A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names of all the counties, provinces, remarkable cities, universities, ports, towns, mountains, seas, streights, fountains, and rivers of the whole world : their distances, longitudes, and latitudes : with a short historical account of the same, and their present state : to which is added an index of the ancient and Latin names : very necesary for the right understanding of all modern histories, and especially the divers accounts of the present transactions of Europe / begun by Edmund Bohun ... ; continued, corrected, and enlarged with great additions throughout, and particularly with whatever in the geographical part of the voluminous, Morey and Le Clerks occurs observable, by Mr. Bernard ; together with all the market-towns, corporations, and rivers, in England, wanting in both the former editions.

J A. (Book j)

JAbesh-Gilead, an antient Town of Judaea, in the Territory of Gilead, belonging to the Tribes of Israel. All whose Inhabitants, saving four hundred Young Virgins, were by the Israelites put to the Sword, for not assisting in the War against the Ben∣jamites, Judg. 21. 11. 12. In the Year of the World 2963. Nahash, King of the Ammonites, be∣sieg'd it, and refused to accept of its surrender, other∣wise, than upon the condition of putting out the right eye of every one. In the mean time Saul, com∣ing to their relief, engaged Nahash, defeated him, and raised the Siege. 1 Sam. 11.

Jacatra, a City and Kingdom in the Island of Ja••a in the East-Indies. The latter, is subject to the King of Bantam; the other, the same with Ba∣tavia; the Hollanders, under whom it is, having so new-named it. See Batavia.

Jacca, an ancient City belonging to the Vascenes, now in the Kingdom of Arragon; supposed to be built by Pompey the Great, but certainly called by this very Name by Ptolemy. It is a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Saragoza; and stands upon the River Aragona, at the Foot of the Pyrenean Hills; twenty one (Baudrand saith sixteen) Spanish Miles from Saragoza to the North, eight from the Confines of France, and eight from Huesca in Arragon to the North-West. This City is the Capital of the County of Arragon.

The Jacobites. Under this Name, says P. Simon, in general we may comprehend all the Monophysites of the East, i. e. such as acknowledge one only Na∣ture (the Humane) in Jesus Christ; in which Lati∣tude the Armenians, Cophtites and Abyssines will be included. But it more particularly denotes a se∣parate Church of Christians in Syria and Mesopota∣mia, consisting of about forty or forty five thousand Families, under a Patriarch of their own, who keeps his Residence at Caramit, and assumes the title of the Patriarch of Antioch, having divers Metropolitans un∣der him. Jacobus Zanzalus, a Syrian, of the sixth Century, dressing up a particular Creed out of the opinions of Eutyches and Dioscorus, was the Founder of this Church, which therefore retains his Christian Name. Amongst other customs and tenents, they deny the Trinity; they circumcise their Children first, then baptize them upon their forehead with a hot Iron; because of the words, Matth. 3. 11. He shall baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire. And no endeavours of the Roman See (whose Supre∣macy they disown) have hitherto been sufficient to al∣ter their Principles.

Jacamcury, a City of the Hither East-Indies, called of old Sosicurae as Castaldus conjectures.

Jacuby, a River of Tartary, which falls into the Caspian Sea, on the Confines of Bochar.

Jada, Lade, an Island in the Archipelago.

Jader, or Jada, Jadica, Guttalus, a River of Germany, more commonly called the Oder. It falls in the Baltick Sea near Stetin; having watered Si∣lesia, Marchia, and Pomerania, Hoffman placeth it in East Friseland. Others, in the County of Ol∣demburg in the Circle of Westphalia. See Oder. It gives Name to a Town at its fall.

Jadog, a River in Africa; called Rubricatus, Ar∣mua, and Ardalia of old: Ladog, and Guadilbar∣ber, as well as Jadog, in later Writers. It falls into the Mediterranean Sea, through the Kingdom of Tunis.

Jaen, Giennium, Gienna, Aurigi, Iliturgis, Au∣rinx, Oringe, Oningis, is a City and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Toledo, ever since 1249, ha∣ving been three years before recovered by Ferdinan∣do out of the Hands of the Moors. It is a great and populous City, in the Kingdom of Andalusia, upon the River Guadalbollon, where it receives that of Su∣sanna; twelve Miles from the Guadalquivir to the South, towards the Borders of Granada; and eighteen from Alcala to the South-East. This City has been heretofore so considerable, as to bear the title of a Kingdom.

Jafanapatan, Jaffanapatan, a City on the North of the Island of Ceylan, in the East-Indies: in the Hands of the Dutch, (who have built it a good For∣tress) and the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name. It lies in Long. 110. 00. Lat. 10. 07.

Jaffo, or Jaffa, Joppe, a Maritime City of Pale∣stine, in the Tribe of Dan, upon the Mediterranean Sea, twenty four Miles from Jerusalem; thought to be one of the ancientest in the World, as having been built and so named by Japhet the Son of Noah: Fa∣mous in all ages for the convenience of its Port; at which particularly Hiram King of Tyre his Fleet, la∣den with Cedar and Marble for the building of K. So∣lomon's Temple, discharg'd; and Jonas the Prophet took Ship for Tharsis. St. Peter also here raised Ta∣bitha from the dead, and saw the Vision of the Beasts. This City was ruined by Judas Macchabeus, and af∣terwards by the Emperor Titus. Next the Arabians established themselves in it; from whom the Chri∣stians under Godfrey of Bovillon recovered it, rebuilt the Castle, and made it a strong Garrison; adorning it likewise with the title of an Earldom, and an Epis∣copal See under the Archbishop of Cesarea. In the Year 1188. Saladine overcame and dismantled it. But Richard I. King of England, and S. Lewis King of France successively repair'd it again, till it fell fi∣nally into the hands of the Saracens in 1252. Now it consists of some poor Houses, with a small Fort, garrisoned for the Bassa of Gaza; nothing of its an∣cient Buildings appearing but in their ruins.

Jagerndorff, Carnovia, or Karnow, a Town in Sil••sia in Bohemia, the Capital of a District of the same Name, and heretofore under the Duke of Bran∣denburgh▪ It stands upon the River Oppa, which near Hilschin falls into the Oder; four German Miles from Ratibor, a City of Bohemia, towards the West; and about three from the Confines of Moravia: there is in it a very splendid and magnificent Castle.

S. Jago-Cavallero, a small Town in the Island of Hispaniola in America, twenty Leagues from S. Domingo to the East, near a Mountain from whence the rains bring down little pieces of Gold. The In∣habitants trade to San Domingo in Hides and Tal∣low.

Jagos, a vagabond Barbarian People of Africa, abounding more especially in the Kingdom of Ansico in the Lower Aethiopia, or according to others, in Congo; without a certain abode, living by robbery and carnage. Parents and Children, 'tis said, have no horrour amongst them, to eat the flesh of one ano∣ther.

Jagel, one of the Heads of Dwina. See Dwina.

Jagntevo, a City of Servia, built on a Plain a∣mongst the Hills; not above half a Days Journey from Monte-Novo, another City of the same Province. It is pretty considerable, and has some Christians resi∣ding in it, though under the Dominion of the Turks.

Jaitza, or Jaicz, Jaitia, Gaitia, Jaycza, a City of Bosnia, towards the Confines of Croatia, upon the River Plena; defended by a strong Castle, which is in the Hands of the Turks, as Calchondylas saith. The Kings or Despotes of Bosnia did heretofore reside here.

Jakotyn, a small Town in the Ʋkrain, in the Pa∣latinate of Kiovia, beyond the Nieper, which has a strong Castle. It stands upon the River Supoi, eleven Miles from Kiovia to the East, and about thirteen from the Nieper, into which the Supoi falls, six Miles above Czyrkassy. This Town belongs to the Musco∣vites now.

Jala, a Kingdom in the Eastern part of the Island of Ceylan in the East-Indies, with a City of the same Name; little inhabited, by reason the Air is very con∣tagious.

Jalea, Elis, a City in the Morea.

Jalina, Acherusia, a Lake in Epirus.

Jalines, Macaria, a Town in Cyprus, towards its North End.

Ialofes, the People of the Kingdom of Senega, in Nigritia, in Africa, lying betwixt those two bran∣ches of the Niger, the Rivers Senega and Gambay. Their Emperour is called the Grand Jalof, and takes the Style of the Soveraign of thirteen or fourteen King∣doms. The Capital, where he keeps his Court, is Tu∣bacatum: There are no Towns or Cities walled in all this Empire; Tobacco, Hides, Ivory, Gum-arabick, Ambergrease, Wax, Dates, and Maze, are its princi∣pal Commodities. See Senega.

La Ielle, Gala, a small River of France, which falls into the Guaronne.

Iamagorod, Jama, a strong Castle anciently be∣longing to the Russ, and accounted the Key of that Kingdom; but in 1617, resigned to the Swedes. It is seated on a River called Iamische Reck; three German Miles from Narva, in Livonia. See Nar∣va.

Iamaica, a very great Island in North America, first discovered by Columbus, and called thus in Honor of S. James. It was found out by him in his second Voyage to America, whilst he sailed about Cuba. In his third Voyage he suffered Shipwrack upon it; and the Spaniards ungratefully designed to have suffered him to perish, out of pure envy; but he found the Natives more kind than they. Whereupon he landed, and fell to Plant it; building the Town of Metilla; which they deserted soon after, and built Sevil, ten Leagues more West. In 1509, the Natives rebelled against Didacus, the Son of Columbus, but were sub∣dued. In 1590, the Spaniards built S. Jago, and de∣serted Sevil. In 1638, one Jackson, an English Man, with a Fleet of English Privateers, surprized and plun∣dered S. Jago; then left it to the Spaniards again. The time being come when the Spaniards were to pay for their Ingratitude to Columbus, and their Cru∣elty to the Natives, (some Millions of which they had barbarously murdered;) the English, under Penn and Venables, Landed here, about twenty thousand strong, being mostly necessitous Persons, who had been un∣done by our then Tyrant, and the Times, May 3. 1655. The Spaniards unable to resist so great a force, retired into the Woods, and Fastnesses; ho∣ping to retrieve what they thus left, by a Treaty; but it proved otherwise. For part of the English fell to Plant; the rest to Privateer upon the Spaniards, by which they got Wealth: and the Fame of this so in∣creased, that many going over to them, it became in a few years a very powerful Colony; now able alone to manage a War against all the Forces the Spaniards have in the West-Indies. This Island is situate be∣tween seventeen and eighteen degrees of North Lat. within the Tropicks, in the Mare del Nort; one hun∣dred and forty Leagues North of the Main Continent of America, fifteen South from Cuba, twenty West from Hispaniola, and one hundred and forty from Carthagena Nova. It is of an Oval Form; one hun∣dred and seventy Miles long; seventy in breadth; and contains four or five Millions of Acres; Nine hun∣dred thousand of which were Planted in 1675. In the middle there is a lofty Chain of Mountains, which run the whole length of the Isle, from East to West; from which spring plenty of pleasant and useful Ri∣vers, to the great refreshment and convenience of the Inhabitants. It has a very rich fat Soil, black and mixed with Clay, except in the South-West Parts, where it is generally a more loose Earth: it every where answers the Planter's Care and Cost. The Air is always serene and clear; the Earth in her Summer Livery; here being a perpetual Spring. It has fre∣quent Showers of Rain, constant cooling Breezes of Wind from the East: the Dews in the Night quicken the Growth of what is Planted: so that it is the most delightful, temperate, healthful, pleasant Island of all those in the West-Indies: and will be extremely con∣siderable, when it comes to be thorowly Peopled. The principal Towns in it are Port Royal, (built by the English) S. Jago, and Sevilla. The Earl of Inche∣quin, and the Duke of Albemarle, two late Gover∣nours, both of them here died.

Iamaistero, or Jamaisoit, a very large County in the West Part of the Island of Nivon, or Niphonia, belonging to Japan; under which are ordinarily com∣puted twelve Provinces, or Kingdoms.

Iamama, a City of Arabia Foelix, upon the Ri∣ver Astan; which falls into the Mouth of the Euphra∣tes and Tigris, about thirty German Miles South of Balsera. Jamama stands towards the Borders of Ara∣bia deserta; two hundred and fifty Miles from the Persian Gulph to the West, and seventy German Miles from Balsera to the South-West. Long. 77. 30. Lat. 27. 00.

Iamba, a Province under the Great Mogul, to∣wards the River Ganges; between Patna to the East, Naugracut to the North, Lahor to the West, and Ba∣kar to the South; the City of Jamba, from which it takes its Name, stands eighty Miles from Ganges to the East, towards Lahor.

Iamby, or Jambis, a Sea-Port Town, and a King∣dom of no great extent, in the Island of Sumatra, towards the Eastern Part of it. The Town stands to∣wards Palimban, within five or six Miles of the Sea, driving a notable Commerce.

Iambol, Joannipolis, a City in Bulgaria.

Iamboli, Chalcis, Chalcidica Regio, a Province in the North of Macedonia; between Thessalonica, the Arm of the Sea which runs up to it, the Archipe∣lago, and Thrace. The chief Towns of which are, Thessalonica, Amphipolis, and Contessa.

Iames Bay, a Bay in Virginia.

Iames Town, Jacobipolis, the principal City or Town in Virginia, upon the River Pawhatan, near its fall into the North Sea: begun by the English about 1607, and honoured with this Name from King James I. § Another in the Country of Letrim, in the Province of Connaught in Ireland; so called from King James I. its Founder, upon the Shannon; well Walled, but almost wholly ruined as to its Buildings, in the Wars against King Charles the First, and Se∣cond.

Iam-suqueam, or Nanquin, a River of China.

Iametz, a strong place in Lorain, yielded to the French King in 1632. It stands upon a little River in the Confines of the Province of Luxemburgh; be∣tween Monmedy to the North, and Damvillers to the South; thirteen Miles from Metz to the West: now dismantled.

Iancoma, a Kingdom in the East-Indies, beyond the Ganges, under the King of Pegu: it stands be∣tween the Rivers Mecon to the East, and Menan to the West.

Ianeiro, or Rio de Janaira, a River, the same with Ganabara in Brasil; see Ganabara. It gives its Name to a Province, under the Portuguese, in that Country, whereof S. Sebastian is the Capital.

Ianiculus mons, a Hill or Mountain beyond the Tiber, in the vicinage of Rome, yielding by its emi∣nence an excellent prospect of that City; and famous in History for the Sepulchre of King Numa Pompilius, the encampment of Porsenna King of Etruria upon it, whil'st he besieg'd Rome; and for the Martyrdom of S. Peter. Now call'd Montorio, because its earth is of the colour of Gold.

Ianna, a part of Greece; some say Epirus, others Thessalia.

Ianinnina, Cassiope, a City of Epirus.

Iannizari, Promontorium Sigeium, a Cape at the entrance of the Streights of Gallipoli, or the Helles∣pont,

in Asia, within half a League whereof the Rivers Scamander and Simois in an United Stream discharge themselves into the Ocean. The Greeks wholly inhabit a plentiful Village upon it, call'd by them, Troyasis or Little Troy; but by the Turks, Giaour-kioy, or the Vil∣lage of Infidels; this being the best Name the Turks give to Christian places, where there are no Mosques. The delightful Country of Troas is mostly discovered from this Cape; and the Island of Tenedos, in the Aegoan Sea, stands at the distance of a League from it.

Ianowitz, a small Town in Bohemia; where the Swedes in 1645, gained a great Victory over the Im∣perialists: six German Miles from Prague to the North-West, towards the Confines of Moravia.

Iaocheu, a great City in the Province of Kiangsi in China, with a Territory of the same Name whereof it is the Capital, extending its jurisdiction over six other great Towns; and particularly remark'd for good Porcelain Ware.

Iantra. See Ischar.

Iapan, Japonia, a vast Country in the Eastern Ocean, called by the Inhabitants Niphon; by the Chi∣nians, Gepuen, that is, the East; and from thence by the Europeans Japan. On the West it is bounded by the Sea of China, (which divides it from China,) and the Island or Promontory of Corea. It is supposed to be an Island, one hundred and fifty German Miles in length; seventy in breadth: The Inhabitants are all under one Prince, Heathens, and sworn Enemies of Christianity: which begun to take rooting amongst them by the Preaching of the Portuguese; but was extirpated by Fire, Sword, and the bloodiest Perse∣cution that ever was practised amongst Men. The Dutch, (who Trade here) are secured with the ut∣most Caution, that they may not surprize any part of the Shoar, or build any Fort, or do any other Act whereby they may settle themselves: nor will they permit them to see more of the Country than one small Peninsula; or of the Inhabitants, than those they Trade with; and for a long time they would not permit them to Land, Buy, or Sell, till they had re∣nounced their Christianity. This Island lies sixty Leagues from Cantan, a Province of China to the East; and about three hundred from New Spain, in America: mountainous, and generally barren; but it maintains a vast number of Cattle; yet the Inhabi∣tants do not know how to make either Butter or Cheese. This Island, totally unknown to the An∣cients, was first discovered by Antonio Mota, a Por∣tuguese, in 1542. The Jesuits in 1556, sent S. Francis Xavier to Preach here, who is called therefore the Apostle of Japan: at first they had great success, in∣somuch that in the Year 1587, they pretended to have gained two hundred thousand Converts. But this lasted not long; for about the Year 1622, there began so dreadful a Persecution, as is no where to be met with; and these new Converts having never been well groun∣ded in their new Religion, Apostatized so fast, that in seven years there were very few Christians to be found, and perhaps at this time, none. This Coun∣try lies in 35 degrees of Lat. In Long. betwixt 171. and 188. The air very healthful and generally cold. The Earth affords Gold, Silver, and Pearl; watered by divers Rivers, and Lakes, with good Ports. Some describe it to be a Mass of many Islands, going alto∣gether under the Name of Japan; and that the three most considerable, are Niphonia, Ximo, and Nicoco. The Japonese are jealous, fierce, pompous in their habits and language, sincere in Commerce, and inge∣nious imitators of the Characters and Hyeroglyphicks of the Chinese, from whom they descend. The prin∣cipal City is Meaco, tho the Emperor of late has resi∣ded at Jendo.

Iapara, a Kingdom in the North of the Island of Java, in the East-Indies, with a City of the same Name, which has a good Port.

Iappenaw, Japodes, a small District in Carniola, under the Emperor.

Iaracazes, Canea, two Rocks at the entrance of the Euxme Sea, in the Propontis.

Iaretta, Terias, Simethus, the greatest River in the Island of Sicily; it falls into the Sea, three Miles from Catania to the South West.

Iarnac, Jarnacum, a small Town in Angoulmois, upon the River Charente, dignified with the Title of an Earldom: between Angoulesme to the East, and Saintes to the West, eight Miles from either; memo∣rable for a Battel here fought in the Year 1569, be∣twixt the Roman Catholicks and Huguenots; in which the old Prince of Condy, who commanded the latter, was slain, by one Montesque (a Captain under the Duke of Anjou, afterwards K Henry III. the head of the Catholicks) tho he offered one hundred thousand Crowns for his Ransom; and the Hugenots defeated, after a bloody Fight of ten hours continuance.

Iaromitz, a small Town in Bohemia, upon the Elbe, twelve Miles from Prague to the East.

Iaroslaw, a pleasant Town in Red Russia, be∣longing to the Poles, upon the River Sane, with a Castle; forty five Polish Miles from Warsaw to the South, thirty five from Cassovia to the North-East, and twenty from Lemburg to the North-West: near this place the Swedes gave the Poles a fatal overthrow, in 1656. In 1625. it suffered much by Fire.

Iaroslaw, a great City in Muscovy, which is the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name, and has in it a Timber Castle; it is seated upon the Wolga, thir∣ty German Miles South of Wolgda, thirty seven North of Moscho. The Dukedom of Jaroslaw is very great; and lies between that of Wologda to the North, Rostow to the South, and the River Wolga to the East. Go∣verned by a Prince of its own, till John Basilovits, Duke of Russia, Conquered it, and annexed it to his own Dominions. Since that, it has been given to the eldest Son of the Duke of Muscovy, as his Title and Residence.

Iarrow, a Town in the Bishoprick of Durham, in Chester Ward; deserving a remark, for being the Birth place of the Venerable Bede.

Iarsey, Caesarea, an Island on the Coast of Nor∣mandy, and part of the Dukedom of Normandy; but now annexed to the County of Southampton. This, and Guernsey, being all that is left to the Kings of England, of their great Dominions in France: from the Shoars of which it lies about five Miles to the West, and thirty from those of England to the South. The Inhabitants speak a Norman kind of French. There are in it twelve Parishes; and two Gastles, Montor∣gueil, and Elizabeth. This Island was one of the last that yielded to the prevailing Rebels, not without force, in October 1651. after the Kings return to France from the Battel of Worcester. The same Prince in 1663. sent them a Silver Mace to be born before their Chief Magistrate, as a remembrance of this their fidelity to him in his greatest distress.

Iasque, a Principality of the Kingdom of Persia, upon the Borders of the Province of Kherman, ex∣tended along the Sea Coast from thence betwixt the Cape Jasque and Cape Guadel (which two are the most Southern points of Persia) and possessed by three pet∣ty Princes, of whom the chief takes the Style of the Prince of Jasque. This Prince after the Conquest of Ormus by Cha-Abas I. K. of Persia paid a yearly tribute to that Crown: which being remitted in the Reign of Cha-Sephi, his Successor Cha-Abas II. endeavoured by War to compel the Prince of Jasque again to pay the same, but in his attempts was beaten.

Jassy, or Yassi, Jassium, a City of Walachia, cal∣led by the French Jas, upon the River Pruth; thir∣ty Miles from the Confines of the Kingdom of Poland to the South, fifty from Soczow to the East, and a hundred and twenty from Caminieck to the North-East. It is not improbable, this is the Augusta Da∣c••••: but the later Geographers are very much mista∣ken in placing it in Moldavia, when it belongs to Walachia. The Vaivode, or Prince of these Coun∣tries, for the most part resides here; having suffer∣ed much from the Cossacks of later times, the Turks maintained a strong Garrison in it. The present King of Poland in 1686. marching this way against the Turks and Tartars, possessed himself of it, lea∣ving a Garrison: but before his return, there happen∣ed so great a Fire, that when he came, he was forced to withdraw his Forces, and leave it to the Walachi∣ans to be repaired.

Jati, Bathis, a River on the West of Sicily, which falls into the Bay or Gulph of Amar on the North side, twenty five Miles South of Palermo.

Java, a great Island in the East-Indian Sea, two hundred Leagues in length, and near fifty in breadth. On the West it has Sumatra; on the East, some other small Isles; on the South the vast Ocean plays full upon it; and on the North it has the Island of Borneo, at the distance of forty five German Miles. It is divided into nine Kingdoms; the greatest of which is the Kingdom of Bantam, and next the King∣dom of Materan. The whole Island produceth great quantities of Spice, and is on that account much fre∣quented by the English and Dutch. The Dutch had heretofore the Fort or City of Batavia in this Island: not contented with this, about 1684. joining with a Son of the King of Bantam, (then in Rebellion against his Father) upon pretence of assisting him, they sei∣zed the City of Bantam, took Possession of the Eng∣lish Factory, and all the Goods belonging to the English, and kept the old King a Prisoner in the Ca∣stle of Bantam. But finding there were several At∣tempts to restore him to his former Possession, in 1686. the young King (by the Advice of the Dutch) removed his Captive Father to Batavia. See Batavia. The principal Cities of this Island are, Balambuan, Bantam, Batavia or Jacatra, Japara, Jortan, Ma∣teran, (once the Capital of the whole) Panarucan Passarvan, Saraboy, and Tuban. The Southern parts were never yet much sought into, and so not much known. It lies between 130 and 140 Long and 5 and 10 of Southern Lat. § There is another Island near this, called the Lesser Java.

Jaur, Jauriu, a small River in Languedoc; which riseth near S. Ponthois, and falls into the Orba, near the Castle of Pujols.

Javarin, [Jaurinum.] See Gewer, and Raab.

Jawer, Jauria, a City of Silesia in Bohemia; small, but indifferently populous, and the Capital of a Duke∣dom; and has also an ancient Castle: it lies not two Miles from Lignitz to the South, and about nine from Breslaw to the West. The Dukedom of Jawer lies between Lusatia to the West, Bohema (properly so called) to the South, the Dukedom of Lignitz to the North, and that of Swyednitz to the East.

Jayck, Rhymnus, a River of the Asian Tartary, which falls into the Caspian Sea, between the Rha and Jaxartes: Olearius placeth it in the middle of the North end of that Sea.

Jaziges, by Ovid styled Jaziges acres, and by the Writers of the middle Ages Jaziges Metanastes, were an antient People of Sarmatia Europaea; who being almost entirely exterminated thence by Boles∣laüs the Chast, King of Poland, and Lescus, in the years 1264▪ and 1282. retired in great numbers into the Ʋpper Hungary.

Jazzo, See Laiazzo.

Jberia, an antient Name of the Kingdom of Spain in Pliny and Strabo, taken from the River Iberus (Ebro.) § Likewise of a part of Georgia in Asia, now called Gagheti. See Georgia.

Jcaria, a Mountain of Attica in Greece, in the an∣tient Tribe of Aegeus.

Jda, a Mountain of Troas in Asia Minor, at the foot of which stood the famous City Troy. Athenae∣us says, nine Rivers derived their Springs from it. Therefore Horace stiles it, Ida undosa. And Diodo∣rus makes it to be the highest in the Neighbourhood of the Hellespont. Hence the Idaeus sinus took its Name, which was otherwise called Andramyttenus sinus and now le Golfe Andramytti. § A Mountain also of the Island of Candia, environed with Forests, and inhabited heretofore by the People, Dactyli Idaei.

Jdanhas, Igaeaita, a ruined City in Portugal.

Jddle or Iddel, a River in the County of Not∣tingham, upon which Redford is situated, emptying it self Northward into the River Dun.

Idafa, a Branch of Mount Imaus.

Jdria, a Town in the County of Goritia; incom∣passed with Hills on all sides; and seated upon a Ri∣ver of the same name. Remarkable for the Quick-Silver Mines in it. See Dr. Brown's Travels, p. 82, 83. It stands ten Miles from Goritia to the North-West.

Jducal, Atlas Major, a vast Mountain on the South of Barbary in Africa.

Jdumaea, Edom, the Country of the Edomites, mentioned frequently in Scripture, was a Kingdom of the antient Canaan, betwixt Judaea properly so called, the Stony Arabia, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its principal Cities, Dinhabah, Avith, Pai, Re∣hoboth. 1 Chron. 1. 43. &c. where see the list of the Kings and Dukes of Edom, before the time of the beginning of the Israelitish Monarchy. David after∣wards conquered and garrisoned it, 2 Sam. 8. 14. But in the Reign of Jehoram King of Judah, the Edomites revolted, and made themselves a King, 2 Chron. 21. 8. 10. and joyned with the Chaldaeans under Nebu∣chadonezar in the Siege of Jerusalem. Hyrcanus in the Ages following made War against them so effe∣ctually, that he caused them to turn Jews. They were of the Descendants of Esau.

Jefferkin, Capernaum, a City in Palestine.

Jehan-Abad. See Delly.

Jempterlandt, Jemptia, a Province in the King∣dom of Sweden; which has Angerman to the East, Middlepad to the South, Helsing to the West, and Norway to the North. It belonged to the King of Denmark till 1645, and then by the Treaty of Broms∣broo, was resigned to the Swedes. There are three Castles, but never a City in it.

Jena, a small City in Hassia in Germany, upon the River Saal, over which it has a Bridge, under the Duke of Saxon Weimar; two German Miles from Weimar to the East, nine from Leipsick to the North-East, and three from Naumburg to the South. It has a small University opened here in 1555, by the Dukes of Saxony, and a Monastery of the Dominicans foun∣ded in 1286. The Valley about it yields plenty of Wine.

Jende, or Pajende, Jendus, a Lake in the Province of Tavasthia, in Finland.

Jendo, Jedo or Yendo, the capital City of the Em∣pire of Japan, in the Island of Niphonia, at which the Emperor, since his leaving Meaco, keeps his Court. A vast and magnificent City, upon the Banks of the River Tonkaw or Toukon, and near a great Gulph yielding variety of Fish. The Palace Royal is a work of state: the Temples and the Palaces of the Nobility attract the admiration of Strangers. There is one Street in it almost four Leagues in length. In 1658.

it suffered by fire to the value, they say, of forty eight millions of Gold.

Jengan, a City in Xensy, a Province of the King∣dom of China. It stands in a Mountainous Coun∣try near the Lake of Lieu, and has eighteen smaller Cities depending on it.

Jeniscey, Jeniscea, a River in the North of Mus∣covy, which runs more East than that of Obb, and said to be greater: on the East it has a Chain of vast high Mountains, (some of them burn like Aetna;) on the West a fruitful Plain or Level, which it over∣flows every Spring for seven German Miles together, as the Nile does Egypt. This River having watered the Tingoesians and Samoieds, falls into the Sea of Zemla, or Weigats Streight.

Jeniza, or Jenizza, a small City in Macedonia, built by the Turks out of the Ruins of P••lla, the Birth∣place of Alexander the Great: it stands upon the Bay of Thessalonica, between the Outlets of Beuoda and Castora, (two Rivers,) twenty eight Miles from Aedessa to the East, and the same from Thessalonica to the South▪ The Inhabitants finding here great Ruins, and much Marble, believe it to have been the Palace of Philip King of Macedon.

Jenkoping, Jencoping, or Jonekoping, Jonekopia, a small City in Smalland, a Province of the Kingdom of Sweden; it lies between the Lake of Wether to the West, and the Baltick Sea to the East; sixteen Miles from the latter: built all of Wood.

Jenupar, a City and Kingdom under the Great Mogul, which is a part of the Hither India, on this side the Ganges: seated upon the River Coul; a hun∣dred and thirty Miles from Delly to the South, and Lahor to the North.

Jepes, a Town in the Territory of Toledo in Spain.

Jerby, a Market Town in the County of Cumber∣land, in the Division of Allerdale.

Jere, Eara, a River near Calais in France.

Jerne, Jerna, a River in Gallicia.

Jero, Giaros, a small Island, or rather Rock, in the Archipelago. See Joura.

Jerico, Hierico, a celebrated City in Palestine; built by the Jebusites, whilst the Children of Israel were in Bondage in the Land of Egypt, with Walls and other Defences to a wonder; all which fell down before the Ark of God, as is recorded in Joshua 6. After this it lay desolate 531 years; and was rebuilt in the Reign of Ahab King of Israel, by Hiel the Bethelite, with the loss of his Eldest and Youngest Sons, according to the Prediction of Joshua, in the year of the World 3117. It stood not above 335 years, before it was ruined by the Chaldeans under Nebuchadnezzar. After the Captivity it recovered again. Herod the Great made it his residence for some time, it having a noble Palace, an Hippodrome, an Amphitheatre, and other stately Buildings. Our Saviour honored it with his Presence and Miracles. About the year of Christ 68. it was taken by the Ro∣mans under Vespasian and Titus. It became after this a Bishops See, and was in some esteem till it fell to the Saracens. In the times of the Holy War, it was again in the hands of Christians, and of great fame; but falling the second time to the Saracens, they entirely ruined i••: so that it is now only inhabited by the Arabians, who have here thirty or forty Brick Houses, as M. Thevenot assures us. It is seated in a pleasant and fruitful Plain; twelve Miles West from Jordan, and the same from Jerusalem to the North-East. The Arabians at this day call it Rih••ha. Mr. Fuller, in his Pisgah Sight, is of opinion, it was well inhabited between the days of Joshua and Ahab, though not walled: he makes the City of Palm▪ Trees where Ehud stabbed Eglon King of Moab, to have been Jerico. The Plain it stands in abounds in Palm-Trees, and is about nine Leagues long, and five broad.

Jeroslaw. See Jaroslaw.

Jersey. See Jarsey.

Ierusalem, Hierosolyma, the capital City of Pa∣lestine, and for a long time of the whole Earth; ta∣ken notice of by Pliny, Strabo, and many of the An∣cients. Called, when the Children of Israel entered Canaan, Jebus; and by that name assigned to the Tribe of Benjamin by Joshua. It was in the hands of the Jebusites till the Reign of David, who took it from them, Anno Mun. 2898, and gave it the name of the City of David. Absolom his Son dispossess'd him again for some time, in 2920. Solomon his Son consecrated here the noblest Temple the Sun ever saw, in 2939. Sheshack, King of Egypt, came up against Rehoboam Son of Solomon, and took and plundered Jerusalem in 2973. In 3117. it was taken by Joas, one of the Kings of Israel, and plundered the second time. Again taken by Pharaoh Necho King of Egypt, in 3339. By Nebuchadnezzar the first time in 3350. The second time in 3360. when the Temple was burnt, and the City totally razed, and destroyed. It lay desolate thus, till the first year of Cyrus; when the Jews returned and began to re∣build it in 3420. About 3500. Nehemiah finished this Work. In 3619. Alexander the Great came up against Jerusalem; and it was delivered to him with∣out resistance, by Jaddus the High Priest. In 3629. Ptolemaeus Lagus took Jerusalem by surprize, and carried many of the Jews into Egypt. In 3780. An∣tiochus, King of Syria, took Jerusalem; slew vast numbers of the Inhabitants, prophaned the Temple; and endeavoured to extirpate the Jewish Religion by a Persecution. In 3805. the Jews, under Jonathan, totally expelled the Syrians; and regained the intire Possession of Jerusalem. In 3880. Pompey the Great entered Jerusalem, saw the Temple, and made Jeru∣salem Tributary. In 3896. Crassus entred and plun∣dred the Temple, contrary to his Faith given. In 3909. Pacorus King of Parthia took and plundered Jerusalem. The next year, Herod began his Reign over the Jews, by the appointment of Antonius: in the latter end of his Reign, and in 3950. our Saviour was born: in 3983. he suffered Death for us, being thirty three years old. In the year of our Lord 69. Titus, after a dreadful Siege, put an end to the Jew∣ish Government; destroyed Jerusalem and the Tem∣ple; which lay desolate till 132. when Adrian rebuilt it, and called it Aelia Capitolina; permitting the Christians to live here, and prohibiting the Jews. In this interval, the Bishop of Caesarea got the Superio∣rity over the Bishop of Jerusalem. In 361. Julian the Apostate, to contradict our Saviour's Prophecy, sent the Jews to repair the Temple of Jerusalem; wherein they and he were disappointed by miraculous Earthquakes, Tempests, and Balls of Fire issuing out of the Foundation. In 636. Omar the Saracen took it after a Siege of two years. In 1099. the Christian Armies under Godfrey retook it from the Saracens, when it had been four hundred sixty three years in their hands. In 1187. Saladine the Saracen recover∣ed it out of the hands of the Christians. In 1228. Frederick the Emperor recovered Jerusalem by a Treaty, without blows; and was crowned at Jerusa∣lem▪ But in 1234 the Templars having perfidiously broken the Peace, the Saracens retook and defaced it, abusing the Sepulchre, which till then had been re∣verenced by all Men but Jews. Ever since this, it has been in the Possession of the Mahometans, as they at times prevailed one upon another. It continu∣ed under the Sultans of Egypt till 1517, when Selim Emperor of the Turks, took it from them; and un∣der

this Family it is at this day; called by the Turks Elkods; that is, the Holy City. It is at this day the principal Place in Palestine; seated (saith Mr. Sandys) on a rocky Mountain, every way to be ascended (ex∣cept a little on the North) with steep Descents, and deep Valleys about it, which do naturally fortifie it: for the most part it is environed with other (not far removed) Mountains, as if placed in the midst of an Amphitheatre. On the East is Mount Olivet, separa∣ted from the City by the Valley of Jehosaphat, which also circleth a part of the North, and affords a passage to the Brook of Kedron: on the South is the Moun∣tain of Scandal, with the Valley of Gehinnon: on the West formerly it was fenced with the Valley and Mountain of Gthon. Mount Sion lay within the City, which stood upon the South side of it: on the East side of this Mountain stood the famous Temple; and between the City and the Temple, the King's Palace. Mount Calvary (which formerly lay without the Ci∣ty to the North-West,) is now well nigh the heart of it; the visiting the Holy Sepulchre being the almost only reason why Jerusalem at this day has any being. The Inhabitants of it are not many; for the most part Monks, and Religious Persons of all Nations; miserably oppressed by the Turks, who seek all op∣portunities to impoverish and injure them. This City stands forty Miles from Joppe, and the Mediterra∣nean Sea; a hundred and sixty from Damascus to the South, three hundred from Grand Cairo to the North-East, and four hundred from Alexandria; commonly believed to have been built by Melchise∣dech, and called Salem from him. It had divers Names of old, expressed in this Distich;

Solyma, Lusa, Bethel, Hierosolyma, Jebus, Elia, Ʋrbs sacra, Jerusalem, dicitur, atque Salem.

For above eleven hundred years together, this City was the Queen of the East. None ever so sacred, yet none ever hath suffered greater Profanations than it. The Emperor Titus erected a Temple here to Jupiter Capitolinus; and Adrian in derision both of Judaism and Christianity, engraved a Swine upon the Gate of Bethlehem; dedicated a Chappel to Venus upon Mount Calvary, another to Jupiter in the place of our Saviour's Sepulchre, and a third to Adonis in Bethlehem: all which continued till the Reign of Constantine the Great. See Bethlehem and Calvary. The Church of Jerusalem is the Mother of Christen∣dom; sanctified by the Death of Christ, the Descent of the Holy Spirit, the Preachings of the Apostles, a General Council of the Apostles in the year 49 or 50, and the Martyrdom of S. James its first Bishop. The Council of Nice allowed this Church the style and dig∣nity of a Patriarchate, tho at the same time subjecting it in point of Jurisdiction to the Bishops of Caesarea. But in 553. in the fifth General Council, or the second of Constantinople, that Subjection was reversed; and not only the See of Caesarea, but Scythopolis and Be∣rytus, were made subject to this Church. After Chri∣stianity received its Restauration by the Arms of God∣frey of Bouillon, Jerusalem bore the Title of a King∣dom; which continued from the year 1099 to 1187. in the Persons of about eight Christian Kings from the said Godfrey, with possession of the Lands and Rights of a Crown. But Frederick II. and others after, who enjoy'd the Title of Kings of Jerusalem possessed no Land in Palestine. It lies in Long. 69. 30. Lat. 31. 20. according to Mr. Fuller. Others say Long. 69. 00 Lat. 32. 44.

Ieselbas, Margiana, a part of the Province of Chorasan, in the Kingdom of Persia.

Iesi, Aesium, a City in the Marchia Anconitana, in the Dominions of the Church; which is a Bishops See, immediately under the Pope: it is but small; and stands upon an Hill, by the River Jesi; six Miles from the Confines of the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, twen∣ty three from Ancona to the West.

Iesselmeer, or Gislemere, a City and Kingdom under the Great Mogul, lying North of the Kingdom of Guzarat, on this side the Ganges: the City is great; a hundred and twenty Miles from the River Indus to the East, and the same from Guzarat to the North. The Kingdom lies amongst the Mountains.

Terra de Iesso, or Yezo, Essonis Terra, a large Country towards China and Japan; discovered by the Hollanders in 1643. It is joyned by some to the North parts of Japan; by others, separated from it by a Streight of fifteen Miles broad. All agree it is of a great extent from East to West. The chiefest City is Matzumay, which is the Capital of a Province of the same name; but no European having yet set∣led here, it is very little known. The later Voyagers have discovered a Streight betwixt Tartary and this Country, which they call the Streights of Jesso.

Iesual, another Kingdom belonging to the Great Mogul in the East-Indies, betwixt the Kingdom of Patna with the River Ganges to the West, and that of Ʋdessa with the Mountains to the East. The chief City is Rajapour.

Iesupol, a very strong Town and Castle in Po∣dolia in Poland; on the Confines of Pocuock, upon the River Bistris.

Ieter, Jatrus, a River of Mysia, in the Lesser Asia.

Ietsegen, and Iesten, or Jetsengo, two considera∣ble Territories or Provinces in Japan, in the Island of Niphon, subdivided into divers other Provinces. Jetsegen has the Region of Quanto to the East, and Jetson to the West. The latter is bounded by Ja∣maisoit to the West.

Iex, and Jexdi, Hecatompylos, a City of Persia.

If, Hypaea, one of the Hyeres.

Iglaw, Iglova, Iglavia, Giblova, a City of the Kingdom of Bohemia, but in Moravia, upon the River Iglaw, on the Confines of Bohemia; twenty four German Miles from Prague, and ten from Lentz. This City is reasonably well peopled.

Igliaco, Peneius, a River on the West of the Morea.

Ihor, a City and Kingdom at the most Southern Point of the Promontory of Malacca, in the East-Indies, over against the Isle of Sumatra; distant lit∣tle more than one degree and a half from the Line, in Long 129. 31. The King is a potent Prince in these parts. The City Ihor is situated upon a River, which falls into the Ocean near the Promontory of Sincapura, where it has a good Port.

Iksworth, or Ickworth, a Market Town in the County of Suffolk, in the Hundred of Thingo; re∣taining in its Name, says Mr. Cambden, the memory of the antient Iceni, who dwelt in a part of this County. The remains of a Priory, founded by Gil∣bert Blunt (sometime Lord of the Town), and of a Guildhall, are yet extant. A Pot of Roman Coyns, bearing the Inscriptions of divers Roman Em∣perors, was digged up here not many years since.

Ila, Yla, Epidia, one of the Western Isles of Scotland, over against Cantyr, in 56 deg. of Lat. twenty four Miles long, and sixteen broad; plenti∣ful in Wheat, Cattle, and Herds of Deer. The prin∣cipal Towns in it are Kilmany, Dunweg, and Crome; besides which it hath divers Villages.

Ilchester, a Market and Borough Town in Somer∣setshire, in the Hundred of Tintinhull, which returns two Burgesses to the House of Commons. It stands upon the River Ill or Yeovel, having heretofore sixteen Parish-Churches, as a place of great Note, Strength, and Antiquity: now reduced to two. The County-Goal is kept here.

Iler, Hilarus, Ilarus, a River of Schwaben, in Germany, which riseth in Tirol; and running North∣ward, watereth Kempten; then falls into the Danube over against Ʋlm.

Ilerda, Lerida, Athanagia, a fortified and strong City in Catalonia in Spain; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragona: seated upon the River Segre [Sicoris,] three Leagues above its fall into the Ebro, in the Confines of Arragon. This City is mentioned in Livy as taken by Scipio; and rendred famous for an Encounter near it, between a General of Sertoris and Manilius Proconsul of Gallia; where the latter was defeated with the loss of three Legions of Foot, and 1500 Horse.

Ilion. See Troja.

Ilfordcomb, a Market Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Branton.

Ill, Ellus, Hellus, Hellelus, a River of Germany, which ariseth in Suntgow, and passing through Alsa∣tia, watereth Mulhausen, Ensisheim, Colmar, and Strasburg; below which it falls into the Rhine.

Illyricum, Illyris, Illyria. In the antient Geogra∣phy of Europe, this Country lay betwixt Pannonia to the North and the Adriatick Sea to the South; di∣vided into two parts, Liburnia and Dalmatia: where∣of the first was subjected to the Romans a little be∣fore the second Punick War, the other (the Eastern part) not till the Reign of Augustus. It is now nigh wholly comprehended under Dalmatia and Sclavo∣nia, under the respective Dominion either of the Ve∣netians or the Turks, except the Republick of Ragu∣sa and some Places more. The Illyricus Sinus is now call'd the Bay of Drin and the Gulph of Venice.

Ilmen, a considerable Lake in Russia, towards Li∣vonia, on the South of the City Novogorod; which disburthens it self into the Lake of Lagoda, by a Ri∣ver which passeth on the East of that City called the Wolga.

Ilment, Arabius, one of the most considerable Rivers in the Kingdom of Persia: it ariseth from the Mountains of Sibocoran, in the Province of Sigistan; and watering Mut, Gilechi, Racagi, beneath Sistan, it takes in the Sal; beneath Sereng, the Ghir; be∣neath Chicheran, the Ilmentel; and beneath Pasir, falls into the Arabick Ocean, in Long. 106. 30. near Macran to the West.

Iltz, or Izilz, Ilza, a small Town in the Palati∣nate of Sandomir, in the Lesser Poland, with a Ca∣stle, which belongs to the Bishop of Cracow.

Ilmister, a Market Town in Somersetshire, in the Hundred of Abdick.

Imaus, is one of the greatest Mountains, in the Greater Asia: it begins at Mount Taurus, near the Caspian Sea; and running Southward through the whole Continent of Asia, it divides the Asian Tar∣tary into two parts and ends, at the rise of the River Ganges; where it again spreads it self East and West; and becomes a Northern Boundary to the Empire of the Great Mogul, (or Indostan;) having performed a Course of 450 German Miles, and taking various names from the Nations it passeth, as Althai, Bel∣gan, Dalanguer, &c.

Imiretta, or Imaretza, a Kingdom in Gurgistan in Asia, stiled by the Turks Pacha Koutchouc, or a Little Principality, is inclosed betwixt the Mountain Caucasus, Mengrelia, the Black Sea, Guriel, and Georgia properly so called. About 120 Miles in length, in breadth 60. Wooddy and mountainous; yet not without its agreeable Valleys and Plains, Mines of Iron, and the Necessaries of Life. Under a Prince of its own, to whom heretofore Mengrelia and Gu∣riel, after their shaking off of the Yoke of the Em∣perors of Constantinople and Trebizond, own'd Sub∣jection: but now together with them, tributary to the Turk, who obliges the King of Imireta every year to send him eighty Children, as a Tribute. There are three Fortresses in this Kingdom; Scander towards the South, and Regia and Scorgia towards the North, near the River Phasis; besides scattered Villages. Its most valuable Commodities are Wine and Swine, which makes it difficult here to observe the Laws of Mahometanism. The Kings pretend to be descended of the race of King David.

Imzagor, Claudius, a Mountain in Stiria.

Immirenieni, an antient People towards the South of the Kingdom of Persia: of which History relates, that they embraced Christianity in the Reign of the Emperor Anastasius, about the year 500; and at their request had a Bishop sent amongst them.

Imola, Cornelia, Forum Cornelii, Imola, a City in the Dominions of the Church, in Romandiola, upon the River Santerno. This is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ravenna; of which Alexander▪ VII. was Bishop, when in 1655▪ he was chosen Pope. It is a fine and a populous City; twenty Miles from Bononia to the East, and twenty five from Ra∣venna. Narses is said to have ruined, and the Lom∣bards to have repair'd it. Caesar Borgia made him∣self Master of it in the Pontificate of Alexander the Sixth; from which time it became subject to the Church.

Imperiati, a small City in the Kingdom of Chili in America, near a River of the same Name, four Leagues from the South Sea; said to be an Episcopal See, under the Spaniards.

Inacho, Apheas, a small River of Epirus; which watereth Larta on the South, and falls into the Bay called the Gulph of Larta.

Index. Vid. Indus.

India, is taken for a considerable part of Asia, com∣monly called the East-Indies, to distinguish it from America, which is called the West-Indies. It is thought to be the Havilah in the Holy Scriptures: by the Natives, Indostan. Bounded on the North with the Asiatick Tartary, the Mountains of Imaus, and Emodus; on the East with the Kingdom of China, on the South with the Indian Ocean, and on the West with the Kingdom of Persia. This Country consists partly in a vastly extended Continent, partly in Islands, some of which are very great. That upon the Conti∣nent, is divided into three Parts. 1. The Empire of the Great Mogul, or North India; which is a part of India intra Gangem & Indum; and more peculiarly called Indosthan; in this there are thirty five Kingdoms. 2. The Peninsula of Malabar. 3. The India extra Gangem. In the India extra Gangem, are four more considerable Kingdoms; Pegu to the West, Ava to the North, Siam to the South, and Cochinchina to the East; each of which contains many particular or lesser Kingdoms in it. The principal of the Islands are Borneo, Ceylan, Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Min∣dano, Luconia, Hainan, Pakan, Gilolo, the Moluc∣caes, and Philippine Isles. Many of these are so great, as to be divided in many Kingdoms: some of them have never been throughly discovered by the Europe∣an Nations. This Country extendeth in length from deg. 106. to 159. of Long. and from deg. 10. of Southern Latitude, to 44. of Northern. It abounds with Gold and Silver Mines, and all other sorts of Metals, but Copper and Lead; with all sorts of Cat∣tel, but Horses; with all sorts of Corn, but Wheat. So that these and Wines are almost the only things they need from other Nations, towards the Convenience, or indeed Luxury of humane Life; for this is the Store-house of Spice and Jewels, to the whole World. Alexander the Great was the first of the Grecians, who Discovered and Conquered a part of this vast Region; which soon after revolted from his Successors. The

Romans never went so far; but were honoured with some Embassies from them, when they had Po∣tent Princes, as Augustus, Antoninus, and Constan∣tine. After-times wrapped them up in the Clouds again. There was a Trade driven by the way of the Red Sea, between the Persian, Turkish, and Indian Merchants for Spice; yet there was little known of of them, till the Portuguese discovered the way by the Cape of Good Hope, in 1499. and the first Voy∣ages were made hither by them in 1500. and 1502. The principal Rivers are Indus and the Ganges. Amongst the ancient Inhabitants, the Brachmanes and Gymnosophistae for Philosophy, the Gangarides for War, were the most considerable. Alexander the Great carried his Victorious Arms hither in the year of Rome 426. and 427. (where he defeated Porus King of India). And before him, some write, Se∣miramis. There is a Tradition, that St. Tho∣mas preached Christianity here, (whence comes the Church of the Christians of St. Thomas); and that his Body, first found at Meliapour, now lyes inter∣red at Goa in a stately Church built for the pur∣pose by the Order of Emanuel King of Portugal. In the third Century, the Philosopher Pantaenus was sent by Demetrius Bishop of Alexandria to preach to the Indians. Aedesius and Frumentius in the Reign of Constantine the Great, two Laicks travel∣ling into India, voluntarily did the same. The lat∣ter of which, was afterwards by Athanasius consecra∣ted Bishop of India. See Brachmanes, Banjans, Gymnosophistae, and Benares.

India extra Gangem, is bounded on the West by the furthest, or most Eastern Branch of the River Ganges; (which is called Antiboli from its spring unto its fall into the Ocean;) on the North, with unknown Countries; on the East with the Kingdom of China, and the Eastern Ocean; and on the South with the same Ocean. In this there are four great Kingdoms, which do not depend on the Great Mo∣gul. See the general Division.

The West-Indies, are all those Countries more commonly called America; and the Indies, only by reason of their Wealth and distance.

Indigetes. Besides the deified Heroes of the An∣cients, understood by this Name, they used it to de∣note the mixt people of Ampurdan, in the Principa∣lity of Catalonia, in Spain. See Ampurdan.

Indostan, or the Empire of the Great Mogul, is bounded on the North by the Asian Tartary, and the Kingdom of Thibet; on the West by the Kingdom of Persia; on the East by the River Cosmin, or Cos∣mite, (by which it is divided from the rest of In∣dia;) on the South with the Bay of Bengala, and the Promontory of Malabar. There are, besides what lies within these bounds, some Kingdoms under this Prince beyond the Ganges towards China: in all he has under him thirty five Kingdoms. His Capital Ci∣ty is Agra. He is of the Race of Tamerlain, the Great Scythian Conquerour; and has been possessed of this Country ever since the year 1473. It is abun∣dantly rich in Gold, Silver, Precious Stones, and Mer∣chandizes. The propriety of almost all the Lands belongs to the Great Mogul: who besides, is heir to the great Lords of his Court and all Officers within his pay.

Indre, Ingeris, Ander, Andri, a River of France, which ariseth in the Province of Berry; and watering la Chaster, Château roux, Loches, and taking in the Cher, falls with it into the Loyre; eight Miles beneath Tours to the West. This River in the Writers of the middle Age is called Anger.

Indus, one of the greatest, first, and best known Rivers of the East-Indies; called by the Natives Sinde. It springeth out of the highest part of Imaus, (by some called Taurus,) in the Kingdom of Cassimer, in the Empire of the Great Mogul, to∣wards the Confines of the Asian Tartary: and tur∣ning Southward, watering many Provinces or Kingdoms, and taking in the Rivers of Behat, Nilab, Ravée, Coule, and many others, it at last falls into the Arabian or Indian Ocean, by four great Mouths, in the Kingdom of Tatta, between the Kingdoms of Guzarat and Persia. The Name of that Mountain, out of which it springeth, is called Peropasin. It re∣ceives between its Head and its Fall one and twenty Rivers. It had of old seven Mouths; three of which are now stopped.

Ingelheim, Ingelenheinum, Ingelhemium, a small Town in the Lower Palatinate, in Germany, two German Miles from Mentz to the West. Charles the Great was born in this place in 732. After this, it was an Imperial and Free-City; but exempted in 1402. by Lewis the Emperour, and now under the Elector Palatine. Near this place S. Lewis, King of France, died in 840. Called Nyder Ingelheim, the Lower or Nether Ingelheim, to distinguish it from another called Over or Ʋpper Ingelheim. In the years 788, 948. and 972. there were great Councils held here.

Ingermanlandt, and Ingrie, Ingria, a Province of Sweden; between Moscovy to the East, Livonia to the West, the Lake of Ladoga, and the Bay of Finland: betwixt which two last, the River Nerva serves as a Canal. Heretofore subject to the Russ, (who call it Isera,) before the Swedes took it from them by Conquest. The chief Town is Notteburgh, upon the Lake.

Ingoldstad, Ingoldstadium, Aureapolis, a City of Germany, in the Dukedom of Bavaria, which has a Bridge over the Danube. It was at first a Village; but exalted to the dignity and magnitude of a City by Lewis of Bavaria, Emperour of Germany. In 1546. the Protestant Arms proved unsuccessful be∣fore it. Gustavus Adolphus, the Victorious King of Sweden, was not able to take it, when he attempted it in 1632. In 1410. here was an University opened, which has obtained many Privileges and good Endow∣ments from Lewis Duke of Bavaria, and Pope Pius II. It is now under the Duke of Bavaria. This City lies three Miles from Newburgh to the East, and seven from Ratisbone to the West. The houses are almost all of Wood.

Inhambane, a Kingdom in the Lower Aethiopia, between Monomotapa to the North, and Caferia to the South. The chief place of which is Tonge.

Inhamior, another small Kingdom in the Lower Aethiopia, towards the River Cuama, and the Con∣fines of Monomotapa.

Inifa, one of the Names of Mount Imaus.

Inneken, Aguntum, a Town in Carinthia.

Innerness, a Town in Scotland.

Ins, Inn, Oenus, Aenus, a River in Germany, which ariseth in Switzerland, from Mount Moloia (one of the Alpes,) from two Springs, on the Bor∣ders of the Valtoline; and flowing through the Earl∣dom of Tyrol by Inspruck (the Capital of it,) Hull, Schwatz, and Kufstain, it entereth the Dukedom of Bavaria; where being augmented by several other Rivers, it falls into the Danube at Passaw, over against Ilstat.

Inspruck, or Insprug, Oenipons, is the Capital City of the County of Tyrol in Germany: little, but neat and populous; built in a fruitful Valley upon the River In, (or Inns,) over which it has a Bridge, and from whence it has its Name; at the foot of the Alpes. It has a neat strong Castle, in which the Dukes of Austria have sometimes resided. Walled by Otho the Great, in 1234. but those Walls are not now

maintained: it is under the Emperour. This City stands twenty Miles from Saltzburgh to the South-West, and eighteen from Trent to the North. Most memorable for the shameful Flight of Charles V. in 1552. when Maurice, (Duke of Saxony,) Albert, (Marquess of Brandenburgh,) and William (Landt∣grave of Hessen,) joining their Forces suddenly, took Auspurg (twenty Miles from hence to the North-West) in four days; thence marching directly for Inspruck, they took in their passage Eresburgh, (which was thought Impregnable;) and put that Prince, with Ferdinando his Brother, (then at In∣spruck,) into such a fright, that they were forced to cross the Alpes in the dead of the night by Torch∣light: many of the Nobility not having so much as an Horse to ride on. The next day these Confederate Princes took the Town, plundered all they found belonging to the Emperour, and Spaniards; but spared the Towns Mens Goods and Houses. This A∣ction put an end to all the Projects of that Prince in Germany; and has established the German Liberty, then in great danger of ruin. In 1689. about Janu∣ary, this City suffered much by the repeated shocks of an Earthquake.

Instad, Oenostadium, a Suburb of the City of Passaw, upon the Eastern Bank of the River Inn, where it falls into the Danube.

Ioannipoli, Jambol, a City of Bulgaria, which is a Bishops See.

Iocelin, Josselinum, a Town in Bretagne in France, upon the River Ouste; which coming from S. Quintin, falls into the River Vilaine, near Redon. It stands sixteen Miles from Rennes to the West, and as many from S. Brieux to the North-West.

Ioden, Judaei, the Jews.

I••gues, Gymnosophistae, a Heathen Sect of Phi∣losophers, of great Antiquity in the East-Indies, still extant.

Ioigny, Joviniacum, a City in France, upon the River Yonne, [Icauna,] in Champagne, in the Terri∣tory of Sens; which is built at the foot of an Hill, and has splendid Castle belonging to it: written by some Iviniacum.

Ioinville, Joanvilla, a small Town in Champagne in France, upon the River Marne [Matrona;] eight Leagues from Chaumont to the North, eighteen from Chalons to the South-East. Ennobled with the Title of a Principality by Henry II. of France, in 1552. in favour of Francis of Lorrain, Duke of Guise.

Iolcos, an ancient Maritime Town in Thessalia, upon the Archipelago, at the foot of the Mountain Pelion, and near the Cities Demetrias and Pagasae. The famous Argonautae were said to embarque here. It has been since called Iaco.

Iona, Ibona Hii, an Island on the West of Scot∣land: famous for the Sepulchres of the old Scotch Kings. The chief Town is Sodore, a Bishops See in time past; who had in his Jurisdiction all these We∣stern Isles, and the Isle of Man. This See was ere∣cted in 840. This is the same with Cholmkil, and lies five Miles from Dunstafag to the North-West.

Ionia, a fruitful Province of the Lesser Asia, be∣twixt Caria and Aetolia, now called by the Turks Quiscon. Famous in ancient times for many consi∣derable Cities, and Noble Temples standing in it: as also for a Sect of Philosophers, called the Ionian Sect, who were of the Disciples of Thales of Miletus. The Sea betwixt Greece and Sicily, towards Macedonia, Epirus, Achaia, and the Peloponnesus, anciently bore the Name of the Ionian Sea: which Name some de∣rive from Javan the Son of Japhet.

Ionne, Joanna, a River, written also Yonne: it ariseth in the Dukedom of Burgundy, from the Mountain called Morvant, near the Castle of Chi∣none; and visiteth the City of Clamesy in Nivergne, and Cretian, where it takes in the Cure; after which, passing on the East of Auxerre, it becomes sufficient for the passage of Boats of some Bulk; and admits the Serine, and Armancione: then passing by Sens, falls into the Seyne at Montreau sur Yonne, seventeen Leagues above Paris.

Ionquera, Juncaria, an old Roman Town men∣tioned by Antoninus and Ptolemy. It is in Catalo∣nia, at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills, near the Pas∣sage called Col de Pertus, in the Confines of Rousil∣lon, and France; three Leagues West from the Me∣diterranean Sea, five from Perpignan to the South, and seven from Girona to the North-East.

Ionquieres, Juncariae, a Town in Provence in France, upon the Mediterranean Sea; five Leagues from Marseille to the West, and fifteen from Avig∣non to the South.

Iortan, Jortanum, a City and Kingdom on the North side of the Island of Java, in the East-Indies. The City has a good frequented Port, betwixt the Streights of Palambuam and Passarvan. Also a River of the same Name.

Ios, an Island of the Aegean Sea, to the North of Candia; one of the ancient Sporades. Famous heretofore for the Tomb of Homer, according to Pliny.

Iotapata, an ancient City of Palestine: besieged, taken, and ruined by the Emperour Vespasian, at the same time that Josephus the Jewish Historian assisted in its defence; who describes the Siege. Ant. Jud. l. 3.

Iouare, or Jouars, Jotrum, an Abbey of the Be∣nedictines, in the Province of Brie in France, in the Diocese of Meaux: where a Council was celebrated in 1130.

Iour, Jura, a Mountain which divides France from Switzerland.

Ioura or Jero, Gyarus, Giaros, Giara, a small and barren Island of the Archipelago, whether the Romans used relegare their Criminals; i. e. in the sense of the Roman Law, in opposition to deportare, to banish them for a determinate or indeterminate time. Juve∣nal understands the same place in his

Aude aliquid brevibus, gyaris, & carcere, &c.

There is nothing at this day to be found upon it, but Fishermens Cabbins.

Iourdain, Jordan, Jordanes, is the greatest River in the Holy Land, or Palestine; and the most cele∣brated in the Holy Scriptures: called at this day by the Inhabitants Scheriah. It ariseth in the Confines of Coelosyria, from two Fountains, (Jor and Dan,) both at the foot of Mount Libanus; four Miles above Caesarea Philippi: and running Southward, it maketh two Lakes; first that of Meroz, then that of Caper∣naum, called also the Sea of Galilee; and having wa∣tered several of the ancient Cities of the Land of Ca∣naan, (none of which are now extant,) it falls into the Dead Sea, or Lake of Sodom. It is the greatest, or rather the only River in all this Country; the rest being mere Brooks rather than Rivers. About half as broad at Jerico, as the River Seine is at Paris; very rapid, and the Water of it thick; because it passeth through fat Lands, and is very full of Fish; beset on both sides with thick and pleasant Woods. This account is given of it by Monsieur Thevenot, who saw it himself. Famous moreover to all po∣sterity, for the Children of Israel's passing it on dry ground at their entrance into Canaan, and the Pro∣phet Elijah's doing the same in company with Elisha: Our Saviour received Baptism here from the hands

of S. John; near to which particular place, the Christians built a Monastery, that is now in ruins. The Pilgrims delight to bathe in this River fancying the Water sanative from the virtue of that Sacred Contact. It overflows in Summer with the melted Snow from Mount Libanus. But in the Winter runs a low Water: and after its Current into the Dead Sea, it is clear without mixture, for above a League together: issuing thence by a subterraneous Channel into the Mediterranean.

Ioyeuse, Gaudiosa, a Town in France, in the Pro∣vince of Vivarais, towards the Borders of Languedoc; honoured by being first a Viscounty, next a Dutchy: and giving Name to a Noble Family.

Ipepa, Hypaepa, a City of Lydia, in the Lesser Asia; between Mount Tmolus, and the River Cay∣stro; not far from Thyatira. It is a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Ephes••s.

Ipre. See Yperen.

Iprichia, the same with Africa.

Ips, Ipsium, and Ibissa, a Town in Austria.

Ipsala, Cypsella, a City in Thrace, by the River Mela: at first a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Trajanopoli, or Zernis; afterwards it became the Metropolis. It lies between this City to the West, twenty nine Miles, and Drusilaba to the North-East twenty six Miles: the River in our latter Maps is cal∣led Larissa; and falls into the Archipelago, over against the Isle of Lembro, just behind that Peninsula which makes the Dardanels straight.

Ipswich, Gippo-vicus, the County Town of Suf∣folk, heretofore called Gippwich: seated on the North side of the River Stour, upon the foot of a steep Hill, in somewhat a low Ground: it has a com∣modious Haven, and was heretofore a place of great Trade, with many wealthy Merchants in it, and a vast number of other people; but now decayed as to both. It was also formerly fortified with Trenches and Rampires; the loss of which, is not to be lamen∣ted; the Town being so seated, that it can never be made a place of Defence, the Hills on all sides (but the South, and South-East,) commanding it. It has fourteen Parish Churches, and a great many goodly Houses, the tokens of its former Wealth. In 991. the Danes sacked it, and nine years after repeated their Cruelty upon it. In the Reign of S. Edward, it had eight hundred Burgesses, who paid Custom to the King. There was also a Castle built here by the Normans, which Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, de∣fended against the Usurper King Stephen; but was forced to surrender at last: the ruins are now lost. Mr. Cambden supposeth it to have been demolished by Henry II. when he did the same by Waleton Castle not far off. Here landed the three thousand Flemings, which the Nobility called in against Hen∣ry II. when his Son rebelled against him. In the late Rebellion, this Town stood clear of all those Ca∣lamities which involved the rest of the Nation. The Bishop of Norwich hath a House here; and the Vis∣count of Hereford another, befitting his degree and quality. The Honourable Henry Fitz-Roy, Duke of Grafton, was created Viscount Ipswich, Aug. 16. 1672. who died of the Wounds that he received in the Service of King William before Cork, Octob. 9. 1690. This Town is also a Corporation, and sends two Bur∣gesses to the Parliament. It has a Free-School, with the convenience of a good Library, and a Ho∣spital. Cardinal Wolsey was born here, and began the building of a stately College, which bears his Name to this day.

Ireland, Hibernia, Ivernia, is a great, fruitful, and noble Island on the West of Great Britain: ac∣counted in ancient time for greatness and glory, the third Island of the World; and called then the Lesser Britain. Orpheus, Aristotle, and Claudian, call it Ierna; Juvenal, Mela, Juverna; Diodorus Sicu∣lus, Iris. Others Jovernia, Overnia, and Burnia. The Natives Erin. The Welsh Yuerdon. The En∣glish Ireland. It is three hundred Miles long, and two hundred broad: on the East it has the tempestu∣ous Irish Sea, between it and Great Britain; on the West the Vergivian Ocean, on the North the Deucalidonian Sea, and on the South the Bri∣tish Ocean. Divided into four Provinces, Lein∣ster, Mounster, Ʋlster, and Connaught, which heretofore sustained the Title of as many King∣doms; comprehending in all thirty Counties, four Archbishopricks, and twelve Bishopricks. The Country is full of Woods, Hills, and Bogs. The Soil, rich and fruitful, especially as to Grass; (Pomponius Mela in the times of the Emperour Claudius, gives the very same character of it;) and therefore it has ever abounded in Cattle, which is its most Staple Com∣modity. The principal Rivers are the Shannon, the Sewer, the Barow, the Black-Water, the Shour, the Neure, the Boyne, the Leffy, &c. The Capital City heretofore Armagh, now Dublin. The Air is at all times temperate; but too moist to be at all times pleasant or wholsome. The Romans in all probabi∣lity never had any footing in this Island. This Na∣tion was converted to Christianity in the fifth Centu∣ry by Palladius, and S. Patrick; especially the lat∣ter: who planted not only Religion, but so much Learning too amongst them, that in the next Age the Monks of Ireland were eminent for Holiness and Learning; and Ireland thence called, Insula Sancto∣rum, an Island of Saints. In 694. Egfrid, King of Northumberland, first entered, and destroyed this Na∣tion with Fire and Sword; after this, the Danes, for thirty years together, wasted and destroyed them. After these, the Germans. After them, Edgar, the most powerful King of England, conquered a great part of Ireland. And when by Massacres and other Accidents the Irish were freed from all these Calami∣ties; there ensued Domestick Broils among themselves. In 1155. Henry II. being called in by the Natives, re∣solved on the Conquest of them; whereupon Ri∣chard Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, began it: in 1172. Henry II. in Person entered Ireland; and taking upon him the Stile of Sovereign Lord of Ire∣land, the States and all the petty Kings submitted to him: and passed over all their Rule and Power, which was confirmed by Pope Hadrian. The Kings of England continued the Title of Lords of Ireland, till the Reign of Henry VIII. who took first upon him the Stile and Title of King of Ireland, in 1541. which was confirmed to Mary his Daughter, by Pope Paul IV. in 1555. The Irish have ever looked upon this Conquest as a Wrong and an Usurpation, which no Act of theirs, nor Time it self could make valid. Hence, when ever England has been imbroiled, they have taken the opportunity of Revolting. In the Reign of Edward I. when that Prince was engaged against the Scots, one Donald O-Neal stiled himself King of Ulster; and in Right of Inheritance, the undoubted Heir of all Ireland. But when in the Reign of Henry VIII. the pretence of Religion was added, first the Earl of Kildare rebelled in 1537. and was presently suppressed, taken, and beheaded, with his five Uncles. In 1539. O-Neal began another Re∣bellion: but so soon as Thomas Earl of Sussex, Lord Lieutenant, came against him with an Army, the Gentleman grew humble, submitted, and was pardo∣ned. He flew out again in 1563. burnt the Cathedral of Armagh, and besieged Dundalk; but with no suc∣cess. In 1565. Sir Henry Sidney, Lord Lieutenant, went against him, and in a Fight broke his Forces: so that flying to the Scots, (whom he had likewise in∣jured)

in 1567. he was assassinated in cold blood, and presently after attained in Parliament, and the Title of O-Neal abolished. The Earl of Desmond was the next, who in 1579. calling in the Spaniards, began another Rebellion, which ended ill for him; the Spaniards being driven out the year after, and this Earl taken and slain in 1583. In 1595. Tir-Oen, who had done great Service against the Earl of Des∣mond, and was highly favoured by Queen Elizabeth, most ungratefully began a Rebellion, the most dan∣gerous of all the other; this Earl having been bred in the Queens Service, and learned Military Di••cipline from the English, which he now made use of against them. In 1598. he defeated the English at Black∣water. In 1599. brought the Earl of Essex to con∣descend to a Treaty with him. In 1601. he brought the Spaniards over to his Assistance, who took and garrisoned Kinsale; which was retaken by Sir Charles Blunt, (afterwards Lord Montjoy,) and the Spani∣ards totally driven out: whereupon Tir-Oen submit∣ted, and was brought over by the Lord Lieutenant, to King James I. in 1603. This War lasted eight years; and might have proved fatal to the English, if God had not prevented it. After this I find no general Insurrection of the Irish till 1641. when see∣ing Charles I. engaged in War with the Scots at home, they on a sudden rose up and assassinated two hun∣dred thousand English in a few days, when no body suspected any such thing. This Insurrection began September 3. The Troubles of England gave them some respit; but in 1649. and fifty, Oliver Cromwell began their Chastisement so effectually, that Ireton, and those he left to carry it on, erected mournful Tro∣phies of the Divine Vengeance against them, with no great expence of Time, Blood, or Treasure: it missed but a little, that the Irish Name and Nation had been totally extirpated. Charles II. upon his Resti∣tution in 1660. shewed them more Mercy; restored such as had any pretences of Loyalty to plead for their Estates; and governed them all his time with so much Clemency, that this Nation never was in a better State since they fell under the English, than at the time of the Death of that Good Prince.

Irenopolis, an ancient City of Cilicia in Asia Minor. Afterwards called Neronias, and made an Episcopal See, some write, under the Archbishop first of Selencia, then of Anazarbus. Others place an E∣piscopal City of this Name near Babylon, under the Patriarch of Antioch.

Iris, Eurotas, a River in the Morea; which washeth Misitra, and falls into the Gulph di Colo∣china on the South side of the Morea. It is now called Vasilipotamo, or Basilipotamo, that is, the Kings River. § Another in Cappadocia, understood by Valerius Flaccus, where he says,—longisque sluens amfractibus, Iris: now called Casalmach. See Casalmach.

Irneo, Vindius, Hirmius, a Ledge of Mountains in Spain; commonly called El monte de las Asturas, the Mountain of the Asturas; which is a Branch of the Pyrenean Hills, running out to the West, between the Asturas to the North, and the Kingdom of Leon to the South: the greatest is called Irneo, or Erneo; and also Cueto de Hano, or Ori.

Iroquois, a valiant Nation of Indians in New France, in the North America. They have main∣tained divers bloody Wars with the French there, and are the particular Enemies of the Hurons, another sal∣vage people of the same Country.

Irus, a Mountain, mentioned by Arrian, upon the Shoars of the River Indus, towards Gedrosia.

Is, an ancient Town of Susiana in Asia, eight days journey from Babylon, upon a River of the same Name, which discharges its Streams into the Euphra∣tes. Both remembred by Herodotus and Stephanus.

Isauria, a Province, according to the ancient division, of Asia Minor: now thrown into a part of Caramania, and subject to the Turks. Its Capital City was Isau∣ropolis or Isauria, by Ammianus Marcellinus called Claudiopolis; now, Saura. Publius Servilius first reduced this Province under the Dominion of the Ro∣mans, whence he attained the Title of Isauricus. Clau∣dian thus mentions them and him,

Indomites curru Servilius egit Isauros.

Historians write of their Incursions into the Roman Empire, in the fourth and fifth Centuries.

Iscariot, a Village of the Tribe of Ephraim, or as others say, Dan, in Palestine, not far from Sama∣ria to the East. The Birth-place of the traiterous Judas.

Ischar, Jatrus, a River of Bulgaria; which riseth out of Mount Hemus, and watering Ternova, a City of that Province, falls into the Danube at Suistefo. It is the third River from the Western Border, and now more usually called Iantra.

Ischeboli, or Ischepoli, Scopelus, an Inland City of Thrace; made a Bishops See by Leo the Emperour, under the Archbishop of Adrianople. I suppose it is the same with that which is now called Ipsola.

Ischia, Aenaria, Inarime, Pithecusa, an Island on the Coast of the Kingdom of Naples, near the Bay of Puteolum; not above three Miles from the Shoar to the West. Its Circuit is of twenty Miles; of old cal∣led Inarime; and by the Greeks, Pithecusa. It has a City of the same Name, well fortified, with a Castle built on a Rock; in which Ferdinando, King of Na∣ples, found shelter, during the storm brought upon him by Charles VIII. of France; who in 1495. con∣quered this whole Kingdom in a few days. This City is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Naples; eighteen Miles from Naples to the West. Claudius Nepos, a Frenchman, in 1586. published an exact Map, and Description of this Island; which is inser∣ted into the Description of Italy, published by Anto∣nius Maginus.

Iscodar, the Turkish Name of Scutari, or Scodra.

Idenstein, a County in Weteraw, a Territory in the Upper Circle of the Rhine; between Hassia to the East, and the Rhine to the West: by some, Isem∣bourg.

Isakal, Lein Alschemes, Busiris, Ramesses, a ru∣ined old City in Egypt, within the Delta; the ruins of which are so called.

Isenberg, Isidis Mons, a Mountain in Schwaben, near Ausburgh.

Isendyck, Isendium, a small but strong Town, upon the Sea Coast in Flanders, over against Bierv∣liet, a Town belonging to the Hollanders. This Town stands upon the Scheld; three French Leagues from Sluys to the East, and something above four from Middleburgh to the South; and was fortified by the Spaniards against the Dutch.

Isenach. See Eysenach.

Isenghien, Isegemium, a Castle in Flanders, in the Territory of Courtray; which gives the Title of an Earl or Count, to the Family of Vilnia. It is now under the French, two Leagues from Courtray, to∣wards Bruges to the North.

Iser, Isara, a River of Germany, in the Duke∣dom of Bavaria. It ariseth in the Borders of the County of Tyrol, three Miles from Inspruck to the West; and flowing to the North through Bavaria, watereth Munick, or Munichen, (the Capital of that Dutchy) and Frisingen; beneath which, the Amber (Ambra) from the West, falls into it at Land∣schut:

and at last it ends in the Danube, over against Derkendorf; six Miles West of Passaw, and the same distance above Straubing to the East.

L'Isere, Isara, a River in France, which is cal∣ed Isar by Ptolemy, and Scoras by Polybius: it ari∣seth in the Territory of Tarentaise, near Moutiers, in the Dukedom of Savoy, which it watereth; beneath which, it takes in the Arche from the South; then passeth by Montmelian to Grenoble; over against which, it admits the Drac, from the South; and a∣bove Valence, falls into the Rhosne. It is a rapid Ri∣ver. § There is another of this Name in the Duke∣dom of Bavaria in Germany.

Isernia, Aesernia, a City in the Kingdom of Na∣ples, by some called Sernia. It stands in the Pro∣vince of Molise; and is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Capua; seated four Miles from the River Volturno to the East, and the same from the Confines of the Terra di Lavoro; at the foot of the Apennine; thirty Miles from Capua to the North, and almost twenty from Trivento to the South. It is now in a tolerable good state, and made more fa∣mous by the Birth of St. Peter Celestine, a Pope.

Isin, Istnisca, a Village and a River in Bavaria; six Miles from Munichen to the East.

Isis, a River of Oxfordshire; at the Confluence of which with the River Thame, stands Dorchester in the same County.

Island, Thule, Islandia, is a great Island in the Northern Ocean, called by the Dutch Het Islandt; by the Germans Ynslandt. It lies between Norway to the East, and Greenland to the West; from East to West two hundred French Leagues, and about half so broad. Well peopled, and fruitful towards the Sea-shoar; but the middle is barren, desolate, and very Mountainous. N••ddock a Norwegian, first discovered it in 860. and called it Sneeland, that is, the Land of Snow. Flocko, a Pyrate of Norway, af∣terward gave it the Name of Isee-Land; from the great quantity of Ice he found about it. It began to be inhabited by the Norwegians under Ingulphus, so soon as ever it was discovered; that Nation being then dissatisfied with Horald their Prince. It became sub∣ject to Norway in 1260. by doing Homage to that Crown; and in the Right of that Kingdom it belongs to the King of Denmark, who every year sends them a Governour, who resides at the Castle of Bestede, cal∣led otherwise Kronniges-Gard, that is, the Vice-Roys Residence. They were converted to the Christian Faith, by Adebert Bishop of Bremen: Canutus, King of the Vandals, settled Bishops first amongst them, in 1133. one at Hola, another at Schalholt (the two principal Cities) and to each of them annexed a School. They had at first neither Money nor Cities; but lived in Caves, in the sides of Mountains; cove∣red their Huts with Fishes Bones, and eat dried Fish instead of Bread. They speak the ancient Cimbrian Tongue. In 1584 the Bible was Printed in their Language. They have no Cattle, but Horses and Cows; nor any Trees, but Box and Juniper. The Country produceth so great a quantity of sweet Grass, that their Cattle would burst, 'tis said, if they did suffer them to eat it as they would. On the East and West sides of the Isle, there are burning Mountains. The Inhabitants are strong and fierce. It lies between eight and ten degrees of Long and in Lat. 67. one hundred and fifty German Miles from the Shoars of Norway to the West. Their longest day in Summer is twenty four hours without night, and their night in Winter, when the Sun enters into Capricorn, the same without day. The Vulgar believe the Mountain Hecla to be the Prison of damned Souls Mines of Sulphur are found in it, with which the Mer∣chants drive a Traffick.

Isle de feu, the Island of Fire, one of the Islands of Cap. Verde, upon the Coast of Africa; so called from a burning Mountain therein. It has a Port defended by a Fort on the North West.

The Ille of France, Insula Franciae, is a very great Province; the most celebrated, rich, and popu∣lous of any in that Kingdom. It is bounded on the North by Picardy, on the East by Champagne, on the West by Normandy, and on the South by La Beausse: it contains in it twelve Counties, as le Parisis, la Brie Francoise, l' Hurepois, le Gastinois, le Mantoan, le Vexin Francois, le Beavoisis, le Valois, le Sois∣sonois, &c. The principal City is Paris, the Royal City of this Kingdom.

Islas de los Ladrones, or Islas de las Velas, by the French called Isles des Larrons, a mass of little Islands in the Archipelago of St. Lazare, betwixt the Oriental and the Pacifick Oceans, extending from North to South, at the extremity of our Hemi∣sphere, Eastward. Discovered in 1520. by the fa∣mous Magellan. Some, inhabited by a salvage peo∣ple, whose addiction to Thievery occasioned this ge∣neral ill name upon them all, of the Islands of Thieves. Yet the greatest part are barren. They reckon fifteen principal ones. The Air, temperate: but that the Hurricanes from time to time rage with violence. These Salvages are excellent at making of Matts; and they traffick to Tartary in Canoes.

Isle Maurice, an Island in the Aethiopick Ocean, to the East of Madagascar: so named by the Hol∣landers in 1598. in honour of Maurice of Nassaw, Prince of Orange: But the Portugueze made the first discovery of it, who called it Ilha do Cerno or Swan-Island; the English also have given the Name of Warwick to its Haven. In 1640. the Hollanders set∣tled upon it, and have built it a Fort. It yields Palm∣trees, Cocao, Ebony, plenty of Fish, and Tortoises of a vast magnitude. § There is another small Island of this Name, near the Coast of Moscovia, to the West of Weigats Streight, discovered by the Hollan∣ders in 1594. in their search for a North Passage to China. Full of Lakes, Ponds, and Marishes.

Isles des Papas, du Pape, or des Princes, cal∣led by the Turks Papas-Adasi; by the Greeks, Papa∣donisia, or the Priests Island, (from their being in∣habited by the Religious Caloyers of the Order of S. Basil) lie within four Leagues of Constantinople, betwixt the Sea of Marmora, and the entrance into the Streights of Gallipoli. The Europeans of Constan∣tinople and Pera ordinarily divert themselves at them.

Isles des Perles, the Islands of Pearl, are a Shoal of Islands in the South Sea, twelve Leagues from Panama, in South America: to which the abun∣dance of Pearls, heretofore fish'd out of the Sea ad∣jacent, occasioned the giving of this Name. The two principal, are Del Rio and Tararequi. Maze, and odoriferous Trees grow upon them. The Spani∣ards here having made an end of all the Natives, serve themselves of the Negro Slaves of Nicaragua to look after the Fields and the Cattle.

Isle des Sacrifices, an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Tlascala in New Spain in America, near the City St. Jean d'Ʋlva: so called, from the cruel Sacrifices of Men, made by the Natives, to their Gods. The Spaniards used for some time to discharge their Merchandises at this place.

Islebe. See Eisleben.

Issenos, Selinus, Trajanopolis, a City in Cilicia, in the Lesser Asia.

Ismar. See Smyrna.

Isne, Issny, Ysna, Viana, a small City in Schwa∣ben, in Germany, in the Territory of Algow, upon the River Arg; which falls into the Lake of Con∣stance; four German Miles from Kempten to the West, the same from Lindaw to the North-East, and eleven from Ʋlm to the South; made an Imperial Free Town by Charles IV. Emperour of Germany.

Isnich, Ascania, Palus, Nicaea, Antigonia, a City in Bythinia; famous for the first General Council here held in 325. See Nicaea.

Isnig••mid, Nicomedia, a ruined City of By∣thinia.

Isola, Insula, Aesulum, Aesulae, an Episcopal City in the Province of Calabria Ʋlterior, in the King∣dom of Naples. § This Name is also given to the Ri∣ver Cremera in Tuscany: to an Island of the ••iber, called in Latin, Libanus almae Veneris: and to a City of Histria, in Latin Alietum.

Isonzo, Isontius, Natisco, Sontius, a River of Friuli: it ariseth out of the Carinthian Alpes in Carniola, a Province of Germany; and entering Fri∣uli, a Province of Italy, it watereth the County and City of Goritia, and also Gradiska; where taking in Frigido, Turre, and some other Rivers, it leaveth Aquileja; and falls into the Gulph of Trieste, five Miles South-East of Aquileja: near this River Oda∣cer, who had made himself King of Italy, was slain by Theodorick King of the Goths, in 489. To this Place the Turks came under the Command of Asa-Beg, in 1177. in the time of Mahomet the Great; and overthrew Jeronimo Novello, Count of Verona, a famous Commander of those times; and slew him in Battel, together with his Son, and most of his Commanders; destroying a Party of three thousand Venetians, and setting one hundred Villages on fire.

Ispaham. See Haspaam.

Ispirite, Sparte, a Village and Mountain in Thrace, upon the Euxine or Black Sea.

Issar, Sichem, a ruined Place in Samaria, in the Holy Land.

Issedon, an ancient City of Scythia beyond the Mountain Imaus, supposed by some to be the Modern Ciracoram in Tartary; or Synchun, or Suchur, in the Kindom of Tangut, towards the Region of Cathay in China.

Issel. See Yssel.

Issoire, Isiodorum, a City in Auvergne in France, upon the River Allier, which divides this Province; and falls afterwards into the Loyre; six Leagues from Clermont to the South. This City is called Icciodo∣rum, Issorium, and Ic••odurum.

Issoudun, Exelodunum, Exsoldunum, a strong Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France, in the Diocese of Bourges, upon the little River Thiol, seven or eight Leagues from Burges. A Synod was as∣sembled at it in 1081.

Issus. See Laiazzo.

Istacar, Istacarta, a City in Persia, one of the most ancient of that Kingdom, and once a Royal Ci∣ty; but now scarce a Village; the City of Xiras ha∣ving sprung out of its Ruines, and overwhelmed it. It stood one Mile from the Araxis, now Ben∣damur.

Istthmus Corinthiacus, the Neck of Land be∣twixt the Ionian and Aegean Seas, near Corinth; or betwixt the Gulph of Corinth, and the Gulph of Engia, which connects the Morea with Achaia, and the rest of Greece. The Emperours, Julius Caesar, Caligula, and Nero, in vain attempting to cut a pas∣sage from the Ionian Sea into the Archipelago through it, created the Proverb, Istthmum fodere, for an unsuccessful undertaking. It is six Miles long. There was afterwards built upon it a Wall of the same length, called Hexamilium and Hexamili; which Amurah II. destroyed; the Venetians repaired and fortified; and Mahomet II. again destroyed in 1443. § Istthmus of Panama. See Panama. § Isth∣mus of Suez, an Istthmus betwixt the Mediterranean Sea to the North, and the Red Sea to the South, which joins Egypt to Palestine and Arabia Petraea, seventy Arabian Miles large: taking this Name from the City Suez upon the Banks of the Red Sea. It has been attempted to cut a passage through it from the two Seas, divers times, in vain.

Istria. See Histria.

Istrig, Sargetia, a River of Walachia; which ariseth in the South part of Transylvania, and falls into the River Marish. In the Bed of this River, Decebalus buried his Treasure, when invaded by the Emperour Trajan.

Italia, Latium, Ausonia, Hesperia, Oenotria, Sa∣turnia, is the most celebrated Country in Europe; the Mistris, and Civilizer of all the rest. As she had anciently all those Names I have already expressed; so of later times, the Germans call it Welschlandt, or Wallischlandt; the Danes Ualland; the Turks Talia; the Poles and Sclavonians Uloska. Its an∣cient Bounds extended no further to the North, than the Rivers of Arnus, now Arno; and Aesis, Esino; afterwards it was enlarged by the Conquest of the Senones, to the River Rubicon, now Il Pisatello. All between these Rivers and the Alpes, being then called Gallia Cisalpina. But at this day it is extended to the Alpes, and the River Varus; which parts it from France and Germany to the West and North; on which side also the Adriacick Sea divides it from Dalmatia: on the South the Tyrrhenian, Sicilian, and Ligurian Seas divide it from Africa; on the West the same Sea washeth it; and on the East the lower part of the Adriatick Sea, and the Ionian, which divide it from Greece. This Country lies in the form of a vast Peninsula; and resembles very much the Leg of a Man. It containeth in length from Augusta Praetoria, (now Aoust,) at the foot of the Alpes, unto Otranto, (in the most Eastern Point of the Kingdom of Naples) one thousand and twenty Miles: in breadth from the River Varo, (which parts it from Provence) to the Mouth of the River Arsa in Friuli, where it is broadest, four hundred and ten; about Otranto, where narrowest, it has not above twenty five; and in the middle from the Mouth of Pescara on the Adriatick Sea to that of the Tiber, on the opposite Shoar, is one hundred twenty six Miles: its whole Circuit may be about three thousand four hundred forty eight Miles. The Apennine Hills di∣vide it into two parts: it is a very fruitful, pleasant Country; and towards the North extremely well wa∣tered with Rivers. At first divided into divers Tribes and Nations; which being all united by the Roman Conquests into one Empire, upon the ruin of that, it became again divided into divers Seigniories and Republicks; that are now severally in the hands of the Pope, the King of Spain, the Republick of Ve∣nice, the Dukes of Savoy, Florence, Mantoua, Mode∣na, and Parma; the Common-wealths of Genoua and Lucca, and some other small Principalities; of all which, I shall discourse in their proper places. This Country lies towards the midst of the Temperate Zone: from 28. deg. and an half of Long. to 42. and an half: and from 37. deg. and an half of Lat. to 46. and an half. In every respect so delight∣ful, that divers Writers call it the Garden of Europe. Watered by the Rivers Po, Tanaro, Garigliano, Ar∣no, Reno, Tiber, Volturno, &c. Adorned with a great many magnificent, handsome, well built Cities, divers Universities, and more Bishopricks than any Country in the World besides.

Italica, Heraclea, a City of Asia.

Itching, a River of Hantshire, meeting with the River Test at their fall into the Sea, near Southam∣pton. Winchester stands upon its Banks.

Ithaca, an Island in the Ionian Sea, near Cepha∣lonica: now called Isola del Compare, and Val de Compare: by the Turks, Phiachi or Theachi. And in Dionysius Africanus, Nericia. This was the Birth∣place of Ʋlysses, as Virgil hath it,

Sum patria ex Ithaca comes infoelicis Ʋlyssei. Aen. 3.

Iton, Itona, a small River of Normandy, which washeth Eureux; and then falls into the River Eure.

Ituraea, the ancient Roman Name of a Region in Palestine, since called Bacar. See Bacar. In the time of our Saviour it was a Tetrarchate under the Government of Philip, Herod's Brother. The Inha∣bitants were a mixture of the Tribes of Gad and Reuben.

Itzeho, Itz••hoa, a small City in Holstein properly so called, in the very Borders of Stomaria, upon the River Stor; two German Miles from the Eibe and Gluckstadt, towards the South-East.

Iuanogrod, a Castle in the County of Ingerman∣land, near Narva; from which it is parted only by the River Plausa. Built and fortified by the Russ; and conquered by the Swedes, together with the Province, in which it stands.

Iucatan, or Yucatan, a Peninsula in New Spain, in North America, within the Government of Mexico, running into the North Sea, betwixt the two Gulphs of Mexico and Honduras, above two hundred and fifty Leagues in circuit. Fertile, especially in Cot∣ton; and planted with the Cities, Merida, Salaman∣ca, Valladolid, &c. It was first discovered by Fran∣cis Hernandez of Corduba: and afterwards conquered by Francis Montege, by a War of nine years, in 1536.

Iudea. See Palestine.

Iudenburg, a City of the Ʋpper Stiria, upon the River Muer, which falls into the Drave, in the Bor∣ders of Hungary; nine Miles above Gratz to the West, and two from the Confines of Carinthia. It is under the House of Austria, and thought to be the ancient Sabatinca Norici.

Iudia, Ʋdia, Odiaa, the Capital City of the King∣dom of Siam, in the East-Indies, where the King resides: thirty Leagues from the Indian Ocean, upon the River Menan. In Long. 129. 00. Lat. 15. 00. And is a Place of great Trade.

Iudicello, Amananus, a River of Sicily, which ariseth from Mount Aetna; and passing through the City of Catania, falls into the Ionian Sea, after a Course of ten Miles.

Ivel, a River of Bedfordshire, falling into the Ouse: upon which stand Biglesworth and Shefford.

Ivetot, a Seigniory in the Paix de Caux in Nor∣mandy. Said to have been erected into a Kingdom by King Clotaire I. in satisfaction for the Murder of Gautier Lord of Ivetot, committed in the Church upon a Good Friday by King Clotaire's own hand. Others write, this is a Fable.

St. Ives, a Borough and Market Town in the County of Cornwall, in the Hundred of Penwith, which returns two Burgesses to the House of Com∣mons. It has a Haven to the North or Irish Sea. § A Market Town in Huntingtonshire, in the Hun∣dred of Hurstington, upon the River Ouse, over which it hath a fair Stone Bridge. Said to be so called from S. Ivo a Bishop, who about the year 600. prea∣ched Christianity throughout England, and here died.

Ivette, Iveta, a small River of France, which falls into the Orbe.

Iuhorsky, or Juhora, Jugra, Juhra, a Province in the North of Moscovy, upon the White Sea. It hath a City of the same Name.

Ivica, Ebusus, an Island on the East of Spain, be∣longing to Majorca, and seated between it and Spain: only twenty Miles in compass, with a secure Haven on its South side. It affords great plenty of Salt, and has no hurtful Creature in it. The Bishop of Tarragona is the Proprietor of this Isle. It is on all sides incompassed with Rocks, or small Islands, which make the approach to be very dangerous.

Iuine, Junna, a small River in Gastinois in France; which arising near the Forest of Orleance, and bending Northward, takes in Estampes and some other small Rivers; and falls into the Seyne at Corbie. Some believe it to be the same with the River Yone; and that it was called Estampes, from the Town of that Name upon it.

Ivingo, a Market Town in Buckinghamshire, in the Hundred of Colstow.

Iuliers, Juliacum, a City of Germany; menti∣oned by Tacitus and Ammianus Marcellinus; called by the Inhabitants Gulick: See Gulick. § Also the Name of a Dukedom in the Province of Westphalia, between the Rhine to the East, and the Maes to the West; bounded on the North by Ʋpper Guelderland; on the East by the Bishoprick of Cologne; on the South by Eifall, and the Bishoprick of Treves; and on the West by the Dukedom of Limburg. The Ri∣ver Roer divides it into two parts. This from 700. was under Princes of its own, to 1609. when upon the death of John William, the last Duke, there arose a contest between the Duke of Newburg, and Bran∣denburg; which in 1612. broke out into a War; these two Dukes in the end dividing the Dukedom between them; and entering a League for their mu∣tual defence, against who ever should annoy either of them in that which he possessed. The Dukes of Sa∣xony at the same time pretended a Right; which though they never prosecuted, yet they still reserve unto themselves.

Iuncto, Tagrus, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Portugal.

Iunnan, Junnanum, a great Province in the Kingdom of China, in the South-West Borders to∣wards the East-Indies: on the North it is bounded by the Kingdom of Tibet, and the Province of Su∣chem: on the East it has Queycheu, and Quamsi, (two other Provinces of China;) on the South the Kingdoms of Tunkim, and Cochin-China; and on the West, the Kingdom of Pegu. The Southern parts of this Province have been conquered by the King of Tunkim, and are in his hands. It has its Name from Ynvam, a vast City, seated in Long. 131. 00. Lat. 25. 30. This Province contains two and twenty great Cities, eighty four smaller, and one hundred thirty two thousand nine hundred fifty eight Families.

Iunquera. See Jonquera.

Iura, a Mountain which divides France from Switzerland, called by the Germans Iurten; by the Swiss Leberberg and Leerberg. It begins at the Rhine near Basil to the North; extends to the Rhosne, and the County of Beugey to the South; having many different Names from the People by which it passeth. That part which begins at the Rhosne, four Miles from Geneva (and lies between the County of Burgundy and Beugey) is called le Credo: after∣wards it is called St. Claude, about the rise of the River Doux; it has the Name of Mont de Joux, in the Borders of Basil, Pierreport, and Botzberg; more South Schafmat; and by the Swiss Leer∣berg.

Iurat, a part of the Mountain Jura, which lies between Burgundy and Switzerland; also called Jurten.

Iurea, Eporedia, called Ʋrbs Salassiorum by Ptolemy, and Eporaedio by Antoninus in his Itine∣rary; at this day Jurea by the Inhabitants; Jurée by the French; is a City of Piedmont in Italy; the Capital of the Territory of Canavese, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Turin: seated upon the River Doria [Duria] which falls into the Po be∣neath Rivarotta; between Chivas to the West, and Casal to the East; thirty Italian Miles from Turin to the North, and twenty five from Aoust to the South-West. This City has been under the Duke of Savoy, ever since 1313. who has taken care to fortifie it very well: it has also an ancient Castle, and a Stone Bridge over the River Doria. The French took it in 1554. during the Wars of Italy. It has of anci∣ent time given the Title of a Marquess.

Iuriogrod. See Derpt.

Iustinopolis or Justiniana. See Achrida, Cabo di Istria, and Giustandil.

Iutland, Jutia, Cimbrica Chersonesus, is a very great Province of the Kingdom of Denmark; exten∣ded in the form of a vast Peninsula from North to South, and only joined to the Continent at the South end; where Holstein, a part of this Promon∣tory, joins it to Germany; on the West it has the German Ocean, on the North and East the Baltick Sea. It is divided into the Northern and Southern Jutland. The Northern Jutland is divided into four Dioceses, viz. Rypen, Arhusen, Alborch, and Wisborch; this part is under the King of Denmark: the Southern is divided into three, viz. Sleswick, Flensborg, and Hadersleben; this is under the Duke of Sleswick, who is of the Blood Royal of Denmark. Charles Gustavus King of Sweden took Jutland in his late Wars, and thence passed over the Ice into the Neigh∣bouring Islands. It was the Country, most suppose, of the ancient Cimbri.

Ixar, a small Town in the Kingdom of Arra∣gon, upon the River Martinium; twelve Miles from Sarragoza to the South; which gives the Title of a Duke.

Ixe, a Kingdom on the South of Japan.

Iyo, a Province in Japan, in Xicoca; towards the West of it, and the Island Ximoam; which has in it a Town of the same Name.