A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names of all the counties, provinces, remarkable cities, universities, ports, towns, mountains, seas, streights, fountains, and rivers of the whole world : their distances, longitudes, and latitudes : with a short historical account of the same, and their present state : to which is added an index of the ancient and Latin names : very necesary for the right understanding of all modern histories, and especially the divers accounts of the present transactions of Europe / begun by Edmund Bohun ... ; continued, corrected, and enlarged with great additions throughout, and particularly with whatever in the geographical part of the voluminous, Morey and Le Clerks occurs observable, by Mr. Bernard ; together with all the market-towns, corporations, and rivers, in England, wanting in both the former editions.

N O. (Book n)

NAB, Nabus, a River of Nortgow, which ariseth out of the Mountains of Sultzberg, near the Fountains of the Main; and flowing Northward through Nortgow, or the Ʋpper Palatinate, is in∣creased by several smaller Rivers; at last ends in the Danube, a little above Ratisbone.

Nabathaei, an ancient people of the Stony Ara∣bia, descended, in the judgment of Isidore, from Na∣bath the Son of Ismael. Their Country was boun∣ded by Arabia Deserta on the East, Palestine on the South, and Arabia Foelix on the North. Their Ca∣pital City, Petra. Being the same people, who, as Josephus writes, were defeated once in a great Fight by Paulus Gabinius, sometime Governour of Syria.

Nadder, a River of Wiltshire, joining with the Willy at Wilton, near Salisbury; and there falling into the Avon.

Nadin, a Fortress in the County of Zara, in Dal∣matta; taken from the Venetians by Solyman II. but since retaken by them, and kept.

Naerdem, or Narden, Nardenum, a strong Town in Goeland, (whereof it is the Capital,) in Holland; upon the Zuyder Sea; almost four German Miles from Am∣sterdam to the East. In 1572. suprised, and much defaced by the Spaniards. In 1672. it fell into the hands of the French; but being recovered, is now very strongly refortified.

Nagaia, the Kingdom of Astracan, in Tartaria Deserta, in the Czar's Dominions. Some describe it to be a Kingdom, or a Hord of Tartars there, di∣stinct from Astracan.

Nagera, Nagara, a City in Old Castile, in the Province of Rusconia; by a River of the same name: once a Bishops See, now translated to Calzada; yet honoured with the Title of a Dukedom. This City lies thirty Spanish Leagues from Saragoza to the North-West, and eighteen from Burgos to the North-East. Near it was a Bloody Fight between Peter King of Portugal, and Henry King of Castile, in 1365. in which the latter prevailed; and in memo∣ry of that Victory, instituted the Knights of the Flower de Lys; the French joining with Peter a∣gainst Castile, and being beaten in that Battel.

Nagibania, a Town in Transylvania, in which are Mines of Silver: six Miles from Bistirz to the West, in the Borders of the Ʋpper Hungary: called by the Latin Writers, Rivuli Puellarum.

Naha, Nava, a River of Germany.

Najac, a small Town in the Province of Rovergue, in France, upon the River Aveirou, betwixt Ville Franche, and S. Antonin. It is a famous place for Vicriol; and in the Civil Wars of Religion, it attained to a considerable name.

Najara, one of the principal Towns in the Pro∣vince of Rioga, in Old Castile, in Spain; betwixt Lo∣grono and Calahorra: adorned with the Title of a Dukedom.

Naim, a small City in Galilee, in Palestine, four Miles from Nazareth to the West, and near Mount Tabor; where our Saviour raised a person from the dead. Now in the condition of a despicable Village, with only some houses of Wild Arabs in it.

Namptwich, a Market Town in Cheshire: the second in beauty and largeness, in that County; and of particular note for the White Salt here made in great plenty. It stands upon the Banks of the Wee∣ver, and is the Capital of its Hundred.

Namur, Namurcum, Nemetocerna, a great and strong City in the Low-Countries; the Capital of one of the seventeen Provinces; and a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Cambray, by the Order of Pope Paul IV. This City stands betwixt two Hills, on the West Shoar of the Maes, where it receives the Sambre; nine Leagues from Louvain to the South, ten from Brussels to the East, and seven from Philippeville to the North. Adorned with divers Churches, Monasteries, and handsom Buildings. It has a strong Castle, and was under the Spaniards, till the beginning of the year 1692. that it was taken by the French.

The Earldom of Namur, is a small Province; in∣cluded by the Bishoprick of Liege on the East and South, by Hainault on the West, and Brabant on the North. There are only three places of Note in it; Namur, Charlemont, and Charleroy; besides some good Abbeys, and about one hundred and eighty Villages. It is Mountainous and Barren, but not unprofitable; there being great plenty of Iron and Lead Mines, and Quarries of Marble. We read of its being an Earldom ever since the year 924. It is a∣bout twelve Leagues long, and a little less broad.

Nancang, or Nangan, a City in the Province of Quansi in China, almost ruined in the late Wars of the Tartars.

Nancy, Nasium, Nancaeum, Nancium, the Capital City of the Dukedom of Lorrain; seated upon the River Meurte, (which falls into the Moselle) five Leagues from Toul to the East, fourteen from Bar le Duc to the same, and ten from Metz to the South. In 1476. Charles Duke of Burgundy was slain in Bat∣tel, by Rene Duke of Lorrain, near this City. In 1587. it was first fortified. In 1633. taken by Lewis XIII. King of France. In 1661. dismantled. But in 1673. the French began to refortifie it; and have since made it very strong.

Nancyam, a City in the Province of Chiamsi, in the Kingdom of China.

Nandor Alba, Belgrade.

Nangazachi, a City of Japan, in the Island of Ximo and the Province of Figyn, with a very convenient Port. Pope Sixtus V. advanced it to the Dignity of an Episcopal See, under the Metropolitan of Goa. But at present it abides without a Bishop.

Nanhiung, a City of China, in the Province of Quansi.

Nankanga, a City of China, in the Province of Quansi.

Nanni, a City in the Province of Chiamsi, in China, at the Confluence of the Rivers Puon and Si, towards the Borders of the Kingdom of Tunquin.

Nanning, a City of China, in the Province of Quansi.

Nanquin, a great City in the Kingdom of China, upon a Bay, and in a Province of the same name; once the Capital of this Kingdom, and the Seat of the Court, and now vastly great and populous: But its Palace Royal was ruined by the Tartars: One of the most celebrated Ports in the East.

The Province of Nanquin, (which was once the greatest in this Kingdom) is bounded on the North by Xantum; on the West by Honan and Huquam; on the South by Chekiam; and on the East by the Chinian Ocean. It contains fourteen great, and an hundred and ten small Cities; one hundred ninety six thousand eight hundred and sixteen Families: Being divided into fourteen Parts, to each of which there belongs a great City.

Nansa, Nesna, a River in Biscay in Spain.

Nanterre, Nemptodurum, Nemetodurum, a Town in the Isle of France, near the River Seine, betwixt Paris and S. Germain, from the former distant two Leagues. S. Genevieve, the Patroness Saint of Pa∣ris, was born at it. In the year 591. a grand Assem∣bly of the Prelates and Nobility of the Kingdom was held here, about the baptizing of King Clothaire II.

Nantes, Corbilum, Nannetes, Nannetum Condo∣vicum, a City in the Ʋpper Bretagne in France; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tours; also an University, and the Capital of the County of Nantes: seated upon the Loire, where it receives the Ardre, at the soot of some Hills; twelve Leagues from its Mouth to the East; seventeen from Angers, and twenty from Rennes to the South. It has a strong Castle and a Bridge over the Loyre, Some of the ancient Dukes of Bretagne lye entombed in the Cathedral. There are many Churches, and Reli∣gious Houses in it; and one of the 4 Suburbs is walled round. In the year 1342. the English besieged it without success. But in 1355. they took it by sur∣prize. Henry IV. King of France passed the famous Edict, in favour of the Huguenots, called the Edict of Nantes, here in 1598. Divers French Synods have by times been assembled here also.

The County of Nantes, is divided by the Loir into two parts: bounded on the East by Anjou, on the South by Poictou, and on the West and North by the British Sea. This retains the name of its most ancient Inhabitants, who were called Nannetes by the Romans.

Naples, Neapolis, by the Italians called Napoli, by the Spaniards Napoles, is an ancient, great, rich, populous City: the Capital of a Kingdom in Italy; called by the Turks, Anobolu. It is seated in the Terra di Lavoro, on the Tyrrhenian Sea; one hun∣dred twenty five Miles from Rome to the South-East; in a fruitful pleasant Plain, being very well watered; and has a large safe Harbour, much frequented by the Merchant Ship of all Nations. The Viceroy of this Kingdom does always reside in this City; and has a noble Palace, which belonged to the Kings of Naples. It is also a Bishops See, instituted by Gregory I. ador∣ned with an hundred and ten magnificent Churches, and a vast number of publick and private Buildings of great beauty and expence: so that all considered, it is one of the greatest, richest, and most populous Cities of Italy; containing no less than seven Miles in compass: and besides the Security the Sea gives it, and the Neighbouring Mountains, (which serve instead of Ramparts) it has four strong Castles or Citadels for its security, which were built at several times by Wil∣liam III. a Norman, Charles I. Brother to S. Lewis King of France, Ferdinand King of Aragon, and the Emperour Charles V. In the Metropolitan Church, dedicated to S. Januarius, they preserve the Blood of that Saint in a Glass, congealed; which, they pretend, melts and bubbles, when the Head of the same Saint is brought near it. And in the Church of the Do∣minicans, they show the Crucifix, which you are told spoke these words to S. Thomas Aquinas; Ben•• de me scripsisti, Thoma, quamnam mercedem habe∣bis? whereunto he made answer, Nullam, domine, praeter teipsum. The Italians give Naples the name of la Gentile, for its beauty and neatness; it attra∣cting all the Nobility of the Kingdom to it. But their Proverb goes further, Ma la gente cativa: tut∣tavia un paradiso habitato da diavoli. The people are bad: it is altogether a Paradise inhabited by Devils. This City is so very ancient, it is reported to be built by Hercules, about the year of the World 2725. in the times of Thola, Judge of Israel. The Chalcidians rebuilt, or inlarged it; and instead of Parthenope, (its old Name) called it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, the New Town. The Romans took it from the Samnites about the year of Rome 463. after three or four bloody Wars. Being subjected to that State, the Inhabitants of this City are much celebrated for their Fidelity to Rome; and ever after the Battel of Cannae, would not submit to Hannibal, till he made use of force against them. In the year of Rome 537. (to∣gether with Rome, and the rest of Italy, in the fifth Century) this City became a prey to the Goths, and other Barbarous Nations: amongst them to the Lombards; from whom it passed to Charles the Great. After this, it fell under the Saracens. In 1008. the Normans began under Tancred to enter upon this Stage; whose Children drove out both the Greeks and Saracens, and possessed this City and Kingdom under the Title of Earls of Calabria. in

1216. there was an University opened here by Frede∣rick II. Emperour of Germany. The rest of its Fate depends on the Changes in the Kingdom; except that prodigious Revolution in 1647. when one Ma∣sanello, a poor Fisher Boy, appearing against the Spaniards, (who had over-much oppressed this populous City by their Impositions,) raised such a storm against them, as bid fair for the excluding them for ever out of that Kingdom. In June 1688. Naples suffered extraordinarily by an Earthquake, several days.

The Kingdom of Naples, (Nepolitanum Reg∣num) has its name from its principal City; but was at first called the Kingdom of Sicily, as it is still in all the Publick Acts. It is bounded on the West with the Lands of the Church; and on all other sides sur∣rounded with the Mediterranean Sea. Under the first Kings it was divided into four parts: at present into twelve Provinces or Counties: it has about thirty Cities, great and small. Its length from North to South, ninety German Miles; (that is from the River of Tronto to the Cape of Spartivento:) and its breadth from Cape Massa, not far from Naples, to Cape Gar∣gani, (or ••••onte di S. Angelo,) on the Venetian Gulph, thirty. About the year of Christ 1000. this Kingdom was miserably harrased by the Saracens and Greeks, then expelling the Children of Charles the Great. The Normans drove out first the Saracens, and then the Greeks. In 1125. Pope Anacletus II. gave this Kingdom to Roger Earl of Sicily; exclu∣ding the Children of William, his Elder Brother. In 1196▪ another Usurper dispossessed this Line; and called in Henry VI. Emperour of Germany. His Po∣sterity injoyed it till 1261. when Charles Earl of Anjou entered and slew Manfred IV. the last of the German Line. His Posterity injoyed it four Descents more; when Charles IV. in the year 1371. en∣tered and slew Joan Queen of Naples. In the year 1434. Alphonso, King of Arragon, partly by Adoption, and partly by Conquest, got this King∣dom from another Joan, the third of the Caroline Descent. His Posterity injoyed it five Descents; till Ferdinand III. King of Castile and Arragon dis∣possessed them in 1503. In this Family it is at this day; Charles, the present King of Spain, being the sixth from Ferdinando.

Napo, a River of the Kingdom of Peru in South America, passing by Avila in the Province of Qui∣ros, to join it self with the River of Amazons.

Napoli di Barbaria, a Town near Tripoli in Barbary: called also Lebeda and Lepe.

Napoli di Nalvasia. See Malvasia.

Napoli di Romania, Nauplia, Anaplia, a City on the Eastern Shoar of the Morea, in the Province of Romania; anciently a Bishops See, under the Archbi∣shop of Corinth; but that City being ruined, it be∣came an Archbishoprick it self. This City stands up∣on the River Inachus; sixty Miles from Misitra to the North-East, fifty five from Athens to the North-West, and thirty six from Corinth to the South. Surrounded on all sides, but the North, with the Sea; its Shoars are so very high and steep, that an Enemy can neither land, nor batter its Walls with their Cannon. On the West it has a large and safe Haven, secured by a Fort built upon a Rock in the midst of its Mouth; and shut up on both sides by two Chains: which from this Fort reach to the Town on the North side, and to another Fort on the Continent to the South. The Mountain of Pa∣lamede on the North commands the Town: in all other points, it is situated as well for Defence as Commerce, equal to any place in Europe. Said to have been built by Nauplius, a Son of Hercules; and to have been one of the most ancient Towns in the Morea. It was first taken from the Greeks by the Venetians and French, in 1205. But it did not long remain in their hands, before it was retaker, with the slaughter of all their Garrison and Gover∣nour. In the thirteenth Century it fell into the hands of Mary d' Erigane, Relict of Peter, Son of Frede∣rick Cornar Piscopia. This Lady not being able to preserve it from the Turks, resigned it to the Vene∣tians in 1383. who fortified it: the Turks however frequently attempted it. Mahomet II. sent Mach∣mut, a Bassa, with a potent Army to reduce it by force; which design miscarried in 1460. After him, Solyman the Magnificent, in 1537. again besieged it; and lost a great part of his Army, to no purpose, before it: but about two years after upon a Treaty, the Venetians surrendred it, to pur∣chase a Peace of him In 1686. the Venetians again came before it with a considerable Fleet and Ar∣my; and having beaten the Serasquier of the Morea, and possessed themselves of Mount Pala∣mede, forced the Town to surrender. It was the ordi∣nary Residence of a Sangiack, and inhabited by a great number of Greeks, with others.

Golfo di Napoli, in which this City stands, was of old called Sinus Argolicus.

Napolouse, Neapolis, an ancient Town in Pale∣stine, at the foot of the Mountain Gerizim▪ other∣wise called Sichar, Sichem▪ Nabartho and Mrothia. in the year 1120. the Patriarch of Jerusalem assem∣bled a Council at it. It is misplaced, by Eusebius and Epiphanius, near Jericho.

Narbarth, a Market Town in Pembrockshire. The Capital of its▪ Hundred.

Narbon, Narbo, Narbona, Narbo Martius, Civi∣tas Aracinorum, Colonia Decumanorum, an ancient Roman City in Languedoc, in France; built by the Romans, (as Polybius saith,) in the one hundred and sixtieth Olymp. one hundred and thirty eight years be∣fore the Birth of our Saviour; an Archbishops See, seated upon a Branch of the River Aude, (which was made by the Romans,) and commonly called la Robine; twelve Miles from the Shoars of the Me∣diterranean Sea to the North, ten from Carcassone to the East, and sixteen from Mompellier to the West. Julius Caesar, Crass••s and Tiberius, obliged this City with considerable Privileges. The Procon∣suls of Gallia Narbonensis made it their Residence, built a Capitol, an Amphitheatre, Schools, Baths, A∣quaducts, with all the Marks of the Majesty of the Romans, in it. In 435. the Wisigoths▪ besieged and and took it. In the times of the first Kings of France, Tholouse it self was a Suffragan to this Archbishop. In 733. this City was taken by the Moors or Saracens, and much ruined, till Charles Martel recovered it again out of their hands. To prevent this for the future, its Fortifications are carefully kept: which, with the number of its Inhabitants, give it a sufficient secu∣rity. Yet taken by the Black Prince, in an Inroad he made with a small Army from Bourdeaux in 1355. It contains five Parishes; was heretofore governed by its own Viscounts and Dukes; and some write, that Paulus Sergius, the Proconsul converted by S. Paul, was its first Bishop. Several small French Synods have been assembled at it.

Narden▪ See Naerden.

Nardo, Neritum, a City in the Province of O∣tranto, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bi∣shops See, under the Archbishop of Brindisi; but ex∣empt from his Jurisdiction. Built in a Plain; four Miles from the Bay of Taranto, and nine from Gal∣lipoli to the North. Pope John XXIII. instituted this Bishoprick in 1413. Pope Alexander VII. was Bishop thereof, before his Elevation to the See of Rome. It also gives the Title of a Duke.

Narenta, Naro, a City of Dalmatia, upon a Ri∣ver of the same Name; thirty five Miles from Dol∣cigno to the North, fourteen from Ragusa to the North-East, upon a Bay of the Gulph of Venice of the same Name. Heretofore the Capital of Dalmatia, a great and populous City; but being taken by the Venetians in 987. and deprived of these Advantages, it began to decay: and altho now a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Ragusa, in a fruitful Plain; yet it is but small to what it has been. Baudrand saith, it is in the Hands of the Turks: but when it came into their Power, or whether it is not since retaken by the Venetians, I know not.

Narni, Narnia, a City under the Pope, upon the River Nera; forty Miles from Rome: which is a Bi∣shops See, under the Pope only; and was the Birth∣place of Nerva, the Roman Emperor. Six Miles from Terni also. Pope John XIII. was a Bishop of this See.

Narova, a great Lake in New France in America.

Narsinga, Caramania.

Narsinga, Narsinganum, a City and Kingdom on this side the Ganges, in the East-Indies: subject to the Kingdom of Bisnagar, and sometimes called by the same Name with it. The City is▪ great and popu∣lous, and stands upon a River, thirty five Miles from the City Bisnagar. See Bisnagar.

Narsingipatan, a City in the Kingdom of Golconda, in the East-Indies; on the Western Shoar of the Bay of Bengala.

Narva, a City of Livonia, upon a River of the same Name; which separates Livonia from the Do∣minion of the Duke of Moscovy: over against which, on the Eastern Bank of the River, lies the Castle of Ivanowgorod: both under the Swedes. The City is very strong; thirty Swedish Miles from Reval to the East, and about one from the Bay of Finland. The Castle was built by the Russ; and being founded on a Rock in the River, was thought Impregnable till taken by the Swedes in 1617. ever since which time they have been possessed of it. Wolmar II. King of Den∣mark is said to have built this City in 1213. John Basilovitz, Duke of Moscovy, took it in 1558. Pontus de la Garde, General of the Swedish Forces, retook it September 6. 1581. Ever since, the Swedes have kept it. About 1654. all the Trade of Moscovy was driven by this Port, by reason of a War between England and Holland; which hindered the Navigation to Arch-Angel. It stands in Lat. 60. 00.

The River of Narva riseth out of the Lake of Peipis; and falls into the Gulph of Finland: in a manner as broad as the Elbe, but much swifter: a∣bout half a League above Narva, it falls from a steep Rock, which breaks the Water into small Particles and throws them into the Air; so that when the Sun shines, they form a pleasant kind of Rainbow. But this hin∣ders the bringing Goods by Water to the Town, and inforceth the unlading the Boats above this Cataract.

Nasacepha, Selucia, Bagdat.

Nasamones, an ancient People of Libya in Afri∣ca, mentioned by Herodotus, Strabo, Pliny, &c. They are diversly placed by them; sometimes near the Atlantick Ocean, sometimes by the Sea of Marmora, and again towards the Syrtes Magna of Barbary.

Nascaro Si••is, a River in the Further Cala∣bria, in the Kingdom of Naples.

Nassaw, Nassovia, a small Town in Weteraw, upon the River Lhone; two Miles from the Rhine to the East; five from Bingen to the North, and twelve from Cologne: under its own Prince. From whence the Family of Nassaw has i••s Rise. § The Principality of Nassaw, is a Territory in the Upper Circle of the Rhine; which lies partly in Westerwaldt, and partly in Weteraw; between the Dukedom of Westphalia, the Ʋpper Hassia, and the Bishoprick of Trier beyond the Rhine. It was at first a County; but made a Principality by Ferdinand III. in 1653. Adolphus (the Emperor) was of this Family, chosen in 1462. and the Earls of Sarbruck. But the Noblest Branch is that of Orange: in whose Honour, the Dutch have given the Name of Nassaw, to two of their Forts in Foreign Parts: the one in Guinee, the other in the Island Motir amongst the Moluc∣caes: also to a small Island they call Nass•••••• Ey∣landt, in the Indian Ocean, belonging to Asia; and to Weigatts Streights, otherwise called the Streights of Nassaw.

Nascivan, Naksivan, or Naxivan, Naxuana, a a City of the Greater Armenia, mentioned by Ptole∣my; which is an Archbishops See; at the Foot of Mount Ararat, (or Taurus) between the Caspian Sea, and the Lake of Exsechia, (Lychnitis.) The Archbishop is ever since 1300. chosen out of the Do∣minicans, and confirmed by the Pope. This City is under the Persians; but has been wretchedly haras∣sed by the Turks who, as they prevail over the Per∣sians and the Persians over them, lay each others Mosques in Ruins. Here is a stately Tower, said to be of the Building of Tamerlane. The Armenians pretend that Noah, after the Deluge, dwelt and was buried in this City. It stands about seven Leagues from the River Araxes. Long. 81. 34. Lat. 38. 40. in a fertile Country. The Capital of Armenia, the Seat of a Persian Kan, or Governour. Sir John Chardin saith, they have generally thrown off the Roman Rites; and are returned to their ancient Re∣ligion: tho the Pope, by an Ambassador sent to Persia in 1664. obtained great Favours from that Court for his Followers, by which they are rather damnified than benefited.

Naseby, a memorable Town in the County of Northampton, in the Hundred of Guilesborough, not far from Rothwell; near to which the Rivers Avon and Nen derive their Springs; it standing upon a high Ground. But more especially remarkable, for the Battel here fought, June 14. 1645. betwixt the King's and the Parliamentarian Forces. The first commanded by Prince Rupert, the other by their General Fairfax. The King's Forces were totally routed.

Natarone, Vulturnus. See Voltorno.

Natissa, or Natisone, Natisa, a small River in Friuli; which arising above Aquileja, and washing it, beneath that City is divided into two Branches: both fall into the Ionian Sea near Grado, a City in that Province. This River was once Navigable up to Aquileja, and served that City as a Port; but now, not.

Natolia, Asia Minor, is the most Western Part of Asia, of great extent; in the Form of a Peninsula: called by the Turks, (its Masters) Nadulu; and by the French, Natolie. It is bounded on the North by the Euxine, or Black Sea; on the West by the Pro∣pontis, and Archipelago; on the South with the Me∣diterranean Sea; and on the East by Armenia. The principal Cities, at this day, are Amasia, An∣cyra, Cutaige, Cogni, Tocat, Isnich, Bursia, Smyr∣na, and Tarabosan, (or Trapezunt.) It reacheth from Long. 51. to 72. and from Lat. 36. to 45. from the Hellespont to the Euphrates supposed to be six hundred and thirty Miles long; and its breadth two hundred and ten. The Air is very healthful, the Soil as fruitful; before it fell into the Hands of the Turks, it was very populous, Rich, Civil, and Learned; but now in a manner desolate; lamenting the Ruins of four hundred Towns destroyed by Earthquakes, and the Barbarous devouring Turks.

Navagret, Paropamisus, a part of Imaus, a vast Mountain in Asia.

Navareins, Navaresium, a City in the Province of Bearn in France; which has a strong Castle: seat∣ed on the River Gave d' Oleron; four Leagues below Oleron to the North, and six from Pa•• to the West.

Navarino, Abarinus, Pylus Messeniaca, a great populous City, on the Western Shoar of the Morea, in the Province of Belvedore; called by the Turks, Iavarin. It stands ten Miles from Modon to the North, and fifteen from Coron to the West. This is one of the most ancient Towns in the Morea; and yet in a flourishing Condition; being seated in the most pleasant and fruitful part of the Morea, and having the best and most convenient Port. According∣ly, whilst it was in the Hands of the Venetians, they built two Castles and a strong Wall to defend it. In 1498. it sustained a surious Siege; and repelled the Ottoman Forces with that Bravery, that they were forced to retire. About two years after, it fell twice in a short time into the Hands of the Turks, through the Consternation of its Inhabitants, after the Turks had taken Mondon: and in their possession it continued till 1686. when the Venetians retook it.

Navarre, Navarra, a Kingdom in the North of Spain: bounded on the North by France and the Pyrenean Hills; on the East and South by Arragon; and on the West by old Castile: yet was there a small part of this Kingdom which lay on the North Side of the Mountains on the side of France. The Country, the incompassed with vast barren Mountains, is said to be very fruitful, and tolerably level within. The Kingdom, (one of the first that was set▪ up against the Moors,) began in the person of Garzia Ximenes, in 716. and continued under thirty seven successive Princes of its own, till 1512. when John de Albert, (King of Navarre,) being excommunicated by Pope Julius II. Ferdinando, King of Arragon, ta∣king the advantage of the little affection his Subjects bore to him, seized this Kingdom; and drove the miserable Prince over the Alpes into France. Bau∣drand averrs, that the Spaniards had no Authority from the Pope to usurp this Kingdom; but owns they had a Bull to justifie the keeping of it, which needs no great Debate. Since that time, the Ʋpper Navarre has been under the Crown of Spain: the Lower (which is the least,) in the person of Henry IV. was united to the Crown of France; and by Lewis the Thirteenth, in the year 1620. incorporated for ever into the said Crown. Panipelune, in the Ʋpper, is the Capital of the Kingdom. In the Lower, the principal Town is S. Jean Pie de Port.

Naucratis, an ancient City of the Kingdom of Egypt. It stood near the Mouth of the most Western Branch of the Nile, in a Division of its own Name; and was the Birth Place of Athenaeus, the Deipnosphista, who, together with Herodotus, relates divers Customs of its ancient Inhabitants.

Naugracut, Naugracum, a Territory under the Great Mogul, in the North Part of Indostan, to∣wards Tartary; which reacheth to Mount Caucasus. It has also a City of the same Name, upon the River Ravée, which afterwards falls into the Lahor, two hundred and twenty Miles from Lahor to the East.

Naumburgh, Neoburgum, a City of Misnia, in the Ʋpper Saxony; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Magdeburgh; and once an Imperial Free Town. It stands upon the River Saal, where it receives the River Ʋnstrut. The Bishoprick was Translated to this place from Zeitz, in 1028. This City was in latter times under its own Bishop; now under the Administrator of the Bishoprick of New∣burgh, (who is of the House of Saxony,) with a small District belonging to it; being yielded to the House of Saxony by the Treaty of Passaw, in 1552. It is seated in the Confines of Thuringia; eight German Miles from Erford to the East, and six▪ from Leipsick to the West. The Bishops have been of the Augustane Confession ever since 1564. This City was taken by the United Forces of France and Sweden in 1638.

Naxia, Naxus, called Nascia also, Naxos and Strongyle, one of the Cyclades, is an Island in the Archipelago, great, populous, fruitful; eighty four Miles in compass; having a City of the same Name, (which has in it a Greek and a Latin Bishop,) and eighteen Villages. It belonged to the Venetians, and was a Dukedom; but now under the Turks. The Maps call it Nixia. The Ancients dedicated it to Bacchus, for the excellency of its Wines; to whom they built a Temple of Marble, (which also abounds in this Island) upon a Rock, very near the Shoar, joyned by a Stone-Bridge to it; the Foundations whereof, and a Gate about thirty Foot high and fif∣teen broad, remain to be seen to this day. The Ve∣netians enjoyed it from the year 1210. to 1516. when Selim I. made himself the Master of it. It pays six thousand Piasters Tribute to the Turk. There are divers Monasteries of the Greeks and Latins. They find of your Emrods in this Island. But there is no Port or Harbour in any part of its Coasts.

Naxio, Acone, a Port in Bithynia, in the Lesser Asia, upon the Euxine Sea; which was the Port to Heraclea Pontica; and stands upon a River called Acone of old.

Nazareth, A City of Galilee in Judea, in the Tribe of Zabulon, thirty Leagues distant from Jeru∣salem to the South, upon the ascent of a Mountain. The same, in which Joseph with the young Child and his Mother dwelt, after their return from Egypt, Matth. 2. 21, 23. It is said, the Virgin here in the House of Joachim and Anne (her Parents) conceived, by the Operation of the Power of the Highest; and that she her self also either was born or was conceived in the same place. Helena, the Mother of Constantine the Great, built a stately Church in Nazareth, in Commemoration of these Passages: which the Christian Kings of Jerusalem, after the Conquest, in 1099. erected into an Archiepiscopal See, and adorned with a Chapter of Canons. But this Edifice was so defaced in 1291. by the Sultan of Egypt, who retook the Holy Land and extermi∣nated the Christians thence, that now only some Ruins remain to be seen of it. And for what became of the miraculous Chamber of the Virgin, see Lo∣retto. At this time, the Franciscans have a Mona∣stery and a Church at Nazareth, which Pilgrims vi∣sit: you are shown the rests of the Synagogue, in which our Saviour explicated the Passage of I∣saiah concerning himself; together with the place where Joseph kept his Shop; to whom in the Chappel there is an Altar dedicated, and another to Anne his Spouse. But Nazareth is a poor Village. There is a Titular Archbishop continued by the See of Rome, at the City Barletta, in Apulia Peucetia in Italy: and the Title particularly was born by Pope Ʋrban VIII. before his Elevation to the Pontificate. The Turks call all Christians Nazarenes, from this place: as Christ himself, (Matth. 2. 23.) was called.

Nazianze, an ancient City of Cappadocia, in the Lesser Asia; and an Episcopal See heretofore under the Archbishop of Cesarea, which had the Honour to be farther advanced to an Archiepiscopal one, under the Patriarch of Antioch. This was the Birth▪ place of Gregorius Nazianzenus, whose Father had been the Bishop here.

Neath, a Market Town in Glamorganshire, in ••ales; the Capital of its Hundred.

Neaugh, Neaugus, a very great Lake in the Pro∣vince of Ʋlster in Ireland.

Nebio, Nebium, Censunum, a ruined Episcopal City in the Island of Corsica. The See was a Suffra∣gan to the Archbishop of Genoua. It stood about the place where the Town Rosoli now is.

Nebrisso, or Lebrixo, a Town in the Kingdom of Andaluzia, in Spain; betwixt Sevill and the Mouth of the River Guadalquivir: mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy.

Necastro, Neocastrum, a small City in the Further Calabria; almost ruined by an Earthquake in 1638.

Necker, or Neckar, Nicer, Neccarus, Neccanus, Nicerus, a River of Schwaben in Germany, which a∣riseth in Swartzwalt; scarce seven Miles from the Fountains of the Danube; and passing Rotweil, it entereth the Dukedom of Wirtemberg, watereth El∣sing and Hailbrun; and so passing by Heydelburgh, in the Palatinate, falls into the Rhine.

Necropolis▪ an ancient City of the Kingdom of Egypt, four Miles from Alexandria; where Cleopatra poisoned her self with Asps.

Neda, Nedina, a River of Arcadia in the Morea.

Nedham Point, a Fortess in the Barbadoes, which sustained an Attack of four hours continuance made upon it by De Ruyter, the Dutch Admiral; sent with a Squadron of Ships to conquer this Island in 1665. but was repelled.

Needham, a Market Town in the County of Suf∣folk, and the Hundred of Bosmere: which drives a Trade in Blew and Broad Cloaths for Russia, Turkey, and other Foreign Parts.

Neers, Nabalia, a River of Germany, which a∣ariseth in Juliers, twelve Miles from Juliers; and flowing through the Bishoprick of Cologne, and Gel∣derland, by the Castles of Gelders, a little below Ge∣nep, falls into the Maes: three Leagues above Nime∣guen to the South.

Negapatan, a City of Coromandel, in the Hither East Indies; now under the Dutch, formerly under the Portuguese.

Negombo, a Town in the Island of Zeilan, in the East-Indies, in the Possession of the Hollanders.

Negrepelisse, a small Town in the County of Quercy in Guienne, in France; upon the River Avei∣rou, betwixt Bourniquet and Albias, two or three Leagues from Montauban. Lewis XIII. sent a Gar∣rison of four thousand Men hither in 1621. who were in one night massacred by the Inhabitants, du∣ring the Civil Wars of Religion. Therefore in 1622. the said King besieged it; and taking it, it was laid in Blood and Ashes by the Fire and Sword of the Con∣querors.

Negro, Tanager, a River in the Kingdom of Na∣ples: it ariseth near a Lake of the same Name, in the Borders of the Basilicate, but in the hither Princi∣pate; thirteen Miles from Policastro to the East, at the Foot of the Apennine. And flowing North, wa∣tereth Atena; and after it has buried it self for four Miles under ground, comes up again; then falls into the Bay of Amalfi, near Cappachio, twenty Miles from Salerno to the South.

Negropont, Euboea, an Island in the Archipelago; of old called by the Poets, Chalcis and Abantis; now by the Turks, Egriponte, or Egribos; and some∣times Euriponte: because the Wonder of the fam'd Euripus, by the natural situation of the Rocks, the Promontories, the Channel, &c. is made here. It lies upon the North of Achaia, (or Livadia) be∣ing separated from it by a narrow Channel: one hun∣dred and twenty Miles from East to West, thirty broad; three hundred in circuit; joyned to the Con∣tinent by a Bridge of Stone built by the Venetians. It is extraordinary fruitful, but little inhabited. The principal Town was called formerly Chalcis, now Ne∣gropont; and stands on the South Side of the Island, at one end of the Bridge: its Walls are two Miles in compass. None but Jews and Turks are suffered to reside within those: the Christians dwell altogether in the Suburbs, the whole of which may be about five thousand, exceeding far in number the o∣ther: and amongst these the Jesuits have a College. There are four Mosques in the Town, of which the principal hath been a Cathedral Church dedicated to S. Mark, and the Seat not only of a Bishop under the Archbishop of Athens, but of an Archbishop. The Town is separated from the Suburbs by a deep Ditch of equal breadth from top to bottom: both stand on a plain level Ground: the Channel between the City and the Continent being not above thirty Paces, and the Bridge being secured by a Tower. This Town and Island was granted to the Venetians by the Latin Emperors of Constantinople, (in consideration of their Services,) about 1204. Though they fortified it to the utmost, yet Mahomet II. took the prin∣cipal City with the loss of forty thousand Men in 1463. or 69. (for I find various Accounts) after he had besieged it with one hundred and twenty thou∣sand Men, thirty days; putting all above twenty years of Age to the Sword; which amounted (when the Siege began) to eighty thousand. In 1660. the Venetians retook it: and relost it. Wherefore the Turks have fortified it with so many new strong Works, that tho the Venetians laid Siege to it with an Army of twenty four thousand Men, commanded by Morosini▪ (then Doge,) which stormed it October 12. 1688; Yet it was left in the Enemies Possession. The most noted Promontories of the Island are the. ancient Caphareus, now called Capo Figera or Capo d'Oro, and the Capo Lithar. Its two Rivers are the Similio and the Cerco. The City Caristo, which the French call Chateau-roux, near Capo Figera, is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Negropont: and Rocco, betwixt that City and Negropont, another. Here is Cotton in abundance, and Marble, digged out of the Mountain Caristo near the City of the same Name.

Negroes, a general Name for all the Black People of Africa; as well those upon the Western Sea-Coasts, and towards Nubia and Abyssinia, as those who dwell on both sides the River Niger.

Neiss, Nissa, a River of Bohemia; which arising in Lusatia, flows through Silesia; and a little be∣neath Guben falls into the Odir.

Neisse, Nissa, a Town in Silesia, in the Duke∣dom of Grotkaw, upon the River Neiss; two Miles from Grotkaw to the South: in which the Bishop of Wratislaw resides. Hofman makes it a City.

Neites, a small River which falls into the Rhine near Anderpach, in the Bishoprick of Trier.

Nieva, Nebis, a small River in Entre Douro, a Province of Portugal.

Nekrakin, Ormus, an Island in the Persian Gulph.

Nemea and Nemeus, a River of the Morea, now called Langia; where Pericles, the Athenian Gene∣ral, defeated the Sicyonii in the year of Rome, 301. § Also a great Forest in the Province of Romania; and an ancient City, Nemaea, in the same made memo∣rable by the Nemaean Games instituted in the fifty first Olympiad in the Honour of Hercules.

Nemours, Nemosium, Nemoracum, a great and pleasant Town in the Isle of France in Gastinois, upon the River Loing: made a Dukedom in 1414. by Charles IV. King of France, and then first walled. It stands seventeen Miles from Paris to the South.

Neocaesarea. See its Modern Name Tocat

Nepi, Nepita, Nepet, a small, but ancient City, which is a Bishops See in S. Peters Patrimony, under the Pope; upon the River il Pozzolo; between Vi∣terbo,

and Rome, six Miles from Sutri to the East.

Nera, Nar, a River in the States of the Church in Italy; which springs out of the Apennine, and flow∣ing Westward watereth Narni;; and a little lower falls into the Tiber.

Nerac, Neracum, a City in Aquitain, in Gascogne, upon the River Baise; the Capital of the Dukedom de Albret; not two Miles from the Garonne to the South, three from Condom to the North, and four from Agen to the West. It is in a good condition, tho its Walls came to be rased in the last Civil Wars. In 1579. Queen Katharine de Medicis held a Con∣ference with the King of Navarre here, wherein they made a League with the Huguenots, on whose side this Town stood. King Henry IV. resided a consi∣derable time at it; and the ancient Lords of Albret built it a Castle.

Nerk, Nericia, a Province in the Kingdom of Sweden; between Westmannia and Sudermannia to the East, and Westrogothia to the West. The Capi∣tal of which is Orebro, by the Lake Hielmer.

Nermonster, an Island upon the Coast of Poictou in France.

Nero, an ancient Name of the delightful Village of Daphne.

Nerva, See Narva.

Nervii, an ancient People amongst the Galls, whom Caesar mentions with an Elogium of their Courage and Conduct. They are thought to have dwelt in the (now) Diocese of Cambray.

Nes••e, Nigella, a small Town in the Tract of San∣terre, in Picardy. It stands upon the Rivulet Ignon, which falls in the Somme, two Leagues from Ham, almost betwixt Peronne and Noyon; having the Ho∣nour to be a Marquisate. Charles the Hardy, Duke of Burgundy, took it by Assault in 1472. and be∣cause the Inhabitants had murdered a Herald, sent to summon them, with two Men more in the time of a Truce, he suffered the Execution of the utmost Seve∣rity upon them.

Nester Alba, or Neister Alba; a Town in Bessa∣rabia, on the Euxine Sea.

Neuf Chastel, Novum Castrum, a Town in the Paix de Caux, in the Dukedom of Normandy, upon the River Arques; eight Leagues from Dieppe to the South-East.

Neuf Chastel sur Meuse, a Town of Lorrain, upon the Maes; in the Borders of Champagne; five Leagues from Mirecourt to the West, and seven from Toul to the South.

Nevers, Nivernum, a Fine, Great, Rich, Popu∣lous City; a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sens; and a Dukedom, since the year 1457. when Charles VII. King of France, advanced it to that Dignity: whereas it had been before an Earldom: it has a Bridge over the Loyre, and a Castle, built by its an∣cient Earls: five Leagues from Baris and Lions; twelve from Moulins. John Casimir, King of Po∣land, died in this City, December 16. 1672. Caesar speaks of it in his Commentaries, under the Name of Noviodunum in Aeduis. The Latin Writers variously call it Nivernium, Vadicassium, Noviodunum, Au∣gustonemetum, &c. It is the Capital of the Territory of Nivernois; which is about twenty Leagues long, and broad; lying betwixt Berry, Gastinois, Bourbonnois and Bourgogne: of the latter of which it makes a part, and has other considerable Towns standing in it.

Neuf-Marche, Novus Mercatus, a Town in Nor∣mandy, upon the River Eure; by which it is separated from Beauvais. Heretofore very much regarded. Lewis VII. took it after a sharp Siege, in 1151. It was restored to the English in 1154. In 1161. there was a Parliament held in it, under Henry II. King of England, in which the Title of Pope Alexander III. to the Roman Chair was recognized; and Victor, the Antipope, rejected. This Town stands twenty Miles from Roan to the South, and the same distance from Paris to the West.

Nevern, a Market Town in Pembrokeshire, in the Hundred of Kemmes.

Nevin, a Market Town in Caernarvanshire, in in Wales, the Hundred of Tinllain.

Nevis, or Mevis, one of the Leeward Chariby Islands in America, very near to S. Christopher. It is the Residence of the chief Governor of all the Leeward Islands. In Charles-Town (which is the principal Set∣tlement) almost all the Houses of Brick and Stone were levelled by an Earthquake, April 1690. At the same time the Sea left its accustomed Bounds a great part of a Mile; the Earth vomited hot and fetid Wa∣ters; its motion, Pulses, and Openings also all over the Island, being such, as nothing can be more terrible.

Neure, a River of Kilkenny, in Ireland, which watereth Ross; then falls into the Sewer, (which se∣parates Leinster from Mounster;) and falls beneath VVaterford into the Ocean.

Neusidlersee, Peiso, a Lake between Austria and the Lower Hungary; bteween Raab to the East, and Vienna to the West.

Neustria, the Name of a part of the Kingdom of France, in use amongst the Writers of the Times of Charlemaigne and his Son, to denote the Country from the Saosne and the Meuse, to the Loyre and the Ocean: It has been since changed into that of Nor∣mandy, tho the present Dukedom of Normandy makes no more than a part of the ancient Neustria.

New Albion, California, an Island on the West of America, in North Lat. 38. discovered by Sir Fran∣cis Drake in 1578.

Newark upon Trent, is a fair, rich Town in Nottinghamshire; seated on the East Bank of the Trent, where it divides into two Branches, and makes an Island before the Town; eleven Miles from Not∣tingham to the North, and in the high Road to York: which took its Name from a Castle here built by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln, (in the Reign of Hen∣ry II.) which was seized by King Stephen. King John died in this Town in 1216. Edward VI. incorpora∣ted it, and gave it the Privilege of sending two Bur∣gesses to the Parliament. It suffered a Siege for its Loyalty in 1643, 1644. which was raised by Prince Rupert, March 22. It stood firm to the Royal Interest till May 11. 1646. and then was forced to surrender; the King being in the Hands of the Scots, and all his Forces dissipated. This Town gives the Title of Viscount to the Earl of Kingston: and is the Capital of its Hundred.

Newbury, Novum burgum, a Town on the South of Barkshire upon the River Kennet, which at Reading falls into the Thames. Called by Antoninus, Spinae; tho not built now in the same place; a fine, rich, Cloathing Town; seated in a Champain Plain Coun∣try. Made famous by a signal Victory obtained here by Charles I. Septemb. 20. 1643. over the Forces of the Parliament. October 27. 1644. there was a second Fight; in which, tho the King's Forces, (which were much divided) had at first the good Fortune to drive the Enemy out of the Field; yet being overpowered by Numbers and fresh Supplies, they were at last Routed; and the King in great danger of being taken. This Battel, tho short, was the sharpest that was fought in all that War. Charles II. added a great Honor to this Place; when in 1675. he created Charles Fitz-Roy, Duke of Southampton, Earl of Chichester, and Baron of Newbury.

New-Castle upon Tine, is a strong, rich, popu∣lous Sea-Port Town in Northumberland, upon

the North Bank of the River Tine; but on the Bor∣ders of Durham; six Miles from the Sea. The River is very deep, the Haven secure and large: the Town stands upon a rising Ground; and has a fair Bridge over the River on the South side, with an Iron Gate upon it, which divides the County of Northumberland from the Bishoprick of Durham; near which stands the Castle, and over against it the Market-Place, and more to the North upon a sleep Hill, the Body of the Town; fenced with Towers and strong Walls. It contains four Parishes; amongst which St. Nicholas's Church, upon the top of the Hill, has the gracefulness of a Cathedral. Ships of good burden come up to the very Bridge: But the Newcastle-fleet commonly stays at Sheales, near the Rivers Mouth. This Town for Wealth and Commerce, by Sea and Land, for all Com∣modities, may well be esteemed the Bristol of the North. Mr. Cambden doth suppose it to have been called Garbosentum by the Romans; afterwards, Monk∣chester; and to have taken the name of Newcastle, when it was rebuilt by Robert, Eldest Son to William the Conqueror; and Newcastle upon Tine, to distin∣guish it from Newcastle under Line. In the Reign of Edward I. a Rich Man being taken Prisoner in the Town by the Scots, after his Ransom began the For∣tifications of it; and the rest of the Inhabitants fini∣shed this Work, which made it both safe and rich. Richard II. made it a Mayor Town. Long. 21. 30. Lat. 57. 34. Thus far Mr. Cambden: The Scots in 1640. seized this strong Town; and thereby began the Calamities of England, which lasted twenty years. In 1644. after a long Siege, the Scots took it the se∣cond time. October 19. Lewis Steward (Duke of Le∣nox,) was created Earl of Newcastle, in 1604. by James I. He dying without Issue, William Caven∣dish Viscount Mansfield, and Baron Ogle, was by Charles I. created Earl of Newcastle in 1627. Mar∣quess of Newcastle, in 1643. and Duke of the same in 1664. by Charles II. to whom succeeded Henry his Son in 1676. The Corporation Elects two mem∣bers of Parliament.

Newcastle under Line, a large Market Town in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of Pirehill, upon the rivulet, Line. It is a Borough Town, and hath the honour of electing two Members of the English Par∣liament.

New England, a large Country in North Ame∣rica; first discovered by Sebastian Cabot, under En∣glish Colours, in 1497. Entred upon for the English by Mr. Philip Amadas in 1584. It lies in forty and forty one deg. of North Lat. seventy Miles upon the Ocean, which affords it plenty of Harbours. The Air is healthful, but the Weather very uncertain. This Country was first begun to be Planted in 1606. In 1610. one Robinson, an Independent Preacher, struck in with the Design, and much promoted that Planta∣tion. It is well watered with Rivers; has great va∣riety of Wild Fowl, Wild Beasts; Timber in abun∣dance, Flax, Hemp, Corn of all sorts, Furrs, Amber, and Iron; wherewith the Inhabitants drive a gainful Trade with the other English Plantations in America. This Colony is very strong. They have built seven great Towns; the chief of which is Boston; which in 1670. had fifty Sail of Ships belonging to it. They would never submit to any Governour sent from Eng∣land, but lived like a Free State; till a Quo Warran∣to being sent against them in 1683. by K. Charles II. they submitted to Henry Cranfield Esq and in 1686. accepted Sir Edward Andrews as Governour for King James II.

The Dukedom of Newenburg, Neoburgum, called by the French Neubourg; is a Tract in Germany in Nortgow, upon the Danube; part of which lies in the Circle of Bavaria, and part in Schwaben. Hereto∣fore a part of the Dukedom of Bavaria; till Maxi∣milian I. granted it to the Children of Rupert, Prince Palatine. This Line ended in 1559. in the Person of Henry; after whom Succeeded Philip Lewis, Duke of Deuxponts, (or Zweybrucken) in which Family it still is. It takes its name from Newburg (Neobur∣gum,) a City in Bavaria upon the Danube; four Leagues from Donawert in Schwaben to the East, three from Ingolstad, and the same distance from Aichstadt to the South. The Duke of Newburg is lately be∣come Elector Palatine, by the Death of Charles the last Elector without Issue.

Newenburg, Newburg, Neopyrgum, a small City in Schwaben; in the Dukedom of Wurtsburg, upon the River Entz; in the Borders of the Marquisate of Baden: six German Miles from Stugart to the West, and as much from Spire to the South.

Newenburg, Newbourg, Neoburgum, a Town in Brisgow, upon the Rhine; between Brisach to the North, and Basil to the South: heretofore a Free Im∣perial City, but in 1410. exempted; and granted to the House of Austria. Since that, in 1675. it was much damnified, and in part destroyed.

Newenstad, Neustad, Neostadium, a City in Au∣stria, which is one of the principal Cities in that Dukedom; built in a Marshy low Ground, upon a small River; six German Miles from Vienna to the North. The Town is of a square Form, with a Pi∣azza in the middle; incompassed with two Walls and a Ditch. The outward Wall is not high; the inward is of no great strength, yet has defeated two Attempts of the Turks against it: in the latter of which, Soly∣man the Magnificent, (in 1529.) Stormed this Town seven times in one day, and was every time repulsed. In this City the Emperor has a Palace of a square building, with four Towers; which may be seen a great way off. There is another City of the same name in Bohemia, in the Dukedom of Oppelen; near the Borders of the Dukedom of Grotkaw, five Miles from Oppelen. There is a third in the Palatinate of the Rhine; four German Miles from Spire to the West, and two from Landaw to the North: once an Im∣perial City, but now exempt. A fourth in the Duke∣dom of Wurtsburg; two Miles from Wimpfen to the East, and a little more from Hailbrun. A fifth in the Dukedom of Brunswick upon the River Leyne, six Miles from Zell to the West; which is under the Duke of Hannover.

Newent, a Market Town in Gloucestershire, in the Hundred of Botlow.

The New Forest, a Forest in Hampshire, in compass about thirty Miles; in which Richard, the second Son of William the Conqueror was killed by a Deer: William, his third Son, was accidentally slain by Sr. Walter Tyrrel; and Robert Curtoyse, his Grand∣son, was struck into the jaws by the bough of a Tree and dyed. Which fatalities have been the more re∣marked, because, to make this Forest compleat for game, William the Conqueror caused no less than thirty Parish Churches, with many Towns and Villages, to be levelled to the ground.

Newhausel, Neoselium, a strong but small Town in the Ʋpper Hungary; called by the Hungarians Owar: it stands upon the River Nitria, two German Miles from the Danube to the North, and eleven from Presburg to the East. It is sented in a Marsh, which is its greatest strength. It has six Bastions made in the form of a Star, and walled up Breast height, a∣bove the Level within; the Dike not broad or deep. The Grand Vister sat down before this Town August 14. 1663. and took it the 27. with the loss of fifteen thousand Men. He immediately endeavoured to strengthen it, by bringing the River to run round: but however July 7. 1685. the Duke of Lorrain sat

down before it; and took it by Storm August 19. fol∣lowing; putting all the Garrison to the Sword.

Newmarckt, Novomarchia, a City of Transylva∣nia, called by the Hungarians Masserhely. It stands upon the River Merisch, at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains; thirty five Miles from Clausenburgh to the South-East. In this City the Assemblies of the States of Transylvania are most usually held.

New-Market, a Town in the Borders of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire; in a plain, yielding a large pro∣spect; ten Miles from Cambridge to the East. It consists of two Parishes, the one in Suffolk, the other in Cambridgeshire. Famous for Horse Races, and a House belonging to the Kings of England. A Fire in this Town saved the Life of Charles II. by necessi∣tating his return before the time appointed; which prevented the designs of the Rie-House Conspira∣tors.

Newnham, a Market Town in Gloucestershire, in the Hundred of Fauseley.

Newport, Medena, Novus Portus, a Town in the Isle of Wight; which is the Capital of the Island. Well seated, much frequented, and very populous. It has a small Haven; and is a Corporation, which sends two Burgesses to Parliament, by the Grant of James I. Charles I. honoured it also by Creating Mountjoy Blount, Earl of Newport, in 1628. This Honour is now enjoyed by Henry his Son, who is the third Earl of this Family. Long. 19. 14. Lat. 50. 40.

Newport upon the Usk, a considerable Sea-Port Town in the County of Monmouth; seated between the Ebwith and the Ʋsk; with a fair Bridge over the latter; two Miles from the Severn to the North. As the Ʋske discharges it self into the Severn, it makes a good haven, which bears the name of this Town.

Newport Pagnel, a Market Town in Buckin∣ghamshire, upon the Ouse; over which it hath two Bridges. The Capital of its Hundred.

Newport, in Pembrokeshire, is a considerable Town in the North-West part of that County, upon the Irish Sea; built at the foot of an high Mountain, by the side of the River Neverns. By Martin of Tours, and the procurement of his Posterity, made a Corporation also, returning one member to the English Parliament; in which afterwards they built a Castle for their Habitation.

Newport in Shropshire, a handsome Market Town in the Hundred of S. Bradford, South of Drayton; and upon a long plain, adjoyning to Stafford∣shire.

Newport, Novus Portus, a strong Sea-Port Town in Flanders, of old called Santhoft, that is, the Sandy Head. It has a competent Haven upon the German Ocean, at the Mouth of the River Yperle; five Leagues from Dunkirk to the East, and three from Ostend to the West. Still in the Hānds of the Spaniards. Near this place Prince Maurice of Nassaw, gave the Spa∣niards a great overthrow, Feb. 25. 1600.

Newton, a Market and Borough-town in Lanca∣shire, in the Hundred of Salford, privileged with the Election of two Parliament-men.

Newton-Abbot or Newton-Bishops, a Market Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Heyter.

Newtown, a Market Town in the County of Mont∣gomery in Wales, in the Hundred of Kidriorn.

Neyland, a considerable Market Town in the County of Suffolk, in the Hundred of Babergh, up∣on the River Stower. It stands in a rich bottom, and drives the cloathing Trade.

Neytracht. See Nitracht.

Niancheu, Niancheum, a considerable City in the Province of Chekram in China.

Niaren More, the Russian Name of the North Ocean or Frozen Sea; called Mare Scythicum.

Nicaragua, a Region in New Spain, in North A∣merica, of great extent; between the North Sea to the East, the South Sea to the West, the Province of Hondura to the North, and La Costa Rica to the South. Also called New Leon, from Leon de Nica∣ragua, the principal City in it: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mexico; and is intirely in the hands of the Spaniards. In this Region, there is a Lake, one hundred and thirty Leagues long; which ebbs and flows, and discharges it self into the North Sea called the Lake of Nicaragua: The City Leon stands upon it. The riches and fertility in sine of this Province has given it the name, with some, of Maho∣mets Paradise.

Nicaphtach, Oxus, a great River in Persia.

Nicaria, an Island in the Archipelago, towards Asia; which has Samo to the East, Naxia to the West, Sio to the North, and Patmos to the South. There is a City in it of its own name, formerly a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rhodes, before the Turks took the Island from the Genouese in the fourteenth Century, and subjected it to the Sangiack of Galli∣poli. It enjoys a good and improvable Soil. The passage betwixt Samo, and it is dangerous. Upon the Eastern Coast therefore, in a very high Tower, they keep a light for a signal to Sailours. The first and eldest names of this Island, says Pausanias, were Ma∣cris, Pergamus, and Icaria. It is about forty Miles in circumference, the length much exceeding the breadth; and anciently it was honoured with a Tau∣ropolion, a famous Temple dedicated to Diana.

Nicastro, Nicastrum and Neocastrum, a small City at the foot of the Apennine, in the Further Ca∣labria, in the Kingdom of Naples, within five or six Miles of the Sea. Honored with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reggio.

Nicaea, a City of Bithynia, which is an Archbishops See; of old called Antigonia, (from its Builder); in Pliny Olbia, and in Stephanus Ancore; and named Nicaea by Lysimachus in honor of his Wife; now cal∣led Isnich, from a neighbouring great Lake, Nichor, and Nichea. This City is particularly famous for the first General Council here held against Arrianism, and touching the time of the celebrating of Easter with some points of Church Discipline, in the Imperial Pa∣lace, by the Command of Constantine the Great, in 325: which had three hundred and eighteen Bishops in it. There was another designed here in 359. for the promoting Arianism; but it was disappointed by an Earthquake, which ruined a great part of the City. There was a second General Council here in 787. con∣sisting of three hundred and fifty Bishops; where Image-Worship was approved; which Charles the Great censured in a Council at Franckford, in 794. consisting of three hundred Bishops. This City was taken by Godfrey de Bovillon in his Passage to Jeru∣salem, in 1097. out of the Hands of the Infidels; by whom it was restored to the Greek Emperor. In 1329. it was besieged by Orchanes II. of the Ottoman Line. Andronicus, the Greek Emperor, coming up to its Re∣lief was wounded, and forced to retire; yet the City held out, and was taken by a Stratagem rather than force the year following. It stands forty four Miles from Nicomedia to the North, twenty five from Pru∣sia to the West; in Long. 57. 30. Lat. 42. 25.

Nice, Nicaea, a City in Provence in France; cal∣led also Nizza, Nicia, and Nice de Provence; which is a great, splendid, populous City; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ambrun; seated upon the Shoar of the Mediterranean Sea, furnished with a large Haven, and a Castle; two Miles from the Mouth of the River Var or Varo, and seven from Port Monaco to the West. This City was subject to the Earls of Provence, till 1365; when it was left by Qu Joanna

to Lewis II. Duke of Savoy, with the County belong∣ing to it; it is still subject to that Family; and is the most Western Town in Italy, in the present esteem. Built at first by the Marsilians, in Commemoration of a Victory they had obtained over the Ligurii. Next it became subject to the Kings of Burgundy, and then to the Earls of Provence. Long. 30. 20. Lat. 43. 45. In 1538. Pope Paul III. had an enterview here with Francis I. King of France, and the Emperor Charles V. at which they agreed to a truce of ten years. In 1545. The French and Turks together, (the latter, commanded by their Admiral Barberousse) took the City, but could not take the Castle. It hath besides the Cathedral, three Parishes, one College, and divers religious Houses; and it gives sufficient marks of its antiquity in Inscriptions, ruines, &c. The County of Nizza, whereof it is the Capital, includes the Coun∣ties of Tende and Bueil; together with the four Vi∣cariates of Nice, Barcelonette, Sospello and Pue∣rin.

Nice, Nicaea, once a City and a Bishops See in Ma∣cedonia, now a Village; inhabited by Turks and Bul∣garians. Thirty four Miles from Ocrida, (or Giustan∣dil, as the Turks call it) towards Heraclea; its Ruins shew it to have been a vast City.

Nichor, Nicaea.

Nicomedia, the ancient Capital City of Bithynia, in Asia Minor; called vulgarly Comidia, and by the Turks Ismid, and Isnigimid. It stands upon the as∣cent of a delicious little Hill, (embellish'd with Foun∣tains, Vines, Corn, and Fruits,) towards the Coast of the Propontis, or the Sea of Marmora; upon a Gulph of its own name, about half a League in breadth, convenient for the building of Ships. In ancient times it was one of the most considerable and important Cities of the East. Built by a King of Bithynia of the same name, says Strabo. Hannibal poysoned him∣self here, in the Reign of Prusias King of Bithynia, to avoid his being delivered to the Romans. Constan∣stine the Great dyed in or very near this City; which received the Christian Religion early, and became ho∣noured with divers Martyrdoms. In 358. a violent Earthquake, described particularly by Ammianus Mar∣cellinus, almost entirely ruined it, at a time, when the Emperor Constantius was to celebrate an Arrian Council at it. A number of Greek and Latin Inscri∣ptions appear there yet to be seen: And some relations tell us, it is now inhabited by about thirty thousand People, Greeks, Armenians, Jews and Turks, who have their respective Mosques and Churches, and trade much in Linnen and Silks.

Nicoping, Nicopinga, a City of Sweden, which is the Capital of Sudermannia, upon the Shoars of the Baltick Sea; thirteen Miles from Stockholm to the North-West, and seven from Norkop to the South-East. It has an Haven and a Castle; the ancient Seat of the Dukes of this Province, and the Residence of Charles the last Duke, before he was advanced to the Crown of Sweden.

Nicoping, a Town of Denmark, in the Isle of Falster; over against Laland; eleven Danish Miles from Copenhagen to the South: in which Christopher II. King of Denmark, died in 1333. A small, but a fine Town.

Nicopolis, in the Lesser Armenia. See Gianich. § In Bulgaria, see Nigeboli. § In Epirus, see Pre∣veza. § In Judaesa, the same with Emmaus.

Nicosia, Leucosia, Nicosia, a City in the Isle of Cyprus; which is an Archbishops See: strong, popu∣lous, and seated in the midst of the Island. It was the Seat of the Kings of this Island; and after that, of the Venetian Governours; till in 1571. taken by the Turks, whose Governor still Resides in it. This City is three Miles in compass, and stands in a fruitful well watered Plain.

Nicotera, a City in the Further Calabria, upon the Tyrrhenian Sea; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Regio: little, and not well inhabited; having suffered very much by an Earthquake in 1638. Long. 40.00 Lat 38. 25.

Nicoya, a City and County in Nicaragua in New Spain, in America.

Nicsia. See Naxia.

Nidrosia, a River of Norway, which falls by Dron∣theim into the Virgivian Ocean: the City Drontheim is called by the same name in Latin Writers. In Lat. 64. 36.

Nied Teutsche or Alleman, Nita Germanica, a River which ariseth in the Forest of Loraine; and taking in the Nied Fransois, (Nitam Romanam), which watereth Haudonville, Estangs, and Niedburg; they thus united hast to Bosonville; and there fall into the Seare or Sare, a little above Trier.

Niemeca, Germany.

Niemen. See Memel.

Nienhuis, Nienhusium, a Castle near Paderborn, upon the confluence of the Alme and the Lippe; built by Theodore Furstemberg, (Bishop of Paderborn) for the Residence of his Successors. Nero Claudius, and Charles the Great, had before built Castles in this very place; the first against the Sicambri, the second a∣gainst the Saxons.

Nieper, Borysthenes, a River of Poland, very well known to Ptolemy, and the Ancien's: it ariseth in Moscovy, in the Palatinate of Bielki, near Dnieprisco; and flowing Westward, entereth Lithuania, (a Pro∣vince of Poland) watereth Smolensko and Orssa; then turning South, passeth by Mohilow, Rohaozow and Rezozyca; above which last it receives the Berezina from the West, and passeth South-East to Lojoworod; beneath which it takes in the Peripecz, a vast River from the West. So hasteth to Kiovia, above which it admits the Deszna, a vast River from the East; from hence it runs South-East by Risszow, Czyrcassy, and as far as the Rocky Stones; where it turns South-West by the Zaporavia Islands, and falls into the Eu∣xine Sea almost four English Miles East of Bialogrod; a few Miles above its Outlet it takes in the Bog, a vast River from the West. It has seventy five Miles above its Outlets thirteen Cataracts called by the Inhabitants Porowys; which make it impossible to carry any Boat higher up its Stream.

The Niester, Tyras, a River of Poland: called also the Turla: it springeth out of a small Lake in Red Russia, nine Polish Miles from Premysle to the East, and four from Lemberg to the South; running East through Pokutie and Podolia, it separates Brac∣law from Walachia; and in Bessarabia falls into the Euxine Sea, sixty Miles from the Mouth of the Danube to the North. Baudrand. But the latter Maps make it not much above twenty English Miles.

Nigeboli, Nicopolis, a City built by Trajan, after the Conquest of Decebalus, King of the Dacians, (who was a valiant and wise Prince) at the Confluence of the Isacar and the Danube in Bulgaria. It was at first a Bishoprick; but now an Archbishops See; com∣monly called Nigeboli; but by the Turks, Sciltaro. Ten Hungarian Miles from the Borders of Servia to the East, and three from Silistria to the North. Near this City the Christians received a great Overthrow from the Turks, in 1393; under Sigismund the Em∣peror. Long. 50. 20. Lat. 45. 15.

Nigir, Niger, the greatest River of Africa; cal∣led by the Inhabitants Huid Nijar; it ariseth in Aethi∣opia, from a Lake of the same Name; and turning Westward, divides Nigritia into two parts, to the

East and West, the space of eight hundred Leagues. It encreases in the middle of June like the Nile, and overflows the Country. This continues twenty four days; and the decrease the same. After a long Course, and the Reception of many Rivers, (whose Names are unknown to us) it falls into the Atlantick Ocean by six great Outlets; which are all (but one) South of Cape Verde.

Nigritia, a large Country of Africa, extended on each side the River Niger which divides it from East to West into two parts; lying and bounded betwixt Guinee to the South, the Atlantick Ocean to the West, and the vast deserts of Zaara to the East and North. The Kingdoms of Borno, Agades, Cano or Ghana, Tombut, Gualata, Guenehoa, Gaoga, and divers others of note and great extent, are contained in this division of Africa. The Inhabitants are the Negroes, above∣mentioned; who make a Trade of selling not only the Prisoners they steal or force from their Neighbors, but even their own Wives and Children, for Slaves, to the Europeans.

Nile, Nilus, a vast River in Africa; which ariseth from two Fountains in the higher Aethiopia, in the Abyssins Empire; in a Country called Sacahala, a∣mongst high Mountains; and being enlarged by the Gema, Kelti, and Branti, it passeth through the South part of the Lake of Dambea, to the greatest Cataracts. Before it enters Nubia, it takes in the River Meleg, and afterwards the Tacaze at Jalac; and entering and traversing the Ʋpper Egypt, four Miles beneath Grand Cairo, it divides first into two, and after into more Branches; which anciently made the number of seven, but are now reduced to four; the rest being stopped up by the Sands of the Medi∣terranean Sea, and those brought down by the Ri∣ver; the Mahometan Princes (who have been many Ages Lords of Egypt) taking no care to keep them open. The Eastern Branch falls into the Mediter∣ranean Sea by Damiata, and was of old called Os Pelusiacum. The Western was then named Canopus, and falls into the same Sea below Rosetto. These two make the Delta an Island, which is the richest por∣tion of Land in Egypt. There are two other Outlets between these, but poor in Waters, saith Mr. Sandys. This River is the only cause of the Fertility of Egypt; beginning every year to rise with the Rising Sun, June 17. and swelling sometimes to twenty four Cu∣bits. About the middle of September it begins to decrease: about a Month after they sow their Grounds; and in May reap them. The Cause of this Inundation is now known to be the Rains, which fall in Aethio∣pia for three Months together in their Winter, and the Aegyptian Summer. They of Egypt owe not only their Food, but many of them their Lives to the swel∣lings of this River: insomuch that when five hundred die of the Plague at Grand Cairo the day before, not one dies the day after. These Waters are sweet to the taste, cool and wholsom; and extremely Nutritive both to Plants and Animals. It has plenty of Fish, and too many Crocodiles; some of which live to be thirty foot long; but rarely come so low as Grand Cairo. Mr. Thevenot begins the encrease of the Nile, May 16. or 20. and saith, the Publication is made June 28. or 29. He saith, they give no account of its encrease beyond September 24 tho it often swells to the beginning of October, and gradually abates till the Month of May. He gives also this account of the Head of the Nile, from the Report of an Aethiopian Ambassador he met at Grand Cairo. The Head of Nile is a Well that springs out of the Ground in a large Plain, called Ovembromma, in the Province of Ago; which casts up the Waters very high; the Well being twelve days Journey from Gouthar, the Capital of Aethiopia. These Waters running Northwards, pass by seven Cataracts before they enter into Egypt; and he saith, there are no Mountains near its Head by three weeks journey. If the River doth not rise six∣teen foot, a Famine follows for want of Water: if it swells to twenty four, there is a Dearth; because the Seed time is lost. The Abyssines entitle the Nile, the Father of Rivers.

Nimmeghen, Noviomagum, a City of the Low Countries, mentioned by Antoninus in his Itinerary; called now by the Inhabitants Nimeguen; by the French Nimegue; by the Spaniards Nimega. It is the Capital of the Dukedom of Guelderland, under the Ʋnited Provinces; seated upon the Wael, be∣tween the Rhine and the Maez; two Leagues from Arnheim to the South, six from Ʋtrecht to the East, three from Cleves to the West, and twenty from Co∣logn to the same. Anciently a Free Imperial City, but afterwards exempt, and subject to the Dukes of Guel∣derland; being Mortgaged to one of them by Wil∣liam Earl of Holland, who was then chosen Emperor of Germany. About the Year 1585, this City was much inclined to the Interest of the Roman Catholick Religion. In the Year 1589, the Hollanders endea∣voured without any good success to reduce it; when Skenkius (their General) was drowned in the Wael. In the Year 1591, Prince Maurice took it after a sharp Siege. In the Year 1672, it was taken by the French; the only Town in all those Provinces which fought for its Liberty: the year after the French de∣serted it. In 1678, there was a Peace agreed here be∣tween the French and the Spaniards. In the Year 1679, between the Germans and the French. This City is said to have been first built by the Catti, and the Castle by Julian the Apostate, whilst he was in France; Charles the Great built here a Noble Palace; which together with this City was burnt by the Nor∣mans. The Germans prevailing against the Normans, rebuilt the City; and gave it many Privileges; several of the Emperors residing in it, till at last it was mort∣gaged to Otho, Duke of Guelderland; and became the Capital of that Dukedom.

Ningive, Ningiva, a City in the Province of Leo∣tunin, in China. Baudrand.

Ningque, Ningqua, a City in the Province of Nankin in China.

Ninive, Ninus, an ancient and most celebrated City of Assyria; mentioned in the Sacred and Profane Sto∣ries. Built by Ashur, the second Son of Shem, ac∣cording to Josephus, and the vulgar translation of Gen. 10. 11. But Bochartus transposes that verse, and endeavours to prove, that Nimrod was its Foun∣der, going forth out of the Land of Ashur. Others say, Ninus built, or at least augmented it, and gave it his own name. Diodorus Siculus has left us a state∣ly description of it. In the time of Jonas, we read, it was an exceeding great City of three days journey: Jon. 2. 3. that is, in St. Jerom's construction, in cir∣cuit. The Prophets foretold its destruction; which accordingly happened under Merodach and Nebucha∣donosar, Kings of Assyria. It lies now in Ruins. Out of it is sprung a new City, called Mosul, built on the other side of the Tigris, which is under the Turks; an hundred Miles from Bagat to the North.

Ninove, Niniva, a small City in Flanders, in the County of Alost; not above two Leagues from Alost to the South; in the middle between Brussels to the East, and Oudenarde to the West.

Niort, Noverogus, a Town in Poictou, thirteen Leagues from Rochelle to the North-East.

Niphates, the ancient name of that part of the Mountain Taurus, which runs betwixt Armenia and Mesopotamia. Now called Curdo. It gives source to a River of the same name, passing through the same Countries to fall in the Tigris.

Niphonia, or Niphon, a great Island belonging to Japan, the principal Province of that Empire; in which are Jedo and Meaco, the Royal Cities, where the King resides. It is divided into five Territories or Provinces Jamaisoit, Jetsegen, Jesten, Ochio and Quanto: being about sixty Leagues in Circuit.

Nisa, Nyssa, a City of Lydia in the Lesser Asia, which is a Bishops See. Long. 59. 10. Lat. 40. 50.

Nisibin, Nisibis, the principal City of Mesopota∣mia, of great Antiquity; mentioned by Pliny and Strabo. It is now an Archbishops See; and the Ca∣pital of Diarbeck; under the Turks. It stands upon the River Zaba, which falls into the Tigris, under Mount Taurus; thirty five Miles from the Tigris to the West, fifty from Amida to the South, and seventy five from Taurus to the South-West. In 1338. Sapo∣res, King of Persia, besieg'd it in vain.

Nisi, Coron, a City in the Morea.

Nisi, Nysa, a City of Armenia the Lesser; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Caesarea; from which it stands sixty Miles to the East. Long. 66. 30. Lat. 40. 20.

Nisi, Enisis, a small River on the East of Sicily; which falls into the Sea between Messina to the North, and Cap di S. Alescio to the South, by the Town of Scaletta.

Nisita, Nesis, an Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, upon the Coast of the Terra di Lavoro in Italy, three Miles from Pozzuoli.

Nismes, Nimes, Nemausium, Volcarum Areco∣micorum Nemausus, a City of France, in the Lower Languedoc; which was a Roman Colony, of great Antiquity; now a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Narbone; in which there is an Amphitheatre, very perfect, and many other Roman Antiquities; it is now in a flourishing State; in the middle between Avignon to the East, and Montpellier to the West; seven Leagues from either. This City was, in the late Civil Wars, one of the Bulwarks of the Huguenots; hath had its Counts and Viscounts; and in ancient times some Synods have been assembled at it. Long 25. 05. Lat. 43. 6.

Nisau, Nissa, Nisi, Naisum, one of the principal Cities of Servia; seated upon a River of the same Name, which falls into the Morava; fifteen German Miles from Scopia to the North, and twelve from Giu∣standil to the West, and forty two from Thessalonica to the North-West. On September 24. 1689, the Im∣perialists defeated entirely an Army of forty thousand Turks near this place; and the next day took possession of it without any Opposition. Again, September, 1690, the Turks recovered it from the Imperialists, after a three weeks Attack

Nithe••dale, Nithia, a County in the South of Scotland, near the Borders of England; which has Cluydesdale on the North, Anandale on the East, Solway Fyrth on the South, and Galloway on the West. The River Nyth, which denominates it, runs through it: Its Capital Town is Dunfreis.

Nitracht, or Neytracht, Nitria, a City of the Ʋpper Hungary; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Gran; and stands upon a small River of the same Name. Ten German Miles from Pres∣burgh to the East, the same distance from Gran to the North, and five from Newhausel to the same. It is the Capital of a small County of the same Name; and in the Hands of the Emperour, whilst New∣hausel was under the Turks.

Nitria, see Nitracht. § Also a Mountain in Egypt, which has been sanctified by the retreat of di∣vers Anchorites.

Nirt, the Residence of the Dukes of Curland.

Nivata, a City and Province of Japan, in the Island Niphon, and the Region of Quanto.

Niuche, Niucanum, a Kingdom in the Asian Tar∣tary; the King of which has lately conquered China. This is called by others Tenduc.

Nive, Nivus, a River of France in Aquitain; called by the Inhabitants, Errobi. It ariseth in the Borders of the Kingdom of Navarr; and watering the Town of S. Jean de Pied Port, falls into the Adour, through Bayonne.

Nivernois, Ambarri, Nevernensis Comitatus, is a Province in France, of great extent upon the Lorre. It has the Dukedom of Burgundy on the East, that of Bourbone on the South, Berry on the West, and Or∣leance on the North. The Vadicasses were the an∣cient Inhabitants of this Province. Nevers is its Ca∣pital City: the rest of any note are La Charite, Cosne, Clamecy, Decize, and Corbigny. This Province hath the honour of the Title of a Dukedom.

Nizza della Paglia, a Town in the Dukedom of Montferrat in Italy, betwixt Ast and Aqui; which hath partaked of the sufferings of the Civil Wars of its Country.

Nizza. See Nice.

Noailies, a Town in the Province of Limosin, in Aquitain, in France: giving name to a Family of Honour.

Nocera, Nuceria, a City of S. Peter's Patrimony, in Italy, of great Antiquity; which is a Bishops See, immediately under the Pope; seated at the Foot of the Apennine, in the Borders of the Marchia Ancc∣nitana, at the Fountains of the River Topino: sixteen Miles from Spoleto to the North, and fifteen from Ca∣merino to the West. Some are of opinion, that this is the same place with that which Livy calls Alpha∣terna.

Nocera, a City in the Kingdom of Naples, in the hither Principate; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Salerno; and a Dukedom belonging to the Family of Barberino. Called for distinction from the Precedent, by those of the Country, Nocera di Pagani, because it hath been taken formerly by the Saracens. The ancients in many places speak of it. It stands eight Miles from Salerno to the South-West, and twenty two from Naples to the South. § There is a Town of this Name in Calabria; eight Miles from Amantea to the South, and three from the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Noere, Notra, a River of Angoumois in France.

Noesenstad Bistritia, the same with Bestercze.

Nogar ••or Nogarol, the Capital Town of the Coun∣ty of Armagnac, in the Ʋpper Gascony, in France; upon the River Modou, below Monlesun. The La∣tin Writers call it Nogariolum and Nugariolum. It has a Collegiate Church, and in the Years 1290. 1303. 1316. there were Synods assembled here.

Nogent l'Artaud, a Town in the Province of Champagne in France, upon the Marne; below Chastean Thierri.

Nogent le Retrou, Nonigentum Rotrudum, the fairest Village in France; the Capital of the County of La Perche; seated upon the River Huyna. Four∣teen Leagues from Chartres, (the Capital of La Beausse) and honored with the Title of a Dukedom. The En∣glish heretofore took it under the Earl of Salisbury. Charles VII. King of France retook it in 1449. The little River Ronne falls into the Huisne here.

Nogent le Roy, a Town in la Beausse in France, upon the Eure, betwixt Dreux and Chartres.

Nogent sur seine, a Town in Champaigne, upon the River Seine, which it covers with a Stone Bridge.

Nola, a City and Colony in Campania Foelix, (now Terra di Lavoro) in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Naples; in a tolerable State, and shews many Footsteps of its great

Antiquity. Hannibal besieged it without any success, in the Year of Rome 540. In or near this City Au∣gustus (the first Roman Emperor) died, Anno Christi, 14. Not less famous for being the Birth-place of S. Pau∣linus, who was afterwards Bishop of it. It stands four∣teen Miles from Naples towards the East, near the Ri∣ver Agno, Clanis.

Noli, Naulum, Naulium, a small City in the States of Genoua; which is a Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Genoua. It stands in a Plain, on the Shoars of the Ligurian Sea; but it has no Harbor, as I have often seen, (saith Baudrand.) Once a Free State; now subject to the State of Genoua; from which City it stands thirty one Miles to the West, betwixt Savonna and Albengua.

Nombre de Dios, Nomen Dei, Onomatheopolis, a City of Terra firma, a Province upon the Streights of Panama; twenty five Leagues from Panama to the North; which has a noble and safe Harbor, to the North Sea: Built by the Spaniards, but since forsa∣ken, for its unwholsome air.

Nomentum or Nomentano, the Capital Town of the ancient Nomentani in Latium, frequently men∣tioned by the Classicks. It hath sometime been a Bishops See, but now is only a Village, in the Duchy of Monte-Rotundo, in the States of the Church.

Nomeny, Nomenium, a City or great Town in the Dukedom of Lorain, in the Territory of Messin, upon the River Seile, Salia; five Miles from Nancy to the South, and seven from Marsal to the South-East.

Nona, Aenona, a City of Dalmatia, mentioned by Ptolemy; which is now a Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Zara or Zadar; well fortified: ten Miles from Zara to the North. It is under the Venetians, and hath a Port to the Adriatique. The Sclavonians call it Nin. Some admit it to be the Aenona of the ancients.

Nonsuch, a Palace Royal in the County of Surrey, not far from Epsham: delightfully situated, and magnificently built by K. Henry VIII.

De Noordtshe Bee, Mare Germanicum, the German Ocean.

Norcia, Nursia, a small City in the Dominions of the Church; placed by Livy, Pliny, and the rest of the Ancients, in Ʋmbria. It stands amongst the Hills, near the Apennine, by the River Fredda; six Miles from the Marchia Anconitana to the South; between Aquila to the East, and Spoletto to the West; thirteen from either. This was the Country of S. Be∣nedict, the Father of the Western Monks; as also of Sertorius, the great Roman Commander, slain in Spain. It hath been an Episcopal See.

Norden, Nordenum, a City in Westphalia in East-Friesland, upon the German Ocean; to which it hath a considerable Port: under the Prince of East-Friesland, sixteen Miles from Embden to the North.

Nordlingen, Norlinga, a City of Schwaben, in the Year 1251, made a Free Imperial City: it stands upon the River Eger; four German Miles from La∣wingen to the North, ten from VVerden to the South-West, and from Ingolstad to the West: between the Territories of the Duke of Newburgh, and the Count of Oetingen. Famous by a Defeat of the Swedes in 1634, and a Victory of the Swedes and French in 1645, tho otherwise small, and in a decaying condi∣tion. This place is called by the French, Norlingue; and by the Germans also written Norlinghen.

Norfolk, Norfolcia, a County on the Eastern Coast of England. Bounded on the North with the German Ocean; on the East in part by the same O∣cean, in part by Suffolk; on the South by the Rivers of VVaveney and the little Ouse, which part it from Suffolk; on the West with the great Ouse; and to∣wards Lincolnshire with that part of the Nene, which passeth from VVisbich to the Washes. It containeth in length from Yarmouth to VVisbich fifty Miles, in breadth from Thetford to VVells thirty; in circuit about two hundred and forty. The Southern parts, which are Wood Lands, are fruitfull; the Northern or Champain, barren and dry. In the whole are six hundred and sixty Parishes, and thirty one Market Towns; and besides the VVaveney and the Ouse, watered by the Rivers Yare and Thryn. Its Ca∣pital City, Norwich. The largest County next to Yorkshire, in England; and surpassing even Yorkshire in populousness. In the time of the Heptarchy, it was a part of the Kingdom of the East-Angles. The first Earl of Norfolk was Ralph de VVaet, Created in the Year 1075. After whom succeeded the Bigots from 1135, to 1270, in six Descents. In 1313, Tho. de Brotherton, a Son of Edward I. was made Earl of Norfolk: Margaret his Daughter, in 1398, was made Duchess; whose Son Thomas Mowbray, (and his Descendents) continued the Honor to the Year 1461. In 1475, Richard Duke of York was made Duke of Norfolk. In 1483, John Lord Howard was vested with the same Honor, in whose Family it now is. Henry the present Duke of Norfolk being the ninth Duke of this Race.

Norimburgh. See Nurenberg.

Norin, a fort of Dalmatia, betwixt the River Narenta, and the branch thereof called Norin, which returns into the bed of the Narenta again. Under the Venetians.

Norkoping, Norcopia, a small City in Sweden, between two Lakes; five Miles from the Baltick Sea; in the Province of Ostrogothia, by the River Motala: ten Miles from the Lake Veter, East.

Normandy, Neustria, Normannia, is a great and fruitful Province in France, which has the Title of a Dukedom. It has this name from the Normans; who, under Rollo their first Duke, setled here in the time of Charles the Simple, King of France. Bound∣ed on the North and West by the British Sea; on the East by Picardy; on the South by le Perche, and le Maine. It lies sixty six Leagues from East to West, and from North to South about thirty; the principal City in it is Roan or Roiien. This Province is divided into twelve Counties; but more usually into the Upper and Lower Normandy: the former containing the Bailywicks of Roiien, Eureux, Caux, and Gisors: the other those of Alenzon, Caen, and Constantin. Its principal Rivers are the Seine, Eure, Risle, Dive, Soule, Ouve, &c. A cold Climate, plentiful in Corn, Cattel, and Fruits; but generally wanting Wine. It yields some Mines of Iron and Brass, together with Medicinal Waters: Is better in∣habited by Gentry, than almost any other Province of France; and reckons above a hundred Cities, and a hundred and fifty great Towns standing in it. Rollo the first Duke, (under whom the Nor∣mans besieged Paris three times) obtained that Ti∣tle in 912. from Charles the Simple, (who gave his Daughter in Marriage to him,) upon condition to hold Normandy in homage to the Crown. Wil∣liam the base Son of Robert (the sixth Duke) Con∣quered England in 1066: by which means it was United to the Crown of England till 1202: when King John was outed of it. Henry V. about 1420. reconquered this Duchy: His Son lost it again about 1450. ever since which time it has been annexed to the Crown of France.

De Noort Caep, Rubaea, Rubeae Promontorium, is the most Northern Point of Finmark; and indeed of all Europe. § There is a Cape of the same Name in Guiana, in South America.

Nortgow, Nortgovia, a Province of Germany; between Bohemia to the East, the Danube to the

East and South, (which parts it from Bavaria;) Schwaben and Franconia to the West, and Voigt∣land to the North. The Capital of it is Norimburg. This name, in the German Tongue, signifies the North Country. It was the Seat of the antient People, Narisc••.

North-Allerton, A Market Town in the North-Riding of Yorkshire, near the Stream Wisk, which falls into the Swale. The Capital of its Hundred.

Northamptonshire, Northantonia, is seated almost in the midst of England: on the North it is parted from Lincolnshire by the River Weland; on the East from Huntington by the Nene; on the South it has Buckingham and Oxford; and on the West Warwickshire, separated by Watlingstreet, a Roman way. From North to South it is forty six Miles in length; but not full twenty in breadth where broadest. In the whole, there are three hundred twenty six Parish∣es and thirteen Market Towns. The Rivers Nen and VVeland have their rise in this County, together with the Ouse. The Air is temperate; the Soil rich, fruitful, champain; full of People. The chief Town is Northampton, pleasantly seated on the Bank of the River Nen, where two Rivulets from the North and South fall into it; which for its Circuit, Beauty, and Buildings, may be compared with most of the Cities of England. It was burnt by the Danes. In the Wars in King John's time it suffered much from the Barons. Near this City in 1460. Henry VI. was overthrown; and first taken Prisoner by Edward IV. In 1261▪ the Students of Cambridge are said to have removed hither by the King's Warrant, with Inten∣tions to have setled the University here. In the Reign of King Charles II. Sept. 1675. it was totally de∣stroyed by Fire; but by the favour of that gracious Prince, and the chearful Contributions of good Peo∣ple, soon rebuilt. Long. 19. 40. Lat. 52. 36. To omit the more ancient Families; VVilliam, Lord Compton, was created Earl of Northampton, by King James I. in 1618. The present Earl, George, is the fourth of this Noble Family.

Northausen, Northusia, an Imperial Free City of Germany, in Thuringia, upon the River Zorge; between Erford to the South, and Halberstad to the North; eight German Miles from either. This City is under the Protection of the Elector of Saxony; and said to have been built by Meroveus I. King of the Franks, in the Year of Christ 447.

The North Foreland, Cantium, a Cape of the Isle of Tha•••••••• in Kent; famous for a Sea Fight be∣tween the English and the Dutch, in 1666. When the brave Duke of Albemarle, with only two Squa∣drons of the English Fleet, maintained a Fight against the whole Dutch Fleet of an hundred Sail, two days together: Prince Rupert coming up in the Evening of the second day, the English fell again (the third) on the Dutch Fleet, and beat them home: which, all things considered, was the most wonderful Naval Fight that ever was fought upon the Ocean.

Northumberland, Northumbria, is parted on the South by the Derwent and the Tyne from the Bishop∣rick of Durham: on the East it has the German Ocean; on the North Scotland: on the West Scot∣land and Cumberland: it has the form of a Triangle or Wedge, containing in length from North to South about forty Miles, in breadth where it is the broadest, thirty: in the whole, four hundred and sixty Parishes, and only six Market Towns. The Air is cold and sharp; the Soil barren and rugged, but much im∣proved by the Industry of its Inhabitants; and chiefly towards the Sea, fertile. The Bowels of the Earth are full of Coal Mines, whence a great part of England ••s supplied with that Fewel. The principal Places in •••• are Newcastle and Berwick▪ George Fitz-Roy a Natural Son of Charles II. was created Duke of Nor∣thumberland in 1674. Which Title had been once before enjoyed by John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, created Duke of Northumberland by K. Edward VI. in 1551. and beheaded by Q. Mary. After the death of the said John, the Title of Earl of Northum∣berland returned to the Percies: in whose Family, as it had heretofore belong'd to them from the Year 1337, when Henry Piercy, Lord Constable, possessed it under K. Richard II. and was succeeded in it by five of his Name and Family, with little interruption; so it continued till the Year 1670, when Joceline Piercy died at Turin without Issue Male.

North-Curry, a Market Town in Somersetshire, upon the River Tone: and the Capital of its Hundred.

Northwich, a Market Town in Cheshire, upon the River Dane, which runs into the Weeve: the Ca∣pital of its Hundred. Its Salt-pits render it remark∣able.

Norway, Norvegia, Nerigon, Basilia, is a King∣dom of great extent on the North-Western Shoar of Europe; called by the Inhabitants Norricke, and by Contraction Norke; by the Germans, Norwegen. Heretofore esteemed the Western part of Scandina∣via; and called Nerigon, as Cluverius saith: it reaches from the Entrance of the Baltick Sea, to al∣most the North Cape: but not of equal breadth. On the East a long Ridge of Mountains, always covered with Snow, (called Sevones,) separate it from Swe∣den. Barren and Rocky; or overgrown with vast and unpassable Woods. Its length is about one thou∣sand and three hundred English Miles; and two hun∣dred and fifty its breadth. Divided into five Provin∣ces; Aggerhus, Bergensus, Dronthemhus, VVardhus, and Bahus. The Inhabitants traffick abroad with Dryed Fish, Whales Grease, and Timber. Of the same Religion with the Danes; and some of them enclined to Magick, like the Laplanders. The Glama is the only River in this Kingdom that is suf∣ficient to carry Vessels of great burden. In 1646. a discovery was made of a golden Mine, near Opslow; which was quickly exhausted. Bahus was resign∣ed to the King of Sweden in 1658. There depend upon this Kingdom several Islands; as Iseland, Groen∣land, Spitzberg, the Isles of Feroe, and those of Ork∣ney; the latter whereof were resigned to James VI. of Scotland. The principal Cities are Drontheim, and Berghen. This had Kings of its own from very an∣cient times; but in 1326. it was first united to Den∣mark in the Person of Magnus III. In 1376. they became so united, that they were never since sepa∣rated.

Norwich, Nordovicum, Norvicum, is a rich, po∣pulous, neat City; in the middle of the County of Norfolk; seated at the confluence of the Venster (or Vensder) and the Yare, over which it hath several Bridges. This City sprung up out of the Ruins of Venta Icenorum, now called Caster, in which not many years since was found a vast number of Ro∣man Urns. When or by whom Norwich was built, is not known: it seems to be a Saxon City; it was certainly the Seat of some of the Kings of the East-Angles. In its Infancy Sueno, a Dane, burnt it in 1004. In the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror it was besieged, and taken by Famine. Herbert, Bi∣shop of this Diocese, contributed to its growth; by removing the Bishops Chair from Thetford hither, a∣bout 1096. In the seventeenth year of King Ste∣phen's Reign, it was refounded and made a Corpora∣tion. The Castle is thought to have been built in the Reign of Henry II. Taken by the French in the Reign of King John. In the Reign of Edward I. it was walled by the Citizens. Henry IV. in 1403. granted them a Mayor. Afterwards it began to de∣cay,

till Queen Elizabeth sent the Dutch Stuff Wea∣vers (who sled over into England, from the cruel Government of the Duke d'Alva) hither: whereup∣on it grew very populous, and rich. There was great need of this supply: one Kett (a Tanner of VVindham) having almost ruined this City about 1548. in the Reign of Edward VI. The present▪ Bi∣shop of Norwich is the seventy first from Bedwinus of Elmham, the seventy fifth from Foelix, (the first Bishop of the East-Angles) who began the Bishop∣rick in 636. Long. 24. 55. Lat. 52. 40. This Ci∣ty, being about a Mile and a half in length and half as much in breadth, contains twenty Parishes; well walled, with several Turrets, and twelve Gates for Entrance; and so pleasantly intermixt with Houses and Trees, that it looks like an Orchard and a City within each other. It gives the Title of Earl to the Duke of Norfolk; whose Palace, with that of the Bi∣shop, the Cathedral, the Hospital, &c. are the prin∣cipal Ornaments of its Buildings.

Noto, Netum, Nea, Nectum, Neetum, a City of Sicily, of great Antiquity; and at this time great, well inhabited, the Capital of the Province called by its name. It is incompassed with high Rocks, and sleep Valleys; being seated on the South side of Ise∣land. Eight Miles from the Sea, fifteen from Pachy▪ no to the South-West, and twenty five from Syracuse to the South.

Il Val di Noto, Netina Vallis, the Province in which the last mentioned City stands, is the second Province of Sicily; and lies on the South side of the Island. On the North it has Il Valle di Demona, on the West il Val di Mazara, and on the South the African Sea.

Notteberg, Notteburgum, a Town in Ingria in Sweden; seated on an Island in the Lake Ladoga: to∣wards the Confines of Moscovy. Called Oreska by the Russ. A very strong Town by its Situation; yet Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, took it from the Moscovites, in 1614. It takes its name from Nutts.

Nottinghamshire, Nottinghamia, is bounded on the North and West by Yorkshire; on the East by Lincolnshire, (divided from it by the Trent;) on the South by Leicestershire, on the West by Darby∣shire. It is in length thirty eight English Miles from North to South; in breadth from East to West not above nineteen; and in Circuit about an hundred and ten, containing 168 Parishes, and nine Market Towns. The Air is good and pleasing; the Soil, rich Sand and Clay: so that for Corn or Grass it may compare with any County of England: it abounds equally with Wood and Coals; and is watered with the Rivers Trent and Iddle, besides several small Streams. This County takes its name from its principal Town,

Nottingham, Rhage, a delicate pleasant Town, seated on a high Hill; full of fine Streets, and good Buildings; upon the River Line; towards the South Borders of this County: and about a Mile from the Trent, to the West. Over the Trent and the Line it has two Bridges, besides two others over two Ponds, called the Cheney Bridges. It has three Churches, and a strong and goodly Castle; built on a steep Rock on the West side of the Town. In the Reign of Burthred King of the Mercians, and Aethelred King of the VVest-Saxons, the Danes having got the Possession of this Castle, kept it against three Kings, (united against them) and forced them to a Peace. After this Edward, the Elder, walled the Town: the South part of which was standing in Mr. Cambden's time. The Castle, which is now standing, was rebuilt by VVilliam the Conqueror, to curb the English. Edward IV. repaired it. In 1••75. it was besieged by Henry II. but could not be taken. In the Ba∣rons Wars it was surprised by Robert de Ferrariis, an Earl; otherwise it was never taken by force, as the same Author observes. Long. 22. 14. Lat. 53. 00. Charles Lord Howard, descended from the House of Norfolk by the Mowbrays (Earls of this County, from 1377. to 1475.) was in 1597. created Earl of Not∣tingham. This Family ending in Charles Lord Howard, the third in that Line; the Honor was con∣ferred May 12. 1681. upon Heneage Lord Finch, Ba∣ron of Daventry, (then Lord Chancellor of England;) and it is now enjoyed by Daniel, Son of the said Heneage.

Nova Antequera, a City of New Spain in Ame∣rica, in the Province of Oaxaca; eighty Spanish Leagues from Mexico to the East, seventeen from the North Sea to the South, and seventeen from Vera Cruz. It is little, and not much inhabited; though a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mexico, ever since 1535.

Nova Guinea, a large Country in the Western part of the Pacifick Ocean, which is a part of the Terra Australis: on the East of the Molucco Islands. First discovered by Andrew Ardaneta a Spaniard, in 1528. and then thought to be an Island, but since to be a part of the South Continent.

Novara, Novaria, a City of Italy, which in Pliny's time was the Capital of Insubria. It is now a part of the Duchy of Milan; and a Bishop's See, under that Archbishop; the Head of a small Territory, cal∣led by its name. Very strong, and can shew many ancient Roman Inscriptions as Testimonies of its An∣tiquity. It stands twenty five Miles from Milan to the West, and ten from Turin, in a well-watered and fruitful Soil, and upon an Eminence well fortified. Near this, Lewis Sforza Duke of Milan was taken by the French in 1500. But twelve years after, the Swiss gave the French a great Overthrow in this Place, to abate their joy for their former Success. Pe∣ter Lombard, the Master of the Sentences, (and some∣time Bishop of Paris) was a Native of this City; and Pope Innocent XI. Bishop of it, when he was chosen.

Novellara, a fine Town in the Lower Lombardy, between the Territories of the Dukes of Mantoua and Modena; subject to a Count of its own, who is of the Family of Gonzaga; ten Miles from Regio to∣wards the North. It has a Castle called Bagnuollo.

Novibazar, Novus Mercatus, one of the princi∣pal Cities of Servia; upon the River Oras••a; fifty Miles from Nissa to the West.

Novigrad, Novigradum, Argyrutum, a Town in Dalmatia, which has a Castle: seated upon a Bay of the same name; twenty Miles from Zara to the East, and twenty five from Sebenico to the North. It be∣longed to the Venetians; but was taken by the Turks in 1646.

Novigrad, a small City in the Ʋpper Hungary, which gives name to a County; one German Mile from the Danube, five from Gran to the North-East, and four from Vaccia. It has a Castle which is seated on a Rock; and a Dike thirty four foot deep, cut in the same Rock; which makes it almost inaccessible: yet the Turks took this strong Place, in 1663.

Novogorod Velki, Novogardia Magna, a City of Moscovy; called by the Germans Neugarten; which is very great, and an Archbishops See; the Capital of a Principality of the same name: seated in a spaci∣ous Plain upon the River Wolkow, (where it issueth from the Lake of Ilmen) an hundred and five Ger∣man Miles from Mosco to the North-West, forty six from Pleskow to the East, and forty from Narva to the South East. Long. 50. 00. Lat. 58. 23. The River Wolchou or Woldga, (saith Olearius) falls by Notteburgh, and the Gulph of Finland into the Bal∣tick

Sea: this River is the chief cause of the Wealth and Greatness of the City; being Navigable from its Fountains almost to the Baltick: which has made this City the chief for Trade in all the North. Vi∣thold, (Great Duke of Lithuania) was the first, who in 1427. obliged this City to pay a vast Tribute. John Basilowitz Grotsden, Duke of Muscovy, over∣threw an Army raised by this City in 1477. Thereupon he made himself Master of it, and carried thence to Mosco three hundred Wagons loaden with Gold, Sil∣ver, and rich Goods. John Basilowitz, another of their Princes, in 1569. slew two thousand seven hun∣dred and seventy of its Inhabitants, and cast them in∣to the River, upon a bare groundless suspicion; be∣sides a vast number trodden to death by a Party of Horse. This City was taken by the Swedes in 1611. and restored to the Russ in 1634. It hath formerly been so puissant, that it passed for a common Pro∣verb, Who is there that can oppose himself to God, and the great City of Novogrod? They reckon a∣bout seventy Monasteries in it. Its largeness has been set in the parallel with that of Rome: but its Walls are of Wood, and the Buildings mean.

Novogorod Nisi, that is, the Lower; is a vast City of Moscovy, seated upon the Wolga, where it takes in the Occa: an hundred German Miles from Mosco to the North-East, and forty from Wologda to the South-East.

Novogrod, Novogroda, sirnamed Litawiski, is a City of Lithuania, under the Crown of Poland; the Capital of a Palatinate of the same name; in which the Diet of Lithuania ought by turns with Minsko to be holden. It stands scarce four Polish Miles from the River Niemen or Memel, and twenty from Vilna to the South.

Novogrodeck Seviersky, a strong City of Rus∣sia; which has been attributed to Lithuania, when under the Poles; but now it is under the Russ again. It stands upon the River Dezna; seventeen Polish Miles from Czernichou to the North-East, forty six from Kiovia to the same, and the same distance from Smolensko to the South. This is also the Capital of a Palatinate.

Noyon, Novomag••s, Noviodunum, a City in the Isle of France; near the Borders of Picardy (of which it was a part) upon the River Vorse, which two Miles lower falls into the Oise; eight Leagues from Soisons to the South-West, fifteen from Amiens, six from Reims to the West, and twenty two from Paris to the North. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reims: the Bishop of it is one of the three Earls, and a Peer of France; the Diocese which belongs to it, is called Le Noyonois.

••••bia, a great Tract in the Eastern part of A∣frica and the River Nile: incompassed on the North and We•••• with Mountains: by which it is separated from Egypt to the North; Guoga, Borno, Zanfara, and Biafara to the West; on the East it has the Ni••e, which parts it from Barnagasso; and on the South Abassinia, or Aethiopia. It lies three hundred French Leagues in length, and not much less in bread••••; the Capital of it is Dancala; the other Ci∣ties C••••a, Guala, Jalac, and Sula. This was the Country of the ancient Nubae or Nubaei, and Nu∣mides. It is rich and fertile enough, towards the Nile.

Nuis, or Neus, Novesium, a Town in the Archbi∣shoprick of Cologne, upon the Rhine, in Germany, where that River receives the E••pt; adorned with a Col••••Sapn••••rch. It is ancient, strong, and memo∣rable 〈…〉〈…〉 resistance it made against Charles the H••••••••▪ Duke of Burgundy, who besieged it a whole year. The Emperour Frederick III. granted it great Privileges It was often taken and retaken in the last German Wars.

Nuis, or Nuits, a small Town in the Dukedom of Burgundy, upon the River Armanson, betwixt Mombard and Tonnere. Some are of opinion, that it was the Work of the ancient Nuithones, a people of Germany.

Tland van Pieter Nuitz, The Land of Peter Nuitz, is a part of New Holland, in the North Ame∣rica, discovered by a Dutch-man of the Name, in 1625.

Numantia, an ancient and celebrated City of Spain. It sustained a Siege against an Army of for∣ty thousand Romans, for fourteen years together; and by its Courage and Conduct, did reduce Aemilius Lepidus, and C. Hostilius Mancinus, (the two Ro∣man Consuls, in the year of Rome 617.) to such a dis∣honourable Treaty, that the latter was ordered by the Senate to be delivered to the Enemy by a Herald at Arms, naked, with his hands tied, in indignation at the Conditions of Peace passed by him. But Nu∣mantia refused to take him. Scipio Africanus, after∣wards undertaking the Siege, made himself Master of the place in fifteen Months: and the Inhabitants in despair burnt whatever was most dear to them, even their Wives and Children, and cast themselves naked upon the Swords of the Conquerours.

Numidia, the Country in the ancient division of Africa, which is now called Biledulgerid. There was also a Numidia propria. This latter had the ho∣nour to be a Kingdom, famous in the Persons of Ma∣sanissa, who a••••isted the Romans in the last Punick War; and of his Grandson Jugurtha, taken Prisoner and carried to Rome, after a long War he had main∣tained against the Romans.

Nura, Nicia, a River in the Dukedoms of Parma and Placentia.

Nuruberg, Nuremberg, Norimberga, Nurimberga, Noricorummons, a great Imperial Free City, in Ger∣many, in Franconia; upon the Confluence of the Regen and Pegen, two German Rivers; seated at the foot of an Hill of the Hyrcinian Forest; and forti∣fied with a Castle, and an Arsenal: Frederick I. made the Capital of Nortgow. It has belonging to it a Tract which lies between the Marquisate of Holach to the West; Culenbach to the North, the Ʋpper Palati∣nate to the East, and the Bishoprick of Aichstad to the South. This City was the Birth-place of Wen∣ceslaus the Emperour, and now in a flourishing con∣dition. It stands nine Miles from Bamberg to the South, fourteen from Ratisbon, thirteen from Wurts∣berg, and nineteen from Amburg to the North. It bought its liberty of its Princes; and has carefully preserved it, ever since 1027. The Emperour Hen∣ry V. ruined it: but Conradus III. Henry VI. and Charles VI. re-established and augmented it. In 1427. it bought the Castle of the Burgrave, which is since imployed as a Granary. It borrowed its form of Go∣vernment (which is Aristocratic,) from Venice. In 1506. it imbraced Luther's Doctrine in his time; but tolerated the Calvinists. In 1649. here was a general Peace concluded amongst the Princes of Germany.

Nusco, Nuscum▪ an Episcopal City in the Further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples. The See is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Salerno.

Nyd, a River in Yorkshire, falling into the Ouse: upon which Ripley and Knaresborough are situated.

Nyth, a River of Scotland, which flows through Nithisdale or Nythesdale.

Nyenburg, Novoburgum, a small City in Westpha∣lia, in the County of Hoyen upon the River Weser; four German Miles above Perden to the South, and eight from Zell to the West.

Nylandt, Nylandia, a Province of Finland, up∣on the Bay of Finland; between Carelia to the East, Tavastbia to the North, and Finland (proper∣ly so called) to the West; over against Livonia:

from which it is separated by the Bay. There are but three Towns of Note in it; Borgo, Helsingfors, and Raseborg.

Nyms, Nemesa, a small River in the Bishoprick of Trier; which watereth Scheineck and Bitberg, then ends in the Saur.

Nyne, Aufona, a River which watering the Town and County of Northampton, and Wisbich; falls into the German Ocean, between Norfolk and Lin∣colnshire.