A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names of all the counties, provinces, remarkable cities, universities, ports, towns, mountains, seas, streights, fountains, and rivers of the whole world : their distances, longitudes, and latitudes : with a short historical account of the same, and their present state : to which is added an index of the ancient and Latin names : very necesary for the right understanding of all modern histories, and especially the divers accounts of the present transactions of Europe / begun by Edmund Bohun ... ; continued, corrected, and enlarged with great additions throughout, and particularly with whatever in the geographical part of the voluminous, Morey and Le Clerks occurs observable, by Mr. Bernard ; together with all the market-towns, corporations, and rivers, in England, wanting in both the former editions.

H A. (Book h)

HAbas, that part of Aethiopia, which lies next Egypt. See Aethiopia.

Habes, Eleutherus, a River on the West of Sicily, which falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea, eight Miles from Palermo.

Habaynacht, the great River Indus.

Hackdar, Arsenarium, a Promontory of Africa.

Hadersleben, a City in South Jutland, in the Dukedom of Sleswick, towards the Baltick Sea, and the Island of Fionia, which has a very large Haven. It lies between Kolding and Apenrad, about four Ger∣man Miles from either; the same distance from Fio∣nia to the West, and seven from Flentsburg to the North. This City was built by John Duke of Hol∣stein; but is now under the King of Denmark, though often taken and lost by the Swedes, in their Wars with the Danes. Frederick III. was born here March 28. 1609.

Kadleigh, a Market Town in the County of Suffolk and the Hundred of Cosford, upon the River Breton.

Haerlem, Harlemum, the Capital of the Territory of Kenmerlandt in West-Friseland, upon the River [Spara] Putten•• Vaert; three Miles from Amster∣dam to the West, and four from Alckmar to the South; between the Lake called Haerlem-meer, and the Sea. Made a Bishops See by Pope Paul IV: under the Archbishop of Ʋtrecht, in 1559. but this See was not long-liv'd, the Hollanders revolting soon af∣ter from Spain. As this City was one of the first that ejected the Spaniards, so it was the first that felt the heat of their fury: Frederick Son of the Duke de Alva, being sent with an Army in 1573. to reduce it: which proved a long and b'oody Siege eight Months. This Siege was made the more me∣morable by a Naval Victory obtained by sixty Spa∣nish Ships, over an hundred Dutch ones, which for∣ced the City to surrender: as also by the Cruelty the Spaniards used after they got the Place; putting two thousand Persons to the Sword, under pretence they came from other Towns though they had given their Oath to bear Arms no more: and having in the Siege defaced the Sacred Images, therefore they were put to death, not as Harlemers, but as Sacrilegious Per∣sons. This was the last of the Actions of the Duke of Alva; being soon after recalled. This City was built (as is supposed) by Onelem, a Noble Man, from whom it had its Name. Others say, by the Friselan∣ders, about 506. It is supposed too, that here the Art of Printing was first invented. But whoever founded, or has since improved it, it is now a great, populous, rich, well fortified City, in a healthful Air; which has about it pleasant Meadows, and an adorning Wood. It was in the time of L. Guicciardin, one of the biggest Cities in Holland; making yearly ten and twelve thousand Pieces of Cloth; from which Trade, it may be judged to have had its greatest encrease.

Hafern, the Severn. See Severn.

Hag, a Town and County in the Empire, in Bavaria.

Hague, Haga Comitis, the pleasantest and greatest Village in Christendom; seated within one Mile of the German Ocean; between Leyden to the North, and the Mouth of the Maes to the South; four German Miles from Rotterdam to the West, and seven from Amsterdam to the South West. The usual Residence of the Prince of Orange, and of the Council of the Ʋnited Provinces; in which the Earls of Holland had heretofore a stately Palace. The Dutch call it Graven Hague; the English the Hague; the French La Haye. The Hollanders would never fortifie it, out of a Vanity they have, to be Masters of the No∣blest Village in Christendom: but they have narrow∣ly escaped the paying dear for this Boast; the Town having been in danger of being surprized both by the French and Spaniards. The Hage or Hagh, in the German, signifies an House.

Hagenaw, Hagenoia, Hageno, a City in the Lower Alsatia, upon the Rivers [Matra] Moterbrun, and [Sorna] Sorr, united: first walled in 1164. by Fre∣derick Aenobarbus the Emperor; who built here an Imperial Palace, and made it a Free and Imperial City. It is now one of the Imperial Villages: and was heretofore under the Protection of the House of Austria; but by the Peace of Munster, it came un∣der the King of France. In 1675. it was in vain be∣sieged by the Austrian Forces: yet soon after, all its Fortifications were slighted by the French; and thereupon it suffered very much in the last German War. This City stands two Miles West of the Rhine, and four from Strasbourg to the North: and is now repairing.

Landtvog von Hagenaw, or the Bailiwick of Hagenaw, is almost included in Alsatia: also called the Prefecture of the Ten Imperial Cities; because there are so many in it; viz. Hagenaw, Colmar, Schel∣strat, Wissemburg, Landaw, the Upper Bhenbeim, R••sheim, Munster in Gregorienthas, Kaisersberg, and Turcheim, with their dependents. Mulhuis in Suntgow, belonged also once to this Bailiwick, which is now one of the Swiss Cantons. This Bailiwick was mortgaged to the Elector Palatine, by Sigis∣mund the Emperour, for fifty thousand Florens. Fer∣dinand I. paid the Debt, and united it to the Domini∣ons of the House of Austria, in 1558. And in 1648. by the Peace of Munster, it was resigned with all its Dependences to the French, who are still possessed of it.

Hailbrun, or Hailprun, Heilbron, Alisum, fons Salutis, Hailbruna, a German City in the Circle of Schwaben, upon the River Necker; in the Confines of the Dukedom of Wirtemberg; called by this Name, by reason of the great plenty of Medicinal Springs it has. Made a Free Imperial City, by Frederick II. in 1240. when it was also first walled: it is still a Free City, and lies two Miles from Wimfen to the South, eight from Spire to the East. Here is a Stone Bridge over the Necker.

Haimburg. See Haynburgh.

Hainault, Hannonia, one of the greatest Provinces in the Low Countries; called by the French Hay∣naut; by the Germans Henegow; by the Spaniards and Italians, Hannonia; taking its Name from a small River. Heretofore much less, than now; containing only the Eastern part of this Province; the Western being a distinct Earldom, by the Name of Valenci∣ennes: but this has for some Ages been annexed to Hainault, and comprehended in it. This Province has on the East Brabant, Namur, and Liege; on the North the Imperial Flanders, or the County of Alost;

on the West Flandria Gallica; and on the South Pi∣cardy. It is watered by the Schelde and the Haisne. First it served under its own Counts or Earls. The last Countess of which, was dispossessed by force, by Philip Duke of Burgundy, in 1438. So it became united to the rest of the Provinces: but the greatest part of it, is now subjected to the French; viz. Va∣lenciennes Maubeuge, Landrecies, Bouchaine, Ques∣noy, Ostervant, and the Territory between the Maes and the Sambre: the City of Monts being An. 1691. taken by the French.

Hair, a Desart in Lybia, in the Kingdom of Tar∣ga, on the South side towards Nigritia; one hun∣dred Miles in length; between the Desarts of Igni to the East, and the Kingdom of Zuenzig to the West.

Haisne, Hania, a very small River in Hainault, which gives Name to the whole Province: it ariseth near Bincha in this Province; and dividing it into two parts, watereth Monts, takes in T••u••la, and at Conde falls into the Schelde.

Halapia, Mesopotamia.

Halar, Halara, a City in Island, on the North side, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Drontheim: it has no Walls, nor any great number of Inhabitants; but stands by the Bay of Skagafi••rd, and is under the King of Denmark as King of Norway.

Halberstad, Pheugarum, Haiberstatum, is a Ger∣man City in the Lower Saxony; and a Bishops See, un∣der the Archbishop of Mentz; being substituted in the stead of Salinstad, in 819. The Capital also of a Principality, which has its Name from it: it stands upon the River Hotheim, seven Miles from Magde∣burg to the West, and from Brunswick to the South. Heretofore an Imperial Free Town; but being ex∣empt, it fell under the Dominion of its own Bishop; till by the Treaty of Westphalia or Munster, this Bi∣shoprick was changed into a Principality, and given to the Duke of Brandenburg. The Bishop of this Diocese embraced the Augustane Confession in 1586.

The Principality of Halberstad, is a small Ter∣ritory granted by Charles the Great, (who founded it) to the Bishoprick; but now under the Duke of Brandenburg. It is bounded on the North by the Dukedoms of Magdeburg, and Brunswick; on the South by the Principality of Anhault; and lies from East to West about nine German Miles. The Capital of it is Halberstad.

Halifax, a Corporation in the County of York, upon the River Ca••der, seated upon the ••••eep descent of an Hill, and extended from East to West (which of old was called Horton.) It is a very populous, rich Town; having in it eleven Chap els, whereof two are Parishes; and about twelve thousand inhabi∣tants. Placed in a barren Soil: but the Inhabitants have by their Industry in Clothing, and other Manu∣factures so supplied their Defects, that none are richer or better supplied, than they. Charles II and King James II successively added to the Honour of this Place, when they created George Savil Baron of Eyland, Viscount and Marquess of Halifax; who is still living.

Halenberg, a part of Mount Kalenberg, which begins in the Lower Austria, at the Danube, and runs to the South as far as the Drave; whereof this branch parts Hungary from Stiria and Carinthia.

Halep, or Haleppo. See Aleppo.

Halesworth, a Market Town in the County of Suffolk, in the Hundred of Blithing.

Hali, Muza, a City in Arabia the Happy, upon the Red Se•• now called Gezien.

Haling, a small Island to the Eastward of Ports∣mouth with a Town of the same Name.

Halitz, Ha••••otz, a Town in Poland, in a Territory of the same Name, upon the River Niester (Tyra) in Red Russia, which has a strong Castle. Heretofore a City of great Note, and the Capital of Red Russia, then a Kingdom; the Prince of which was often cal∣led the King of Halitz, and not of Russia; because this Kingdom was divided into many Dukedoms, the Principal of which, was the Duke of Kiovia. Pope Gregory XI. made this an Archbishops See: But in 1414. the Archbishoprick was removed to Lemburg; from which Aalitz stands sixteen Polish Miles to the North-East, and twenty five from Caminieck to the West. It is now in a declining State, and inha∣bited by few.

Hall, Hala, Halla, a City in the Ʋpper Saxony, in Misnia; which though little, is in a good condition, and under the Jurisdiction of its own Duke. It stands upon the River [Sala] Saalder, three Ger∣man Miles from Mersburg to the North, ten from Magdeburg to the South, and seventeen from Wit∣temburg to the South-West. It has near it a Castle, called Mauriceburg, which was heretofore the Vil∣lage of D••bredor. In 981. it obtained its Character from Otho II. and took its present Name from four Salt Springs which are in it. Once a Free and Impe∣rial City, but now exempted; and subject to its Duke, who is of the Electoral House of Saxony; therefore called the Duke of Saxony of Hall; who besides the adjacent Country, has almost half Thurin∣gia, and some Places in the Dukedom of Magdeburg.

Schwabische Hall, Hall en Suabe, a small Im∣perial Free City in Schwaben, which has been such ever since the year 1360. It is placed in the midst of steep Rocks and Mountains; and had both its Name and Being from those Eleven Salt Springs which rise in it. It is divided by the River [Cocha∣rus] Cochar, into the Upper and Lower Town, which are joined by a Bridge. This City was often taken and retaken in the great Swedish War. It stands in the Dukedom of Wirtemberg, of which it was once a part; six German Miles from Hailbrun to the East, nineteen from Franckfort on the Main, and fifteen from Spire: at almost an equal distance from the Rhine, the Maine, and the Danube. Taken by the Mareschal de Turene in 1645.

Hall in Inthall, a German Town in Tyrol, upon the River Inthall, from which it has its Name; two Miles from Inspruck to the East.

Hall, or Haut, a small Town in Hainault, in the Confines of Brabant; where is a famous Church de∣dicated to the Virgin Mary, much frequented on the account of an Image of hers, that is admired for doing of Miracles. The Walls were pulled down in 1677. Justus Lipsius has wrote a particular Tract of the Miracles of this Virgo Hallensis, or Image of the Virgin Mary of Hall.

Hall, Ernolatia, a Village in the Ʋpper Austria, upon the River Krems; six German Miles from Lintz. [Lentia] to the South.

Hallandt, Hallandia, a part of South Gothland; which was heretofore a Province of the Kingdom of Denmark; but now under the King of Sweden, ever since 1645. Bounded on the East and North with Westro-Gothia; on the West with the Baltick Sea; and on the South with Scania. The chief Town in it, is Helmstad. This Province is extended from North to South sixty Miles upon the Baltick Sea, but not above fifteen broad; and was once a Dukedom.

Hallaton, a Market Town in Leicestershire, in the Hundred of Gartrey.

Halsted, a Market Town in Essex, in the Hun∣dred of Hinckford.

Halderstein, a small Seigniory in Switzerland, near Coire.

Halydown, or Haledon, a Town in Northumber∣land, upon the River Tine; where Oswald King of Northumberland, invoking Jesus Christ, in 634.

overthrew Edwal King of the Britains, and there∣upon embraced Christianity; sending for A••dan the Scot, to teach him and his People, and calling the place Heavenfield. This Field has been since conse∣crated to Victory; the Scots being beaten here by the English in 1331. and again in 1402. if Halydown, and Haledon be the same places, as I suppose they are.

Ham, the same with Egypt.

Ham, Hamum, a small, but strong City in West∣phalia, upon the River Lippe, in the County of March, in the Confines of the Diocese of Munster; five Ger∣man Miles from Munster to the South, and fourteen from Cologn to the North-East; between Dorsten to West, and Lippestad to the East. This City is un∣der the Duke of Brandenburg, yet a Hanse-Town: taken by the French in 1673. but now return'd un∣der its former Master.

Ham, a City in Picardy in France, in Verman∣dois, upon the River Some; four Leagues from S. Quintin to the South-West, and sixteen from A∣miens to the East.

Haman, Hama, Emisa, Apamea, a City of Syria, called vulgarly Hems. It is an Archbishops See, un∣der the Patriarch of Antioch, upon the River Oron∣tes, (now called Farfar) between Arethusa to the North, and Laodicea to the South; about forty three Miles from Damascus to the North, eighty from Antioch, and thirty from Aleppo. Our later Maps make Haman and Hemz, two several places. Apa∣mea and Emisa are by Baudrand made several Cities. Vid. Hemz.

Hamay, or Haimage, a Town and Monastery in Flanders.

Hamburgh, Gambrivii, Hamburgum, Treva, is one of the most celebrated Cities and Sea-Ports of Germany: seated in the Lower Saxony, in the Duke∣dom of Holstein, upon the River Elbe: yet an Impe∣rial Free City, not subject to any Prince, and one of the Principal Hanse-Towns in Germany. Hereto∣fore it was dignified with an Archbishops See; but the Chair was removed to Bremen in 830. by Ansga∣rius the Bishop, with the Consent of Lewis the Em∣perour. This City is placed in the Territory of Stor∣maren; eighteen German Miles from the German Ocean, which yet Tides up to it; fifteen from Bre∣men to the North, ten from Lubeck to the South, and seven from Stade to the East. Very strongly fortified, rich, populous, and in a growing condition. It has its Name from one H••mmion a great Man, its Benefactor Charles the Great erected it against the Danes, in 809▪ Heridagus was the first, Ans∣garius the second and last Archbishop of it. Subject to Albion Prince of the North▪ Elbingers in the be∣ginning: afterwards to Herman Billengen, Son of Otto the First, Duke of the Lower Saxony: and to his Son Benn••s after him, in whom this Line ended▪ Adolphus Count of Schawenburg, in 1137. governed this City and Holstein, for Lotharius Duke of Saxony. Adolphus III. granted it many and great Privileges for Money •••• which were confirmed by Frederick Barbarossa the Emperour. In his absence in the East, Henry the Lion ruin'd it; but Adolphus upon his return recovered and rebuilt it: he did not long survive, being slain in Battel in 1203. by Wal∣demarus Duke of Sleswick, Brother of Canutus King of Denmark. Canutus gave this City to Albertus Duke of Orlamand, who sold his Right: which Sale was confirmed by Adolphus the third Duke of Hol∣stein; and ever since the City has been a Free State; though the Dukes of Holstein still pretend a Right and Title to it. Frederick II. in 1579. had a Con∣troversie with it, which was ended by the payment of Money. It embraced the Lutheran Confession, at the first Publication of it; yet it tolerates the Ca••oi∣nists, and gave shelter to the English in the Reign of Queen Mary, who in 1554. fled hither. In 1686. the present King of Denmark suddenly sat down before it with an Army of thirty thousand Men: but the Winter coming on, and the Neighbour Princes espou∣sing their Cause, and sending them Forces into the City, he was forced to retire: those within, on whom he relied, being discovered, and afterwards Tryed, and Executed. They think themselves obliged hereby to be very jealous of all the motions of that King: to whom they declare their firm Resolutions to main∣tain, to the uttermost, all their Privileges and Immu∣nities whatsoever. There is hardly in the World a finer City, nor a larger and safer Port than this: it is said to have done Homage to Christian III. as Duke of Holstein, in 1604.

Hamel, a Town near Corbie, upon a River that falls into the Some in Picardy.

Hamelen, Hamala, Hamelia, a City of Germany, in the Lower Saxony, in the Dukedom of Brunswick: between Hildesheim to the East, and Paderborne to the West; upon the (Visurgis) Weser, which parts this Dukedom from Westphalia, and beneath Bremen falls into the German Ocean. It stands twenty Miles from Bremen to the South-East, fourteen from Bruns∣wick to the South-West, twenty six from Hamburgh to the South, and twenty three from Fuld to the North. This City belongs to the Bishop of Hilde∣sheim, and the Earl of Lippe: was heretofore under the Abbot of Fuld, before Albert Duke of Bruns∣wick received it into his Protection, which in time turned from a Protectory, to a Sovereign Jurisdicti∣on, as is usual. It is now under the Duke of Bruns∣wick Hannouer. Near this Place the Austrians re∣ceived a fatal Overthrow from the Suedes and Lu∣nenburgers, at the Castle of Ottendorp, in 1633.

Hamiltown, a Castle in the County of Cluyds∣dale, in Scotland, upon the Cluyd or Glotta, above Bothwel; ten English Miles from Glascow to the South, and thirty five from Edenburgh to the West; which gives the Title of a Duke to one of the best Families in Scotland, in whose Possession it is.

Hammeren, Hammaria, a City of Norway, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Drontheim; in the Province of Aggerhuis, in the Confines of Dalecarlia, (a Province of Sweden), very small. It stands thirty Swedish Miles from Bergen to the East, and twenty from Anslo, (Ansloga) to the North. This Bishoprick is united to that of Anslo.

Hampton-Court, a Noble Country House, be∣longing to the King of England in Middlesex, ten Miles from London, on the Thames: built by Cardinal Woolsey, in the Reign of Henry VIII. who also built White-Hall, the common Residence of our Kings ever since.

Hamsa. See Haman.

Hanaw, Hanovia▪ a strong Town in Franconia in Germany, upon the River Kin••z; which a little lower falls into the Mayne; between Franckfort to the West, and Aschaffenburg to the East; three Miles from either, and ten from Marpurg to the South. This City has suffered very much in the late Swedish and German Wars.

Hani, Ecbatana, a great City in the Kingdom of Persia, the Capital of the Medes; and a Regal City, mentioned by Pliny, Strabo, and Ptolemy. Said to be built by Arphaxad; now supposed to be Tauris. See Tauris.

Hannonia. See Hainault.

Hannover, Hannower, Hannovera, Hanouer, a German City in the Dukedom of Brunswick, in the Territory of Calemberg, upon the River (Leina)

Leine; which falls into the Weser, beneath Ferden, four Miles above Bremen; from which last, Hannover stands sixteen Miles to the South-West, five from Hildesheim to the North-West, and six from Bruns∣wick to the West. Once an Imperial and Free City, but afterwards exempted. Its Prince, who is of the House of Brunswick, possesseth one half of the Dukedom of Brunswick, with the Territory of Ca∣lemberg, and Grubenhagen; and has under him, Hannover, Hamelen, Gottingen, Newstad, and Lim∣beck. This City is very well fortified. The present Duke, John Frederick, is a Roman Catholick, youn∣ger Brother to the Duke of Zell. But the City of Hannover, was one of those which entered the Smal∣caldick League, as appeareth in Sleidan. And there∣fore I suppose the People are generally of the Refor∣med Religion.

Hantshire, Hantonia, a County in the West of England; bounded on the South by the British Sea, and the Isle of Wight; on the West by Dorsetshire; on the North by Berkshire; and on the East by Surrey and Sussex. It is a large and fruitful County: the Capital of it, is the City of Winchester; besides which, it has also Southampton, Portsmouth, and Rumsey, very considerable Towns.

Haoaxe, Haoaxus, a River of Africa, which spring∣eth out of vast Mountains in the Abissine Empire, in the Confines of the Provinces of Xaoa and Ogga: being augmented with the Streams of Machi, it entereth the Kingdom of Adel, (called by the Portuguese, Zeila;) the Capital of which, Avoa Gurelé, stands upon this River: it is said to be not much less than the Nile; and after a course of six hundred Miles, to discharge it self into the Red Sea; having fertilized the Kingdom of Adel, in the same manner, as the other doth that of Egypt. See Jerome Lobo, a Por∣tuguese, who travelled this Country.

Hapsel, Hapselia, a small City in Livonia, in the Province of Estonia, and the Territory of Wick; upon a small Bay of the same name, which is part of the Baltick Sea. Heretofore a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Riga; two Swedish Miles from Leal to the North, and eleven from Revel to the West. It is under the King of Sweden.

Harberick Salamboria, a Town in Mesopotamia.

Harborcagh, a Market Town in Leicestershire, in the Hundred of Gartrey.

Harburg, Harburgum, a strong, but ill peopled Town in the Dukedom of Lunenburgh, upon the Elbe; two German Miles from Hamburgh to the South, and six from Lunenburgh to the West. It has a Castle.

Harcourt, a small Town and Castle in Normandy, in the Territory of Eureux; scarce five Miles from thence to the West, and two from Belmont to the North. Philip VI. in the year 1338, erected it in∣to an Earldom, which was bestowed upon the Princes of Lorain; some of whose Family have of late times been famous Commanders in War.

Harda, Artiscus, a River of Thrace.

Harderwick, Hardebones, Harderwick, a small City in Guelderland, under the United Provinces, in the County of Veleuve; which is a Hanse Town, and an University, opened here in 1648. It stands upon the Shoar of the Zuider Sea, from which it has re∣ceived great damage; but greater from the French, who taking it in 1672, dismantled, and left it in 1673. It lies seven Leagues from Ʋtrecht to the South East, and six from Deventer to the West. First walled with a Brick Wall in 1229.

Hardts-Walt, Hartzwald, Melibocum, a Moun∣tain in Thuringia: and a Wood, or Forest, called Sylva Herculis; by Ptolemy, Sylva Semana; by Cae∣sar, Sylva Bacenis. It lies in the South Part of the Dukedom of Brunswick, in the Territory of Gruben∣hagen; between Halberstad to the East, and Gostar to the West: the top of the Mountain is called by the Inhabitants Blokes-barch, between Osterwick, and Werningerod, two Towns in these parts. The Fo∣rest covering the Mountain above mentioned, lies be∣tween the Elbe and Saal to the East, and the Weser to the West. Mercator by a mistake took it for a part of the Hercinian Forest; and placed it between Thuringia and Bohemia.

Harfleur, a Castle in the Païs de Caux in Nor∣mandy in France; upon the North Side of the Out∣let of the Seyne; within one Mile of Havre de Grace, and three of Honfleur to the North. Besieged in 1416, by the French; defended by the English, who fru∣strated their Designs; and in a Sea Fight near this place defeated both the French and Genoese Fleets. Soon after which followed the taking of Caen, Falais, Conquest, and Roan it self, by the Victorious En∣glish.

Harlegh, a Market Town in the County of Meri∣oneth in Wales, in the Hundred of Ardydury.

Harleston, a Market Town in the County of Nor∣folk and the Hundred of Earsham.

Harlingen, Harlinga, a City of the United Pro∣vinces in West-Friesland; the next to Leuwarden in order and greatness; strong and hard to be taken, because the adjacent Country may be drowned. It has a very large Haven on the Zuider Sea; and stands in the Territory of Westergoe, three Leagues from Leuwarden to the West.

Harlow, a Market Town in the County of Essex. The Capital of its Hundred.

Harrie, or Harnland, Harria, a Province of Li∣vonia, upon the Bay of Finland, in the Province of Esthon: the Capital of which is Revel, which with this Province is under the Crown of Sweden.

Harsan, a Mountain in the Lower Hungary, four German Miles from the Drave to the North, and the same distance from Mohatz to the West; near which the Dukes of Lorain and Bavaria, defeated an Army of an hundred thousand Turks, August 12, 1687. See Mohatz.

Hartfordshire. See Hertfordshire.

Hartland, a Market Town in Devonshire. The Capital of its Hundred.

Hartlandpoint, Herculis Promontorium, a famous Cape in the Western Part, and Northern Shoar of the County of Devon, near the Confines of Cornwal; which shoots a great way into the Irish Sea, and makes a safe Bay for the Riding of Ships.

Hartle Pool, a Market Town in the Bishoprick of Durham in Stockton Ward, upon a neck of Land, that on all sides, except Westward, is surrounded by the Sea.

Hartzerode, Hartzeroda, a Castle in the Ʋpper Saxony, in the Principality of Anhault, upon the Ri∣ver Selka; twelve Miles from Northausen to the South-East: where was the Seat or Residence of one of the five Princes of Anhault.

Harwich, Harvicum, a Town in Essex, at the Mouth of the Stour, which has a Large, Safe, and Noble Sea-Port; made famous of old by a Naval Vi∣ctory, here obtained against the Danes by the English in 888. This Town is not great (saith Mr. Cambden,) but well peopled; strong both by Art and Nature, (being almost surrounded by the Sea;) and much improved by the Care and Charges of Queen Eliza∣beth; only it wants fresh Water. It is also a Corpo∣ration, and sends two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Hasbaigne, Hasbainensis Pagus, called by the In∣habitants Haspengow, is a Territory in the Bishoprick of Leige; extended between Brabant, the Maeze, and the City of Liege. The Capital of which is

S. Trevyen; it reached of old as far as Louvaine, or Loeven, and is frequently mentioned in ancient Hi∣story.

Hasbat, Hasbata, a Province of the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary: bounded on the North by the Streights of Gibraltar; on the West by the Atlan∣tick Ocean; by the Mediterranean Sea, and the Pro∣vince of Asgaria to the East: the principal place of which was Tangier, now ruined by the English. See Tangier.

Hascora, or Escura, a Province of the Kingdom of Morocco; having Duccala to the North, Morocco to the South, and Tedelsa to the East: the princi∣pal Town of which is Elmadina.

Hasel, or Val-Hasal, a Valley and Bailiwick in the Canton of Bearne in Switzerland, abutting Eastward upon the Canton of Ʋnderwaldt, and stretching it self from about the Lake of Brientz as far as to the Source of the River Aar. It yields good Pasturage and Iron-Mines. The Inhabitants hereof about the year 1332. entered into a perpetual Alliance with those of Bearne, and have since been subjected to them.

Hasenburgh, Didatrium, a Town in the County of Burgundy.

Haslemere, a Market Town in the County of Sur∣rey and the Hundred of Godalming, priviledged with the Election of two Parliament men.

Haslingden, a Market Town in Lancashire, in the Hundred of Blackburn.

Hassia, Hessen, called by the French Hesse, is a Province of Germany; honored with the Title of a Landtgrave or Marquisate, which is a Provincial Earldom. It lies in the Higher Circle of the Rhine; between Westphalia to the North; Westerwaldt, and Weteraw to the West; Franconia to the South; Thuringe, and the Dukedom of Brunswick to the East. The chief Cities and Towns in it are Cassel, Hirschfeldt, Marpurgh, Smalkalden, and Ziegenheim. Princes of its own have possessed it ever since 1263. It is fruitful in Corn, Pasturage, Woods, Mines, and Game. This Country took its Name from the Hessi, who Conquering the Chatti, its old Inhabitants, changed the old Name. From East to West it ex∣tends it self thirty three German Miles, in length from North to South twenty three. Converted to the Christian Faith by Winifrid, or Boniface, an English Saxon, about 730.

Hasnon, a Monastery in Artois.

Haspaam, Haspahamum, Aspahamum, or Hispa∣ham, the Royal City of the Kingdom of Persia, in the Province of Hierach; where the Sophy or King of Persia, resides. Very great, rich, populous, and daily growing greater. The King has here a most magnificent Palace: there belong to it three very large Suburbs. Some think the ancient Name was Hecatompylon; others, Aspa. The Kings of Persia have resided here near an hundred years: and that is it that hath given it this great increase. It stands up∣on the River Zenderoud, or Zenderu; which ariseth from the Mountain of Dimavend, and divides this City into two parts; and about five Miles beneath, is swallowed up by the Sands. It lies seventy Ger∣man Miles from Casbin to the South; eighty from Ormus to the North, and a little more from Bagdat to the East. Seated in a Plain, surrounded on all sides, at the distance of about three or four Leagues, with an high Mountain, like an Amphitheatre. Long. 86. 40. Lat. 32. 26. The Province of Hierach, in which it stands, was the ancient Parthia. This City with the Suburbs, is about eight German Miles in compass; and has twelve Gates: whereof there are but nine constantly open; it has about eighteen thou∣sand Houses, and five hundred thousand Inhabitants. The Walls and Bastions are of Brick; but ill built, ill kept, and out of repair; so that they are of no use, to secure the City. Upon the River there is a lovely Stone Bridge. This City was taken and de∣stroyed twice by Tamerlane; and about 1450, suf¦fered much from one of its own Princes. The Mosques, the Bazar, (or Market Place,) the Baths, great Mens Houses and Gardens, are the great Ornaments of it. Some of the great Houses with their Gardens, take up twenty Acres of Ground: these Gardens they adorn with Fountains, Flowers, fine Walks, and delicate Rows of Trees, both for Shades and Fruits. So that the far greatest part of this vast City is taken up by Gardens; and not peopled like ours. I have taken this short Account out of Olearius, (who in 1637, was in this City;) and Thevenot, who travelled this Kingdom since.

Hasbengow. See Hasbaigne.

Hassio Porto, Heraclea, a Town in the Lesser Asia in Caria; between Miletum, and the Mouth of the Maeander, (now Madre;) thirty Miles from Ephesus to the South.

Hastings, Othona, the first of the Cinque Ports, in the County of Sussex; consisting of two Streets, extended in length from North to South; having in each of them a Parish Church: seated between a high Clift to the Seaward, and an Hill to the Land, upon a small Brook on the South side of it; five Miles West of Winchelsey, and near the Eastern Borders of this County. It hath had a great Castle upon the Hill, which commanded it; but this is now ruined, and instead of it stands a Light-House to guide the Sea∣men. This and the other Cinque Ports, its Mem∣bers, was to send the King twenty one Ships: each of which to have twenty one tall Men in it; who were bound to appear upon forty days Summons, and to serve fifteen days at their own Charge: but if the King desired them longer, he was to pay to the Ma∣ster and Constable Six-pence the Day, and to each Mariner three pence. The Harbor here was made by a Pere of Timber; which being destroyed by the ra∣ging Seas in 1578, Queen Elizabeth granted a Con∣tribution for the Repairing of it: but the Money was misimployed, and the Work neglected; so that the Trade and Fishery of this place is since that time much decayed. The Honorable Theophilus Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon, is Baron of Hastings. This Title be∣ing given to Sir William Hastings, his Predecessor, by Edward the Fourth, in the second year of his Reign. This Corporation Elects two Members of Parliament.

Hatfield Bishops, a Market Town in Hartford∣shire in the Hundred of Broadwater, upon the River Lea. Adorn'd with a stately Palace, call'd Hatfield House, now in the Possession of the Earls of Salisbu∣ry, but heretofore belonging to the King.

Hatfield Broadoke, a Market Town in the Coun∣ty of Essex, and the Hundred of Harlow, upon the River Touridge.

Havage. See Meroë.

La Havana, or S. Christoval de la Havana, a fa∣mous Sea-Port in the Isle of Cuba, in the Bay of Mexico, in the West-Indies; very great, and fortified to the utmost that Art and Expence can arise to: seated at the North End of the Island, over against the Cape of Florida: being the Harbor to which all the Fleets from Spain direct their Course. Here they unlade their European Merchandises; here they take in the Plate, and other Riches of the Spanish West-Indies, in order to their Transportation into Europe: so that it is one of the most frequented Ports in the West-Indies. Whilst all this Wealth passeth and re∣passeth through it, much of it must stick: so that it is become very rich and populous. The Spaniards have built a strong Castle, and setled here a Governor, and a good Garrison of Spaniards. Yet notwithstand∣ing all this Care and Charge, the Buccaneers a few

years since, with a small number of Ships under Spa∣nish Colours, surprized and plundered this place; and made the Inhabitants pay a vast Ransome to preserve it from being burnt. It lies in Long. 292. 10. Lat. 20. 00.

Havant, a Market Town in the County of South∣ampton and the Hundred of Bosmere.

Havaspeude, Dacia Alpestris.

Havelburgh, Havelburgum, Havelberga, a small City in the Circle of the Lower Saxony, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Maegdeburgh: it stands in Prignitz, a Territory in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh, upon the River Havel, which one Mile lower falls into the Elbe; ten Miles from Maeg∣deburgh to the North, and twelve from Berlin to the West. The Bishops of this Diocese have imbraced the Augustane Confession ever since 1556.

Haverford West, a Market Town and Corporation in Pembrokeshire in Wales, which elects one Parlia∣ment man.

Haverill, a Market Town in the County of Suf∣folk in the Hundred of Risbridg, not far from the head of the River Stower.

Havessen, Cimmeriorum Populi, a Province in Georgia, upon the Caspian Sea, as Ortelius conjectures from the Description of Haiton the Armenian. But not being called by this Name by our later Travellers, it can be no further described here.

Havre de Grace, Portus Gratiae, a strong Sea-Port Town in Normandy in France, which has a well fortified Castle, and an excellent Haven. Seated at the Mouth of the Seyne, in the Païs de Caux; eigh∣teen Leagues beneath Roan to the West, fifteen from Caudebec, and almost twenty from Dieppe to the South; upon the Shoars of the British Seas, over a∣gainst Shorham in Sussex. This Town was in 1563. put into the hands of Q. Elizabeth, by the Protestants of France, (then ingaged in War against their King,) as a Cautionary Place: a Peace was soon after conclu∣ded, without any regard taken of that Princess, or her Interest, by those she succoured. And not contented with this, both Parties joyning against the English, then commanded by the Earl of Warwick, besieged the Town; which being surrounded with Enemies without, and wasted by the Plague within, was forced in a short time to surrender to the French. It is now one of the Keys of that Kingdom.

Haut-Combe, a Village in the Principality of Sa∣voy, one League distant from Bellay; where there is an Abbey of Cistercians, and a remarkable Fountain, which twice in an hour ebbs and flows.

Haut-Riue, Alta-Ripa, a Town in Languedoc, upon the River Auriege [Alburacis;] which ariseth in de Foix, from the Pyrenean Hills, and falls into the Guaronne, four Miles from Tolouse to the South.

Haux, Halla. See Hall in Hainault.

Hawkeshead, a Market Town in Lancashire and the Hundred of Loynsdale, in a hilly and wooddy Country.

Hay, a Market Town in the County of Brecknock in Wales in the Hundred of Talgarth.

La Haye, Haga Com. See Hague.

Haye du Routol, Haga Brotona, a Village in the Forest of Routal in France.

La Haye en Touraine, Haga Turonica, a Town in Touraine, upon the River [Crausia] Creuse; ten Leagues from Tours to the South, in the Confines of Poictou; three Miles from Noyers to the East; where the Creuse falls into the Vienne. This Town gave Birth to des Cartes, the famous modern Philosopher, who died at Stockholm in Sweden, in 1650. And it is besides remark'd with the Title of a Barony.

Hay••sham, A Market Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Bulmer.

Haynan or Hainan, an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Quangtung in China, abounding with fine Woods, Forests, and Fruits, and Mines of Gold and Silver. Its capital City is Kiuncheu, which with twelve other Cities lying upon the Sea Coast belongs to the Emperor of China, whilst the inland parts re∣main under the possession of the Natives. Upon the Northern Coast of this Island they find much Pearl.

Hayne. See Haisne.

Haynburgh, by corruption Hamburgh, Comage∣num, a small Town in the Lower Austria, on the Confines of Hungary, upon the Danube; six German Miles from Vienna to the East, and three from Pres∣burg West: near which are the Mountains of K••••n∣berg, called heretofore Comagenus Mons. This Town is remarkable for nothing but its Antiquity, having been a Roman Town.

Hea, a Province of the Kingdom of Morocco in Barbary, bounded by the River Ecifelmeli to the East, the Mountain Atlas to the South, and the Oce∣an to the North and West.

Headon or Heydon, an antient Borough Town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Holder∣ness, upon a small River near its fall into the Humber, and a few Miles East of Hull, whose rise has occasi∣oned the decay of this place. It has the Election of two Parliament Men.

Hebal or Ebal, a Mountain of Palestine in the Tribe of Ephraim, from whence Joshua pronounced a multitude of Curses upon the Violaters of the Jewish Law: Some make it to be but a part of Mount Gerizim.

Hebrides, the same with the Ebudae.

Hebron, an antient and famous City of the Holy Land, in the Tribe of Juda, near to which the Patri∣arch Abraham did abide. It was the Capital of the Country of the Philistines: and afterwards taken by Joshua and given to Caleb his General. David, reti∣ring to it after the death of Saul, came to be elected King here and made it his residence seven years, till the taking of Jerusalem. It had the honour to be ad∣vanced to an Episcopal See, when Christianity was re∣established in Palestine; but now almost ruined.

Hecatompylis; a Name antiently given to the Cities Thebes, Haspaam, &c. from their having 100 Gates.

Hec••a, a burning Mountain in Island, near the Ci∣ty Schalholt, in the South part of the Isle. The Natives call it, one of the mouths of Hell. It vomits Floods and Rivers of Fire like Aetna and Vesuvius, notwith∣ing its nearness to the Polar Circle.

Hegow, Hegovia, a small Territory in the Circle of Schwaben; between the Lake of Zell, or the Zeller Sea to the East; and Schwartzwaldt, or the Black Wood to the West: not above six German Miles in length. In part under the House of Austria, and in part under the Duke of Brandenburgh.

Heidelburgh, Edelberga, Budoris, Heidelberga. The chief City of the Palatinate of the Rhine; seated in a Plain at the foot of an Hill upon the River Necker, which is covered here with a woodden Bridge. This is a great, well peopled place; and the usual Residence of the Elector Palatine, who has here a noble and magnificent Castle, built upon an Hill. It stands three Miles from Spires to the North-East, ten from Franck∣fort upon the Main to the South, and twenty from Ʋlm to the North-West. Said to be a Fee of the Bishoprick of Worms; and that it was granted to Lewis Count Palatine, in 1225. by Henry Bishop of VVorms. Robert Count Palatine, afterwards Emperor in 1392. (as Marquardus Freherus saith) much enlarged it; and joined the Village of Berghimb to it, as a Suburb. Rupertus Count Palatine, in 1346. opened here an Uni∣versity, and endowed it with great Privileges. In 1622 this City was taken by the Spaniards, and plundered: and the Noble Library, which the Princes Palatine had collected, was sent to Rome. In the long Swedish War, it was taken, and retaken several times; till at last in 1649. by the Treaty of Munster, it was re∣stored to its former Master. In 1688. October 25.

both the City and Castle were surrendred to the French. This City is supposed to be the Budoris of Ptolemy; and was in ancient times the Seat of the Vangiones.

Heiden, Heida, a Town in Holstein.

Heidenheim, Ara Flavia, a Town in Schwaben.

Her••a, Hela, a Town in Prussia Polonica, upon the Bay of Pautzkerwick, almost encompassed by the Baltick Sea: It stands four German Miles from Dantzick to the North; burnt in 1572. by an acci∣dental Fire, but since rebulit.

Heilichlandt, Actania, Saxonum Insula, a small Island belonging to the Duke of Holstein; six Miles from the Shoars of Dithmarsh to the West. Here∣tofore four German Miles in Compass: but in 800. a great part of it perished by a Tempest; and in 1300, another part of what was left before, was swallowed up by the Ocean, which in its Rage sometimes casts away Islands like common Vessels. It consists now but of one single Parish.

Heilsberg, a Town in the Regal Prussia, upon the River Alle; which has a Castle: Seated in the Territo∣ry of Ermelandt, or Warmerland: The Bishop of which Province resides in it: eight German Miles from Re∣gensperg to the South. Built in 1240.

Heis, Hericus, Herue, an Island on the Coast of Poictou, near the Confines of Bretagne.

Heitersheim, or Haitersheim, a small Town in the Province of Brisgow in Germany, in which the Grand Prior of the Order of Malta for Germany (who is a Prince of the Empire) ordinarily resides.

The Island of S. Helen, is seated in the Atlan∣tick Ocean, in 16 deg. of Southern Lat. Discover'd by Joannes de Nova, a Portuguese, in 1502. on S. Helen's Day. It is thirteen Miles in Compass, and lies at a vast distance from all other Lands; between Africa to the East, and Brasil to the West, nearer the for∣mer. It is mountainous, but fruitful, and abounds with what is useful for the Life of Man, except Wheat. It has four Valleys, and as many Springs towards its North end. For a long time it lay open to the Benefit of all Mankind; but about twenty years since, the English settled a Colony here, which is become exceed∣ing numerous.

Helicona, Helicon, a Mountain in Baeotia, (now called Stramulipa,) near Parnassus, if not a Part of it: Sacred to the Muses of old, thence entituled He∣liconides, and much celebrated by the Greek and Latin Poets. In it was the Sepulchre of Orpheus the Fountains of Hippocrene and Aganippe: Near it were the Cities of Thespia, Ascra, and Nissa, now Zagaya. There was also a River in Sicily so called, which is now the Olivero on the North side of that Island: And another in Macedonia, now the Faribo.

Heliopolis, an ancient City of the Kingdom of E∣gypt, near Cairo, to the East. It received this Name from a stately Temple there, that was dedicated to the Sun. The Arabians called it, Ain Schemes, i. e. the Eye of the Sun. Now nothing but the Ruines is ex∣tant of it. § There were two other Cities of the same Name in the days of Antiquity; one in Phaenicia, and one in Cilicia, in the Lesser Asia; both of them Episco∣pal Sees: The first under the Patriarch of Constantino∣ple; the second, Antioch. § Also a City of the Ʋp∣per Saxony in the Marquisate of Brandenburg in Ger∣many; built by Charles M. and now called Sotwedel, i. e. the Valley of the Sun. There had been a Statue dedicated to the Sun, and venerated here, in the Pa∣gan Times.

Hellespont, the Famous Streights betwixt Europe and Asia, now called the Streights of Gallipoli, or the Dardanelles, and the Arm of S. George. It was here that Xerxes whipt the Sea, and after his Loss of the Battle of Thermopylae, escaped to Abydos, out of a Storm, in a Fishermans Skiff.

Helmechtmenich, Gedrosia, a Province of the Kingdom of Persia.

Helmesley, a Market Town in the North-Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Ridal, upon a small River which afterwards falls into the Derwent.

Helmont, Helmontium, a Town of Brabant, which has a very ancient Castle; and is the Capital of Kem∣perland under the Ʋnited Provinces: It lies in the middle between Boisleduc to the West, and Roermond to the East; six Miles from the latter, and six from Nimeguen to the South.

Helmstad, Helmestadium, Hemopolis, a small and inconsiderable Town in Germany, under the Duke of Brunswick Wolffenbuttel, ever since 1490. having before that been subject to its Abbot. It stands in the Confines of the Dukedom of Brunswick; between Brunswick to the West, and Magdeburg to the East; upon the River Aller: six German Miles from Wolf∣fenbuttel to the East, eleven from Hildesheime to the North-East, and five from Halberstad to the North. Julius Duke of Brunswick opened here an University in 1576. which from him is called Academia Julia.

Helmstad, a strong Sea-Port Town in the Province of Hallandt, on the Baltick Sea, towards the Borders of Scannia; which by a Treaty in 1645. was yielded to the Swedes.

Helsingford, Helsingfordia, a small City of Nyland (a part of Finland) upon the Shoars of the Bay of Finland; where it receives the River Wanda, over against Revel, in Long. 43. 45 Lat. 60. 10.

Helsinglandt, Helsinga, a Province of Sweden; between Dalecarl to the West, Jemplandt and Midle∣pad to the North, and the Baltick Sea to the East: the principal Town of which is Hadswickwalt.

Helson, a Borough Town in the County of Corn∣wall, in the Hundred of Kerryer, which elects two Parliament Men.

Hemia, Amisus, a City of Paphlagonia, in the Lesser Asia; called Amid and Hemid by the Turks, and Simiso by the Greeks: It is an Archbishop's See, built on the Shoars of the Euxine, an hundred Miles from Sinope to the East; upon the Outlet of the River Casalmach, which comes from Amasia; twenty Ger∣man Miles South of Hemid, or Simiso, as it is called in the Maps.

Hemid, or Cara-Hemid, Amida, a City of Meso∣potamia, which now gives Name to that Country, it be∣ing the Capital of it, and is called Diarbeck from this City. It is a great and populous City, the Seat of a Turkish Governor, and of a Christian Archbishop. It stands from Arziri, a City of the Lesser Armenia to the South-East, an hundred and twenty Miles; from Aleppo to the East, sixty. See Caraemit. Long. 78. 15. Lat. 39. 30.

Hempsted, a Market-Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Dacor.

Hemz, Emisa, Emessa, a City of Syria, called Haman by the Turks, Kemps by Postellus; which is an Archbishop's See under the Patriarch of Antioch, upon the River Orontes, (which passeth by Antioch,) forty three Miles from Damascus to the North, eighty from Antioch to the East, and about sixty from Pal∣myria to the West. It is a pretty Town, walled with black and white Stone half a Pike high: it had for∣merly a Dike, now filled with Rubbish: It has twenty five Towers, six Gates, and five Churches. The chief Church was built by S. Helen; and was in the Hands of the Chistians till about 160 years agone. On the South it has a Castle, not taken from the Christians without much Bloodshed, and therefore left to be rui∣ned. See M. Thevenot, part 1. pag. 223. and Haman.

Henley, a Market-Town in Oxfordshire, in the Hundred of Binfield, upon the River Thames, over

which it has a fair Bridge. This Town drives a great Trade of Malt. § There is another Henly in War∣wickshire, in the Hundred of Barlickway, upon the River Alne, called Henley in Arden for Distinction from the Precedent.

Henneberg, an ancient Castle in the Circle of Fran∣conia in Germany, seven Leagues from Schweinfurt, and eight from Fuld, upon a Rock, at the Foot whereof passes the River Strew. This Castle gives Name to one of the most considerable Counties in Ger∣many: which is bounded on the East and North by Thuringia, on the West by Hassia, and on the South by the Diocese of Wurtzburgh; being in length from East to West almost two days Journey. The Emperor Maximilian II. erected it into a Principality, which Title, in 1583. passed into the House of Saxony.

Hennebont, Hannebon, Hannebontum, a ancient Town upon the River Blavet, (which falls into the Sea near Port Louis,) in the South of Bretagne in France; four Leagues from the Shoars of the Sea, and three from the said Port; thirty two Miles from Ren∣nes to the South-West, and ten from Vennes to the North-West. Heretofore very strongly fortified, but now neglected. It has a very fair Church.

Hensterberg, Cetius, a Mountain of Austria; which begins in the Lower Austria at the Danube, three Miles from Vienna to the West, and running South through Stiria and Carinthia, ends at the Drave; being called in different Countries by various Names.

Heppen, Apianum, a Castle in the Bishoprick of Trent.

Herac, Petra, a City of Arabia Deserta, called Rabath in the Scriptures. It was in the latter times an Archbishop's See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem, having before been under the Patriarch of Alexandria. It stands in the Confines of Palestine, upon the Brook Zareth. Long. 66. 45. Lat. 30. 20.

Heracaian, the same with Kherman.

Herachia, Heratia, a small Island in the Archipe∣lago, East of Scinusa, and not far from Heraclea in Thrace.

Heraclia, Heraclea, a City in Thrace, called Ʋrbs Herculea in Claudian, Perinthus by Ptolemy, and be∣fore Mygdonia, now frequently Araclea. It is an Archbishop's See under the Patriarch of Constantino∣ple; at the first its Superior, and the Metropolis of Thrace it self; so that the Bishop of Byzantium, was a Suffragan to the Bishop of Heraclea. Severus the Emperor finding the City of Byzantium, (now Con∣stantinople,) in the Hands of Pescennius Niger, his Rival, in 194. besieged it; and having taken it after a Siege of three Years, dismantled, burnt and ruin'd it; and gave all its Lands to the City of Heraclea, which from thenceforth was advanced above Byzan∣tium; and continued so, till Constantine built Constan∣tinople, in the beginning of the IV. Century. The Bi∣shop of Heraclea became by this means superior to the Bishop of Byzantium. But Heraclea is now in a decay∣ing Condition, thus described by Mr. Wheeler. This Town hath a good Harbour, whose Mouth lieth East of it, turning about so, that it maketh a Peninsula. The Town lieth in the Neck of this, having the Sea on one side and the Port on the other; which Port is five Miles in Circumference. There appeared great plenty of Marble Antiquities, broken and scattered about by the unregarding Turks. Amongst the rest, I found one Inscription dedicated to Severus their great Benefactor. A poor Place it is, but an Archbishops See for all that; and the Cathedral one of the best now standing in Turky. In it, Sir Edward Guitts, one of the Embassadors of England, lies buried; who died here before his Return; upon whose Tomb is a Greek Inscription. This City lies 52 Miles from Con∣stantinople to the West, and seventy from Gallipoli to the North-West. Here••o••r•• a great many Cities in Greece, Asia, Egypt, and Italy, have born the same Name of Heraclea; but they are all ruined or changed into such distant Names, as that this Place belongs no now to them.

Herbauges, Herbadilia, an old ruined City not far from Nantes, in the Confines of Bretagne and Poictou; mentioned in the Lives of the Saints.

Herberstein, a Barony in the Province of Carinthia in Germany.

Herbipoli. See Wurtaburg.

Herborne, Herborna, a small Town in Wester∣walt, in the County of Dillemburgh; which is an U∣niversity, or rather has a College founded in it, by John Count of Dillemburgh, in 1585. It stands four German Miles from Marpurg to the West, and three from Gissen, or Giessen.

Herck, Archa, a Town or Castle in the Bishoprick of Leige, in the Confines of Brabant; in the middle between Maestricht to the East, and Lovain to the West. § There is also a River called the Herck, which flowing by Tongren, or Tongres, and this Castle of Herck, falls into the Demer [Demera] one Mile above Bardiest.

Herklens, Herculis Castra, a Town of Guel∣derland.

Hereford, Herefordia, Ariconium, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Canterbury, upon the River Wye, on the Borders of South Wales, beyond the Severn; which grew up out of the Ruins of Ariconi∣um, an old Roman Town not far from it. Camden saith▪ of old it was called Ferulega or the Forest. S. Ethelbert King of the East-Angles was slain here by Offa King of the Mercians, who invited him to his Court to Marry his Daughter; and by the malicious Instigation of Quenred his Queen, did this base Act, about 749. After which the East-Angles continued under the Mercians seventy seven Years. The Prince being e∣steemed a Martyr, there was a Church built to his Ho∣nour, and a Bishoprick established in it. In 1055. it was burnt by the Welsh, but soon after rebuilt and fortified: Yet it was very small at the time of the Conquest, not having above an hundred Men within and without. The Normans built here a very strong Castle, (now ruined,) and walled the City. Reinelm the Bishop built part of the Cathedral, in the Reign of Henry I. whose Successors built the rest, and the Close. Its Long. is 20. 24. Lat. 52. 06. The first Bishop was Putta, placed here in 680. Reinelm the XXX. in Order, succeeded in 1107. and sat eight Years. In the year 673. Theodore Archbishop of Canterbury held a Council here. There are six Gates for Entrance into it, and fifteen Watch-Towers.

Herefordshire, Silures, by the Welsh called Eri∣nuck, is of an Oval Form. Bounded on the East with Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, on the South with Monmouthshire, on the West with Radnorshire and Brecknock, and on the North with Shropshire. It is a pleasant fruitful County, abounding with all things necessary for the Life of Man: They have a Proverb; that as to the three W's, that is, VVheat, VVool, and VVater, it is equal to any County in England. The VVye, Lug, and Munow, after they have fertilized the various Parts of this County, meet below Monmouth; and pass in one Channel into the Severn, near Chepstow. William Fitz-Osborn was created Earl of Hereford by William the Conqueror, in the first year of his Reign, Anno Christi 1066. Henry de Bohun (descended from the former Earls, in 1199) his Posterity in seven Descents enjoyed it till 1371. Henry of Bullingbrook succeeded (as Duke of Hereford) in the Right of Mary his Wife, Daugh∣ter of Humfrey de Bohun the last Earl of that Family,

in 1398. In 1547. Walter d' Eureux, descended from the Bouchiers and Bohuns, was created Viscount of this County. Leicester d' Eureux the present Possessour is the eighth in this Line; and a Minor.

Heren, Carrhae, a City in Mesopotamia, called Heren, or Harran by the Turks: It was a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Edessa at first; but afterwards it became the Metropolis it self: Seated in the Pro∣vince of Diarbeck, near the River Chabor; forty Miles from Edessa, sixty from Euphrates to the East. The Tartars under Tamberlane, treated this City with great Cruelty: since that it has been in a declining condi∣tion, and now not much inhabited. It is mentioned several times in the Holy Scriptures upon the account of Abraham's sojourning, and burying his Father Terah here, before he went into the Land of Canaan, (Gen. 11. 31. Acts 7. 4.) in which last place it is called Charran in Mesopotamia. And by Pliny, and Ptolemy, Charrae. Its Long. is 73. 20. Lat. 36. 10.

Heresbach, a Town in the Diocese of Cleves in Germany.

Heri, Aria, a Province in Persia, in Asia; more commonly called Hera or Herat; it has a City and a River of the same Name. This River, in the later Maps called Pulimoilon, riseth out of the Mountains of Cassubi; and washing the Walls of this City on all sides (it standing in an Island) falls into the Lake of Burgian. The City is called Ser-heri; in Long. 100. 13. and Lat 36. 20. Ninety German Miles West of Candahar, one hundred and twenty South-East of the Caspian. The Roses of this Pro∣vince are thought the best in the World. The Pro∣vince of Heri is a part of that of Chorasan; which is one of the most rich, fertile and populous Provinces in all Persia. In the City of Heri are made the best Persian Tapestries: on which, and other accounts, it is much frequented by the Indians, who must pass through it in their way to Persia. See Olearius his Travels.

Herit, Adramitae, a Province in Arabia the happy.

Herma, or Erma, a City of Galatia, called Ger∣ma, or Therma, by the ancient Geographers; and now sometimes Germaste. It stands in the Confines of Bithynia and Phrygia; upon the River [Sagari∣um] Sacrio; where it falls into the Casilirnach, which falls into the Euxine Sea at Cagani, twenty one German Miles East of Scutari. This City is placed thirty six German Miles East of Bursia. Now an Archbishop's See. Long. 60. 10. Lat. 42. 25.

Hermanstad, Cibinium, a City in Transylvania, commonly by the Inhabitants called Seben and Ze∣ben; by the Italians Cibinio; by the Germans Her∣manstad. The Capital of that Dukedom; the Seat of the Prince: a great, populous, strong, well-built City; seated in a Plain upon the River [Cibinium] Cibin, which a little lower falls into the Aluta. The Inhabitants are Saxons: it stands fifteen Miles from Clausemberg to the East, and eight from Alba Julia. A Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Colocza; though there is now no Bishop of it. The late Duke of Lorrain, of famous Memory, in November 1687. put into this place a Garrison of three thousand Impe∣rialists, by the agreement of Prince Abafti, (then Prince of Transylvania,) to enjoy the same for their Winter Quarters.

Hermanstein, or Erenbreitstein, Eremberti lapis, a Castle in the Bishoprick of Trier in Germany, upon the Rhine, near its Confluence with the Moselle, standing on a Rock that is on all sides inaccessible: which makes it one of the strongest in Germany. It sustained a long Siege in the year 1637. and could only at last be taken by Famine.

Hermanville, a place near Calais in France.

Herndall, Herndalia, a part of Norway on this side the Mountains of Norway; by the Province of Jemplandt; on which depends Nomedale, Hellege∣landt, Frostein, Inder, Heroa, and some others; which, together with it, were yielded to the Swedes in 1645. by the Danes.

Herou, Heropolis, a City of Egypt, near the bot∣tom of the Red Sea; ninety miles from Damiata to the South-East, about thirty five English Miles from Sues to the West, and sixty from the next Shoar of the Mediterranean to the South. Mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy. Its Long. 63. 30. Lat. 29. 50.

Herstal, Heristel or Haristal, a Town upon the Maes, near Liege in Westphalia, adorned heretofore with a magnificent Palace, built by Pepin King of France, who resided so frequently at it, that in the French History he is sirnamed Pepin of Heristel. This Palace was afterwards destroyed by the Nor∣mans.

Hersteld, a City in the Circle of Westphalia in Ger∣many, upon the River Weser, belonging to the Bi∣shops of Paderborne since the year 1608. The Peo∣ple of Paderborne conspiring once against their Bishop, the Episcopal See was removed from Paderborne hi∣ther, which was re-established at Paderborne again in 799. Charles the Great also resided here some con∣siderable time.

Hertford, Durocobriva, a Town in a County of the same name, in the South of England, upon the River Lea or Ligean, as the Saxons called it, which runs through it: In 607. here was a Synod. Now (saith Mr. Cambden) it is not very populous, yet for its Antiquity it deserves-regard. It has given Name to this County, and is reputed the Shire-Town. It has a Castle, built (as some think) by Edward the Elder; enlarged by the Family De Clare, to whom it belonged, as Earls of Hertford, in the times of Henry II. and King Stephen. Afterwards it belonged to the Crown: Edward III. granted it to John of Gaunt his Son, then Earl of Richmond, and after Duke of Lancaster.

Hertfordshire, Herfordiae Comitatus, Cattieu∣chlani, hath on the North Cambridgeshire; on the West Bedfordshire, and Buckinghamshire; on the South Middlesex, and on the East Essex: it is very fruitful as to Corn and Pasture; has plenty of Woods, and Groves; and for great Towns and Rivers, it may vye with most Counties in England, considering its bigness. This County had first for Earls or Mar∣quesses, the Family De Clare; who for seven Descents between 1139. and 1314. enjoyed this Title. Being extinguished, Henry VIII. in 1537. created Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp, Earl of Hertford; who afterward in 1551. was made Duke of Sommer∣set, being the fourteenth Earl, and seventh of his Fa∣mily, who hath born this amongst other Titles of Honour.

Hertogenraiad, Rodia Ducis, a Town in Hol∣land.

Hertzogthumb, in the High Dutch signifies a Dukedom, and is frequently used by them. So Hertzogthumb Bremen, is the Dukedom of Bre∣men. Hertzogthumb Ferden, is the Dukedom of Ferden.

Heruli, an ancient People of the Country now called the Dukedom of Meckleburg, in the Lower Sa∣xony, in Germany, towards the Baltick Sea; who established themselves in Italy in the fifth Century, and were of the number of those Barbarians that formed their States upon the ruin of the Roman Empire. Odoacer their King dispossessed Augustulus in the year 476. and having reigned about seventeen years, he was slain by Theodorick King of the Ostro∣goths. The Emperor Justinian granted them Lands

to cultivate: whereupon they not only gave them∣selves entirely to him, but became Christians: and Gethesius their King was baptized in 528. Till this Conversion, their Customs were to offer Men in Sacrifices to their Gods, to kill the sick and aged, to oblige Wives not to survive their Husbands, and to indulge themselves in every voluptuousness.

Hervorden, Hervordia, a City in VVestphalia, in the County of Ravensberg; once an Imperial and Free City, governed by its own Magistrates: but in 1647. taken by the Duke of Brandenburg, as Count of Ra∣vensberg, of which this was pretended to be a Mem∣ber. In 1673. it was retaken by the French; and soon after deserted, and restored to that Duke. It stands ten German Miles from Munster to the East, five from Minden. There is in it a Nunnery, the Ab∣bess of which is a Princess of the Empire.

Herzegovina, Arcegovina, Chulmia, Zachulmia, Ducatus S. Sabae, a Province in Servia; called by the Turks Caratze-dag-ili, that is, the Black VVood; by the Inhabitants, Herzegovina; by the French Le Duché de Saint Saba. It is the upper part of the Kingdom of Bosnia; lying upon Dalmatia towards the West and South; the principal Town in it, is S. Saba. This was heretofore under Dukes of its own, of the Family of Cossa in Venice.

Hesdin, or Hesdin-Fert, Hesdinum, Hedena, a fortified Town in the Borders of Artois; upon the River Chanche [Quantia,] which falls into the Bri∣tish Sea below Staple to the North. Built by the Spaniards in 1554. in the place where the Village of Mesnil formerly stood, as a Fort against the French; who have several times since taken it; till in 1659. by the Pyrenean Treaty it was yielded to them. It is seated in a Morass, eight Miles from Ab∣bevill to the North.

Heserwaldt, a Forest in the Dukedom of Cleves.

Hesperia, the Name of Spain and Italy amongst some ancient Geographers.

Hessen. See Hassia.

Hessi, the People of Hessen, or Hassia; which drove out the Chatti, and possessed their Land.

Heszgang, the Cataracts of the Danube in Austria, beneath Lentz.

Hethy, Ocetis, one of the Isles of Orkney; cal∣led also Hoy.

Hetland, the same with Shetland, another of those Isles.

Hetruria, a large Country in the ancient division of Italy: lying betwixt the Tyber, the Apennine Mountains, the Tyrrhenian Sea; and separated from Liguria by the River Macra, now Magra. It was like∣wise called Thuscia: The present Toscana, or Pro∣vince of Tuscany, containing the greatest part of it.

Heu, Itis, the same with Assin, a small River in Ross, in the North-West part of Scotland.

Hexamili, Isthmus Corinthiacus, that Neck of Land which joins the Morea to the rest of Greece; called thus, because it is six Miles over. This Passage has been attempted to be cut through, to make the Morea an Island, by Demetrius, Julius Caesar, Cali∣gula, Nero; and after, by Herodes Atticus, a private Person. These all failing, it was walled against the Turks by a Grecian Emperour in 1413. By the Ve∣netians in 1224. Amurath II. threw down this Wall in 1463. Mahomet II. in 1465. intirely ruined it, though the Venetians had spared neither labour nor charge, to fortifie and strengthen it; making to the Wall one hundred and thirty six Towers, and three Castles. In 1687. the Venetians cast out the Turks again, and are possessed of it. See Morea.

Herham, a Market Town in the County of Nor∣thumberland, in Tindale Ward, upon the River Tyne, and the South side of the River Trent. This has been anciently a place of great account. For in the Infancy of the Saxon Church, we read in Bede, it was an Episcopal See, with the Title of Episcopus Ha∣gulstadiensis, in the Person of S. Eata (the fifth Bishop of Landisfarne, and the first of Hexham); to whom afterwards succeeded nine others, till the fury of the Danes discontinued it, and the Jurisdiction was annexed to the See of York. King Henry VIII. removed it from that See, to the County of Northum∣berland, whereby it became annexed to the Bishop∣rick of Durham. The Church here was scarce infe∣riour to any in England, before the Scots pulled a great part of it down. It is fourteen Miles from New∣castle to the East, and hath claimed the privilege of be∣ing a County Palatine.

Heydon. See Headen.

Heyssant, an Island upon the Coast of Bretagne in France.

Hiamuen, a strong Town in the Province of Fo∣kien in China, in a near adjacent Island, to the South of Ganhay; from whence the Merchandises of China are transported into the Indies and the Philippine Islands. It is a considerable Place, as well for its Buildings, as its Commerce; yet the Chinese give it but the Name of a Fort, because it is a Garrison.

Hichan, the same with Chios, an Island in the Me∣diterranean.

Hickling, a Market Town in the County of Nor∣folk, in the Hundred of Happing.

Hidro, a Mountain in Otranto in Italy.

Hielmeer, a Lake in Sweden, between the Pro∣vinces of Suderman, and Neritia.

Hierapolis, an ancient Archiepiscopal City of Sy∣ria. The See was subject to the Patriarch of Anti∣och. Also called Bambyca. § There was a second in the Province now called Germian, or Phrygia Ma∣jor, in the Lesser Asia: which was likewise an Archi∣episcopal See under the same Patriarch. The Turks call the Ruins of this latter (yet extant) Bam∣boukale.

Hieres, Olbia, Area, a small Town upon the Coast of Provence in France, two Leagues from Thoulon; which communicates its Name to those Islands in the Mediterranean, over against it, called the Hieres. This was an ancient Colony of the Peo∣ple of Marseilles, who then gave it the Name of Olbia, from the Happiness of the Soil it stands in; and be∣ing afterwards changed to Area, it thence came to be called Hieres. Charles I. King of Jerusalem and Earl of Provence, purchased it of the Viscounts of Marseilles; being heretofore one of the strongest Garrisons on the Coast of Provence, and the ordinary place of embarquation for the Pilgrims to the Holy Land. It has been adorned with a Collegiate Church ever since 1572.

Hiero-Caesarea, an ancient City of Doris in the Lesser Asia, so called in honour of Caesar; before, Hierapolis. Tacitus reckons it amongst the twelve Towns, to which being in a great part all ruined by an Earthquake in one night, Caesar remitted their Tribute, for five years, to recompence their loss. There stood a celebrated Temple here, dedicated by Cyrus to Diana.

L'Hiesmois, Oximensis Pagus, a Territory in Normandy, which takes its Name from Hiesmes, a Town in Normandy; sixteen Miles from Caen to the South-East, and eighteen from Mans to the North.

Higham-Ferris, a Corporation in the County of Northampton, which has the Election of two Par∣liament-men. The Capital of its Hundred. It stands upon the Eastern banks of the River Nen, with a Bridge over the same, a Free-School, an Alms-house, and anciently a Castle, whose Ruins yet are visible.

Highworth, a Market Town in Wiltshire. The Capital of its Hundred.

Hiind, Indus, the great River in the East-Indies.

Hildesheim, Ascalingium, Hildesia, Hildeshei∣mum, Brennopolis, a City in the Lower Saxony; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mentz, erected by S. Lewis the Emperour: it is seated upon the River Innerste, not above two Miles from the Borders of the Dukedom of Brunswick, se∣ven from Zell to the South, and six from Hamelen to the East. The Bishop being the only Roman Ca∣tholick Bishop in all Saxony, is the Protector of it; which is otherwise a Free Imperial City. § The Bishop∣rick of Hildesheim makes a particular District of it self, about ten or twelve Leagues long, between the Dutchies of Brunswick and Lunenbourgh, and the Principality of Halberstad. In which extent, there are divers Towns following the same Religion.

Himera, an ancient City of the Island of Sicily, so called from its situation at the Mouth of the River Himera, or the modern fiume ai Termine. Hanni∣bal destroyed it about six hundred forty eight years before the coming of Christ: two years after which, the Carthaginians near its Ruins built another, na∣med Thermae Himerae or Thermae Himerenses, from the Hot Baths that were in the place. This is now called Termine. The Poet Stesichorus was a Native of the ancient Himera.

Hinckley, a Market Town in Leicestershire, in the Hundred of Sparkingho.

Hindon, a Corporation in VViltshire, in the Hun∣dred of Mere, which elects two Members of the Lower House.

Hingham, a Market Town in the County of Nor∣folk, in the Hundred of Forehoe.

Hinghoa, a great City of the Province of Fokien in China. The Capital of a Territory of the same Name, commanding one other old City, and divers Towns and Villages. It is beautified with Magnifi∣cent Buildings, and many Triumphant Arches, and Sepulchres.

Hippocrene, a celebrated Fountain in Boeotia in Greece, sacred to the Muses amongst the ancient Poets.

Hippone, Hippo Regius. See Bonne.

Hippopodes, an ancient People, mentioned by Mela, that dwelt about the Scythian Sea; and were fabulously reported to have Horses feet, from nothing but their agility and swiftness in running.

Hirpini, an ancient People of Italy amongst the Samnites, so called from their Capital City Hirpinum, which is now a Village, says Leander, by the Name of l' Arpaia. The farther Principate in the King∣dom of Naples was the Seat and Country of this People.

Hirschfeld, Herofelda, a small Town in Hassia, upon the River Fuld; which had heretofore a cele∣brated Abbey; and was an Imperial Free-Town, un∣der the Jurisdiction of its own Abbot, together with the Territory in which it stands: but is now under the Land••-Grave of Hessen-Cassel, with the Title of a Principality, by the Treaty of Munster. It stands five German Miles from Fuld to the North, and se∣ven from Cassel to the South.

Hispahan. See Haspaam.

Hispaniola, San Domingo and S. Dominique, a great Island belonging to the North America, called by its Natives Ayti. First discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492. The Spaniards afterwards gave it this Name; though it is also commonly called La Saint Domingue, from its principal Town. It is seated in the Bay of Mexico; with Cuba and Jamaica to the West; Porto Rico, and the Caribbe Isles to the East; the Atlantick Ocean on the North; and the Bay of Mexico on the South. It extends from 299 to 307. deg. of Long. being one hundred and forty Spanish Leagues from East to West; sixty in breadth; and four hundred in compass; between eighteen and twenty degrees of Northern Latitude. The Spani∣ards have some Colonies at the East end; the French others at the North-West end towards Cuba. The Air is extreme hot in the Morning; but cooler in the Afternoon, by reason of a constant Sea Brize, which then riseth. The Country is always green; af∣fords most excellent Pasture; the Cattle grow wild for want of Owners, they encrease so prodigiously: Herbs, and Carrots in sixteen days become fit to Eat. It affords Ginger and Suger-Canes in vast abundance, and Corn an hundred fold. It has also Mines of Brass, and Iron; some say, of Silver or Gold. When first discovered, extreamly populous; but the Spani∣ards in a few years destroyed three Millions of Na∣tives; so that now there are very few left. The prin∣pal Town is St. Domingo, built by Bartholomew Co∣lumbus, in 1494. and removed in 1502 to the oppo∣site Shoar of the River Ozama. Whilst the Natives were Masters of this Island, it stood divided into di∣vers petty Provinces, each under the obedience of a distinct Cacique or Prince of their own. The Spa∣niards have cast it into five Cantons; viz. Bainora, Cubaho, Cajaba, Cassimu and Guacayatima. San Domingo stands in Cassimu. In 1586. Sir Francis Drake made a Descent here, took Domingo, and kept it a Month, till the Spaniards redeemed it with their money again.

Histria, Hystereich, Istria, is a County in Italy; which on the East, West, and South, has the Adriatick Sea; and on the North Friuli. It is full of Woods and Quarries; affords Venice (under which it is) Ma∣terials, both for Ships and Houses; but otherwise not comparable to the rest of Italy in point of Fertility; the Air is besides sickly and unwholsom. The compass of it is about two hundred Miles. This Country was conquered by the Venetians first in 938. and finally subdued in 1190. ever since which, they have been under this State; though they have made several attempts to shake off their Yoak, and regain their ancient Liberty.

Hitchin, a Market Town in Hartfordshire. The Capital of its Hundred.

Hoaiching, one of the principal Cities in the Pro∣vince of Honan in the Kingdom of China.

Hodu, the Persian Gulph.

Hoddesdon, a Market Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Hartford, upon the River Lea.

Hoeicheu, a City of the Province of Nanquin, in the South part of it, towards Chekiam; which stands in a Mountainous Country, and has five small Cities under it.

Hoencourt, a Town in the Bishoprick of Cambray, near which the French were defeated in 1642. It lies three German Miles from Cambray to the North-West, and a little less from Arras to the South-West.

Hoentwiel, a Fortress in Schwaben, in Germany; belonging to the Duke of Wirtembergh; seated upon a Rock between the Rivers Schlichaim and Breym, which both fall into the Necker, one above, the other beneath Rotweil. This Castle is seated less than two German Miles from the Danube to the North; and two Miles and an half from the Fountains of the Necker to the East. It stood seven or eight Sieges against the Imperialists; who in one of these (viz. that in 1641.) spent a whole Summer upon it, and at last could not take it.

Hog-Magog-Hilis, a ridge of Hills, two Miles South-Eastward of Cambridge: on the top whereof is seen a Rampier, formerly so strengthened with three Ditches, as to be esteemed almost impregnable.

The same was a Danish Station.

Hohenloe, or Holach, Holachius, an Earldom in Franconia, in the Borders of Schwaben, by the River Cochar; between the Marquisate of Anspach, and the Dukedom of Wirtemberg; under its own Count or Earl.

Holbech, a Market Town in Lincolnshire, in the Hundred of Ellow.

Holland, one of the three parts in the division of the County of Lincoln, which contains the Southern Towns from Lindsey, towards the Sea. Adorned with the Title of an Earldom since the year 1624. When King James I. created Henry Rich, Earl of Holland: whose Grandson Edward Rich, is the present Earl of Warwick and Holland.

Holland, Batavia, Hollandia, the principal Pro∣vince of the Ʋnited Netherlands; called by the Spaniards la Olandia; and by all others Holland; because it is a low, Marshy, or Hollow Soil; and much over-spread with Waters. It is great too, and very fruitful: having on the North the Zuider Sea, on the West the German Ocean; on the South Zealand and Brabant; and on the East Ʋtrecht, Guelderland, and a part of the Zuider. About sixty Leagues in Cir∣cuit, therein containing twenty nine walled Towns (be∣sides others heretofore walled, which enjoy the same privileges with those that are) and four hundred Vil∣lages: eighteen of the principal Towns have Seats in the Assemblies of the States General: to wit, Dort, Haerlem, Delft, Leyden, Amsterdam, Goude, Rotter∣dam, Gorcum, Schiedam, Schoonhoven, Briel, Alcmaer, Hoorne, Enchuysen, Edam, Monnikendam, Meden∣blik, and Purmerend. Yet the diameter of this Province may be traversed in six hours. In former times it was more extended towards the East of Ni∣meguen; its District being then a part of Holland. The Batavi a Warlike Nation possessed the greatest part of this Country, in the times of the Roman Em∣pire: who were conquered by Julius Caesar, with the rest of the Galls, of whom this was then thought a part. After the Roman Empire was overthrown in the West, this Province being almost dispeopled by the Inroads of the Norman Pyrats, was given by Charles the Bald to Thierrie or Theodorick, a Prince of A∣quitain, Son of Sigebert, about 863. with the Title of a Count or Earl; his Posterity enjoyed it till 1206. in seventeen Descents; when it passed to the Earls of Hainault; in which Family it continued till 1417. and then it passed by the Surrender of Jaqueline, (Countess of Hainaule and Holland,) to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, and so to the Spaniards. When Philip II. treated this Free People ill, they re∣volted; and in 1572. submitted to VVilliam of Nas∣sau, Prince of Orange; and in 1581. declared King Philip to have forfeited all his Sovereignty: and ha∣ving leagued themselves with their Neighbour States, they defended themselves so well against that Prince, by the assistance of Queen Elizabeth, that at last they forced the Spaniards to acknowledge them a Free State. And though the French King, Lewis XIV. by a sudden Surprize, brought them very low in the year 1672. yet the next year they forced him to withdraw his Garrisons, and recovered every inch of Ground from him. The Prince of Orange, though a Child in Age, out-doing by the blessing of Hea∣ven, the oldest States-men, and the most experienced Generals. In the East-Indies the Hollanders are the Sovereign Governours of the Coast of Coromandel, the Islands of Amboine, Banda, Ternate, Ceylon, and the City of Malaca; part of the Islands of Suma∣tra and Celebes, and divers places upon the Coast of Malabar. § They have also given the Name of New Holland to a Region of the Terra Australis, by them discovered in 1644. to the South of New Guiney and the Moluccaes. To a Territory of Moscovia, near the Streights of VVeigats, by them named the the Streights of Nassaw, upon the North Sea. And lastly to a Country in the North America, upon the Canadian Ocean, betwixt Virginia and New France, South-West of New England and East of the Ir••∣quois in Canada. But this latter has been been in the hands of the English since 1665.

Holdenby, a Castle belonging to the Crown in Northamptonshire; where King Charles the Martyr was kept a Prisoner by the Parliamentarians, from Feb. 17. 1646. to June 4. 1647. when by Cornet Joyce, one of the Officers of the Rebels, he was car∣ried to Childersley, and thence to Newmarket. Here that afflicted Prince had leisure to compose that ex∣cellent Piece, after his death Printed under the Title of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; which contributed more to the Re-establishment of his Children, and the Revi∣ving his oppressed Honour, than all the Armies and Forces in the World could have done.

Holderness, the most South-Eastern Promontory or Cape in Yorkshire, called Ocellum by Ptolemy. It lies North of Saltfleet, a Town in Lincolnshire, and shoots it self forth into the Sea a great way: There are divers Towns in it. King James I. created John Ramsey, Viscount Hardington in Scotland, Earl of this Place, and Baron of Kingston upon Thames, Anno 1620. The late Prince Rupert bore the same Title, by the Creation of King Charles I. in 1643. which is now enjoyed by Conyers D' Arcie, the pre∣sent Earl of Holderness, of the Creation of King Charles II.

La Hougst Vast, or Port de la Hogue, Oga, or Ogasti, Vedasti, a Haven, or Sea-Port-Town in the Territory of Coutances in Normandy; ten Miles from Bayeux to the West, and sixteen from Caen to the same.

Holstein, Holsatia, that is, as the Name signifies in the German Tongue, the Hollow Stone, or Rock, or rather, a Country overgrown with Woods and Forests, (as Holt signifies in the German Tongue,) is a Dukedom of great extent in the Lower Saxony, in Germany; though often comprehended in the King∣dom of Denmark, because a part of it is subject to that Crown. It was anciently a part of the Cherso∣nesus Cimbrica: bounded on the North by the Duke∣dom of Sleswick, or South-Jutland; on the West with the German Ocean; on the East with the Bal∣tick Sea; and on the South with the Dukedoms of Bremen and Lunenburgh; separated from it by the Elbe. It is divided into four parts; Dithmarsen, Holstein, Stormaren, and VVageron. The principal Cities in it, are Lubeck, and Hamburgh; which are Hanse-Towns, or Imperial Free Cities: besides which, there are Kiel, and Rensburg in Holstein; Krem∣pend, and Gluckstad in Stormaren. Part of this Dukedom is under the King of Denmark, and part of it under the Duke of Holstein. The ancient Inha∣bitants were the Saxons, our Ancestors, who about 449. began the Conquest of Britain, which perhaps were but some Tribes of the Cimbrians. The rest which remained in Germany, were conquered with the Saxons, by Charles the Great; and continued under the Empire till 1114. when Lotharius the Em∣perour gave Holst, (or Holstein, properly so called,) to Adolf of Schaumburgh, with the Title of Earl of Holstein: whose Posterity enjoyed it till 1459. in eleven Descents; when Christiern of Oldenburgh, King of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, Son of Theodorick Earl of Oldenburgh, and of Hedvigis, (Sister of Henry and Adolph, the two last Earls of Holstein,) succeeded in the Earldom of Holstein. The present Dukes of Holstein are descended from Christiern II. King of Denmark; who died in 1533.

From Christian III. one of his Sons, are descended the Dukes of Holstein Regalis; from Adolph, another Son, are derived the Dukes of Holstein Gottorp. But this Work will not permit me to pursue these Lines any further.

Holt, a Market Town in the County of Norfolk. The Capital of its hundred.

Holy Island, a small Island upon the Coast of the County of Northumberland, not far from Berwick: in which there is one Town, with a Church and Castle, and a good haven defended by a Block-house. The Air and Soil not very grateful; yet well accommoda∣ted with Fish and Fowl. Its ancient Name was Lin∣disfarne, a famous Episcopal See made by S. Aidan (one of the first Apostles of these parts) in the be∣ginning of Christianity here: which See continued from the Year 637. to 990. under two and twenty Bishops, called the Bishops of Lindisfarne, till the insolencies of the Danes on these Coasts compell'd the religious to remove to Durham. It got the Name of Holy Island from the Sanctity of the Bishops, Monks, and others that retired hither, to enjoy the benefit of its solitude and privacy.

Homano, Vomanus, a River of Italy in Abruzzo, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples; which spring∣ing from the Apennine, falls into the Adriatick Sea; between the Pescara, [Aternus] and the Tronto, [Tru∣entus,] which last falls into the same Sea, near Ascoli, North of Homano.

Homburgh, a very strong Town in the Territory of Wasgow, in the Palatinate of the Rhine in Germany; which has a Castle built on a steep Hill; not above two French Leagues from Bipont to the North. This Town was taken by the French in 1679. and is still in their Hands. There is another Town of this Name in Hassia; and a Castle in the Dominion or Territory belonging to the City of Basil.

Honan, a Province of the Kingdom of China, to∣wards the North-East part: bounded on the North with Xani and Pekim; on the West with Xensi, on the South with Huquam, and on the East with Xan∣tum. The Capital City is Caisung; the other are Queite, Changte, Gueihoei, Hoaiching, Nanyang, and Junging. This Province contains eight great Ci∣ties, an hundred smaller Cities or great Towns, and 589296 Families. There is a City of the same Name with this Province, in the North-West part of it, near the River Croceus; which cuts through the N. of this Province. The Chinese call it, their Garden of pleasure, from its sertility; and say, it lies in the middle of the World.

Hondura, a Province of new Spain, of great ex∣tent: bounded on the North and East with the Mar del Zur, and Bay of Hondura; on the South with Ni∣caragua, and on the West Guatimala. It lies two hundred Miles in length from East to West, and an hundred in breadth from North to South; under the Government of the Prefect of Guatimala. The prin∣cipal Cities and Towns in it, are Valadolid, Commaia∣gua, (made a Bishop's See in 1558.) Gracias à Dios, and T••ugilho, &c. A very fruitful Province in Maze, Corn, Pasturage, Fruits, and Mines. The Bay of Honduras is a part of the North Sea, with the Province of its own Name to the South, and Incatan to the North. There are divers Islands in it.

Honfleur, Juliobona, Honflorium, Honflevius, a City of Normandy, upon the Shoars of the British Sea, upon the Mouth of the Seyne, over against Har∣fleu, three Leagues from Havre de Grace to the South.

Honiton or Horniton, a Borough and Market Town in the County of Devon, and the hundred of Axmister, upon the River Otter. It has the honour of electing two Parliament men.

Honneau, Hon, a River in Artois.

Honnecour. See Hoencourt.

S. Honore de Lerin, Lerium, Lerina, a small Island on the Coast of Provence, in which is a very fa∣mous Monastery: it lies two Leagues from Antibe, [Antipoli,] to the South, and five from Freius to the East, towards the Confines of Piedmont.

Hoofden, the Streights between Calais and Dover.

Hoorne, Horna, a City in North Holland, not great, but very well fortified; it stands in the Con∣fines of West-Friesland, upon the Zuyder Sea, (upon which it has a large and a safe Harbor;) four Leagues from Alcmaer to the East, and six from Amsterdam to the North. Once an Imperial and Free City, but now exempted, and under the Dominion of the States of Holland. First walled in the Year 1426. It had heretofore divers fine Churches and Monasteries in it: And now the privilege of a Voice in the Assemblies of the States General.

Hoornens, Hoornsche, Eylandt, an Island in the Mar del Zur, discovered by James le Maire, an In∣habitant of Hoorn, in 1616. It lies twelve hundred German Miles from the Coast of Peru, towards Asia, in Long. 228. Southern Lat. 12. Little, but very fruit∣ful.

Horburgh, Argentuaria, a Castle near the City of Colmar, in the Upper Alsatia. See Colmar.

Hordogna, a ruined City of Puglia, called by the Romans Erdonia or Ardonia.

Horeb, Melani, a Mountain in Arabia Petraea; near which Moses fed the Flocks of Jethro, (his Fa∣ther-in-Law,) and received the Command from the Angel in the burning Bush, to fetch up the Children of Israel out of Egypt: here also Elijah, the Restorer of the Law, heard the Still small Voice. 1. Kings 19. 12. And if this be the same with Sinai, (as S. Jerome asserts,) here was the Promulgation of the Law of Nature, or the Ten Commandments, given to the Israelites. It is thought by some to extend from Pe∣tra, a City of Arabia, to Aelan upon the Red Sea; at the distance of one hundred and eighty Miles from Jerusalem to the South. The Arabians call it Gibel-Mousa, the Mountain of Moses; the Europeans, Sinai. Monsieur Thevenot, who some years since visited all these Places, in his Travels, gives a large Account of these Mountains; and of a great number of Monasteries, Chappels, Hermitages, and Cells pos∣sessed at this day by Greek and Latin Monks: who have here many very delicate Gardens, which besides what is eaten by them, afford a good Revenue; most of the good Fruit that is sold at Grand Cairo, being carried thither from these Gardens, as he observeth.

Horiguela, Orcelis, Oriola, a City of Valentia, more commonly called Grihuella; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Valentia: it is small, and not much inhabited; tho seated in a pleasant Valley, at the foot of an Hill; having over it a Castle, built on a Rock, which is honored with the Title of a Dukedom: it stands upon the River Tader, (now Se∣gura) which falls into the Bay of Alcante; six Spanish Leagues South of that City, and three Leagues East of Murcia.

Hormiz, Saocoras, a River of Mesopotamia, which falls into the Euphrates; others call it Set.

Horn, heretofore Heurn, Horna, a small Town in the Bishoprick of Leige, which has a beautiful Castle: about one League from the Maes and Roermond to the West; six from Maestricht to the North: also the Capital of the Earldom of Horn, within this Dio∣cese; which lies between Guelderland to the East, Bosleduc to the North, and the County of Lootz to the South and West. This was heretofore under Earls of its own; but they being Extinct in the last Cen∣tury, it returned to the Bishops of Leige.

Horne or Cap d' Hoorn, a Cape of the Terra del Fuego in the South America, towards the Streights of Magellan: discovered in 1616 by Le Maire, a Native of Hoorne in Holland: Some Spaniards call it the Cape of S. Salvador.

Hornby, a Market Town in Lancashire, in the hun∣dred of Loynsdale, upon the River Lon: Noted for a Castle, call'd Hornby-Castle, the ancient Seat of the Lord Morley and Mounteagle.

Horn Castle, a Market Town in Lincolnshire. The Capital of its hundred; upon the River Bane, and in the division of Lindsey.

Horndiep, Arnapa, a small River of Holland; which ariseth in Drent, a Territory of Over Yssel; and flowing through Groningen, a little beneath Hun∣sen, falls into the River Reit Diep, after it has wa∣tered the City of Groningen.

Horndon on the Hill a Market Town in the Coun∣ty of Essex, in the hundred of Barstable.

Horomelt, one of the Names of Greece.

Horsham, a Market Town in the County of Sus∣sex, in Bramber Rape. It is a large Borough Town, having the Election of 2 Parliament-men, si∣tuated near S. Leonards Forest.

Horti, Hortanum. See Orta.

Houdain, Hodanum, a small French City in la Beausse, (or in the Government of the Isle of France, according to others) near Chartres; two Leagues from Dreux to the North-East, and eight from Paris to the West, upon the River Vegre.

La Houlme, Holmesia, a small District in Nor∣mandy, between the River Orne, (Olina,) and the Ter∣ritory of le Mans; in which there is no Town of note.

Howden, a Market Town in the E. riding of York∣shire, giving Name to a small Territory call'd How∣denshire, near the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Derwent.

Hoy, Dumma, an Island of Scotland, which is one of the Orcades, three Miles from the Island of Mainland; call'd also Hethy.

Hoye, Hoya, a small Town in Westphalia, upon the River Weser; two German Miles from Ferden to the South, and from Newburg to the North; the Ca∣pital of the Earldom von Hoye, in Westphalia; which was under Earls of its own, till 1582. when upon the Death of Otto, the last of them, it fell to the Duke of Brunswick Zell.

Hudsons Bay, an Arm of the Sea, North of Esto∣iteland, in the North America; discovered by one Hudson an Englishman, in 1612.

Hudwicswaldt, a City or Town in the Province of Helsing, in the Kingdom of Sweden, on the Bal∣tick Sea, towards the Province of Middlepad.

Huccar, Vero, a River of Spain.

Hued, or Hued-il-Barbar, Icer, Serbes, a River in the Kingdom of Algiers, in Africa; which derives its head from the Atlas, and takes so many turnings and returnings amongst the Mountains, that betwixt Bonne and Tunis it comes to be passed twenty five times. At length falls into the Mediterranean Sea. They Fish for Coral upon its Banks.

Hued Nijar, Niger, a River of Africa in Aethiopia.

Hued el Quiber, Nasabath, a River in the King∣dom of Algier.

Huesca, Faventia, Calicula, Vesci, Osca, Escua, a City in the Kingdom of Granada. See Horiguela, which is the same City. § There is another Town of the same Name, in the Kingdom of Arragon, upon the River Ysuela; fourteen Miles from Saragosa to the North-East, and twenty from Lerida to the North-West. This is a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop of: aragossa, and call'd by the ancients Osca Illergetum. A Council was celebrated at it in 598.

Huetca, a Dutchy in New Castile, upon the Con∣fines of the Kingdoms of Granada and Murcia.

Hull, Petuaria, Hullum, a Town and River in the East Riding of Yorkshire. The Town is seated upon the West Bank of the River, where it entereth the Humber; twenty six Miles from York to the South-East, and eleven from the Spurn Head, or British Sea to the North-West. Of no great Antiquity; Edward I. purchasing the Ground of the Abbat of Meaux, and built the Town, which thereupon was called Kings-Town. He made the Haven also; gran∣ted the Town a Charter, and divers Liberties; by which means it grew to that it now is; being for state∣ly Houses, strong Forts, well furnished Ships, Mer∣chandize, and plenty of all things, the best in this part of England. The Inhabitants ascribe much al∣so to Michael de la Poole, Duke of Suffolke; who procured them many Privileges, after he was by Ri∣chard II. made Duke of Suffolk. Their gainful Fi∣sheries on the Coast of Iseland, had its share in this growth. Being grown Rich, they Walled the Town, Paved their Streets, raised their chief Magistrates from a Warden to Bailiffs; at last in the Reign of Henry VI. got the Honor of a Mayor, and that the Town should be a County. Charles the Martyr Treasured up here a goodly Magazine for the benefit of his Subjects: but when he came to use it April 23. 1642: he was most unworthily and undutifully excluded by Sir John Hotham; which on the twenty fifth of the same Month was by the Parliament justified: being upon the matter the first act of Hostility against that Holy Prince. Hotham, the Son, was routed April 11. 1643. at Ancaster, by Colonel Cavendish. And both Father and Son came to be Beheaded by their Fellows Rebels: the first in 1644. and the other in 1645. for intending to return to their Allegiance. The River of Hull, riseth by Kilham in the same County; and pas∣sing on the East of Beverley, at the distance of a Mile, falls into the Humber; between Hull and Dri∣pole; being Navigable up to Beverley, and perhaps higher.

Hulst, Hulstum, a City in the Low-Countries in Flanders, near Gaunt: small, but very well fortified: the Capital of the Territory of Waes: taken by the Dutch in 1645. and kept by them ever since. It stands five Leagues from Antwerp to the West, and seven from Gaunt to the North-West.

Humago, Cissa, an Island near Histria.

Humain, Siga, a City of Mauritania in Africa.

Humana, a ruined City in the Marca Anconitana.

Humber, Abus, one of the principal Rivers of England; or rather an Arm of the Sea, into which many of the Rivers of this part of England empty themselves: on the North it hath Yorkshire, on the South Lincolnshire: out of the first of these it re∣ceives the River of Hull; then the Ouse, (which bring∣eth with it Derwent, the Swale, the Your, the Wharf, the Are, Calder, and the Dun;) then the Trent which divides Nottingham from Lincolnshire; and brings many other with it, as the Darwen, the Mani∣fold, the Stoure, and many others: above Barton it receives the Ankam, out of Lincolnshire: the Mouth by which these Streams enter the German Ocean being almost seven Miles wide.

Humble, Homelia, a small River of Hantshire; which rising by Bushwaltham and watering Boteley, forms an Haven, called Humble Haven, on the East of St. Andrew's Castle, over against the Isle of Wight, where it entereth the British Sea.

Hungaria, Pannonia inferior, is one of the No∣blest, but most unfortunate Kingdoms, next to Greece, in Europe. The Natives call it Magiar; the Poles, Wegierska; the Germans, Ʋngarn; and the French, Hungary: On the North it is bounded with the Ʋpper Poland, and Red Russia; the Carpathian

Mountains interposing between it and them: on the East with Transylvania and Moldavia; on the West with Stiria, Austria, and Moravia; and on the South with Sclavonia, and Servia. Baudrand (in∣cluding Sclavonia) bounds it on the South with Cro∣atia, Bosnia, and Servia. It extends in length from Presburgh, along the Danube, to the Borders of Tran∣sylvania, the space of three hundred English Miles: and one hundred and ninety of the same in breadth: it takes in all that Tract of Land, that was possessed heretofore by the Jazyges Metanastae, a Sarmatian People; and part of Pannonia Superior, and Inferior. Wonderfully fruitful; yielding Corn and Grass in a∣bundance; the latter exceeding (when at its greatest length) the height of a Man: it abounds so in Cattle, that it is thought alone to be able to serve all Europe with Flesh; and they certainly send yearly into Ger∣many eighty thousand Oxen. They have Deer, Par∣tridges, and Pheasants in such abundance, that any body that will may kill them. They have Mines of Gold, Silver, Tin, Lead, Iron and Copper; store of River, or Fresh-water Fish; and Wines equal in good∣ness to those of Candia. The People are Hardy, Co∣vetous, Warlike; but Slothful and Lazy, not much unlike the Irish. Their best Scholar was St. Jerome. Their best Soldiers, Johannes Huniades, and Matthias Corvinus. The principal Rivers are the Danube, (which divides this Kingdom from end to end,) the Savus, the Dravus, and the Tibiscus: they have one famous Lake, called the Balaton, which is forty Italian Miles in length. The principal Cities are Buda or Offen, Pres∣burgh, Alba-Regalis, and Caschaw. The Hungarians are a Tribe of the Scythians or Tartars, which in the times of Arnulphus, Emperour of Germany, pos∣sessed themselves of Transylvania, and the Ʋpper Hun∣gary; under Lewis IV. Successor to Arnulphus, they passed the Danube; wasted all Germany, Italy, Greece, Sclavonia, and Dacia; till broken by the Forces of Germany, and sweetned by the Christian Religion, (first taught them under King Stephen, about 1016. by Albert, Archbishop of Prague,) they became more quiet, and better civilized. This Stephen began his Reign in 1000. This Race of Kings continued to 1302. in twenty three Descents: when Charles Mar∣tel, (Son of Charles King of Naples, and Mary Daughter to Stephen IV. King of Hungary,) partly by Election, partly by Inheritance and Conquest suc∣ceeded to this Crown: to him succeeded Lewis his Nephew, in 1343. Charles II. (another of his Descen∣dents) in 1383. Sigismund Emperour, King of Bohe∣mia, in the Right of Mary his Wife, (Eldest Daugh∣ter of Lewis) in 1387. Albert of Austria, in the Right of Elizabeth his Wife, (Daughter of Sigis∣mond) in 1438. Ʋladislaus, Son of Albert and Elizabeth, in 1444. Matthias Corvinus, Son of Jo∣hannes Huniades, by Election in 1458. Ʋladislaus II. Son of Cassimir IV. King of Poland and of Eliza∣beth, (Daughter of Albert) in 1491. Lewis II. slain in the Battel of Mohatz, succeeded in 1517. and was slain in 1527. John Sepusio, Vaiwode of Transyl∣vania, chosen upon his Death, succeeded that year; but was outed by Ferdinand, restored by Solyman the Turk, and at last died in 1540. The Hungarians Crowned Stephen his Son, an Infant, in the Cradle: but Solyman, seized the best part of his Kingdom, (un∣der pretence of defending it against Ferdinand of Austria) and Ferdinand the rest; so that ever since this wretched Kingdom has been a Stage of War, be∣tween the Austrian and the Ottoman Families. The former at this time having recovered from the latter, all the Lower Hungary; and all Tameswaer, in the Ʋpper. The Reader may be pleased to know, that all that part of Hungary, which lies on the West and North of the Danube, is called the Lower Hungary: what lies on the East and South, the Ʋpper. This King∣dom is divided into fifty five Counties; three and twenty of which in the beginning of this last War, were in the Hands of the Turks, and the rest in the Empe∣ror's. It has also two Archbishops Sees, Gran [Strigo∣nium,] and Colocza; thirteen Bishopricks; six under the first, and seven under the latter.

Hungerford, a Market Town in Berkshire, in the hundred of Kentbury, upon the River Kennet.

Hunni, the ancient Inhabitants of the Marshes of the Maeotis; who for the sake of a better Country to live in, invaded Pannonia in great numbers, and thence under Attila their King, who stiled himself the Scourge of God, marched victoriously into Germany, Italy, and France; till Aetius General of the Romans and Meroveus King of France slew 200000 of them in one Battel in 450. Then they retired into Pannonia again, and maintain'd themselves in divers Wars. At length the Hungarians, a Scythian race, appeared about the end of the Reign of Charles the Gross, and expelled them.

Huntingdonshire, is bounded on the North by the River Avon, or Afon, which parts it from Lincoln∣shire; on the West by Northamptonshire, on the South by Bedfordshire, and on the East by Cam∣bridgeshire. The North-East parts of it are Fenny; but yield plenty of Grass for feeding of Cattle. The rest is very pleasant, fruitful of Corn, rising into Hills, and shady Groves. The whole indeed was one Forest, till Henry II. in the beginning of his Reign disforested it.

The Town of Huntingdon, which gives Name to the County, is seated upon the North side of the River Ouse, somewhat high; and stretcheth out it self in length to the Northward: it has four Churches in it, a fair Bridge of Stone over the River, and near it is the Mount or Plot of an ancient Castle, (now ruined,) built by Edward the Elder, in the Year 917. Which King David of Scotland, (who had this County with the Title of an Earl, from King Stephen of England, for an Augmentation of his Estate,) in the Year 1135. enlarged with new Buildings, and Bulwarks: but Henry II. finding great Inconveniences from it, razed it to the Ground. This was a very considerable Town in the times of Edward the Confessor, and perhaps greater than now. The first Earl of Huntingdon was Waltheof, Created in 1068. two years after the Con∣quest: he being beheaded, Simon de Lyze, (who Married Maud the Daughter of Waltheof) was made Earl in 1075. David Prince of Scotland, her second Husband, was the next Earl in 1108. It continued in this Family of Scotland, till 1219. but it is now in the Family of the Hastings: George Lord Hastings and Hungerford, being by Henry VIII. Created Earl of Huntingdon, in the Year 1529. Theophilus Ha∣stings, the present Earl, succeeded his Father in the Year 1655. and is the seventh Earl of this Noble Family.

Huquang, a very large Province in the middle of the Kingdom of China; counted the seventh in num∣ber, but in extent one of the greatest; its greatest length is from North to South: being bounded on the North by Honan; on the East by Nankim, and Kiamsi; on the South by Quamtum; and on the West by Queycheu, and Suchen. It contains fifteen Cities, an hundred and eighteen great Towns, five hundred thirty one thousand six hundred eighty six Families. The greatest City is Vuchang. The great River of Kiam crosseth it, and divides it; and in the middle of this Province it receiveth two other great Rivers, one from the North, and the other from the South; whose Names I cannot assign. And these three Rivers form at their meeting a very consider∣able Lake, between the Cities of Kincheu and Yocheu.

The Chinese call it also Jumichiti, and the Granary of China for its abundance: As to which they have a Proverb, that the Province of Kiangsi may furnish all China with a Breakfast; but Huquang is able entirely to maintain it.

Hurepois, Hurepoesium, a District in the Isle of France; between la Beause to the West, la Brie to the East, (from which it is parted by the Seine,) and la Gastinois to the South. This heretofore was a part of la Beause. The Cities in it are Corbeil, Castres, and la Ferté Alais.

The Hurons are a People of North America, in the Northern parts of New France, towards a Lake of the same Name. The River Des Hurons ariseth in the West of New France, called also the River of the Otavacks, a People bordering on the Hurons; and runs a great way towards the North-East, till at last it falls into the River of St. Laurence. The Lake des Hurons is very great, and in its extent resembles a Sea; but the Waters are fresh: it is seven hundred Leagues in Compass, as the Inhabitants about it pre∣tend: the Lake of Illinia, and the Upper Lake do both fall into it.

Huz, the Country of Job, between Syria and Ara∣bia; now Omps.

Husum, a City of Denmark in Jutland; in the South part of the Dukedom of Sleswick, near the Shoars of the German Ocean, and Nort Strand, (an Island so called.) It has a most noble Castle, built by the Duke of Holstein Gothorp, in 1581. under whom it now is. It stands a Gorman Mile and an half from Frederickstad to the North, four from Sles∣wick to the West. Some few years since, it was for∣tified; but the King of Denmark has slighted its Out∣works.

Huy, and Hu, Huum, Huyum, Huyonum, a Town of the Low-Countries in the Bishoprick of Liege, in the Territory of Condrotz; between Liege, and Na∣mur; which has a Castle, and a Stone Bridge over the Maez, (which here receives the River Huy, which latter gives Name to it) but ruined. This place was taken by the French in 1675, and its Fortifications ruined. It stands five French Leagues from Liege to the South-West, and thirteen from Brussels to the North-East; adorn'd with a Collegiate Church, and divers others.

Hyesmes. See Hiesmois.

Hyeres, a Knot of small Islands on the Coast of Narbonne, or Provence, in the Mediterranean Sea. See Hieres.

Hymburgh. See Haynburgh.

Hymettus, a Mountain of Achaia in Greece, within a League of Athens, and about seven or eight in circumference, yielding plenty of odoriferous Herbs for the making of Honey, which has been always in great esteem. Some call it, Monte-Matto, by a cor∣ruption. There are six Convents of Caloyers or Reli∣gious Greeks planted upon the sides of it. The chief of which, call'd by the Turks Cosbachi, by the Greeks Cyriani, since the Year 1455. (when Mahomet II. took Athens and the Abbot of this House brought the Keys to him) is exempt from all Taxes to the Port, paying a sequine by way of homage.

Hythe, one of the Cinqueport Towns in the Coun∣ty of Kent, in Shepway Lath: which Elects two Members of Parliament.

Hyrach, Hyrcania, a Province of the Kingdom of Persia; heretofore bounded on the North by the Hyrcanian Sea, on the East by Margiana, on the West by Media, and on the South by Parthia, pro∣perly so called: Now divided into two Provinces, cal∣led Taberistan, Mazenderan.

The. Hyreanian Sea, Mare Hyrcanium, takes this ancient well known Name from this Province: but it is no less frequently called, both in Ancient and Mo∣dern Geographers and Historians, the Caspian Sea. This Sea is called by various Names according to the Countries which do border upon it. It was anciently called the Sea of Chosar, from the eldest Son of Th••∣garma, a Great Grand-child of Noah, by Japhet. Nubius, in his Geography, calls it the Sea of Tavist∣han; the Arabians Baharcorsum; the Persians Kul∣sum; (as they do also the Persian Gulph.) The Greek and Latin Authors, Mare Hyrcanium, or Mare Ca∣spium; the Persians call it also the Sea of Baku; the Muscovites, Gualenskoi-More. The Ancients gene∣rally thought it had a communication with the Indian Ocean; which is not true: for it has no communica∣tion with any other Sea in the World known; and therefore may most properly be called the Mediter∣ranean Sea: this was known to Aristotle, and Hero∣dotus of old. Its greatest extent is from North to South, (that is, from Astrachan, to Ferabath,) eight deg. of the Equator; or one hundred and twenty German Miles, or four hundred and eighty English Miles: its Breadth from the Province of Chuaresin, to the Mountains of Circassia (or Shirwan,) is six deg. or ninety German Miles, or three hundred and sixty English Miles. The Waters are in the middle as salt as those of any other Sea whatsoever; but it neither Ebbs nor Flows, as all the rest do, which have any Intercourse with the Ocean. It hath in a manner never a safe Harbor upon it: the best is Min∣kischlak, or Manguslave, on the side of the Grand Tartary. The Water is of the same colour with that of other Seas: it has but one Island in it, and that lies towards Persia, called Ensil, which has never an House in it. Thus far Olearius, who Travelled over it in 1636. It is generally very shallow, and flat; therefore in Tempests dangerous to those that Sail upon it: the Persians never trust to it, and rarely go out of sight of the Shoar. This Sea has on the North the Kingdom of Astrachan, and Negaia; on the East Chuaresm; on the South, the Kingdom of Per∣sia; and on the West Georgia: it receives there above an hundred Rivers which fall into it, many of which are very great; as the Wolga, the Araxis or Cyrus, the Keisilosein, the Bustrow, the Aksay, and the Koisu: towards the North, are the Rivers of Jaika, and Jems; towards the South and East the Nios, Oxus, and the Oxentes, which Curtius calls Tanais: Olea∣rius assures us, that in twenty days Travel between Roschot and Schamakap, he crossed above fourscore Rivers great and small.

Hyth, a Port in the County of Kent, in Shepway Lath, which has a Castle for its Defence; upon the Streights of Calais, between Dover to the North, and Rie to the South; two Miles from the first, and five from the latter. It elects two Members of Parliament.