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ZAara, or Saara, a vast Desert in Africa; extend∣ing from East to West; between Biledulgeri∣da to the North, Nigritia to the South, Nubia to the East, and the Atlantick Ocean to the West. The Seat of the ancient Getuli and Garamantes. Modern Geo∣graphers have discovered some Towns, Lakes and Ri∣ver••
there, which give names to the respective desarts about them. Berdoa and Zuenziga are of this number. But generally Sands, Scorpions, and Monsters; Lions, Tigers, and Ostriches, take up the Habitations of these Desarts.
Mar de Zabacche, the same with Limen or the Palus Moeotis.
Zaberen Elsas, Zabera, Tabernae, a City of the Lower Alsatia, upon the River Sorr; four German Miles from Strasburg to the West: Called by the French, Saverne. The usual Residence of the Bishop of Strasburg, whilst that City was in the Hands of the Protestants.
Zabes, a City of Transylvania, upon the River Merish; six Miles from Weissemburg to the South, and twenty nine from Hermstadt to the West. Called by the Natives Zas Zebes also, and by the Germans Millembach. Some suppose it to be the Zeugma of the Ancients.
Zacatecas, or los Zacatecas, a Province in New Spain; betwixt New, Biscay, and New Galicia, in South America.
Zaconia, Laconia, a Province in the Mo∣rea.
Zacynthus. See Zante.
Zadaon, Calipus, a considerable River in Portu∣gal, called also Zadan. It ariseth in the Borders of Algarve; and running North, watereth Alvalada, Garcia de Minjuno, and Alcaser; and at Setuval, six Leagues South of the Tajo, falls into the Atlantick Ocean.
Zaflan, a Lake in the Ʋpper Aethiopia, with a Town of the same name; under the Abyssines former∣ly: but ravished from them by the Galla's or Gala's, a neighbour Nation.
Zagathai, Zagataia, a considerable Country be∣tween the Kingdoms of Thibet to the East, Persia to the South, and the Caspian Sea to the West; in Tar∣tary, in Asia. Called also Ʋsbech.
Zagaya, one of the modern names of the Moun∣tain Helicon.
Zagrabia, Sisopa, Zagabria, Soroga, Vicus Itali∣cus. A City in Sclavonia, which is a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Colocza; and the Head of a County of its own Name. A place of great strength and well peopled. It is near the Borders of Croatia; forty five Miles from Vihitz to the North, fifteen from Gradisca to the West, and eleven from Cilley to the South-East; upon the North side of the Drave. This City and County has ever been in the Hands of the Germans, who call it Agram. The Bishops of it have the care of all Sclavonia.
Zagrus, the Mountain dividing the ancient Me∣dia from Assyria, in Asia: through which, some pre∣tend that Semiramis pierced a passage into Media, which bore the name anciently of Zagripylae, or the Streights of Zagrus; and the Mountain itself, of Se∣miramis.
Zaire, Zairus, a vast and a celebrated River of Africa, in the Ʋpper Aethiopia: which ariseth out of a great Lake of the same name: and flowing West∣ward, watereth the Kingdoms of Cosange, Macoco, Congo, and in part that of Loangi. At last falls into the Atlantick Ocean by a Mouth, twenty eight Miles broad, in five degrees of Southern Latitude. This Ri∣ver is not navigable above eighty Miles upward from its Mouth; by reason of its Cataracts. It has been formerly thought, that the Nile derives its source from the Lake Zaire: But Thevenot, and Jeremy Lobo a Portugueze, who lived twelve years in this Country, have undecelved us with their better accounts.
Zalderane, a spacious Plain near the City Tauris, in Persia; towards the Borders of Armenia: beyond the Euphrates: made remarkable by the Battel fought upon it, Aug. 26. 1514. betwixt Ismael K. of Persia and Selim. I. Emperor of the Turks.
Zama, an ancient City of Africa, which is the mo∣dern Zamora in the Kingdom of Algiers. Called in an inscription yet extant in it, Colonia Aelia Hadria∣na Augusta Zama Regia. Hannibal received a great defeat from Scipio at this City. Juba King of Mau∣ritania chose it for the Capital of his Kingdom. In the ancient Christian times here, it had the honour of a Bishops See. Pliny mentions an excellent Fountain near it of the same name.
Zambeze, a great River of Aethiopia, in Africa; which springeth from a Lake of its own name (but called also Sachat), upon the Borders of the Empires of Monomotapa and Abyssinia: And after the rece∣ption of many Rivers into its bed, divides itself to∣wards its Mouth into four great Branches; inclosing divers large and fruitful Islands: so falls into the Aethio∣pick Ocean, upon the Consines of Sofala and Mosam∣bick. Some confound the Lake, Zambeze, with that of Zaire.
Zamora, a City in the Kingdom of Leon, upon the River Douro; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Compostella; so made by P. Calixtus II. in the Reign of Alphonsus VI. in 1119. Nine Leagues from Miranda to the East, and fourteen from Vali∣dolid to the West. See also Zama.
Zamoski, Zamoscium, a City in Red Russia; in the Kingdom of Poland; upon a fine Plain, near the River Weper: Built by a Grand Chancellour of Poland, of the name of Zamoski; fourteen Polish Miles from Luxemburgh to the North. It is a place of great strength, and baffled an Attempt of the Cossacks upon it, in 1651.
Zanaga. See Senga.
Zancle, an ancient City of the Island of Sicily: whose destruction by Anaxilaus, a King of the Rhe∣genses in Italy, makes it mentioned in History and Antiquity. Ovid expresses the whole Island by its name, in saying;
——Zancle quoque juncta fuisse Dicitur Italiae.Some suppose Messina now stands in the place of it.
Zanfara, a City and Kingdom of Nigritia in A∣frica.
Zanguebar, Zanguebaria, a great Region in the Lower Aethiopia, in Africa. It has this Name from the Arabians, over against whose Country it lies: (signifying Negroes or Blacks:) upon the Aethiopian Ocean, on the Eastern Shoar of Africa. It extends from North to South; from five degrees of Northern, to eighteen degrees of Southern Latitude: but of small breadth. The Kingdoms of Mombaza, Melin∣da, Mosambick, Lamo, Queilloa, and many others of less note are contained in it: full of Forests and Marshes, which create a pestilent Air, and an unfruitful Soil.
Zanhaga, a Region and Desert upon the Atlan∣tick Ocean in Africa. North of the Kingdom of Tombutum, or Tombotu, in Lybia; under the Tropick of Cancer: South of Marocco.
Zante, Zacynthus, a great Island in the Ionian Sea, under the States of Venice. Twenty four Miles long, sixteen broad, and sixty in circuit. It lies twelve Miles from Cefalonia to the South, and the same from the Morea to the West. It contains forty eight Ca∣stles, fifty▪ Villages, and one City of the same Name with the Island: which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Corfu: has an excellent Harbor on the
East side, defended by a strong Castle upon an high Hill, and a Garrison of Roman Catholicks; but the Inhabitants are for the most part of the Greek Church. Mr. Wheeler saith, it is not above thirty Miles in cir∣cuit; but one of the most fruitful and pleasant places he ever saw. Lat 36. 30. It produces Wine, Corn, and Oyl with great abundance: Robert Guichard the Valiant Norman, Duke of Puglia, dyed here in his Voyage to the Holy Land. The chief Commodity is the Curran-Trade, which bears the Charge of the Venetian Fleet or Armada. The City, and indeed the whole Island is very populous; subject to Earth∣quakes, which forceth them to build low. The Jews have three Synagogues; the Dominicans and other Re∣ligious, three Monasteries: the Episcopal See of Cepha∣lonia and Zante is the same, (the two Islands making but one Diocese:) the City Zante may contain twen∣ty or twenty five thousand Inhabitants: There is only one River in the Island, whose Communication with the Sea makes it Salt; and one plentiful spring of sweet water: But the great number of its Jacynths gives occasion to some to derive its Name from them. See Mr. Wheeler, pag. 39.
Zanzibar, an Island of the Aethiopick Ocean, in Africa.
Zaquismael, Susiana, a Province of Asia.
Zara, Jadera, an ancient Roman City and Port in Dalmatia; called by the Sclavonians, Zadar. It is an Archbishops See, upon the Adriatick. One hun∣dred and eighty Miles from Venice to the East, one hundred from Pola, and forty from Sebenico. It be∣longed anciently to the Kingdom of Hungary; and was sold to the Venetians, with the little Islands its dependencies, in 1409, by Ladislaus King of Hunga∣ry and Naples, for an hundred thousand Duckats. Be∣sides the strength of its situation, (being encompassed with the Sea and only communicating with the Con∣tinent by a Draw-Bridge, defended by six Bastions;) the Venetians have bestowed much in artificial Forti∣fications. Long. 39. 23. Lat. 44. 43.
Zarnata, a Town in the Province of Tzaconia in the Morea: upon an agreeable eminence, in a Figure almost Circular: rendered both by art and nature, a place of great consideration. The Turkish Garrison consisted of six hundred Men, when it Capitulated with General Morosini, in 1685. But the Aga, who commanded, in fear of his head passed over to the Ve∣netian Territories.
Zarmisogethusa, or Zarmis, the Capital City of the ancient Kingdom of Dacia: in the Reign of Decebalus. Trajan caused it to be called, after his Conquest of Dacia, Ʋlpia Trajana: There is an an∣cient Inscription, which writes; Colonia Ʋlpia Tra∣jana Augusia Dacia Zarmis: wherein both its ancient names are preserved.
Zatmar, Zatmarium, a strong City amongst the Mountains in the Ʋpper Hungary, upon the River Sa∣mos, near the Borders of Transylvania; ten German Miles from Great Waradin to the North, and fourteen from Tockay to the East. This is the Capital of a County of the same name; and has ever been in the Hands of the Emperor as King of Hungary: only in 1680. Teckley took it.
Zator, Zatoria, a Town in the Palatinate of Cra∣cow, in Poland; upon the Vistula, where the Skawda falls into it: which is the Capital of a Dukedom. Six Polish Miles from Cracow to the West, in the Borders of Silesia.
Zayolha, or Zavolha, a Hord of Tartars in the desert Tartary; towards the Obb and the North Sea.
Zea. This Island, of the Archipelago, is Moun∣tainous on the North and South Coasts: on the East, it has a secure and large Harbour. In the midst of it, a City of its own name, which is a Bishops See of the Greek Church: the Bishop divides his Residence betwixt this Island and Thermia. It produces good Wine, and trades much in Silk. Anciently adorned with four Cities, and thence called Tetrapolis. See Cea.
Zeb, Zebum, Zebes, a Town and Region in Bi∣ledulgerid, in Africa.
Zecaro, a River of Portugal.
Zeelandt. See Seelandt.
Zeila, a City in the Kingdom of Adel in Africa, at the Mouth of the Red Sea: seated upon the Outlet of a River of the same Name: which affords it the con∣venience of a good Harbor. It stands over against Aden. Long. 75. 00. Lat. 10. 35.
Zeilan, Ophir, Taprobana, a great Island in the East-Indies, to the East of the Cape of Malabar; cal∣led also Ceylan and Ceylam by the Spaniards, by the Inhabitants Tenarisin. It is of an Oval Form; six hundred and fifty Miles in circuit: contains nine King∣doms. The principal of which is the Kingdom of Candy, seated in the middle of the Island. This place produceth Spice in great abundance, which has drawn the Dutch to settle here. They have possessed them∣selves of Columbo and Negombo, which belonged be∣fore to the Portuguese. There is lately published an exact Account of this Island in English, by a Person who lived there many years.
Zeitz, Zitia, a small City in Misnia, in the Ʋpper Saxony, upon the River Elster: four Ger∣man Miles from Altenburg, and five from Leyp∣sick. Heretofore a Bishops See; now removed to Naumburg; under the Bishop of which Diocese it is.
Zela, or Ziela, an ancient City of Cappadocia, in the Lesser Asia: famous in the Wars of Caesar, for his sudden Victory here over Pharnac••s K. of Pontus, Son of Mithridates the Great. It became since Christianity a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Amasia; and now said to retain its name, tho not its honour, un∣der the Turks. The Veni, Vidi, Vici of Caesar, in his Letter to the Senate, understands the Victory here.
Zelandia, Zelandt, is a small Province of the Ʋ∣nited Netherlands; heretofore an Earldom. It con∣sists of five Islands at the Mouth of the Schelde; which are Walcheren, Zud Bevelandt, Nort Beve∣landt, Schowen, and Duvelandt. These Islands have been much greater than now: being in part drowned by several great Inundations; especially in 1304, and 1509. They lie between Holland to the North, Bra∣bant to the East, Flanders to the South, and the German Sea to the West. The Capital of this State is Middleburgh. The rest are Flushing, Ziriczee, Goes, and Tolen. There are about one hundred and two Villages in it.
New Zelandt, is a part of the South Continent; discovered by the Hollanders, in 1654: extending from North to South. But whether it be not an Island, is not yet certainly known.
Zelbecdibes, the Greater Armenia.
Zelia, an ancient City of Troas in Mysia, in Asia the less: it stood near Cyzicus; upon an eminence; surrounded with Plains and Mountains.
Zell, Cella, a small City in the Dukedom of Lu∣nenburgh, upon the River Aller: six German Miles from Brunswick, seven from Hildisheim to the North, and five from Newstadt to the East. It is a strong place; and has a Noble Castle, which is the Seat of a Duke.
Zell Hammerspach, Cella, a small City in Schwa∣ben, upon the River Nagolt; which is a free Imperial City, under the Protection of the House of Austria; five Miles from Stutgard to the West.
Nova Zembla, a Northern Region first discovered by the Hollanders in 1594. in their search for a passage to the East-Indies by China: separated from Moscovy by those Streights, they then called We gats Streights. In 1596. Aug. 29. they Landed upon the North Coast of it; and were there detained, whilst their Vessels lay engaged in Ice, to June 29. 1597. under continual night from Novemb. 4. to the beginning of February: excessive cold, and in a desart quarter of the Country: where three of their Seamen were devoured by Wild Bears and Wolves. It is an inhabited Country: But whether an Island of the Frozen Sea, or joyned to the Great Tartary Eastward, none have discovered.
Zemblin, a Town and County of the Ʋpper Hun∣gary.
Zembra, a Lake and River in Monomoapa, in A∣frica.
Zemonico, a Fortress in Dalmatia, seven Miles from Zara: lost to the Turks from the Venetians in 1573: but taken and dismantled by the Venetians in 1647. And the Turks in vain attempted to reestablish themselves in it in 1682.
Zenne. See Senne.
Zenopolis, a City of the ancient Pamphylia, in Ajia Minor: which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Seleucia; and mentioned in the first General Council at Constantinople. The Emperour Zeno enlarged, and gave his name to it.
Zerbi, Zetta, a small Island on the Coast of Barbary, near the Shoars of the Kingdom of Tri∣poli.
Zerynthus, a City and famous Cave in the Island of Samothracia, in the Archipelago, in the ancient times: Lycophron calls the latter, Antrum Canis. And Ovid expresses the whole Island by the City saying
Inde levi vento Zerynthia littora nacta, &c.
Zeugitana, a Country of the ancient Africa, upon the Coast of the Mediterranean, near Numidia: in∣cluded now in the Kingdom of Algiers.
Zeugma, an ancient City of Syria: which became in Christian times a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Hierapolis. Alexander M. built a famous Bridge over the Euphrates here. § Another in the ancient Dacia.
Zibit, Saba, Zibitum, a City in the Happy Ara∣bia; the Capital of a Kingdom, and a great City: seated near the Gulph of Arabia; one hundred and eighty Miles from Aden to the West, and two hundred from the Mouth of the Gulph to the same. The Turks not long since took it. But the King of it has since recovered it out of their Hands. There is a River in this Kingdom of the same name. Long. 76.00. Lat. 16.56.
Zidem, Ziden, Acila, Ocelis, a Port Town upon the Red Sea, the nearest to Mecca. It stands on the North side of the River Eda or Chaibar: twenty German Miles from Mecca to the South-West. A place of great Antiquity, and anciently had a very good Trade; being the usual Port, as Pliny saith, from whence the Ships went which sailed into the East-Indies.
Ziegenhaim, Zigenhaemum, a small City in the Lower Hassia, under the Landtgrave of Hess-Cassel; seven Miles from Cassel to the South, four from Frislar, and six from Fuld. The Capital of a County.
Zimbao, a Town and Fortress in Monotapia.
Zina, Pamphylia, a Province of the Lesser A∣sia.
Zinara, a deserted Island in the Archipelago, be∣twixt Amorgo and Levita; with Charuffa to the West of it: yet showing the ruines of Habitations.
Zinganes, Indian Pyrates, in the Empire of the Great Mogul.
The Zinhagiens. See Bereberes.
Zirfia, the Turkish Name of Servia.
Ziriczee, a considerable Town in the Island of Schowen: belonging to the State of Zeeland, in the United Netherlands: Built by the Flemings in 1304. The Spaniards possessed themselves of it in 1575. But were soon expelled again.
Zirifdin or Amansifirdin, a City of the Happy A∣rabia: understood to be the Acarman or Carman, by some the Omana, of the ancients.
Zitrachan, Albania, a Province of Asia.
Zittaw, Zitavia, a City of Germany in the Ʋp∣per Lusatia, upon the River Neiss: in the Borders of Bohemia, under the Elector of Saxony; four Miles above Gorlitz to the South. Built or Fortified by Wenceslaus King of Bohemia, in 1••55.
Ziz, a Chain of Mountains in the Province of Cuzt, in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, to the South. Rich in Mines, but inhabited by such as make little profit of them.
Znaim, or Znoymo, Znoimum, a City of Mora∣via upon the River Teye; in the Borders of Austria; seven German Miles from Brune to the South, and ten from Vienna to the South-West. Taken by the Swedes in 1645; and frequently by others, in the German Wars.
Zoaro, Pisidon, a Town in Barbary, upon the Coast of Tripoli; with a convenient Port. Taken in 1552. by the Knights of Malta by surprize.
Zocoroph, the Gulph of Arabia.
Zocotora, or Socotora, and Socotarg, Diosorias, Dioscoridis Insula, Ogyris, a Town and Island upon the Coast of Zanguebar in Africa. Mountainous, hot, dry, and barren: its principal product is Dates, Aloes, and Frankincense. The People appear to be originally Arabians, by their Customs, Habits, and Language. The only City in it is of the same name with the Island.
Zoest, the same with Soest.
Zofala, the same with Sofala.
Zofingen, a great Town or City in Argow in Swit∣zerland, under the Canton of Bearn: subject anciently to the Counts of Spitzbergh, who had a Cittadel near it; their Arms being still born by this City. But in 1285. it accepted of the protection of the Emperor Rodolph I. and in 1295, was by Siege reduced entirely under the obedience of Albert his Son. In 1396. a Fire totally consumed it. Again being rebuilt, it ob∣tained divers privileges of the Princes of the House of Austria. In 1412. it fell together with all the Coun∣try of Argow, as now, under the Canton of Bearn. And 1528. embraced the Reformation.
Zolnoch, Zolnochium, a City of the Ʋpper Hun∣gary; which is the Capital of a County of the same Name; upon the Tibiscus. Forty German Miles from Waradin to the West, and sixty from Buda to the East. Taken by the Turks in 1552. and retaken by the Imperialists in October 1685.
Zorandra, the place in the Mountain Taurus, upon the Confines of Armenia and Mesopotamia, in Asia: at which the Ancients supposed the River Tigris to bury it self under ground for some Leagues, and af∣terwards to rise again. But we have no such Modern account of the course of that River.
Zorlich, Tzurulum, a City of Thrace, which is a Bishops See; between Constantinople and Hadria∣nople.
Zoser, an ancient City and Promontory of Atti∣ca in Greece: betwixt the Piraeus of Athens, and the Island Zea. Much adicted to the VVorship
of the Goddesses Latona and Diana in Pagan times.
Zubal, Zubu, or Zebu, one of the Philippine I∣slands: to which the Spaniards gave the name of los Pintados: because the Natives had, at the time of the discovery of it, their Faces painted with divers co∣lours.
Zuenziga, a small Kingdom in Africa, in Zaara: on the East of the Kingdom of Zanhaga, and South of that of Morocco: with a City, and Desert, of its name.
Zues, the same with Sues.
Zug, Tougium, Tugium, a City and Canton in Switzerland; it consists all of Roman Catholicks, and is very small. Bounded on the North by Zurich, on the East and South by Schwitz, and on the West by Lucerne. The City stands one Mile from the Lake of Lucerne to the East, and eighteen from Zurich to the South. A free Imperial City till the year 1352. when it entred the League with the other Cantons.
Zurich, Tigurum, the Capital City of a Canton of the same Name in Switzerland; very great and popu∣lous. Divided into two parts by the River Limat, when it leaves the Lake of Zurich. It stands between Schafhouse to the North, and Lucerne to the South, twenty five Miles from each; eleven from the Rhine, and forty five from Soleurre. Made a Free Imperial City by Frederick II. in 1218. and Leagued with the Cantons 1351. So Ancient, as to be mentioned by Caesar in his Commentaries, who subjected it to the Romans. In the year of Christ 300. it was burnt by the Germans, and rebuilt by Dioclefian. In the year 883. Charles the Gross Walled it. It embraced the Re∣formation in 1521. Long. 30. 20. Lat. 46: 58: § The Canton of Zurich is the first of the thirteen in order. Bounded by Bearne and Lucerne to the West, Schaf∣house to the North, Zug and Schwitz on the South, and Appenzel to the East; it consists of none but Pro∣testants.
Zuricher Zee, Lacus Tigurinus, a Lake in the Canton of Zurich; twenty five Miles long from East to West, and five broad.
Zutphen, Zutphania, a City of Guelderland; be∣longing to the United Provinces, upon the Yisel, where it takes in the Berkel; one German Mile from De∣venter to the South, and from Doesburg to the North. A place of great strength. Taken by the French in 1672. dismantled and deserted by them two years af∣ter. The Dutch took it from the Spaniards, in the year 1586. when Sir Philip Sidney was slain.
De Zuyder Zee, a great Bay between Friseland to the East, Guelderland to the South, and Holland to the West. There goes a Creek from it up to Am∣sterdam.
Zweybrucken, Bipontium, a City of Germany; called by the French Deuxponts, and by the Germans Zweybucken. It stands upon the River Schwolbe in Wasgow; in the Borders of the Palatinate of the Rhine; ten German Miles from Worms to the West, and a little more from Strasburg to the North; and is the Capital of a Sovereign Dukedom in Alsatia, upon which the King of Sweden has some pretensions. It suffered very much in the last German and French War.
Zwickaw, Cygnea, Zuikavia, a small City in Misnia in the Ʋpper Saxony, upon the River Mul∣daw: four German Miles from Altenburg, and ten from Leypsick. In the Province of Voigtlandt, at the foot of the Vandalick Mountains; near the source of the Mayne. It belongs to the Elector of Saxony; and in the VVars of Charles the Great, had divers Encampments about it to its great damage. It was a Free Imperial City, till surprised by Fre∣derick Marquess of Misnia, in 1308.
Zwol, Z••volla, a City of Over-yssel, upon the River Aa, not far from the Yssel: which was a Free Imperial City and an Hanse Town, but now exempt. Eight Miles from the Mouth of the Yssel to the South, and eighteen from Deventer to the North. A strong place till the French took it in 1672: and dismantled it in 1674.
Zigeth. V. Sigeth.