A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names of all the counties, provinces, remarkable cities, universities, ports, towns, mountains, seas, streights, fountains, and rivers of the whole world : their distances, longitudes, and latitudes : with a short historical account of the same, and their present state : to which is added an index of the ancient and Latin names : very necesary for the right understanding of all modern histories, and especially the divers accounts of the present transactions of Europe / begun by Edmund Bohun ... ; continued, corrected, and enlarged with great additions throughout, and particularly with whatever in the geographical part of the voluminous, Morey and Le Clerks occurs observable, by Mr. Bernard ; together with all the market-towns, corporations, and rivers, in England, wanting in both the former editions.

AA, a River of Transisselane, or Over-Issel, a Province of the Low Countries. It washeth the Walls of Steen∣wick and the Fort of Block∣zil, and then falls into the Zuyder-Sea. The Word Aa is an usual Name in Ger∣many for Rivers, especially of the lesser.

Aa, a River of Westphalia, falling into the Yssel, supposed by some to be the Velicer.

Aa, a small River in the Canton of Bern in Suit∣zerland, called by the Inhabitants des Arquebusades, from the virtue it has for curing Wounds made by Gun∣shot.

Aa, another River in the Territory of Bologne, called also Agnio and Euneno, disemboguing it self into the Sea at Graveline.

Aade, a small River of Brabant which runs not far from Boisleduc.

Aahuis, a small Town in the Bishoprick of Munster, situate on the River Aa, from whence it hath its Name.

Aar, Arola, the principal River in Suitzerland, it springs from S. Gothards Hill near the Head of the Rhosne, and being increased with many Rivers, falls into the Rhine at Waldshut, one of the Forest Towns. There are two other little Rivers in Germany thus called.

Aarbourg, or Aarberg, a pleasant little Town in Suitzerland, full of wealthy Tradesmen, tempted to fix their Habitations there by the Pleasantness of the Situation, and the frequent Marts there holden.

Aba, a Town in Arabia Felix, according to mo∣dern Geographers. § Also a Mountain in the Confines of the Greater Armenia, at the foot whereof arises the River Euphrates. § A Town in Phocis in Greece, which gave the Surname Abaeus to Apollo, who had a Temple there. Being burnt by Xerxes, the Inha∣bitants retired into the Isle of Negropont, formerly Euboea; from them at that time called Abantis.

Abacares, a People in the South of America up∣on the River Madera.

Abahius, Abahuis and Abanhi, different Names of the River Nile.

Abaimbe, Abaibe, Abibe; Abaibae, a Ridge of Mountains in Peru, in the Province of Carthagene near the Gulf of Ʋraba.

Abanbo, a River of Ethiopia, it falls into the Nile a little above Meroë, it is supposed to be Ptolo∣my's Astapus.

Abancay, a River rising in the Mountains of Andes in Peru, and after having washed a Town of the same Name with it self, falling into the River Maragnon in the Province of Lima.

Abano, in Latin Aponus, a Village in the Territo∣ries of Padua, supposed by some to be the Birth-Place of Titus Livius, antiently famous for its Baths.

Abantes, the Inhabitants of Aba. See Aba.

Abanwiwar, a County of the Upper Hungary up∣on the Tibiscus, the Capital of which is Caschaw; it is called by the Germans Abaviwar.

Abara or Abaraner, a City upon the River Alin∣geac in Armenia Major. The Arch-Bishop of Nas∣sivan frequently makes it his place of Residence.

Abaraus and Aboraas, a Town in Guinea, upon the River Volta, about twenty five Leagues from the Sea.

Abarim, a Ridge of Mountains in the Rocky Ara∣bia, of which Mount Nebo and Mount Pisgah, men∣tion'd in Scripture, are parts.

Abarimon, a Country in Scythia, at the foot of the Mountain Imaus.

Abasses or Abcasses, a People of Mount Caucasus, bordering on Mengrelia, well-shap'd and vigorous. They cherish Customs much differing from the People of other Countries.

Abbefort, a Town in Norwey with a good Port, in the Government of Aggerhuys, about 20 Leagues from Anslo, and 25 or 30 from Stafanger.

Abbeville, a City of the County of Ponthieu in Picardy, upon the River Somme; it is well fortified,

large and beautiful, and lies 34 Leagues from Paris to the North. It belonged heretofore to the Abby of S. Riquer, and from thence had its Name.

Abdera, an antient City of Thrace, famous, among other things, for the Madness of the Inhabitants. Of latter days it was call'd Clazomenae, then Polystile or Astrizze, and at this time Asperosa.

Abensperg, a little Town of Bavaria three German Miles from Ratisbon, and one from the Danube. It gave Birth and Surname to Joannes Aventinus a Learned Historian, who wrote Annals of his Country from the Flood to 1460. in Ten Books.

Aberconwey, in Latin Conovium, a Town in the County of Carnarvon in Wales seated on the River Conwey and the Irish Sea.

Aberdeen, in Latin Aberdenia and Devana, a Ci∣ty of Scotland, built upon the River Don, fifty Miles distant from S. Andrews to the North-East; Here is an Episcopal Chair brought thither in 1100. and an University founded in 1480. The Site thereof is of late times removed nearer the River Dee. It was yielded to the English without constraint, in 1651. Long. 18. 12. Lat. 57. 15.

Aberfraw, Gadiva, a Town in the Isle of Anglesey, the Royal Seat of eleven Kings of North-Wales, where∣of Amarawd the first began his Reign there, A. C. 877. and Llewellin the last of all the Brittish Kings was slain in Battel, Ann. Chr. 1282. Long. 15. 20. Lat. 53. 10.

Abergavenny, in Latin Gobannium, a Town in the County of Monmouth in Wales: It belonged to the Silures when the Romans conquered them; it is fortified with a Wall and Castle, and seated where the Ʋske and Gevenny meet. It was erected into a Baro∣ny, which in 1685. was possessed by George Nevil, Lord Abergavenny, first Baron of England.

Abernethy, a Town on the River Tay in Strathern in Scotland, anciently the Seat of the Kings of the Picts, and since a Bishops Sea, is now removed to S. Andrews, where we shall speak further of it.

Abia and Abiamu, a great River in Zagathay, coming into the Caspian-Sea on the East side; the Oxus of the Antients. The former Name denoting the upper part, and the latter the lower part thereof.

Abilene, a Territory of Judaea, so named from Abila the chief Town thereof, the Tetrarchate of Ly∣sanias, mentioned Luke iii. 1.

Abington, a Corporation in Barkshire, on the Thames, between Oxford and Wallingford, garison'd for the Parliament against Charles the First, in 1644. which proved a great Inconvenience to that Prince. It stands about 5 Miles South of Oxford. The Right Honorable James Bertie was created Earl of this place November 30. 1682. by Charles II.

Abissinia, see Aethiopia.

Abiz, Jatrus, Ischar, a small River of Bulgaria which falls into the Danube a little below Nicopolis.

Ablon, a little Town with a Castle, about 3 Leagues from Paris, where the Protestants were for some time allow'd the Exercise of their Religion, till they had a Church at Charenton.

Abo, the Capital City of Finland, under the Arch-Bishop of Ʋpsal, upon the River Aviaroki in South Finland, near the Shoars of the Baltick Sea, 25 Ger∣man Miles from Revel to the North-West, and 31 from Stockholme to the North-East. Longit. 45. Latit. 63. This City was well nigh burnt to the ground in 1678.

Abocharana, a Town in Arabia the Happy, situate on a high Mountain, the Passage to which is for seven Miles so strait, that not above two Men can go abrest. Here the Grand Seignior keeps his Treasure.

Aboras, or Chaborras, a River in Mesopotamia, sometimes call'd Giulap.

Aborigines, were the most antient People of La∣tium, the Seat of the first Original Romans; they are mentioned by Tacitus Annal. 11. as one of the first Nations in Italy which received Letters from Evander the Arcadian. They are supposed to have been the first People which entred Italy after the Flood. The Word is generally used to signifie the first Inhabitants of any Country, of whose Original no account can be given.

Aboy, a Market Town in East Meath, in the King∣dom of Ireland.

Abrener, a City of Armenia the Greater. See Abara.

Abreoios, otherwise Baxos de Babueca; certain Rocks near the Island of Hispaniola, so called by the Spaniards because of the great danger of them: their Name signifying Open your Eyes.

Abrolhos, a litte Isle with a Ridge of Rocks near the Shore of Brasil, for the same reason thus call'd by the Portuguese as those aforenam'd by the Spaniards.

Abruckbanya, Aurariarum, a Town in Transyl∣vania.

Abruzzo, called by the Romans Aprutium, is a Province of the Kingdom of Naples; it is bounded on the East with Apulia, now Puglia, on the West with Marca Anconitana, on the North with the Adria∣tick Sea, and on the South with the Apennine; it was anciently the Seat of the Piceni, and the Sam∣nites, which latter People by their Valor put the con∣quering Romans to the last refuge of chusing a Dicta∣tor four times, and afforded them the Honor of XXX. Triumphs. Their last was in 481. year of Rome, 270 years before our Saviours Birth: This is one of the greatest, richest, and best peopled parts of the King∣dom of Naples.

Absorus, an Island and City on the Coast of Illy∣riam, mentioned by Hyginus.

Abugana, a Province in the Realm of Angota, part of the Dominions of the Grand Negus.

Abuyo, one of the Philippine Islands in the East-Indies, between Luzonia and Mindanao; in this and the rest the Spaniards have Forts, and drive a great Trade with their American Territories.

Abutich, heretofore Abydus, a very eminent City of Egypt, 22 Miles from Ptolemais to the North; it stands upon the Nile. Here was the Palace of Mem∣non, and the Temple of Osiris, so much celebrated in the ancient Poetry, and Mythick History. Long. 61. 20. Lat. 26. 50.

Abydos, a Fortress in Asia opposite to Sestos in Europe on the Hellespont, both which are now called the Dardanelli; made famous by the Love of Hero and Leander, and by the vast Bridge here laid cross the Sea by Xerxes.

Abyla, a Mountain in Afric, answering to Calpe another Mountain in Spain on the European side of the Streight of Gibraltar; they are usually call'd Her∣cules Pillars, because they were the bounds of his Tra∣vels Westward. This is now call'd by the Mariners Apes-Hill, either corruptly from Abyla; or, as they say, from the multitude of Apes there to be seen.

Abyso, anciently Orinus, is a River of Sicily, which falls into the Sea between Syracusa and Pachynus, or Cape Passaro, the most Southern Promontory of that Island.

Aca, Acre, Acri, or Acon, a Sea-Port in Pheni∣cia, which was called by the Grecians and Romans Ptolemais, the latter fixed here a Colony: After the loss of Jerusalem, in the times of the Holy War it was the Capital of that Kingdom for some time, till being taken by the Moors it was intirely ruined, it lies 24 Miles South of Tyrus. Long. 66. 30. Lat. 33. 00. From this place the Knights of S. John of Jerusalem removed to Rhodes.

Acachuma, the Achuma of Ptolomy, a Town in

Ethiopia, which the Inhabitants take to have been the Residence of Maqueda Queen of Sheba.

Acada, Sangarius, a River of Bithynia.

Acadinus, a Fountain in Sicily, where they tried the verity of an Oath, by writing it on a Board, and throwing it into the Water, where if it sunk, it be∣token'd it to be false.

Acafran, otherwise Celef or Quinalaf, a River of Mauritania, now called Vetxilef.

Acamante or Acamas, a Promontory on the West side of the Isle of Cyprus, at this time known by the name of Crusocco, or Capo di S. Epifanio.

Acanes, two Cities of Guinea in Africa; one called the Greater, the other Acanes the Less.

Acanthus, the antient Name of several Towns and Cities at this time unknown, except one in Acarnania, now call'd Erisso according to Sophian, and another in Egypt now nam'd Bisalta.

Acapulco, a City of New Spain, in the Pacific Sea, or Mar del Zur, near 100 Leagues from Mexico, where they usually imbark for Peru and the Philippine Islands.

Acarnania, the antient Name of a Province of Epi∣rus, now by Niger said to be call'd Despotato, parted from Aetolia by the River Achelous and Mount Pin∣dus; heretofore remarkable for the Luxury of its In∣habitants, and the Excellency of the Horses there bred. § A Town also there was of this Name in Sicily, not far from Syracuse, mention'd by Tully to have been famous for a Temple there dedicated to Jupiter; which Temple was afterwards destroy'd by the Goths.

Acaxi, a City of Japan, 25 Leagues from Meaco the Capital City of that Kingdom.

Acaxulta, a considerable Port in New Spain on the Shore of Mar del Zur, about seven Leagues from S. Salvador, between New Leon and S. Jago de Gua∣timala.

Accadia, a Province on the North-East Coast of America, part of Nova Francia, seiz'd by the English, and by them called Nova Scotia; but return'd to the French upon the Treaty of Breda, 1667. § Also a little City in the farther Principate of the Kingdom of Naples.

Accadie, a Peninsula in New France.

Accara, The Name of two Towns in Guinea, the Greater and the Less, between the River Volta and Fort S. George de Mina.

Accaraig or Accarig, a Town in Peru, near the River Parana, called also the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin.

Accaron, Ekron, heretofore a famous City of the Philistins, now a poor Village, and called by the same Name.

Accettura, a little City in that part of Naples call'd the Basilicate.

Acci, Guadix, a City, Bishoprick and Colony of Spain, in the Kingdom of Granada, nine Leagues from Granada East. It lies at the Foot of the Mountains not far from the Head of the River Guadalentin; it was taken from the Moors, in 1489. The Bishop of it is under the Archbishop of Sevil.

Accia, a City and Bishoprick of the Island of Cor∣sica, now ruined, and the Bishoprick united with that of Mariana.

Acdeniz, the present Turkish name of the Egean Sea, or Archipelago.

Aceldama, a Field near the Valley of Tophet in Judaea, to the South of Mount Sion and of the Valley of Jehoshaphat, serving for a Burying-place for Stran∣gers and Pilgrims that die at Jerusalem. This Name signifying a Field of Blood, was given it instead of that of The Potters Field, because it was bought with the thirty Pieces of Silver, which were the price of Judas his betraying our Saviour.

Acellaro, by some call'd Abisso and Atellari, the Elorus of the Antients, a River in Sicily, falling into the Sea near the Ruines of the old City Elorus.

Acerenza, or Cirenza, anciently known by the name of Acherontia, a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the County called the Basilicate, which is a part of Cala∣bria; this City lies upon the River Bradanum at the foot of the Apennine, it was formerly an Archbishop∣rick, but the City being in a declining state, the See is united to that of Mateola.

Acerno or Acierno, a little City in the Citerior Principality of the Realm of Naples, 15 Miles from Salern to the East.

L'Acerra, a City and Bishoprick of the Kingdom of Naples, under the Archbishop of Naples, and but 8 Miles distant from the Capital City: it lies in Terra di Lavoro in the Road to Benevento.

Acesine, a River in Sicily, having its rise on the North of Mount Aetna, said to be now called Cantara and Alcantara. § Also the antient Name of a consi∣derable River in Asia, which falls into the Indus, fa∣mous for the large Canes growing on its Banks. § Another there is so nam'd in the Taurica Cherso∣nesus or Przecop.

Acha, Achza, a River of Bavaria, it flows through the Lake of Chiemeze, and falls into the Ri∣ver Inns, which last River falls into the Danube at Passaw.

Achacica, Achachica, Achiacica, a Town of New Spain, where there are several Mines of Silver; it lies 18 Leagues North from S. Angelo.

Achaia, is taken in a twofold signification, either denoting the whole Country of Hellas or Greece; still enjoying the same Appellation, as well as that of Li∣vadia, by which Name also it is now call'd. It con∣tain'd the Provinces of Boeotia, Attica, Doris, Pho∣cis, &c. being bounded on the East by the Aegean Sea or Archipelago, on the South by the Gulfs of Saro∣nique and Corinth with the Isthmus, on the West by Epirus, and on the North by Thessaly: Remark∣able for the great Confederacy made by the Cities here∣of against the Romans. § Or else it denotes a little Region in the Peloponnesus called Achaia propria, be∣tween Sicyon and Elis. § It was also the Name of a City in Crete, and of another in Rhodes, and of a Fountain in M••ssenia.

Acham, a Province of Africa, on the Coast of Zanguebar, in the possession of the Arabians, bor∣der'd on the South by a Country inhabited by Negros and Heathens.

Achamba, See Ceylan.

Achasse, a River in East-France in the Territory of Vivarez, rising in the Hills near Viviers, and having Teil on the left, soon after falling into the Rhosne.

Achatbaluc or Achbaluo, by some Achbaluc-Man∣gi, or White Town, a little City in the Province of Tainfeu in Cathay, giving its Name to the adjacent Territory.

Achates, the old Name of a River in Sicily, now call'd Drillo.

Achbaluck, a City of the Asiatick Tartary, in the Province of Tainfeu, not far from Cambalu, and built upon a Lake. The same with Achatbaluc.

Achelo, Anchialus, called by the Turks Keuchis, a City of Thrace, upon the Euxine Sea, mentioned by Orpheus and Ovid, 24 Miles from Develto.

Achelous, a famous River among the Poets and fabulous Writers. It rises in Mount Pindus, and di∣viding Aetolia from Acarnania, falls into the Ionian Sea. It has at several times had the Names Geromlea, Catochi, Aspropotame, Aspri, and now is call'd Pa∣chicolamo.

Achem, a very large City, the Capital of a King∣dom

of the same Name in the North part of Sumatra, in the East-Indies. The King of this City is in league with the Dutch, who export from hence many rich Commodities, and much Pepper.

Acheron, a River in Epirus, rising in the Marsh Acherusia, and having receiv'd several lesser Rivers in its passage falling into the Sinus Ambracius in the Adriatic Sea. Now called Velichi and Verlichi. § Another River in Calabria, now nam'd Bassento, Sanuto, or Campagnano according to several Authors.

Acherusia, the name of several Loughs or Marshes; one in Epirus aforenam'd. § Another in Aegypt▪ whereinto the Inhabitants were wont to put the dead Corps of their Friends in order to be transported to the contrary shore by a Ferryman there plying, in the language of the place call'd Charon. Hence many Fables. § Another in Campania, between Capua and Baiae, now nam'd Lago di Colluccia.

Achillea, otherwise Achillis cursus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a Peninsula near the Mouth of the River Bo∣rysthenes. Now call'd Cacearia according to some.

Achlar, Araxis, a famed River of Armenia Ma∣jor, it is called in the latter Maps Arais, by others Caiacz, by the Persians Arass: Its ancient Name is fetched from the violence of its Stream. The Foun∣tains of this River are within 16 Miles of the Foun∣tains of the Euphrates. And it divides Armenia from Media Atropatia, and falls into the Caspian Sea. Bus∣bequius saith, that in his time (viz. 1545.) this River was the bound between the Persian and the Turkish Empires, as I believe it is still. There is another of the same name in Mesopotamia, which falls into Eu∣phrates below Thapsacum.

Achonry, a decaying City in the Province of Con∣naught in the Kingdom of Ireland in the County of Letrim; it is an Episcopal Sea under the Archbishop of Tuam; the City is sinking every day more into ruin.

Achrida, Achris, Achridius, Adirida, by the Turks called Giustandil, Justinian the Emperor being born here, rebuilt it, and called it Justiniana, and made it the Metropolis of Macedonia, in which it stands, and of Bulgaria; it is still a strong and populous City go∣verned by a Sangiack, it is situated near the Lake of Lychnidum. It has been in the Turks hands 200 years.

Achterwaldt, Silva Arduenna, a famous Wood, that heretofore extended very near the whole breadth of Germany.

Achyr, a City of Poland in the Palatinate of Kiovia, upon the River Vorsklo towards the borders of Moscovia: It has a Castle and is well fortified; some few years since it has been in the hands of the Moscovites. It stands 25 Polonian Miles beyond the Borysthenes.

Ac••aponda, a Town of the East-Indies, in the confines of the Bay of Bengala, and of the Kingdom of Pegu: it has a Harbor belonging to it.

Acierno, a small Episcopal City in the Citerior Principate, under the Archbishop of Salerno, from whence it is distant 25 Miles to the South-East.

Acojo••lu, Armenia Minor.

Acqs, commonly Dax, Aquae Augustae, called heretofore Tasta also, is an Episcopal City of Gas∣coigne, under the Archbishop of Euse, in Aquitain in France; upon the River Dour, or Adour, which falls into the Aquitain Sea at Bajonne. This City has Baths in it, and is distant about five Miles from the Ocean, and about ten from Bajonne to the South-East.

Acquapendente, a City in S. Peter's Patrimony, seated on a rising ground by the River Pelia; aboun∣ding in Waters, from whence it has its name. It was made a Bishops See by Pope Innocent X, in 1650. in∣stead of Castro a ruined City; 40 Miles distant from Senis.

Acqui, Aquae Statiellae, a City of Liguria, in the Dukedom of Montferrat, under the Dominion of the Duke of Mantua; and a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop of Milan: it lies upon the River Bormia to∣wards the Apennine, about 16 Miles from Asta, to the North East. Here are several hot Baths, to which there is great resort of People. This City suffered much damage in the last Italian Wars.

Acsa, a Lake in Bithynia, and a River of the same name.

Acsar, Acserai, Ain-zarba, Anazarbus, A City of Cilicia, heretofore an Archbishops See under the Pa∣triarch of Antioch; now ruined by the Turks: it is 18 Miles distant from Flaviada towards the East, up∣on the River Pyramus. Long. 64. 20. Lat. 38. 50. Dioscorides was born here, a famous Physician in Nero's times; who wrote several things which are still extant.

Actium, a most celebrated Promontory with a City of the same name in Epirus. It was here that Augu∣stus overthrew Marc Anthony and Cleopatra in the year of Rome 722 or 23, about 30 years before the coming of our Saviour. Apollo had a magnificent Temple dedicated to him, and Games every five years were celebrated in his honour in this City▪ after the manner of the Olympicks. Strabo gives us a particu∣lar description of all that Augustus did to it, to eter∣nalize the memory of his Victory. He reedified the Temple of Apollo, revived the Games, and called the City Nicopolis to carry the remembrance of his Vi∣ctory in its very name. The Promontory is now call'd, Trigalo. See Trigalo.

Aczud, Aczudia, a small Town in Moldavia up∣on the River Missovo above Breslaw.

Adamah or Admah, mention'd Gen. ••0. 19. One of the Cities of the Plain that God destroy'd by fire from Heaven with Sodom and Gomorrha.

Adavoi, a People of Guinea in Africa.

Adda, Addua, a River that parts the Dukedom of Milan from the State of Venice, it ariseth in the Alpes, and falls into the Po, 6 Miles above Cremona towards Placentia, also the name of a Country in the Milanese betwixt this River and Serio; memorable for the Victory obtained by Lewis XII. of France over the Venetians May. 14. 1509.

Adea, a Kingdom of Aethiopia in Africa, exten∣ded upon the Eastern Ocean at the entrance of the Red Sea: It was once under the Kings of Aethiopia, but has now a King who doth not depend upon them. Magadoxo, the Capital of this Kingdom and a Sea-Port, is become a separate Kingdom also; it lies in three degrees of Northern Latitude.

Adegele, Chrysorrhoas, a River of Damascus, in Scripture called Pharpar: it flows through Damascus and its fields, where it is lost and never reacheth the Sea: its Fountains are in Libanus. This is one of the Rivers mentioned by Naaman the Syrian, 2 King. 5. as better than all the Waters of Israel.

Adel, a small Kingdom in Africa at the mouth of the Red Sea, heretofore called Azania; with a City and a River of the same name.

Adelsperg, Postonia, Pistonia, a Town in Cro∣atia.

Aden, a very strong Town in Arabia Foelix, at the Foot of the Mountains not far from the Mouth of the Red Sea. It has a very large Sea-Port, and is also the head of a Kingdom of the same name. The Turks in 1538. took this Town and hang'd up their King, but not long after the Inhabitants revolted and put themselves under the Protection of the King of Mocha, and expelled the Turks again. This Country was known to the Romans by the name of Adana, who had here a great Trade. § Also a Mountain in the King∣dom of Fez, remarkable for Mines of Silver. § There

is a City of the same name in Cilicia, which is an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Antioch, upon the River Malmistra or Piramus, and often mention'd by the antient Geographers.

Ader, or Eder, a Tower within a Mile of Bethle∣hem, said to be built by the Patriarch Jacob and that here the Shepherds were advertised by Angels of the Birth of our Saviour.

Aderborn, a small Town in Pomerania upon the Oder, a little above Stetin, belonging to the Swedes.

Aderburg, a small Town in the Electorate of Brandenbourg upon the Oder.

Adiabene, a Province of the antient Assyria which for some time was itself a Kingdom; now called Bo∣lan, or according to others Mesere and Sarca. Its two Rivers, Adiabas and Diabas, are mention'd by A. Marcellinus.

Admirati, a River of Sicily. Whether this or Ba∣jaria be the Eleutherus of the Antients is a dispute amongst Geographers.

Adon, a small River of Bretagne in France, which falls into the Vilaine.

Adonis, a River of Phaenicia in Syria, arising near to Mount Libanus and dividing the Kingdom and Patriarchate of Jerusalem from Tripoli and the Patri∣archate of Antioch, falls into the Mediterranean near Gibel.

Adour, a River of Aquitain, vide Dour.

Adra, a small Sea-Coast Town in the Kingdom of Granada in Spain, with a Port and a strong Castle: it stands upon the Mediterranean Sea, 9 Leagues to the West of Almeria, which has robb'd it of the Bishops Sea, heretofore belonging to it.

Adran, Adranon, a Town in Sicily, of old famous for an Idol Temple of the name.

Adraon, Adraton, a City and sometime a Bishops See in Arabia, mention'd corruptly by the name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in the 16th. Session of the Council of Chalcedon.

Adraste, a Territory, and an ancient City in Mysia, famous heretofore for a Temple dedicated to Nemesis.

Adria, Atri, Hadria, a City, and an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Ravenna, in the Pole∣sine, in the States of Venice; little inhabited. Some believe the Adriatique Ocean, which we now call the Gulph of Venice, derived its Name from hence.

Adrianople, Ʋscudama, Oresta, is a City in the midst of Thrace, taken by Bajazet in 1362. after which it became the Seat of their Empire till the take∣ing of Constantinople, An. 1403. This City was re∣built by Hadrian the Roman Emperor, from whom it has its Name, but is now called by the Turks End∣rem, by the French Adrianople. It is an Archbishops See, under the Patriarch of Constantinople, and is di∣stant from it 150 Miles West, being seated upon the River Mariza, (Hebrus.) The late deposed Emperor of the Turks for the most part resided in it; he hating Constantinople, and loving Hunting.

Adrinza, the present Name of Assyria, once the Mistris of the World.

Adrobe, a River of that part of the Asian Tartary, which is subject to the Moscovites: it falls into the Wolga beneath Cazan.

Adrumete, the same with Mahometa.

Adula, the Name of a part of the Alpes from S. Gothard.

Aduliten, Adulis, an antient City in Africa upon the red Sea, now called Ercoco.

Adyrmachides, an antient People of Libya towards Egypt. Their Daughters, newly married, were pre∣sented to their King, who had a right to use or refuse them.

Aethiopia, is about one half of Africa: it is di∣vided into two parts, the Upper and the Lower. The Upper is bounded on the North by Egypt and Libya, on the West by the Lower Aethiopia, as also on the South; on the East it is bounded by the Red Sea, and the Arabian and Barbarian Bays: it contains Nu∣bia, Abissinia, the Kingdoms of Muaci, Macoci, and Zanguebar, &c.

The Lower Aethiopia is bounded on the North by Libya, on the East by the Upper Aethiopia, on the West and South by the Aethiopian Ocean: It contains the Kingdoms of Monomotapa and Monemugi, the Western Aethiopians, which are divided into the King∣doms of Congi, Loangi, and Angola, &c. This more Southern Part of Africa, which was little known to the Ancients, was found out by the Portugals.

Aferat, The present Name of Euphrates, one of the most celebrated Rivers in the World: called by the Arabians Frat; it springeth from the Mountains of Armenia Major, and running to the West receives the Harpage and Arsametes; then it bends to the South, and divides the greater Armenia from the lesser. Then it washeth Mesopotamia on the West and South, and divides it from Syria, and Arabia Deserta; and at Cresiphon, it runs into the Tigris, with which it falls into the Persian Gulph beneath Teredon and Balsera.

Afra, a strong Castle upon the Frontiers of Zaa∣ra in Africa, and stands divided into Egypt, Barbary, Biledulgerid or Numidia, Zaara or Libya, Nigritia and Aethiopia.

AFRICA, one of the four principal Parts of the Earth, so called by the Grecians, because it seldom feels any Cold: it is bounded on the North by the Mediterranean Sea, on the West and South by the Ocean, on the East by the Arabian Gulph and the Red Sea, being only joyned to Asia by a Neck of Land. It was anciently known no farther South than to the Mountains of the Moon, till the Portugueses of late discovered the Southern Parts. The inland parts of it are generally barren, and almost Desert by reason of the Sands, and venomous Creatures, and want of Wa∣ter: it is almost twice as big as Europe.

Afrique, Africa, the Aphrodisium of the Antients, a Town and Port in Barbary in the Kingdom of Tunis, 20 Leagues from Mahometa. Charles V. took it from the King of Morocco, and demolish'd it.

Aga or Agag, a Kingdom with a City of the same Name in the Upper Aethiopia.

Agades, a Kingdom with a City of the Name in Nigritia in Africa; tributary to the King of Tombut.

Agan or Pagan, an Islet in the Eastern Ocean, be∣twixt Chomocoan and Guagan; where the famous Por∣tegueze, Magellan, was assassinated as he was going in search of the Moluccaes.

Aganara or Aganagare, a City on this side the Ganges in the East-Indies, remembred by Ptolomy.

Aganippe, a Fountain in Boeotia in Greece, cele∣brated by the antient Poets.

Agaosi, a People in the Kingdom of Bagamedri in the Upper Aethiopia.

The Agarens or Hagarens, a People of Arabia Foelix, descended from Agar and Ismael, who went to war with the Tribes of Ruben, Gad, and Manasse, in the time of Saul. Their capital City is called after their own Name Agarena or Agranum. When they revolted from the Roman Empire under Trajan, that Emperor attempted the Reduction of them without success: and since Mahomet was born amongst them, they have been of his Religion.

Agarus, Sagaris, a River of the European Sar∣matia, which falls into the Danube in Moldavia, now call'd Stiret, according to Ortelius.

Agathyrse, Agatyrium, Agathyrna, an antient Ci∣ty and Promontory in Sicily. The Promontory is the same with that they now call Cape d'Orlando.

Agathyrses, an antient People of Scythia, ap∣plauded by Historians for their Hospitality to one another.

Agde, a City in Languedoc in France, the Bishop of which is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Narbone: It is a fine and well built place; seated at the mouth of the River Eraud, which there falls into the Mediter∣ranean Sea.

Agdus, a famous Rock upon the Frontiers of Phrygia in Asia Minor.

Agen, a City and Bishoprick in Guienne in France, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux, and the Capital of the County of Agennois, which gives the Title of an Earl. It stands upon the Garonne, where it receives on the opposite side the River L'Egers. It is large, beautiful, and one of the best Cities of Aquitain, be∣ing also the Birth-place of Joseph Scaliger; about 15 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North-East.

Aggerhuis, a Province of Norway, so called from a Castle in it. It is bounded on the East with the King∣dom of Sweden, on the South with the Sound, on the West with the County of Bergen, and on the North with that of Drontheim, from which last it is sepa∣rated by the Mountain Sevone. It reacheth in length from the North to the South 240 Miles. The chief Cities of it are Ansloga, Fredericstad, Saltzbeg, and Ton••b••g: The whole of it is under the King of Den∣mark.

Agion Oros, Athos, a Mountain in Macedonia, in the Province of Jamboli, call'd by the Italians il Monte Santo, by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Holy Mount. It runs into the Aegean Sea, like a Peninsu∣la; it is joyned to the Continent by a Neck of Land, of an Italian Mile and half, which Herodotus saith, was cut through by Xerxes. It is 90 Miles in com∣pass, called by the Turks Scididag and Monastir, by reason of the vast numbers of Monasteries in it, being about 24 Cloisters of Caloirs, or Greek Monks, the chief of which are Garopedos, and Agias Laura, in which two are 600 Monks, in all 5000. Most of these Monasteries are fortified to secure them from Pirats. From hence the Patriarch of Constantinople fetches most of the Bishops he needs for his Patriarchate, it be∣ing now the School or University of all Greece, the Monks are all of the Order of S. Basil. This Moun∣tain lies between the Bay of Strymon on the North, and that of Singo to the South.

Agira, Agurium, Argirium, and Agnina Ʋrbs, is a City in Sicily near Mount Aetna. The Birth∣place of Diodorus Siculus, now called San Philippo d'Argirone.

Aglie, a celebrated Castle in the Province of Cana∣vois in Savoy, which gives a Name to one of the most illustrious Houses in that Country.

Agmet, the Emere of Ptolomy, an antient City in the Province of Marocco, sometime the Seat of that Empire, and very populous and strong, before Ma∣rocco was built.

Agmundesham, a Corporation seated upon a small River which falls into the Isis, a little above Ʋxbridge, in the County of Bucks. It sends two Burgesses to our Parliament, and is not otherwise remarkable to my knowledge. It stands 9 Miles from Ʋxbridge to the North-West, and about 8 from Maidenhead to the North-East.

Agnabet or Agnetlin, one of the principal Towns of Transylvania, seated upon the River Harbach, which falls into the Alt. In this place Q. Isabella as∣sembled a Diet for the preservation of her Son, which Martinsius dissolved, and began a War upon his Ma∣ster, which ended in both their ruins.

Agno, Clanus, a River of Campania in Italy, call'd afterwards Liris: it riseth in Mount Tiphate, and flowing West between Avella and Nola, entereth Terra di Lavoro, makes the Lake of Linterna, and at last ends in the Sea of Tuscany between the Ruins of Cuma and the Mouth of the River Voltorno.

Agnone, a Town in the Province of Abruzzo in Italy, understood by some to be the antient Aquilonia.

Agobel, a City in the Kingdom of Tremissen in Bar∣bary, understood by some to be the Victoria of Pto∣lomy. Also another in the Province of Hea in the Kingdom of Marocco.

Agol, a City in the Upper Aethiopia towards the Mountain Amara.

Agore, Agorum, a small City upon the River Cor∣devol in the Dominions of the Republick of Venice.

Agouges or D'Agouges, a small River of Auvergne in France, which falls into the Allier a little above San Porzain.

Agouste, Augusta, a City in Sicily, built by Fre∣derick the Emperor in 1229▪ upon a Peninsula, which in the last Age was turned into a little Isle with a Bridge to communicate betwixt it and the Continent. It has a very large Haven defended by 3 Cittadels to the Sea. Taken by the French in 1675. and abandon'd by them in 1678.

Agout, Acutus, a small River in Languedoc in France, washing the two Cities of Castres and La∣vaur, it falls into the River Tarne.

Agra or Agara, a new City seated in a Province of the same Name in India beyond Ganges: It is the Capital of the Moguls Empire, and his residence; a rich and beautiful City, built by Ekebar, one of his Predecessors, in the last Age upon the River Gemini. It is of a vast circuit, and adorned with a stately Pa∣lace; on the other side of the River lies another Ci∣ty called Serandra, which is well built, and but a kind of Suburb to Agra.

Agragas. See Gergenti.

Agramont, Agramontium, a Town in Catalonia, in the Plain of Ʋrgel, between Solsona and Lerida.

Agreable, an Island in the Kingdom of Fez, form'd by the River Lisse.

Agreda, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in the South America, belonging to the Spaniards. Also a Town in Arragon upon the River Queiles, which some understand to be the Grachuris, others the Augustobriga of the Antients.

Agri or Acri, a River in the Basilicata in the Kingdom of Naples. It arises at the Apennines, and passes by Marsico to the Gulph of Tarentum.

Agria, called by the Germans Erlaw, is a little but very strong City of the Upper Hungary, upon a River of the same Name, which falls into the Tibis∣cus 12 Miles beneath it. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gran. This Town was taken by the Turks, An. 1596. But after a long Blockade surrendred to the Christians in 1687. It is 17 Miles distant from Buda to the North-East, in the Confines of Austria.

Agrimonte, Grumentum, an antient City, and a Bishops See in the Basilicata in Naples. The latter has been since united to that of Marsico.

Agriophag••s, an antient People towards the West of Aethiopia, who lived, says Solinus, altogether up∣on the Flesh of Panthers and Lions.

Agropoli, Acropolis, a Town in the hither Prin∣cipate in the Kingdom of Naples.

Agualua, and Agua de Moura, two Rivers in Por∣tugal which fall into the Cadaon in Estremadura.

Agueda, a Town in Portugal, built upon the Ruines of the antient Aeminium. It takes this Name from a River which passes by it.

Aguer, at City at the foot of Mount Atlas in Africa. Taken by the Portugueze in 1536. and since retaken by an Army of 50000 Moors.

Aguila, a City in the Province of Habat in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the River D'Erguile.

Aguilard, Agilaria, a pretty considerable Town in old Castile about 14 Leagues from Burgos.

Agulha, Acus, an Island in the Aethiopian Ocean, 300 Miles from Madagascar to the North.

Ahausen, Ahuis, Ahusa, a small City in Schonen upon the Baltick Sea, to which it has a very com∣modious Port: four Leagues from Christianstad. Under the Swedes.

Aia, Allia, a small River in Italy, which falls into the Tiber near Monte Rotundo in the States of the Church. The Gauls under Brennus defeated the Ro∣mans upon the Banks of it.

Ajaluni, a City of Caria upon the Borders of Ly∣dia.

Ajan, or the Coast of Ayan, a Country in Aethio∣pia, which lies along the Coast of the Sea of Zangue∣bar, from Magadoxo to the Cape Guardafuy. It con∣tains the Kingdoms of Adea, Adel, &c.

Ajas, a City of Arabia Foelix, two days journey from Aderi. Thevet calls it Hegias, and makes a Kingdom of it.

Ajazzo, Ajaccio, Adjacium, Ʋrcinum, an Episco∣pal City of Corsica, under the Archbishop of Pisa; on the Western Shoar; it has a strong Castle and a large Haven, and is a neat and beautiful City, flourishing now under the Dominion of the Republick of Ge∣noua; the greatest part of it is surrounded by the Sea, and it lies at the foot of the Mountains not above a Mile from the Old Adjacium.

Aichstadt, Aureatum, as appears by an old In∣scription found there; a City upon the River Altmul, which falls into the Danube between Ingolstad and Ratisbon; it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mogunce: It lies in the Confines of Bavaria, and the Dukedom of Schwaben, and is under the Civil Juris∣diction of its Bishop; two miles distant from Neu∣burg towards the North, eleven from Ratisbon to the West. There is some Controversie amongst learned Men about the old Name of this City.

Aidinelli, Caria, a Province of the Lesser Asia; it lies right over against Rhodes, and has had several fine Cities in it, but they are all ruined by the Turks, who have been a long time Masters of this poor Pro∣vince.

Aidos, Abydus, a City of the Lesser Asia, upon the Bosphorus; distant about a Mile and three quarters from Sesto, on the Thracian Shoar; heretofore a Suf∣fragan See, under the Archbishop of Cyzicum, from whence it is distant 21 Miles to the South; but now the Bishop of it is made a Metropolitan. It has a strong Castle, well fortified by Mahomet II. after he had ta∣ken Constantinople; and it is one of the Dardanels, which has ever in it a good Turkish Garison to defend the Passage, and secure Constantinople.

Aiducal, ATLAS, the greatest Mountain in all Africa; it begins in Mauritania, near the Atlantick Ocean, to which it gives Name; by Cap de Guer, and by various windings, it extends it self Eastward as far as the Deserts of Barca; raising it self out of barren Sands, it hides its towring Head in the Clouds; and has variety of Names. The great height of it was the cause the Antiens feign'd Atlas, (whom they make a King) bore the weight of Heaven on his Shoulders. There is another Mountain call'd Atlas Minor, now Errif, which parts the Kingdom of Fez from that of Morocco.

Ajc••lo, a Dutchy in the Province of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, belonging to the Prince of Massa.

L'Aigle, Aquila, a small City in Normandy upon the River Rille, which gives the Title of a Baron.

Aigueperse, the capital City of the Dutchy of Mont∣pensier in France, near whereunto the antient Castle of Montpensier stood, till it was demolished in 1634.

Aigues Caldes, Aquae Calid••, a City with natural Baths in it, in Gallicia in Spain. It is a Bishops See un∣der the Archbishop of Compostel, upon the River Minio.

Aigues-Mortes, a City in the lower Languedoc, upon an Arm of the Rhosne and near the Sea. The Seat of the Excises upon Salt.

Aiguilles, or Capo de Agulhas, a Promontory of Africa to the Cape of Good Hope.

Aiguillon or Eiguillon, a City with the Title of a Dutchy in the County of Agennois in France, upon the Confluence of the Le and the Garonne, between Agen and Nerac. It once susteined a Siege of fourteen Months against John Duke of Normandy.

Ailesbury, a fair Market-Town, well peopled, and built upon the rising of a Hill, by the Bank of Tame, in the middle of the County of Buckingham. Taken by Cuthwulf the Saxon, from the Britains, Anno 572. Famous heretofore for S. Edith here born. The Honourable Robert Bruce, was created Earl of this place, on March 8. 1684. It is a Cor∣poration, and sends Burgesses to the Parliament.

Ailly, a Seigniory in Picardy, whence one of the noblest and antientest Families of that Province, the D'Aillyes, receive their Name.

Ailzall, an Islet, or rather a Shelf upon the Coast of Scotland towards Galloway.

Ainaon, Ahinaon, an Island to the Southern Coast of China. Its capital City bears the same Name.

Aindre, once an Island 3 Leagues below Nantes in Brittany, at the falling of the Loyre into the Sea. It had a Monastery in it built by S. Hermeland; but both that and the Island have since been swallowed up by the Waters.

Ains, Ens, Indus, Indis, Danus, and Idanus, a River of France which rises in the Valley of Meige in Burgundy, and passes to the Rhosne by Chateau-Vilain, Constances, &c.

Ainza, a small City in Arragon upon the River Cinga, and the Capital of the Tract of Sobarbe, which has sometime born the Title of a Kingdom.

Ainzia, a Tract in the County of Buchan in Scot∣land.

Aire, Aturum, the chief Town of Gascoine, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Aux; it stands upon the River Adour, in the Borders of the County of Armagnac, four Aquitane Leagues above S. Sever, and sixteen from Bajonne.

Aire, Aria, called by the Flandrians, Arien; by the Spaniards, Ere: it is a strong City in Artois, seat∣ed in a Marsh upon the River Leye, which falls into the Scheld at Gaunt; taken by the French in 1641. and presently recovered by the Spaniards; but it was retaken ••; the French in 1676. and is now in their possession by the Treaty of Nimeguen. It is 12 Leagues from Bologn to the East.

Aire, Aeria, by the Scotch Ayr, is a small City and Sheriffdom in Scotland, upon Dunbritain-Frith, on the West of that Kingdom: it stands 22 Scotch Miles from Donbritoun, South-West.

Airu, a River of Scotland, which springs from the Mountains of Mar, and unites with the Spei in Bu∣chan. The City Aire stands upon it.

Airy, Airiacum, a Village in Burgundy in Au∣xerrois near Clamecy. Here was a National Council held in 1020. under Pope Benedict VIII.

Aisa••ce, a small River in Normandy which joyns the Colsnon below d'Autrain.

Aisne, Axona, a River of France, riseth in the Dukedom of Barois; and flowing through the Pro∣vinces of Champagne, and the Territory of Argonne, and that of Soissons, cuts the City of Soissons in two parts; and at last ends in the River Oise, a little East of Compeigne in the Isle of France.

Aix, Aquae Sextiae, a City of Provence in France.

It was a Roman Colony, and is now an Archbishops See, and the Seat of the Parliament of that Province: a fair growing Town, seated in a large Plain, upon a small Rivolet, about 15 Leagues from Arles, and 13 from Avignon to the East.

Aix, in Savoy, an antient City at the foot of the Mountains, between Chambery, Annecy, and Rumilly, giving the Title of a Marquess. It is famous for Mine∣ral Waters.

Aix la Chapelle, Aquisgranum, called by the Germans Aa••b, by the Dutch Aken, by the French Aix, by the Italians Aquisgrana; it is an Imperial free City of Germany, in the Circle of Westphalia, within the Borders of the Dukedom of Juliers, un∣der which Prince it now is. Charles the Great of France died here Jan. 24. 814. and here he was bu∣ried; having been the Restorer of this City after At∣tila the King of the Huns had ruin'd it. It was al∣most intirely ruin'd by Fire again in 1656. but is now rebuilding. In 1658. there was a famous Peace made here between the present Kings of France and Spain. Divers Councils have been held here. This City stands 8 German Miles from Cologn, 7 from Liege, in a low place, almost incircled with Hills.

Aizu, a Province of Japan, with a Town of the same Name, which is one of the best in the Country.

Akerhuys, a Sea-port Town in the County of Ag∣gerhuys, not above 15 Miles from Christianstadt in Norway.

Akerman, Alba, a City of Moldavia.

Akersondt, an Island belonging to Norway, in the German Ocean, over against the Cape of Shagen.

Akertewe, a City in the Isle of Maragnan on the Coast of Brasil.

Akill, Achill, Achillia, a small Island on the Coast of Connaught in Ireland, over against the County of Mayo.

Akroczim, a City in the Palatinate of Mazovia in Poland, fortifyed with a Castle.

Aksteede. Acsteda, a small City upon the River Lun in the Dutchy of Bremen in Saxony, under the Swedes.

Akza, a River of Georgia, in Asia.

Al, a River of Prussia, believed by some to be the Guttalus of Pliny.

Alahanda. See Eblaba.

Alacranes, Islands infested with Scorpions, in the New America, 20 Leagues from Jucutan.

Aladuli, the Turkish Name of Armenia major.

Alagon, a River of Spain, in the Province of Estremadura, and Kingdom of Leon: it falls into the Taio, a little above Alcantara, as Rodericus Syl∣va saith.

Alaine, a small River in the Province of Nivernois in France.

Alais, Alesia, a City of Languedoc, upon the Ri∣ver Guerdon, at the foot of the Mountain Cevennes, 10 Leagues from S. Esprit to the East.

Alalcomene, Alalcomenium, an antient City of Boeotia, famous for a Statue of Minerva, and the Tomb of Tiresias. Afterwards call'd Ithaca, says Plutarch, and the Birth-place of Vlysses.

Alan, a small River in Cornwal in England; it falls into the Irish Sea at Padstow: at the Head of it is a small Village called Camelford, where King Ar∣thur is reported to have been slain in Battel. Padstow lies about 17 Miles West from Launceston.

Aland, an Island of the Baltick Sea, at the en∣trance of the Botner Sea, under the Dominion of the King of Sweden.

Alar, a River of Persia in Hyrcania, falling into the Caspian Sea.

Alarcan, Illarco, a Town in New Castile in Spain.

Alares, an antient People of Pannonia. Tacit.

Alasch••hir, Hipsius, Ʋpsu, an antient City of Phrygia, and sometime the See of a Suffragan Bishop.

Alatri, Alatrium, Alatrinum, a City of Campa∣nia in Italy, and a Bishops See, dependent immediately on the Pope. Mentioned by the Antients.

Alava, a small Territory in Biscay in Spain.

Alba, or Albe, Alba Pompeia, a City of Monfer∣rat, upon the River Tangro; it is an Episcopal See. under the Archbishop of Millan; heretofore subject to the Duke of Mantua, but taken from him in 1631. by a Treaty of Peace, and ever since under the Duke of Savoy. This City of latter times having suffered great changes, is reduced into a consumptive State for want of Inhabitants. It is distant from Aste 12 Miles to the South.

Albana, a City of Albania in Asia, with a Port to the Caspian Sea.

Albania, an antient Province upon the Caspian Sea in Asia, Westward; now call'd Zuirie, under the Turks. § Also a Province of Turkey in Europe, which was antiently the Western part of Macedonia, and part of Illyrium, upon the Adriatique Ocean; reduced under the Dominion of the Turks by Maho∣met 2. Its chief Cities are Croia, Durazzo, &c. The Inhabitants for the most part are Christians of the Greek Church.

Albany, Albania, call'd in Scotland Braid-Albin, is a Dukedom in the highest part of Scotland, as the Name imports; the Seat of the Old Scots, upon the declining Western part of Mount Grampus, next Lorn and Argile. Charles I. in his Infancy at two years of age, was created Duke of Albany. This Title was also conferred on the Lord Darnly, his Grandfather; and given by Charles I. to his Second Son, afterwards James II.

Albano, Alba Longa, the Mother of Rome, from which it lies about 12 Miles. It has been ruin'd ma∣ny Ages. It stood betwixt a Lake and a Mountain of the same Name. There has been another Albano built near its Ruines, which is a Bishops See, a Prin∣cipality, and the Title of a Cardinal. § Also a City with the Title of a Principality in the Kingdom of Na∣ples.

Albanopolis, an antient City of Macedonia in Greece.

Alba Julia. See Weissenburg.

Alba Regalis, called by the Inhabitants Ekekes Fesarwar; by the Germans Stoel-Weissemburg: Is a City of the Lower Hungary, once the Capital of that Kingdom, famous for the Coronation and Burial of the Kings of Hungary. It stands in a Marsh upon the River Sarwitz. Taken by the Turks Anno 1543▪ retaken by the Christians in 1601. taken again by the Turks in 1602. surrendred again to the Imperialists upon Articles, May 9. in the beginning of the Cam∣pagne of the Year 1688. The Imperialists found 84 Pieces of Cannon in it, with almost an incredible quantity of Ammunition and small Arms. It is 45 Miles from Buda West, and 60 from Comorra South. Long. 41. 10. Lat. 47. 8.

S. Albans, [Verulamium] is the fairest and the best Town in the County of Hertford. It arose out of the Ruins of Verulam, a Town more strong and antient, seated on the opposite side of the River Ver. This new Town took its Name from one Alban a Citizen of Verulam, who in the Dioclesian Persecu∣tion, suffered Death for the Christian Religion, and is esteemed the first of the British Martyrs. To whose memory the Britains built a fair Church, which being ruin'd in the Wars between them and the Saxons, Offa King of the Mercians built here a Monastery to his honor, An. Chr. 795. the Abbot of which obtained from Pope Adrian, the Preceden∣cy of all English Abbots, to which an end was put,

Dec. 5 1539. by the surrender of the said Abby to Hen. VIII. Near this place Richard Duke of York overthrew Henry VI. and took him Prisoner Anno Dom. 1455. who four Years after was restored to his liberty again, by a Victory obtained here too. This Town had the Honor of an Earldom bestowed upon it by Charles II. April 27. 1660. in the person of Henry Jermin, then Baron of S. Edmondsbury in Suffolk. Since raised to a Dukedom by the same King. This Town lies upon the River Ver, 10 Miles from Hert∣ford to the South-West. The Old Town I shall speak of in its proper place.

Albarazin, Albarazinum, a City, and a Bishops See in Arragon in Spain, under the Archbishop of Sa∣ragossa.

Albasequia, a City of Sarmatia in Asia, supposed to be the Ampsulis of Ptolomy.

Albegna, Albania, Almiana, a River in Tuscany, which falls into the Gulph of Telamont.

Albemarle, called by the French Aumale, is a Town in Normandy in France, near the Head of the Ri∣ver B••ssine, in the Confines of Picardy. It is memora∣ble for giving the Title of an Earl to the Noble Family De fortibus: And of Duke to Edward Earl of Rut∣land, after Duke of York. Given with the same Title to the Loyal, Wise, and Valiant George Monk, by Charles II. (July 7. 1660. who died Jan. 3. 1669.) It stands 14 Leagues from Roven East.

Alben, Albins, a Mountain of Carniola, remark∣able for Mines of Quicksilver. § Also a River (Alpis) in Corinthia, which runs into the Save.

Albenga, a City and Port in the Republick of Ge∣noua, antient, large, handsom, but not very health∣ful. In 1175. it was burnt by those of Pisa. Pope Alexander 3. made it a Bishops See in 1179. Titus Alius Proculus the Emperor was a Native of it. § Over against it stands an Islet of the same Name.

Alberg, a City and Bishops See in Jutland. It lies not far from the Baltick Sea, in 58. deg. of Lat.

Alberton, a Town and Port in Barbary.

Albigeois, a small Territory in Languedoc in France, with a City in it call'd Alby. This Province is divided by the River Tarn, and very much taken no∣tice of in Church-History, for those great Oppositions, the Albigenses, its Inhabitants, made long since against the Church of Rome.

Albila, Mercë, an Island made by the Nile in Ae∣thiopia, before it enters Egypt.

Albion, the antient Name of Great Brittain.

New Albion. See New Albion.

Albon, a Territory in the Province of Vienne in Dauphine, giving the Title of a Count.

Albona, Albonea, a River in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy, which passes by the Province of Novara to the Po.

Alboran, or Albusama, Erroris Insula, a small Island with some Villages in it, and a Castle, upon the Coasts of the Kingdom of Fez.

Alborg, Ae••burgum, a City, and a Bishops See un∣der the Archbishop of Lunden in the Province of Jut∣land in Denmark, upon the Bay of Limfort.

Alborno, Alburnus, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Naples, mentioned by Virgil; now call'd Monte di Po∣stiglione, and Montagna della Petina by the Italians.

Albret, a City, County, and Dutchy in Gascony, the Original of the late Royal Family of Navar.

Albs, the same with Savio, a River of Italy.

Albufera, Amaenum Stagnum, a Lake in the King∣dom of Valencia in Spain.

Albula, the antient Name of Tiber.

Albuquerque, a City and Dutchy in the Province of Estremadura in Portugal.

Alby, Albia, Albiga, a City of Languedoc in France, upon the River Tarn, the Capital of Albigeois, of great Antiquity. Sometime an Episcopal See un∣der the Archbishop of Bourges, but by P. Innocent X••. at the instance of the present French King Lewis XI••. translated into an Archbishoprick. The famous Al∣bigenses took their Name from hence. § Also a small City in the States of the Duke of Savoy, betwixt An∣necy and Aix, upon the declension of a Mountain.

Alcairo, Memphis, a famous City of Egypt, seated a little above the Delta, where the Nile is first divided; it is call'd in Scripture Noph, and Migdol. Now wholly desolate.

Alcala, Complutum, is a City of the Kingdom of Castile in Spain, seated upon the River Henarez. It was heretofore a Bishops See, but belongs now to the Archbishops of Toledo. One of which Franciscu•• Ximenius Cisn••rus Archbishop of Toledo, and a Car∣dinal, in the year 1517. in the time of Alphonsus Sa∣piens, opened here an University: it is 6 Leagues from Madrid, and •• from Toledo. Long. 17. 30. Lat. 41. 00.

Alcantara, Norba Caesarea, Pons Trajani, Turo∣brica, a City of the Kingdom of Leon, upon the Ri∣ver Tajo. It is a small City, and of late years has been sortified to preserve it from the Incursions of the Portugueze, being but 3 Leagues distant from the Borders of that Kingdom. It is ennobled by a Bridge built over the River, of 670 foot in length, and 28, foot wide, which is generally attributed to Trajan; it stands upon 6 Pillars. This City was taken from the Moors by Alphonsus VIII. Anno 1013.

Alcay, a fertile Mountain, well inhabited, twelve Leagues from Fez.

Alcazar-Quivir, the capital City of the Province of Asgar, upon the Coast of Barbary. Built by Jacob Almansor, King of Fez. Taken by Alphonsus V. K. of Portugal in 1448.

Alcazer-Zeguer, a Town in the Province of Ha∣bat in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the Streights. Built by Jacob Almansor, K. of Fez. Taken by Alphonsus V. King of Portugal, 1458. Abandoned by John III. K. of Portugal in 1540. yet now under the K. of Portugal.

Alcmaer, a Town in the Northern parts of Holland, besieged by the Spaniards in 1573. without success.

Alcozar d'Osal, Salacia, a small City of Portu∣gal upon the River Zadaon.

Alcyone, an antient City of Thessalia. § Also the Name of a deep Lake in the Morea, near Corinth; where there was in antient times a Temple dedicated to Amphiaraus, which gave this Lake the Name of Fons Amphiarai.

Aldebourg, a Village in Flanders.

Aldeburgh, Isurium, a small Corporation in the County of Suffolk, situated upon the Sea Shoar, which sends two Burgesses to Parliament.

Aldego, Aldegus, a River in the Province of Vero∣na in Italy, which unites with the Adige in the States of Venice.

Aldenburg, Brannesia, a ruined City in Holstein, 8 Miles from Lubeck, which robb'd it of its Bishoprick in 970. This is by some call'd Olden-borch. It is but 2 Miles from the Baltick Sea; there is now nothing but a Castle left.

Aldenburg, a Town of Misnia in Germany, upon the River Pleiss, which heretofore was a free Imperial City; but in 1308. was taken by Frederick, Marquess of Misnia, and united to Misnia. In the Castle of this Town was the antient Residence of the Dukes of Saxony. It is 6 German Miles distant from Lipsi••k to the South, and 8 from Misnia to the West. Some call it Altenburg.

Aldernay, an Island on the Coast of Normandy.

Ale, the Name of a Kingdom in Africa, belong∣ing to the Barbeci.

Alegransa, a small Island with a convenient Haven and Castle near the Canaries.

Alentejo, or Entre Tejo Guadiana, a Province in Portugal, South-East of Estremadura, divided into 5 Counties; the chief City of which is Evora. A part of old Lusitania and Boetica.

Alenzon, Alenconium, a large and well built City in Normandy, adorned with the Title of a Dutchy; it stands upon the River Sarte. This Title has been car∣ried by Eight of the Royal Family of Valois, and has since been conferr'd, occasionally, on many of the younger Princes of the Royal Family of France. It is 42 Miles from Paris.

Aleppo, Berrhoea, Beroa, is a City of Syria, seated upon the River Marsya, which falls into Euphrates; at this day the greatest City of Syria, a Mart filled with innumerable Inhabitants, and European Mer∣chants; being 6 Miles in compass, with 3 Suburbs, 10 Gates, and an oblong Castle, which is very strong. It is the Seat and Government of a Bassa, 28 Leagues distant from Scanderoon towards the Euphrates, and 200 Miles Northward from Damascus; the English, French, and Venetians, have each of them a Consul here. Long. 58. 20. Lat. 31. 25.

Alexia, an antient City, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Pisa in the Island of Corsica; now ruin'd. § A River of the same Name runs thereby, which is supposed to be the Rhotanus of Ptolomy.

Alesa, an antient City of Sicily, with a River by it of the same Name, now call'd Pittineo.

Alesham, or Aylesham, a Market. Town in Norfolk, in the Hundred of South-Erpingham.

Alessio, Lyssus, a City of Albania, near the fall∣ing of the River Drin into the Adriatique; also a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Durazzo: famous for the Sepulchre of the great Scanderberg, who died here in 1467.

Alessio, Alex, a River of Calabria in Italy, which falls into the Bay of Tarento.

Alet, Alecta, a City of Languedoc in France, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Narbone; out of which Diocess it was taken by Pope John XXII. It is 5 Leagues from Carcassone, and stands at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills.

Alexandretta. See Scanderone.

Alexandria, a City of Egypt, call'd by the Turks Scanderik, a celebrated Mart, and the Seat of the se∣cond Patriarch; built by Alexander the Great, Anno Mundi 3618. that is, 330 years before Christ. It was considered much more than now, before the building of Grand Cairo. Heretofore the great Trade for Spices was driven here, which were brought by Ca∣mels from the Red Sea; but are now brought to us by Sea from the East-Indies. Yet this Town is still much frequented by the European Ships for the sake of the Harbour. It is inhabited by about 2000 Souls, which being too few for so vast a City, accordingly much of it is nothing but Ruins. The Pharoal, once an Isle, is now joyned to the City, and a Fort built upon it by the Turks, with a Garison for the security of the Port. This City was taken from the Chri∣stians by Amrus the Moor, after a Siege of 13 Months; retaken from them in the times of the Holy War, Anno Christi 1167. but it fell soon after into their hands again. Long. 58. 20. Lat. 31. 25. § There is another City of this Name built by Alexander M. beyond the River Tanais. § A third, in the Palati∣nate of Lusuc in Poland upon the River Horin. § And a fourth in Susiana in Asia.

Alexandria, Alexandrinum, a small Town in the Palatinate of Braclaw in Poland.

Alexandria della Paglia, Alexandria Statellio∣rum, a large and well fortified City in the Dukedom of Milan in Italy; built upon the River Tanaro, which divides it. It was made a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop of Milan, by Pope Alexander III. Anno 1175. from whom it had its Name. It is 52 Miles from Mi∣lan to the North-West, and 12 from Casal to the South. This City, in 1656. being besieged by the Prince of Conti, and the Duke of Modena, their Ar∣my was forced to rise for want of Money. Brietius. Long. 30. 30. Lat. 43. 54.

Alexie. See Alize.

Alfissah, a Country in the Southern part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Aleford, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire, in the Division of Lindsey and Hundred of Calceworth.

Alfreton, a Market-Town in Darbyshire, in the Hundred of Scarsdale.

Algarria, a Northern Province of the Kingdom of New Castile, whose Bounds are not known; so that it is thought that both Madrid and Toledo are in this Province.

Algarve, a small part of Spain, which under Al∣phonsus III. was added to Portugal, with the Title of a Kingdom; Tavira is the chief place in it: it hath Portugal on the North, on the West and South it is washed by the Ocean, and on the East lies Andaluzia.

Algezire, a Town and Port upon the Streights of Gibraltar in Spain; supposed by some to be the Car∣theia of the Antients. Taken from the Moors by Alphonsus XI. King of Castile in 1344. now ruin'd.

Algiers, or Argiers, Julia Caesarea, aliis Ruscu∣rum, Rusucurum, a City and Republick in Africa, up∣on the Confines of Barbary, on the Mediterranean Sea; famous for Piracies, and for the loss of a vast Fleet of Ships by a Tempest, belonging to Charles V. in 1541. when that Victorious Prince attempted the Conquest of this place. The English have had better success against them; twice entred their strong Har∣bours, and burnt their Ships. First under Admiral Blake, April 4. 1655. And afterwards (having been forced to a Peace in 1668. by Sir Thomas Allen, which they broke the year following), in 1670. Capt. Beach meeting 7 of their Men of War, forced them on shoar; two of which they burnt themselves, and the English the other five, releasing 250 Christian Captives. In 1670. Sir Edward Sprague destroy'd 9 more of their Ships near the Castle of Bugia, which plaid upon him with their Cannon. This last Victory reduced those Pirats to beg a Peace, which, with the English they have kept the better since. The French Fleet com∣manded by Marescal D'Estree, discharged 10420 Bombs into the Town, in July 1688. whereby above two thirds of it were destroy'd; also 5 Ships in Port, belonging to the Government there, were sunk or burnt. The Algerines enraged thereat, shot off the French Consul at the Mouth of a Cannon, with several poor Captives; which was revenged by the French upon three Algerine Officers they had brought in custody with them, whom they shot to death, and put their Bodies upon a Hurdle of Planks to be driven ashoar, to warn their Countrymen of the effects of their Cruelty. This Town is seated 100 Miles from Sally, right over against Minorca. Long. 20. 15. Lat. 32. 45.

Algher, Algaria, Corax, a City of Sardinia, call'd by the Spaniards Alguer; it stands on the Western Shoar of that Isle, in the Northern part of it. This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sassari, from whence it is dist. 16 Miles to the South. The Bishoprick was translated from Orana hither, by Julius II. in 1504.

Algow, Agovia, a County of Schwaben, a Pro∣vince of Germany. It is bounded on the North by the Danube, and by the Lech, on the East by the Lake of Constance, by the Territory of Hegow to the West, and by the Earldom of Tirol to the South. In this County lie the Marquisate of Burgow, Ausburg, and several other considerable Cities and Towns.

Alhama, Artigi, a City of the Kingdom of Gra∣nada, seated upon steep Hills, which was the place

of delight to the Moorish Kings of Granada; it lies 7 Leagues from Granada North-West; called in the latter Maps Alcala-real.

Alhilet, Sin, a Desert of Arabia.

Alibaluch, an Island in the Caspian Sea, over a∣gainst the Province of Taristan in Persia, under the King of Perse.

Alicant, Alonae, a Port of the Kingdom of Va∣lentia in Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea, 10 Leagues from Murcia to the North-East, and from New Car∣thage, now Valentia, 14. the Bay that comes up to it is now called the Gulph of Alicant.

Alicate, a Town upon the Coast of Sicily.

Alifa, Allipha, a City and a Bishops See under the Archb. of Benevento in the Terra di Lavoro in Naples, upon the River Voltorno. Almost ruin'd. Fabius Maximus gain'd a Victory over the Samnites here.

Aliola, a small Island between Africa and Mada∣gascar, called in the Maps Alion.

Alize, or Alise, Alexia, a place in the Dutchy of Burgundy, now ruinous; formerly famous for the Siege it endured against Jul. Caesar.

Alkebulan, one of the Names by which Africa is called.

Alla, a River in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.

Allatur, a Town in the Kingdom of Cazan in Moscovy upon the River Cama.

Alleburg, a small Town upon the River Alla in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.

Allelujah, a remarkable Monastery in Aethiopia, so called from the continual singing of Allelujahs in it.

Allemaign. See Germany.

Allendorf, a small Town in Germany under the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel upon the River Wertz, 5 Leagues from Cassel.

Allere, Allera, a River in the Lower Saxony, which rises in the Dutchy of M gdebourg, and passes through that of Lunebourg by Zell and Ferdin to joyn the Weser.

Allersberg, a small Market-Town on the West of the District of Newmarckt, in the upper Palati∣nate: it belongs to the House of Newburg.

Allia, a River of the Province of Sabina in Italy. See Aia.

Allier, Elaver, a River of France, which riseth in Languedoc, in the Territory of Guivandan, in the Village of Condress, at the foot of Losere, the highest of the Mountains of Cevennes; then running to the North, it watereth and divides the County of Auvergne, as likewise that of Bourbon; where it slides by Mou∣lins, and a little beneath Nevers, falls into the Loire.

Allobroges, an antient People of the Province of Narbona in Gallia▪ Transalpina, so called from the River Labroya, upon the Banks of which they had their Habitations at first, according to Viterbius. They assisted the Carthaginians against the Romans. In the Year of Rome 632. the Romans overthrew them under Cne•••• Domitius Aenobarbus, and Fabius Ma∣ximus, whence the latter obtained the▪ Title of Allo∣brogicus.

Allyn, a great Lake in the County of Kildare in Ireland.

Almagra, a Village in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain, remarkable for being the Birth place, and giv∣ing Name to Diego Almagra, Pizarro's Comerade in the discovery of Peru in 1525. These two perfidious base-born Vilains taking up Arms afterwards against each other, Almagra became Pizarro's Prisoner, and was kill'd by Pizarro's Brother.

Almaguer, Almagra, a small Town 20 Leagues from Popayan in the Southern America.

Almedine, a Town sometime rich and populous, and the Capital of the Province of Duguela in the Kingdom of Marocco, but now ruin'd.

Almeria, a City and Port in the Kingdom of G••a∣nada, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Granada; seated upon the Mediterranean; having its Name from Amalricus, a Gothish King, who built it; it is distant about twenty Miles from Grana∣da, South-East. § There is another Town of the same name in new Spain with a good Port, upon the Gulph of Mexico; called also Villaricca, and by the Indians Naothalon from a River of that name.

Almina, Abyla, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary, near the Mouth of the Streights of Gibraltar, or the entrance of the Mediterranean, sup∣posed to be one of Hercules's Pillars.

Almis••a, Almisum, Dalmatium, by the Sclavom ans called Omisc, is a City in Dalmatia upon the A∣driatique, under the Turks. It was sometime a Bi∣shops See before it was united to the Archbishoprick of Spalatro.

Almo, a Rivulet in Campagna di Roma, which falls into the Tibur at Rome. The Priests of the Goddess Cybele used to wash the Victims that they Sacrificed to her in these streams.

Almondbury, Camulodunum, a Town in Yorkshire, in the West-Riding, seated upon the River Calder, about 7 miles from Halifax to the South-East; which was once a famous Roman and Saxon City, now a Village.

Almoravides, a People near Mount Atlas in Africa, who Possessed themselves of the Kingdom of Fez in the year 1052.

Almouchiquois, Savages of New France, towards the River Covacourt and the Isle of Bacchus.

Almunequar, a Town in the Kingdom of Granada

Alnewick, a Market-Town in Northumberland on the River Alne (Alaunus), which gives name to it, and soon after falls into the German Ocean. William the Lyon, King of Scots, fought a Battle here with the English in the Reign of Henry II. and was taken Prisoner.

Alney Is••e, a small Island near Glocester made by the Severn. Here Edmond, surnamed Ironside, one of the Saxon Kings of England, fought a single Com∣bat with Canutus the Dane, an Invader, in the view of both their Armies: After which they agreed to reign in Conjunction, each in his part, dividing the King∣dom betwixt them.

Aload, one of the Names of Nilus.

Alopecki, a People of Attica near Athens, amongst whom, according to Diogenes Laertius, Socrates had his Nativity.

Alost, a Town in Flanders, upon the River Dender. This Town was taken by the French in 1667; but restored to the Spaniards again, who now have it. It lies in the middle between Brussels and Gaunt, one mile from Dendermonde. There was an Earl∣dom belonging to this place; which had Earls of its own till 1165. when it fell to Philip E. of Flanders, by Inheritance, and was by him united for ever to Flanders.

Alpes, called by the Germans Alben, is a long Ridg of▪ Mountains, which divide Italy from France and Germany. It begins at Port Monaco, a Town belonging to the States of Genoua, upon the Mediterranean, but in the Hands of the French ever since the Year 1641. And ends at the Gulph of Carnaro, a part of the Adriatick Sea, South of Istria, a Province belonging to the Republick of Venice. It is divided into divers parts, and each of them has its proper Name, besides the General. From the Port of Monaco to the Fountains of the River Var, they are called the Maritim Alpes. From thence to Susa the Cottian Alpes, from Susa to S. Bernard the less, they are called the Greek Alpes: from thence to S. Gothard the Pennine Alpes: next to these fol∣low the Grison Alpes, to the Fountain of the River Piave; that part of them which lie near the City of

Trent, are called by its Name. Those that follow as far as Dolak, are called the Norician Alpes; from the Fountains of Tajamento to those of the Drave, they are called the Carinthian Alpes; the last are the Julian or Pannonian Alpes. Yet some extend them as far as Dalmatia, and others carry them to Thrace, and the Euxine Sea; but it is the most received opinion, that they end at the Fountains of the River di Kulpe in Liburnia. Thus far Clu∣virius.

Alpheus. See Orfea.

Alpon, Vecchio, Alpinus, a River in the Terri∣tories of Verona, which falls into the Adige; a Ri∣ver which belongs to the States of Venice.

Alpuxaras, Alpuxarae, a considerable body of Mountains in the Kingdom of Granada in Spain; they were once well peopled, but are almost desolate now; the Moors that inhabited them, having been banished by Philip III.

Alre, Alera, a River in Saxony in Germany. See Allere.

Alrick, or Elrick, Alriens, a River in Twedale in Scotland, which falls into the Tweede.

Als, or Alsits, Alisuntia, a River of the Duke∣dom of Luxemburg in the Low-Countries; which washeth the Walls of the principal City; and then with the Saar, another River of the same Dukedom, falls into the Moselle above Treves.

Alsatia, called by the Germans Elsass, by the French Alsace, in a Province of Germany in the upper Circle of the Rhein: lying between Schwaben on the East, Lorain on the West; the lower Palati∣nate, the Territory of Spire, the Dukedom of Bipont, towards the North: and upon the Switzors toward the South. It is divided into three parts. Alsatia, (properly so called) and into the lower and upper Alsa∣tia: which two last parts, with the Bishoprick of Basil, Spire, and Philipsburgh, submitted to Lewis XIII. in 1634. and were yielded to the French, by the Peace of Munster in the Year 1648. The Territories of the Bishop and Chapter of Strasburg, which lie on this side the Rhine, belong to the lower Alsatia.

Alsen, Alsa, or Alsia, is an Island of Denmark in the Baltick Sea, on the Eastern-Shoar of the Duke∣dom of Sleswick, from which it is parted by a small Channel. At the South end of it stands a magnifi∣cent Castle called Suderburgh, which belongs to a branch of the House of Holsatia, with the Title of Duke; and at the North end there is another Castle called Nordoburg, possessed by another Ducal Family. The whole Island is under the Dominion of the D. of Sunderburgh, and is a part of the Dukedom of Sleswick.

Alsford, a Market-Town in Hantshire.

Alster, a River in the Dutchy of Holstein in Ger∣many, falling into the Elb above Hamburgh.

Alssfeldt, one of the antientiest Towns in Hassia. The Burgers of this Town were the first that em∣braced Luthers Reformation.

Alt, Alta, a small River in Lancashire, falling into the Irish Sea at Ahnouth. § Another in Transyl∣vania. See Olt.

Altahein, Alteimum, an antient Town in the Country of the Grisons.

Altai, a Mountain, the same with Belgon.

Altaich, the Upper and Lower, is the Name of two famous Monastries on the Danow, in the upper Palatinate. They have their Names from Altaha Altachum, or Altaichum, two great old Oaks.

Altamura, or Altavilla, Altus Murus, a Prin∣cipality and City in the Province of Bari in Naples.

Altem-bourg, vide Aldenburg.

Altembourg, the Name also of a Town in Transyl∣vania, and of another in the Lower Hungary, by the Hungarians call'd Owar▪ •• Of another in Bavaria up∣on the Danube; as likewise of a Ruinated Castle of the Province of Argow in Switzerland, giving the Title of a Count.

Alten, and Altenbotten, a River and Branch of the Norwegian Ocean, in the Province of Werdhuss.

Altino, Altinum, an antient City and Episcopal See within the States of Venice, upon the River Sile, betwixt Padoua and Concordia. Ruined by Attila, King of the Huns. The Bishoprick is Transfer'd to Torcello.

Alton, a Market-Town in Hampshire.

Altorf, Altorfium, the Capital City of the Canton of Ʋri, upon the River Russ in Switzerland, at the Foot of the Alps. § Also a City and University in Franconia, upon the River Schwartzac. The Uni∣versity was Founded by the Magistrates of Nurem∣berg in 1579. and received its Privileges from the Em∣perour Rodolph II. in 1581. There is a Castle to it. § A small, but antient Town, within 2 miles of Ravenspurg, in the upper Schwaben in Germany▪ the Guelpian Family were usually Buried here. This Town belongs to the House of Austria, and is the Residence of the high Commissioners of Suevia.

Altringham, a Market-Town in Cheshire, in the Hundred of Buclow.

Alzira, a rich and pleasant (tho small) City in the Kingdom of Valencia in Spain, betwixt two Arms of the River Xucar, over which it has two Bridges; about 5 Leagues from Valencia.

Am, a famous City in Armenia, computed to have 100000 Houses, and 1000 Churches. Taken by the Tartars in 1219.

Amachaches, Amacari, an American People in Brasil, towards St. Sebastian.

Amacusa, an Island and Province under Japan in the East-Indies, having its Capital City of the same Name.

Amadabat, or Armadabat, a Populous City, of great Trade in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the East Indies, which finds out of its own Revenue, for the Service of the Great Mogul, 12000 Horse, and 50 E∣lephants. The Chan or Governour, assumes the qua∣lity of a Prince. It is 18 Leagues from Cambaya, near the River Indus, adorn'd with a Mosque of ex∣traordinary magnificence, where lie the Sepulchres of many of their antient Kings, being heretofore and Idol Temple of the Heathens, till the Turks got the Pos∣session of it.

Amadan, one of the finest and most considerable Cities in Persia, about 9 days Journey from Hispahan, at the Foot of a Mountain.

Amager, o•• Amac, Amagria, a Fruitful Island in the Baltick Ocean over against Copenhagen, under the Crown of Denmark.

Amaguana, one of the Luccaye Islands in Ame∣rica, near St. Domingo.

Amalfi, Amalphis, an Archiepiscopal City, and Dukedom of the Kingdom of Naples; but notwith∣standing these great Honours, it is little, and ill built. It stands upon the Bay of Salerno, the West part of which is called La Costa d' Amalfi. It is said the Body of S. Andrew is kept here. And in this place Flavio Gioia found out the use of the Compass in the Year 1300. It is •••• miles distant from Salerno, and 24 from Naples, to the North-East.

Amana, another of the Luccaye Islands.

Am••nthea, Amantia, a City and Bishops▪ See, un∣der the Archbishop of Regio in Calabria in the King∣dom of Naples, upon the Mediterranean. There is a Castle to it, which, with the adjacent Country, de∣pends upon the Prince of Bisignano.

Amanus, or Amana, a Mountain mentioned Can∣tic. 4. 8. dividing Cilicia from Syria. Alexander III. overthrew Darius the first time at this passage into Syria, called by the antients Amanicae Portae.

A••apai••, a Province of new Andalusia in Ame∣rica, near the River Orenoque.

Amara, an high Mountain with a City of the same Name built upon it, which gives Name to a Kingdom, in the very midst of Aethiopia; we are told the Chil∣dren and Reltations of the Royal Family are here kept in Custody, and that upon the death of their Prince, they fetch another from hence. But others pretend they are kept in Ovohni in the Province of Oinadag. It lies under the Line, in 65 degrees of Longitude.

Amarantes, an antient People of Colchis in Asia Minor, dwelling upon a Mountain of the same Name, whence arises the River Phasis.

Amasia, a City of Cappadocia, in Asia the Less, upon the River Casalmach (Iris,) which falls into the Euxine Sea. This City is called by the Turks Am∣nasan; it was an Archbishoprick, with four Suffragans. The Turks have been possessed of it three Ages: it is large, the Capital of those Countries, and the Seat of the Beglerbeg of Cappadocia, now called by the Turks Tocat. Strabo, the antient Geographer, who was born here, gives a very particular Account of this place. It now gives the Title of Archbishop to Signior D'Adda, the late Nuncio in England from P. Innocent XI. who promoted him to a Cardinalate amongst Ten others, Feb. 13. 1689. It lies in Long. 65. 52. Latit. 44. 25.

Amath, Epiphania, a Town in Palestine. Built by Amath, the Son of Chanaan; and mentioned by Jo∣sephus as extant in his time. Pliny speaks of another in the East-Indies.

Amathonte, Amathusa, an antient City of Cyprus, in which Venus had formerly a Temple Consecrated to her of great Fame: Since a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Nocosia.

Amatique, or S. Thomas, a Town of North Ame∣rica in New-Spain, in the Province de Honduras, 18 Leagues distant from the North Sea; which was Built Anno 1597. There is a River in the same Province called Amatitu••.

Amato. See Lameto.

Amaxie, an antient City of Troas in Asia Minor, where Apollo had a Temple in his Honour. § Another of Cilicia, given by Marc Anthony to Cleopatra.

Amaxobient, an antient People of Sarmatia.

The River of Amazons is one of the biggest Ri∣vers in the World: it belongs to the South America, and riseth near Quitum, a City of Peru, out of two Marshes which lie within two Leagues of each other at the foot of the Mountains of Cordillera; then run∣ning to the East, and being augmented by the Streams of Coca, Napo, and others, it passeth the Provinces of Canela and Pacamor, where it receives the River Xauxa or Maranio; so passing many other Provinces after a Course of 1200 Leagues, it falls into the North Ocean between Brasile and Guiana. The mouth of it is very large, and full of Islands: it was first found in 1541. by Joannes Orellano a Spaniard, and there∣fore some have called it the River of Orellan. Peter Texeira, a Spaniard, has made a very exact Descri∣ption of it, having spent 10 Months in surveying it, in 1639.

Ambadar, a Town upon the Nile, in the Kingdom of Bagamedri in Abyssinia.

Amba-Geshen, a Mountain almost impregnable in the Confines of Amhara, prodigiously high (in the form of a Castle, built of Free-stone. It is half a Portugal League broad at the top, and at the bottom half a days Journey about.

Ambarri, an antient People amongst the Gauls, mentioned by Cesar.

Amber, Ambrus, a River of Bavaria in Germany. It arises towards Tirol, and falls into the Iser near Landshut.

Amberg, a City of Germany, in the Province of Northgow, upon the River Wils: it belongs now to the Duke of Bavaria; but both it, and the Country about it, did belong to the Elector Palatine. It is 7 German Miles from Ratisbone, and 8 from Noremborg.

Ambiam, a Kingdom of the Higher Ethiopia, between the Kingdoms of Bagmid and Quara. It takes its Name from the head City of it.

Ambiancativa, a City and Kingdom of Ethiopia the Higher, which has the Nile on the East, and the Lake of Amasen on the West.

Ambibarri, an antient People amongst the Gauls, mentioned by Cesar, and supposed to be those of the Diocese (now) of Avranches in Normandy.

Ambie, or Hambie, a Town in Normandy, thought to retain its Name from the Ambibarri.

Amboina, is an Island of the East-Indies: the whole Circuit whereof is 16 Leagues; but yet it is of great Consideration, by reason of the plenty of Spice which it affords. It was discovered by the Por∣tuguese in 1515. In 1605. the Dutch drove out the Portugal Forces, and possessed themselves of Amboina, the principal Town, by one Stephen van Hagan; but that which makes this Island most infamous, was, the Cruelties of the Dutch executed upon the English in 1618. It lies not far from the Moluccoes, and is reckon'd among the Selebes. This Island lies West of Banda 24 Leagues, and very near the Line.

Amboise, Ambacia, is a Town and Castle in Tou∣raine in France, near the Loir, over which it has a Bridge. The Kings of France have often retir'd hither for their Privacy and Pleasure. Charles VIII. was born here 1470. and died here April 7. 1498. But most memorable is this place for the Surprize intended against Francis II. by the Hugonots in 1560. which gave Birth to a lasting War in France. This Town lies 6 Leagues from Tours, and 10 from Blois.

Amboule, a fruitful Valley in the Southern part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Ambracia, a considerable Episcopal City of Epirus, upon a Bay of the same Name, in which the Battel of Actium was sought by the Fleets of Augustus and Mark Antony. This was the Regal City of the famous Pyr∣rbus, King of Epirus; distant from Prevesa, (Nico∣polis) 25 Miles.

Ambres-bury, Ambresburia, a Town in Wile∣shire, about 5 Miles West of Salisbury, and 2 Miles North of Stone-••enge, seated upon the River Avon; which takes its Name from Ambrosius, the first King of the Britains after the Romans forsook them, who is here supposed to have been slain and buried. Cambden.

Ambrisi, Ambrisius, a River in the remotest Ae∣thiopia, in the Kingdom of Congo: it ariseth in the Mountains near the City of Tinda, and falls into the Aethiopick Ocean between Lelunda and the Lose, about 5 deg. from the Line South.

Ambroise, a small Town at the entrance into Pi∣edmont, upon the River Doria. Near to it stands the celebrated Abby of L'Ecluse, that they say was built by the hands of Angels; belonging to the Be∣nedictines, and one of the four chief Houses in Europe of that Order.

Ambroni, an antient People of Switzerland••, or according to some, of Dauphiné in France on the side of Ambrune. Marius gave them a bloody Over∣throw near the little River Arc in Provence, between Aix and S. Maximin, in the year of Rome 652. The Marks of this Victory being yet extant upon the Rests of a Pyramid there.

Ambrune, a City in the Dauphinate of France, call'd in Latin Ebrodunum: It is an Archbishops See, small but strong; seated upon the River Durance, which falls into the Rhosne, one League beneath Avignon: it lies 23 Leagues North-East of Grenoble, and 37 from Li••nt.

Amel, a Kingdom of Africa upon the Atlantick Ocean, between the Outlets of the River Niger, and on the Western side of it.

Amelant, an Island belonging to the Dutch in the German Ocean, on the Shoars of Friseland.

Amelia, a City of S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy, said to be built 964 years before Perseus: It is an indepen∣dent Bishops See, about 6 Miles from Narni. The Ameria of the Antients, and the birth-place of that Roscius whose Cause is defended by Cicero.

AMERICA, the Fourth Part of the World, and greater than the other Three. Wholly unknown to us till 1499. when Christopher Columbo, or Colono, a Genouese, first discovered it; at the Charges of Fer∣dinando and Isabella, King and Queen of Spain. Americus Vespuccio, a Florentine, seven years after being sent by Emanuel, King of Portugal, went fur∣ther, and discovered the Continent, and from him it has its Name; but it is no less frequently call'd the West-Indies. It lies in length, from North to South, under the shape of two vast Peninsula's, knit together by the Streights of Panama, where the Land is not above 17 Leagues from Sea to Sea. On the Western side it has the Pacifick Ocean; on the East the Atlantick; on the South the Streights of Magellan or Le-Maire; but as to the North, the Bounds of it are not disco∣••ered, by reason of the great Cold, and nearness to the Northern Pole. Great part of it is under the Spa∣niards, viz. Peru, New Spain, Terra firma, Paragua, Chili, and many of the Northern and Southern Islands; yet divers of the Maritime parts are under the Portugals, English, French, and Hollanders. Parti∣cularly the English, either by being first Occupants, or else by Conquest have made themselves Masters of the large Northern Continents adjoining to Hudson's Bay, New England, Virginia, Mary-Land, Carolina, and of many adjacent Islands: and in the more Southern Parts they are possessed of the wealthy Islands of Ja∣maica, Barbadoes, Mevis, &c. Those Natives that live in these parts with the Europeans are much civili∣zed; but those that inhabit the Inland Countries re∣tain their antient barbarous Customs. This vast Con∣tinent is divided into the Southern and Northern Ame∣ica, by the Bay of Mexico and the Streights of Panama. The Islands which lie about it in both the Oceans, are too numerous to be here recounted.

Amersford, a small Town in the State of Ʋtrecht in Holland, upon the River Em, under the Dominion of the United States, tho once an Imperial City. In 1624. it was taken by the Spaniards, but soon after retaken by the Dutch; and in 1672. it fell into the hands of the French, who deserted it two years after. It lies about 3 Leagues East of Ʋtrecht.

Amersham, a Market-Town in Buckinghamshire. See Agmundesham.

Amhara. See Amara.

Amida. See Caramit.

Amiens, Samarobrina, Samarobriga, the chief City of Picardy, and a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop of Rheims; it stands upon the River Somme, mid-way in the Road between Calais and Paris, about 25 French Miles from each. It was a long time the Frontier Town of France, surprized by the Spaniards in 1597. but soon after retaken by that Victorious Prince Henry IV. Built by Antonius Pius the Em∣perour, and was call'd at first Samarobriga, that is, the Bridge upon Samara. In the Cathedral Church of Nostre Dame they preserve the Head of S. John Baptist, which they say was found by a Gentleman of Picardy at the taking of Constantinople in 1204. as a most extraordinary Relique. There is an Historical Trea∣tise of this Head, written by the Sieur du Cange. The Country l' Amiennois takes it Name from A∣miens.

Amilo, Amulus, a River in Mauritania mention'd by Pliny.

Amiterno, an antient City in the Province of Abruzzo in Italy, and sometime an Episcopal See, which has been translated to Aquila. It was the Birth place of the Historian Salust. The Ruins of a Theatre, a Church, and a great Tower are yet to be seen.

Amititan, or Amuitan, a Lake in New Spain in America.

Amixoeares, an American People of Brasil.

Ammerze, Ammer, a great Lake or Marsh in Ba∣varia in Germany.

The Ammonites, an antient People of Palestine, descended from Ammon the Son of Lot; in the Hi∣story of the Old Testament, famous for their Wars with Israel, who gave them several great Defeats un∣der Jephtha, Saul, Joab, Joatham, and Judas Mac∣chabeus. § Also another antient People of Libya in Africa, who lived toward the Temple of Jupiter Ammon.

Amond, Almon, a River in the County of Lothain in Scotland. It falls into Edenburg Fyrth.

Amone, or Lamone, a River arising at the foot of the Apennines in Italy, and passing by Faenza to fall into the Po near Ravenna.

Amorbach, Amorbachium, a Town of Franconia in Germany, upon the River Muldt, under the Ele∣ctor of Mentz.

Amorium, an antient City of Phrygia in Asia Minor, and sometime an Archiepiscopal See under the Patriarch of Constantinople. Taken and burnt by the Saracens in 840.

The Amorites, an antient People of Palestine, de∣scended from Canaan: who, with their two Kings Sehon and Og, were vanquish'd by the Israelites, and their Country distributed amongst the Tribes of Ruben, Gad, and Manasseh.

Ampatres, an Indian People in the Island of Ma∣dagascar.

Ampelusia, Ampelos, a Cape upon the Streights of Gibraltar in Mauritania Tingitana, now call'd Cape Esparto. § Also a Town and Cape in Macedonia, call'd now Capo Canistro. § And a Cape in Crete, now call'd Capo Sagro.

Amphaxe, a small Town upon the Gulph of Con∣tessa in Macedonia. It did antiently give Name to the Country Amphaxites.

Amphipolis. See Emboli.

Amphryse, a River in Thessalia. § Another in Phrygia in Asia Minor, and a Town in Phocis.

Ampthill, a Market-Town in Bedfordshire. The Earl of Alesbury has a noble Seat here.

Ampurdan, a Country of Catalonia; its capital City was the antient Emporiae (Ampurias) upon the Mediterranean, 6 Leagues from Girona; some∣time divided betwixt 3 Nations, Spaniards, Greeks, and Romans. Cato obtain'd a signal Victory over the Spaniards here, in the year of Rome 558. It was af∣terwards the Seat of a Bishop; but being ruin'd in the Wars with the Moors, the See was translated to Gi∣rona.

Amrom, or Amrod, an Island towards the Dutchy of Sleswick in Denmark.

Amsterdam, Amstelodamium, is the chief Town of the Province of Holland, seated upon the River Yam. It is a new City, first Fortisied in 1492. but within this last hundred Years it has received its greatest growth, and is now one of the greatest Marts in Europe. It takes its Name from the River Amstel, which glides by it: and has a large, convenient, and a well-traded-haven. The Riches, number of Ships, and Merchants belonging to it, are equal to those of most Cities in Christendom. It was taken by the Hol∣lanlers

under Prince William of Nassau, from the Spa∣niard, in 1578. having been heretofore one of the Im∣perial Cities: it stands about two Leagues from the Zuider Sea, and four from Ʋtrecht. § The Hollanders have given the Name of Amsterdam to an Island in the Frosen Sea, toward Greenland. To a Town and Port of theirs in their Colonies in the Northern Ame∣rica. To an Island in the Indian Ocean, betwixt Ma∣dagascar and new Holland. And lastly, to another Island by them discover'd towards Japan.

Amu, or Amus, a Lake in the Country of Ʋsbech in Tartary.

Amudez, a Town in the Kingdom of Tunis in A∣frica.

Amurgos, or Murgos, an Island in the Archipe∣lago, with a City that has sometime been the Seat of a Bishop. Simonides the antient Poet was born here.

Amyclea, an antient City in the Terra di Lavoro in Italy; whose surprisal and destruction by the Ene∣my, occasioned that known Proverb, Amyclas perdi∣dit silentium.

Amycles. See Scala Marmorea. § The Name also of an antient City in the Morea, where Apollo had his Temple.

Amydon, an antient City of Macedonia, upon the River Axïus.

Amyrus, a River of Thessalia.

Amyzon. See Mezo.

Ana, a Town of Arabia Deserta, upon the River Euphrates.

Anabagatha, a City and an Archiepiscopal See, under the Patriarch of Antioch in Asia.

Anacandrians, Indians in the Isle of Madagascar.

Anachimoussi, other Indians in the same.

Anactoire, an antient City of Epirus upon the Bay of Ambracia: the Anactorium of the Antients. And another in Ionia.

Anacuies, Indians of Brasil.

Anaf, or Anfa, a Town, sometime the Capital of the Province of Temesen, in the Kingdom of Fez up∣on the Atlantick Ocean. Burnt by Alphonsus King of Portugal in 1468.

Anaghelome, a small Town in the County of Down in ulster in Ireland upon the River Ban.

Anagni, or Agnani, a City and Bishops See in the States of the Church in Italy. Rich and powerful in the time of the old Romans; now almost ruin'd and little inhabited.

Anagyrus, a Tract in Achaia; so call'd from the growth of Bean-Cod Trees there.

Anandale, is a County in the West of Scotland, upon the River Solway, which parts Scotland from England: It takes its Name from the River Anan, as doth also the principal Town in it, which (saith Cam∣den) lost all the Glory and Beauty it had by the Eng∣lish War in the Reign of Edward VI.

Anapanomene, a Fountain of Epirus mention'd by Pliny.

Anaph, an Island in the Archipelago, now call'd Nanfio.

Anaplyste, an antient Maritim Town in Greece near Athens.

Anapo, Anapus, a River of Sicily. § Also an∣other of Epirus.

Anapuia, a Province of Venezuela in the South America.

Anaquito, a Country in the Province of Quito in Peru; where the two Parties of Almagra and Pizarro (joynt-discovers of Peru) engag'd each other in Battel in 1546. See Almagra.

Anatolia, Asia Minor, call'd by the Turks, Natolie, is a considerable part of Asia, extending it self West∣ward to the Shoars of Greece. It is bounded on the North with the Euxine or Black Sea; on the East it is separated from Syria and Armenia Major by the Euphrates; on the South it has the Mediterranean; and on the North it is severed from Greece and Thrace by the Bosphorus and many other Seas. It is all of it in miserable Slavery under the Turks, who have strangly depopulated, impoverish'd, and ruin'd this once most rich and powerful Country.

Anatolico, A Village of the Province of Despotato (or the antient Aetolia) in Greece: built in a Marsh like Venice.

Anazarbe, See Aczar.

Anazzo, Gnazzi, or Torre d'Anasso; a City in the Province of Bari, in the Kingdom of Naples; sup∣posed to be the ruinated Egnatia, whose Episcopal See is transferr'd to Monopoli.

Ancam, Ancamia; an Island on the Coast of China to the Province of Canton.

Ancamares or Anoamares, Indians in the South America, along the River Madera.

Ancaster, the antient Crocolana or Crorolana; a Town upon Lincoln Heath, within 12 Miles of Lincoln.

Ancenis, Ancenesium, a City in Britany in France upon the Loyre. The Castle that it had is ruin'd.

Anchiale, the same with Kenkis. § Also a City of Cilicia in Asia, remarkable for the Tomb and Statue of the Effeminate Sardanapalus.

Anchisa, a part of the Mountain Atlas.

Anchora, Asine, an antient small City in the Morea near Modon,

Anclam,, Anclamum, a very strong Town in Po∣merania, under the Government of the King of Swe∣den, upon the River Pene. It was taken from the Swedes by the Duke of Brandenburg in 1676. and restored to them in 1679. It lies 8 German Miles South-East from Stetin.

Ancona, the principal City of Marca Anconitana; which Territory takes its name from this City: it stands upon the Adriatick Sea, near the Promontory of S. Ciriaco. Built by the Syracusans, who fled hither to avoid the fury of their Tyrant. The Ha∣ven was built by Trajan the Emperor, and is one of the fairest in the World, but not so safe as capacious In 1532. Pope Clement the VII. built here a a very strong Castle, upon pretence of securing the City a∣gainst the Turks, but in reality to bring it into a greater subjection to the Popedom, in whose Do∣minions it is; tho formerly a kind of a Republick: it has a Bishop who is not under any Archbishop. It is distant from Rome 110 Miles to the North-East, and from Ʋrbino 53 Miles to the South-East.

Ancyra, See Engury

Anczakrich, Anczacricus, a River of Ʋkrane in Poland, which falls into the Black Sea. within one Polish Mile of Oczakow, which is now in the Posses∣sion of the Turcks, and stands near the Mouth of the Neister, [Borysthenes.]

Andaguaslas, Indians of Peru in America, be∣tween the Rivers Abanca and Xauxa.

Andaluzia, Vandalitia, a Kingdom in the South of Spain: bounded on the North with the Province of Estremadura and New Castile; on the East with the Kingdom of Granada; on the South with the Ocean and the Mediterranean, and on the West with the Atlantick Ocean and Algarve in Portugal: This is the most rich and fertile Country in all Spain The Moors erected in it two Kingdoms, that of Cor∣duba, and that of Sevil (Hispalis,) which were both re-conquered and added to Castile by Ferdinand II. in 1248. It is divided into two parts by the River Guadalquivir (Betis) and the chief City is Sevil.

New Andalusia, a Province of the Terra-firm•• in America, between Venezuela and Guiana. The chief City of it is new Corduba. They used to fish for Pearl upon those Coasts.

Anoanagar, a City in the Kingdom of Decan in the East-Indies, almost ruin'd.

Andance, Andancia, a small Town in Vivarets in Languedoc in France; where the River Dome falls into the Rhosne.

Andarge, a River arising in the Valleys of Ʋns••an in France, which falls into the Arron near Verneuill.

Andaye, a Town in France upon the frontiers of Spain, two Leagues from S. Jean de Luz.

Andeli, Andelium, Andeliacum, a Town in Nor∣mandy upon the Seine. Anthony of Bourbon King of Navarre and Father to Henry IV. dyed here of the Wounds he received at the Siege of Rouen.

An••e••••e, a River of France, arising hard by la Ferte, which falls into the Seine at l'Arche.

Andelot, a Town in Champagne in France, upon the River Rougn••n▪ of extraordinary Privileges.

Andema••n, the name of halt a dozen Islands in the Gulph of Ganges, near the Kingdom of Pegu, in the East-Indies.

Andera, a City of Phrygia in Asia Minor.

Anderna••, Antenacum, a Town upon the Rhine, in the Archbishoprick of Cologne.

Anderskaw or Andershouw, a great Monastery heretofore, now a strong Castle in the Island of See∣land in Denmark; delicately built. Here Frederick II. dyed, in 1548.

Andes, called by some the Cordillera's, is one of the vastest and highest Ridges of Mountains in the World: they begin in the North part of the King∣dom of Peru, and are continued from thence, with∣out any Interruption, to the Streights of Magellan by the space of 1000 Spanish Leagues: much of the same height, and seldom above 20, 30 or 40 Leagues from the Pacifick Ocean: many of them burn per∣petually towards Chili.

Andiatoroque, a Lake of New France in America

Andore, a fruitful Valley of the Pyranees in Ca∣talognia.

Andover, is a Corporation in the North-west part of the County of Hampshire, which sends Burgesses to Parliament, and gives the Title of a Viscount to the Honorable Earls of Berkshire, now in the Pos∣session of Tho. Howard: it is seated about 18 Miles from Southampton to the North-west.

Andra or A••dra, a River upon the Coast of Guinea in Africa.

Andragiri or Gudaviri, a City and Kingdom in the Island of Sumatra in Asia, almost under the Equino∣ctial.

Andres, Androsia, a City of Galatia near Engu∣ry, mention'd by Ptolomy.

S. Andrews, [Andreapolis,] a City of Fife in the South of Scotland, North of the Frith of Eden∣burgh, upon the German Ocean, into which it hath a fair Prospect, and upon which it hath a large Ha∣ven. The ancient name of this place was Regimund: it hath an University, erected by James I. An. Dom. 1426. It is also an Archbishops See, erected by Pope Sixtus IV. An. 1471. instead of Aberneath. The Archbishops of all Scotland were heretofore un∣der the Archbishop of York, till James III. of Scotland representing to the Pope that there were frequent Wars between England and Scotland, obtain'd from the said Pope, That the Archbishop of S. Andrew should be independent Primate of Scotland, in the twel••th year of his Reign: yet Innocentius VIII. who immediatly succeeded him, obliged this Pri∣mate and his Successors to observe the laudable Cu∣stoms of the famous Metropolitan Church of Canter∣bury. This City in 1651. not surrendring upon the first Summons, to our English victorious Rebels was sin'd Five hundred Pounds; but had it remitted upon shewing they were poor Scholars. It is 38 Miles from Edenburgh, to the North-east, and 23 from Aber∣neath to the East: it lies in Lon. 17. 28. Lat. 57. 46.

Andro, Andros, Andria, an Island in the Archi∣pelago, with a City of the same name, which is an Episcopal See under Athens, inhabited by Greeks, Latins and Turks. The Antients call this Island, Cauros, Lysia, Nonagria, and by several other names.

Androgynes, an antient People of Africa, com∣posed they say of both Sexes; their right Breast a Mans, the left a Womans. Pliny and Aristotle.

Androsen or Androsen, Androsa, a small Town in the County of Cunningham in Scotland, upon the Western Shoar.

Anduze, Andusa ad Gardonem, a Town in Lan∣guedoc in France, upon the River Gardon; hereto∣fore fortified; demolished by Lewis XIII.

Anenas or Andenas, an Island upon the Coast of Norway, Southward.

Anet, a Town in the Isle of France upon the River Eure, adorn'd with a Castle of extraordinary Magnifi∣cence, which was built in the Reign of Henry II. It gives the Title of a Principality to the Duke of Vendosme.

Angamala, a City in the Promontory of Mala∣bar, in the East-Indies, upon the River Aicot, as likewise a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Goa, till Pope Paul V. in 1609. changed it into the Archi∣episcopal See of Cranganor, and constituted that as Metrapolitan of the Christians of S. Thomas,

Angediva, a small Island under the Portuguese, in the Kingdom of Decan in the East-Indies.

Angeles, Angelepolis, or Puebla de los Angeles, a City in a Province of the same name, (otherwise called Tlascala by the Indians) in New Spain in A∣merica; built in 1531. by the Spaniards, who have established an Episcopal See in it under the Archbi∣shop of Mexico.

Angermund, vid. Tangermund.

Angers, Juliomagus, in Caesar Andes, is the Head of the Dukedom of Anjou, a large well built City, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tours. It is Seated on the River Sar••re, in a very good Air; and is also an University, founded by Lewis II. Duke of Anjou, the Son of King John of France, Anno 1388. This City is 26 Leagues from Tours towards the West, and within 1 League of the Loire. In 1685. Lewis XIV. established by his Letters Patents an Academy here of Thirty ingenious Persons, who are all to be born in the Province of Anjou, under the Title of the Royal Academy of Angers. The fa∣mous Berengarius was Arch-deacon here.

Angitia, the antient name of Selva d'Albi, a Forest between the City of Albi in Languedoc, and the Lake Fucinus.

Anglesey, Mona, called by the Welch, Mon or Tir-mon, and Anglesey from the English after they conquered it: it is compassed on all sides with the Irish Sea, which separates it from the County of Carnarvan in Wales, by so narrow a Channel, that in some places it may be forded at low Water: it is in compass sixty Miles, making one of the Counties of Wales, and the most fruitful. This Island was the Seat of the Brittish Druides, subdued for the Romans by Suetonius Paulinus, in the Reign of Nero; but he not being able to perfect the Con∣quest, Julius Agricola his Successor, did it effectu∣ally. Edward I. brought it in Subjection to the Crown of England in 1282, till which time it was under the Kings of North-Wales. The Right Ho∣norable Arthur Annesly, a great lover of Learning and Books, was lately Earl of this County.

Angola, a Kingdom in Africa, upon the South of the Kingdom of Congo.

Angote, a City and Kingdom in the Upper Ae∣thiopia.

Angoulesme, Engolisma, is an Episcopal City in Aquitaine in France, under the Archbishop of Bour∣deaux; it stands upon the River Charme, which falls into the Ocean right over against the Island of Orleron. There is belonging to it also a Dukedom which is bounded upon the North with Poictou, upon the East with Limosin, upon the South with Pericort, and upon the West with Xantogn. This Dukedom is call'd by the name of Angoumois.

Angra, the chief City of the Island of Tercera, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lisbon.

Anguien, Enguien, Angia, a small City in Hainault, between Mons and Brussels. It has the Honor to give the Title of a Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon.

Anguilla, is one of the Caribby Islands planted by the English: it lies in 18 deg. 21 min. Nor. Lat. and 330 of Longit. in length about 10 Leagues, in breadth 3. formerly call'd Snake Island, from its shape. The Tobacco of this Island is well esteemed.

Anguillara, a Town and Lake in the Padouan in the States of Venice. § Also a Town in the States of the Church, upon the Lake of Bracciano.

Anhalt, a City almost ruin'd, and a Principality, but little considerable, in the Upper Saxony in Ger∣many, watered by the River Sala. The House of An∣halt has possessed the Electorates of Brandenburgh and Saxony for several Ages.

Anian, a Streight, supposed to be between Asia and America, but could never yet be discovered where or whether there be any such Passage or no: It is thought to lie North of China and Japan, and to disjoyn the Ea∣stern part of Asia from the Western part of America.

Anian••u, a City in the Province of Chuqnami in China.

Aniava, Aniwa, a Promontory discovered by the Hollanders in the Terra de Jesso to the North of Ja∣pan.

Anigre, Anigrus, a River of the Morea.

Animacha, a River arising in the Kingdom of Cal∣lecutt in the East-Indies, which falls into the Ocean six Leagues off Cranagor, giving its Name to a Town in its way.

Anjou, Andegavia, is one of the noblest Duke∣doms of France: bounded on the East with La Be∣ausse, on the West with Britain and part of Poictou, on the South, in part by Berry, and in part by Poictou, in which Circumference are included Anjou, Tourein, and Maine. This Country is for the most part very fruit∣ful and pleasant, especially in Tourein, and along the Loire. Anjou, properly so call'd, is seated between Tou∣rein and Maine, and was so call'd from the Andegavi, the old Inhabitants of it. Henry II. King of England, was Earl of Anjou by Inheritance from his Father, as he was K. of England by Maud his Mother, Daughter to Henry I. King John, his Son, lost it; and ever since it has been annexed to the Crown of France, or given to the younger Sons of that Royal Family.

Anna. See Ana. The Name also of a Town up∣on the River Astan in Arabia deserta.

Annaberg, a City of Misnia in Germany upon the River Schop, near Marienberg.

Annacious, Annacieugi, a People of Brasil in America towards Porto Seguro.

Annagh, a Town in the County of Cavan in Ʋlster in Ireland. § Another in the County of Down.

Anneci, Annecium, a neat City in Savoy, with a Castle. It is the Capital of the Dukedom of Geneva, seated upon a Lake of the same name; where the River Tioud issueth out of the Lake at the foot of the Mountain Saymenoz: heretofore greater, but now it is little, and not well inhabited, tho the See of the Bishops of Geneva has been translated thither a∣bove 100 years. In this place resteth the Body of S. Francis de Sales, who was Bishop and Prince of Geneva, near the time of the Reformation of Calv•••• This City is 6 Leagues from Geneva, South.

Annibi, a Lake of North Tartary in Asia, where there are Mountains of the same name.

Annobon, an Island upon the Coast of Guiney, 10 Leagues in circuit towards the Isle of S. Thomas. The Portuguese gave it that name, because they dis∣covered it upon a New-Years Day.

Annonay, Annonaeum, Annoniacum, a City with the Title of a Marquisate in the Province of Viva∣rets in France, upon the River Deume.

Anone, Anonium, or Roque de Non, a Town in the Milanese in Italy upon the River Tana••••, al∣most ruin'd.

Anossi, Carcanossi, Androbeizaba, a Province of the Isle of Madagascar. There are some Colonies of French in it.

Anot, a small City of Provence in France.

Anoth, one of the Scilly Islands.

Anpadore, Cataractus, a River of Candia.

Ansa, a River in the Province of Friuli in Italy. It passes by Aqueleia to the Adriatique Ocean.

Anse, a small City in the Province of Lyennois in France. 4 Leagues from Lyons. Made a Roman Gar∣rison in the time of Augustus, who gave it the name of Antium.

Ansene, Angria, a small City in Aegypt, 20 Leagues from Cairo, near the Nile.

Ansianactes, a People of the Western part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Ansiquains, Ansicani, a People of Abyssinia, commended for their Fidelity and Honesty.

Anslo, or Opslo, Anslooa, a City of the Province of Aggerhuys in Norway, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Drontheim, seated upon a Bay of the same name, 35 Miles from the Baltick Sea, Northward: it has a Castle near it call'd Aggerhuslo. This City was miserably ruin'd by Fire, in the Reign of Christian IV. who rebuilt it in Anno 1614. and call'd it Christianstad from his own Name. In this City were celebrated the Nuptials of James I. King of England, with the Lady Ann, Daughter of Fre∣derick II. King of Denmark, Novemb, 23. 1589. It stands 56 German Miles from Stockholme, We••t.

Anspach. See Onspach.

Antavares, a People on the South part of the Isle of Madagascar. The French had settled themselves a∣mongst them, and were afterwards Massacred by them.

Ante, Anta, a River in Normandy which washeth the Town of Failaise, and 3 Leagues lower falls into the Dive, which last falls into the British Sea, 4 Leagues East of Caen.

Ante, Anta, a small Town and Port in Guiny in A∣frica, 3 Leagues from the Cape of Three Heads East.

Antego, one of the Caribby Islands plac'd in 16 d. 11. ••. of Northern Lat. and 339 of Long. inhabi∣ted by the English for some years, and is about 6 or 7 Leagues in length and breadth; difficult of Access, and not much stor'd with Springs, which the Inhabitants supply by Ponds and Cisterns.

Antequera, a small ill built City of New Spain in America, 80 Leagues from Mexico, which in 1535. was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico, by Pope Paul III. § Also a small Town in the Kingdom of Granada in Old Spain.

Antessa, Antissa, an antient City in the Island of Lesbos, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mitylene. Ovid speaks of it, as also the antient Geographers, under the notion of its being it self an Island in their times: whence some believe, that the Canal betwixt Lesbos and it, has, by degrees, filled up and united with the Island of Lesbos.

Antibes, a Town and Port in Provence in France, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop

of Ambrun; but the See is since transferred to la Grace. There is a Castle to it.

Anticyra, an Island of Thessalia, famous for its Hellebore.

Antifello, Antiphellus, an antient City of Lysia in Asia upon the Mediterranean, and sometime the See of a Bishop.

Antigonia, the capital City of the Province of Chaonia in Epirus: Heretofore considerable. § An∣other of Macedonia. § Also an Island discovered by the Portuguese near the Island of S. Thomas.

Antilaban, an inhabited Mountain in Syria over against Mount Libanus.

Antilles, the same with the Caribby Islands.

Antinoe, Antios, Antinopolis, a City of Aegypt, 6 Leagues from the Nile, and heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Thebes. It had Twelve Religious Houses in it for Women in the time of Palladius. Now utterly ruin'd.

Antioch, Antiochia, call'd by the Turks Antachia; by the Arabians, Anthakia. It was built by Se∣leucus, the Son of Antiochus King of Syria, one of the Successors of Alexander the Great, and call'd af∣ter his Fathers Name. This City was, during the times the Greeks and Romans were possessed of it, the Capital of Syria, or rather of the East; here the Disciples and Followers of our Saviour Jesus Christ were first called Christians; and accordingly, the Bishop of this City was accounted the Third Patri∣arch of the World, Rome being the First, and Alex∣andria the Second: others count it the Second Pa∣triarchate. As it had these great Honors, so it was excellently built, strongly fortified both by Art and Nature, and very Populous, till it fell into the hands of the Arabians, Mamalucks and Turks, who have made it desolate, and suffer'd all its stately, and most of its common Buildings, to fall into decay. June 3. 1098. it was recovered by the Christians, but in 1188. it was again betrayed into the hands of the Ma∣hometans, who have been the Masters of it ever since: it is incompassed with a double Wall, one of Stone and the other of Brick, with 460 Towers within the Walls: the greatest part of these Walls remain with a most impregnable Castle at the East end of the City, but almost all the Houses are falling down; so that the Patriarch has remov'd his Dwelling to Damascus. This City is built on both sides of the River Orontes over which there was a Bridge. It stands about 12 Miles from the Mediterranean, the River Pharpar passing on the South side of it. This place is called in the Prophets, Ri••lah, and was memorable in those times for the Tragedies of ••e∣c••nias and Zedechias, Kings of Judah. It stands a∣bout 20 Miles from Scanderone, South, and 22 from Aleppo: in 68. d. 10. m. Long. and 36. 20. Lat.

Antiochia Ciliciae, was a City of Asia the Less in Cilicia, a Bishops See, seated upon the River Pyra∣mus; but what it is now is not known.

Antiochia Meandri, See Tachiali.

Antiochia Comagenae, was a City and a Bishops See at the foot of Mount Taurus in Syria, between Anazarbe and Antioch upon the Euphrates. Some say it still retains its name.

Antioch upon the Euphrates. This City is men∣tioned by Pliny, and upon the reverse of a Medal of the Emperor Severus. Perhaps the same with that which the Syrians call Arados in Stephanus; who re∣counts 10 others of this name, of less importance: the places of Situation are now unknown.

Antiochia in America, a small City in the King∣dom of Popayan in the South America, 15 Leagues from S. Foy.

Antiochia Pisidiae, mention'd Acts 13. 14. was afterwards an Archbishops See; but it is now a mean Village, and called by the Turks Versacgeli, or as o∣thers say Antachio: it is distant from Iconium 60 Miles North-West, from Ephesus 160 East.

Antipatride, Antipatris, a City of Palestine, built by Herod the Great, and so call'd in Honor of Antipater his Father. Baldwin I. King of Jerusa∣lem took it in 1101. and erected the Church into an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Caesarea: in 1265. the Saracens took it again and have quite ru∣ined it. It stood 6 Leagues from Joppe.

Antiscoti, or the Isle of Assumption, an Isle in the Gulph of S. Lawrence in New France in America, where the French have establish'd some Colonies.

Antium, Antio Rovinato, an ancient City of Italy, the Capital of the Volsci; Famous in the Roman times for a Temple consecrated to Fortune: Some∣time also a Bishops See, but since ruined by the Saracens.

Antivari, Antibarum, a Metropolitan City of Dalmatia, seated upon a Mount upon the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea, under the Dominion of the Turks. The Archbishop of this City had 9 suffragan Bishops under him▪ it is distant from Budoa West, and Dol∣cingo East, 10. Miles; from Scutari South, 18 Miles.

Antongil, a Bay and Country in the Northern part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Antrim, the most Northern County in the Pro∣vince of Ʋlster in Ireland; divided into 9 Baronies, which are bounded on the East by S. Georges Chan∣nel, on the the West by the River Banne, that parts it from London-Derry; on the North the Deucalido∣nian Ocean, on the South the County of Down. The chief Town is Carrick-fergus.

Antron, an antient Town of Thessalia. The Asses of this Country were said to be prodigiously great, whence the Proverb Asinus Antronius, for a very ignorant Person.

Antros, a small Island at the Mouth of the Garonne, on the Coast of Guienne in France, where stands the celebrated Tour de Cordovan, to light the Vessels that go to Bordeaux.

Antwerp, Anversa, called by the French, Anvers; by the Germans, Antorf, is a City of the Low Coun∣tries in the Dukedom of Brabant, upon the River Scheld. It is a large and beautiful City, and was a∣bout 100 years since, the most populous and best traded City in all those Provinces; and in 1559. was made a Bishops See, by Paul IV. In 1569. the Duke de Alva built here a strong Castle. In 1576. the Hollanders plundred it. In 1585. the Duke of Parma reduc'd it under the Dominion of the Spani∣ard again, in whose hands it now is: but all these Mutations, and the building of Forts upon the River by the Hollanders, has reduced much of its antient Glory, and it is now decaying. Abraham Ortelius, a learned Geographer, who was born here, has de∣scribed this City at large, as also Lewis Guicciardin, in his Description of the Low Countries. It stands 10 Miles from Ghant, and as many from Brussels.

Anzerma, or S. Anna d' Anzerma, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in America.

Aoaxe, a River of Abissinia in Africa; it riseth in the Borders of the Provinces of Xao and Oggo, and being augmented with the Streams of Machi, it runs Eastward through the Kingdom of Adel; the Capital of which, Avea Guerela, being watered by it, it falls into the Gulph of Arabia.

Aonia, a mountainous Country of Baeotia in Greece with a River of the same Name:

Aorna, Aornus, a City of Bactria and a very strong rocky Castle in the Indies, both taken hereto∣fore by Alexander the Great. § Also a River of Ar∣cadia, and a certain contagious Lake of Epirus, and a Lake in Italy, mention'd by Virgil.

Aouste, Augusta praetoria, a City and Dukedom of Piedinont: It is an Episcopal See under the Arch∣bishop of Tarantaise, and a part of the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy: it stands in a mountainous, but fruitful Soil; at the foot of the Grecian Alpes, upon the River Doria, where it receives the River Bauteg∣gio, which do both fall into the Po. This City was a Roman Colony, call'd by Pliny, Italiae Limes, the Frontier of Italy. It is 50 Miles from Turin, East. S. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born here.

Apalaches, Apalachites, Indians of Florida, dwelling in several distinct Provinces near the Moun∣tains of Apala••ai. Their capital City is Melitot in the Province of Bemarin. Their King resides there, who acts the Sovereign over all the Chiefs of the other Provinces.

Apaches, a numerous People of New Mexico in A∣merica, divided by the Spaniards into four sorts of Na∣tions, the Country is so vast where they live, and For∣tified with Castles upon the Mountains.

Apamea, See Hamen.

Apamea C••lene, a City and an Archbishops See in Phrygia, of good Antiquity; now little inhabited, and almost ruin'd. The Turks call it Miarlea. § Al∣so two other Cities in Mesopotamia; one upon Tigris, and one upon the Euphrates.

Apantum, a Province of the Terra firma in America.

Ap••r••••, a Province of Peru in America, near the River of Amazons.

Apennino, Apenninus, a known and very great Chain of Mountains, which divide Italy into two parts: it is 700 Miles long, and begins at the Maritim Alpes, and extends itself to the utmost bounds of Calabria; where one Branch of them ends at Capo dell' Arme, 12 Miles East of Reggio; and the other Branch at Ca∣po di Santa Maria in Apulia, at the Mouth of the Gulph of Venice. In all this long Course there is on∣ly the River Offanto (Aufidus) that crosseth it near the City Conza. It has divers names given it in several places.

Apenrade, Apenrora, a little City of South Jutland, in the Dukedom of Sleswick, near the Baltick Sea; it belongs to that Duke with the adjacent Territory, and is distant from Hader Sleven, South, 3 Danish Miles. It has a large Haven, secured from the South-East Wind by the Island of Alsen.

Apetous, Apetubae, a People of Brasil in America.

Aphace, a place in Palestine, Dedicated sometime to the Worship of Venus in all maner of Luxury.

Aphet••s, an antient City of the Province of Mag∣nesia in Thessaly, upon the Gulph now called del Vallo.

Aphrodisium, a Cape now call'd Cap de Creuz, upon the Mediterranean, near Rosas in Catalogna.

Aphytis, an antient City of Thrace, heretofore fa∣mous for a Temple of Apollo.

Apina, an antient City of Puglia in Italy, long since ruin'd.

Apiola, an antient City of Italy. Taken by Tarquin.

Apodisia, Aphrodisias, a City of Caria in Asia Mi∣nor; heretofore a Bishops-Sée, under the Archbishop of Stauropolis. And the Birth-place of Alexander Aphrodisaeus; now almost Ruin'd.

Appenzel, Abbatiscella, a very rich Burrough in Switzerland, and the Head of the last of the Cantons, it not joyning with them till 1513. It has its Name from this Town, and was once a part of the Jurisdicti∣on of the Abby of S. Gall. It is seated at the Rise of the River Sintra; distant from Curia 12 French Leagues, from Zurich 6 German Miles Eastward. The Inhabitants of this Canton are mix'd, of the Protestant and Romish Religion.

Appleby, Aballaba, the County Town of West∣morland, almost incompassed with the River Eden; an antient Roman Town, and the Station of the Aure∣lian Moors. It has a pleasant Situation, being built upon the easie Ascent of a rising Hill; with only one Street, and that not mightily inhabited: yet for the great Antiquity of it, the Assizes and Sessions are kept here; and it has the right of sending two Burgesses to the Parliament. William, King of Scotland, surprized this Town, but King John soon after recovered it again.

Appledore, a Market-Town in Kent, in the Hund∣red of Scray Lath, upon the River Rother.

Apollonia Mygdonia. See Serres

Apollonia in Polinam. See Pollina.

Apollonia Magna, Anthium, now call'd Sissopoli, is a City in a small Island in the Euxine Sea, near Thrace. Heretofore a Colony of the Milesians, and had a Temple to Apollo in it. § The same Name was born by a City upon Mount Athos in Macedonia, and now call'd Erissos; by two others in the Island of Crete; by four in Asia Minor; by one in Palestine, near Joppe; one in Syria, near Haman; one in Caelesyria; one in Egypt; besides others, of which we have nothing extant.

Aprio, Apros, Apri, a City of Thrace, and some∣time an Archiepiscopal See, under the Patriarch of Constantinople; so beloved by the Emperour Theodo∣sius, that it was also call'd Theodosiopolis from him.

Apte, Apta, Julia, a City and Bishoprick in Pro∣vence upon the River Calavone, at the foot of the Mountains. This Bishop is a Suffragan to the Arch∣bishop of Aix: it is a small place, distant from Avig∣non 9 Miles to the East.

Aptera, Apteron, Atteria, a City in the Island of Crete.

Apuies, Apui, Indians of Brasil in America.

Apulia, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples, bounded with Abruzzo on the East, with Terra di O∣tranto, and the Adriatick Sea on the North; and on the South with Calabria. The Italians do call this commonly Puglia, as the French call it Poui••••e.

Apulia Daunia, is that part of Puglia which lieth next to Abruzzo, from which it is parted by the River Fortore; and so extendeth Eastward as far as the River Lofanto, where it meets with Peucetia.

Apulia Peucetia, extendeth from the Banks of Lofanto to the Land of Otranto, East.

Apurima, a River of Peru in America, arising at the foot of the Andes, from whence it passeth to Cusco and falls into the Xauxa, after a course of 60 Leagues.

Apuro••aca, Capera Vaca, or Piragua, a great Ri∣ver in Guiana in America.

Aqua Dolce, Glecinero, Athiras, a River of Thrace falling into the Propontis by Selivrea.

Aquapendente. See Acquapendente.

Aqua-sparta, a small City in the Dukedom of Spo∣leto in Italy, upon a Hill, giving the Title of a Dutchy to a noble Family.

Aqua Uiva, and Aqua Via, a Town in the Pro∣vince of Bars, in the Kingdom of Naples; giving its Name to an illustrions Family in that Kingdom.

Aqui, and Aquita, a City and Province in the Island of Niphonia, belonging to Japan.

Aquigires, Aquigirae, Indians of Brasil in Ame∣rica, towards the Praefecture of S. Esprit.

Aquila, the chief City of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples. It is a Bishops See, once under the Arch∣bishop of Chieti, but now exempted from his Jurisdi∣ction: seated on a Hill, and has a strong Castle in it; the River Pescara flows near it▪ it is 60 Miles distant from Rome, to the South-East.

Aquileja, is call'd by the French Aquilee, by the Germans Aglar, and Aglareu: a Patriarchal City of Italy; in antient times very great, and one of the prin∣cipal Cities of Italy, the Residence of some Emperours. In 452. Attila, King of the Huns, took and destroy∣ed it, after a Siege of 3 Years: after this, being rebuilt by Narsetes, it was again Burnt and Ruin'd by the Lombards in 590. and was after this rebuilt by Popon••, Patriarch of it. In antient times it was under the tem∣poral

Jurisdiction of these Patriarchs; but being after∣wards taken by the Dukes of Austria, it remains to this day in their hands. It is now almost desolate, by reason of its bad Air, troublesom Rubbish and Ruins, and the Vicinity of Venice, which draws all Trade from it. This City lies between the River Isonzo to the East, and Ansa to the West; and is not above 9 Miles di∣stant from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea on the North. It lies in 36. 10. Long. and 45. 45. Lat.

Aquino, Aquinum, a very antient City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples: a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capona, and heretofore a Ro∣man Colony. Almost Ruin'd, and little consiberable now, but for its being the Birth-place of S. Thomas Aquinas, as formerly of the Poet Juvenal.

Aquisgrana, Aquisgranum. See Aix la Chapelle.

Aqutaine, Aquatania, a third Part of the antient Gaul, supposed to be so call'd from the abundance of its Waters. The Emperour Augustus divided it in∣to Prima and Secunda, including within both, Bor∣deaux, Agne, Angoulesme, Xaintes, Poitiers, Peri∣gueux, Bourges, Clermont, Rodes, Albi, Cahors, Li∣moges, Mende, and Puy. Whereunto the Emperour Adrian added a third Province, by the Name of No∣vempopulonia. See Gascoigne. This Country con∣tinued in Obedience to the Roman Empire, till Hono∣rius about the Year 412. yielded part thereof▪ to A∣thaulfe, King of the Goths, whose Successours took occasion thereupon to Usurp the whole. About the Year 630. it came into the Possession of the Crown of France entirely: The Gascoigners soon revoulted, gi∣ving to Eudos their Leader, the Title of Duke of A∣quitain; which brought on a War that was not ended till the powerful Reign of Charles the Great. In 778. Charles the Great erected Aquitaine into a Kingdom, in the Person of Lewis the Debonnaire his Son. It con∣tinued a Kingdom about 100 Years, and then broke into particular Fiefs and Hereditaments. In 1152. it came to the Crown of England, as Dukes of Aquitaine, in the right of Eleanor Wife to Henry II. For its fortunes since, see Gascoigne.

Arabia, is a very large Country in Asia: having on the North Syria and Diarbechia; upon the East the Persian Gulph, and the Streights of Basor, by which it is separated from Persia; on the South it has the Arabian Sea, and on the West the Red Sea, which cuts it off in great part from Africa. The Southern and Eastern parts, which are the greatest, are well cultivat∣ed; but the Northern is for the most part barren and sandy, having but few Inhabitants or Cities, by reason of the vast Desarts, barren Mountains, and want of Wa∣ter. It is all under Princes of its own, except a small part of Arabia Petraea, in which the Turks have some few Forts. This vast Country is divided into three Parts, viz. The Desart, The Happy, and The Stony.

Arabia Deserta, (the Desart) is the least part of all the three, and lies most North: call'd by the Asia∣ticks Berii Arabistan; bounded on the South by the Mountains of Arabia the Happy, on the East by the Province of Iraca, heretofore Chaldea; upon the North by Diarvechia, from which it is separated by the River Euphrates; upon the West by Syria, the Holy Land, and Arabia the Stony.

Arabia Foelix, (the Happy) is the greatest of all the three parts, and lies extended to the South and East: it is call'd by the Inhabitants Jemen, and is encompass'd on all sides by the Sea, except towards the North, where it bounds upon the other two Arabia's. There are in this part many Kingdoms and great Cities, the Soil being fruitful, and the Country not easie to be in∣vaded by the neighbour Nations, by reason of its Situation.

Arabia Petraea, (the Stony) lies more West, and is call'd by the Turks Dase-lik Arabistan, or as others say, Baraab Arabistan by the Natives: it is bounded on the North by the Holy Land, and part of Syria; on the East by Arabia Deserta in part, and by Arabia Foelix in part, as also on the South; and on the West it has the Red Sea and Egypt. Two things have made these Countries known to all the World, The wander∣ing of the Children of Israel 40 Years, in the first; and the Birth of that great Deceiver Mahomet, in the latter of these three Parts.

Aracu••es, a People of Chili, which are the most Warlike of all the Americans.

Arach, Parthia, a Province of the Kingdom of Persia.

Arach, Petra, the chief City of Arabia Petraea, once the capital City of Moab, and then call'd Rabath; afterwards an Archbishops See, under the Patriarch of Jerusalem, being taken from the Patriarch of Alexandria; it was also once call'd Cyriacopolis, and Mons Regalis; by some now, Krach: it stands upon the Confines of Pa∣lestine, near the Brook Zareth, and lies in 66. 45. Long. and 30. 20. Lat.

Arad, Caucasus, is a Mountain of Asia, which the Fable of Prometheus has made very well known. It is that part of Mount Taurus which lies betwixt the Euxine or Black Sea on the West, and the Caspian Sea on the East; including the Mengrelians (Coraxicos) Caitachians (Heniochos) and the Achaeans (Achaeos.) It is continued also amongst the Asiatick Tartars, as far as to the Cimmerian Bosphorus, now commonly call'd Cocas. This Mountain is very high, and always covered with Snow. It is call'd by Hayton, the Ar∣menian Cochias; by others Albsor; by Niger, Ada∣zer; by Circassians, Salatto; and by the French, le mont de Circassie.

Aradus, an Island and City of Phaenicia in the Syrian Ocean over against Tortosa: sometime the Seat of a Bishop, till it fell under the Tyranny of the Turks.

Arafat, a Mountain within a League or two of Mecca in Arabia. On the top of it there is a Mosque, whither the Mahometan Pilgrims repair tofinish their Devotions, after their performance of the Ceremonies of Mecca. It is the same, they say, that Abraham would have Sacrificed his Son Isaac upon: in Commemoration whereof, before they part, they kill some Sheep in the Valley of Mina below; and what they present not a∣mongst their Friends, they distribute to the Poor, by the name of Corban, that is, their Oblation.

Aragon. See Arragon.

Arais, Araxes. See Achlar.

Arakil-Uanc, a Celebrated Village and Monastery at the foot of Ararat in Armenia, in great esteem a∣mongst the People there; who believe it to be the place where Noah, after the Deluge, retired to offer his Sacrifices of Thanksgiving to God for his miraculous Preservation.

Aran, Arania, is a very fruitful Vale in Aquitain ••n France, which lies between the Pyrenean Hills and the County de Bigorre, of which it was a part tiil 1192. when Alphonsus, King of Arragon, seised on it (as Peter de Marca saith) and annexed it to the Kingdom of Arragon, tho it lies on the French side of the Pyrae∣nei. In this Vale riseth the River Garonne, one of the greatest in France; and there are in it 33 Castles or Villages, of which Viella is the chief.

Aranios, Aranus, a River of Transylvania arising near Clausenberg, and afterwards falling into the Ma∣sh.

Ararat, Arat, by the Armenians call'd Mesesou∣sar, or the Mountain of the Ark, by the Persians Agri; is a part of the Caspian Mountains near Erivan in Ar∣menia, and the most renowned of all others, for su∣staining the Ark of Noah, after the Universal Deluge. It exceeds in height Caucasus and Taurus, carrying its head into the temperate Region, whilst some of the lower part of it is covered with continual Snow. E∣very 5 Leagues upwards, the Christians have built a lit∣tle Hermitage, where the curious Traveller may be re∣freshed. They will tell you there is a Cell, and ordi∣narily

a Hermite in it, upon the highest Top, who lives as a Recluse for his Life. But the story of Noah's Ark remaining uncorrupted and entire to this day, by rea∣son of the temperature of the Air, which the said Her∣mite shews you, I suppose is grounded upon as good an Authority.

Arasch, a Town and Port in the Province of Asgar in the Kingdom of Fez: fortified with a strong Wall and a Castle.

Arauco, a City, River, and Valley, in the Kingdom of Chili in America. The Natives had maintain'd a War against the Spaniards above 100 Years, before a Peace was made in 1650.

Araxai, Araxius, a River of Brasil in America, which falls into the Mongagombe in the Province of Pairaba.

Araxes. See Achlar.

Arba, or Arbee, a Town in Palestine, call'd in Scripture Hebron and Mamre, being the Sepulture of the Patriarchs. § Also an Island and City, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Zara, in the A∣driatique Ocean, upon the Coast of Dalmatia.

Arbela, an antient City of Sicily. The People thereof were stupid to a Proverb.

Arbelles, a Town in Assyria upon the River Lycus; where Alexander M. entirely defeated Darius the Third time, in the 423 Year of Rome, and 331 be∣fore the coming of our Saviour.

Arbogen, or Arbo, a Town upon the River of the same name, in the Province of Westmania in Sweden.

Arbon, Arborfoelix, a City of Switzerland under the Bishop of Constance.

Arboriches, the antient People of the Province of Zeland in Holland.

Arbois, a Town in the Franche▪ County, famous for the good Wines it yields.

Arc, or L'Arc, a little River of Provence in France, which passes by Aix to the Berre.

Arcadia, Pelasgia, an antient Province of Pelopo∣nesus, (or the Morea) now call'd by the Turks Tzaconia, with a City of the same name. In the Year of Rome 386, the Lacedemonians gave the People of this Coun∣try a bloody Overthrow; by reason their Sacrilege in Pillaging the Temple of Jupiter Olympius had contracted upon them the hatred of all Greece. § Al∣so the Name of a City heretofore famous in the Island of Crete, with a Suffragan Bishops See thereto. The Gulph of Arcadia is the same with Cyparissus Sinus of the antients.

Arcani, Apsarus, a River of the Mengrelians, which riseth from the Mountains of Chielder in Armenia Ma∣jor; and running Northward, falls into the Euxine Sea at Arcani, a Town of Mengrelia, seated upon the Sea between Trapezunt, (from which it is distant 150 Miles), and Phazzeth a City of Mengrelia.

Arcas, a small Town in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain. Heretofore a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Toledo; but united to that of Cuenca, by P. Luci∣us III. at the request of Alphonsus IX. King of Castile.

Arce. The same with Petra in Arabia Deserta.

Arch-Angel, is a very famous Sea-Port in the North of Muscovy, in the Province of Dwina, upon the Ri∣ver Dwin; which near this place is divided into two Branches, making the Island of Podesmeske, and then falling into the White-Sea, 6 German Miles beneath this City. The passage by Sea to this City was first sound out by one Richard Chandler, an English-man, in the Year 1554, or near that time, before which the Muscovites had no Communication with these parts of the World, excepting by the Baltick Sea, by Narva, and Poland: accordingly, the English were at first treated with great Kindness by the Princes of Muscovy, and in the Year 1569, obtain'd from Basilovits, the Emperour of Muscovy, that none but the English should Trade here; but since that, the Dutch, Danes, and Swedes, have had their share; and Arch-Angel, which when it was discover'd was a Village, is now be∣come a rich and populous City. This City lies in 64d. of lat.

Archidona, a Town in Andaluzia in Spain. § Al∣so a small City of Peru in America.

Archipelago, Archipelagus, mare Aegaeum, is a part of the Mediterranean Sea, which lies between Greece, the Lesser Asia, and the Isle of Creet: this Sea is stored with an innumerable Shoal of small Islands; and by Allusion, late Writers have for that reason given the same names to divers other Seas in the East and West-Indies; as Archipel de S. Lazare, des Maldives, du Chiloe, de Mexico, &c.

Arcissa, Arcisso, the Lake of Van. See Van.

Arcklow, is a small Town, with a County belong∣ing to it, in the Province of Leinster in Ireland: seat∣ed upon the Irish Sea, 31 Miles South of Dublin; and deserves the rather to be mentioned, because it belongs to the Noble and Loyal Family of the Dukes of Or∣mond, who are Barons of it.

Arcuevil, a spruce Village within a League of Paris. its proper Name is Arc-Julien, which was given it by Julian the Apostate, in Commemoration of the A∣queducts he made here, whilst he sejour'd at Paris, in the Years 357, and 360.

Ardaschat, Artaxata, a City of Armenia, upon the Confines of the Territory of Erivan: where are to be seen the rests of the magnificent Palace of Tyri∣dates, call'd by the Inhabitants Tact-terdat, or the Throne of Tyridate.

Ardagh. There are Four Towns in Ireland of this Name; the 1st. in the County of Letrim; 2d in the County of East-Meath; 3d. in the County of Long∣ford; and the 4th. in the County of Cork.

Ard bracan, a small Town in the County of East-Meath in Munster in Ireland.

Ardea, a City heretofore of Italy, the capital of Ru∣tilij, and antienter than Rome: Now a Village of small consideration.

Ardevil, Ardevila, a Town in the Province of Ser∣van in the Kingdom of Persia, about 20 Leagues from the Caspian Sea. It is a large City, but not Wall'd; remarkable for its being able to shew the Sepulchres of many of the Kings of Persia; and in the Year 1618, the Turks and Persians fought near this place a dread∣ful Battle; the Persians getting the Victory with a vast loss, which ended in a speedy Peace, offered by the Vi∣ctors, and accepted by the Turks. Brietius.

Ardee, Ardea, a River of Normandy, which falls into the British Sea at Auranches, near the Limits of the Dukedom of Britain.

Ardee, or Atherdee, a small Market-Town in the County of Louth in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland. King James II. lay encamped upon the Plains here, with an Army of 20000 Men, whilst the Duke of Schomberg and his Forces were so strongly entrench'd at Dundalk: who not accepting of a Battle, when it was presented by King James; both the Armies reti∣red soon after, without fighting, into their Winter Quarters, November 1689.

Ardembourg, or Rodenbourg, Ardenburgum, a Town in Flanders. Taken by the Hollanders in 1604. One League from Sluys.

Ardennes, Ardenna Sylva, call'd by the Germans Ardenner-waldt, and Luitticher-waldt, is the greatest Forest in all the Low-Countries; it reacheth above 100 Miles in length; as this day extending itself through the Dukedom of Luxemburgh, the Bishoprich of Liege▪ the South part of Henalt, and to the Borders of Cham∣paign; it is taken notice of by Cesar and Tacitus.

Ardes, a Tract in the County of Down in Ʋlster in Ireland, upon the Lake of Coin, in the form almost of a Peninsula.

Ardesche, a River of the Province of Vivarets in France. It passes by Aubenas to the Rhosne, into

which it discharges itself near S. Esprit, and separates▪ Languedoc from Vivarets.

Ardfeart, a Town in the County of Kerry in the Province of Munster in Ireland.

Ardila, a River of Spain, whichriseth in Andaluzia, and dischargeth itself into the Guadiana, below the Ci∣ty of Olivenza in Portugal.

Ardmonack, is a Territory in the County of Rosse in Scotland, belonging to the Royal Family of Scot∣land. Charles I. as second Son to King James I. had the Title of Baron of Armonack, given him at two year of Age.

Ardrach, a Town in the County of Longford in the Province of Connaught in Ireland.

Ardres, Ardra, is a little, but well fortified, Town in the County of Guienne in Picardy in France: it stands in the Marshes, in the Borders of Artois, three Leagues from Calis toward the South, and a little more from Gravelin. Francis I. and Henry VIII. King of England, had an enterview with each other near this Town, in 1520. Both Courts appearing so magnifi∣cent, that they call'd the place, a Field of Cloth of Gold. In 1596 Cardinal Albret took it for the Spaniards, who did not keep it long. § Also the Name of a King∣dom and City in Guiney in Africa.

Ardret, Ardrathen, or Ardrat, Ardatum, a City, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Armagh in the County of Kerry in Ireland.

Are, Arus, a River of York-shire. It arises upon the Borders of Lancashire, and falls into the Ouse be∣low York.

Arembourg, Areburium, a Town of the lower Ger∣many, lately adorn'd wiah the Title of a Principality: it lies between Colen to the North, and Treves to the South, upon the River Aer. 7 German Miles from Juliers, to the South, and 4 from the Rhine, West.

Arequipa, one of the most considerable Cities of Peru in America, upon the River Chila, 7 Leagues from the South Sea; 70 from Cusco. And a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lima, with a commodi∣ous Port. It is made rich by the Silver Mines of the Andes, that are found within 14 Leagues of it. In 1582. an Earthquake (as the Country here is very sub∣ject to them) almost shook it to peices. In 1600, the Vulcano which stands by it, broke out into terrible Flames. They did use to bring the Treasure of Potosi hither; but the difficulty of the Road has driven them to Arica.

Arestinga, Liba, an Island in the Indian Ocean, towards the Provinces of Kherman and Dulcinca, in Persia.

Arethusa, a City of Syria, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Apamea. § Another in Ma∣cedonia, by some call'd Taino and Renina, upon the Bay of Contessa. § Also a Lake in Armenia Ma∣jor, near the source of the River Tigris.

Arezzo, Aretium, a City, and a Bishops See, imme∣diately under the Pope, in Tuscany in Italy. Famous in the time of the old Romans.

Arg, Argus, a River of Swabia in Germany. Pas∣sing by Wangen, it afterwards falls into the Lake of Constance:

Argan, a Town in New Castile in Spain. A Coun∣cil here held in 1473, enjoyns every Bishop to say Mass thrice, and simple Priests four times at least a year; and that none be preferred to Ecclesiastical Dignities, who understand not Latin. It seems the Learning and Devotion of that age went toutes par la main.

Argens, Argenteus, a River of Provence in France. It arises from three several Sources; then falls into the Ocean near Frejus.

Agentan, Argentomum, Argentomagum, a City of Normandy in France, upon the Ʋrne.

Argenten, a Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France, upon the Creuse.

Argentor, a River in the Province of Angoumois in France, falling into the Charente at Porsac.

Argentrevil, Argentolium, a small Town three Leagues from Paris. There is a Priory in it, depen∣dent of the Abby of St. Denis.

Argile, Argathelia, a very large County in the Western parts of the Kingdom of Scotland, upon the West of Dunbritaine Frith. This was the first Coun∣try the Scots who came out of Ireland possess'd them∣selves of, as is shewn by Camden out of Bede. First also made a County or Earldom by James II. King of Scotland, who invested Colin, Lord Campbell, with the Title of Earl of Argile, in regard of his own, and of the worth of his Family, which is deriv'd from the antient Princes of this Country. They have also, (saith Camden) been made Lords of Lorn, and for a good while General Justices of Scotland: but the two last Earls were unfortunate.

Anginuses, an Island of Greece, where the Athe∣nians under Conon, obtained a great Victory over the Lacedemonians, in the Year of Rome 347.

Argipeeni, an antient People of Sarmatia. They never would go to War with their Neighbours.

Arglas, is a small Town in the Province of Ʋlster, in the County of Down in Ireland, with a Haven be∣longing to it. The Lord Cromwel of Oakham is Earl of this place.

Argonne, a Territory, part in Champagne, and part upon the Borders of Loraine in France. Beau∣mont and Clermont stand in it.

Argos, the antient capital City of a Kingdom of the same name in the Morea, now call'd the Province of Romania. This Kingdom was Founded by Inachus contemporary with Moses, or 346 years before him, in Eusebius's Calculation. It continued 546 Years; then changed into a Republick, which maintain'd several Wars with the Grecians. The City has been first an Episcopal, and next an Archiepiscopal See. In 1383, the Venetians bought it. In 1463▪ the Turks took it. In 1686. General Morosini reduced it under the Vene∣tians again.

Argos, Amphilogium, was a City of Epirus, ruin'd long ago. § There was another of the Name in Thessalia in Macedonia, call'd now Armiro.

Argow, one of the four parts of Switzerland, taking its name from the River Arg, upon the Borders of Constance.

Arguin, [Arguinum] a small Island, with a Fort upon it, belonging to the Hollanders, upon the Coast of Nigritia. This Fort was built by the Portugals in 1455. Taken from them by the Hollanders in 1633. Taken from the Hollanders by the English, of late Years; and it was again taken and ruin'd by the French in 1678; and is now again under the Hollander. It lies in the Atlantick Ocean, upon the Coast of the King∣dom of Gualata, about, or in 20 d. of Northern Lat.

Arhon, Asopus, a River of the Morea, falling into the Gulph of Corinth.

Arhusen, Arhusia, a City of Denmark, in the Dukedom of Jutland, upon the Baltick Sea: it is a Bishops See, under the Archbis••op of Lunden, seated upon the River Gude; 10 Miles South of Alburg, 2 West from the Island of Fuinen, and about 26 North of Lubeck. This City was taken, and severely treated by the Swedes in 1644. but is since that in the Pos••es∣sion of the Danes again.

Aria, an antient Province and City of Persia. The one is now call'd Chorasan, the other Herat or Serat.

Ariano, Arianum, a City in the further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento, giving the Title of a Duke.

Ariano, upon the Po, is a small City in the Ferra∣rez in Italy, and Capital of a Territory call'd Polesin•• di Ariano, upon the Borders of the States of Venice.

Arica, a Port in the Kingdom of Peril, in the Province de los Charcas, where they ship the Silver brought from Potosi. It is a small Town, but has a capacious Haven, and a strong Castle, distant from La Plata to the South-East, and from Cusco to the South, 80 Leagues.

Ariccia, or la Riccia, was heretofore a conside∣rable Town in the Campagna di Roma in Italy, upon a Lake of the name, now called lago di Nemi. It has since become a small Village, yet gives the Title of a Duke.

Ariel, a River of the Precopensian Tartars, which falls into the Nieper, (Borysthenes) below Terki.

Arieni, an antient People of Germany. Another in Asia, whom the Gauls reduced.

Arima, a Town and Port of Japan, in the King∣dom of Ximo or Sa••cok. The Infidels have extirpa∣ted the Christians thence.

Arimaspi, an antient People of Sarmatia Euro∣paea.

Ariminum. See Rimini.

Arimoa, an Island discovered by the Hollanders in 1618. near New Guiney, betwixt Moa and Schouten.

Arles, Arelas, a City and Archbishoprick in Pro∣vence of France, upon the Rhone. In this place there was celebrated a great Council of the Western and African Bishops, by the Order of Constantine the Great, in the Year 312, or as Cabasutius saith, in 314. that is, about 16 years before the General Council of Nice; and there has been several others held in aftertimes in the same Place. This City was once made the Head of a Kingdom, which had Kings of its own from the Year 879. to 1032. sometimes call'd the Kingdom of Arles, and sometimes of Bur∣gundy beyond the J••ur. (Jurana) It is seated on the left side the River Rhone, over which there is a Timber Bridge, 12 Leagues from Marseilles to the West. The Academy established here in 1669▪ and the grand Obelisk of Roman work erected in 1677▪ ought not to be forgotten.

Arlington, a little Village in Middlesex, between Harlington and Shepeston; which being the Birth∣place of the Right Honorable Henry Bennet, he was by Charles II. created Baron of Arlington, the 14th. of March 1664▪ and Earl of the same the 22d of April 1672. sworn Lord Chamberlain of the Hous∣hold to King Charles II. Sept. 11. 1674. and died in the first Year of the Reign of King James II. in great Honor and Esteem.

Arlon, Arlun, Arlunum, Orolunum, a Town in the Dutchy of Luxembourg, in the Low Countries, which has given the Title of a Marquess from the Year 1103. It stands 4 Leagues from Luxembourg, 6 from Montmidi.

Arma, a Province and City in the Kingdom of Popayan in America, 25 Leagues from St. Troy.

Armadabat. See Amadabat.

Armagh, Armacha, a County of Ʋlster in Ire∣land, incompassed with the River Neury on the East, with the Country of Louth, on the South, and with the Blackwater North. This is one of the most fruitful Counties in all Ireland. Upon the River Ka∣lin, which falleth into the Blackwater, (a River so called) stands Armagh, a poor decayed City, tho an Archiepiscopal See, and the Primate of the whole Kingdom. This Primate was subject to the Arch∣bishop of Canterbury till 1142. when it was exempt∣ed by one John Papyrio, a Papal Legate, as Camden faith. The City was taken by Cromwel, in 1650.

Armanac, Arminiacensis Comitatus, a County of Aquitain, or the upper Gascony in France, bounded on the North by the Counties of Agenois and Con∣dome, on the East by Languedoc, on the West by Gascony, properly so called, Bearn and Bigorro, and on the South by the County de Cominge. The Earle of this County are much celebrated in the antient French History.

Arman••th. See Ardmonack.

Armanson, Armentio, a River of France in Bur∣gundy. It rises by semur, receives the Brenne, passes by Tonnere, and falls into the Lionne nigh Auxerre.

Armenia major, called by the Inhabitants Curdi∣stan, by the Georgians Armenioba; a very large and well known Country of Asia; being divided from the Georgians, Mengrelians and Muscovites, by the Mountains; on the South by Mount Taurus from Mesopotamia, and by Mount Niphate from As∣syria, on the West it has the Euphrates, by which it is divided from Cappadocia, and Armenia the Less: The greatest part of it is under the Turks, but a small part towards the East is under the P••rsi••n. In this Country both Euphrates and Tigris have their Fountains.

Armenia minor, called now by some Aladuli, by o∣thers Ac-coionlu, is a part of Asia the Less, and was heretofore a part of Capadocia: bounded on the North by the Mengrelians and the Pontus, or Eux∣ine Sea, on the South by Cilicia and Syria, on the East by Armenia major, and on the West by Cappa∣dooia. This whole Country is now under the Do∣minion of the Turks.

Armentiers, Armentariae, a Town of Planders up∣on the River Ley (Legia) which falls into the Schelde at Ghant. This Town was the Theatre of great Actions during the former Wars, and was left to the French by the Treaty of Aquisgrane, who have had it ever since the Year 1668. It is a fair Town di∣stant from Ghant 10 Miles, and something less from Cambray.

Armes, a Seigniory in the Province of Nivernois in France, giving its name to a Noble Family there.

Armorica. See Bretagne.

Armoy, or Earmoy, a Barony in the County of Cork and Province of Munster in Ireland.

••nautes, an errant vagabond People of Albania.

Arnay le Due, Arnaeum Ducium, a small Town in Burgundy in France; 5 Leagues from Autun, very agreeable.

Arnebourg, a Town in the antient Marquisate of Brandenbourg upon the Elb; ruined in the Ger∣man Wars.

Arneda, a City and Port upon the Pacifick Oce∣an, in Peru in America.

The Land of Arnheim, is a part of the Terra Au∣stralis, discovered by the Hollanders, to the South of New Guiney.

Arnheim, Arenacum, one of the principal Cities of Guelderland, and one of the States of Holland; seated upon the Rhine, which a little above it is di∣vided into 2 Branches, the Ysel to the East and the Rhine to the West: it is a neat Town, and has be∣longed to the United Provinces ever since the Year 1585. It lies 2 Leagues from Nimeghon, (the chief Town of Guelderland) and 7 from Ʋtrecht. Taken by the French in 1672. and deserted 2 years after; the Fortifications of it being first demolished by them.

Arno, Arnus, a River of Tuscany in Italy, which springeth from the Apponnine, not far from the Head of Tiber; and running West, it obliquely passeth be∣tween Florence and Pisa. From the Sea, as far as Florence, it is Navigable.

Arnon, a River arising from the Mountains of Arabia, which traverses all the Desart, then falls into the Lake Asphaltites, and divides the antient Seats of the Moabites from the Amorites; God Almighty rendred the passage over it miraculously easie to the People of Israel, Numb. 21. 13, 14.

Arnsbourg, the Capital City of the Island of Oe∣sel in the Baltick Sea, with a Castle, under the Swedes.

Aroe, Arren, Aria, an Island in the Baltick Sea under the King of Denmark, dependent of the Dutchy of Sleswick.

Aromaia, a Province of New Andaluzia in A∣merica, near the mouth of the River Orenoque.

Arona, a Town and Castle in the Milaneze in I∣taly, upon a Lake, belonging to the Family of the Borromeos. The famous S. Charles Cardinal Bor∣romeo Archbishop of Milan was born here Octob. 2. 1538.

Arool, a Town in Muscovy 40 Leagues from Moscow.

Arosen, Arosia, a City and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ʋpsal in Sweden. It is the Capi∣tal of the Province of Westimania, with a Fortress upon the Lake Meler. Here Gustavus I. deseated Christiern II. about the year 1521. And in 1540. the States here assembled declared the Crown of Swe∣den Hereditary.

Arow, Aarow, a frank Town in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland, upon the River Aar, from whence it takes its name. The Protestant Cantons are used to hold their Dyets here.

Arpaia, Caudium, a City heretofore, now a Vil∣lage, in the further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples. Near to it, there is a very narrow defile for two Persons to pass, betwixt two Mountains, called Stretto d'Arpaio, and formerly Furcae Caudi∣nae; where the Samnites having obliged the Roman Army under T. Vetrurius and Sp. Posthumius, Con∣suls, to render themselves upon discretion, put them to the disgrace of passing under a Traverse of Pikes, with Hands tyed, disarmed and bare headed.

Arpaion, an antient Barony in the Province of Rovergue in France, erected into a Dutchy in 1651.

Arpentras, A City heretofore upon the Lake Le∣mane in Switzerland, now a Village they call Vidy, built out of the Ruins thereof. Great numbers of antient Medals are found here.

Arpino, Arpinum, a Town and Castle in the Terra di lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples. Caius Marius (Seven times Consul) was born here. Ci∣cero is Sirnamed Arpinas from hence, it being but 3 Miles from the place of his Nativity.

Arques, a Town in the Dutchy of Bar in France near the Meuse, supposed to be the Birth-place of Joane of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, famous in the Reign of Charles VII.

Arques, Arca, a Village in Normandy in the païs de Caux, upon the River Arques, 2 Miles South from Diepe. This place was made illustrious by a great Victory Henry IV. obtain'd there in the Year 1589.

Arra, a Barony in the County of Tipperary in M••nster in Ireland.

Arracan, Arracaon, Arrachamum, a considera∣ble Kingdom and a City upon the River Martaban, beyond the Ganges in the East Indees.

Arragon, Aragonia, a very large, and indeed one of the three principal Kingdoms in Spain; bounded on the North by Navarre and France, from which last it is divided by the Pyrenees, on the East it hath Catalonia, on the West New and Old Castile, and on the South it hath the Kingdom of Valentia. This Kingdom was united to Castile in the Year 1479.

Arran, a Barony made up of four Islands, upon the Coast of the County of Dungal in the Province of Ʋlsier. And made an Earldom in 1661. in fa∣vor of Richard, the Second Son of James Duke of Ormond. These Islands lie in the Western Ocean.

Arran, Arania, Glotta, an Island on the West of Scotland in Dunbritain Frith near Argile, which was anciently an Earldom.

Arras, Atrebatum, Nemetocerna, called by the Dutch Atrecht, a great Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Rheims; the Head City of the Earl∣dom of Artois, and stands upon the River Scarpe▪ which flows also by Douay. It is considerably well sortified, and has a strong Castle; it came into the hands of the French in 1640, and when the Spani∣ards 1654▪ attempted by force to retake it, their Army was defeated the 25th. of August of that Year, since which time the French have peaceably enjoyed it. This was one of the greatest Actions of Cardinal Mazarine, and won him much Honor in France. It is 15 Leagues from Tournay, and 5 from Doway.

Arren. See Aroe.

Arroux, Arosius, a River of Burgundy in France: it rises by Amay le Duc, passes by Autun, and joyns the Loyre by Bourbon-Lancy.

Arsa, Arsia, a River of Istria which divides Italy from Illyrium. It falls into the Adriatique near Pola.

Arsinoe, a City of Cilicia in Asia Minor, betwixt Antioch and Seleucia.

Arsinoe in Aegypt. See Suez.

Arsinoe, between Berenice and Ptolemais in Afri∣ca, is a City and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cyrene; some say now called Trochara. The Ar∣tients give us three more of this name in the Island of Cyprus, whereof we have no farther account.

Arta, or Larta, a City of Epirus in Greece up∣on the River Acheron, 15 Miles from the Sea, and a days Journey from Ambracia. Adorned with a Me∣tropolitan See and a noble Church.

Artois, Artesia, bounded on the North with the Country of Flanders, on the West and South with Picardy, and on the East in part by Flanders, in part by Hanalt and Cambray. It lies in length from North to South 26 Leagues. It was once the East part of Flanders, but became a separate Earldom in 1198. and continued so till 1382. when it returned to the Earls of Flanders, but at the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. and that of Nimeguen in 1678. it was intire∣ly yielded to the French. This was the Country of the antient Atrebates. The Capital City of it is Arras.

Aru, a City and Kingdom in the Isle of Sumatra in the East-Indies. § Also an Island of Asia, between the Moluccaes and New Guiney.

Arva, called by the Germans Orova, a Town in the Upper Hungary, near the Confines of Poland, towards the Carpathian Mountains upon the River Vag (Vagus) six Miles from Bistricz, North, which Town gives Name to a County.

Arva, a rapid River of Savoy. It springs out of the high Mountains of Fossigni, and passing by Bon∣ne Ville, falls into the Rhosne at the Gates of Geneva. Gold is found amongst its Sands.

Arundale, Aruntina Vallis, a Corporation in Sus∣sex, upon the River Arun; in which there is a Castle, a stately place,▪ strong by Art and Nature. The Name State and Dignity of Earl belongs to whoever is possessed of this Mannor and Castle, without any o∣ther Consideration or Creation to be an Earl, as Mr Camden acquaints us out of the Parliament Rolls of the 11. H. VI. This Castle stands 9 Miles East of Chichester, and the Fee is in the Hands of the most Noble Henry Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal of Eng∣land by Inheritance; granted by Charles II. in 1672. to the Father of this present Duke; who is the Eldest Duke, Earl and Baron in England, and the first Pro∣testant of this Noble and Illustrious Branch. The marmora Arundeliana have made this name universal∣ly known amongst the Ingenious of all parts, The Corporation sends Two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Arzilla, Zilia, Azella, a maritime Town in the Province of Hasbata in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the Atlantique Ocean; well fortified. Alphonsus V. King of Portugal, surnamed Africanus, took it in 1471. The King of Fez besieged it in 1508. without Victory. Afterwards the Portuguese abandon'd it.

Arzeron, Aziris, a City of Armenia upon the Euphrates; the Turkish Viceroy of which has under him 17 subordinate Governors.

Asasi, a Town in the Kingdom of Marocco.

Asaph, El••••a, Asaphopolis, a Town and Bishops See in Flintshire in Wales: this Bishoprick was ere∣cted by Kentigern Bishop of Glascow in Scotland, in the year 560. He returning afterwards into Scotland made Asaph, a holy Man, Bishop of this place, from whom it has its Name. There is in this Diocese 128 Parishes. The Town is mean as well as the Church, and it stands upon the River Cluyd, about three Miles from the Sea, and sixteen from Chester. Lat. 53. 22. Long. 3. 17.

Asborn, a Market Town in Darbyshire, in the Hundred of Wirksworth.

Ascalon, was heretofore a City of Judaea in the Tribe of Dan upon the Sea Coast, and one of the strongest holds of the Philistines. Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem took it from the Saracens about the year 1153. It was made a Bishops See, but so de∣stroyed since, that not above 50 Families now dwell in it, who are Moors and Turks.

Ascania, an antient Town in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany, betwixt Magdebourg and Nor∣thuhausen: it gives the Title of a Count.

Aschaffenbourg, Asciburgum, a City in Germany in the Diocese of Mentz, but in the Limits of Franco∣nia, and therefore by some ascribed to that Province. Heretofore an Imperial or Hans-Town, but after∣wards exempted; it is divided into two parts by the River Mayn, which falls into Rhine at Mentz. There is in it a stately Palace, built of square Stone, called Johansburg, where the Elector of Mentz often re∣sides: This Town is distant from Frankford 6 Miles, Eastward.

Aschen, a Castle in Bavaria.

Aschersleben, Ascania, an old Town in the Dio∣cese of Halberstad in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany: whence the House of Anhalt receives the Name of principes Ascanii: almost ruined.

Ascherne, Aschenten, Askarna, a Town in the County of Limerick in Munster in Ireland, upon a River of the Name.

Ascoli di Satriano, (Asculum Apulum) a small decaying City, an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Benevento in the Kingdom of Naples, in the County called the Principate, at the foot of the A∣pennine, 35 Miles East from Benevento. This City is built on a Hill; a former which stood near it ha∣ving been ruin'd in the year 1399. by a dreadful Earthquake: this was built in the year 1410. by the Inhabitants of the other.

Ascoli upon the River Tronto, a City in the Mar∣cha Anconitana in Italy, with an Episcopal See im∣mediately under the Pope. The Birthplace of Pope Nicholas IV. as formerly of Betutius Barrus an Ora∣tor mentioned by Cicero. In 1557. the French and Spaniards had a Battle near this place. The antient Inhabitants were the first that confederated against the Romans in the Marsick War. Sometime after that it was almost ruined; but rebuilt, and fell to be one of the first Temporal Demains of the Pope.

Ascot, a Mannor in the County of Buckingham, which has long belonged to the Loyal Family of the Dormers, Earls of Carnarvan, and Viscounts of Ascot; who were advanced to this Honor Aug. 2. 1628. by Charles I. for whom Robert, the first Earl, died fighting in the Battle of Newberry, in 1643.

Asebin, Nisivis. See Nisbin.

Asgar, a Province in the Kingdom of Fez in A∣frica, to the West, between the Provinces of Fez and Ha∣bat. Its principal Towns are, Arasch and Alcasar-Quivir.

Ashby de la Zouch, a Market-Town and Barony▪ in Leicestershire, which, saith Camden, is now in the Earls of Huntington; one of which Family, Sir▪ William Hastings, procured the Town the Privilege of a Fair in the Reign of Henry VI. It stands in the North-West Corner of the County, about eleven Miles North-East from Eaton.

Ash-burtun, a Corporation seated upon the River Dart in Devonshire, which sends two Burgesses to the Parliament: it stands about 17 Miles from Exe∣ter, to the South-West, and 5 Miles from Newton.

Ashdale, a Place in Scotland, of which the late Duke of Monmouth was Baron.

Ashdod, Azotus, a City in the Holy Land, which was one of the Principalities of the Philistines: in S. Jerom's time it was a Bishops See under the Archbi∣shop of Caesarea; now a Village, called Alzete by the Turks. See Azotus.

Ashford. a Market-Town in Kent, upon the River Stower in Scray-Lath.

Ashkrig, a Market-Town in Yorkshire in the North-riding, and the Hundred of Hang West.

A S I A, the first of the Four parts of the World; the Mother, and for a long time the Nurse and Mistress of Mankind; for here in this, Man was created; and after the Deluge, this was the Place God chose to give Mankind a second Beginning in: the 2 first of the General Monarchies, (viz. the Assyrian and Persian) were in this part; and to it chiefly was the Church confined till our blessed Saviour came. It is washed on three sides by the vast Ocean, which on the East is called the Eastern or Pacifick Ocean; on the North the Tartarian Ocean or Mar del Norte, on the West the Aethiopian Ocean and the Red Sea; and it is divided from Europe by the Mediterranean and Black Sea, with the Rivers of Tanais (Don or Tana) Rha and Obb. It is only parted from Eu∣rope by the space of 300 German Miles, more or less, by these Rivers: connected to Africa by a Neck of Land of about 30 Miles; and whether the North-East part of it is not united with the North-West part of America, could never yet be discovered; tho proba∣bly there is a streight or narrow Sea between them; so that lying in the midst of the other three, it was the fittest place to be made the Cradle of Mankind, from whence the other were all to be peopled. It lies in length from the Hellespont to Malacca, the utmost Eastern Mart, 1300 German Miles: its breadth between the Mouth of the Red Sea and the supposed Streights of Aman, is 1220 Miles: now divided in∣to five principal Parts, 1 Tartary, 2 China, 3 India, 4 Persia, 5 and the Turkish Empire.

Asia Minor. See Natolia.

Asine, the same with Anchora.

Asoph, Tanais, called Azack or Azeck by the In∣habitants, la Tana by the Italians, is a City of the Precopensian Tarters, at the Mouth of the River Ta∣nais, which cuts the City into two parts, and then immediately falls into the Lake of Moeotis. It has a large Haven, and a strong Castle which stands by the River: taken by the Muscovites, anno 1638. which upon false Accusation, cost Cyrillus Lucaris, Patri∣arch of Constantinople, his Life; but it was re-taken by the Turks, who are now Masters of it: the Town is square, and built at the foot of a Hill in 67 d. of Long. and 54. 30. of Lat.

Asopus, the name of 3 Rivers, one in Achaia, now called Arhon, the second in the Morea, and the third in Asia minor near Laodicea.

Aspe, a Valley of the Canton of Bearn in Swit∣zerland: watered by the Gave de Oleron. Its princi∣pal Town is Accous.

Asphaltites, or the Dead Sea, by the Arabians sometimes called Baar Lout, (that is, the Sea of Lot, in Memory of his Deliverance,) is a Lake of Judaea in the same place where formerly the Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were consumed. The Rivers Jordan, Arnon and others fall into it: 580 Furlongs long, and 150 broad, according to Josephus. They say no Fish can live in it, for the Bituminousness of its Wa∣ter, and that nothing ever grows upon its Banks.

Assasiniens, a People formerly inhabiting about 12 Towns in Phaenicia near Tyre, under a King of their own Electing. Whilst they paid a Tribute to the Templers, they offered to turn Christians, to be discharged of the same; but the Templers refused it; which, says William of Tyre, has been the cause of the ruine of Religion in the East. In 1231 Lewis of Bavaria was assassinated by these People. In 1257 the Tartars came upon them and killed their Anti∣ent (or King) and took their Towns: and we have had no further account of them ever since.

Assinarius, a River of Sicily. See Falconara.

Assinshire, Assinus, a County in the North-western part of Scotland: it has Strathnavern on the North, the Mountains of Marble and Alabaster on the East, Rosse on the South, and the Irish Sea on the West. This is properly a part of the County of Rosse and therefore little is said of it.

Assisi, Aesisium, Assisium, a City of Ʋmbria in the Patrimony of St. Peter: it is a Bishops See, built on a Hill, 5 Miles from the River Asio.

L'Assumption, Assumptio, a small new City in the Southern America, near the River of Plate in Paragua: it is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop de la Plata.

Assyria, the first of all the Empires and Kingdoms in the World. It subsisted for 1300 years under 37 Kings, or according to the computation of others, for 1484 years under 41 Kings, that is from Nim∣rod and Ninus (the first of which reigned at Babylon in the year of the World 1879, the other at Ninive) down to Sardanapalus; who burnt himself in 3178. 876 years before the coming of our Saviour. Now it is a Province of Asia, called otherwise Mosul and Arzerum, between Diarbeck and Persia, under the Grand Seignior, See Mosul.

Asta, a City and Roman Colony, lying between Piedmont and Montferrat: it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan, well fortified, with a strong new Castle belonging to it: once a Commonwealth, then it became a part of the Dukedom of Milan, and was under the Viscounti; being disjoyned from that Dukedom, in the year 1531. after various changes itfell into the hands of the Duke of Savoy, who is still Master of it. It is 15 Miles distant from Casal, to the South. § There is another City of the same name in Andalusia, and another in the East-Indies in the Kingdom of Decan.

Astabat, a City of Armenia upon the Frontiers of Persia, within a League of the River Aras: not great, but very beautiful, and enriched with excel∣lent Wine.

Astaces, the antient name of a River in the King∣dom of Pontus in Asia Minor.

Astachar, Astacara, a City of Persia upon the River Bendemir, near the Ruins of Persepolis; which was once the Capital of the Kingdom of Persia, but is now decaying.

Astarac, or Estarac, Astaracensis tractus, a little County 7 or 8 Leagues long in the Province of Gas∣coigne in France.

Asterabath, or Sterabath, Asterabatia, a City and Province of Persia towards the Caspian Sea. The City stands 20 Leagues from Gorgian.

Astetlan, a Province of the new Kingdom of Mex∣ico in America, upon the Coast of the Vermiglian Ocean.

Astora, Astura Augusta, a City and Bishoprick in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain, 9 Miles from Leone, (the Archbishops See) to the South. This City is also called Astorga.

Astracan, Astracanum, the Capital City of a Tar∣tarian Kingdom in Asia, near the Mouth of the River Rha, or rather Wolga, where it falls into the Caspian Sea: it is built in an Island made by that River about 25 German Miles from the Sea-shoar; and has been in the Hands of the Muscovites ever since the Year 1554. before which time it had Kings of its own. The Kingdom of Astracan is a considerable part of the Czar's Dominion: it lies in Tartaria Deserta, from the Head of the River Rha to the Caspian Sea; and extends West to the River Tanais, which parts it from the Precopensian Tartars. It was conquered by Johannes Basilovits, Emperor of Muscovy.

Asturia, was once a Kingdom, but is now a part of the Kingdom of Leon in Spain: it lieth in length from Biscay to Galaesia. The eldest Son of the King of Castile is stil'd Prince of the Asturia's (it being divided into two parts), as the English Prince is of VVales, of which this is an Imitation; as also the Del∣phinate in France.

Atacama, a Desart in the Province of los Charcas in the Kingdom of Peru in America, along the Coast of the Pacifick Ocean.

Atad, Caucasus, a Mountain in Asia, much cele∣brated by the antient Poets. § Also a Country beyond Jordan in the Holy Land, where the obsequies of the Patriarch Jacob were performed by his Children. Gen. 50. 10.

Atavillos, a People of Peru.

Atha, a River of Germany in the Dukedom of Ba∣varia, which falls in the Danube, a little above In∣golstad.

Athamania, a Country of Epirus, between Acar∣nania, Aetolia and Thessalia: free, and under Prin∣ces of its own, till it submitted to Philip King of Macedon.

Athamas, a River of Aetolia in Greece, with a Mountain of the same name, from whence it springs.

Aeth, Athum, a small, but strong Town in the Province of Henalt, upon the River Dender, (Tenera) which falls into the Schelde: 2 Leagues distant from the Confines of Flanders, 5 East from Tournay. Ta∣ken in 1667. by the French; and by the Treaty of Aquisgrane, this and the Territory belonging to it was yielded to them; but by the Treaty of Nimeguen, in 1679. it returned under the Spanish Dominion. In this place in 1357. there was a League concluded between Venceslaus Duke of Brabant, and Lewis Earl of Flanders.

Athens, Athenae, one of the most antient and most noble Cities of Greece, the Capital of Attica. Built by Cecrops an Aegyptian, A. M. 2350. accor∣ding to Helvicus in 2390. the last of which Accounts precedes the going up of the Children of Israel out of Egypt, 64 years. It was governed by Kings to the Death of Codrus, A. M. 2882. under Archons for Life, till 3190. after which it had Archons for ten years, till the year of the World 3268. when it be∣came a perfect Republick, and had never more any rest or peace till it fell into the hands of the Kings of Ma∣cedonia first, and afterwards of the Romans. About 3430. Xerxes invading Greece, the Athenians burnt their own City, and sent their Wives and Children into the Islands of the Mediterranean: prevailing afterwards against that great Prince, they built the

City much more gloriously than before. The Re∣putation they gain'd in this War made them great at home amongst their Neighbors; till growing proud and injurious, their Neighbors became their Enemies, so that they fell into the Hands of the Lacedemoni∣ans, who ruin'd their Walls, A. M. 3546. They re∣covered their Liberty, but not their Reputation; and in 3613. they fell into the hands of Philip the Father of Alexander the Great; who, by being made the General of a Holy War, became the the Sovereign of all Greece. The Romans conquering Perseus, the last King of Macedonia, A. M. 3782. they became in some sort the Subjects of that Empire; yet under the Romans they had a shadow of Liberty, till the Mithridatick War, when being over-persuaded by Aristion, an Epicurean Philosopher, they incensed the Roman Powers against them; and Sylla, in the year of the World 3863. 86 years before the Birth of our Saviour, by a Siege reduced them to the neces∣sity of eating Man's Flesh, and took the City by storm in the Night. This was the Evening of all their Do∣minion, Glory and Liberty. But in this Interval, be∣tween their becoming a free and a subject People, they raised themselves to a greater degree of Glory by Learning, than ever they could have required by Arms, without it. Solon, who lived a little before the Babylonian Captivity, and became the Athenian Legislator about the 3359th year of the World, laid the Foundations of this, which Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Xenophon, Thucydides, Demosthenes, Isocrates, and the rest that followed, raised to such an height, that Athens was truly more the Mistress of the World on the account of Arts, than ever Rome was on the score of her Arms; and tho both their times are past, yet A∣thens, being Dead, speaketh still in her Philosophers, Orators and Historians. To pursue her Fate, she rose out of her Ashes after the Syllian Ruin by the favour of the Romans; and flourished, till Alaricus the Goth, laid her in the Dust, under the Reign of Va∣lens, about the year of Christ 378. She recovered a∣gain under Theodosius, Arcadius and Justinian; Eu∣docia the Queen of Theodosius II. being an Athenian by Birth, as Irene the Lady of Leo IV. also was. About 1435. Antonius Comnenus Acciajolus was Duke of Athens; about 20 years after she fell the second time into the hands of the Turks, being taken by Mahomet II. since which last Captivity, not only her Flesh but her Skin is wasted, and she is become a Skeliton. An. 1687. the Venetians having taken Napoli di Romania in the Morea, arrived at Port Lione, (that is, the Harbor of this Town, formerly called Pyraeus) September 21. with the Fleet, com∣manded by General Morosini: the Greeks immediate∣ly sent their Deputies with the Tenders of their Sub∣mission to him. The Turkish Garrison, being about 600 Men, retired to the Castle, to make some resi∣stance; but were forced to surrender in two or three days after the Besiegers began to play their Batteries, tho the Castle was strong, seated upon the old Acro∣polis with Precipices on three sides of it, a Wall on the other, and 20 Pieces of Canon within. About 300 Souls embraced the Christian Religion, with the Chri∣stian Government. The famous Temple of Minerva being made a Magazine for Amunition, was set on fire by a Bomb, that fell among the Stores in the Attack. Some Remains of Lycurgus's Tower, of Phidias and Praxiteles's curious Works are yet to be seen. And the Athenians excelling all others through∣out those Countries, in Merchandise and Crafts, may be thought to retain some Seeds of their former Po∣liteness still. To this City, St. Paul Preached the Gos¦pel of Christ and the Resurrection as we read Act. 17. Publius and Quatratus were Bishops of it under the Emperor Adrian: the former suffered Martyrdom in the Year 123, and animated great numbers of Athenians by his death, to embrace the like with courage and joy. The latter, together with Aristi∣des, presented that Emperour at his coming hither in the Year 126, with an excellent Apology for Chri∣stianity. Since advanced to an Archbishoprick. They reckon about 10000 Inhabitants, most Chri∣stians, in it; who have ••oo Churches, and divers other Chappels, according to the Rites and Customs of the Graecians. Now call'd Setino, lying in Long. 50. 12. Lat. 38. 51.

Athenree, or Atherit, a City and Barony in the County of Galloway, in the Province of Connaught in Ireland: More rich and more considerable formerly, than now.

Atherston, a Market-Town in Warwick-shire, near the River Anker, in the Hundred of Hemlingford.

Athlone, Athlona, Atlon••a, is a small Town in the County of Rosecomen, in the Province of Connaught in Ireland; in the Confines of Leinster; seated up∣on the River Shannon, where it comes out of the Lake of Lough Ree, 16 Irish Miles from Longford, South. This Place was the Refuge of the Rebels in the Irish Rebellion, who fled thither from Kilkenny in 1650. being pressed upon by other Rebels; where they had not much rest, the Town being taken by Hewson in 1651. The Strength of it lies in the Castle: whi∣ther, when Douglas with 10 Regiments of Foot and 4 of Horse of the Forces of King William, ar∣rived, in order to a Siege, about the middle of July, 1690. the Irish retired, burning the Town, and break∣ing the Bridge. And at the last he was forced to leave it in their possession. But it could not withstand the Army of General Ginckle the year after

Athol, Atholia, is a small County or Earldom in the heart of Scotland; between the Mountain Gram∣pus on the West, and the Sherifdom of Pertb on the East; in which riseth the River Tau, the greatest Ri∣ver in all Scotland. This County is remarkable for nothing but its Earls, which have been great men both in England and Scotland.

Athos. See Agion Oros.

Atlantides, an antient name given to the People that dwelt about Mount Atlas in Africa.

Atlas. See Aiducal.

Atri, Atria, Adria, and Hadria, a City of A∣bruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, where Hadrian the Emperour was born. This is an independent Bi∣shoprick, subject to no Archbishop, instituted by Innocent IV. Anno Chr. 1252. The City is built upon a high Hill, within 4 Miles of the Adriatick Sea; and tho it has few Inhabitants, yet it has the Honor of giving the Title of a Duke to the Family of the Aquaviva's. It stands 10 Leagues from Pinna to the North, and 15 from Theate, East: it lies in 38. 18. Long. 42. 51. Lat. § There is another Town belonging to the Venetians of the same Name, but almost swallowed up by the Sea.

Attica, Cecropia, a Province of the antient Achaia in Greece, upon the Aegean Sea; now call'd the Dutchy of Athens from its Capital City. It was di∣vided in those times first into 10, then into 13 Tribes. Each Tribe assumed its denomination from some or other Hero of the Country, and was made to con∣tain a certain number of Towns and Villages, amount∣ing in the whole to 174; being then as populous a Re∣gion as Holland now. It extended its Dominion al∣most over all the Isles of the Archipelago: had Mines of Silver within its Mountains: and each Tribe fur∣nish'd 50 Persons a peice, to be the Judges of the Po∣litie at Athens.

Attigny, Attiniacum, a Town in the Province of Champagne, in the Dukedom of Reimes, upon the River Aisne (Axona) 11 Miles from Reimes to the

South-East, in which Chilperi••us, King of France, died, Anno. Christ. 72••. Lewis the Debonnaire, King of France and Emperour, did Penn••nce and made a publick Confession of his Crimes before a Council here Assembled in 822.

Attleborough a Market-Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of Shropham.

Ava, or Aba, a Kingdom, City, and River, in the Terra-firma of the Indies, between the States of Siam and Arachan. § Also a Province and Town of the Isle of Xicoco, belonging to Japan.

Availle, Avallensis Comitatus, a Territory in A∣quitaine, in the Province of Limofin in France.

Avalon, Aballo, a Town in Burgundy in France, upon the River Cousin, betwixt Auxerre and Autu••, with a good Castle.

Avalon, Avalonia, Aveland, is an Island in So∣mersetshire, in which Glastenbury stands: It gives the Title of a Viscount to the Family of the Mordants.

Avanches. See Wiflisbourg.

Avares, a Barbarian People of Scythia, who took part with the Huns, and Ravaged the Empire on ei∣ther side the Danube, in the sixth Century.

Avaux, a County in Champagne in France, in the Neighbourhood of Rheims, giving its Title to the House of Memes. Charlemaigne defeated the Nor∣mans here in 882.

Aubanne, Aubanca, Albinia, a Town and Baro∣ny in Provence in France.

Aube, Alba, a River of France, which riseth in the Borders of Bnrgundy; and flowing through the Pro∣vince of Champagne, watereth Bar; after which being encreased with some additional Rivers, it falls into the Seyne, (Sequana) at Pont sur Seyne.

Aubenas, Albenacum, a Town in the Province of Vivarets in France, upon the River Ardesche.

Aubrac, a famous Rich Hospital in the Diocese of Rodes, in Aquitain in France.

Auburne, a Market-Town in Wiltshire, in the Hundred of Ramsbury.

Aubusson, a Town in the Province of Auvergne in France. The Ruins of the Castle here shew the Gran∣deur of the Family of this Name, who are the Lords of the place.

Aude, Atax, a River of Languedoc in France. It takes its source from the Pyranees in the County of Ro∣sillon, and falls into the Mediterranean near Narbonne.

Avein, Aveinum, a Village in Luxembourg; made famous by a great Victory obtained by the French against the Spaniards, anno 1635. It is scarce 2 Leagues distant from S Huberts, to the North.

Aveira, Lavara, a Town in Portugal near the Mouth of the River Vouga, in the Province of Beira.

Aveiro, Averonius, a River in the Province of Ro∣vergue in France. It rises in the Territory of Sovo∣rac; passes to Rhodez, St. Anthonin, Bourniquet, Negrepelisse; and having entertain'd the streams of several Rivers in the way, delivers itself into the Tarn at Pointe d'Aveiron.

Avella, a Town and Marquisate in the Terra di Lavoro in Italy, 4 Miles from Nola, and 15 from Naples: not considerable.

Avellino, Abellinum, a City with the Title of a Principality, in the further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples; it's a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento.

Avenay, Avenoeum, a small Town in Champagne in France, 4 Leagues from Rheims, near the River Marne.

Avenmore, Dabrona, the Broad Water, a River in the Province of Munster in Ireland: it arises near the Earldom of Desmond, and running East, it takes in several other Rivers; and having washed the Town of L••smore, it falls into the Ocean at Youghal, where it maketh a Haven, about 20 Miles West of Water∣ford Haven.

Averno, Avernus, Aernus, a deep Lake, surround∣ed with Mountains and a Wood, in the Terra di La∣voro, in the Kingdom of Naples, near to Baja and Cuma. The Vapours it sends forth are very corrupt and noxious; which made the Poets represent it as one of the Mouthe of Hell. Nero attempted to make a Navigable Canal from hence to the Disembogure of the Tiber; but the Mountains and Soil rendred it impracticable. To the West of it there is a Cave struck out of a Mountain, where they formerly con∣sulted an Oracle; and its supposed the same Cave was the Grotto of the Sibylla Cumana.

Aver••a, a City and a Bishops See, in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples. Built in the Ele∣venth Century upon the Foundations, as some believe, of the antient Atella; and Fortifi'd with a noble Castle. It carries the Title of an Earldom too; toge∣ther with this Episcopal See, they have united that of Atella and Cuma.

Avesnes, Avennae, a Town of Haynaut; little, but famous, and well Fortifi'd; standing upon a small River which falls into the Sambre. This Town stands 4 Miles South of Maubeuge, 8 from Mons. It was yielded to the French by the Pyrenean Treaty An. 1659.

Avesnes le Comte, a small French Town in the Province of Artois, in the Borders of Picardy.

Augarras, Indians of Brasil in America, in the Province of Puerto Seguro.

Auge, a County in Normandy.

Augatow, Augustavia, a New Town in Poland, upon the River Brebetz, on the Borders of Lithuania, betwixt Bielsko and Grodno.

Avigliano, Aviliana, a small Town in Piedmont, upon the River Duria, 20 Miles from Turin to the West. (This River is call'd Grana in the late Maps) It stands on a Hill, and has a ruin'd Castle.

Avignon, Avenio, a City of Provence in France, upon the Rhone: it is an Archbishops See, a large well built Place, and very much famed for having been the usual Residence of the Popes from 1306. (by the Grant of Joan Queen of Naples, and Countess of Provence, to Clement V.) to 1378. In which time died here, John II. in 1334. Benedict XII. in 1341. Clement VI. in 1352. Innocent VI, in 1361. and Ʋrbanus V. in 1370. This City is an University, and had once a Stone Bridge, which is now decayed. The Archbishoprick was erected here by Sixtus IV. in 1475. During the Difference betwixt the King of France and Pope Innocent XI. about the Franchises, the former took this City into his own Possession. It lies about 7 Leagues from Arles, on the Borders of the Principality of Aurange.

Avila, Albula, a City of old Castile in Spain, fa∣mous for the Birth of S. Teresia. It is wholly built upon a Hill, well fenced with Walls, seated amongst many Rocks, and neighbouring Mountains, yet has a pl••a••••••nt Situation near the River Adaja. It is a Bi∣shops See, under the Archbishop of Compostelle: it stands in the midst between Salamanca and Madrid, 16 Leagues from either. § There is another Town of the same Name in Peru, upon the River Napo.

Avilis, Aulide, an antient Town and Port in Bae∣otia, upon the Gulph of Negropont.

Avilla, Avilles, a Town in Asturia in Spain, to∣wards the Mouth of the River Nalon, and the Bay of Biscay.

Avin, Avo, Avenna, is a small River in the County of Louthiane, which falls into the Frith at Blackness, near Lithgow.

Aviquirina, an Island in the Pacifick Ocean, upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Chili.

Avis, Avisum, a small, but Fortifi'd Town in Portugal; to which there belongs an Order of Knights of the same Name. It is 9 Miles from Ebora North, and a•• many from Port Alacri West.

Aukland, a Market-Town in Durham, in the Hun∣dred of W. Darlington. It has a Bridge over the Ri∣ver Ware, and is pleasantly seated in a good Air upon the side of a Hill. The Bishops of Durham have a noble Castle here.

Aulayas, a Lake in Peru, also called the Lake of Paria.

Aulcester, a Market-Town in Warwickshire, in the Hundred of Barlich-way, upon the Confluence of the Alne and the Arrow.

Aulerges, Aulerci, a People of the antient Gaul, of Three Divisions: called Aulerci Cenomani, Dia∣blantes, and Eburovices: being those of (the now) Mars, Perche, and the Diocese of Eureux.

Aumale. See Albermarle.

Auneau, a small Town in the Province of la Be∣ausse in France, 14 Leagues from Paris: memora∣ble for the defeat of the Germans, Swisse and others, by the Duke of Guise, in 1587.

Aunis, Alnensis Tractus, a small Territory of which Rochel is the Head. It is taken out of Sain∣togne, and bound on the West with the Ocean, on the East and South with Saintogne, and on the North with Poictou.

Avogasia, a Province of Asia, betwixt Georgia, Comania, and the Black Sea. The chief Towns in it are S. Sophia, Ajazzo, Costa. This and Mingre∣lia answer to the Colchis of the Antients.

Avon, Alaunius, a River that separates part of Wiltshire, and all Gloucestershire, from Somerset∣shire; and then passing under the Walls of Bristol, falls into the Mouth of the Severn.

Avon the Less, a River of Northamptonshire; one Head of which riseth in Cherwelton, in the North part of that County, and the other out of Avon-Well by Naesby. § Also another small River of that name, in Merionethshire in Wales, which passeth by Dolgelhe to the Irish Sea. This Word in the Brit∣tish signifieth a River, as Mr. Camden acquaints us.

Aups, Aulps, Ʋrbs & Castrum de Alpibus, a Town in Provence in France; so called, because the Alps begin to elevate themselves near it.

Aurach, Auracum or Ʋracum, a Town in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, in the Dukedom of VVirtenburgh, upon the River Rems, Remus, which 2 Miles lower falls into the Neckher, (Nicrum.) It is built at the foot of the Mountains, 4 Miles from Tu∣bingen, to the East, and 7 Miles from Ʋlm. Lately strengthened with a strong Castle, and is the Resi∣dence of the Younger Dukes of Wurtenburgh.

Avranches, Abrincae, Avrenchea, a City of Nor∣mandy, upon the Borders of Bretagn: it is a Bishop∣rick, under the Archbishop of Roan: it stands upon the River See, 10 Leagues from Coutance South, and as many from S. Malo North: near the Sea. In 1172. the Cardinals Albert and Theodinus, Legates from Pope Alexander III. by his Order as∣sembled a Council here, to examine into the Murder of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury.

Auray, Auriacum, a Town and Port in Bretagne upon the Bay of Morbihan, 3 Leagues North of Van∣nes, twenty three North of Nantes, and within 2 Leagues of the Sea. This place is famous at present for a Chappel called S. Anns, from the Mother of the Virgin Mary; and much frequented and adorned with Presents, by the Votaries of Mother and Daughter: likewise in former times for a Battle here fought be∣tween John de Monfort, and Charles Earl of Bloise, Sept. 29. 1364. where the Title of Bretagne was de∣termined by the Sword; the English, who sided with the former, prevailing.

Aure, a River of Normandy in France. It rises near Caumout, and passes to the Drome, by Vaux and Bajeux.

Aure or Eure, a River of France, rising in the Dukedom of Berri; and passing to the Auron and Aurette by Bourges.

Aure, in La perche. See Eure.

Aurick, Auricum, a Town in East Friesland, with a Castle, in which the Count of Embden, for the most part resides. It is seated in a barren Coun∣try, a Plain, scarce 3 German Miles from Embden to the East: the Country about it is called from the Town Aurickerland.

Auriege or Lauriege, Alburacis, Aurigera, a Ri∣ver of France; first appearing in che County of Foix; then it salutes Foix, Pamiers, Saverdun, &c. admits the Lers, the Arget, and the Leze into its Channel, so throws itself into the Garonne 2 Leagues from Tholouse.

Aurillac or Orillac, Aureliacum, a very fine Town, well built, in high Auvergne in France, upon the River Jordane. It suffered severely in 1562. by the Wars.

Auron, Eura, a River of Bourdeaux in Aquitaine.

Ausbourg, Augusta Vindelicorum, Druso magus, Damasia. This City is called by the Inhabitants, Aus∣purg, by the French, Ausbourg, by the Italians, Au∣gusta. It is a famed City of Germany, a place of great Trade, and the Capital City of the Province of Schwaben. It stands near the Borders of the Duke∣dom of Bavaria, upon the River Lech, (Lycus) near that place where the River Werdach falls into the Lech about 6 Miles from the Danube, to the South; 9 Miles from Ratisbone, and 10 from Constance: it is a Bishoprick, under the Archbishop of Mentz, and the City is an Hans Town, and has been honored with many German Diets; but is especially remark∣able for that held there in 1530. when the Lutheran Princes and States did deliver in to Charles V. the Confession of their Faith, which from this place is called the Augustane Confession. This City first ob∣tained their Charter of Liberty from Frederick I. An. 1162. and afterwards in 1266. they purchased their Freedom from the Duke of Schwaben. Jan. 24. 1689. Joseph King of Hungary was here Elected, Sworn, and Proclaimed the King of the Romans, and Crowned on the 26.

Ause, a River of Auvergne in France, joyning with the Allier.

Auses, an antient People of Africa mentioned by Herodotus.

S. Austel, a Market-Town in Cornwal, in the Hundred of Powder. It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Austerlitz. See Slawkow.

Austrasie, Austracia, which the Germans called the Westrich; was a considerable part of France du∣ring the first Race of Kings; and had the Title of a Kingdom, which was afterwards called the Kingdom of Mets, because that City was the Capital of it. Under the second Race of Kings it was called the Kingdom of Lothaire. The bounds of it were very various, sometimes bigger, and at others less.

Austria, called by the Inhabitants Oesterreich, by the French. Autriche; by the Turks, Beetstan or Weetzstan; by the Poles, Rakusy; is a Province of Germany, bounded on the North by Bohemia and Moravia, on the East with Hungary, on the South with the Dukedom of Stiria, and on the West with Bavaria and Salsburgh: it is divided almost into two equal parts by the Danube. This Province was first under Marquesses from 928. In 1156. they had the Title of Duke given them: and Frederick, who was after Elected Emperor, had the Title of Arch-Duke conferred on him; which is the only Title of Arch-Duke in the World. From this Country it is that the House of Austria takes its Name, of which Fa∣mily

the Emperors of Germany have been ever since 1438. and the Kings of Spain since 1515. It is a ve∣ry fertile Country, amply supplyed with Mines and Rivers. Vienna, the Capital. The Archduke has a particular power of creating Counts and Barons over all the Empire by antient Concession, with this privi∣lege besides, that he cannot be deprived of his Lands and Principalities by the Emperor himself.

Authie, Attilia, a River of Picardy in France. It arises near a Castle of the same name in Artois; glides by Dourlens and Auxi; then falls into the Sea at a place call'd Pas d'Authie.

Autun, Angustodunum, Hedua, is a very antient City in the Dukedom of Burgundy; and a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Lions; seated upon the River Arroux, Arotium, (which falls into the Loire,) 25 Miles West of Chalon, and about the same distance South-West from Dijon.

Auva, a City and Kingdom of Japan.

Auvagdonne, or Achad, Achadia, a City in the County of Gallway in Connaught in Ireland, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Tuam.

Auvergne, Alvernia, is a large Province almost in the midst of France; it has the Dukedom of Bour∣bonne on the North, the Earldom of Forez on the East, the Marche and Limosin on the West, and on the South Rouergue. The Southern part is moun∣tainous, the Northern is very well watered and fruit∣ful. The chief Town is Clermont. It had Earls which govern'd it till 1024. when Philip the August put an end to this Earldom upon the Rebellion of Guido, the last Earl, and annexed it to the Crown of France. In this Province there are thirteen Towns, which send their Deputies to the Assembly of the States in France.

Aux, Auscii, an Archbishoprick and a City in the County of Armagnac in France. This City stands upon the River Sers, which runs not far before it falls into the Garonne. It is distant from Tholouse almost 20 Miles to the North-West, and the Archbishoprick is esteemed one of the richest in France.

Auxerre Antissiodorum, is a City and an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Sens, upon the River Yonne, (Icauna,) which falls into the Seyne, (Sequa∣na.) This City is large and beautiful, seated in a fruitful Plain, about 12 Leagues from Sens.

Auxerrois, a small Territory in France, adjacent to Auxerre.

Auxois, Alexiensis tractus, a Bailiwick in Bur∣gundy in France.

Auxone, Aussona, a small but very strong City of the Dukedom of Burgundy, upon the River Sone, from whence it has its name. It is five Leagues from Dijon, East, and four from Dole.

Auzone, Auzonum, a small City of Auvergne in France, in a mountainous Country, near the River Allier (Elaver) which falls into the Loire. It has an old Castle, and is distant from Clermont ten Leagues North.

Axbridge, a Market-Town in Somersetshire, in the Hundred of Winterstoke, upon the River Axe.

Axel, Axella, a small, but strong Town in Flan∣ders, under the Dominion of the States of Holland, whose Surprisal was the first exploit of Count Maurice of Nassau, Captain General of the United Provinces, after his entrance upon that Employment in 1587. It stands 4 Leagues from Gant, and about 6 from Antwerp, West.

Axholm, an Island made by the Rivers Trent and Dun in Lincolnshire: About 10 miles in breadth and 5 in length. The middle part, which is the more ri∣sing ground, is very fruitful; and particularly of Flax. Alabaster is found in it.

Axmister, a Market Town in Devonshire upon the River Axe: the Capital of its hundred.

Axum, Auxuma, a City, and heretofore the Capi∣tal of the Kingdom of Tigre, in the Province of Sire in Aethiopia.

Ayr, a small Town upon Dunbritain Frith, in the South part of Scotland, with a River of the same name in the Territory of Kile; in which Oliver Crom∣wel built a strong Citadel or Fort, to keep the Scotch Nation in awe.

Ayr, Arola, a small River in France, which riseth in the Dukedom of Barrois; and running North, watereth Clermont and Varenne; and at last falls into the Aisne.

Aza, a Town in Cappadocia upon the Borders of Armenia betwixt Trebizonde and Neo-Cesaraea.

Azack, Tanais, See Asoph.

Azamor, a Town in the Province of Duguela in the Kingdom of Marocco, at the mouth of the River Ommirabi. The Portugueze took it in 1508 and in 1540 they abandoned it. The Moors afterwards re∣peopled it; but being all kill'd or taken in a night by a surprize of the Portugueze, it has continued de∣sart ever since.

Azaotan, Azaot, the vast Desarts of Libya in A∣frica.

Azeca, an antient Town of the Amorites in Cha∣naan, where God Almighty rain'd down Hailstones up∣on them from Heaven. Josh. 10. 11. Rehoboam re∣pair'd it. 2. Chron. 11. 9. It was afterwards ruined in the Wars by the King of Babylon. Jerem. 34. 7.

Azem, a Kingdom in the Terra firma of the In∣dies, beyond Ganges, in one of the most plentiful Countries of all Asia, for all things necessary to hu∣man life. The Capital of it, is Kemmerouf, 21 days journey distant from the Town Azem. The People live altogether at their ease. They esteem the flesh of dogs particularly above other meats, selling great quan∣tities thereof in their Markets.

Azores, commonly call'd by English-men the Ca∣nary Islands, are 7 Islands in the Atlantick Ocean, not unknown to the Antients; and by Pliny, Solinus, and others, mentioned under the name of the Fortunate Islands; and tho they differ as to the number, yet all agree, Canaria was one of them; but which is most wonderful, the knowledge of them was perfectly lost till 1330. when a Ship being distressed by Weather, discovered them; and it is not agreed whether it was an English, French, or Dutch Ship. In 1334. the Portuguese attempted to conquer these Islands, and were beaten off. In 1417. Henry King of Castile granted these Isles to one John Betancourt, upon con∣dition he should hold them under the Crown of Ca∣stile; and he accordingly subdued four of them. Fer∣dinando conquered the rest in 1483. and under Spain they are at this day. They had this name given them from the great number of Hawks the first Adventu∣rers found in them. See Canary Isles.

Azotus, an antient City of Palestine. Taken here∣tofore by Joshua about the year of the World 2586. Then it became one of the five Governments of the Philistines, who detain'd the Ark in it. Since Chri∣stianity, it was made a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop of Cesarea. Baldwin I. took it from the Saracens in 1101. It had a Church built in it, and an Episcopal House in the particular place (they say) where St. Philip left the Eunuch he baptized, when he was rapt away by the Spirit. Sometimes call'd Azo∣tus Paralia, to distinguish it from Azotus Ippini, which was another Episcopal See heretofore in Pale∣stine. See Ashdod.

Azin-court, or Agincourt, a small Town in Ar∣tois in the Earldom of S. Paul, from which it is di∣stant somewhat above 3 Leagues to the West, as it is also from Hesdin to the North. In 1415. Henry V.

of England beat D'A••bret, Constable of France, who came against him with a French Army consisting of 80000 Men, near this small Town; which has gi∣ven it a name amongst the most considerable Places of the World. See. Trussel. Life and Reign of Hen. V.

Azuayes, a poor People of Barbary and Numidia in Africa upon the Coasts and Mountains. They wear a Cross engraven upon their face or hands to distin∣guish them from other Africans. A Custom first in∣troduced amongst them in token of their being Chri∣stians, according to a Law made, when the Gothish and Christian Princes reign'd in Barbary, that where∣as all such Infidels as would embrace the Gospel were excused Tribute, therefore those who became Chri∣stians in reality should make themselves known to the publick Officers of the revenue by a Cross of that na∣ture. They persevered in their Conversions till the Caliphs came in: And tho they wear the Cross still, yet it serves them with other Figures more for a pre∣tended Ornament, than a token of Religion.