A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names of all the counties, provinces, remarkable cities, universities, ports, towns, mountains, seas, streights, fountains, and rivers of the whole world : their distances, longitudes, and latitudes : with a short historical account of the same, and their present state : to which is added an index of the ancient and Latin names : very necesary for the right understanding of all modern histories, and especially the divers accounts of the present transactions of Europe / begun by Edmund Bohun ... ; continued, corrected, and enlarged with great additions throughout, and particularly with whatever in the geographical part of the voluminous, Morey and Le Clerks occurs observable, by Mr. Bernard ; together with all the market-towns, corporations, and rivers, in England, wanting in both the former editions.

L A. (Book l)

LAbach, Loybach, Laubach, Labacum, Naupor∣tus, a City of Carniola, called by the Italians Lubiana. It is seated upon a River of the same Name, which after a short course, falls into the Save. It stands nine German Miles from Trieste to the North-East, and fifteen from Villach a Town of Carinthia to the North-West. Made a Bishops See by Pope Paul II. under the Patriarch of Aquileja in 1468. together with Cita Nova, (a place distant from it about sixteen Miles to the South;) and since this Bishop of Laubach has been exempted from the Jurisdiction of the Patriarch. Dr. Brown who saw it, saith, it is the principal City of Carniola, and a handsom Place, with a Castle seated on an Hill, which overlooks two large Valleys to the North and South; and hath a fair Prospect of many Hills, and Castles; but being com∣manded by another Hill not far from it, it is negle∣cted: tho we find that it hath endured a strong Siege. For whilst the Emperor Frederick was receiving the Crown at Aken, his Brother Albertus and Count Ʋl∣rick took the advantage to besiege it: but it made so good a resistance, that the Emperor had time to raise the Siege, and destroy the Army.

Labathlan, Commercium, a Village not above one Mile from Gran, in the Lower Hungary; found out by an Inscription.

Labe, the Elbe. See Elbe.

Labirinto, Dicte, Dictaeus, a Mountain in Crete, or Candia; which lies in the Eastern part of the Island, and is much celebrated by the ancient Poets, on the account of Jove's being brought up here: now also called Lassiti, and Il Monte di Setia.

Labus Athres, a River in the European Scy∣thia.

Lacari, Libnius, a River of Ireland. Baudrand makes it the Lisly, which falls into the Irish Sea near Dublin.

Lacedaemon. See Misitra.

Lacedogna, Aquilonia, Laquedonia, Erdonia, a City of the Kingdom of Naples; called also Cedogna. It is seated at the foot of the Apennine, in a Plain in the Principatus Ʋlterior, in the borders of Puglia; and though half ruined, and that which is standing but meanly inhabited, yet it is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Conza.

Lacerea, Labedus, a City of Ionia, in the Lesser Asia.

Lacha, Olympus, a Mountain of Thessalia.

Lachish, an antient City of Palestine in the tribe of Juda; memorable for the proud Embassy of Sen∣nacherib, King of Assyria, to Hezekiah King of Ju∣dah sent from hence; and the destruction of 185000 of Sennacherib's Men in one night, by an Angel soon after, 2 Kings 18. 17. and 19. 35.

Laconia, the same with the modern Sacania.

Lacosichia, Pieria, a pleasant and much celebrated place in Thessalia, in Macedonia; at the entrance of the Gulph of Thessalonica.

Ladenburg, or Ladebourg, Ladenburgum, a Town in the Palatinate of the Rhine, upon the River Necker; part of which is under the Bishop of Worms, who resides in the Castle of this Town; and the other part under the Elector Palatine; to whom it was mortgaged by a Bishop of Worms in 1371. It stands two Miles from Heidelburg to the West: and having suffered much in the late Swedish Wars, is now in some degree repaired.

Ladi, Cyrrhus, a River of Albania in Asia; sup∣posed to be the same with Cyrus, now called Cur, or El-car, Ser and Chiur, tho by Ptolemy distinguished from it. This River falls into the Caspian Sea, having passed through Georgia.

Ladog, Rubricatus, one of the principal Rivers in Barbary; it falls into the Mediterranean Sea, through the Kingdom of Tunis. See Jadog.

Ladoga, a vast Lake, which is thought to be the biggest in all Europe; called by the Russ Ladesko Ozero. It lies between Kelholm or Kexholm, a Pro∣vince belonging to the Swedes to the West, and Kar∣gapol a Province of Moscovy to the East: thirty six German Miles long, and twenty broad; abounding with Fish to that degree, that it has enriched Kexholm with the Fishery of Salmons. The Russ are Masters of about a fifth part of it, the rest is possessed by the Swedes: this Lake receives, besides a vast number of Rivers, the Waters of the Lake of Onega; which lies about sixty English Miles from it to the East, and is not much less than it; it transmits all these Waters in∣to the Bay of Finland, by the River of Spasco, a Pas∣sage of about eleven German Miles.

Laestrigones, an ancient People of Latium, men∣tioned in Ovid and Horace.

Lagenia. See Leinster.

Laghi, Laghium, perhaps Laasa, a City of Ara∣bia Foelix, on the South side; nine German Miles from Aden to the East, and twenty five from Cape Babelmandel to the South-East. It is under a Prince of its own, and lies in Long. 81. 05. Lat. 15. 00.

Laghlyn, Laglinia, once a City, now a Village in the Province of Leinster, in the County of Cather∣lagh, upon the River Barrow; six English Miles from Catherlagh to the South. The Episcopal See, which it had, is united with that of Fernes.

Lagny, Laciniacum, a Town in the Province of Brie in France, upon the Marne, six Leagues from Paris; which hath the honour of the title of an Earl∣dom. There is a Benedictine Abbey in it, said to be founded by S. Foursye a Scotch-man in the seventh Century; and tho the Normans ruined it in the ninth, it found Benefactors again to repair and endow it. In 1142. a Council was celebrated here. In 1590. the Duke of Parma, having first obliged Henry le Grand K. of France to raise the Siege of Paris, took this Town by a sudden assault and laid it in ruins.

Lago, Lac, Lagus, a Lake or Collection of Wa∣ters, surrounded on all sides by the Land, to distin∣guish it from a Bay, or Arm of the Sea. There is a vast number of these in all parts of the Earth; serving for Cisterns to preserve Water, and to restrain the Course of Rivers, which would otherwise be too rapid for humane uses.

Il Lago Maggiore. See Lang see.

Lagos, Lacobriga, a small City in Algarva in Spain, which has a Castle, and a Harbor upon the Ocean. It lies in Long. 09. 00. Lat. 36. 36. five Miles from Cape S. Vincent to the East; and is under the King of Portugal.

Lagosta, Lastovo, Ladesta, Ladestris, Lastobon, Landestina, an Island on the Coast of Dalmatia, in the Adriatick Sea; under the States of Venice; near Curzola.

Lagune di Venetia, a part of the Adriatick Sea, called Gallicae paludes, Septem maria, Stagna Hadri∣atica; in which the City of Venice stands, built up∣on a great number of Rocks, and small Islands; which are separated one from another by the Waves of the Sea.

Lagusta, Celadussa, Celadusa, an Island on the Coast of Dalmatia; near Curzola on the East, five Miles from Ragusa to the West; under the Vene∣tians.

Laholm, a Town of Halland, a Province of Swe∣den; seated upon the Baltick Sea, in the Consines of Scania; seven Swedish Miles from Helmstad to the South, and six from Elsingburg to the North-East. It has a Harbor and a Castle; and was fortified by the Danes, whilst it was in their hands; but notwith∣standing often taken, and retaken in their Wars; till at last the Swedes held it, with the Province in which it stands.

Lahor, Lahorium, Bucephala, a City of the East-Indies, which is also called Pengeab. It is seated up∣on the River Ravi; one hundred and eighty Miles from Multan to the East, three hundred and sixty from Agra to the North, in Lat. 31. 50. as M. Theve∣not states it. This River falls into the Indus at Luc∣kar. The name of Pengeab is given to this Province and City by the Moguls who are Lords of it; and signifies in their Tongue the Five Rivers. This was anciently the common Residence of the Moguls, and then in a much more flourishing Condition than now: the Castle, being very strong, and part of the Royal Palace retain their former Beauty; the rest of the no∣ble Structures are much decayed: some Streets, of near a League in length, are falling down, and rui∣nous: yet is this no old Town, having been raised, since the days of Humayon, one of the Moguls, who brought it to be a City of three Leagues in length, in a short time. Yet this Town is full of Mechanicks, and all sorts of Manufactures, made in these Coun∣tries. § The Province of Lahor or Pengeab, is boun∣ded on the North by Cassimer; on the East by the Kingdom of Negercoot; on the South by Jenba, or Genupara; and on the West by Multan; it is one of the largest and most plentiful Provinces in the Mogul's Empire, by reason of the Rivers: yields Rice, Corn, Fruits, and reasonable good Wine in great a∣bundance; and the best Sugars in the Indies: out of which ariseth to the Prince a Revenue of thirty seven Millions and upwards, as the Indians reported to M. Thevenot.

Laiazzo, Jazzo, Issus, a City in the most Eastern part of Cilicia, in the Lesser Asia, next Syria; near which Darius the last of the Persian Monarchs was overthrown by Alexander the Great in the Year of Rome 421. as Quintus Curtius shews. Ventidius Bassus, a Roman General, gained a Victory over the Parthians here in the Year of Rome 715. The Em∣perour Severus defeated his Competitor Pescennius Nger here, Anno Chr. 194. and Bajazet II. Empe∣rour of the Turks, was defeated by the Sultan of Egypt in the same place, in 1487. by which, and other losses, this Tyrant was forced to sue to the Sul∣tan for Peace the next year. It is now a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarsus; and stands near Mount Amanus, (now called the Mountains of Scan∣deroon,) in the Province of Caramania, under the Dominion of the Turks: it has a convenient Harbor upon the Mediterranean Sea, and is now in a tolera∣ble good Condition. Six German Miles from Antioch to the North, and seventy from Cogni [Iconium] to the South-East, Long. 69 45. Lat. 37. 00. The gulph of Lajazzo, whereon this City stands, receives its name from it.

Laimon, Bosphorus Thracicus, the narrow Streight or Sea between the Propontis and the Eu∣xine Sea; upon which the City of Constantinople stands.

Laino, Laus, a Town and River in the Hither Ca∣labria, upon the Tyrrhenian Sea. It stands in the Confines of the Principatus, seventy five Miles South of Salerno.

Laire, Leria, Sigmas, a River of France in Gas∣cogne, which falls into the Ocean at La Buch; eight Leagues from Bourdeaux to the West; written Leyra also.

Lalandt, Lalandia, an Island belonging to Den∣mark in the Baltick Sea, so called from its low situa∣tion. It is eight German Miles long, and five broad; lying on the South of Zelandia, and on the West of Falflria or Falster; from which it is separated by a narrow Passage called Gulburg. The chief Towns in it are Naxkow, Saxkoping, and Nysted; the first, for∣tified. This Island was taken from the Danes by the Swedes in 1657.

Lali, Halys, a River of Lydia, in the Lesser Asia, fatal to Croesus.

Lalisa, Laodicea, a City of Syria, seated upon the Mediterranean, between Antioch to the North, and Tripoly to the South; which has a large Haven, and is an Archbishops See, under the Patriarch of An∣tioch; but falling into decay and ruin for want of In∣habitants. The Inhabitants call it Lyche, and the Arabs Ladikia.

Lamballe, a Town in Bretague, in France, in the Territory of S. Brieux; five Miles from S. Brieux to the East, eight from Dinant to the West, and four from the British Sea to the South. Some have thought it to be the Capital of the Country of the ancient Ambiliates, mentioned by Caesar. It is a fa∣mous Town for making of Parchments.

Lambec, a pleasant spruce Town in Provence in France, near the River Durance; four Leagues from Aix, and nine from Avignon to the East.

Lambesa, or Lambesca, Lambaesa and Lampaesa ad fluvium Ampasgam, a City of the Kingdom of Constance, in Barbary; near the Mountains of Cala∣mati, on the Confines of Biledulgerida; twenty four Miles from Cirta to the South; it was once a Bishops See. About the Year 240, a Council of 90 Bishops was assembled here against Privatus, the Bishop of this See, upon an accusation of heresie and crimes.

Lambeth, a well inhabited large Parish, opposite to the City of Westminster, on the other side of the Thames, in the County of Surrey, the Hundred of Brixton, and the Suburbs of London. Of Note for the Palace and Residence of the Archbishops of Can∣terbury. Canutus, the last King of the Danes, dyed here. And in the Year 1280. there was a Council assembled at this place under John Peacham Archbi∣shop of Canterbury; as also a second under Cardinal Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of the same See in 1486.

Lamborne or Lainborne, a Market Town in Berk∣shire. The Capital of its Hundred.

Lambro, Lambrus, a River in the Dukedom of Milan, which ariseth out of the Mountains near Co∣mo, and the Lake of the same name; and running South, watereth Monza, and Marignano; then falls into the Po between Pavia and Placentia, or Piacen∣za, nine Miles above the latter to the West.

Lamego, Laconimurgi, Lamaca, Lameca, a City in Portugal, in the Province of Beira, near the Ri∣ver Duero, and an Episcopal See under the Archbi∣shop of Braga. Ptolemy mentions it by the Name of Lama. It is likewise mentioned in the third Council of Carthage.

Lameto, Lametus, a River of Calabria Ʋlterior, which rising from the Apennine, falls into the Bay of S. Eufemia, upon the Tyrrhenian Sea, in the same Province. This is the same with Amato.

Lamina, Thessalia, a Province of Greece.

Lamo, Lamus, a Kingdom in Africa, which takes its Name from a City of Zanguebar, in the Lower Aethiopia; over against the Isle of Mada∣gascar; one degree from the Line to the South; North of Melinde, thirty three Leagues, Baudrand

placeth it North of Melinde, and South of Quiloa: but the Maps, as I have set it.

Lamo, Lamus, an inland City of Cilicia, in the Lesser Asia; which is a Bishop's See, under the Arch∣bishop of Sileusia; near Tarso.

Lampedosa, Lopadusa, or Lampadousa, in Ptole∣my called Lipadusa, is an Island in the Mediterra∣nean Sea; between the Kingdom of Tanu to the South (on which it depends,) and the Island of Si∣cily to the North; seventy Miles from the nearest Coast of Africa, and one hundred from Malta: it is fifteen Miles in compass, but desolate; there is in it a Chappel dedicated to the Virgin Mary, much esteemed by Seamen: near it the Fleet of Charles V. suffered Shipwrack in 1551.

Lampsaco, Lampsacus, a City of the Lesser Asia, in Mysia; much celebrated in all the ancient Geo∣graphers; being supposed to have taken its name from its Beauty or Splendor. It stands at the entrance of the Propontis, over against Gallipoli; five German Miles from the New Dardanels to the North, and a little more from Marmora an Island to the South. The Turks call it Lepseck and Lasipio, the Europeans Lampsaco. It is now in a tolerable good Condition, and the See of an Archbishop. Xerxes King of Per∣sia gave the Revenues of this City to Themistocles the Athenian, in his Banishment, to find him Wine. It consists of about two hundred Houses, inhabited partly by Turks, partly by Christians. It has a very fine Mosque, whose Portico is supported by Red Marble Pillars; the same was formerly a Christian Church, as appears by the Crosses that yet remain on the Capitals of the Pillars. This City has even at this day a great many fine Vineyards, especially on the South-side, fenced in with Pom granate Trees. Whee∣ler, p. 76. In the antient Roman Times, the God Priapus was revered here. In the Year of Christ 364 the Demi-Arrians, in a Council at this City, con∣demned the Forms of Faith that had been published by the Councils of Rimini and Constantinople, con∣firming another made by the Council of Antioch in 341. There was also a second Synod assembled here about the Year 369.

Lampura, Selampura, a City of India, beyond Ganges, mentioned by Ptolemy.

Lancashire, Lancastria, is a part of that Country which was of old possessed by the Brigantes. This County has Westmorland and Cumberland on the North; Yorkshire on the East; Cheshire on the South; and the Irish Sea on the West. In length from North to South fifty seven Miles, in breadth thirty two: containing twenty six Market Towns, sixty one Parishes, and many Chappels of Ease, equal for the multitude of Inhabitants to Parishes. Wa∣tered with the Rivers Mersey, Rible, Son, (all three running from East to West into the Irish Sea, and the first serving as a Boundary betwixt this County and Cheshire); besides the great Lakes of Merton and Winder, which last divides it from Westmorland. Where the ground is plain and champaign, it yieldeth good store of Wheat and Barley; the foot of the Hills is fitter for Oats. All is tolerably useful and good; except the Mosses or Bogs: which yet afford excellent Turffs for firing. There is also Marle in many places; and in some, Trees are found under Ground, which have lain there many Ages. This County is a Palati∣nate, and has many Royal Privileges belonging to it. In the time of Henry of Bullingbroke, afterwards King of England, (the fourth of that name, and first of Lancaster) the half of the Lands of Bohun Earl of Hereford, Essex, and Northampton, being added to what before belonged to the Honor of this Coun∣ty, (which was then a Dukedom,) it became the richest Patrimony that was in the hand of any one Subject in Christendom: and in that Prince's Person it was annexed to the Crown of England, and never since granted to any Subject whatsoever.

Lancaster, Alione, Mediolanum, Lancastria. The Town, which gives name to this County, stands on the South Bank of the River Lunne, or Lone, (from which it is supposed to be denominated five Miles from the Irish Seas, and towards the Northern Bounds of the County. It seems to Mr. Cambden to be the Longovicum of the Romans, which was one of their Military Stations. Not overmuch peopled, and con∣sequently not extraordinarily rich. It has a small, but fair and strong Castle, built on a Hill near the River; and one large fair Parish Church, with a S one Bridge of five Arches over the River Lon. This Town in 1322. was burnt by the Scots, in an inroad they made into England: and although it is thereby removed into a better Situation, yet it may be presumed to be the less at this day for that Calamity. Of the House of Lancaster abovementioned, Henry the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh, inherited the Crown of England. The last of which, marrying Elizabeth Daughter and Heiress to Edward IV. of the House of York, united those two Houses of York and Lancaster, whose competition for the Crown, under the names of the Red and the White Roses, had caused the effu∣sion of more English Blood, than was spent in the Conquest of France. Lancaster stands in the Hun∣dred of Loynsdale, and returns to the Parliament two Burgesses. Long. 20. 48. Lat. 54. 05.

Lanceston or Launceston, the County Town of Cornwall, in the Hundred of East, upon the banks of the little River Kensey, not far from its fall into the Tamer: Well inhabited, marketed, and traded. It returns to the House of Commons two Burgesses.

Lanciano, or Lansano, Anxanum, the capital Ci∣ty of the hither Abruzzo, in the Kingdom of Naples; and an Archbishop's See, built five Miles from the Adriatick; two from the River Saras, (now il San∣gro,) about eighty from Naples to the North, and a little more from Ancona to the South. This City was raised to the Dignity of an Archbishoprick in 1562, and built, as is supposed, upon the Ruins of the antient Anxanum. Long. 38. 55. Lat. 42. 27.

Landaff, Landava, Landuvia, a small City and Bishops See in Glamorganshire in Wales: seated on the North side of the River Taff. over which it has a Bridge; about three Miles from the Irish Sea to the North. The Cathedral and Bishoprick hereof was founded by S. Germanus and Lupus (two Holy French Bishops, who came twice into Britain to ex∣tinguish the Pelagian Heresie) about the Year 522. They preferred Dubricius a holy Man, to this new∣founded See; to whom Meuricke, a British Lord, freely gave all the Land that lies between the Taff and Ele••. But this See has since met with others of a contrary temper, who have reduced it to that Po∣verty, that it is scarce able to maintain its Bishop. The present Dr. William Beaw is the LXXVI Bishop, consecrated in 1679. June 22. Many Synodal Con∣stitutions, we find in the Councils, were made and published by the Bishops of this See in antient times.

Landaw, Landavia, a City of Germany, in the Lower Alsatia; in the Territory of Wasgow, upon the River Queich; in the Confines of the Palatinate of the Rhine; four Leagues from Spire to the West. Once an Imperial and Free City; but by the Treaty of Munster, yielded to the French, who still have it.

L'andramiti, Adramytium, a City of Phrygia, in the Lesser Asia; which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Ephesus; called by the Europeans Andromiti; by the Turks Endroinit; in which word there is a further account of it.

Landrecy, Landrecium, a City in Hainault; small, but well fortified. It is seated at the Foun∣tain of the River Sambre [Sabis], six Leagues from Valenciennes to the North-East, and two from the Borders of Picardy to the North. This has been made at once famous and miserable, by the frequent Sieges it has suffered of late. But by the Pyrenean Treaty it was put into the hands of the French. The Emperor Charles V. besieged it in 1542. for six months, with fifty thousand Men, and retired from it at last without success.

The Lands End, Antivestaeum, Bolerium, Ocri∣num, the most Western Cape or Promontory of Eng∣land; in the County of Cornwal.

Landshut, Landshutum, a City of Germany, in the Lower Bavaria, in the Marquisate of Branden∣burg, upon the River Warta; twenty Miles from Frisingen to the East, and thirty from Ratisbon to the South. It is well fortified, and has a Castle seated on or near a Hill.

Landskroon, Stephanopolis, Corona, a small City, but very strongly fortified, belonging to the Crown of Sweden; seated in the Province of Scania, upon the North side of the Sound, or entrance into the Baltick Sea. It belonged to the Danes till 1658. when by Treaty it was yielded to the Swedes. It stands eighteen German Miles from Koppenhagen to the North-East, and a little more from Malmoe to the North. Built by Erick the Pomeranean King of Denmark, in 1413. before which time it was cal∣led Sundre Soeby. Near this place Christian V. King of Denmark, received a great defeat from Charles X. King of Sweden, July 24. 1677. The Danes took it from the Swedes in 1676, and restored it to them again in 1679.

Landsperg, Lansperga, a Town in Germany, in the New Marquisate of Brandenburg, upon the River Water; six Miles from Custrin to the East, and thir∣teen from Stetin to the South, in the Confines of Poland. Often taken and retaken in the Swedish War.

Landsperk, a Town in Germany, in the Duke∣dom of Bavaria; built on a Hill, by the River Leeh [Licus] which parts Schwaben from Bavaria; and falls a little beneath Auspurg into the Danube: above which last place this Town stands five German Miles to the South.

Landspurg, Segestica, a City of Sclavonia, the same with Zigea.

Landt van Endracht, a part of the Southern Continent; which was accidentally discovered by the Hollanders, in a Voyage to the Molucho Islands, in 1618. called also Concordiae Regio.

Land van Pieter Nuitz, another part of the same Continent, found in 1625. by a Dutchman: It is a great Country, of a vast extent from North to South; and is a part of New Holland: but only viewed by the Dutch as yet.

Langhac, Langh••acum, a small City in Auvergne, seated in a Plain; surrounded almost on all sides by Mountains, near the River Allier, over which it has a Bridge: three Leagues from Fleury to the East, and fifteen from Clermont to the South.

Langhe, Langa, a small Province in Italy, on the South of Piedmont, and the Dukedom of Mont∣ferrat; between the Apennine, and the Rivers of Tanaro, Ʋrba, and Stura: extending also to the Confines of the State of Genoua: the City of Alba is the Capital of it. This is a fruitful and well peopled Territory.

Lang-landt, an Island belonging to Denmark in the Baltick Sea; between the Isles of Fionia, Zeland, and Haland; seven German Miles in length, and two in breadth: it has sixteen Villages, and a strong Ca∣stle; and from its form is called the Long-Land.

Langley Abbey, a Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Cashio, not far from Watford. Re∣markable for being the Birth-place of Pope Adrian IV. who was sometime surnamed Breakspear.

Lango, Cos, Coos, an Island in the Archipelago, called Stinco by the Greeks, and Stanco by the Sail∣ors; so that this name begins to prevail. It lies not above twenty Miles from the Shoars of Asia; of a great length, and about seventy Miles in Circuit: the principal Town in it is Lango, which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Rhodes. This Island was the native place of Apelles, the Painter; and Hippocrates the great and most ancient Physcian. It was under the Knights of S. John of Jerusalem, now of Malta; but conquered by the Turks from them, under whom it now is. Our Sandys who saw it, saith, it is a delicate Country to behold, lying for the most part level, only towards the East it is not unprofitably Mountainous; from whence fall many Springs, which water the Plains below, and make them extraordinarily fruitful; where grow those Wines valued in all times, Cypress Trees, and Turpentine, with divers other Plants, delightful as well as profita∣ble. In ancient times it was much regarded on the account of a Temple of Aesculapius, to whom this Island was consecrated: in which those who recovered out of any Disease, Registred their Cures, and the Medicines by which they recovered; which Hippocra∣tes abridged, and recommended to Posterity.

Langport, a Market Town in Somersetshire, in the Hundred of Pitney, upon a Hill, near the River Parret, in a Moorish Country.

Langres, Andromatunum, Lingones, Androma∣dunum Lingonum, an ancient, great, strong and rich City of France; in the Province of Champagne, near the Fountains of the Marne, (one of the principal Rivers of France) six Miles from the Borders of the Dukedom of Burgundy, twenty two from Troyes to the South-East, sixteen from Dijon to the North, and thirty from Monthelyard to the West. This is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Lions: the Bishop is always one of the twelve Peers of France, and a Duke. Near this City Constantine the Great twice overcame the Germans; in one of which Bat∣tels, that Prince slew 60000 of them. The Vandals, in the beginning of the fourth Century, committed great spoils here. Within the Diocese, there are six hundred Parishes contained; and the Territory of Langres, giving source to five or six Rivers, is thought to stand the highest of any in the Kingdom. Divers French Synods have been assembled at it.

Lang See, Verbanus Lacus, a Lake in the Duchy of Milan, called by the Italians il Lago Ma∣giore; and by the Germans Langsée. It is extended from North to South 36 Italian Miles, in breadth five. It lies thirty six Miles from Milan to the North-West, and twenty five from Como to the West; and is one of the most considerable Lakes in Italy.

Langis, Aturus. See Dour.

Languedoc, Volcae, Septumani, Occitania, a Pro∣vince in France, of very large bounds and extent. It is the Western part of that which the Romans called Gallia Narbonensis; afterwards it was called Gallia Gothica, and then the Earldom of Tolouse. Bounded on the East by the Rhosne, (which divides it from Dauphiné, and Provence;) on the South by the County of Rousillon, and the Mediterranean Sea; on the West it is separated from Gascogne, by the Garonne; and on the North it has Quercy, Rovergne, Auvergne, and le Forez. There are in this Province twenty two Dioceses: the principal City in it is To∣louse, which is the Seat of the Parliament of this Ge∣nerality. This is also one of the most Populous,

Rich, Fruitful, and Pleasant Provinces in France. Di∣vided into the Upper and Lower Languedoc, to the East and West; and watered by the Rivers Rhosne, Eraut, Vistre, Tarn, &c. The Goths establish'd a Kingdom here in the fifth Century, (from whom some derive its name, as Languedoc, quasi Landt-Goth) making Tolouse the Capital of the same; which they afterwards extended as far as to the River Loyre. In 778. Charles the Great granted this Province to the Earls of Tolouse: from whom in 1361. K. John finally taking it, united it to the Crown of France.

Lauschet, a City of Poland. See Lencicia.

Lantaine, Lantana, a River in the Earldom of Burgundy, which falls into the Saone; between Fal∣cougney, and Conflans: upon it stands Luxevil, which is about six Leagues from Langres to the East.

Lantriguet. See Treguier.

Lanzano. See Lanciano.

Lanzerote, or Lanzarotta, Pluitalia, one of the Azores, or Canary Islands, which lies in Long. 4. Lat. 27. 40.

The Kingdom of Lao, or Laos, in the East Indies, is bounded by the Kingdoms of Tunquin to the East, Cambaia to the South, Siam and Pegu to the West, and Ava to the North. Of great strength against In∣vasion, from the Mountains surrounding it. Fruit∣ful, temperate, and very healthful; under a King here∣tofore tributary to China, but now absolute, who re∣ceives the Tributes of divers petty Kings as their So∣veraign. It is divided into seven great Provinces, go∣verned by Viceroys; and watered by the Mother of Rivers (as they call it) the River Lao, which spring∣ing from about the high Mountains of the Province of Junnan upon the Frontiers of China, divides into two great Rivers some Leagues from Lao; whereof one passes West by Pegu to the Gulph of Bengale, the other expands it self in divers Branches throughout all Lao, cutting the same in two from North to South. The Capital City is Langione in 18 deg of Lat. The King of Tonquin attempted not long ago to unite this Kingdom with his own, but not with success. It has been a Kingdom since the year 600; before which it was a sort of a Republick; and before that, a Member of the Kingdom of China.

Laodicea See Eskihisar, Laudichia, and Lyche.

Laon, Laudunum, Lugdunum Clavatum, a City in Picardy in France, which is commonly pronoun∣ced Lan. It is great and very well fortified; and a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Rheims. Bau∣drand placeth it in the Isle of France, on a high Hill, but in the borders of Picardy; of which (he saith) it was once a part; ten Miles from Rheims to the North-West, and twenty eight from Paris to the North-East. The Bishop is always one of the twelve Peers of France, and a Duke. The Diocese belonging to this City, is called Laonnois, or Lan∣nois. It is bounded on the North with Tierache, a part of Picardy; on the East by Champagne, and on the South and West with Soissonne: it takes this name from the principal City. Some French Synods have been assembled here.

Lapord, Lapurd, Labord, more commonly called Bayonne. See Bayonne.

Lapathios, Lapithus, a City at the North end of the Isle of Cyprus, which is yet a Bishop's See, and retains the Greek Rites. It is very ancient, and cal∣led Lapethos by Pliny, and Lapatho by Strabo.

Lapithae, an antient People of Thessalia, dwelling in the Country about Larissa, and the Mountain Olympus. Ovid styles them Sylvestres. Virgil as∣cribes to them the Invention of Bridles.

Lapland, Lapponia, Lappia, called by the Inha∣bitants Lapmarck; by the Swedes, Sabmienladti; by the Germans, Laplandt; by the Moscovites, Loppi, and by the French, Laponie. It is the most Northern part of Scandinavia, first mentioned by Saxo Grammaticus, about the year of Christ 1190. Bounded on the North with the Frozen Sea, or the North Ocean; on the West with the Kingdom of Norway; on the South with Bothnia and Finia, (two Provinces of Sweden) and on the East by the White Sea. It was heretofore divided into three Kingdoms; and is now at this day divided between three Princes, the Emperor of Moscovy, the King of Sweden, and the King of Denmark, of which the King of Sweden has the greatest share. Johannes Schefferus lately put out a very exact Account of these Countries: towards the North and East it is extreamly Mountain∣ous and barren; but the South is more level, and well watered with Rivers and Lakes. There have been, not long since, found in it, Mines of Brass, Iron, Silver and Lead, besides divers sorts of precious Stones. As this is one of the Hyberborean People, who are buried the greatest part of the year in Snow and Darkness; so they are extreamly Rude, Igno∣rant, Poor, and Barbarous: so fearful, that they will start and be in a fright at the noise of a Leaf: infamous for Witchcraft, and Conjurations; yet Christians in Profession; and so revengeful that they will throw themselves sometimes into a River, to pe∣rish willingly with one they hate in their Arms, if they can but so destroy him. The more Northern are the most barbarous.

Lar, Laria, a great and magnificent City in that Province, of the Kingdom of Persia, which gives name to a Kingdom: seated in the Confines of Cara∣mania, upon the River Tisindon; a hundred and se∣venty Miles from Ormus to the North-East: but in the later Maps it is placed only forty German Miles from Ormus, and on the West side of the River. Monsieur Thevenot gives a large Account of this Town in the second part of his Travels, cap 4. to whom I refer the Reader. It lies Long. 93. 40. Lat. 27. 40. Mr. Herbert saith, it consisted of about two thousand Houses, and had had five; but lost three thousand in an Earthquake. It is, as he saith, fa∣mous for nothing but its Castle; built at the North∣end, on an aspiring Mountain, and stored with the Cannon brought from Ormus. § The Kingdom of Lar took its name from the last mentioned City; lying near Ormus, and the entrance of the Persian Gulph. Schah Abbas, King of Persia, annexed this to the rest of his Dominions in the end of the last Century; viz. in 1596. by a Conquest of the Gue∣bres; who were before Masters of it, and were Go∣verned by a Prince of their own, stiled King of Lar; the last of which was slain by the Persians, with all his Progeny, to secure this barren and poor Kingdom to the King of Persia. The Water of this Kingdom is extream bad and unhealthful, as both Herbert and Thevenot agree: the Soil barren and sandy: and they both say also, that in this Kingdom there are a vast number of Jews. But Mr. Herbert saith, That there is neither River nor Rivolet near the City of Lar, by a hundred Miles; and Thevenot, they had nothing but Cistern-Water to drink, which was sub∣ject to Corruption; which seems to confirm Mr. Her∣bert's Report. See Herbert, pag. 52. Thevenot, Part. 2. pag. 131. § Ptolemy mentions an Arabian River, Lar; Now called Om. See Om.

Larache, L'Haris, or Arays, Lixa, a Town in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, in the Province of Asgar, at the mouth of a River of its own name, (call'd by Castaldus, Lusso; by the Italians, Fieume di Larach; in Silius Italicus, Lixus) towards the Atlantick Ocean, between Cape Spartel and Mame∣ra: taken from the Spaniards, by the Moors in No∣vember 1689. after a Siege of three months, mutually

asserted and resisted with extraordinary Bravery.

Larad, or Lara, a Town in Old Castile in Spain, upon the River Arlanza, at the foot of the Moun∣tains: remakable in the Spanish History, for giving name to the Family de Lara, which once had seven Sons all Knighted in a day.

Laranda, a City of Cappadocia, called by the same name it now has by Ptolemy and Strabo. It is a Bi∣shop's See, under the Archbishop of Iconium; but very small, and ill peopled; and stands fifty Miles from it, towards the Borders of Cilicia, and Mount Taurus Eastward.

Laredo, Laredum, a small City, or Sea-Port Town, in the Kingdom of Spain, in the Province of Biscay; which his a large and a safe Harbour, and is the prin∣cipal of the four Sea-Ports: seven Miles from S. An∣dreo to the North, and twelve from Bilbao to the South-West. Near this place the Archbishop of Bour∣deaux defeated the Spanish Fleet in 1639.

Larghier, Tarras, a City in the Island of Sardinia.

Larignum, a famous old Castle near the Alpes, built of the Wood Larix or Larchtree, in the times of Julius Caesar, who besieged and took it. Yet Vi∣truvius reports, that when Caesar set fire to it, it re∣sisted the Flames.

Larina, Larinum, a City of the Kingdom of Na∣ples, in the Capitanata, which is a Bishop's See, un∣der the Archbishop of Benevento; but little and ill peopled, and in the possession (as to the Revenue) of the Prince of Cassal. It lies in the Confines of the County of Molise, near the River Bifernum, for∣ty Miles from Benevento to the North, and four from Tremoli on the Adriatick Sea, to the South.

Laris, an ancient City of Idumea, in Palestine; between the latter and Egypt, upon the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea; in which, William, Archbi∣shop of Tyre reports, Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem died in 1118.

Laris, Larissa, a City of Syria, mentioned by Strabo; which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Apamia, (now Haman,) and stands between it and Epiphania; now inhabited by very few People, being in the hands of the Turks.

Larissa, the principal City of Thessalia, a Province of Macedonia, and the Country of Achilles; seated upon the River Peneo; twenty five Miles from the Bay of Thessalonica to the West, twenty five from Pharsalus to the South, and two hundred from Con∣stantinople to the South-West. It is now an Archbi∣shop's See, and one of the most flourishing Cities in Greece, by reason the late Grand Seignior being dis∣gusted with Constantinople, almost twenty years toge∣ther kept his Court here. This City is thus described by the learned Dr. Edward Brown. The City of La∣rissa is pleasantly seated on a rising Ground; in the upper part whereof stands the Grand Seignior's Pa∣lace, upon the North the famous Mountain of Olym∣pus, and on the South a plain Country; inhabited by Christians, Turks and Jews. There is a handsome Stone Bridge over the River, consisting of nine Arch∣es. Extraordinary populous, by reason the Sultan was then there; yet kept in great quiet by the Offi∣cers. I might from him transcribe some Historical Passages concerning this place; but I shall rather re∣mit the Reader to his pleasant Description for further satisfaction. Achilles was sirnamed Larissaeus from this City. It is otherwise called Larsa. The Antients mention more places, less important, of this name; and also a River Larissus, in the Peloponnesus.

Larius Lacus, the same with the Lake of Coma. See Coma.

Larozo, Ladicus, a Spur of the Pyrenean Hills in the Kingdom of Leon; in the Road which leads from Leon to Compostella.

Larone, Laros, a small River in S. Peter's Patri∣mony; which flows out of the Lake of Bracciano, and falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea; about fifteen Miles from Rome to the North West.

Larta, one of the Names of Epirus, a Region of Greece.

Lartacho, Rhyndacus, Lycus, a River of Mysia in the Lesser Asia; which riseth out of the Laké of Ar∣tynia, at the foot of Mount Olympus; and fails in∣to the Propontis; called by the Turks, Vlabat.

Lascaris, a Seigniory near Nice in Provence, up∣on the Confines of France and Italy, giving name to an honorable Family.

Lassan-Zée, Lassanensis Lacus, a Lake in the hi∣ther Pomerania, so called from a Town upon it. This Lake is made by the Western Branch of the River Oder, (Der Pfin,) a little above Wolgast, and is extended to the length of some Miles in the Isle of Ʋsedom; then falls by the Oder into the Bal∣tick Sea, over against the Isle of Ruden, in the Bay of Rugen.

Latium. The far greatest part of this ancient Re∣gion of Italy is now contained in the Campagna di Roma. At the first it extended only from the Tyber to the Premontorium Circaeum, and its most ancient Inhabitants were called Aborigines. But when the Hernici, the Aequi, the Volsci, and the Ausones uni∣ted under one common Name of Latini, then the bounds of Latium reach'd as far as to the River Liris. For 543 years, we have a Chronological Succession of the Kings of the Latines, till the year of the World 3299 or 3330, that Romulus founded Rome.

Latomiae, a Cavern, cut out of a Rock, by the Tyrant Dionysius, near Syracusa, in the Island of Si∣city, about two hundred feet broad and one Stadium long, to serve for a Prison. Cicero reproaches Ver∣res with enclosing divers Roman Citizens therein. It is now called le Togliate.

Lavagna, Lavania, L••bonia, a small River and Town in the State of Genoua, upon the Mediterrane∣an Sea; between Chiavari to the West, and Sestri di Levante to the East. The Counts di Flisci are of this place.

Laval, or Laval Guion, Vallis Guidonis, a Town in the Province of Maine, upon the River la Mayne, in France, in the Diocese of Mans; giving Name to an honorable Family, and famous for making of Silks. In 1242. a Council was held here.

Lavanmynd, Lavemunde or Lavenmind, Ostium Lavanti, Lavanmunda, a City in Germany, with a Castle belonging to it in the Lower Carinthia, and an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Saltzbourgh, upon the River Lavant; in the Valley Der La∣vanthal, where it falls into the Drave: about two Miles from S. Andre to the South, twelve German Miles from Pettaw to the West: Lavanmynd signi∣fies Lavant's Mouth.

Lavaur, Vaurum, or Vaurium, a small City in Languedoc in France; by Pope John XX. in 1317. made a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Tolouse, out of which Diocese it was taken. It stands upon the River Agout, in the Upper Languedoc, in the Confines of the Albigeois; five Leagues from Tolouse to the East, and six from Castres to the West. In this Diocese are contained sixty nine Parishes. There have been two French Synods assembled at Lavaur; the first in 1213. against Peter K of Aragon for ta∣king part with the Albigenses; the other in 1368.

Laubach. See Labach.

Laubenburgh, Lawenburth, Coenoenum, a Town in the Lower Saxony, upon the River Elb; eight German Miles from Hamburgh to the East; which is also the Capital of a Dukedom of the same name. Written sometimes Lawemburgh. It is under the Do∣minion

of its own Duke, who is a Roman Catholick Prince; of the ancient Family of the Dukes of Saxony. This Dukedom lies between the Dukedoms of Lunen∣burgh, Mecklenburgh, and Holstein; the Counties of Ratzburgh, Frantzhagen, Sassenhagen, with many other places towards the Elb, belonging to this Duke and Dukedom.

Lauden, Lauda, a Town in Franconia in Germa∣ny, under the Bishop of Wurtsburgh; from which it stands five German Miles to the West; in the borders of the Bishoprick of Mentz, upon the River Tauber.

Lauden, Laudonia. See Lothaine.

Laudichia, Laodicea, a City in the Lesser Asia. It stood in Galatia, in the Consines of Lycaonia; but is now a small Village, called by the Turks, Ladik; consolated by nothing but a Caravansera (or place for the Lodging of Travellers,) and Baths of warm Waters, now wholly neglected. § There is another City in Asia, called by the same Turkish name; but Lyche, by the Inhabitants. See Lyche.

Lavello, Labellum, Lavellum, a City in the Basili∣cate, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bari; very small, but it has marks of great antiquity. It stands in the limits of the Capitanata; three Miles from the River Ofan∣to. The Bishop's Jurisdiction is no larger than the Walls of the City.

Lavenham, a Market Town in the County of Sussex, in the hundred of Babergh, upon the River Breton, and an Eminence; adorn'd with a spatious Church.

Lauffenburgh, a small German City upon the Rhine on a Rock, well fortified; under the Domi∣nion of the House of Austria; between Sohafhausen to the East, and Basil to the West, five Miles from either. It was often taken by the French and Swedes in the great War; but by the Treaty of Munster at last restored to the Emperor. There is here a Bridge over the Rhine; and the Town stands on both sides of the River.

Laugingen, or Lawgingen, Lavinga, a City in Schwaben in Germany, under the Duke of Newburgh: it has been a Free and Imperial City, but is now ex∣empted. It stands upon the Danube, one Mile above Dilingen, and six beneath Ʋlm to the East.

E. Lavington, a Market Town in Wiltshire, in the Hundred of Swanborn.

Lavinia, Lavigna, or Citta Lavinia, Lavini∣um, a City of Latium in Italy; built by Aeneas, forty one years after the ruin of Troy; which is now a small Village in Campagna di Roma; 18 Miles from Rome, 10 from the Tyrrhenian Sea, and 42 from Gajetta to the North-West. It is now under the Dominion of the Pope, but inhabited by a very small number of People.

Lavino, Labinius, a small River in Bononia, about eight Miles from that City to the West, toward Mode∣na. It falls into the River Samogia; which a little lower ends in the Reno; which falls into the Po, six Miles below Buondeno. Upon the Banks of this River the Triumvirate between Octavianus, (afterwards Augustus) M. Antonius, and Lepidus, was agreed and signed.

Lauraguais, Lauriacus Ager, a District in Lan∣guedoc in France; which gives the Title of a Count, and takes its name from a Castle. It lies between the River Ariege, and Agout, within the Mountains: The capital Town of it is Castelnaudari.

Lauriol, or Loriol, a considerable Town in Dau∣phine in France, near the River Drome, which soon after falls into the Rhosne, betwixt Valence and Mon∣telimar. It was often taken and retaken by the Ca∣tholicks and Huguenots in the Civil Wars of France, in the last Age. Some suppose it to be the Aria of the Antients. Now fortified.

Lausanne, Lausonium, Lausanna, a City in Swit∣zerland; the Capital of the District of le Vault; be∣longing to the Canton of Bearn, ever since 1536. whereas before it was an Imperial and Free City, sub∣ject to none but the Empire. It is also a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Besanzon, or Byzants, as the Germans call it; but the Town being possessed by none but Hereticks (as Baudrand saith,) the Bi∣shops have removed their Residence to Friburgh since the year 1532. It stands six German Miles from Ge∣neva to the North-East, and a small distance from the Lake of Lemane to the North. This Lake is some∣times from this City called the Lake of Lausanne. This City, since it, fell under the Dominion of the Canton of Bearn, has been made an University.

Lausanitz. See Lusatia.

Lautree, a small Town in the Territory of Albigeois, in Languedoc in France two Leagues from Castres, upon a sruitful Hill for Wine. The Castle it formerly had is ruined. Yet it retains the honour of a Viscounty.

Lawenburgh. See Laubenburgh.

Lawenburg, Lawenburgum, a Town in Pomera∣nia, near the Baltick Sea, under the Duke of Bran∣denburgh; but a Fee of the Kingdom of Poland. It stands in the Territory of Pomerel, upon the River Lobo; eight German Miles from Dantzick to the West, two from the borders of Prussia, and three from the Baltick Sea. The Poles call it Louwenborch.

Lauwers, Lavica, Laubacus, a small River in the Dutch Friesland, which parts it from Groningen; and then falls into the German Ocean over against the Isle of Monick Doge.

Laxia, Colchis. See Mengrelia.

Lazach, a City and Kingdom of Arabia Foelix, under the Turks.

Lazi, an antient People of Sarmatia Europaea, dwelling heretofore upon the Banks of the Palus Maeo∣tis, or rather towards the Caspiae Portae, near the Iberi. We read of their Conversion to the Christian Faith about the year 522, when Zatus their King was bap∣tized at Constantinople, the Emperon Justinus stand∣ing his Sponsor.

Lazzara. See Granico.

Laberberg. See Jura.

Leaotung, a Province of the Kingdom of China, subject to the Tartars, since the Year 1630. towards whom it lies.

Lea, a River of Hartfordshire, on the Banks whereof Hartford, Ware, Harfield, and Hodsdon are all four situated. The same separates the County of Essex also from Middlesex.

Lebuss, Lebusia, a small City, in the Marquisate of Brandenburg; which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Gnesna; one Mile from Frankfort on the Oder to the North. This Bishoprick was founded by Miecislaus, Duke of Poland, in 965. Sold in 1260. to Otho, Marquess of Brandenburgh, by Boleslaus, Duke of Silesia; and has ever since been in this Fa∣mily. In 1555. this Bishoprick with its Bishop, em∣braced the Augustane Confession.

Lecca, Lecci, Lecce, Aletium, the principal Town in the Province of Otranto, in the Kingdom of Na∣ples; which is great, rich, and (next to Naples) the most populous in that Kingdom. It is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Otranto; from which it stands 20 Miles to the South, and 7 from the Shoars of the Adriatick. Called by the later Latin Writers Litium.

Leck, Lech, Licus, Lechus, Lycias, a River of Germany; which ariseth in the County of Tirol, in the Confines of the Grisons; and flowing North∣wards between Bavaria and Schwaben, and passing through Ausburgh, falls into the Danube over against Papenheim a little beneath Danawert. The In∣habitants of that of Bavaria, which lay next

this River about Ausburgh, are called by Strabo and Pliny, Licatii; and at this day Lechrainers from this River.

Leck, Fossa Corbulonis, a Branch of the Rhine in Holland; which divides from it at Wyke in Ʋ∣trecht; and running Westward in the North part of Holland, beneath Rotterdam, falls into the Maes.

Lectoure, or Leictoure, Laictoure, and Letoure, Lactoracum, Lactorium, Lectora, Civitas Lactora∣cium, a City in Gascony in France: which is the Ca∣pital of the County of Armagnac, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Aux. It is seated on an Hill, and defended by a strong Castle, upon the River Gers; six Miles from Aux, ten from Tolouse to the South-West, and three from Condom.

Ledbury, or Lidbury, a well built Market Town in Herefordshire, in the Hundred of Radlow; standing in a rich Clay Ground, near the Malvern Hills, and much inhabited by Clothiers.

Ledesina, Bletisa, a small Town in Leon in Spain, upon the River Tormes; six Leagues from Salamanca to the North-East.

Ledung, Dur, a small River of Ireland, in the County of Kerry.

Leeberg, or Leerberg. See Jura.

Leeder, one of the Islands on the West of Scot∣land.

Leeds, a considerable Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Skirack, upon the River Are: well inhabited by Clothiers. The Kings of Northumberland had anciently a Pa∣lace Royal here.

Leek, a Market Town in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of Totmonslow.

Leerpoole, or Leverpoole, a considerable Sea-Port Town, upon the River Irwel, in the South part of the County of Lancaster, towards the Borders of Cheshire; three Miles from the Irish Sea. It is now one of the most thriving Ports; and has a Trade equal to the best Town on the Western Shoar, except Bristol: it sends also two Burgesses to Parlia∣ment. The Pool is commanded by a Castle, built by King John, on the South side; and on the West, upon the River, stands a stately strong Tower. The Mores of Banck Hall at their proper Charge and Industry have much improved and beautified this Town.

Leeuwarden, Leovardia, the Capital City of Friesland; which was made a Bishops See by Pope Paul VI. It is great, well built, and strongly forti∣fied; almost two German Miles from the Sea to the South, and seven from Groningen to the West.

Leffy, Liffee, Luffee, the noblest River of Ire∣land; upon which Dublin stands. So far, (saith Mr. Cambden) over-powered by the County of Dub∣lin; that though his Spring be but fifteen Miles from his Fall into the Sea, yet to accomplish his Course, he is forced to fetch a very great compass: first running South through S. Patrick's Fields eight Miles, then West five Miles, then North by the Coun∣ty of Kildare ten Miles, North-East five; at last East by the Castle of Knock, and the City of Dublin, into the Irish Sea, ten Miles. This River was without doubt mentioned by Ptolemy; but by the negligence of Transcribers omitted in its proper place; and Libnius put into the same Latitude on the opposite side of Ireland, where there could be no such River. In 1687, towards the beginning of December, there hapned such an Inundation of this River by Rains and Storm, that not only Men, Cattle, and Goods in great quantities were carried away by its rapidity, but the Bridges were broken down, and Dublin so filled with water, that Boats plyed in the Streets: the like never known before, either upon Record, or in the memory of Man.

Legnano, a strong Town in the Province of Vero∣nois in Lombardy, in Italy, under the Venetians. In Latin, Liviacum.

Leicestershire, Leicestria, one of the inland Coun∣ties of England; bounded on the North by Not∣tingham, on the East by Lincoln and Rutland, on the South by Northampton, and on the West by War∣wickshire and Darby. It abounds in Corn, Pease and Beans, but wants Wood; it has plenty of Coal, and excellent Pasture. The Air is soft and health∣ful. Its shape is Circular; being about 196 Miles in Circumference. Containing twelve Market Towns, and one hundred and ninety two Parishes: in length from East to West about thirty Miles, in breadth twen∣ty five. Watered by the Rivers Stower and Wreak, together with many others of lesser Courses.

Leicester, the principal Town of it, (which gives name to the whole,) lies in the middle of the County on the East side of the Stoure, over which it hath two Bridges, in Long. 19. 22. Lat. 53. 04. Ethel∣dred the Mercian, made it a Bishops. See in 680. which continued not long. In 914. Edelfled, a Noble Saxon Lady, rebuilt and strongly walled this Town. At the time of the Conquest it was Great, Rich, and Populous, beautified with a Collegiate Church, an Abbey, and a Castle, which time has ruined. In the Reign of Henry II. it was besieged, taken, and dis∣mantled upon the Rebellion of Robert Crouch its Earl. Richard III. was buried obscurely here; and Cardi∣nal Woolsey. That great, though not good, States∣man, (Robert Dudley) was by Queen Elizabeth Created Earl of Leicester, in 1564. To him in 1618. succeeded by a new Creation, Robert Sidney; Descended from a Sister of his. Philip, the present Earl, is the Grandchild of the last Robert; and suc∣ceeded Robert his Father in 1677. It now contains three Parish Churches, and several good Buildings, with the honour of returning two Burgesses to the House of Commons.

Leighton Beaudesect, a large Market Town in Bedfordshire, in the Hundred of Manshead, on the Borders of Buckinghamshire, upon a River running Northward into the Ouse, over which it has a Bridge.

Leine, Linius, Lina, a River of the Dukedom of Saxony in Germany, watering Gottingen, E••mbeck, &c. in the Dukedom of Brunswick, and passing near Hanover and Newstadt to joyn the Aller. See Leyne.

Leinster, Lagenia, one of the four Provinces of Ireland; called by the Inhabitants, Leighnigh; by the Welsh, Lein; by the English, Leinster; and in old times Lagen: on the East it has the Irish Sea; on the West Connaught, divided from it by the River Shannon; to the North the Territory of Louth; and to the South the Province of Munster: the form of it is Triangular; its Circumference being about two hundred and seventy Miles: the Air is clear and gentle; the Earth fruitful both as to Grass and Corn: it affordeth plenty of Butter, Cheese and Cattle; and being well watered with Rivers, as the Neure, the Sewer, the Barow, &c. wants neither Fish nor Fowl: but it has not much Wood. Dublin is the Capital of this Province, as well as of the Kingdom. This Pro∣vine contains these Counties; Kilkenny, Caterlogh, Queens-County, Kings-County, Kildare, East-Meath, West-Meath, Wexford and Dublin; to which Wick∣low, and Fernes, in Mr. Speed's time, were intended to be added. Some believe this Province to have been the ancient Seat of the Caucenses, Blanii, Me∣napii, and Brigantes mentioned by Ptolemy.

Leirge, See Lergue.

Leiria or Leria, an Episcopal City of the Pro∣vince of Estremadura, in the Kingdom of Portugal, upon a small River, one League from the Sea, below Tomar. The See is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Lisbon.

Leleges, an ancient People of Caria in the Lesser Asia: and others amongst the Locrenses in Achaia, mentioned by Pliny, Strabo, and Virgil.

Lem, Lemuris, a River of Italy, in the States of Genoua; which riseth out of the Apennine, and wa∣tereth Gavi, in the Borders of Montisferrat, and Milan; then falls into the River Bormia, in the Dukedom of Milan; which falls into the Tuanara, and ends in the River Po at Basignana; six Italian Miles East of Giaroli. This River is also called Lim, and il Lemo.

The Lake of Lemane, Lemanus, a considerable Lake made by the River Rhosne; between Switzer∣land to the North, and Savoy to the South. Called by those who live near it, the Lake of Geneva; by the Germans, das Genfferzee; by the Italians, il∣lago di Genevra: extending from East to West a∣bout nine German Miles; and about two over, where it is broadest: the Rhosne enters it at Noville, and goes out at Geneva, in the most Western end of it. It is surrounded with good Towns; the prin∣cipal (next Geneva,) is Lausanne on the North; by the name of which this Lake is somtime called.

Lemburgh, Luwow, Leopolis, a great and popu∣lous City of the Kingdom of Poland; the Capital of Red Russia; which was made an Archbishops See, (instead of Halitz, or Haliotz,) in 1361. by Pope Ʋrban V. It stands amongst the Hills upon the River Peltew, (which with the Bug, falls into the Vistula, a little above Ploczko;) and is very strong: being walled and fortified with two Castles, one within the City, the other without. It was built by Leo Duke of Russia, who flourished about 1280. In 1648, belleged by Chieilneck General of the Cos∣sacks, without any success. In 1672. the Turks took it, and soon lost it; for in 1673. Michael King of Poland died in it. This City stands fifteen Miles from Premislia to the East, a little less from the Carpathian Hills to the North, and about fifty from Warsaw to the South-East.

Lemgow, Lemgovia, a small City in the Circle of Westphalia, in the County of Lippe; which was once a Free Imperial City, but now exempt, and under the Count of Lippe. It stands upon the River Begh; five Miles from Minden to the North, and Paderborne to the South; and nine from Lippestad to the North-East.

Lemington, a Market Town in the County of Southampton, and the Hundred of Christ Church, by the Seaside. § There is another Lemington, a Parish in Warwickshire, in the Hundred of Knight∣low: remarkable for two Springs, within few Foot of each other, the one Fresh, the other Salt, yet at a great distance from the Ocean, and of different Ope∣rations.

Lemnos, an Island in the Archipelago. See Stali∣ment.

Lem••ta, a Town and Desart in Libya (now Zaara) in Africa.

Lencicia, or Lanscher, Lancicia, Lancicium, a City of Poland; the Capital of a Palatinate, called by the Poles, Lenczyc, from this City, which they call Lenczyckie. It lies in the Greater Poland, in a Marshy Ground, upon the River Bsura; not above ten Miles from the River Warte, the same distance from Gnesna to the East, and thirty from Warsaw to the West. There belongs to it a Castle built on a Rock; and in 1656. this City suffered much by Fire. Divers Polish Councils have been Celebrated at it.

Lendrosia, one of the Islands on the West of Scot∣land.

Lenham, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Aylesford Lath, at the Spring of the River Stewer.

Lenox, Lenoxia, Levinia, a County in the North of Scotland, through which the River and Lake of Lomond passeth: on the East it hath the County of Menteith, on the South Cunningham, (cut off by Dunbriton Fyrth,) on the West Argile, and on the North Albania. This County has the Honor of be∣ing a Dukedom; which Title has been born by seve∣ral of the Royal Line of Scotland. The principal Town in it is Dunbritown.

Lens, Lentium, Lendum, Lenense Castrum, Ne∣metacum, a small Town in Artois, upon the River Souchets; three Leagues from Arras to the North, and four from Doway to the West. The French besieged this small place in 1647. but by the loss of their General le Gasse, (slain by a shot, whilst he was plucking at a Palisadoe) they were forced to leave it: near this place the French gave the Spani∣ards a great overthrow in 1648. and after possessed themselves of it; to whom the Pyrenaean Treaty confirmed it in 1659. The Town has been fortified; but was some years since slighted and dismantled.

Lentini, Leontina, a very ancient City in the Isle of Sicily, in the Valley of Netina on the Ea∣stern Shoar. Heretofore a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Syracuse; whilst Syracuse was the Me∣tropolis of the Island under the Greek Emperors. It is now pretty considerable and populous, but very confusedly built. A place of greater Antiquity than Syracuse, and perhaps than any other City now in the Island. It stands five Miles from the Sea to the West, and ten from Catania to the South-West.

Lenza, Nicia, a River of Italy; which springing from the Apennine, runneth North; and parteth the Dukedom of Parma from that of Modena; then falls into the Po at Barsello, eight Miles from Parma to the North.

Leominster, or Lemster, a Market and Borough Town in Herefordshire, in the Hundred of Wolphey, upon the River Lug: of chief Note for fine Wheat, Flower, and Wooll.

Leon, Legio Germanica, Sublanco, a City of Spain in the Astures; built in the Reign of Nerva the Em∣peror. It is now called by the Inhabitants Leon, or Leone: a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Com∣postella, (so far exempted, that he acknowledgeth no Metropolitan but the Pope;) and the Capital of the Kingdom of Leon, ever since 658. It stands at the bottom of an Hill, by the Fountains of the River Esla; very great, but not much peopled: twelve Miles from the Ocean to the South, and twenty one from Valedolid to the North-West. It was Reco∣vered from the Moors in 722. and is adorned with one of the most beautiful Cathedrals in Spain. § There is another City in New Spain in America, called Leon by the Spaniards, and Nagarando by the Natives, which being the Capital of Nicaragua, (the Province in which it stands,) is sometimes called Leon de Nicaragua. This is a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Mexico: by a Lake of the same name; about 12 Leagues from the Shoars of the Paci∣fick Ocean, and 18 from New Granada to the East.

The Kingdom of Leon and Oviedo, Legionense Regnum, hath on the East the County of Biscay; on the North the main Cantabrian Ocean, on the South Castile, and on the West Gallicia. It has its name from Leon and Oviedo, the two chief Cities in it. This is the most ancient Kingdom in Spain; and began about 717. being more anciently called Astu∣ria, from the Astures, an old People, who possessed it. It is mountainous, and full of Woods, divided

in two by the River Duero; about fifty five Leagues long from North to South, and forty broad. Augu∣stus Caesar was the first Roman that conquered it. The Goths, after five hundred years free possession of it, outed the Romans; and after four hundred more, the Saracens did as much for the Goths: but they (the Saracens) did not long enjoy it; this being the first Kingdom the Christians recovered from them, under the Command of Pelagius, a young Prince of this Nation, about 717. It continued a separate Kingdom, under twenty nine Princes; till in 1228. Ferdin. III. annexed it to Castile (he being married to Beren∣guela, second Sister of Henry King of Castile;) tho in prejudice of Blanch, the eldest Sister, (mar∣ried to Lewis VIII. King of France:) which was afterward in 1267. set right by a Treaty, when Lewis IX. in consideration of a Marriage surrendered all his Right and Title, (as Son of the said Blanch,) to Alphonsus V. King of Leon and Castile. Peter de la Marca, Archbishop of Paris, in his History of Bearn, saith, this Kingdom did not begin so early as the Spaniards pretend; and endeavours to prove it. But this is no place for Controversies.

Leon, Leondoul, Leona, a City in Britagne in France, on the North Shoar of that Province; thirty three Leagues from Rennes to the West, ten from Treguier, and eleven from Brest to the North. This is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Toures: one S. Paul being its most ancient Bishop, about the year 600, the City is often called S. Paul de Leon, from him: it is the Capital of the Territory of Leonnois, well fortified, and has also a Castle, and a safe Harbour upon the British Sea. Heretofore the Seat of the Dukes of Britagne; and the Country of the ancient Osismi or Osismii mentioned by Caesar: whence its Latin Name, besides Leona and Leonum, is Civitas Osismorum. § There is mention made of another Leon in Cappadocia in the Lesser Asia, other∣wise called Vatiza, and thought to be the Poleme∣nium of the Ancients.

S. Leonard, a Town in Limosin in France; and another in Nivergne.

Lepanto, Naupactus, Aetolia, a Sea-Port in A∣chaia, (now Livadia,) called by the Turks, Enebchti; is seated in that part of Greece, which the Ancients called Aetolia, twelve Miles from Patras: the Italians gave it the name of Lepanto: it is seated not far from the entrance of the Western Bay of Co∣rinth, heretofore so called; but now from this place the Gulph of Lepanto. The City is built on the South side of a towering Mountain, formed like a Cone; on the top of which is a strong Castle, sur∣rounded with four strong Walls, set at some di∣stance one above another; between which the Inha∣bitants have their Houses. The Port is very handsom and beautiful; and may be secured by a Chain, the Mouth of it is so streight; it will hold but a few Ships, and those cannot go out and in at any time, for want of Water. It is seated in a pleasant Country, filled with delightful Gardens, yielding some of the best Wine in Greece; and has on the East side a a fine River, which serves their Mills, then their Gardens, and afterward all the City and Seamen. The Turks have six or seven Mosques in it, the Greeks two Churches, and the Jews three Synagogues. In 1408. it was under the Emperor of Greece; but being too remote (as things then stood) for him to secure it, Emanuel the Emperor, assigned it to the Venetians; who took care to fortifie it, as it is now. In 1475. Mahomet the Great, the same that took Constantinople, having gained Corinth, besieged it with an Army of thirty thousand Men; and after four Months spent before it, was forced to retire with with shame and loss. The Turks having found by this costly experiment the strength of this impor∣tant place, in 1499. made use of another me∣thod: besides a victorious Army, and a potent Fleet, to terrifie them, he imployed Bribes; corrupted Hi••∣ronimo Tropo, the Venetian Governour; and by a Treachery altogether unworthy of Bajazet II. (who was here in person,) possessed himself of it. In 1571. Octob. 7. in the Gulph of Lepanto, from five a Clock in the morning till night, was fought the most bloody Sea Battel betwixt the Christian and the Ottoman Fleets, that ever besel the Turks since the beginning of their Empire. There, in the same Gulph, where the Emperor Augustus overthrew Marc An∣thony. The Christians lost eight thousand Men. Of the Turks, five thousand were taken prisoners, and about thirty thousand slain, with Hali Bassaw their Admiral. Of the Turkish Gallies, one hundred and thirty were taken, and above ninety others sunk, burnt, and de∣stroyed. The Generalissimo on the Christians side was Don John of Austria, a Natural Brother to Philip II. King of Spain, accompanied with the Flower of the Italian Nobility. At the same time, nigh twenty thousand Christian Slaves recovered their Liberty. In 1687. the Venetians having in the three preceding years almost beat the Turks out of the rest of the Morea, and resolved to begin this Campagne with the Siege of Patras; their General Morosini, Landed in the Morea near Patras on July 22. not∣withstanding all the opposition of the Serasquier: the 24. he fought, and defeated the Serasquier: and ha∣ving thereupon taken in Patras, and the Dardanell Castle on that side, (so called in imitation of those of the Hellespont) he crossed to the other to Lepanto; and found the Turks making all the haste they could to empty the Place for him; whereupon he entred and took Possession of it for that Republick, without stri∣king one blow. Thus was this important Place lost, as basely as it was gained; and the Cowardize of this Age has revenged the Treachery of the former. It had in it one hundred and twenty Brass Canon: And it is an Archiepiscopal City, tho the Archbishop has used to reside at Larta. The Gulph of Lepanto is formed by the shooting forth of two Promontories into the Ionian Sea, from the Morea and Achaia; called Capo Antirio and Capo Rione. The first of which has the Castle of Patras, the other the Castle of Ro∣melia for its defence.

Leprus, Pariedrus, a huge Mountain of a vast height, out of which Araxes, and Euphrates spring.

Lera, Igmanus, Sigmanus, a River of Aquitain in France, more commonly called La Leyre; which falls into the small Bay of Buch, eight Miles from Bourdeaux to the South-West, and the same distance from the Mouth of the Guaronne to the South.

Leresse. See the Nieper.

Lergue, Larga, a River in Gallia Narbonensis. Hoffman.

Lericee, a small Town upon the Coasts of the Republick of Genoua in Italy, at the Foot of the Rocks, looking to the Sea. It is taken to be the Portus Erycis of Ptolemy and Antoninus. A fre∣quented place for Embarkations; four or five Miles from Sarzana, and East of Sestri de Levante. There is a Gulph by it, separated by a Neck of Land from the Gulph of Spezza or Speccia.

Lerida, Ilerda, a City of Catalonia in Spain, which in the Roman times was the Capital of that part of Spain, they called Tarraconensis. It is now called Leyda by the Inhabitants; and Lerida by the Spa∣niards: a strong place, built upon a rising ground, but declining to the River Segre. Taken from the Moors in 1143. and made a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragona. In 1300. here was an University opened, at which Pope Calixtus III. took

his Degree of Doctor of the Laws: yet it never ac∣quired any great Fame or Repute: of later times it has suffered much from the French, who have made many Attempts upon it. But in 1646. in one of their Attacks they were beaten off, and lost all their Cannon here. This City lies twenty four Spanish Miles from Saragoza to the East; seven from the Ebro North, and twenty nine from Barcelona to the West. Julius Caesar overcame Afranius and Pe∣treius, Pompey's Friends, here. In the year 514. un∣der the Reign of Theodorick King of the Ostrogoths, a Council was celebrated at the same place. Long. 21. 31. Lat. 42. 20.

Les, Lerines, two Islands of the Mediterranean Sea, upon the Coast of Provence, at a small distance from each other. Now called severally, S. Honore de Lerin, and Margarita. See those Words. In Ptolemy and Strabo, their Names are Planasia and Lero. In Pliny and Antoninus, Lero and Lerina. Hither, say Tacitus and Suetonius, the Emperor Augustus banished Agrippa. They are commended for Temperature and Fertility. The Saracens of Fraxinetum in the seventh Century much infested them. In 1635. the Spaniards sur∣prized, but were obliged to quit them the year after. To which add, that the Monastery of S. Honore, founded in 375, by Honorius, Archbishop of Arles, has been reckoned to produce twelve Archbishops, twelve Bishops, ten Abbats, four Monks, all Confes∣sors; and one hundred and five Martyrs. It belongs to the Order of S. Benedict.

Lerma, a small Town in Old Castile, upon the River Arlanzon; six Leagues from Occa to the South, and twelve from Pincia to the East; which is born, by the Title of a Dukedom, by one of the greatest Families in Spain. Some write it Larema.

Leros, an Island in the Archipelago, adorn'd with an Episcopal City of the same Name, and driving a considerable Trade with Aloes.

Lers, Lertius, is the Name of two Rivers in Lan∣guedoc in France: the great Lers riseth in the higher Languedoc, and watereth Mirepoix; then falls into the Ariege, and with it soon after into the Garonne. 2. The little Leers ariseth in the same Province; and falls into the Garonne a little beneath Tolose.

Les, or Lez, Telis, Ledus, a River which ariseth in Languedoc, three Leagues above Montpellier; and a little beneath the Castle of Latte, about four Miles from the Mediterranean Sea, falls into the Fens of Magulone.

Lesdos. See Metelin.

Lescar, Lascura, Beneharnum, Benarnensium Ʋrbs, Bearnensium Civitas, Bernanus, a City in the Principality of Bearn, upon the River Le Gave de Pau; one League from Pau to the East, seventeen from Baionne, and five from Olerone to the East. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Aux; and was built in the year 1000. upon the Ruins of the City Bearn, which was ruined by the Normans in 845. The Huguenots in 1569. much endamaged this City. In the Cathedral, the Kings of Navarre lie entombed: but their Tombs also were defaced in the Civil Wars of France.

Lesche, Laetia, a small River in the Diocese of Liege, which falls into the Maes a little above Dinant.

Lesina, Pharia, an Island on the Coast of Dal∣matia, under the Venetians; thirteen German Miles long, and almost three in breadth; seated about four from Spalato, to the South-West; having a Town of the same Name, in the North-East part of the Island, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Spa∣lato. The Sclavonians call this Isle Huar. Mr. Wheeler in his Travels, pag. 24. saith, it is very high, Rocky and Mountainous; and by computation one hundred Miles in compass. It has a good Haven at the South End, the Town whereof is called by the Name of the Isle: this represents a Theatre, the Figure of which he gives us. It appears very beautiful to those that enter the Port; being built in several degrees one a∣bove another, according to the rising of the ground; having a Cittadel on the top of a steep Rock, backed with exceeding high Mountains, and lying open to the South; but the Harbour is secured by the Rocks against it, &c. It is deep enough for Ships of any Rate; and Bread and Wine are cheap. Their chiefest Trade is the Fishing of Sardelli, which are like An∣chovies: over against it lies Lissa, a small Island. Spalato (saith he) lies from this Town thirty Miles to the North, and Lissa the same distance to the South. § Also a City of the Capitinata in the Kingdom of Naples, near a Lake of its own Name: a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bene∣vento.

Leskeard or Liskerd, a Corporation in the County of Cornwall, in the West Hundred: which has the Election of two Burgesses for the House of Com∣mons.

Lesnow, Lesnovia, a small Town in Wolhinia in Poland; fifteen Miles South of Lucka, or Luceoria; where John Cassimir King of Poland, in 1651. de∣feated the Cossacks and Tartars, and slew twenty thousand of them.

Lessines, or Lessen, Lessina, a small City in Hainault, upon the River Dender, (Tenera) in the Confines of Flanders; five Leagues from Brussels to the West.

Lesteiocori, Lechaeum, the Haven of Corinth, upon the Gulph of Lepanto.

Lestoft, or Laystoff, a Market Town in the County of Suffolk, in he Hundred of Lothingland: the most Northern Sea-Town of this County. It drives a Trade of Fishing for Cod in the North Sea, and upon its own Coasts, for Herrings.

Lestwithiel, or Listhiel, a Market Town and Corporation in the County of Cornwal, in the Hun∣dred of Powder; which has the Honour of electing two Burgesses for the Parliament.

Letchlade, a Market Town in Glocestershire, in the Hundred of Brittles-barrow.

Lethe, and Lethes, the ancient Name of the River Guadalete in Spain. Of Fiume di Mangresia (as the Italians call it) in Lydia, in the Lesser Asia. Of two others in Macedonia and Candia. And in the Fictions of the Poets, Lethe makes one of the Rivers of Hell, wherein the pleasures of the World are forgotten.

Letines, Lestines or Liptines, Liptinae sive Le∣stinae, an ancient Palace Royal, near Binche in Hai∣nault, in the Diocese of Cambray. There was a Council assembled here in 743. in the Reign of Charlemaigne, who had a part of the Church-Lands, by a Sentence thereof, granted to him, to support his Wars.

Letrim, a County of the Province of Conaught in Ireland; between the County of Slego to the North, Roscomon to the West, Longford to the South, and Cavan to the East. It takes its Name from the Castle of Letrim, on the West side of this County: there is besides it no place of any Note. This County is full of Hills, which afford plenty of Grass; and from thence abounds with Cattle above belief.

Lettaw, the same with Garnsey.

Letten, or Leitland, Litlandia, a considerable part of Livonia; the Western part of which (which is the greatest,) is under the King of Sweden, and the Eastern under the Duke of Moscovy. The princi∣pal City is Riga: on the North it hast Easthonia, on the West the Bay of Riga, on the South Semigallia,

(parted from it by the River Dwina,) and on the East the Dominions of the Duke of Moscovy.

Lettere, Letteranum, a small City which is a Bi∣shops See, under the Archbishop of Amalsi, in the Kingdom of Naples: seated in the Hither Principate, upon a Hill; about three Miles from the Tyrrhe∣nian Sea, and the same from the Confines of the Terra di Lavori; fifteen Miles South of Naples.

Leucate, Leucata, a small Town in Languedoc, in the Confines of Roussillon; seated upon a Lake of the same name: it had heretofore a Castle, built by Francis I. upon an inaccessable Rock, very strong, which is now destroyed: near this place the Spani∣ards received a great overthrow by the French in 1637.

Leuchtemberg, Leuchtemberga, a Castle in Nort∣gow, in the Dukedom of Bavaria; which is the Ca∣pital of a Langravate: seated upon an Hill, near the River and Town of Pfreimbt; one German Mile from the River Nab. The Territory is but small that belongs to it; yet was subject only to its own Land∣grave, till 1646. when the Males of that Family fail∣ing, it fell to the Elector of Bavaria, who still has it.

Leucosa, Leucosia, or Licosa, a small Island in the Sea of Tuscany, near a Cape of its own name, called Capo della Licosa. The Ancients have not omitted the mentioning of it.

Leuctra, an ancient City of Boeotia in Greece, sup∣posed to be the present Maina by some Geographers: famous in History for the Victory of Epaminon∣das over the Lacedaemonians, in the one hundred and second Olympiad, and the year of Rome 383. Cle∣ombrotus, the Lacedaemonian General, was there slain.

Leudrac, Vuldraca, a small River of France, in Autunois, in the Dukedom of Burgundy.

Leverano, a Principality in the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples, near the City Lecca.

Leuvin, a Lake and a Castle in the South part of Scotland, in the County of Fife; this Castle be∣longed to the Dowglasses, Earls of Morton: In it the famous Princess Mary, Queen of Scots, and Dowager of France, was imprisoned by her own Subjects in 1567. There is also a River of the same name, which falls into the Fyrth of Edenburgh, by Wem∣mis Castle.

Leutkirchen, or Leutkirch, Ectodurus, a small Im∣perial Free City in Schwaben in Germany, upon the River Eschach; (which a little lower falls into the Iler, which last falls into the Danube at Ʋlm) three German Miles from Memmingen to the South, ten from Ʋlm, and six from the Lake of Constance to the East; in the Territory of Algow.

Leutmeritz, Litomerinm, or Litomiersca, a City of Bohemia, called by the Inhabitants Litomiersk; by the Germans, Leutmeritz, and Letomeritz. It stands upon the Elbe, eight Miles from Prague to the North, and ten from Dresdin. This was made a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Prague, by Pope Alexander VII. in 1655. This City is the Capital of one of the Seventeen Praefectures of the Kingdom of Bohemia.

Leutomissel or Littomissel, Litomascum, an Epis∣copal City of the Kingdom of Bohemia, in the Prae∣fecture of Chrudim.

Leuwentz, a Town in the Government of New∣hausel, but in the County of Gran, in Hungary, upon the River Gran, six Miles from the City Gran to the North. General Souches put the Turks to a Rout here in 1664.

Leweck, Levecum, the Capital of the Kingdom of Cambay, in the East-Indies.

Lewes, a Town in Sussex, esteemed one of the biggest in that County. In 1263. here was a bloody Battel near this place, between Henry III. and the Ba∣rons; in which the Barons prevailed at last against the King, and forced him to a disadvantageous Peace. This Town is in the South part of the County, upon a Ri∣ver that hath no Name; almost six Miles from the Sea-Shoar to the South, twenty five from Winchel∣sey to the West: containing six Parish Churches The Assizes are commonly kept here. At the Rivers Mouth is New-Haven, some years since made secure for the harbouring of Ships. It returns two Mem∣bers of Parliament, and is the Capital of a Rape.

Lewemberg. See Lawenburg and Lemburg.

Lewis, Logus, Haraia, a great Island on the West of Scotland; which extends almost from 58 to 59 deg. of Lat. and lies sixty five English Miles di∣rectly West from Row-stoir Assyn, the most Western Cape of Assinshire in Scotland. This is the largest of all the Hebrides; said to be sixty Miles in length, and thirty broad. The Inhabitants of this, and all the other Western Isles, do much resemble the Wild Irish; being rude, uncivilized, and will hardly indure any Government or Law: belonging heretofore to the Kingdom of Norway, they were by Magnus King of that Country, sold to Alexander III. King of Scot∣land; and never thought worth the disciplining.

Lewroux, Leroux, Leprosium, a small City in le Berry in France, two Leagues from Bourges to the West.

Leybnitz, Savaria, Polybianum, once a City of the Ʋpper Pannonia, now a small Village of Stiria, upon the River Sack; which a little lower falls into Mure; four German Miles from Gratz to the East.

Leyden, Lugdunum Batavorum, is a great City in the State of Holland, mentioned by Ptolemy and Antoninus. It is seated upon the old Stream of the Rhine, and is the Capital of Rheinlandt, near the Lake of Harlem; three Leagues from Delft, and se∣ven from Amsterdam, Dort, and Ʋtretcht. Perhaps the most populous and wealthy City in all Holland, next Amsterdam. In the Roman times, the Praetor of the Empire for the Belgick Gaul, resided here with one of the Legions. It is situate in a plain and low Country, and has many Channels of Water pas∣sing through it: so that the City is divided into thirty one Islands, joined by one hundred forty five Bridges each to other: one hundred and four of which, are built with Stone. There lie about it most beautiful Meadows and Gardens; and the Air is reputed the best of all Holland. As this was one of the first Ci∣ties which revolted from the Spaniards in 1572. so it was one of the first also that felt their fury. For they having besieged Harlem in 1573. without suc∣cess, in the year following sat down before Leyden; and had reduced it to great extremity; when the Prince of Orange letting loose upon them the Wa∣ters which the Dams restrained before, by the same Stratagem brought relief to Leyden, and ruin on the Spanish Army: the year following, February 8. 1575. He opened the University there, to reward their Va∣lor, and recompence their losses: to which there has been added an excellent Library, a Physick Garden, and a Hall adorned with many Rarities of Anatomy-Antoninus gives this City the Title of Caput Germa∣norum.

Leye, Legia, a River in the Low-Countries, called by the French Lis. It ariseth in Artois, by the Castle of Lisburg; and watering Airen, and S. Venaut, en∣ters Flanders at Stegers; then passeth by Armentiers, Menene, and Cortryck to Gaunt, where it falls into the Schelde.

Leyne, Lynius, Leinius, a River in the Lower Saxony, which ariseth in the Territory of Eisfeld or

Eschfeld, near Heiligenstad; and flowing through the Dukedom of Brunswick by Gottingen, Lymbeck and Alfeld, at Saxstede it entertains the Inders: and so by Hannover, and Newstad, falls into the Aler. This River in the old Maps is called Rhum.

Leypsick, Lupfurdum, Lipsia, Lypsiae, a City of Germany in Misnia, in the Lower Saxony; which has a celebrated Mart upon the River Pleiss; under the Elector of Saxony; twelve German Miles from Dresden to the West, and sixteen from Magdeburg to the South. It has a Castle called Pleisenburg, and an University opened here by Frederick Marquess of Misnia, in 1409. Upon the Banishment of the fol∣lowers of Jerome of Prague from that City, four thousand Students retiring to this. In 1520. Luther disputed here with Eckius against the Popes Supre∣macy; soon after which, they embraced the Refor∣mation. In 1547. this City (which then belonged to Maurice Duke of Saxony) was besieged by John the Elector of that House, in the Month of January: Maurice (tho a Protestant) having joined with the Empe∣rour against the rest of the Augustane Princes, who had taken Arms for the defence of their Religion and Li∣berty, against Charles V. And although the City was not then taken, yet it was much defaced by the Bat∣tery, and its Suburbs burnt. In 1630. Gustavus A∣dolphus gave the Forces of Ferdinand II. a great de∣feat near this place. In 1642. the Swedes defeated the Forces of Ferdinand III. under the Arch-Duke Leopold, and Piccolomineo; and thereupon the City was forced to yield it self to the Victorious Swedes. It is not great, but rich, by reason of its Mart twice every year; and the great concourse of Students to this University.

Leyte, Leyta, Lutis, a River of Austria; which washing the Town Prurck adder Leyta, in the Lower Austria, at Altemburg falls into the Danube; three Hungarian Miles from Presburg to the South, and six from Javarin.

Lez, Ledum, Liria, a River of Languedoc; it ari∣seth three Miles above Montpellier, and a little be∣neath falls by the Lake of Maguelone, into the Medi∣terranean Sea. See Les.

Lhon. See Lippe.

Lhundain, the Welsh Name of London.

Lhydaw, the Name of Bretagne, a Province in France, in some of the Writers of the middle Ages.

Liacura, Parnassus, a Mountain in Greece, in Achaia.

Liamone, Pitanus, or Ticarius, a River in the Isle of Corsica.

Liampo, the most Easternly Cape of all the Conti∣nent of China in the East-Indies, taking its Name from a Town, so called, in the Province of Che∣chiara.

Lianne, Liana, Elna, a small River in Picardy in France; which ariseth in the Confines of Ar∣tois; and flowing through the County of Bo∣logne, by the Capital City of it, falls into the Bri∣tish Sea.

Liasto, Liguidon, a Sea-Port on the East of Sar∣dinia, an Island in the Mediterranean Sea.

Libano, Libanus, the greatest and best known Mountain in Syria; which alone produceth the Cedar Tree in that Country. It beginneth between the Confines of Arabia, and Damascus; and ends at the Mediterranian Sea near Tripoli; having run from East to West one hundred and twenty five Miles. It is the oftenest mentioned of any Mountain in the Sa∣cred Scriptures: exceeding high, and very far spread; fruitful and pleasant; and was the Northern Boun∣dary of the Holy Land, and Mother of the River Jordan. Now inhabited by divers Towns and some Cities, amongst which, is the Seat of the Residence of the Patriarch of the Maronites. The Rivers Ro∣chan, Nahar-Rossens, and Nahar-Cardicha spring from it. The Northern part is said to be continu∣ally covered with Snow. It hath Palestine to the South, Mesopotamia to the East, and Armenia to the North, with one foot in Phoenicia, another in Syria and the Mediterranean to the West. Oppo∣site to it, stands a Mountain called Antilibanus, sepa∣rated only by a Valley. See Antilibanus.

Libaw, Liba, a Town in the Dukedom of Cur∣land, in the Kingdom of Poland; which has an Ha∣ven on the Baltick Sea; in the Confines of Samogi∣tia; eighteen German Miles from Memel in Prussia; and twenty five from Mittaw, the Capital of Semi∣gallia, to the West. This Town was often taken and retaken in the late Wars between the Swedes and Poles: at last by the Treaty of Olive-Kloster, in 1660. it was restored to the Duke of Curland.

Liburnia, a Branch of the ancient Illyricum, now thrown partly into Croatia, and partly into Dalma∣tia. Its principal City was Scardona, now Scardo in Dalmatia. The Lopsi were some of its ancient peo∣ple: to whom, is owing the invention of light Fri∣gats, thence called Naves Liburnicae.

Libya, is so considerable a part of Africa in the old Geographies, that the Greeks called all Africa, Lybia. It stood divided into the Exterior and Inte∣rior. The former lay along the Mediterranean, be∣twixt Egypt and Marmorica; or from Egypt South, according to others, along the left Bank of the Nile, as far as to Aethiopia; in which space the Desart of Elfocat, and the Kingdom and Desart of Gaoga (now) are contained. The other ran from the Mountain Atlas, to the River Niger, containing the (now) vast Desart of Zaara. And this latter is Libya, properly so called. Which, together with Libya Marmorica (now Barca), and Libya Cyrenaica, makes up a se∣cond division, that we find in Writers, of Libya.

Lichfield, Lichfeldia, a City (which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Canterbury) seated in the County of Stafford: twenty four English Miles from Leicester to the West, ten from Stafford to the North-East, and sixteen from Coventry to the North-West. It is a low seated, beautiful, and large City; divided into two parts by a clear Brook, which is crossed by Causeys, with Sluces in them for the Passage of the Water. That part which lies on the South Side of this Water, is the greater by far; and divided into several Streets: and the North Part, though less, has the Cathedral Church, the Close (in∣compassed with a strong Wall) in which are the Pre∣bends Houses, and the Bishops Palace. This has been a Bishops See very long; for in the year of our Lord 606. Oswius King of Northumberland, having conquered the then Pagan Mercians, instituted a Bi∣shoprick, and settled Dwina as Bishop here, to in∣struct them in the Christian Faith: his Successors were in such esteem with the following Kings of Mercia, that they did not only obtain large Posses∣sions for the maintaining the Dignity of this See; but were also reputed the Primates of Mercia, and Arch∣bishops. Ladulph (one of them) had a Pall sent him as such, upon the Golden Solicitations of Offa, King of the Mercians, about 779. Which Dignity lasted not long; for it died with this King and Arch∣bishop Ladulph. A Synod held in 1075. ordaining, that the Bishops Sees for the future should be settled in the greatest Cities; Peter Bishop of Lichfield, re∣moved this to Chester. Robert Lindsey, another of them, removed it to Coventry. Roger Clinton, a third Bishop, but the thirty seventh in Succession, in 1148. began the beautiful Cathedral here, which he dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and S. Chad; and re∣built

the Castle, which is now intirely ruined. The Ciose, in the old Rebellion, was garrisoned for the King: But the Lord Brook, a zealous Parliamenta∣rian, coming before it, March 2. 1642. (though the General was slain, and so paid dear for his Dis∣loyalty) yet the place was taken by that Party. The twenty second of that Month, the King's Forces re∣turned, and besieged it the second time; and A∣pril 8. after a Defeat of three thousand that came to the Relief of it at Hopton Heath, it was again sur∣rendred to Prince Rupert. How long it continued in the King's Hands I know not; but I find it taken by Storm by the King May 30. 1645. and retaken by Treaty, June 18. in the same year, by Fairfax, after the fatal Battel of Naseby. Its Long. is 21. 20. Lat. 52. 42. Sir Edward Henry Lee, created Baron of Spellesburg, and Viscount Quarendon, was made Earl of Lichfield, June 5. 1674. Lichfield has also the honour to be a County Corporate, and besides the Cathedral, shews three Parish Churches.

Lico, Lycus, a River of Phrygia, in the Lesser Asia, which watereth Laodicea, and falls soon after into the Meander. See Laodicea.

Licosia, Ledrensis Ʋrbs, the same with Nicosia, the principal City of the Island of Cyprus.

Licostomo. See Scotusa.

Lida, a small Town which has a strong Castle built upon a Rock, and is the Capital of a Territory in the Palatinate of Vilna, in Lithuania, under the Kingdom of Poland. It stands upon the River Deta, ten Polish Miles from Vilna South, and seven from Novogrod; severely handled by the Moscovites in 1655.

Liddesdale, a small County in the South of Scot∣land, in the Borders of England; which takes its Name from a River that runs through it. It is boun∣ded on the North with Tivedale, on the West with Annandale, on the South with Cumberland, and on the East with Northumberland.

Lidkioping, Lidkiopinga, a small City in Westro∣gothia, a Province in Sweden, upon the Lake of We∣••er, and the River Lid; three Miles from Marystad to the West, forty five from Daleburg, and thirty from Falkop to the North.

Liechtenstein, a Principality in the Province of Austria in Germany. There is another Liechten∣stein in the Trentine, in Italy, near Bolzano.

Liege, Leodium, a City of Germany, which Lip∣sius calls Leodicum; the Writers of the middle Ages, Legia; the Inhabitants Luyck; the Germans Lut∣tyck: and the French Liege. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cologne; a great and popu∣lous City, built upon the Maes, and annexed to the Low Countries; yet a German City in the Circle of VVestphalia, and under the Protection of its own Bishop: fifteen Miles from Cologne to the West, five from Aquisgrane, ten from Louvain, and three from Maestricht to the South. It had a very strong Ca∣stle, which was ruined by the French. Though in the Protection of its own Bishop, yet it is a Free Imperial City: and herefore a pleasant Village situate in the Woods and Hills, amongst sweet Springs, which fell down from those Hills; frequently visited by Landebert Bishop of Tongres, who was afterwards slain here by Dodon a Servant of Pepin King of France. The See was first settled at Tongres, from thence removed to Maestricht, and at last by S. Hu∣bartus (one of these Bishops) settled at Liege. It takes this Name from a small River which there falls into the Maes: a vast part of the Ground within its Walls is not built; but imployed in Vineyards, and Orchards; and withal so very fruitful, that it may contend with Sicily. In this City Charles the Great, kept his Christmas in the year 769. Henry IV. died here of Grief in 1197. In the year 1131. Pope Inno∣cent II. crowned the Emperor Lottharius in the Church of S. Lambert here. Henry VI. reduced this City, (then in Rebellion) in 1191. It is supposed by some to be built by Amborix a German Prince, mentioned by Julius Caesar. It suffered much from the Normans; much also from one of the Dukes of Brabant, who in 1212. took it, and suffered it to be plundered six days together: in the fifteenth Century, Charles Duke of Burgimdy, taking advantage of their Disagreement in the Election of a Bishop, grievously afflicted it, (in 1468.) and destroyed a part of it: in this last Age it has been ill treated by its Bishops: and the French taking it by surprize in 1675 the next year after ruined the Castle; so that it is no great wonder, if after all these Calamities, the num∣ber of its Inhabitants are diminished. The Baron D'Elderen, great Dean of the Cathedral, was chosen Bishop and Prince of Liege, by plurality of Votes against the Cardinal of Furstenburgh, August 17. 1688.

The Bishoprick of Liege, or Luyck, is a part of the Circle of Westphalia; though annexed to the Spanish Netherlands: its ancient Inhabitants were the Eburones, of old called Tungri also. It is boun∣ded on the East and South, by the Dukedoms of Lim∣burgh, and Luxemburgh; on the West by Brabant, and the Earldom of Namur; and on the North by the Ʋpper Guelderland: Luxemburgh, Namur, and Hainault, have every of them agrandised themselves with the Spoils of this Diocese. The principal City is Liege; the rest are Dinant, S. Trayen, Huy, Maseich, and Tongres: besides these, it contained fifty two Baro∣nies, eighteen walled Towns, and four hundred Vil∣lages; being no less populous, than fruitful. It is thirty one Miles long, and fifteen broad: the Valleys produce plenty of Grass; the Plains, of Corn; the Hills, of Wines; the Mountains have their Quarries of Marble, and Mines of Lead, Iron and Brimstone; and Pit-Coal in abundance. Its Forests affords all sorts of Venison in great plenty: besides the Maes which runs the whole length of this Country, it has fourteen other Rivers; some very considerable; which both inrich the Lands, promote Trade, and afford them a great plenty of Fish: and after all, the Air is very temperate and healthful.

Lier, Ledo, a River in the Low-Countries.

Liere, Lier, a very strong Town in Brabant, in the District of Antwerp; seated upon the great Ne∣the, which falls two Miles further to the South into the Ruypel. This Town is under the Spaniards, and is a Frontier against the Hollanders; two Miles from Mechelen to the North, six from Brussels to the North-West, and three from Antwerp to the East. Naturally very strong by its Situation, and made much more so by Art. See Lire.

Liesse or Notre Dame de Liesse, a small Town in Laonnois County in Picardy, famous for the Devo∣tions there paid to a Chappel of the Virgin Mary.

Lieuvin, a District belonging to the City of Li∣sieux in Normandy; which lies between Auge to the West, the Mouth of the Seine to the North, the Territory of Roan to the East, and the Territory d' Ouche to the South. This was the Seat of the Lexovii, a Gaulish Tribe; and is now called Lexo∣viensis Ager, from them.

Lignitz, Lignitia, Lignitium, Hegetmatia, a City of Silesia in Bohemia, upon the River Katzbach, (Ca••us) which falls into the Oder; not two Miles from Jawer to the North, five from Glogaw, and se∣ven from Wratislaw. It was heretofore under a Duke of its own, together with a small Territory be∣longing to it; and has a noble Castle at this day. The Dutchy since 1675. is in the Emperor, as King of Bohemia.

Ligor, Ligorium, a City of the Kingdom of Siam, in the East-Indies, upon the Promontory of Malaca, near the Bay of Siam; in the middle between the City of Judia, (Ʋdia or Odida, the Capital of that Kingdom, to the North) and Malaca to the South; three hundred and eighty Miles from either: it has a good Harbour.

Ligorne, Livorno, Ligurnus, Liburnus portus, Leghorn, an ancient and celebrated Sea-Port, menti∣oned by Polybius, Antoninus and Cicero. It is cal∣led by the Italians, Livorno; by the English, Le∣gorne; by the French, Ligourne; seated in the Ter∣ritory of Pisa, on the West of Italy, under the Do∣minion of the Duke of Florence, in a Plain; fifteen Miles from Pisa to the South, ten from the Mouth of the Arno, forty from Piombino to the North, and sixty from Florence to the South-West. There be∣longs to it a large and a safe Haven, very much fre∣quented by Merchants; the Great Duke to secure the Wealth and Trade of it, has built three strong Forts upon it. This City belonged heretofore to the States of Genoua. Cosmus de Medices Duke of Flo∣rence, had it from them in exchange for Serezana; being then a poor despicable Village not much in∣habited, by reason of the unhealthfulness o•• the Air, corrupted by the Marshes near it. Francis and Fer∣dinando, (two of his Successors) having improved its condition, by making it a Free-Port, at a time when the Genouse had excessively inhansed their Im∣posts upon the Merchants, built the three Forts and walled the Town; and built in it also a Noble Palace for the Governour, and for the Reception of Foreign Ambassadors, with a large Arsenal or Magazin. It has two Havens; the greater is extreamly large, safe, and convenient for Ships of any Burthen: the lesser, called Darsi, is of some use for smaller Ships. See Du Val Voyage d▪ Ital.

Liguria, a part of the ancient Gallia Cisalpina in Italy, now contained in the States of Genoua.

Liiflandt. See Livonia.

Lilers, Lilerium, a Town in Artois, upon the Ri∣ver Navez, seven Leagues from Arras to the North.

Lille, L'Isle, Insula, Insulae, a City in Flanders, called by the Inhabitants Lyssel; by the English, Lisle; by the Italians, Lida; is the Capital of Flandria Gal∣lica; a great, strong, populous place, well Traded, upon the River Deuller. Lewis XIV. (the present King of France) took this from the Spaniards in 1667. It lies five Leagues from Ypre to the South, six from Doway, four from the Borders of Artois, and five from Tournay. Built by Baldwin IV. Count of Flanders, in 1007. Baldwin the Pious, his Son, being born here, favoured it very much: and on that account walled it in 1066. and built in it also a mag∣nificent Church, and a delicate Monastery. There is (saith L. Guicciardin) a good Castle in it, and the Ruins of an old one, called Buck; where the Go∣vernours for the ancient French Kings resided, which were then instituted the Forestexs of Flanders. This City was taken and burnt by Philip II. King of France, about 1185. Being rebuilt, it was again ta∣ken and harassed by Philip IV about 1304. Since then it is much increased, (saith the same Author) by the Industry of the Inhabitants, who imploy them∣selves mo••••ly in weaving Silks: so that it is raised to be the third City in the Low-Countries after Antiverp and Amslerdam; and frequently called in French, La petit Paris, for its Beauty. The French had it confirmed to them in 1668. by the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle. It is the Head of a large Chattellany, containing divers Villages; and strongly fortified. § Also, a pleasant Town in the County of Venaissin in Provence, five or six Leagues from Avignon, and about the same from Carpentras, in a fruitful Coun∣try; surrounded by the River Sorgue, like an Island, and thence called L'isle.

Lille, Illa, a River in Aquitain in France; which ariseth in the Province of Limosin; and flowing through Perigord, watereth Perigeux (Vesima) the Capital of that County, and Mucidan: at Cou∣traz it entertains the Dormia, from Aubeterre; then a little beneath Lisbourne falls into the Dordonne, seven Miles above its conjunction with the Ga∣ronne.

Lillebonne, or Islebonne, Islebonna, Juliobona, a Town in the Paix de Caux in Normandy, in the Dio∣cese of Rouen; giving Name to a Branch of the House of Lorrain. In the year 1080. the Bishops of Nor∣mandy were assembled in a Council here, in the pre∣sence of William the Conquerour, King of England, at which the Archbishop of Rouen presided.

Lillo, Lilloa, a strong Fort built by the Hollan∣ders upon the Schelde, two Leagues beneath Ant∣werp to the North, one above Santvliet or Sanflit to the South; and four from Bergen op Zoom. At this Fort all Ships that pass up the River to Antwerp, are by the Treaty of Minister to stop.

Lima or Ciudad de Los Reyes, Lima, the Capital of the Kingdom of Peru; a beautiful, great, well tra∣ded City; and the See of an Archbishop. Built in 1535. by Francis Pizarro, a Spaniard, in the Valley of Lima, called by Natives Rimac. The Viceroy of Peru resides here; which with other Advantages hath made it very great, rich, populous, and beautiful; though it be all built with Timber, and an open unwalled Town. They compute about five thousand Spani∣ards and forty thousand Negroes in it; a great number of Ecclesiastical Buildings, as Churches, Con∣vents, Colleges, and Hospitals; and a stately Palace Royal, wherein the Vice-Roy keeps his Court. It stands upon a River of the same Name; one Mile from the Pacifick Ocean, two from its own Harbor called Callao de Lima, one hundred and twenty from Cusco, the old Metropolis of this Kingdom, as Jo. Laei saith. It is under the King of Spain, and had an University opened in 1614. Long. 296.40. Lat. 23.30. A dreadful Earthquake Octob. 30. 1687. overthrew most of the Buildings, both publick and private, and buried above a thousand Inhabitants in the Ruins. The Ecclesiasticks of Peru have celebra∣ted two or three Councils here.

Lima, Lamia, a River in Portugal, which wash∣eth the Town of Viana de Foiz de Lima, six Leagues from Braga to the West; and then falls into the Ocean.

Limagne, Limane, Limania, or Alimania, a small Territory in Auvergne; which for the greatest part is contained in that Province. It is very well wa∣tered, and wonderfully fruitful; being a Plain, upon the River Allier, extending from North to South twelve Miles, near and below Clermont.

Limat, Limmat, Limagus, Lindemagus, a River in Switzerland; which ariseth in the County of Sar∣gans, or Sarganzerlandt; and runneth North through the Lake of Riva, and that of Zurich; after which it watereth Zurich, and Baden; and a little lower falls into the Aar, the chief River of Swit∣zerland.

Limburg, a Dutchy and Town in the Low-Coun∣tries. The Dutchy, though one of the Seventeen Provinces, is not great. It lies between the Duthcy of Juliers to the East and North, and the Bishoprick of Liege to the West and South. It had heretofore Dukes of its own: but upon the Death of Walrame the Third (by Dr. Heylin called Henry) in 1285. Adolph the next Heir sold it to John Duke of Bra∣bant; who pretended at the same time a Right to

it, as descended from Margaret, Daughter of Henry Duke of Limburgh, in 1172 married to Godfrey III. Duke of Brabant. In 1293 Reinold, Earl of Gel∣ders, set up another Title in the Right of Ermin∣grade his Wife, Daughter of Herman, late Duke of Limburg; but his Forces being defeated, and he ta∣ken Prisoner in the Battel of Worancan, he was for∣ced to refign his Right to John Duke of Brabant, to regain his liberty; and from that time the Dukes of Brabant have peaceably enjoyed it. The Earth is very fruitful as to Wheat and Fewel; it has excellent Mines of Iron, and one of Copperas. It contains one hundred and twenty five Villages, whereof five are walled.

Limburg, Limburgum, the principal City of the last mentioned Dukedom, is pleasantly seated upon a Hill by the River Weser, amongst shady Woods; in the Consines of the Bishoprick of Licge; six Leagues from that City to the East, seven from Maestricht, and four from Aquisgrane to the South. It had a very strong Castle, mounted upon a steep Hill, and of a difficult Access. The Hollanders took this City in 1632. but the Spaniards recovered it again. In 1675. the French surprized it; and being forced to leave it in 1677. they destroyed the Castle, which now lies in Rubbish.

Lime otherwise called Lime Regis, is a small Town in the Western Borders of the County of Dorset, next Devonshire, in the Hundred of Bridport, upon a steep Hill, and a River of the same Name; which hardly deserves the Name of a Sea-Port, though it is frequented by Fishermen. It hath a Road, suffi∣ciently secured from the violence of the Winds by Rocks and high Trees. It is a Corporation, gover∣ned by a Major, and sends two Burgesses to the Par∣liament: defended by Blake against the Kings Forces in the late Parliamentarian Rebellion to a Wonder, though it has no other Fortifications, than what Na∣ture bestowed upon it. To this Place, Charles II. af∣ter the Battel of VVorcester retired, and was promised passage for France; but deluded by the Master, and forced to seek it elsewhere. The late Duke of Mon∣mouth on June 11. 1685. with about one hundred and twenty Men on Board a single Vessel from Hol∣land surprized this Town, and began a Rebellion a∣gainst King James II. which was of short duration, unfortunate in all its events; and ended in the ruin of that Duke: being beheaded July 15. following, on Tower-Hill, in London.

Limen, Palus Moeotis, a Branch or Bay of the Euxine Sea, on the East of the Crim Tartary; cal∣led also Mar de Zabacce, and de Tana, from the Ri∣ver Tanais, which falls into it.

Limerick, Limericum, a strong City in the Province of Mounster, (but in the Confines of Connaught) upon the River Shannon: forty five Miles from Kil∣kenny to the West, thirty five from Gallway to the South, and from the main Ocean about sixty; but so accommodated by the River, that Ships of Burden come up to the very Walls. This City is the Capital of a County of the same Name; and a Bi∣shops See, under the Archbishop of Casshel. The Irish call it Loumeagh. It was first conquered from them, by Raimond de Grosse, an English Man: after which one Danewald, an Irish Royolet of Thomond, burnt it. King John built the Castle: the English in after times built an additional Town, and wal∣led it; securing it by Draw-Bridges, and whatever might contribute to the strength of it. What be∣came of this Place in the beginning of the Irish Re∣bellion, I do not find: but when Ireton came before it in 1651. to take it for the Parliamentarians, Hugh O-Neal, a Valiant Irish Man, and a good Comman∣der, being intrusted with the Government of it by the Lord Lieutenant; it made the best defence, and slew more of the Parliamentarians, than any place in Ireland: till after a Siege of three Months, it yiel∣ded upon Articles, when all their Victuals were spent. Having the Consolation of seeing her Conqueror soon swept away by the Plague, which he found here, when he forced the Town. After the Rout at the Boyne, King James's Forces rallied again here; and made a very vigorous defence under the Conduct of Monsieur Boiseleau the Governour: insomuch, that though King William in Person commanded the Siege, which began about the tenth of August 1690. yet his Ar∣my was forced to decamp the one and thirtieth fol∣lowing without success. The next year it surrended upon Articles

The County of Limerick is bounded on the North by the Rivers Shannon and Mysker, which part it from Clare and Ormond; on the East it has the County of Tipperary, on the South that of Cork, and on the West that of Kerry. A fertil Country (saith Mr. Camb∣den) and full of people, but able to shew few places of any account. The Western side is Mountainous; the rest Plain.

Limino, Lemene, Romatinum, a River of Friuli, which ariseth out of the Carnick Alpes; and wash∣ing Concordia, an old ruined City, twenty seven Miles from Aquileja to the East, falls into the Venetian Gulph.

Limoges, Lemovicum urbs, in Ptolemy called Rastiatum, in Ammianus Marcellinus Lemovix, and otherwise Lemovica, Lemovicina, a City which is the Capital of the Province of Limosin in France; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourges: great and populous; seated amongst Hills, by the River Vienne; twenty Leagues from Angoulesme to thé East, twenty five from Poictiers to the North-East, and forty from Bourdeaux. This City was of old times pillaged by the Goths and Franks. After∣wards by Storm taken by the Black Prince in 1371. who put four thousand of the Inhabitants to the Sword. Adorned now with divers Religious Houses, and has been a Viscounty for many Ages. The Bi∣shops of Aquitaine have celebrated some Councils at it.

Limosin, Lemovicensis Provincia, is a Province of France, in the Generalité of Aquitain; which is part of what was possessed by the Lemovices. It is a great and populous Province, but cold and barren, affording little Corn, or Wine, that is good: divided into two parts, the Upper and the Lower: on the North it is bounded by la Marche; on the East by Auvergne; on the South by Cahors; and on the West by Perigort, and Angoumois. Foreigners do sometimes include la Marche in this Province. The principal Cities are Limoges, Tulle, Brive, and Ʋserche.

Limoux, Limosium, a City of Languedoc, upon the River Aude, [Atax;] three Leagues from Carcas∣sone to the South, and six from Mirepoix to the East. It is built amongst the Hills, well peopled, and be∣longs to the Diocese of Narbonne.

Linceo, and Lincen, Lincestis, a River of Mace∣donia.

Linchiang, a City of the Kingdom of China, in the Province of Quamsi; upon the River Can, at the foot of the Mountains: esteemed the eighth City of that Province.

Liuck, or Lincken, a Fort in Flanders, in the District of Bourbourg, upon the River Colme, one League from Bourbourg to the North-East, and two from Audomar to the North. Taken by the French in 1676. and still in their Hands.

Lincoln, Lincolnia, Lindum, a famous City sea∣ted on the North side of the River Witham, over

which it hath several Bridges; almost in the Centre of the County to which it gives name: large, well built, and populous; extending from the top of a high Hill (where Lindum, the old Roman Town, stood; its Ditches and Rampier being still visible) a great way downwards unto the River. In this Town, the Va∣liant Britain, Vortimer, died in 456: being Poyson∣ed by Rowena, the Daughter of Hengist, and Wife of Vortiger. The Saxons after this ruined Lindum and built Lincoln nearer the River, about the times, when Paulinus first Preached the Christian Faith to them. The Danes destroyed it twice. In the time of Edward the Confessor, here was one thousand and seventy Man∣sions. In the Norman times no City in England was more Rich or Populous, as Will. of Malmsbury ac∣quaints us. Will. the Conqueror thought fit to build here a very strong Castle upon the top of the Hill a∣foresaid to awe the Inhabitants. Remigius, Bishop of Dorchester, near Oxon, at the same time removed the Sea hither, and built the Cathedral above the same Hill. In the Reign of Edward III. it was made a Mart or Staple. King Stephen was overcome and taken Priso∣ner near this City, in 1140. Sept. 5. in a great Battel with Maud the Empress, and afterwards at Bristol laid in Irons. Henry III. had better success here; when it being defended by the Barons against him under Prince Lewis, in 1217. May 19. he took it, forced Lewis to Flee to London, and soon after into France. Mr. Cambden observes, that of fifty Churches standing within an hundred Years of his time, there were only eighteen left. It hath by times gone through all the calamities of Fire, Sword, and Earthquake. Yet a large, populous, and well frequented place still, and enjoying the greatest Diocese of any in the King∣dom; as the Cathedral, there called commonly the Minster, is one of the stateliest Piles perhaps in Chri∣stendom. It hath the privilege also of being a Coun∣ty Corporate, whose Liberties extend about twenty Miles in compass, with the title of the County of the City of Lincoln. Its Long. 22. 52. Lat. 53. 12.

Lincolnshire, is bounded on the North by the Humber, and the British Sea; on the East by the same Sea, and part of Norfolk; on the South by Cambridge, Northampton, and Rutlandshire; on the West by Leicester, Nottingham, and Yorkshire. It is a very large County; extending in length from North to South almost sixty Miles, and carrying in some places thirty in breadth; fruitful in Corn and Grass, thick set with Towns, and well watered with Rivers; As the Humber, the Trent (which severs part of it from Nottinghamshire,) the Witham, running a cross it, the Woland and the Nen. The whole is divided into Lindsey to the Northward, which takes up about one half; Holland towards the Sea, South∣ward; and Kesteven, West from thence; which three divisions contain six hundred and thirty Parishes, and thirty five Market Towns. Here is plenty of Fowl and Fish. The old Inhabitans were the Cori∣tani. The present Earl of this County is Edward Lord Clinton; who succeeded in 1667, being the fifth of his Family that has born this Title, and the sixteenth Earl. Edward Fines, Lord Clinton, Lord Admiral, having obtained this Honor from Qu. Eliza∣beth, in 1565: before whose time the same title had passed through several Families by frequent interrup∣tions.

Lincopen, Lincopia, Lingacopia, a City of Swe∣den, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ʋpsal in Ostro-Gothia; between Soderkoping to the East, and Wadtena to the West; twenty eight Ger∣man Miles from Stockholm to the South-West, and almost eight East from the Lake of Veter. Long. 32. 48. Lat. 58. 3. The City is very small and inconside∣rable. We read of a Synod celebrated at it in 1148. under P. Eugenius III. It is also written Lindkee∣ping.

Lindaw, Lindavia, Lindavilum, Philyra, a City of Germany, in the Circle of Schwaben, in an Island in the Lake of Constance; joined to the Continent by a Bridge two hundred and ninety Paces long. It is an Imperial and Free City, situate in the borders of Switzerland: eight Miles from Constance to the North-East; and grew up out of the ruins of Aeschach, a place near to it. Very strong both by its Site, and by Art; and therefore it the more easily repelled the Forces of Count Wrangel the Swedish General, who in 1647. besieged it. The beginning of this City was a Monastery, built here by Adelbert Rorbuck, a Kins∣man of Charles the Great, in 810. This occasioned the building of a Village; and the Site being plea∣sant, fruitful, and convenient, it grew up by degrees to a City: at first subject to the Abbess; after that to the Dukes of Schwaben; obtaining its Privileges since from Rudolphus I. Frederick III. and Sigis∣mond.

Lindo, Lindus, a Sea-Port Town in the Isle of Rhodes; the Christian Inhabitants of which can bring about twenty good and large Ships into the Grand Seignior's Service.

Line, a rivulet in Staffordshire, upon which New∣castle stands; thence commonly called Newcastle up∣on Line, to distinguish it from Newcastle upon Tine.

Lindsey, one of the three parts of the County of Lincoln; containing all the Northern parts from the River Witham to the Humber, and from the Ocean to Trent. This was in 1626. by Charles I. made an Earldom; and granted to Robert Bartie, Lord Wil∣loughby of Eresby, Lord Great Chamberlain of Eng∣land; who died in the Bed of Honour at Edge-Hill October 23. 1642. being the King's General in that Battel. The present Earl, Robert Bartie, the third of this Family, succeeded in 1666.

Lingen, Lingo, a strong Town in Westphalia, which is the Capital of a County of the same Name; under the Prince of Orange, upon the River Ems; forty five Miles from Munster to the North, and fifty five from Emden to the South. The County, that be∣longs to it, lies in the Bishoprick of Munster; and is very small. It belonged to the Spaniards in the time of Charles V. but is now in the hands of the Prince of Orange.

Linlithgo, Linlithquo, Lithquo, Lindum, a Town and a County in the South of Scotland. The Town standeth on the South side of the Fyrth of Edenburgh; twenty two Miles from that City to the West. This Place, as Mr. Cambden saith, is called Lindum by Ptolemy; and it takes its Name from a great Lake in this small County: from which ancient, the present Name is derived.

Linosa, an Island of the Mediterranean Sea, up∣on the Coast of Africa, near Maltha. It depends upon the Island of Maltha.

Linton, a Market Town in Cambridgeshire, in the Hundred of Chilford.

Lintz, Aurelianum, Lentia, called by Aurelian, Lyncia, Lyncium; and by some understood to be the Aredate of Ptolemy; is the Capital City of the Ʋpper Austria; small, but populous; seated upon the Da∣nube, over which it has a Bridge; and in it a magni∣ficent Castle, whither the Emperors of the House of Austria have frequently retired for their Pleasure, and Divertisement. It stands six German Miles from Pas∣saw to the East, and twenty four from Vienna to the West. Dr. Brown gives this account of it. It is not very great, but as neat and handsom a City as most in Germany. There is in it a very great Market∣place, with never a bad House in it: the whole Town is built of a very white free Stone, and the Castle

upon the Hill is of a Modern building, very large; there is also a Bridge over the Danube. The Im∣perial Forces Rendezvouzed here, when Solyman came to Vienna, in 1532. This was also besieged by the Peasants of Austria, in the time of Ferdinand II. They having got a Body together of forty thousand Men, and many pieces of Ordnance; but were stout∣ly repulsed after many Assaults, and at last overcome by Papenheim. The late renowned Duke of Lor∣raine dyed at a Convent near this Lintz. See Lor∣raine.

Lintz, Lentium, a small Town upon the Rhine, in the Diocese of Cologn in Westerwaldt; five Miles beneath Coblentz to the North, six from Cologn; in the borders of the Dukedom of Juliers.

Lintzgow, Lentinensis Populus, a part of the Dukedom of Bavaria.

Lipari, Liparae, a knot of small Islands, being seven in number, belonging to the Kingdom of Sicily: they lie in the Tyrrhenian Sea, about thirty Miles to the North-West of the Island, and the same distance from Calabria to the West. Though they belong to Sicily, yet Charles V. for his convenience attributed them to the Kingdom of Naples: but in 1609. they were restored to Sicily, and at this day are holden by the King of Spain as a part of it. The ancient Poets Epithet them Aeoliae and Vulcaniae, from a fiction of their being the Country of the Gods of those names. The principal is the Island called Lipari, which has an Episcopal City to enable it, under the Metropoliti∣cal jurisdiction of Messina in Sicily. In 1544. Bar∣berousse, the Turkish Admiral, ruined this City; but it was rebuilt again, and a considerable Fortress added to it.

Lippa, a City of Transylvania, seated upon the River Marosch, which falls in the Tibiscus at Segedin. It stands five Hungarian Miles from Temeswar to the North, and thirteen from Alba Julia, or Weissen∣burgh, to the South-West. This City was taken in 1595. from the Turks, by the Emperor: Retaken by Assault by General Caraffa with a Body of ten thou∣sand Imperialists on Aug. 19. 1688. And the Castle, into which the Garrison retreated to save themselves, being about two thousand Soldiers, was obliged to Sur∣render upon discretion two days after. There were eighteen pieces of Cannon in it.

Lippe, Lippia, a City of Westphalia, more com∣monly called Lipstat. It stands upon the River Lippe, three German Miles from Paderborn to the East; in Marshes, and a bad Air; yet it is a Hanse Town, very great, and the Capital of a County of the same name. It was once too a Free Imperial City: in length of time it became exempt, and fell under the Jurisdiction of the Counts of Lippe, and by one of them was mort∣gaged to the Duke of Cleve for eight thousand Marks of Silver; and never since redeemed; but together with Cleve fell to the Duke of Brandenburgh. Char∣lemaigne assembled the Bishops of Germany here in 780. The County of Lippe is a part of the Circle of Westphalia; between the Bishoprick of Paderborn, the Dukedom of Westphalia, and the County or Earl∣dom of Ravensberg. It is under its own Count, (the principal Town excepted) whose Residence is at Lem∣gow. He has also a part of the Earldom of Schaum∣burgh, not long since granted him by Maurice Landt∣grave of Hassia.

The Lippe, Lupias, Luppia, is a River of Ger∣many, mentioned by Strabo and Mela. It ariseth in a Village called Lippsprinck, near Paderborn; and running Westward, watereth Lippe, or Lipstad; se∣parating the Diocese of Munster from the County of Mark; it passeth by Ham, Dorsten, and Wesel into the Rhine; twelve Miles beneath Cologn to the North-West.

Lippio, Hyppius, a River of Bithynia, which falls into the Euxine Sea, near Heraclea Ponti.

Lipuda, Aretas, a River of Calabria, which fal∣leth by the City of Ʋmbriatico, into the Ionian Sea.

Lire, Lira. See Liere above. Only let me add the Elogy given it by L. Guicciardin; Lira, elegans & amoenum Brabantiae oppidum; adeo ut multorum hujus Tractus Nobilium, in otio degentium, à curis & turba jucundissimus sit recessus. Lire is so beau∣tiful and pleasant a Town of Brabant, that many of the Nobility thereof, make it their beloved recess from Cares and Crouds of Men.

Lirio, Iris, the same with Casalmach.

Lis, Loegia: The same with Leye.

Lisbon, Olysippo, Ʋlysippo, (the Spaniards call it Lisboa,) the Capital City of the Kingdom of Portu∣gal, the Royal Seat of their Kings, and an Archbi∣shops See made by P. Boniface IX. It has a large, safe, convenient Harbor; and a Castle built on a Hill by the Taso; on the North side of which River the City stands two Leagues from the Ocean, and six from Cabo di Rocca Sintra. In Long. 11. 00. Lat. 38. 50. According to Dr. Heylyn, in Long. 9. 10. Lat. 38. 30. This City was recovered from the Moors by Alphonsus King of Portugal, in 1147. It is the greatest in all Spain, and every day encreasing. At a Town, called Bethlem, within half a League of it, are to be seen the Tombs of the Kings of Portugal. Of this City the Spaniards have a Proverb, Qui no ha vi∣sto Lisboa, no ha visto cosa boa. He that has not seen Lisbonne, has seen nothing that's good.

Lisieux, Lexobii, Lexovium, Neomagus, a City in the Ʋpper Normandy, upon the River Tucca, (or rather Lezon;) which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Roan: a great and fine City, seated in a fruitful Country; five Leagues from the Shoars of the British Seas to the East, eighteen from Roan to the West, and ten from Caen to the East. The Country about is from it called the Lieuvin. Caesar in his Commentaries twice mentions the Forces of the ancient People thereof, against the Romans. In 1106. The Ecclesiastiques held a Council here in the presence of Henry I. King of England; and since, others.

Lismore, Lismora, a small City in the Province of Munster, in the County of Waterford; which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cashell; but this Bishoprick has been united to that of Water∣ford, since 1363. It stands upon the River More; fifteen Miles from the Vergivian Ocean, and twenty two from Cashell.

Lisnia, a strong Fortress in Bosnia, surprized by the Imperialists July 18. 1690. after having in the two precedent Years been thrice attack'd by them in vain. Two hundred Christian Slaves were here free'd.

Lison, Casius, a Mountain of Syria, mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy; lying between Cilicia and Phoenicia, near Antioch and Laodicea. There is ano∣ther Mountain by it, called the Anticasus; and a Country between them called heretofore Casiolis; in which are the Cities of Antiochia, Seleucia, Laodi∣cea, Epiphania, Marathus, Antaradus, and some others; most of which are by the Turks, (now Ma∣sters of this Country) ruined. A Gentleman, who had Travelled over this Country, informing me; that it was little inhabited by any but the Wild Arabs, though prodigiously fruitful; and that he frequently met the ruins of great Cities, buried in their own Rubbish, whose Memorial was perished with them.

Lisonzo. See Isonzo.

Lissa, an Island belonging to Dalmatia, thirty Miles South of Lesina.

Lissus, a River of Thrace, said by Herodotus to be drunk dry by Xerxes's Army. § This is likewise the ancient Name of the Town Fionissi in Canadia; which Strabo calls Lictus. See Fionissi. And of ano∣ther in Albania, near the Bay of Drin, now called Alessio.

Listra, Lystra, a City of Lycaonia, in the Lesser Asia, mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles. It lies forty Miles from Cogni, [Iconium,] to the West; and was once a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ico∣nium; but is now totally ruined and desolate.

Lita, Lete, a City of Macedonia, upon the Gulph of Thessalonica; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Thessalonica; two Miles from it to the South.

Lithquo. See Linlithgo.

Lithuania, a Province and Grand Dukedom be∣longing to the Kingdom of Poland; called by the In∣habitants, Litwa; by the Germans, Littawen; by the Poles, Litewsky; which was heretofore a part of Sarmatia Europaea. This Country imbraced the Christian Faith, in 1386. Jagellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania, being made King of Poland; and in 1569. this Dukedom was for ever united to the Kingdom of Poland. It is bounded on the East by Moscovy, or great Russia; on the North by the same in part, and by Livonia and Samogitia; on the West by Poland (properly so called) and Moz••via; on the South by Red Russia. The Dukedom of Czernichow did here∣tofore belong to this Province, which is now under the Russ. The principal Cities are Breslaw, Brest, Grodno, Minsko, Mohilow, Noovogrodook, Poloczk, Troki, Wilne, or Vilna, (the Capital) and Witebsk. This is the greatest Province belonging to that King∣dom: being in length from the River of Polet to Dassow two hundred and sixty▪ German Miles; and in breadth (between the Niemen or Memel, and the Nieper) eighty. It is all overspread with Woods, Forests, and Marshes, which since the times of Sigis∣mond I. have yet been very much improved. The Air is exceeding cold, and the Inhabitants as barbarous. Their language is a dialect of the Sclavonick; and their Frontiers have been often desolated by the incur∣sions of the Tartars and Moscovites.

Livadia, Lebadia, Creusa, a City of Boeotia, which from this City is now called Livadia. It is seated upon a River, which falls into a Lake of the same name, but was anciently called Cephissus. Mr. Wheeler, who had seen this Place, saith; It is an an∣cient City, and still called by its ancient name; the Greeks pronouncing B as we do the V Consonant. The ancient buildings are yet remaining: we found (saith he) several Inscriptions to the same purpose; it is situate about a pointed Hill, on the top of which is an old Castle, on the N. side of the high Cliffs of a Mountain of a moderate height, which I took to be part of the Helicon, till I found it afterwards parted from it by a Valley; therefore I now take it to be Mount Tilphusium. This City stands fifteen Leagues from Delphis, now Salona, to the East. From this City all that part of Greece, which was anciently called Achaia, is now called Livadia; lying from Ne∣gropont in the East, to the Ionian Sea West: having Thessalia on the North, the Gulph of Lepanto, the Hexamilia, and the Bay of Corinth on the South; in which stand Lepanto, Salona, Livadia, and A∣thens.

Livenza, Liquentia, a River in the State of Ve∣nice, which ariseth in the borders of Bellunese; and flowing South, separates the Marquisate of Treviso from Friuli; then falls into the Venetian Gulph, twenty Miles from Venice to the South East.

Livonia, called by the Inhabitants Lie••land; by the Poles, Inflanty; by the French, Livonie; is a great and cultivated Province of the Kingdom of Po∣land, ever since it was taken from the Knights of the Teutonick Order: but the greatest part of it has since been taken from them by the Swedes. It is bounded on the North by the Bay of Finland; on the West with the Bay of Riga, (both parts of the Baltick Sea;) on the South with Samogithia, and Lituania; and on the East with Ingria and Pleskow, two Provinces belonging to the Russ. It is divided into four Coun∣ties; Esten (Esthonia,) Curland, Semigallen, and Letten. Esten is under the Swede, and also Letten; except a little part towards the East, which the Russ have. Curland and Semigallen, are subject to a Duke, who is a Feudatary of the Crown of Poland: there be∣long to it also Oesel, and Dagho, (two Islands in the Baltick Sea,) which were possessed by the Dane; till in 1645. by a Treaty at Bromsbro, they were yielded to the Swede. The chief Towns in it are Narva, Parnaw, Revel, Riga (the Capital,) Derpt and Wol∣mer. Its length from Narva to Memmel is ninety German Miles: its breadth from the Sea to Dodina, sixty. It produceth Wheat in abundance; which the Dwina and Narva, bring down to Riga and Narva, for Exportation. Its Forests abound with wild Boars, Bears, &c. which come over the Nar∣va, out of Russia. This People being then Barba∣rous, began to imbrace the Christian Faith about 1161. Meinradus became their first Bishop in 1190. The way of Instruction being thought too slow by his Successors, Albertus, (one of them) instituted an Order of Knights to Bang them into Christianity, which were called the Livonian Order; but in time united with the Teutonick in 1237. About 1525. these two Orders were again parted by Albert Duke of Branden∣burgh; and Sigismond, King of Poland, put an end to them in 1587. In 1617. the Swedes became Ma∣sters of this Country. In 1634. the Muscovites ce∣ded all their right to it to Ladislaus K. of Poland; who by the treaty of Stumsdorf, confirmed the Swedes in the possession of as much as they held on the North of the Dwina, for twenty six years: All which was en∣tirely yielded to them in 1660. by the peace of Oliva.

Livorno. See Ligorne.

Lizaine, Liricinus, a River in Normandy.

The Lizard Point, the furthest South-West Point or Cape of the Goon-hilly Downes in Cornwal; which is a tract, pretty large, shooting forth from the main Land into the South Sea. In Latin called, Danmo∣niorum Promontorium.

Lizza, Laodicea.

Llanbeder, a Market Town in Cardiganshire in Wales, in the Hundred of Moythen.

Llandaff, Landava, a small City and a Bishops See in the County of Clamorgan, in South Wales; seated upon the West side of the River Taff; three Miles to the North from the Sea. This Bishoprick was Founded by Germanus and Lupus, two Holy French Bishops, about 522. And Dubricius (a Holy Man) was made the first Bishop; to whom Meuricke, a British Lord, freely gave all the Land that lieth be∣tween the Taff, and the Elei. But one Kitchin, a Bishop about the time of the Reformation, so wasted the Revenue, that it will scarce maintain its Bishop. Dr. William Beaw, the seventy sixth Bishop, is the present Bishop of this See, and was Consecrated June 22. 1679. Its Long. is 16. 52. Lat. 51. 49.

Llandilo Vawr, a Market Town in Carmarthen∣shire in Wales, in the Hundred of Cayo.

Llanelly, a Market Town in Carmarthenshire in Wales, in the Hundred of Kidwelly.

Llangadoc, a Market Town in the County of Ca∣ermarthen, and the Hundred of Perueth.

Lleleyda, Ilerda. See Lerida.

Llobregat, Clodianus. See Fluvian.

Loanda, a small Island on the Coast of the King∣dom of Congo; in which is the City of St. Paulo, with a large and safe Port, and a strong Castle, under the Dominion of the Portuguese; an hundred and eighty Miles from the Mouth of the River Zaire to the South. This City was once taken by the Dutch, but valiant∣ly retaken by the Portuguese. The Bishop of Angola has his Residence here. Long. 34. 40. South Lat. 9. 10.

Loango, Loangum, a City, and a great and pow∣erful Kingdom in the West of the Lower Aethiopia, in Africa; between the Kingdom of Congo to the South, and Bidfara to the North. Written also Lo∣vango and Loanga. The City stands within a League and an half of the Sea.

Lobach, Laubachus, a small River which falls into the Sambre.

Lobaw, a small Town in Poland, in Prussia Re∣gia; thirteen Miles from Culme to the East▪ in which is a Castle, wherein the Bishop of Culme for the most part resides; who is therefore often called the Bishop of Lobaw.

Locarno, by the Germans called Luggar, a Town and Bailiwick in Italy, upon the Lake of Verbanus, (now Magiore;) thirty Miles from Como to the South-East, forty from Novara, and five from the Confines of the Dukedom of Milan. This is now under the Swiss, since the Year 1512. but was heretofore a part of the Duchy of Milan.

Lochem, Lochemum, a strong Town in Guelder∣land, under the Hollanders, in the Confines of Over-Yssel and Westphalia; two Leagues from Zutphen to the East. This was taken by the French in 1672. dis∣mantled, and deserted in 1674.

Loches, Lochia, a City of France, in the Pro∣vince of Touraine, upon the River Indre, with a For∣tress and a strong Castle, wherein have been kept some Prisoners of State. Charles VII. K. of France made it his ordinary Residence: Lewis XI. added divers apartments to it: seven Leagues from Amboise to the South, and twenty two from Bourges.

Locra, a River of Corsica.

Locris, in Magna Graecia; see Gieraci, its mo∣dern name. § This was also a Country in Graecia Antiqua, adjoyning to Phocis in Achaia.

Loda, Olda▪ See Lot.

Lodeves, Glanum, Luteva, Forum Neronis, a City of the Lower Languedoc; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Narbone; being raised to this Honor by Pope John XXII. It stands upon the Ri∣ver Lergue, at the foot of Mount Sevennes, in the borders of Rovergue; twelve Leagues from Narbone to the North; it has heretofore given the title of a Viscount. The Bishops style themselves the Counts of Montbrun, from a Castle in the Neighbourhood of this City.

Lodi, Laus Pompeia, a City and Roman Colony setled by Pompeius Strabo, the Father of Pompey the Great. It became a Bishops Sea, under the Archbishop of Milan: and is now a considerable Town in the Dukedom of Milan, well inhabited; and shews many foot-steps of a great Antiquity. Called Lodi Vecchio, and for shorter Pronuntiation, Lodive, that is, Old Lodi: it stands upon the Rivolet Silaro; five Miles from the New Lodi to the West: much ruined by the Inhabitants of Milan, in 1158.

Lodi, or New Lodi, is a City in the Dukedom of Milan, upon the River Adda; twenty Miles from Mi∣lan to the West, and the same distance from Cremo∣na, Brixia, and Placentia: built by Frederick the Emperor, in 1204. and being placed in a fruitful Soil, is now great, populous, and well fortified; be∣ing a Frontier towards the State of Venice; and the Capital of the Territory of Lodesane.

Lodrino, the same with Drino.

Lodro••, a Seigniory in the Trentine in Italy.

Lodun. See Loudun.

Loet, Lo••, a River of France near Estampes.

Logan, a Town and Bailiwick in Italy, belonging to the Swiss.

Logronno, Juliobrigo, an old City of Spain, in the Confines of Castile and Navarre.

Loignon, or Lougnon, Ligno, a River in the Franche Comte; which falls by Besanzon into the Saone, at Pontalie; four Miles above Auxonne to the North.

Loing, Lupia, a River of France, which riseth in Puysdie, in the borders of Burgundy; and run∣ning North, watereth Chastillon sur Loing, Mon∣targis, and Nemours; then falls into the Seyne at Mo∣ret, four Leagues above Melun to the East.

Loiowogrod, Loiovogrodum, a Town in Red Rus∣sia, in the Palatinate of Kiovia, on the West side of the Nieper, where it receives the Sosz. This Place was ennobled by a signal Victory obtained by Janu∣sius Radzivil, a Polander, against the Cossacks, June 31. 1649.

Loir, Arula, Laedus, is a River of France; which ariseth in the Province of le Perche, near the Village de Corves; and running into the Territory of Char∣tres in la Beause, watereth Chaudun, Vendosme, le Jude, la Fleche; then falls into the Sartre, a little above Angers: this last, and the Mayenne, fall into the great Loyre, twelve Miles above Nantes, and five be∣neath Angers.

Loire, or Loyre, Liger, Ligeris, is one of the greatest, and most celebrated Rivers of France. It hath this name from a Meddow, which it washeth near its Fountain, in the Parish of Eulatia in Velay, at the foot of Mount G••rbier de Joux: hence flowing Northward by le Puy, it entereth Foretz, and passeth Feurs; having taken in the Rioutort, Loigno, Anse, and Furan: then passing to Roanne and Bourbon-Lancy, it passeth to Nevers; before which time it has entertained amongst many others, the Lay, the Bre∣binche, the Aroux, and the Besbre, over against Bour∣bon. A little beneath Nevers it admits the Allier out of Bourbon; and passing by la Chayite, Chistillon, Gien, and Chauneuf, it washeth Orleans: then ben∣ding from North-West to South-West, it entereth Vendosme at Blangency; and watereth Blois and Tours. Beneath which from the South it receives the Cher, and the Rideau or Indre, (two great Rivers, but uni∣ted in one before they fall into the Loire) and a little further the Vienne, which brings a great many other Rivers with him: so entering the Dukedom of Anjou, and leaving Saumur upon his Southern Bank, at In∣grande from the North he takes in the Sartre; and hasteth to Nantes; from which to the Sea he beareth Ships of burden. At last he falls into the Bay of Aqui∣tain, with a vast Stream, by a wide and large Chan∣nel, twelve Miles beneath Nantes; after a Course of two hundred French Leagues; one hundred and sixty six of which are Navigable by Boats, and the twelve last by Ships: the Current, rapid. It is said to enter∣tain 1▪12 Rivers in this course.

Le Loiret, Ligerula, a River which ariseth near Orleans, and falls into the Loir. It issueth from so plentiful a Spring, that it will presently bear a Boat.

Loket, Locta, a City of Bohemia, called by the Germans Ellebogen. It is very strongly fortified, and has a Castle on a Hill, upon the River Eger; in the Confines of Misnia; four Miles from Eger or Heb, another City of Bohemia to the East; eighteen from Prague, and as many from Dresden.

Lomaigne, Leomania, a Tract or Country in Aquitain, (or Gascony;) the principal Town of which is Vi•• de Lomaigne: it lies between the County of Armagnac, Verdun, and the Garonne;

by which it is parted from the County of Agenois.

Loman, a River in Devonshire, which falls into the Ex by Tiverton in that County.

Lombardy, Lombardia, Longobardia, is a consi∣derable Country in the North of Italy; under which is contained the greatest part of Gallia Cisalpina. It is divided into two, the Higher and the Lower Lom∣bardy. In the Higher, are Piedmont (with what is annexed to it,) the Dukedoms of Milan, and Mon∣tisferat: in the Lower are the Dukedoms of Man∣tua, Modena, and Parma; with the Western parts of the State of Venice, viz. The Territories of Berga∣mo, Brescia, Cremona, Verona, and Vicenza: also the Dukedoms of Ferrara, with the Territory of Bo∣nonia, (or Bologna,) which are in the States of the Church, and now under the Pope. The Italians also divide it into Lombardia di qua dal Po, and Lom∣bardia di la dal Po, i. e. Lombardy on each side the Po. This was that Kingdom of the Lombards (Langobardi or Longobardi) in Italy, which Charles the Great ruined, after he had at Pavie taken Desi∣derius (their last King) Prisoner. The principal Ci∣ty of this Kingdom was Milan. This Kingdom was erected in 578. Isaacson placeth its beginning in 393. with whom Helvicus agrees; Agelmond being their first King; before whom they had Dukes: it continu∣ed so under eleven Princes; that is, in Pannonia, (or Hungary,) not in Italy. They came into Italy in 568. And their Kingdom continued there under twenty one Princes till 774, when Carlous Magnus Dethroned. (as was said) In all, two hundred and six Years.

Lombez, Lombaria, or Lumbaria, a small City in Aquitain in France; in the County of Cominges, upon the River Sava; (which falls into the Garonne, four Miles beneath Tolose.) Lombes stands five Leagues from the Garonne to the North, eight from Aux to the South-East, and ten from Tolose to the South-West. Made a Bishops See by Pope John XXII. (who at the same time erected its ancient Abbey into a Cathedral) under the Archbishop of Tolose, in 1317. But little, and not well inhabited. The Albigenses were excommunicated in a Council here.

Lombura, the Indus.

Lomond, and Lough Lomond, Lomandus, is a great Lake in the South of Scotland, in the County of Lenox; between Menteith to the East, and Ar∣gile to the West. In length from North to South twenty Miles, ten in breadth from East to West in some places, in others three and four. It is only four Miles from Dunbritown to the North, and a little more from its Fyrth; the River Levin empties it into the Fyrth. There is in it sixteen small Islands.

Lon, Lone, or Lunne, a River of Lancashire, upon which Lancaster and Hornby are situated, and Kirkby Lonsdale in the County of Westmorland. It ends in the Irish Sea.

London, Londinum, Augusta Trinobantum, the Capital City of the Kingdom of England; or rather three Cities united into one: Its length from East to West, from Lime-house to the further end of Mill∣bank in Westminster, coming to 7500 Geometrical pa∣ces, i. e. seven measured Miles and an half, at a thou∣sand paces a Mile: Its breadth, from the further end of Whitechappel-street to St. George's Fields in South∣wark, near three Miles. It is first mentioned by Ta∣citus, afterwards by Ammianus Marcellinus, who calls it Augusta; Stephanus de Ʋrbibus, Lindoni∣um; Bede and Sigebert call it Lindona; the En∣glish, London; the Saxons, Lundain; the French, Londres; the Germans, Londen; and the Italians, Londra. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Canterbury; seated in the County of Middlesex, upon the Thames (a noble navigable River), over which it has a Bridge of nineteen Arches, built with Houses on both sides, and of late enlarged as to the Passage. This is also the Royal City, the Seat of the Kings of England, and has been so for many years. Therefore called the King of Englands Chamber. It is situate in a rich and plentiful Soil; abounding with plenty of all things; and on the gentle ascent of an Hill, on the North Side of the Thames. By whom, or when it was first built, is now unknown. Tacitus saith, that in Nero's time, about the Year of Christ 66, it was Copia Negotiatorum, & Commeatu maxi∣mè celebre. A place of great resort for Commerce, and famous for plenty of provisions. But London was then near a great Calamity: for Boadicia, Queen of the Iceni, being provoked by the Injuries of the Romans, to assemble the Britains, fell first upon Ca∣malodunum, (now Maldon in Essex;) and taking it by surprize that year, put all the Romans to the Sword. Petilius Cerealis, coming up with the ninth Legion, was defeated; and all his Foot put to the Sword too, the Horse hardly escaping. In the Inte∣rim Suetonius, the Roman Propraetor, or Governor. (who was then conquering the Isle of Anglesey) comes up to London; and was at first almost resolved to make it the Seat of War; but finding reasons to al∣ter this Resolve, he marched away to S. Albans: so Boadicia (who was not far off) came up, and put all She found in the Town to the Sword; and soon after treats S. Albans in the same manner: in which three places She destroyed seventy thousand Romans and their Allies. This City soon recovered this Blow, and was afterward as famous as ever. In the Year of Christ 292, it was in danger of being Sack'd by the Franks; if an unexpected Arrival of some Roman Forces had not accidentally preserved it, even when the Franks were actually in Possession of it. Soon after this, Constantine the Great is said to have Walled it. In 313, we find Restitutus, Bishop of London, at the Council of Arles in France, subscribing after Eborius, Bishop of York. Bede is very positive, that it was then an Archbishops See. Mr. Cambden is of opinion, it was delivered up to the Saxons, under Hengist their first King, by Vortigern, about the Year of Christ, 463. Tho this changed the state of things, and rui∣ned Christianity; yet London continued in all this Storm a considerable Mart, or Sea-Port: in 610. S. Paul's Church was built, (or rather rebuilt) and assigned to the Uses of Christianity, by Athelbert, King of Kent. Miletus was made the first Bishop of London, after the Conversion of the Saxons, in 604; the Metropolitick See being removed by Augustin the Monk then from London to Canterbury. About the Year 701, Offa, King of the East-Angles, enlarged and endowed the Church of Westminster: which is since become another City, joined to London. In the Year 854, this City fell into the Hands of the Danes, who Sacked it, and Canterbury; coming then with a Fleet of two hundred and fifty Ships. In 1012, these Barbarians slew the Bishop of London, for not paying them their Tribute; the Year after, Sweno (King of the Danes) took the City, and expelled King Ethelred out of England; but this lasted not long. In the Year 1016, Canutus the Dane took London; and in 1018, was there Crowned King of England. In 1042, there was an end put to this Danish Race; and Edward the Confessor was Crowned King of Eng∣land. In 1064, this Prince died; and Herald usurp∣ing upon Edward Atheling, the Right Heir, William Duke of Normandy entred England, slew him, and in 1066, was Crowned in London. The Fate of Lon∣don has been much the same with that of England ever since; for this Prince in 1078, having built the Tower of London, it became the setled Residence of our Kings from that day forward. William II. in 1099, Wal∣led

the Tower. King John in 1210, Granted this Ci∣ty its first Charter; and Instituted its Major, and Go∣vernment. In 1211, He built London Bridge. In 1217, Lewis of France was besieged in London by Henry III. and forced to leave the Land. In 1378, John Philpot, a Londoner, at his own Cost, and upon his own Authority, put out a Fleet, and cleared the Seas of Pyrats. In 1381, the Country Clowns rising against the Nobility, and one Jack Straw behaving himself insolently towards the King in Smithfield; Sir William Wallworth, the Lord Major, stabbed him, and put an end to that Rebellion; for which Service the Red Dagger was added, as is said, to the Arms of London. In 1392, that Prince seized their Liber∣ties, for resusing to lend him Money. In 1567, the Royal Exchange was built by Sir Thomas Gresham. In succeeding times it throve to that degree, as to have one hundred and thirty three Parishes, accounted with∣in its Walls and Suburbs. In 1665, a Plague swept away one hundred thousand of her Inhabitants. In 1666, a devouring Fire Levelled thirteen thousand of her Houses. The Footsteps of which dismal Calami∣ty, by the Industry of the Citizens, encouraged by their Gracious King Charles II. are not otherwise to be seen, but in a more glorious Restauration. A great multitude of Provincial and National Councils have been celebrated at London in all times. Long. 23. 25. Lat. 51. 34. § Boston in New England is sometimes also called New London.

London-Derry, is a Colony of the English, Plan∣ted in the County of Col••ain, in the North of the Pro∣vince of Ʋlster: in a fruitful Soil, and upon Wa∣ters that afford it great plenty of Fish of all sorts. This in 1612, was made a London Colony; some of the Companies in London bearing the Charge of it; and one Colonel Dockwray (an old experienced Com∣mander of the English) being sent with them to com∣mand, govern, and take care of them. Being thus happily begun, and a great number following the first, in a short time it became the most considerable City in Ʋlster. And being as well carefully Fortified and Garrisoned as Peopled, in the time of the Irish Mas∣sacre, it stood so firm for the English, that no Force or Fraud of the Irish could expel them. The Irish had reduced them to great extremity in 1649, but one Owen Row Oneale in time frustrated their At∣tempts, and relieved the Town, when it was just up∣on the point of being starved into a Complyance. See Derry.

Longford, a Town and County in Ireland, in the Province of Leinster. The County has Connaught on the West, Ʋlster on the North, Letrim and Ros∣comen on the West, and Mayo on the South. The Town is small, and stands upon the North Side of the River Long; where it falls into the Lake of Eske.

Longland, an Island in the Baltick, taken from the Danes by the Swedes, in 1657.

Long Meg and her Daughters, a Trophy in the County of Cumberland, erected at Salkeld, on the River Eden. It consists of seventy seven Stones, each ten foot above ground; but the highest is fifteen foot, and this by the Inhabitants has the Name given it of Long Meg.

Longouy, or Longwy, a Town in the Duchy of Lorain, in the Dukedom of Bar, in the Confines of Luxemburg; five Leagues from Montmidy to the East, and the same distance from Luxemburg to the South; lately fortified by the French.

Longtown, a Market Town in the County of Cum∣berland, in Eskdale Ward.

Longueil, a Town in Normandy near Dieppe, giv∣ing its name to an honorable Family.

Longueville, a Town in the Paix de Cauxe in Normandy, which had the honour to be erected from the Title of an Earldom into a Dukedom in 1505. by Lewis XII. K. of France.

Loon, Loen, Lon, Los, a River in the Bishoprick of Liege, in the Earldom of Loots; called by these various Names by the Germans, Dutch and French.

Lopski, Lopia, a part of Tartary, on the East of Moscovy; beyond the River Ob; which is subject to the Russ, but lies in Asia; between Siberia and Bai∣da; two other Provinces of that vast Empire.

Loquabre, or Lockabre, a County in Scotland, cal∣led by Latin Writers Abria, and Loquabria: it lies on the West of Scotland, towards the Hebrides; writ∣ten by the Scots, Loch Quaber; and bounded on the North with the Ocean and the County of Ross; on the East with Murray and Athole; on the South with Perth, Menteith, and Loune, cut off from it by the broad Tay; and on the West with the Ocean. There are some Castles, but never a Town or City of any Note in it.

Lorain, Lotharingia, Austrasia, is a Dukedom belonging to Germany; of late seized by the French King, and therefore by Baudrand made a part of France. Bounded on the East with Alsatia, (cut off by the Mountain Vauge, Vogesus, and the Dukedom of Bipont or Westreich, as the Germans call it;) on the South with the County of Burgundy, or the Fran∣che Compté; on the West with the River Maes, which parts it from Champagne; and on the North with Luxemburg, Metz, Verdun, and the Land of Triers. This Country is in length about four days Journey, in breadth three; much overgrown with Woods, very Hilly and Mountainous, being a part of the once vast Forest of Ardenne. It was given by Lotharius, the Emperor, to his second Son Lotharius; and from him took the Name of Lorain, or (as others write it) Lorraigne. This happened about the Year 851. Others say, it took this Name from the Father, and not from the Son, about the Year 843: but all agree, that from Lotharius this County was called by the Germans Lotreich; by the Dutch Lot-reigne; (i. e. the Kingdom of Lot;) and from hence of later times by the Germans Lotthiringen; by the Inhabitants Lorrain; by the French Lorain. The first of these Dukes of Lorain was Charles, right Heir of the Caro∣line Line of France; but excluded, defeated, and taken Prisoner by Hugh Capet. His Advancement was from Otho II. (Emperor of Germany,) about the Year 981; being the Son of Lewis IV. of France, and of Gerbage an Aunt of the said Otho. From this Charles, the present young Duke of Lorain is Lineal∣ly Descended, being the thirty fourth Duke of his Fa∣mily. The French first Possessed themselves of this Dukedom under Lewis XIII, in 1663: It was resto∣red to this Family again by the Pyrenean Treaty, in 1659. In the Year 1674, it was again reassumed by the French. Charles Leopold, the late Duke of fa∣mous memory, being in the mean time employed by the Emperor as his General, won more Honour than he could have done if he had succeeded his Uncle in his rightful Inheritance. This great Prince died on the eighteenth of April, 1690, suddenly, in his forty eighth year, at a Convent near Lintz, in his Journey to Vienna; his renowned Actions and high Merits making him extremely lamented. He Married Elio∣nora Maria of Austria, Dowager of Michael, King of Poland, and Sister to the present Emperor; by whom the Title to this Dukedom continues in the Family to his eldest Son.

Lorca, Eliocrata, Ilorcis, a small, but ancient City of the Kingdom of Murcia in Spain: it was in the times of the Goths a Bishops See, under the Archbi∣shop of Toledo. But this See was since removed to Cartagena Nueva. It stands upon the River Guadi∣lentin,

in the Confines of the Kingdom of Granada, ill peopled; twelve Miles from Murcia; in Long 19. 15. Lat. 38. 2.

Lorne, Lorna, a County in the North of Scotland, upon the Western Ocean, bounded on the North by Loquabre; on the East by Menteith; on the South by Argyle, and Cantyr; and on the West by the Ver∣givian Ocean: the old Inhabitants of this County were the Epidii, as Cambden acquaints us.

Loretto, or Lauretto, Lauretum, a small, and a New City in the Marcha Anconitana, in the Domi∣nions of the Church; made a Bishops See by Pope Sixtus V. in 1586. and in 1591. the Bishoprick of Recanati was for ever united to this new See. It stands upon a long Hill; three Miles from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea, fifteen from Ancona to the South; very well fortified to preserve it from the In∣cursions of the Turks, and has a Noble Palace. But that which is its greatest, yea, its only Glory, is the Chappel of the Virgin Mary, called La Santa Casa, the Holy House; Pilgrims out of all parts of Europe repairing hither, to perform their Devotions to the Virgin. This place was anciently a desolate Grove, where in the Pagan Times some think there was a Temple of Juno Cuprana. The Chappel, that is so much esteemed, is supposed to be the very Chamber in which the Queen of Heaven was her self Educated; and received the Angel's Salutation. They believe it was brought hither out of Palestine by Angels. All this is proved by the Testimony of Grave Men, and the Memorials of an innumerable number of Miracles, which are believed to have been wrought here. The Reader is not to suppose it was brought from Pale∣stine hither at once: no, it was deposited, after the taking of Ptolomais by the Saracens, first in Dalma∣tia, in the year 1291. Thence the Thieveries of that Nation occasioned her Remove three or four years af∣ter, to a Wood in this Marquisate, and from thence to a Hill; and here two Brothers not agreeing, She at last removed to Loretto: Where (saith Tursellinus) She hath resolved to take up her fixed, and as we hope (if no grievous offence of the Inhabitants or Neighbours prevent it) her eternal Rest: her last Remove (he assures us) was in 1295. And if she has been able to digest all the Italian Sins for almost four hundred years, we may well presume She will re∣move no more; at least not in our Days.

Lorgues, Lonas, Leonas, Leonicae, a Town in Pro∣vence, in the Diocese of Frejus, two Leagues from Draguignan, five from Frejus, and fourteen from Aix: situated in a fertile Soil; and adorned with a Collegiate Church of the Foundation of Pope Mar∣tin V. in 1421. together with divers Religious Houses.

Lorris, Lauriacum, a Town in the Diocese of An∣gers and the Dukedom of Anjou in France: remark∣ed for a French Synod there assembled in 843.

Losere, a Mountain in Languedoc, in which are the Fountains of the River Tarn, that separates Aqui∣tain from Languedoc. This is a Branch of the Se∣vennes; extended towards the Lower Languedoc, six Leagues from Ghave (or Javoux) to the North-West, and eight from Ʋzes to the South-East: mentioned by Sidonius Apollinaris, in his twenty fourth Verse.

Losse, a River of Scotland, in the County▪ of Murray, called by Ptolemy, Loxa: it watereth the North part of that County, and falls into the German Ocean beneath Elgin, the Capital of that County.

Lot, Le, Olda, Loda, a River in Aquitain in France; which ariseth from the Sevennes, a Moun∣tain in Givaudan, (a County of Languedoc;) and flowing within one Mile of Mende, a City in the County, and soon after augmented by the Truer, and some smaller Rivers; and running Westward through Rovergne, and Querey, (which latter it di∣vides;) it at last watereth Agen, Cassenneil, and Cle∣rac; then falls into the Garonne near Aiguillon, four Leagues beneath Agen. Whereas heretofore this Ri∣ver was passable by Boats only as far as Ville Neuve de Agen; it is of late with vast Expence made Na∣vigable as high as Chaors; (to the inestimable Benefit of this Province) by the present King of France, in 1677.

Lothaine, Laudonia, a County in the South of Scotland; bounded on the North by the Fyrth of Edinburgh; on the East by the German Ocean: on the South by Marches, Twedal, and Cluydesdale; and on the West by the County of Sterling. This County is thirty four Scotch Miles in length from East to West: but not above ten broad for the most part. It is the principal County in that Kingdom; Edinburgh standing almost in the middle of it; besides which, it hath Lyth, Dunbar, and Dalkeith.

Lotophagi, the ancient People of the Island, now called L'isle des Gerbes, upon the Coast of Africa, under the Spaniards. They are mentioned by divers of the Ancients with applause.

Lotreich, or Lothar-reich, Lorain.

Loudun, Juliodunum, a City of France, in the County of Poictou; six Leagues from Salmur to the South, ten from Poictiers, and eighteen from Am∣boise to the North-West: from this City the circum∣jacent Country is called le Laudonnois, which King Henry III. erected into a Dutchy; and in the Wri∣ters of the middle Age this City is called also Laus∣dunum.

Lovenstein, Lovenstenum, a Castle, or Triangu∣lar Fort in the County of Holland, in the Island of Bommel; at the union of the Vahal, and the Maes, over against Worcum; four Miles from Ʋtrecht to the South, and a little more from Dort to the East. This Fort belongs to the States of Holland, and lies in the Borders of Guelderland.

Lough, the Irish word for a Lake.

Loughborough, a handsom, pleasant Market Town in Leicestershire, in the Hundred of West Goscote, upon the Banks of the River Stowre, over which it has a Bridge; and near the Forest of Char∣wood, amongst fertile Meadows.

Lough Foyle, Logia, a River of Ireland, in the Province of Ʋlster; which by London-Derry falls in∣to the Deucalidonian Ocean, between the County of Derry, and the Isle of Owen; nine Miles from Coldagh to the East.

Loughabrin, Loughaber: see Loquabre.

Louisiane, a large Country South West of New France in America, lately discovered by the French as far as to the Mouth of the River Colbert, in the South Sea, and so called in honour of their present King Lewis XIV. They report it to enjoy a very fruitful Clime for Wine, Corn, Fruits, Fish, and Fowl.

Lowe, East and West, two Market and Borough Towns in the County of Cornwall, in the West Hun∣dred, both upon the South Sea, and both having the Election of two Burgesses for the Parliament.

Lowitz, Lovitium, a small, but well built and populous Town of the Greater Poland, upon the River Bsura; in which the Archbishop of Gnesna has a noble and strong Castle, seated in a Marsh, built by Jarowslaws, (one of those Archbishops) in which the rest of his Successors have for the most part resided: it is in the Palatinate of Rava, between Ʋla∣dislaw to the North, and Rava to the South; five Polish Miles from the latter, and six from Ploczko to the South-West.

Le Loup, Lupus, a River in Provence in France. There is another of the same Name in Lionnois, which falls into the Adour.

Lourdes, Lorda, a City of France in Bigorre:

Louses, Loutosa, a place or Town in the Dio∣cess of Troyes in France.

Louth, Lutum, Loutha, a small Town in the Pro∣vince of Leinster, in the County of Louth, upon a River of the same Name; between Dundalk to the North, and Ardrac to the South, seven Miles from either.

The County of Louth lies in Leinster, or rather Ʋlster: bounded on the East by the Irish Sea; on the North by Downe; on the West by Armagh, and Monaghan; and on the South by Fingall in Lein∣ster. § There is called by this Name a Market Town also in Lincolnshire, in the Hundred of Loutheask.

Louvaine, Louvanium, a great City in Brabant, in the Low Countries; called by the Inhabitants Loe∣ven; by the Spaniards ▪Lobayna; by the Italians Lovanio; and by the French Louvaine. It stands upon the River Dele, (which a little lower falls into the Demer, which last falls into the Schelde at Rupelmondel) four Miles from Mechlen to the South-East, eight from Namur to the North, and the same distance from Antwerp to the South-East. In 1427. there was an University opened here by John Duke of Brabant: others make it to have been Founded by another John Duke of Brabant in 926. The Popes Martin V. and Eugenius IV. granted it great Privileges. It has thriven very well; here being more than twenty Colleges founded by se∣veral Persons for the incouragement and promotion of Learning, very magnificent, and well governed: to which belong the publick Schools, which are very magnificent. This City is four Miles in com∣pass within the Walls; seated in a very fruitful Soil; and has so gentle and pleasant an Air, that Wine is made both within the Walls, and without. It is so very ancient, that its Original is supposed to have been before the Roman Conquest by Julius Caesar: and has been several times enlarged. The Walls, it now has, were built in 1361. There are within these Walls, saith L. Guicciardin, great Meadows, beauti∣ful Vineyards, rare Orchards and Gardens, and all manner of Conveniences; which shews that it is not overstocked with Inhabitants. This Town is still un∣der the Spaniards; and has about it a District, called the Quartier de Louvaine; which is one of the four Jurisdictions of Brabant. The Dukes of Brabant used to take the Title of Earls of Louvain. Long. 26.00. Lat. 50.54.

Lovat, Lowa, Chesinus, a River of Russia; which falls into the Lake of Ilmen, on the Borders of Livo∣nia. This Lake disburthens it self into that of Lado∣ga, by a River which passeth on the East of the City Novogorod.

Louwenborch. See Lawenburg.

Le Louvre, the King of France his Royal Palace in Paris.

Lowther, a River of the County of Westmor∣land, joining with the Eamont at Whinfield Forrest; upon the Banks whereof is Lowther-Hall, the Seat of the Family of the Lowthers, who for thirty De∣scents lineally from Father to Son have flourished here. The Park belonging to this Seat, the Parish, and the Bridge over the River, have the same Name.

Loylandt, one of the Shetland Islands on the North of Scotland.

Lubanskerzee, Lubanius, a Lake in Livonia, on the Confines of Poland, near the Town of Luban; near twenty Miles from Dunenburgh to the North.

Lubeck, Lubeca, Lubecum, a Great City in Ger∣many; in the Circle of the Lower Saxony, in the Dukedom of Holstein; which has been a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bremen, ever since the year 1162. when the Chair was Translated hither from Oldenburgh. It is a celebrated Mart, and one of the principal Hans Towns; upon the River Trave, in the Territory of Wagria; of which it is the Ca∣pital; about three Miles from the Baltick Sea to the South, upon which it has a great, and a safe Harbor. It was at first a very small Town, enlarged to a con∣siderable City, by Adelph, Count of Holstein, under Conrad III. Emperor of Germany. In the year 1209. the Danes being beaten out of it, it was made a Free Imperial City by Frederick II. Seated in the Limits of the Dukedom of Mecklenburg and Lawenburg; ten German Miles from Hamburg to the East, and as many from Wiesmar to the West. In 1238. it hap∣ned to be almost totally consumed by Fire. In 1500. they defended their Liberties by Arms against the King of Denmark; which War broke out again in 1509. when the Suedes took their part. They had the same Privileges confirmed to them by the Emperor Charles the Fifth, at the Diet of Ausburgh, in 1547, which before were granted them by Frederick II. This City embraced the Augustane Confession, in the year 1561. In 1562. they begun a War with the King of Sweden, which lasted till 1570. The Bishoprick is settled in Appenage to the younger Sons of the House of Holstein Gothorp, the Chapter having only an umbrary Election left to them: they are called Dukes of Oytin, from a small Town (four German Miles and an half from Lubeck to the North) where they for the most part reside; which was given these Bi∣shops by Adolph Count of Holstein, before the See was removed from Oldenburg to Lubeck In this Town there was a Peace concluded between the Em∣peror and the King of Denmark, in the year 1629. It is governed in the manner of a Republick, and observes a strict Alliance with Holland. Long.32.45. Lat.54.48.

Lubiana, Labachum. See Labach.

Lublin, Lublina, a City of the Lesser Poland; the Capital of a Palatinate of the same Name, upon the River Bistricz; twenty four Miles from Warsaw to the South, twelve from Chelm to the West, thirty six from Cracow to the South-East, and seventy from Vilna. It is a neat, spruce, populous City; and has a Castle seated on a Hill. The Palatinate of Lublin is one of the three which constitute the Lesser Po∣land; and lies between Mazovia, Red Russia, and the Palatinate of Landomir. Long.45.00 Lat.51.00.

Lublaw, Lubloa, called by the Poles Luboulia, i•• a Castle belonging to the Ʋpper Hungary; but mort∣gaged to the Crown of Poland in 1412, which has been ever since in their Hands: and being cut off from the County of Cepasz, it is annexed to the Palatinate of Cracow.

Lucania, an ancient Province of Italy, now thrown into the Basilicata in part, and part into Ca∣labria; but before, a Member of Magna Graecia. Its Inhabitants made frequent Wars with the Ro∣mans, and in the year of Rome 428. killed Alexan∣der, King of the Epirots, near the River Acheron.

The Luccaye Islands, near the Continent of America, in the North Sea, lie betwixt 294. and 304. Deg. of Long. and 21. and 28. of Lat. making a part of the Antilles. The chiefest of them are Lu∣caioneque, Amana, Abacoa, Bimini, Guanahani, Majaguana, Juma, &c. enjoying a temperate Air and a fruitful Soil.

Lucca, Luca, Luceria, a City and Republick of Italy, ascribed by Pliny and Strabo to Hetruria, but now in the Dukedom of Florence; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Pisa, tho not subject to his Jurisdiction. It is very strongly fortified with eleven Bastions; and very populous. Built by the Thusci, in the Year of the World 3236. thirty nine

years after Rome, in the times of Senacherib, and of Ezekiah King of Judah. Narsetes, the General of the Emperor Justinian, besieged it in the Sixth Cen∣tury. Charles V. left this City under the Govern∣ment of a French Cardinal, who set them at liberty. One of their own, Paulus Giunisius, Ravished this from them; they soon recovered it again. In the year 1390. the City was taken by Galatius, Duke of Milan: but in 1430. they again recovered their Li∣berty, which they have ever since carefully pre∣served; and to that purpose in 1626. made the pre∣sent Fortifications. The Dominions belonging to this State (by the Italians called Il Luchese) are small, not above thirty Miles long, and twenty five broad; lying between the Appennine to the North, the Me∣diterranean Sea to the West, the States of Genoua to the North, and Pisa to the South; its greatest length is from North to South. The Earth brings forth here, Wine, Oil, and Chesnuts in abundance; not so productive of Corn. The Inhabitants have improved every Inch of it to the utmost, by which they have made it very pleasant. The Bishop is im∣mediately subject to the Pope. This City stands ten Miles from Pisa to the North, thirteen from the Sea to the East, and forty five from Florence to the West. Commonly Epitheted, Lucca l'industriosa. The Tomb of Richard King of England (who died here in a journey to Rome) is to be seen in the Church of S. Fridainus. Long. 33. 16. Lat. 42. 50.

Luceria. See Nocera.

Lucerne, Lucerna, a City and Canton in Switzer∣land. The City stands in Argow, upon the Lake of Lucerne; where the River Russ flows out of it through this place; and is covered by three Bridges, nine German Miles from Bearn to the East, and six from Altorf to the South-West. An Imperial Free City, till the year, 1332, when it was exempted. The Marquess de la Parelle, Lieutenant-General of the Duke of Savoy's Army, recovered it out of the Hands of the French, in Aug. 1690.

The Lake of Lucerne, called by the Germans Lucernerzee, is extended twenty four Miles from East to West; and is often called the Waldtstatteuzee, from the four Cities which encompass it, viz. Altorf, Swiss, Stantz, and Lucerne.

The Canton of Lucerne, the third of the twelve Swiss Cantons, is Roman Catholick; united to the rest in 1332. and bounded North, West, South, and East by the Cantons of Zurich, Swiss, and Stantz.

Lucomerie, Lucomorie, a Province belonging to the Russ; beyond the River Ob in Asia, towards the North Ocean; in which there are no Cities: the People living in Woods, Caves, and desart places. Towards the South of this Province there are Moun∣tains called by the same Name.

Lurko. See Lusuc.

Luconia. See Lusson.

Ludlow, a large, populous, well built, Market and Borough Town in Shropshire, in the Hundred of O∣vers, upon the Banks of the Teme: walled and de∣fended by a Castle built by Roger Earl of Montgo∣mery. It elects two Parliament-Men: and the Court for the Marshes of Wales, first ordained by King Henry VIII. used to be kept here.

Lug, Logus, a small River which ariseth in Rad∣norshire; and flowing through the County of Here∣ford, a little beneath the principal City, falls into the Wye at Mordeford; bringing with it the Arrom, the Wadels, the Oney, the Loden, and the Frome.

Lugnitz, Vallis Leguntia, a Canton belonging to the Grisons.

Lugo, Lucus Augusti, Turris Augusti, Arae Sex∣tianae, a City and Bishops See, in Gallicia in Spain, under the Archbishop of Compostella; upon the River Minho: eighteen Leagues from Compostella to the East, ten from the Shoar of the Ocean South, and thirty from Leon to the West. An ancient Roman City, mentioned by Pliny and Antoninus. This City falling into the Hands of the Moors, was reco∣vered by Alphonsus King of Leon, who died in 756. That which has most contributed to its preservation, is its Hot Baths. Long. 12. 00. Lat. 43. 00. Several small Synods have been anciently assembled at it. § There is another Town called Lugo, about fifteen Miles from Ferrara in Italy; which was almost quite destroyed by the overflowing of the Po, in May, 1688.

Luki, Lodusia, a City and Port in Gothland in Sweden.

Lulworth Castle, a delightful and noted Castle in Dorsetshire, in the Hundred of Winfrith, with a large Park about it, and enjoying a Prospect into the British Sea. The Kings of England, in their Western Progress, have often honoured it with their presence.

Lumasia, the same with Bulgaria.

Lumellina, a Territory of Lumello, (a Town in Lombardy, in Italy, in the Dukedom of Milan, in the Territory of Pavia;) twenty Miles from that City to the West towards Casale.

Luna, an ancient Roman City in Italy, out of whose Ruins is sprung the present Sarzana. See Sarzana.

Lunden, Lundis, Londinum Scanorum, a City of the Kingdom of Sweden; which was the Capital of the Province of Scania; and an Archbishops See, with six Suffragan Bishops under it. These are all in the Kingdom of Denmark, to which this City belong∣ed, till 1658; when it fell into the Hands of the Swedes; who in 1668, opened here an University. It was once much Celebrated; but now in a decli∣ning Condition: eight German Miles from Copenha∣gen to the East, and six from Landscroon to the South-West: commonly called Lund by the Inhabitants. Made a Bishops See in 1065, an Archbishops in 1103: Ill treated by the Swedes in the latter Wars; the Danes receiving a considerable Overthrow near it, December 14. 1676. It is now only a Bishops See: the Archbishop being in 1660, Translated to Copen∣hagen. Long. 41. 00. Lat. 57. 23.

Lunenburgh, Luneburgh, Lunaeburgum, Seleno∣burgum, a City of the Lower Saxony in Germany, formerly one of the principal Hanse Towns in the Empire; and the Capital of the Dukedom of Lunen∣burgh. It stands upon the River Ilmenaw; not a∣bove two German Miles from the Elb to the South, ten from Lubeck, seven from Hamburgh to the South-West, and twenty from Bremen to the North-East. Built by Henry the Lyon, in 1190: but the Castle is older than the City an hundred and twenty four years. It took this Name from the Moon; the Image of which was worshiped here, till the Reign of Charles the Great, who took that Idolatry away. It grew up out of the Ruins of Bardwick, a Town within two Miles of the Elb to the South. When it was exempt∣ed from the Empire I do not find; but it is now un∣der the Duke of Lunenburgh, and is one of the strongest, and best fortified Towns of Germany. There was anciently a very famous Monastery in it, of the Order of S. Benedict: which Christian Lewis, Duke of Lunenburgh, in the year 1660. turned in∣to a College. Near it stands a Mountain, called by the Germans, Kalckberg, which affords excellent Chalk; and by it are many Salt Springs, that contribute much to its Wealth: it has one of the noblest Bridges in Eu∣rope, over a Navigable River. The Houses are magnificent; the Inhabitants rich, and numerous. The Dukes of Lunenburgh are of the House of Brunswick. Long. 32. 20. Lat. 53. 34.

The Dukedom of Lunenburgh is a part of the Lower Saxony; bounded on the North by the Earl∣dom of Pinnenburgh, and the Territories of Lubeck and Hamburgh; on the West with the Earldom of Hoy, and the Dukedoms of Bremen and Ferden; on the South with the Dukedom of Brunswick, and the Bishoprick of Hildesheim; on the East with the Dukedom of Mechlenburgh, and the Marquisate of Brandenburgh. It is watered by the Elb, the Aller, the Ilmenaw, (anciently called Lindaw, now com∣monly Die Awe) and the Jetze. The principal Cities and Towns are, (next that which gives its Name) Zell, Danneberg, Harburgh, Winsen, Gif∣horn, Borchdorp, and Walsrade. This Dukedom was first given to one Otho, of the House of Bavaria, by Frederick II. in 1235. which Family is still ex∣tant, and divided into several Branches.

Lure, Lurense Monasterium, a Monastery dedica∣ted to S. Martin, in the Franche Comte; upon the River Lougnon, at the Foot of Mount Vauge; thir∣teen Leagues from Besanzon to the North. The Ab∣bat of which has a Sovereignty belonging to his House.

Luri, a vast Village in the Isle of Corsica, near the Town of S. Florence.

Lusatia, a Province in Germany; called by the Germans, Lausnitz; and by the French, Lusace. It has been annexed both to Misnia, and Bohemia; but in the year 1623. it was granted by Frederick II. to the Elector of Saxony, and confirmed in the year 1637. Bounded on the East by Silesia; on the North by Marchia; on the West by the Ʋppper Saxo∣ny, and Misnia; and on the South by Bohemia. It is watered by the Sprew and Neiss; and has in it six great Towns or Cities; Bauken upon the Sprew, Gor∣litz upon the Neiss, Sittaw, Ramitz, Luben, and Guben. Also divided into two parts; The Upper, which lies towards Bohemia, and Misnia; and the Lower, towards Saxony; which latter was granted to John George the First, by the Elector of Saxony, in the year 1652. The Capital of it is Soraw.

Lusignan, Lusignanum, Lucinianum, a Town in Poictou, with a Castle, upon the River Vona; five Leagues from Poictiers to the North-West towards Rochel. In this place there arose a Family, some of which have been Kings of Cyprus and Jerusalem; it is also famous for the noble Castle of Melusine.

Luso, or Pluso, Aprusa, a River of Romandiola in Italy; it falls into the Adriatick Sea, near Rimini, between Ravenna and Pesaro.

Lusson, Luciona, Lucionum, Luxiona, a small City in Poictou in France; which is yet a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux, Instituted by Pope John XXII. in 1317. who at the same time changed its Benedictine Abbey into a Cathedral. It stands near a Marsh, and has no Walls; two Miles from the Sea, six from Maillezais to the West, twen∣ty four from Poictiers to the West, and five from Rochelle to the North. Cardinal Richelieu was once Bishop of this See.

Lusson, Luconia, Lussonia, the principal of the Philippine Islands; frequently called Manile, from the principal City in it; which is a Bishops See, and together with the Island subject to the Spaniards. This Island is said to be a thousand Miles in compass. It lies between Long. 145. and 150. and 14. and 20. South. Lat.

Lusuc, Luzuck, Luzko, and Luckolusuc, Luceo∣ria, a great City of Poland, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Gnesna, and the Capital of Wolhynia. It stands upon the River Ster, by a Lake, and has a strong Castle in it; not above seven Polish Miles from the Confines of Russia to the East (twen∣ty five, says Baudrand,) thirty four from Lemburgh to the North-East, and eighty five from Kiovia to the West. There are more Protestants and Jews than Roman Catholicks in this City, as Le Vasseur re∣ports.

Luton, a Market Town in Bedfordshire, in the Hundred of Flitt, upon the Borders of Hartford∣shire and Buckinghamshire.

Lutterworth, a Market Town in Leicestershire, in the Hundred of Goodlaxton, upon the River Swift, which soon after falls into the Avon; in a good Soil, and beautified with a large Church; whereof the fa∣mous John Wicliff was a Parson, whose Opinions entertained the Sessions of divers Councils at London, Oxford. &c. besides the General Council of Con∣stance.

Lutzeilstein, a County in Lorain.

Lutzen, Lutza, a small Town in Misnia, a Pro∣vince of the Ʋpper Saxony in Germany; where the Swedes won a signal Victory over the Austrian Forces; but lost Gustavus Adolphus, the bravest Prince they ever had, Nov. 16. 1632. This Town stands upon the River Elster, two German Miles from Maryburg to the North-East, and the same from Leypsick to the West.

Lutsko, or Lutscko, the same with Lusuc.

Luwow, the same with Lemburgh.

Luxemburgh, Luxemburgum, a very strong City, and a Dukedom in the Low Countries. The City is the Capital of that Dukedom. It is seated upon the River Elza, in part on a Hill, the rest on a Plain. Ptolemy calls it Augusta Romanduorum: Guiccar∣din saith, it has a good Situation, a great Compass, strong Fortifications, and convenient Buildings; tho by reason of the many Hazards of War it had gone through, many of its Houses were not only neglect∣ed, but deserted by their Owners. It has a Convent of the Order of S. Francis; Founded in the time of that Saint: in which lies buried John King of Bohe∣mia, Father of Charles IV. Emperor of Germany, slain by the English at the Battel of Cressy, in 1346. This City has continually born the first Brunts of the Wars between the French and the Netherlands. In 1529. Charles V. took it from Francis I. King of France. In 1542. it was taken and sacked by the Duke of Orleans; retaken, and treated in the same manner in the year following. It is at this day in the Hands of the French, who since their late Possession of it have added to its Fortifications. Four Leagues from Thionville to the North, six from Trier or Treves to the South-West, and nineteen from Maier to the North-East.

The Dukedom of Luxemburgh, is one of the se∣venteen Provinces of the Low Countries; lying most to the South-East; which was a part of the District, belonging of old to the Treviri: on the East it is bounded by the Bishoprick of Trier, separated by the Mosel: on the North it has the Dukedoms of Lim∣burgh and Namur, with the Bishoprick of Liege; on the West Picardy in part, and Hainault; on the South Lorrain: on the West the Maes, and the Fo∣rest of Ardenne do both close it. That part that lies towarps the West is barren; but abounds in Game, and Venison. That which lies more to the East is fruitful in Corn, Minerals, Quarries of ex∣cellent Stone, and whatever is necessary to the Life of Man. It is in compass about sixty French Leagues. At first a part of the Earldom of Ardenne; dis∣membred from it in the time of Otho the Empe∣ror; made a Dukedom in 1309. (as L. Guicciar∣din avers,) by Henry VII. who had been Count of Luxemburgh, before he was chosen Emperor. Si∣gismond, the last Duke and Emperor, gave it to Eliza∣beth, (Daughter of John Duke of Gorlitz, his Bro∣ther,) to prefer her in Marriage to Anthony Duke

of Burgundy; and with the rest of the Estates of that House, it came to the House of Austria. The French, who have ever lain heavy on this Frontier Country, have ravished from them the Southern parts, and the Cities of Monmedy, and Thionville. The Spaniards possess the Northern, with Bastogne.

Luzcko. See Lusuc.

Lyche, Laodicea, an ancient Maritime City of Syria, to∣wards the foot of the Mountain Libanus: built by Seleu∣cus, together with Antioch & Apamea; who called those three Cities, the three Sisters. Dionysius Africanus inti∣mates its pleasant situation upon the Sea Coast. It is a different place from Laodicea in Asia Minor.

Lycia, an ancient Province of Asia Minor, be∣twixt Caria and Pamphilia; famous for the Moun∣tain Chimaera, and the Cities Patara, Mira, Andri∣aca, &c. A part of it is now contained in Aidinelli, and the rest in Briquia or Manteselli.

Lycopolis, the ancient Name of Munia in Egypt; given it, says Diodorus Siculus, from the peoples adora∣tion of Wolves there, in the time of the Egyptian Idolatries. It has sometime been a Bishops See. See Munia. The famous Meletius was Bishop of Lyco∣polis about the year 300.

Lydia, an ancient and celebrated Province of Asia Minor, wherein stood the Cities Sardus, Philadel∣phia, Thyatira, &c. It had the honour to be a King∣dom for six hundred seventy five years, till King Croesus in the fifty ninth Olympiad, and the year of of the World 3510. and the year of Rome 210. was overcome by Cyrus; who subjected it to the Persian Empire, as afterwards it fell successively under the Greeks and Romans, and now is under the Turks, by the name of Carasia. The Rivers Hermus (now Sa∣rabat), Pactolus, and Caystrus (now Chiai), added to its ancient fame. A Colony, which this Country transmitted into Italy, settled in the Provinces of Tuscany (the present), as Virgil also remarks.

Lyd, A Market Town in the County of Kent, in Shepway Lath: It is a Member of the Cinque Ports.

Lym, Moschius, a River of Bulgaria. Baudrand calls it Ibar.

Lymbach, Olimachum, a Town in the Lower Hun∣gary, in the Consines of Stiria; not above one Ger∣man Mile from the River Muer, and four from Ca∣nisa to the South West. § There is another called by the same name, four Miles from this to the South.

Lyn, Linum Regis, a Sea-Port-Town and Cor∣poration in the County of Norfolk; seated on the Eastern Shoar of the River Ouse, where it falls into the Washes; called by Ptolemy Aestuarium Metaris. It is a large Town, incompassed with a deep Trench, and for the most part walled; divided by two small Rivers, which have about fifteen Bridges over them. Built out of the ruins of another old Town, called Lyn too; but standing in Marsh Land, on the oppo∣site side of the River; chiefly preferred on the ac∣count of the Haven, which is safe and easie of ac∣cess. It was at first called Bishops Lyn; because the ground it stands upon, belonged to the Bishop of Norwich, till the Reign of Henry VIII. It has great Privileges, which it obtained from King John, by siding with him against the Barons: he gave them his own Sword, to be carried before their Mayor; and a gilt Cup, which they still keep. From this place he went in 1216. with a mighty Army, over the Washes, into Lincolnshire; with a design to fight the Barons, (then united against him under Lewis, Dau∣phine of France,) but lost his Treasures and Carri∣ages in the passage, and his Life soon after. Then it was, that he granted them their Charter; and he ex∣piring soon after, and his Son having a necessity to comply with his Barons, for the expulsion of the French, their Liberties were seised, and the Town re∣duced to what it was before. In 1221. a Rebellion breaking out in Lincolnshire, this Prince (Hen∣ry III.) had occasion for their Loyalty, and Valour again: and they gave him such experience of both, that he regranted them their Charter, which they have ever since injoyed. Nor does this place deserve the less commendation for their Loyal Attempt, on the behalf of Charles I. in 1643. though instead of suc∣cess, it involved the Loyal Inhabitants in great Cala∣mities. Charles II. created Sir Horatio Townsend, Ba∣ronet, Baron of Lyn, April 20. 1661. rewarding at once his and their Loyalty by this Honour. It elects two Members of Parliament.

Lyons, Lugdunum Segusianorum, is an ancient City in France, called by the Inhabitants, Lyon; by the Germans, Leon; by the English, Lyons; and by the Poles, Lugdun. It is a very great, famous, strong, rich, populous City; an Archbishops See, and the Capital of a Province, called from it Lionnois; seated at the foot of an Hill, upon the confluence of the the Saone and Rhone, (two of the principal Rivers of France,) in the Confines of la Bresse, and le Dauphine; one hundred Leagues from Paris to the South, five from Vienne, thirty six from Avignon, sixty from Turin, (as Baudrand represents the di∣stances) and sixty five from the Mediterranean Sea to the North. The first Colony the Romans settled in this part of France; and built by Munacius Plan∣cus under Augustus, thirty five years before Christ. After this it flourished very much; especially under the Auspicious Reign of Claudius Caesar, who was born here, nine years before the Birth of our Savi∣our, thirty three after the slaughter of Julius Caesar. In the twelfth year of the Reign of Nero, the year of Christ sixty five, it was miserably ruined by Fire; and Nero contributed very freely to the rebuilding of it, as Tacitus tells us in his Annals. In after times no City in the Empire flourished more, both as to Lear∣ning and Commerce. Severus, the Emperor, treated it about 199. with great severity, for adhering to the Party of Albinus against him; burning a great part of the City. Gratianus, the Emperor, was perfidi∣ously murthered in this City, in 384. Majoranus, Ge∣neral to Leo the Emperour, at the request of Sido∣nius Apollinarus, repaired and beautified this City ve∣ry much, about 460. But this was no long-lived splendor; the Goths and Almains soon after prevai∣ling against the Romans in France. In the Reign of Clothaire King of France, about 532. an end being put to the Kingdom of Burgundy, (erected here by the Goths,) this City fell into the Hands of the French. In the Reign of Gunthram, King of Metz, between 565. and 596. this City was again burnt: nor did it suffer less from the Moors about 730. who were called by the remainder of the Goths, against the Franks. About 955. it was given to Conrade I. King of Burgundy. After this, it was for some time subject to the Counts of the Forest, till 1173. The See was founded by S. Potinus, and Irenaeus; the first of which suffered Martyrdom here, about 177. Anno 1079. Pope Gregory VII. is said to have made it an Archbishops See; doubtless it was so long before. Pope Clement V. was crowned here in the presence of Philip (the Fair) King of France, Edward I. of England, and James King of Arragon, in 1305. There have been many Councils held here. The most celebrated, was that in 1245. under Innocent IV. a∣gainst Frederick II. where that Prince was deposed as an Heretick, for Intelligence with the Sultan, and Familiarity with his Women; which produced a de∣structive War in Germany and Italy. There was ano∣ther in 1274. under Pope Gregory X. against the

Greek Church, in which were five hundred Bishops, sixty or seventy Archbishops, and one thousand other Ecclesiasticks, together with the Patriarchs of An∣tioch and Constantinople, &c. Long. 26. 00. Lat. 45. 15.

Lyonnois, Lugdunensis Provincia, is a small Pro∣vince in France; having on the East la Bresse, and the Dauphine; on the South and West le Foretz; and on the North le Beaujolois; it has on the East the Rhosne, and extends from it to the West about twelve Leagues, in length about fifteen.

Lyons en Forest, Leones, a small Town in Nor∣mandy; incompassed with Woods and Forests, upon the River Orleau; four Leagues from Roan to the East.

Lyon en Beausse, a Village in that Province, se∣ven Leagues from Orleans to the North.

Lyon sur Loyre, a Village in Orleans, in the Con∣fines of Berry, one League above Sully to the East.

Lysmore. See Lismore.