrow Limits it had 26 walled Towns and Cities. Governed by Dukes of its own, from the year 1004, till the year 1430, when it fell to Philip II. Duke of Burgundy; by whose Grandchild, Margaret, (married to Maximilian Emperor of Germany,) it fell to Charles V. King of Spain, and in that House it remains to this day.

Bracciano, Arcennum, Bracennum, Brygianum, Sabata, a City of Italy, in the Dominions of the Church, upon the Lake of Sabato; honored with the Title of a Dukedom; now in the possession of the an∣tient Family of the Ʋrsini. It is a small, but fine City, about 20 Miles from Rome to the West.

Brachmanes, Bramins or Bramans, a famous Sect of Philosophers amongst the Indians, consulted by the greatest Wits of Greece; its thought Pytha∣goras received his Doctrine of the Transmigration of Souls amongst them. They professed the study

of Nature and Astronomy and Morality; and pla∣ced their Happiness in the Contempt of Wealth. The Bramans, who are the Priests of the modern Banjans, inherit their Esteem with the People: For they teach their Schools, live austerely, are considered as Oracles in the Affairs of Religion; and as to the Pointof a Me∣tampsyhosis, they are equally Pythagoreans with their Ancestors.

Brackley, a Market-Town in Nottinghamshire in the Hundred of Sutton, which returns 2 Members to the Parliament. It stands near the Spring of the River Ouse, and formerly had a College, which is since be∣come a School.

Braclaw, Braclavia, a Town in the Province of Podolia in the Kingdom of Poland upon the River Bug, and towards the Confines of Volhinia. It is also written Bratzlaw.

Bradano, Brada, a River in the Basilicata, in the Kingdom of Naples, which ariseth from the Apennine, and falls into the Gulph of Tarento, eighteen Miles from Tarento to the West.

Bradfield Magna, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hundred of Freshwell.

Bradford, a Market-Town in Wiltshire. The Ca∣pital of its Hundred, upon the Avon.

Bradforth, a Market-Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Morley near the fall of a small Stream into the Are.

Brading, a Market-Town in the Isle of Wight, in the Hundred of E. Medine.

Bradninch, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Heyrudge.

Braga, Augusta Bracarum, Bracara, Braecara, a City and Archbishoprick of Portugal, call'd Bragues by the French, in the Province of Antredoureo Minho; it stands upon the South Side of the River Morillo, four Leagues from the Ocean, eight Miles from Porto to the North, and almost fifty from Lisbon to the same quarter. The Archbishop of this City pretends, no less than the Archbishop of Toledo, to the Primacy of all Spain. This was the Seat of the Kings of the Sueves for an hundred and seventy Years, and is now of great Circumference, but not equally populous.

Braganza, Bragantia, Caeliobrigia, Tuntebriga, a City in the Kingdom of Portugal, which is hono∣red with the Title of a Dukedom: It lies in the Con∣fines of the Kingdom of Leon and Portugal, in the Province of Sera de Rebodaos; 7 Miles from Miran∣da to the North, and 25 from Braga to the East. John Duke of Braganza sirnamed the Fortunate being descended from the Kings of Portugal, in 1640, recovered that Kingdom out of the Hands of the Spa∣niards, and his Son now enjoys it.

Braintry, a Market-Town in Essex in the hun∣dred of Hinckford.

Brampour, a large Town in the Province of Can∣dis in the Empire of the Grand Mogul; and the second Government of Quality in that Empire. Adorn'd with a magnificent Castle, where the Governor of the Province resides. It is a place also of extraordinary Trade.

Brampton, a Market-Town in Cumberland in Esk∣dale Ward.

Brandenburg, Brandeburgum, Brennoburgum, is a very ancient City in the Upper Saxony in Germany: It stands in the middle March upon the North side of the River Havel, which falls into the Albis. This is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Meydburg: the See was erected by Otho the Great, Emperor of Germany, in 946. The City embrac'd the Augu∣stane Confession in 1563. It lies in Long. 35. 00. and Lat. 52. 39. The Marquisate of Brandenburg is bounded on the East by the Kingdom of Poland, on the West with the Dukedom of Saxony, on the North with Pomerania, and part of Mecklenburg, and on the South with Misnia, Lusatia, and Silesia: In Length from East to West sixty German Miles, and of a proportionable Breadth: In it there are fifty five Cities and Wall'd Towns; the chief of which are Brandenburg and Berlin. But it is neither very po∣pulous, nor very fruitful, except in Corn. The Prince is a Calvinist, and his Subjects Lutherans. He is one of the Electors, created in 1415. by Sigismund the Emperor. § Brandenburg Brunsberg; see Brunsberg. § Brandenburg Island, or the Island of Vulcan, Insula Vulcani, so called because it sometimes burns and vomits Fire like Aetna, is an Island in the Indian Ocean, towards the Eastern Coast of New-Guiney.

Brandon, a Market-Town in the County of Suf∣folk, upon the lesser Ouse, 5 Miles West of Thetford, and ten North of Bury. Charles Gorard Earl of Macclesfield in Cheshire was created Viscount of this Place, July 23. 1679. by Charles II.

Brantosme, Brantosma, an Abbey and Town in the County of Perigord in France, upon the River Droune, which there receives the Colle. Supposed to be founded by Charles M.

Braskow, Brascovia, a City and Bishops See in the Province of VValachia in the Kingdom of Hunga∣ry, towards the Frontiers of Moldavia and Transil∣vania.

Brasil, Brasilia, is a vast Country of the Southern America, bounded on the East with the Atlantick Ocean; on the West with some undiscovered Coun∣tries lying between it and the Andes; on the North with Guiana, and on the South with Paraguay. It reaches from 29. to 39 Deg. of Southern Latitude, and it is 500 Miles in Breadth; under the Dominion of the Portugueses, ever since the Year 1503. though the Spaniards claim it.

Brassaw, a Town in the Province of Lithuania in the Kingdom of Poland, with a good Castle: It stands below the River Wilna towards the Frontiers of Cur∣land and Livonia. It is the Capital of a Palatinate.

Brassaw, the same with Cronstat.

Brava, a City upon the Coast of Ajan in Africa; well built and fortified: Govern'd by the Laws of 12 Xeques or (Princes) in the Nature of a Republick, being the only Government of that sort in this Quarter of the World. The Xeques are elected out of the De∣scendents of the 9 Brothers, who fled hither out of A∣rabia Felix, from the Persecution of the King of Lacah.

Bray sur Seine, a small Town in the Province of Champagne in France, betwixt Nogent and Monte∣reau fant-Yonne: remark'd with the Title of a Duke∣dom. §. Bray sur Somme, a Town in Picardy in France betwixt Perone and Amiens. Bought of the Chatelain of Ponthieu, by Philip the August, in 1210.

Brayne, a Town in Champagne in France, upon the River Vesle, betwixt Soisons and Fisines. Some pretend it is the Bibrax of Cesar.

Brazza, Labraza, or Baac, Brattia, is an Island of the Adriatick Sea, upon the Coast of Dalmatia, under the Venetians. It is near the Island of Lesina, and takes its Name from a Town that stands in it.

Brechin, a City in the County of Angus in Scot∣land; adorn'd with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews. About 5 or 6 Leagues from the O∣cean. In Latin called Brechinium. §. Also a Town and Fortress in the Kingdom of Bohemia in Germany, upon the River Laucntz, near Tabor.

Brecknock, Brechinia, is one of the twelve Shires in the Principality of Wales: On the East it is bound∣ed with Herefordshire, on the South with Monmouth and Glamorganshire; on the West with Caermar∣thenshire, and on the North with Radnorshire. The chief Town is Brecknock, seated upon the North side of the Ʋsk, where the River Honthy or Hodney from

the North, and two other small Brooks from the South augment its Streams. It stands twelve Miles West of Abergevenny; and elects one Member of Parliament. This County is thick set with high Mountains, but fruit∣ful Valleys lie between them. Bernard Newmarch, who conquered this small Shire, built at Brecknock a Castle, which the Bohuns afterwards repaired. The most Loyal and Noble James Butler, Duke of Or∣mond, was created Earl of Brecknock, July 20. 1660. by Charles II.

Breda, [Breda,] a City in the United Provinces in the Dukedom of Brabant, upon the River Merca, Merck, under the Prince of Orange. A little, but a strong Place, and the Capital of a small Barony; taken from the Hollanders by the Marquess of Spinola in 1625. after a Siege of 10 Months: taken from the Spaniards in 1637. and though it has been twice be∣sieged by them, yet they never could retake it. At this place K. Charles II. continued some time in 1660. and receiv'd the welcome News of his Restitution. And in 1667. after a bloody War of three Years continu∣ance, here was a Peace concluded between the Eng∣lish and Dutch. It lies eight Leagues from Antwerp to the North.

Brederode, a Castle near Harlem in Holland, giv∣ing its Name to an antient Family.

Bregentz, a Town in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany upon a River so named. It sustains the Ti∣tle of an Earldom.

Brefort, Bredefort, or Bredervoerde, a Town in the County of Zutphen in Guelderland, in a marshy Place, strengthned with a Castle, near a Canal which joyns the Issel, two Leagues from Grol and Aanholt. The Prince of Orange took it by Storm in 1597.

Brema, a City and Kingdom beyond the Ganges in the East-Indies towards the States of Pegu. It is a rich Country and makes a puissant Prince, who re∣sides either at Brema or Carpa.

Brembo, a River in the Bergamasco in Italy, giv∣ing Name to the Valley of Brembo. It springs about the Frontiers of the Valtoline, and embraces the Adda a little below Bergamo.

Bremefurde, a Town in the Dutchy of Bremen in the lower Circle of Saxony. The ordinary Residence of the Governor of that Dutchy under the King of Sweden.

Bremen, Brema, is a very potent City in the lower Circle of Saxony in Germany; made more re∣nowned by an Archbishops See, instead of Hamburg. It stands upon the River Wiser, [Visurgis;] a Free Town, and under no Prince; with a small Territory about it, call'd Stift van Bremen. Tho the Swedes have many Pretences upon this Place, on the Account of the Dukedom of Bremen, yet they still main∣tain their Freedom. The Archbishops have embraced the Augustane Confession ever since 1585. This City was declar'd an Imperial Free City by Ferdinando III. Anno 1646. It stands 12 German Miles from Hamburg to the South-West. In Long. 40. 17. and Lat. 53. 25. First Wall'd in 1309. The Arch∣bishop never had any Sovereignty here. This Town was besieged by the Swedes in 1666. forty six Days, and at last rescu'd by the Interposition of the German Princes. The Dukedom of Bremen, which belonged heretofore to the Archbishop, was in 1648. yielded to the Swedes. It has the River Albis or the Elb, to the North, the Weser to the South, the Dukedom of Lunenburg to the East, and on the West the Duke∣dom of Oldenburg.

Bremgarten, Bremocartum, a Bailywick in Switzerland, belonging to eight of the antient Cantons. Bullinger the Apocalyptick Minister was born here.

Brene, or Breine-Aleu, a small Town in Brabant in the Low-Countries, with a Castle; 2 or 3 Leagues from Brussels.

Brene-le-Comte, a little Town in Hainault near Mons.

Brene sur le Vesle. See Brayne. §. Also a Di∣strict within the Province of Touraine in France in the Diocese of Bourges. Gregory of Tours was accu∣sed in a Council here in 581. or 83. for saying, that Queen Fredegonde had secret commerce with the Archbishop of Bourdeaux: but he was acquitted.

Brenta, Brentesia, a River in the Dominion of the States of Venice in Italy.

Brent, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hun∣dred of Stanborough.

Brentford the New, a Market-Town in Middle-sex in the Hundred of Elthorn, so called from the River Brent, which falls into the Thames betwixt Henden and Hampsted Hills. King Edgar assembled a Council here in 960. In 1016. King Edmund Iron∣fide obtained a Victory over the Danes at this Place, which obliged them to raise the Siege of London. And 1644. It was advanc'd to the Honour of an Earl∣dom in the Person of Patrick Ruthen Earl of Forth in Scotland, by King Charles I.

Brescia, Brixia, call'd by the French Bresse, by the Spaniards Brexa, is a City in the Venetian Terri∣tories in Italy, which is a Bishop's See under the Arch∣bishop of Milan, aggrandized with the Title of a Duke, Marquess, and Earl. The Capital of the Coun∣ty of Bresciano, a large well fortified Place, and has a very strong Castle upon a near Hill. It lies between the Rivers of Gorza and Mela, in a Plain 15 Miles from the Lake of Benaco to the West, and 50 from Milan to the South-East; built by the Senones, and was once under the Dukes of Milan, before it sell in∣to the hands of the Venetians. The County of Brescio has Verona to the East, Bergamo to the West, Cremo∣na to the South, and the Valtoline and the County of Tirol to the North. It is a great and fruitful Country.

Breslaw, Budorgis, Ʋratislavia Budorigum, call'd by the Poles wroclaw, is the Capital City of Sile∣sia, and of the Dukedom of Breslaw. A Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Gnisen in Poland; great and well built, and once a Free and Imperial City; but it was afterwards exempted from the Empire, and is now a kind of Free-State: It stands on the River Oder, towards the Confines of Poland. Made a Bishop's See in 1033. About the Year 1000. it was built by Mices∣laus, Duke of Poland; the Cathedral Church was built by Casimirus King of Poland, in 1041. Near this place Boleslaus King of Poland was overthrown by Henry V. and forc'd to take an Oath of Allegiance. This City lies 35 Miles from Cracow, and 40 from Berlin.

Bresle, a small River near Calais in France.

Bresne, a small River near Tours in France.

Bresse, Bressia, Sebusiani Populi, is a Province of France, bounded on the East by Savoy on the West, with Lionois, on the North with Charolois in the Dutchy of Burgundy and some part of the Franche County, and on the South with Dauphine. It is a pleasant and fruitful Country, and lies between the Soas∣ne and the Rhone. Bèllay and Bourg are its chief Towns. It belong'd from the Year 1285. to the Dukes of Sa∣voy, till 1600. when it was surrendred to Henry IV. of France, in lieu of Saluzzes, a Marquisate in I∣taly.

Brest, Brivates, a very good Sea-Port in the Dukedom of Bretagne in France, which as Scaliger saith, was call'd Gesocribate by Ptolomy. It lies on the most Western Coast of Bretagne, about 50 Leagues from Nantes to the North-West. This is the Magazine of the Admiralty of France; situated upon the Ascent of a Hill, and secured with New and Noble Fortifications both to the Sea and Land. The Sea enters into the Gulph

of Brest by 4 Ways, and the Vessels there are always a∣float. §. Also a Town in the Province of Cujavia in the Kingdom of Poland with a Castle well built in a Marshy Place near Vlaldislaw and the Vistula. Here, in the Years 1595. and 1620. two Councils were as∣sembled for the Union of the Greek Church of Lithu∣ania with the Latin. §. The same Name is given to a French Colony in New-France in America.

Brescici, Bressicia, call'd by the French Briescio, is a small City in Lithuania, the Capital of a Palati∣nate of the same Name: It lies between Lithuania, Russia, and Polachia, upon the Bug; and has a tole∣rable good Castle.

Bresuire, a small City in France, in Poictou; 3 Leagues from Parthenay, and as many from Thu∣ray.

Bretagne, Armorica, Britannia Minor, is a Pro∣vince of France, 70 Leagues long, and betwixt 35 and 40 broad; containing 9 Bishopricks who are all Suffragans to the Archbishop of Tours. In three of these, that is, Cornouaille, S. Paul de Leon, and Figuier, the Inhabitants entirely speak Briton, a Language the same in abundance of words with the Welsh: in the other three (to wit) Nantes, Vennes, and S. Brieux, they speak Briton and French mix'd; yet the most ordinary Sort, only Briton: in the rest, they speak all French. It is bounded on the East with Normandy, and the County of Maine; on all other sides with the Eng∣lish Seas; upon the South side it has the Loire, which divides it from Anjou; but yet the County of Raiz, which belongs to Bretagne; lies on the South side of that River, between it and Poictou. The Britains were first brought hither from England by Maximus, in 389. To which a great Accession was made by the dri∣ving out the Britains by the Saxons. They erected a Kingdom here in 485. (I suppose after the coming of the second Saxon Colonies) which lasted till 874. when a lesser Title was taken up with the same Power; which continued till 1498. under 28 Dukes; when Lewis XII. married Anne the Daughter of Francis II. the last Duke of Bretagne, who, in 1484. had been married to Charles VIII, K. of France before. Francis I. of France, succeeded in the Right of Claude his Wife; whose Issue failing, the Right fell to the Duke of Savoy, but the French kept the Possession. §. New Bretagne, a Province of New-France in A∣merica, upon the Gulph of S. Lawrence: Its Settle∣ments are call'd Brest, Belle Isle, &c.

Brewood, a Market-Town in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of Cudleston. The Bishops of this Diocese had their Palace here before the Conquest.

Bretevil, a Town in High Normandy in France upon the River Iton.

Brianzon, a City in the Dalphinate, supposed to be one of the highest in the World. It is the Capital of the Bailywick of Brainzonnois; in Ptolomy call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in Antoninus Brigantium, in Am. Marcel∣linus Virgantia. The Dure and the Ance (the two Sources of the Durance) unite below it. The Castle stands upon the top of a Rock, and is very strong. Yet taken from the Leaguers by the Duke de Lesdi∣guieres in 1590. §. Likewise a Village in Provence, in the Diocese of Glandeves, where they find Num∣bers of Medals with Inscriptions. §. And a Castle in the Territory of Tarantaise in Savoy, upon the Ri∣ver Isere; about 1 League below Moutiers; with a Village of the same Name. These two last men∣tioned Brianzon's are also call'd in Diminution Brian∣zonnet.

Briare, a Town in the Dutchy of Orleans, upon the River Loire, where the Channel is cut for the Com∣munication of the Loire and the River Seine. In 1652. a Battle was fought here betwixt the Army of the King of France, and that of the Princes. The New Channel takes the same Name: in Latin, Brivodurum, and Breviodurus.

Bricquia, a Province in the lesser Asia, formerly called Licia.

Bridgend, a Market-Town in Glamorganshire in Wales, in the Hundred of New-Castle.

Bridge-North, a Market-Town in Shropshire in the Hundred of Stottesdon upon the Severn. Hereto∣fore fortified; since demolished.

Bridlingtou, or Burlington, a small Town in the County of York, where Mary Queen of England Lan∣ding from Holland, February, 22. 1642. was most barbarously treated by 4 Parliament Ships, which a great while plaid with their Cannon on the Town, and especially on that House in which the Queen was en∣tertained.

Bridge-Water, a Corporation in Somersetshire, upon the South side of the River Parret, which about five Miles further falls into the Irish Sea; 13 Miles from Wells to the West, and 23 from Bristol to the South-West. It was a great and a populous Town, as Mr. Camden saith; but suffered very much in the old Rebellion by the Scots, July, 23. 1645. And on Sunday, July 5. 1685. the late Duke of Monmouth, Natural Son to Charles II. of ever blessed Memory, was entirely defeated (being then in Rebellion against K. James II.) upon a Moor near this place, by the Pro∣vidence of God, and the Courage of the Earl of Fe∣versham; who the same day marched to Bridge-Water, the Rebels having before his coming deserted it, and dispers'd themselves. The greatest Honor this Town has, is to give the Title of an Earl to the Right Ho∣nourable John Egerton, whose Father was created Earl of Bridge-VVater, May 17. 1617. in the 5th. Year of James I. being the Son and Heir of Thomas Egerton, Lord Chancellor of England, who was created Baron of Ellesmere in 1603, and Viscount Brackley in 1616.

Bridport, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire. The Capital of its Hundred; 2 Miles from the Sea, to which it had formerly a very good Haven. This Town was famous in the time of K. Edward the Confessour. It sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament.

Brie, a Country, part within the Government of the Isle of France, and part in the Province of Cham∣pagne, betwixt the Rivers Seine and Marne. Meaux sur Marne is the Capital Town of it. It is very fruitful. In Latin call'd Bria, Brigeium, and Bri∣giensis saltus.

Brie-Compte-Robert, a Town in the Country precedent, upon the River Iere; four or five Leagues from Paris.

Brieg, Brega, a Town upon the Oder in Silesia in Germany, betwixt Oppelen and Breslaw. The same is the Capital of the Dutchy of Brieg.

Brienne, a small Town in Champagne in France, upon the River Aube; with the Title of an Earl∣dom; near Troyes, between Bar-sur-Aube and Planci. This Place gives Name to the antient House of Brienne.

Brighthelmston, a Market-Town in Sussex in Lewis-Rape by the Sea Side.

Brignoville, Brinnonia, Brinnola, a Town and Bailywick in Provence in France, near the River Ca∣ramie: Understood by some, to be the Forum Ve∣conii; by others, the Matavonium of the Antients. Charles V. the Emperor, took it in 1536. The Lea∣guers surprized it in 1589.

Brille, or Briel, a Town and Port of Holland, in a good Soil, but a gross Air, at the Confluence of the Rhine and the Meuse, in a small Island of this Name. It was surprized by the Dutch, in 1572. by the help of the Succors obtained from Queen E∣lizabeth: And this Action was as the first Founda∣tion of the Commonwealth of Holland.

Brin, Eburum, Arsicua, Brinum, Brina, a City of Moravia, seated upon the River Zwitta, where it falls into that of Swarta, 7 German Miles South of Olmitz. This was the only place which in 1645. and 1646. held out for the Emperour against the Swedes in all Moravia, when being besieg'd it broke the Swedish Army, and forc'd them to rise: call'd by some Bruna; written Brenne also.

Brindisi, Brundusium, is an Archiepiscopal City in the Kingdom of Naples, which has a strong Castle, and a safe Harbour at the mouth of the Gulph of Ve∣nice: 36 Miles from Tarento to the East. Pompey retired hither after his overthrow, in the Year of Rome 705. and was obliged to leave the place again, because Caesar pursued him. In the Year 735. the incompara∣ble Virgil died here; that is, about 19 years before the coming of our Saviour. It has been several times ruin'd and repair'd.

Brioude, Brivas, Vicus Briatensis, a great and antient Town in the Province of Auvergne in France, upon the Allier. The Emperour Avitus was bu∣ried in the Church of S. Julianus here: The Chapter takes the Title of Earls of Brioude, being in the first institution Knights Confederated to make War a∣gainst the Normans in the Year 898. § 2 Leagues from this place, stands Brioude la Vieille, upon the same River; where there is a Bridge to cover it, com∣pos'd of one Arch, so extraordinary long and high, as scarce to have its parallel in Europe.

Briqueras or Briquerasco, Briquerascum, a con∣siderable Town in the Principality of Piedmont, 4 or 5 Leagues from Pignerol, with a Castle. Taken by the Sieur de Lesdiguieres in 1592. and retaken by Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy, in 1594. Also fa∣mous in the Wars of Piedmont in the years 1629. 30. and 31.

Brisach, Brisacus Mons, a City with a very strong Castle, in the Territory of Brisgow in Alsatia, with a Stone Bridge upon the Rhine; 6 German Miles from Basil to the North, and 7 from Strasburg, and a from Colmar. It was a Free Imperial City till 1330. when it was exempted, and given to the House of Austria; call'd therefore the Key of Germany, the Cittadel of Alsatia, and the Pillow on which the House of Austria slept with security. In 1633. Gustavus Horne, a Swede, besieg'd it vain: but in 1638. it was taken by the French, under the command of the Duke of Weimar; who are still in Possession of it; their Title being confirm'd by the Treaty of Westpha∣lia, or Munster, in 1648. and afterwards by the Treaty of the Pirenees, in 1659.

Brisag, or Brisiaco, a Town under the Grisons, upon the Lake Majour in Italy; between Lo∣carna, Canobia, and Domo.

Brisgow, Brisgovia, is a Province of Germany, lying on the East of the Rhine, and the West of Wirtenburg, and on the South clos'd with the Can∣ton of Basil. The principal place is Friburg. This Province is in part under the House of Austria, and in part under the French; Brisach (which was once its Capital) being under the latter; but the greatest part under the former. The Prince of Conde obtain'd a Victory here in 1644. when General Merci was kill'd.

Brissach, a Town in the Province of Anjou in France, upon the River Aubance, below Saumur. It gives the Title of a Duke.

Bristoll, Bristolium, Venta Belgarum, Venta Si∣lurum, is a noble City in the County of Somerset, upon the River Avon, which runs through the midst of it; and so part of it stands in Glocestershire; but then it is a County of itself, and belongs to nei∣ther of them. It is a neat, strong, clean, populous, rich, well traded City; and after London and York▪ the Third principal Place of England; the Inhabitants of this City Trading into all parts of America, and most other parts of the World: tho no where nam'd before the Year 1063. Robert Bishop of Constance, a Seditious Man, first Wall'd it, in the Reign of Wil∣liam Rufus against that King. It has a Stone Bridge, with Houses built on both sides of it over the River. And also a Castle, in which King Stephen was kept a Prisoner some time, after he had in vain besieg'd it. The Bishops See was Founded by Henry VIII. and made Suffragan to the Archbishop of Canter∣bury. In the beginning of the Rebellions against Charles I. it sided with the Parliament, and was on that account besieg'd by Prince Rupert, July 24. 1643. who took it in two days; under whom it continued till September 10. 1645. when it was sur∣rendred to Fairfax the Parliaments General. It was preserved from falling into the hands of the late Duke of Monmouth, by the Vigilance of the Duke of Beaufort, who was Lord Lieutenant of this City and its County.

Britain. See England.

New Britain, a Country in the Northern Ame∣rica, between Hudson's Bay and New France; dis∣cover'd, nam'd, and possess'd, by the English. For∣merly call'd Estoiteland. See Estoiteland.

British Sea, Mare Britannicum, by the French call'd la Manche, is the known Sea betwixt England and France: Extending, according to Pomponius Mela, to the Islands of Sain and Osismiens; that is, to the Diocese of Treguier in Bretagne.

Brive-la-Gaillarde, Briva Curretia, a Town in the Province of Limosin in France, upon the River Coureze: 2 or 3 Leagues from Tulles. Gombaud Ballo∣mer, natural Son to Clotaire I. King of France, was here Crown'd, after the death of Chilperick I. Not a large Place, but situated to its commendation.

Brixen, Brixinio, an Episcopal City in the Coun∣ty of Tirol in Germany, under the Archbishop of Saltzburg. Heretofore a Free Imperial City; but now exempted. It lies at the Foot of the Mountain Bruneck▪ upon the River Eysach, where it receives another River call'd the Riencz, not far from Siben, a ruin'd City, out of which it sprang. It lies not above 2 Miles from the Confines of the Dominions of the State of Venice, and 13 from Trent. In the year 1080. the Emperour Henry IV. presided over a Coun∣cil here of 30 Bishops of his Party; who all subscri∣bing to his resentments, of the Excommunication and Degradation pronounced against him by Pope Gre∣gory VII. deposed the said Pope, elected Guibert Archbishop of Ravenna (who took the Name of Clement III.) to succeed him in the Chair of Rome, and Voted that the Emperour should carry his Arms into Italy to put their Decrees in execution.

Brocalo, a Kingdom of Nigritia in Africa.

Brockersberg, a Mountain between Thuringen and Franconia.

Brockmerlandt, a Territory in Friseland.

Brod, a small Town in Bosnia upon the Save; famous for the Victory which Prince Louis of Ba∣den obtain'd near it over the Bassa of Bosnia, Sept. 5. 1688. whereby the Turks, pro illa vice, lost that whole Country.

Broitzchia, a Town in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the hither East-Indies, 12 Leagues from Surate: under the great Mogul.

Bromley, a Market-Town in Kent, in Sutton Lath, upon the River Ravensburn. Here there is a College for 20 Clergymen's poor Widows, founded by Dr. Warner. The Seat of the Bishop of Rochester stands by it.

Bromley Abbots, a Market-Town in Stafford∣shire in the Hundred of Pirehill.

Bromes-Grove, a Market-Town in Worcester∣shire in the Hundred of Halfshire upon the Banks of the River Salwarp.

Bromyard, a Market-Town in Herefordshire in the Hundred of Brocash.

Bronchorst, a Town in the Province of Guel∣derland upon the Issel, very near Zutphen. It gives the Title of an Earl.

Bronsbroo, Bronsbroa, a Town of the Kingdom of Sweden, in the Province of Ostrogothia: where the Crowns of Sweden and Denmark held a Treaty of Peace in the Year 1645.

Brough, a Market-Town in VVestmorland, in East Ward.

Broughton, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Loynsdale.

Brouage, one of the fairest and strongest Forts in all France, in Xaintonge, not far from Burdeaux.

Brower, a Name given by Brower a Dutchman to the Streights discovered by him in 1643. to∣wards the Island of Statenland in the Sea of Ma∣gellan in America.

Browershaven, a Town and Port in the Island of Schowen in Zeland, •• Leagues from Ziriczee. Rich and Populous.

Bruca, Pantagia, a River of Sicily.

Brucomat, Brucomagus, a Town in Alsatia

Bruges, Bruga, a City in Flanders, call'd by the Dutch Brugg, which was made a Bishops See by Paul IV. under the Archbishop of Mechlin; a large, beautiful, well traded Town, and has its name from the multitude of Bridges in it; being seated on a knot of Dikes, 8 Miles from Gant to the West, and 3 from Ostend to the East. This is under the Spaniards, and is one of the best they have left: be∣ing 4 Miles in Circuit, wonderfully well Peopled, and once exceeding rich. They reckon 60 handsom Churches in it.

Brugneto, Brunetum, a City in the State of Genoua, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Genoua, at the Foot of the Apennine, 50 Miles from Genoua to the East; of little compass, thinly inhabit∣ed, and ill built.

Bruno, Prilis, a Lake and small River in the Territories belonging to Siena, once a Commonwealth in Italy, now a part of the Dukedom of Florence; 8 Miles from the City of Grosseto to the South-West.

Brunsberg, Brunsberga, is a Royal City belong∣ing to the Kingdom of Poland in Prusia, but some years since mortgag'd to the Duke of Brandenburg: seated upon the great Bay call'd Frish Haff, on the West side of the River Passerg, 8 Miles from Mar∣genberg to the East, and the same distance from Ko∣ningsperg to the West.

Brunsbuttel, a small Town in the Dukedom of Holstein in Germany, towards the Mouth of the Elb, under the King of Denmark; 2 or 3 Leagues from Glukstat.

Brunswick, Brunopolis, Brunonis Vicus, is a City and Dukedom in Germany: the Dukedom is a part of the Dukedom of Saxony, bounded on the East with the Earldom of Mansfield, on the West with Westphalia, on the North with Lunenburgh, and on the South with Hassia. This Dukedom takes its name from Brunswick, the principal City in it, which lies upon the River Onacra and was a Free Im∣perial City or Hanse Town, the Metropolis of the antient Saxony: a rich, strong, populous City, or rather five Cities under one Law, and within one Wall, which is 8 English Miles in compass: built by Bruno Duke of Saxony, in 861. and from him it had its name. It fell into the hands of the Duke in 1671. and is now under their Dominion; it has a Castle lately built, and well fortified, since which time it is much decay'd. This City embrac'd the Reformation in 1522. and Professeth the Augustan Confession, as all the rest of that Dukedom doth. It lies 20 Miles from Hamburg to the North, upon the River Oker.

Brussel, Bruxella, the chief City and Seat of the antient Dukes of Brabant, and after that of the Dukes of Burgundy, as it is at this day the Residence of the Spanish Governour of Flanders: seated upon the Sinne, and other Springs and Rivers, which make it one of the sweetest Situations in Europe; 8 Leagues from Antwerp to the South, and 4 from Lovaine; being partly in a Plain, and partly on a Hill. In the Cathedral Church of S. Gedulle they pretend to have an Host, stabb'd sometime by a Jew in indignation at the supposed presence of the Body of Christ, which shed Blood out of the Wound; and the Jew (they say) immediately was struck with death: Where∣as the Life and Conversion of the Man had been a greater Proof of the miracle. In Long. 25. 6. and Lat. 50. 50. § There is another small City of the same name in Germany, in the Bishoprick of Spire.

Brutij, an antient People of Italy, descended o∣riginally from the Lacedaemonians. They were di∣stinguish'd into Cismontani and Tramontani, posses∣sing that part of Italy which we now call the further Calabria. In the second Punick War they ran over to Hannibal; whereby they lost their Reputation to that degree amongst the Romans, that they could never afterwards get to be employ'd but in servili∣ties, and even their name became a Proverb for a despicable Generation of People, living continually in meanness and shame.

Bruton, a Market▪ Town in Somersetshire, the capital of its Hundred, upon the River Brue. The Lord Fitzharding has a noble Seat here.

Bua, otherwise call'd Chiovo, is an Island of Dal∣matia near Spalatro, under the Venetians. It is ve∣ry near to the Island of Troghir.

Bucephala, Alexandria Bucephalos, a Town in the Indies, built by Alexander M. in honor of his Horse. It is mentioned by Q. Curtius. The Moderns suppose that it is the same with Lahor now. See Lahor.

Buchs, a small Principality within the Territory of Burgundy in France, near Medoc; belonging to the House of Foix and Candale.

Buckenham the New, a Market-Town in Nor∣folk in the Hundred of Shropham.

Buckenburgh, a small Town in Westphalia in Germany, where the Counts of Lippe-Buckenburgh (taking their Style from hence) have a Palace.

Buckinghamshire, Buckinghamia, is divided on the South from Berkshire by the Thames, on the North it hath Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire; on the West Oxfordshire; and on the East Hert∣fordshire and Middlesex; a County very Fruitful, and chiefly employed in Grazing. The first Earl of this County was Walter Giffard, a great Man amongst the Normans, whose Son Walter died in 1164. In 1377. Richard II. conferred this Title upon his Uncle Thomas of Woodstock. Humfry Earl of Stafford was the first created Duke of Buckingham in 1444. Edward, the last of this Race, was Beheaded in the Reign of Henry VIII. in 1521. After which this Title lay vacant till 1623. when James I. created George Viscount Villiers, Duke of Buckingham; his Son George succeeded him, who died April 16. 1687. without Issue, and left the Title vacant. On the North of the River Ouse, in the North-west part of the County, stands the Town of Buckingham, which gives Name to the whole County. It was Wall'd before the Conquest in 915. by Edward the Elder, to secure it against the Danes: in after times there was a Castle built here, which is now intirely ruin'd; the Town stands upon a low ground, very commodious for Mills, and incircled by the River on

all sides but the North. And it is a Corporation, and sends Two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Bnckor, a Town and Kingdom in the States of the Great Mogul in the East-Indies. The former stands upon the River Indus; the other is bounded by the Kingdoms of Tattan to the South, Multan to the North, Hajacen and Persia to the West, and Jesselmere to the East.

Buda, Buda Heraclia, Aquinum, is the Capital of the Kingdom of Hungary: call'd by the Turks Budun, by the Germans Offen, by the French Bude, and by the Italians Buda. Heretofore a very great and rich City, till it fell into the hands of the Turks, who ruin'd most of its stately Houses and Palaces: it lies on the West side of the Danube, over against Pest, which is joyn'd to it by a Bridge of Boats: and is divided into two parts, the Upper and Lower; between which there is the distance of a Mile: the Lower Town is weak; but the upper Town is by Na∣ture one of the strongest Forts in the World, and has a very strong Castle on the West side: said to be built by one Buda, the Brother of Attila King of the Huns, and from him to have its Name. In 1279. there was a Council held here under Pope Ni∣colas III. and Ladislaus III. King of Hungary. It was much improved by Sigismund King of Hungary about the Year 1387. and adorned with many stately Buildings; amongst the rest with a Castle, where at first the Kings and afterwards the Turkish Visiers re∣sided; which was so strong, that it was thought Im∣pregnable. The Successors of this Prince augment∣ed this City, and strengthened it with new Fortisica∣tions. Solyman II. Emperor of the Turks took it first in 1526. Ferdinand the Arch-Duke of Austria, retook it the next Year after. In 1529 Solyman re∣took it again, after the Garrison had stood eleven Aslaults; and restored it to the Weywood of Tran∣silvania, who had lost it before. Ferdinando in 1540. or 1541. attacked it again, when Solyman coming the third time to relieve it, raised the Siege, and made himself Master of the place by a Stratagem and Surprise. In 1598. Matthias the Arch-Duke a∣gain besieged it, and after in 1601. again, but with no Success. In 1684. the Duke of Lorrain sat be∣fore it from July 14. to November 1. but was for∣ced to rise and leave it: this brave General in 1686. reinvested it June 15. and after a bloody defence made by the Governor, took it by storm September 2. following; though the Grand Visier stood and looked on with an Army of 50000 Men, and was no way able to help him. In the lower Town there is a Hot and a Cold Bath, both adorned very much by the Turks, who are great lovers of Baths: it lies 49 German Miles from Belgrade to the North, 54 from Vienna to the South. Long. 42. 15. Lat. 47. 7. The Imperialists found in it 400 Peices of Artillery, a Treasure of above 300000 Ducats, and the antient Library of the Kings of Hungary, aug∣mented by Matthias Corvinus, entire; which last was ordered to be transported to Vienna.

Buddesdalc, a Market-Town in Suffolk in the Hundred of Hartesmere. Here there is a Grammar School endowed with certain Scholarships assigned to Cambridge.

Budoa, Butua, a City of Dalmatia, upon the shoars of the Adriatick Sea, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Antivari: well Fortified, under the Dominion of the Venetians, but it is small; and has been severely handled by the Turks, who took it in 1571. and were obliged soon after to re∣turn it to the Venetians again. In 1667. it was al∣most ruined by an Earthquake. This City lies ten Miles from Antivary to the West, between the Gulph of Cattaro, and that of Lodrin, in Long. 43. 30. Lat. 42. 23.

Budziack, more antiently called Bessarabia, which see.

Buhiera, Arapotes, Maria, Marcotis, a Lake in Egypt.

Buenos Aytes, or Civitad de la Trinidad, a City and an Episcopal See in the Province of Paraguay upon the River Plata in the West-Indies, whither the King of Spain was perswaded to bring his Silver from Potosi; but found it not convenient, by reason of the Vicinity of the Portugals in Brasil.

Bugen, a Town and Kingdom in the Island of Ximo, belonging to Japan.

Bugey, a small Country in France, betwixt the Rhosne and the Ains. The former separates it from Savoy and Dauphine, the other from Bresse and Bur∣gundy. In length 16 Leagues, and about 10 in breadth: the Capital Town of it is Belley. This Country belonged to the Sovereigns of Bresse, till the Year 1621. that it submitted to the Crown of France.

Bugia, a City and Province in Barbary in the old Kingdom of Algiers. The latter extends itself along the Sea Coast, betwixt the River Sufegmar to the East, the River Major to the West, and the Moun∣tains to the South: the other stands upon the Mouth of the Major with a good Port, and was heretofore a Bishops See; they now reckon about 8000 Houses in it. It is the Salda or Saldae of the Antients. In 1508▪ the Spaniards took it, but the Turks soon after removed them. § Also a Town upon the Nile in Nu∣bia in Africa towards the Frontiers of Egypt, betwixt Jalac and Assuana: written sometime Bugiha

Bugna, Abugana, a Kingdom in Aethiopia, Mountainous and small.

Built, a Market-Town in the County of Breck∣nock in Wales, the chief of its Hundred▪

Bulgaria, pars Moesiae inferioris, is a County which is bounded on the East with the Euxine Sea; on the West with Servia; on the North with the Danube, by which it is parted from Moldavia and Walachia; and on the South with Thrace. It has this name from the Bulgares, a Scythian People, who in 566. possessed themselves of it. This Nation first received the Christian Faith about 700. but were not totally gained over to Christianity till about 860. since which time they have been subject to the Juris∣diction of the Patriarch of Constantinople: first un∣der Kings of their own, till 1310. when they were Conquered by Charles King of Hungary, having been before extreamly weakened by their Wars against the Eastern Emperors. They were finally subjugated by Amurath II. Emperor of the Turks about 1427. e∣ver since which time they have been subject to that Empire. The Country for the most part is full of sharp rugged Hills, Branches of the great Mountain Haemus, which divides it from Thrace; so that it is the most unpleasant and worst peopled part of Dacia; the People are accordingly patient of all Toil and La∣bor▪ and brutishly Valiant.

Bullerborn, Fons Tumultuarius, a Fountain near the Village of Oldenbeck in the Province of Westpha∣lia in Germany. It is remarked for using to yield its Water with extraordinary noise and unequal Inter∣missions.

Bullingbrooli, an antient Market-Town in Lin∣colnshire. The Capital of its Hundred; upon the spring of a River, which falls into the Witham. This was the Birthplace of Henry IV, thence surnamed of Bullingbrook. Made an Earldom first in the Person of S. Oliver S. Johns, descended from the Grand-Mother of Henry VII. which Title is now enjoyed by the Right Honorable Pawles S. John,

Bungay, a Market-Town in Suffolk in the Hun∣dred of VVangford, upon the Banks of the River VVa∣ve nay.

Bungo, a Town and Kingdom in the Island of Ximo belonging to Japan in the East-Indies: this is in the Eastern part of the Island. The King and a number of his Subjects had once embraced the Chri∣stian Religion, but the terrible Persecution that fol∣lowed, reduced them to their old again.

Buntingford, a Market-Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Edwinstree.

Buqhan, or Buchan, a County of Stotland, bounded on the North and East with the German Ocean; on the West and South with Murray and Marr. The Castles of Stanes and Fendracht are the most considerable places in it. It affords good Pasturage.

Bura, an antient Town of Achaia in the Morea, upon the Gulph of Corinth: famous heretofore for an Oracle of Hercules, whose Statue was Adored in a neighbouring Cavern. This Town had the fortune to be over-turn'd by an Earthquake. The remaining ruins have taken since the name of Pernitea; betwixt Patras and Vasilica.

Buragrag, a River in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, separating the Provinces of Fez and Thes∣mena. It falls into the Altantick at Cap de Sola, having at the Mouth of it a Town standing of the same Name.

Buren, a small Town with the Title of an Earl∣dom, in the Province of Guelderland, 3 Leagues from Bosleduc and Ʋtrecht, near the River Slingh.

Burford, a Market-Town in Oxfordshire, in the Hundred of Bampton, near the River Windrush. About the Year 750. Cuthbert King of the West Saxons overthrew Ethelbald King of the Mercians here, and won his Banner, wherein was depicted a golden Dragon. Whence came the Custom of this Town of making every year a Dragon in Jolity. It gives the Title of an Earl to the Duke of S. Albans.

Burgaw, Burgavia, a Country and Marquisate in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, lying along the Danube. It receives this name from Burgaw upon the River Mindel, which is the capital Town of it. This Country is about 10 Leagues broad and long; and has been possess'd by the House of Austria ever since the year 1282.

Burgh, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Candleshow.

Burglave, is an antient Diocess in the North Iut∣land, where now is the Diocess of Alborch, called by the Latin writers Alburgensis.

Burnham Market, a Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of Brother Cross. So call'd in distinction from other Burnhams which are not Market-Towns.

Burgos, Masburgi, Bravum, Burgi, called by the French Bourgues, is the Capital of old Castile. Formerly a Regal City, and grew up out of the Ru∣ins of Occa: made an Archbishops See by Gregory XIII. in 1571. having been a Bishops See from 1075. It stands on the North side of the River Arlanzon, which falls into the Duero below Valladolid; amongst the Mountains, upon the descent of an Hill, and declines itself also apace, being Inhabited but by a few Peo∣ple. Anciently call'd Bravum, and Masburgi: 37 Spanish Miles North of Madrid. In Long. 16. 32. and Lat. 43. 10.

Burick, or Budrick, Budrichium, a strong Town in the Dutchy of Cleves in Germany, upon the Rhine, 2 or 3 Leagues from Gueldres: under the Hollan∣ders. This was one of the Four Towns which the French besieged at the same time at the opening of the Campagne of the year 1672. The Mareschal de Turenne commanded the Siege.

Burnley, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Blackburn.

Burntwood, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hundred of Chelmsford.

Burrowbridg, a Market-Town in the West Ri∣ding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Claro.

Burton, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Manlake, upon the River Trent, near its fall into the Humber. § Another in Westmor∣land in Loynsdale Wapentake, near the great Hill call'd Farleton-knot-hill. § A Third in Stafford∣shire in the Hundred of Offlow, upon the River Trent.

Bursa, Prusa, called by the Turks Bruss, by the Italians Bursa and Bourse, by the French Brusse, is a City of the lesser Asia, in the Province of Chintale, antiently Bithynia: built by Prusius King of Bithy∣nia, in the year of the World 3179. and gave Name to that Part of that Kingdom in which it stood. Ta∣ken by Orchanes the Turk, in 1325. after which it was the Seat of their Empire, till they took Adriano∣ple and removed it thither in 1402. In ancient time a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Nicomedia; but afterwards it became a Metropolitan See of it self. It is two Miles in length, well built and peopled, and one of the richest Cities in Asia; and to this day en∣nobled with the Sepulture of the Princes of the Otto∣man Race, except the Emperors themselves: 5 Miles from the Propontis, 30 East from Constantinople. In Long. 57. 30. Lat. 41. 49.

Bury Saint Edmonds, Villa Regia, Villa Fau∣stini, is a delicate sweet Town in the County of Suf∣folk, upon the River Lark, (as may seem by the Town of Larkford, a little more North) which falls into the great Ouse, between Ely and Little-Port-Edmund surnamed Ironside, one of the Saxon Kings, founded here a Church in the beginning of Christi∣anity, and called it the Royal Town; but after that Prince was brought hither from Hoxon in the same County, it was called St. Edmonds Bury. King Kanutus the Dane, to expiate the sin of his Father Swaine or Sueno, who murdered this Prince, built here a new Church and an Abby; and brought in the Black Friers, about 1020. to whom he gave the Town of Bury, and many noble Mannors thereabout; so that at the suppression it was valued at 2336 l. the year; a vast Revenue then. They governed the Town by a Seneschal or Steward; and when it was allowed to be a Corporation, the Alderman was not permitted to exercise any Authority till he had taken his Oath of Obedience to the Abbot. Afterwards Herveie the Sacrist, compassed the Town with a Wall, whereof there remain still some few Relicks; and Abbot New∣port Walled the Abby, and the Pope granted it great Immunities. Edward VI. founded here a Grammar School. Charles I. of Pious memory, Created Hen∣ry Jermin Baron of S. Edmonds Bury, Sept. 8. 1643. The delightfulness of its Situation, and the goodness of its Air, have ever procured it the residence of a great many of the Gentry, who living here inrich the Inhabitants, and support the Town, which would o∣therwise fall to decay. Henry II. overthrew Robert Earl of Leicester and his Flemings, (taking the Earl and his Wife prisoners), in a Battle not far from hence.

Busiris, an antient City in Egypt in the middle of the Delta, where was formerly a vast Temple consecrated to Isis, whose Festivals they observed with the greatest Solemnity.

Bussereth, Bostra, a City of Arabia the Stony, the Native place of Marcus Julius Philippus, Emperour of the Romans, and called from him Phi∣lippopolis. It is an Archbishops See, under the Patri∣arch of Jerusalem, being taken out of the Patri∣archat

of Antioch; and lies sixty Miles East from the Sea of Tiberias, in Long. 69. 45. Lat. 31. 30. Called in some Monies of the Emperor Severus, and his Mo∣ther Mamaea, Colonia Alexandrina; now under the Turks.

Butera, a Town in the Island of Sicily, with the Title of a Principality in the Province call'd Valle di Noto; about 4 Leagues from the Sea.

Butow, a small Town in Pomerania upon the Ri∣ver Stolp, towards the Frontiers of the Royal Prüssia. Under the Duke of Brandenburg.

Butrino, a place upon the Consines of Epirus, be∣longing to the Venetians. It was heretofore a consi∣derable City, and the Seat of a Bishop. Call'd by the Antients Buthrotum. The Turks ruin'd it about 120 years ago; and the Venetians have not yet restored it to it's pristine Dignity. It stands over against the Island of Corfou, upon a Gulph of its own Name: being many times written Butrinto, or Botrinto.

Button's Bay, the same with Hudson's Bay in the North of America.

Butua, a City of the Lower Aethiopia in Africa, under the Empire of Monotopia, the Head of a King∣dom of the same Name, towards the River Zambre.

Buyil Mancy, a River of Aethiopia.

Le Buys, a small Town in the Province of Dau∣phine in France, in the Country call'd the Baronies, upon the River Oveze and the Borders of Provence. Surpriz'd by the Huguenots in 1568.

Buzanich, Pausinus, a River of Dalmatia.

Buzenzais, a Town in the Dukedom of Berri in France, upon the River Indre, and the Borders of Touraine.

Bychow, Bychovia, a Town belonging to the Kingdom of Poland, in Lithuania, upon the Bo∣rysthenes, between Mohilow and Rohuczo, two Ci∣ties, ill handled by the Moscovites, some few Years since.

Byrsa, the Name of an antient Cittadel at Carthage in Africa, built by Queen Dido; which had upon the top of it a Temple dedicated to Aesculapius. In the Phaenician Language, introduc'd by Dido into A∣frica, it is written Botzra or Bosra, signifying a Tower: Whereof the Word Bursa, with the Fable of the Hide thereon grounded, was but a Grecian Corruption alluding to the little Morsels of Leather stamped for Money in antient times; with which she purchas'd the Ground for the Building of this Castle and the City of Carthage.

Byzacena, an antient City and Province of Africa within the Kingdom of Tunis. The City has some∣time been a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Carthage. In the Year 646. a Council of 42 Pre∣lates was assembled at it against the Monothelites; besides others of less Note, in 602. 541. and 522.