A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names of all the counties, provinces, remarkable cities, universities, ports, towns, mountains, seas, streights, fountains, and rivers of the whole world : their distances, longitudes, and latitudes : with a short historical account of the same, and their present state : to which is added an index of the ancient and Latin names : very necesary for the right understanding of all modern histories, and especially the divers accounts of the present transactions of Europe / begun by Edmund Bohun ... ; continued, corrected, and enlarged with great additions throughout, and particularly with whatever in the geographical part of the voluminous, Morey and Le Clerks occurs observable, by Mr. Bernard ; together with all the market-towns, corporations, and rivers, in England, wanting in both the former editions.

F A (Book f)

FAenza, Faventia, a small City of Romandiola, in Italy, upon the River Lamone, (Anemo,) which falls into the Adriatick Sea; three Miles South of the Mouth of the Po; between Imola to the North and Forli to the South; twenty Miles from Ravenna to the West. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna; and under the Dominion of the Pope; only famous for Earthen Ware. The French call it Faience.

Faience, Faventia, a small City in Provence in France, upon the River Benzon; three Leagues from Grasse to the West, and six from the Mediterranean Sea. The Bishops of Frejus are Lords of it. The French call Faenza in Italy, Faience.

Faire-Foreland, Robodigum, the most North-East Country of Ireland, in the County of Antrim, in the Province of Ʋlster.

Faire-Isle, a Rock in the Caledonian Sea, be∣tween the Orkneys and Shetland; in which is the Castle Dumo.

Fairford, a Market-Town in Gloucestershire, in the Hundred of Brittlesbarrough.

Fakenham, a Market-Town in the County of Nor∣folk, in the Hundred of Gallow.

Falaise, Fallesia, Falesia, a Town in Normandy,

upon the River Ante, (which falls into the Dive at Morteaux,) seven Leagues from Caen to the South, and four from Argentan to the North-West. The principal Seat and Garrison of the first Dukes of Nor∣mandy. William the Conqueror, Natural Son of Ro∣bert II. Duke of Normandy, was born here. This Place was taken by the English from the French in 1417. There is now a round high Tower stand∣ing in it.

Cape Falcon, a Promontory, West of Oran, in Barbary.

Falconara, Assinarius, a River of Sicily: It flows by the Town of Noto, and falls into the Ionian Sea, between the Cape of Passaro, (Pachynum,) and the City of Syracuse; ten Miles from the Cape to the North, and twenty five from the City to the South. This River is made famous by the Defeat of the Athe∣nian Forces here by the Syracusans, in the Year of the World 3537. which Victory being gained by the Assistance of the Lacedemonians, they took the Ad∣vantage of it, and at last, in 3546. took Athens, un∣der Lysander.

Faleria, Faleris, a ruined City of the Province of Tuscany in Italy, mentioned by the Ancients. The Episcopal See, which it possessed formerly, was trans∣ferred to Civita Castellana, a City built nigh the Ruins of this.

Falernus, a Mountain of Campagna di Roma in Italy; famous for the excellent Wines growing upon it, which animated the ancient Poets so often to sing its Praises.

Falisci, an ancient People of Hetruria in Italy, who made War a considerable time with the Romans their Neighbours, till reduced by Camillus in the Year of Rome 360. They are said to have come hi∣ther out of Macedonia. The Capital of their Domi∣nions was the ancient Faleria.

Falkenburg, or Valkenburg, a small Town in Brabant, upon the River Geule; two Leagues from Maestricht to the East, and four from Aquisgrane. It was under the Dominion of the Hollanders till 1672. when it was taken by the French and dismantled: But in 1678. returned under them again with Mae∣stricht. This Town is called by the French Fau∣quemont; and in Antoninus his Itinerary, Corio∣vallum.

Falkland, a small Town in Scotland in the County of Fife; beautified with an ancient Retiring House of their Kings; and very commodious for the Pleasure of Hunting.

Fallekoping, or Falcoping, Falcopia, a Town in the Province of Westrogothia in the Kingdom of Swe∣den, five or six Leagues from Scaren.

Falmouth, Voluba, a noble Haven on the South of Cornwal, as great as Brundusium in Italy, and as safe: an hundred Ships may ride in it, out of sight each of other; secured by two Castles at its entrance, built by Henry VIII. In 1664. Charles II. Created Charles Lord Barkley, Earl of Falmouth, who was slain at Sea June 2. 1665. George Fitz-Roy, now Duke and Earl of Northumberland, was Created Vi∣count Falmouth, by the same Prince, Octob. 1. 1673. The old Roman Town Voluba, from which it had its name, is now totally ruined and gone; it stood high∣er up into the Land upon the River Valle, over against Tregony.

Falster, Falstria, Insula Dianae, an Island in the Baltick Sea, on the South of the Isle of Zeeland, from which it is parted only by a narrow Channel called Groene-Sund. It has one Town call'd Nykoping; and gives name to a good Family in Denmark.

Faluga-diabete, a small Island belonging to Sar∣dinia; on the West of that Island.

Famagosta, Fama Augusta, called by the French Famagouste, is a very strong City in the Island of Cy∣prus, on the Eastern Shoar; which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Nicosia, and was of old called Arsinoe. This City has a large and a safe Port: And was taken by the Genouese in 1370. By the Ve∣netians about 1470. and by the Turks from the Vene∣tians, in the Year 1571. after a Siege of ten Months.

Famar, or Fanar, a Town at the Entrance of the Black Sea, in Thrace; four German Miles North of Constantinople.

Famar, Arietis Frons, Criumetopon, the most Southern Cape of the Little or Krim Tartary, Tan∣ricia; which lies an hundred and fifty Miles from Constantinople to the North-East.

Famastro, Amastrus, a City upon the Euxine or White Sea, upon the East Side of the River Dolap, fifty Miles from Scutari East, and the same from A∣masia North-West. It grew up out of the Ruins of four neighbouring Cities, to a vast greatness.

Fanar, Acheron, a River, and Town of E∣pirus.

Fanari-Kiosc, a Royal Pleasure House belonging to the Grand-Seignior, one League Distant from Con∣stantinople and Galata; at the Entrance of the Streights of Constantinople; near the Port of Chalce∣don in Natolia. Built by Solyman II. Vessels arriving upon this Coast by Night are lightned by a Fanal from hence.

Fano, Fanum Fortunae, an Episcopal City in the States of the Church, in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino. but not of it; twenty Miles from Ʋrbino to the East, and thirty seven from Ancona to the North. This was the Country of Clement VIII. his Father, a Flo∣rentine, living here as an Exile. The Temple of For∣tune, which the Romans built in Memory of their Vi∣ctory over Asdrubal, the Brother of Hannibal, in the Year of Rome 547. (wherein they slew Asdrubal himself, with 50000 Men) did stand near this City.

Fanshere, a River in the Island of Madagascar.

Fantin, a small Kingdom in Guiney, in Africa, where the English and Dutch have some Castles.

Fanu, an Island near Corfu to the North-West.

Fara, Pharan, a City and Mountain in the Sto∣ny Arabia, upon the Red-Sea; twenty Miles from Sues South, and from Eltor North, over against Dacata in Aegypt.

Farfar, Fabris, a small River in the State of the Church: It riseth near a Castle called Capo Far∣far; and running to the North-East, it watereth a Monastery of the same Name; then falls into the Tibur. § Farfar, Farfaro, Fer, Orontes, a River of Syria, which ariseth from Mount Libanus; and running Northward, it watereth Apamia and the great Antioch; then falls into the Mediterranean.

Farham, a Market-Town in the County of Sou∣thampton. The Capital of its Hundred.

Faribo, Helicon, Haliarkmon, one of the most considerable Rivers of Macedonia; which rising out of the Mountains of Albania, and traversing the whole breadth of that Kingdom, from thence falls into the Bay of Thessalonica from the West, thirteen Ger∣man Miles from Thessalonica to the South.

Farima, a City of Japan, eighteen Spanish Leagues from Meaco to the West; which is under the King of Japan now, but had heretofore a Prince of its own.

Faringdon, a Market-Town in Berkshire. The Capital of its Hundred.

Farne, an Island on the Coast of Northumberland, in the German Ocean; two Miles from Bamburg Ca∣stle; where S. Cuthbert built him an Hermitage, in which he took care to see nothing but Heaven, as Bede saith.

Farneto, a Castle in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, near Orvietto: Whence the Family of the Farnese, with a little Variation, is believed to derive their Name.

Farnham, a Market-Town in the County of Surrey. The Capital of its Hundred. Watered by the River Wey; and graced with the Episcopal Seat of the Bishop's of VVinchester. King Alfred made a great Slaughter of the Danes, in a Victory over them, here.

Faro, Pharus, a City of Spain, in Algarva, up∣on the Ocean, between Cape S. Vincent to the West, and the Mouth of the Guadiana to the East, near the Cape of S. Mary; seven Miles from Silves to the South-East.

Faro di Messina, Fretum Mamertinum, the Streight between Sicily and Italy.

Farsa, Pharsalus, a City of Thessalia, where the fate of the Empire of the World was determined, between Cesar and Pompey, by Battel. In some la∣ter Maps called Farsato.

Farsi, Persia.

Farso, a Town in Carmania, over against the Eastern Cape of Cyprus, 7 German Miles from the Mediterranean Sea; in Asia the Less.

Fartach. See Fertach.

Fasso, Phasis, a River in Mengrelia.

Fatigar, a Kingdom in Africa, which belonged formerly to the King of Ethiopia; between the great Lake of Arpen to the East, the Mountains of Felles to the North, the Kingdom of Olabi to the West, and that of Bara to the South; between 60. and 70. and 10 North Latitude.

Favagnana, Aegathos, Aegusa, Aethusa, an Island on the West of Sicily, near Cape Trepano, under the King of Spain; which has a Bay fit to receive the greatest Navies, near to which Luctatius Catulus the Consul gave the Carthaginians their last blow at Sea.

Faudoas, a Town and Castle in the Province of Gascoigne in France, adorned with the Title of a Barony, and giving its name to an honorable Fa∣mily.

Fayal, one of the Azores in the Atlantick Oce∣an, under the Portuguese: little, but fruitful: having a Town of the same name, with others, in it.

Feldkirck, Feldkirkia, a small but well peopled Town in the Province of Tirol in Germany, upon the River Ill, towards the Frontiers of Switzerland. It is also written Widkirch, and carries the honor to be an Earldom.

Felin, or Welin, Felinum, a City of Livonia, up∣on the River Felin, in Esthonia, 150 Miles North of Riga; which has a strong Castle in it. In this place William of Furstemburgh, Master of the Teutonick Order, was betrayed by his own Subjects to the King of Sweden, in 1650. who has ever since possessed it.

Fella, Carnicum Julium, a Castle in Friuli, but on the Confines of Carniola, under the Venetians.

Felles, a Ridge of Mountains in Africa, extend∣ing from the North-East to the South-West, on the North of Egypt. See Fatigar.

Fello, Phellos, a City of Lycia, East of the River Xanthus, (or Lycus,) and West of the Chelidonii Scopuli, on the Shoars of Asia the Less.

Feltri, Feltria, a City in the Marchia Tarvisina, under the Commonwealth of Venice, upon the Ri∣ver Asona, which soon after falls into the Piave; forty two Italian Miles from Trent to the East. This is a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Aquileja; and has been under the Venetians ever since 1404. Sometime written Feltre.

Femeren, Femerae, Fimeria, a small Island in the Baltick Sea, on the Shoars of Holstein, and Wagria, from which it is distant only four Miles: made fa∣mous by a Naval Victory, obtained by the Danes over the Swedes and Hollanders, in 1645.

Fenesia, Psillis, a River of Bithynia, in the Les∣ser Asia.

Ferden, Verda, a City of the Lower Saxony, called also Verden, which is the Capital of a Duchy of the same name; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mentz, by the institution of Charles the Great: It stands upon the River Aller, six Miles from Bremen to the East, and twelve from Ham∣burgh to the South: of old a Free Imperial City, af∣terwards subject to its own Bishop; but in the Trea∣ty of Westphalia, it was given to the Swedes, who are still possessed of it: the Bishop of this City im∣braced the Augustane Confession in 1568. The Dukes of Lunenburgh seized it in 1676. but were forced to restore it in 1679. to the Swedes.

La Fere, Fara, a strong City upon the River Oyze, in Picardy, in the Tract of Tierache, five Miles from S. Quintin to the South, and 4 from Laon to the North: it stands in a Morass, and was retaken by Hen. IV. after the Spaniards had gained it from the French.

La Fere Champenoise, a City of Champaigne in France, between the Seyne to the South, and the Marne to the North, eight Miles from Chalons to the South. § There is another called La Fere en Tar∣denois, in this Province too, in the middle between Melun to the West, and Reimes to the East.

Ferentino, or Fiorentino, Ferentinum, a City of Campagnia in Italy, under the Pope, which is a Bi∣shops See, under none but him: It lies forty Italian Miles from Rome to the South, and eight from the Confines of the Kingdom of Naples to the North: a small place built on an Hill.

Ferento, Ferentiae, an antient City, ruined, of Hetruria in Italy, near Viterbo and Montefiascone. It had been an Episcopal See, before those of Viter∣bo destroyed it, upon an account of Heresie in 1074.

Ferenzuola or Fierenzuola, an Episcopal City in the Capitanata, in the Kingdom of Naples. Adorned with a famous Abbey, and made remarkable in anti∣ent History by the Victory of Sylla over M. Carbo here in the year of Rome 672.

Fermanagh, Fermanagensis Comitatus, a Coun∣ty of Ʋlster in Ireland, in which lies Earne, the great∣est Lake in that Kingdom. There is never a City or Town of note in this County; and therefore it need be no further considered.

Fermo. See Firmiana.

Fernes, Fernae, a City in the County of Wexford in Ireland, with an Episcopal See under the Archbi∣shop of Cashel now, but formerly of Dublin.

Feroe Islands. See Foeroe.

Ferrandina, a Town in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Basilicate, upon the River Basiento; 18 Miles from the Sea to the West, and 12 from Matera to the South-West: built by Ferdinando, Duke of Ca∣labria, Son of Alphonsus II. King of Naples; and since honored with the Title of a Dukedom.

Ferrara, Ferraria, a City of Italy, under the Dominion of the Pope, and the Capital of the Duke∣dom of Ferrara; which under the Family of Este, was so improved and augmented, that it became one of the best Cities of all Italy: made a Bishops See by Pope Vitaliano: 30 Miles from Bologna. It was so small in the time of Theodosius junior, that it was called Ferrariola, the little Ferrara: It stands on the smallest branch of the Po, (Po Morto,) from which there is a cut of six Miles, as far as Francoli∣no Westward, for promoting of Trade; but since 1598, when it came into the Popes hands, this City has been decaying; which the Castle built by Clement

VIII. has not been able to prevent, though that Pope placed there his Image, with this inscription; Ne re∣cedente Pado Ferrariae Fortitudo recederet, Martem Neptuno substituit; that is, Least the recess of the Po should weaken Ferrara, he has brought Mars to supply the want of Neptune. His Holiness was how∣ever mistaken, as the event has shewn; for Neptune and Mercury, tending equally to the wealth and wel∣fare of a City, are much more auspicious Patrons than Mars. There was a League made here against the Protestants in 1586. The Council of Florence was begun here in 1438; (after a declaration of the dissolution of that of Basil made by P. Eugenius IV.) John Paleologus VII. Emperour of Constantinople, with his Patriarch, being personally present An Uni∣versity was settled by Frederick I. in aversion to Bo∣nonia, about 1316. The Dukedom of Ferrara, is a part of Romandiola: bounded by the Peninsula of Rodighnia; (which formerly belonged to this Duke∣dom, but was taken from it by the Venetians in 1500.) on the West, by the Dukedom of Mantona; on the South by Romandiola, properly so called; and on the East by the Adriatick Sea. It was under the Family de Este, from 1336. to 1598. when upon the death of Alphonsus II. without Heirs Males, it was seized by Pope Clement VIII. as Lord of the Fee, against the pretensions of that Branch de Este, which are now Dukes of Mantoua; a Dukedom then a de∣pendent on this of Ferrara. The Tract adjacent, called Ferrarese, assumes its name from it.

Ferreri, or the Island of Iron, is the most We∣stern of all the Canary Islands: and more particular∣ly mentioned by Writers for a tree, supplying the In∣habitants with water (whereof there is none elsewhere in all the Island), by a distillation from its branches. Pet. Martyr, le Blanc, Thevet, &c.

Ferrete. See Pfirt.

Ferriers, Ferraria, a small Town in the Terri∣tory de Gastinois, towards the Confines of Senois; two Leagues from Montargis to the North, and twenty three from Paris to the South; which has a very famous Monastery in it.

Ferro, Calycadnus, a River in Cilicia.

Fertach, Syagros, Sapphar, Fartachium, a City and Kingdom on the South of Arabia Foelix, which lies about eighty German Miles from Aden to the South, in almost Long. 85. Lat. 15. 24. a hundred and thirty Miles from the entrance of the Red Sea to the South.

La Ferte-Aleps, or Alais, a Town in the Isle of France, three Leagues from Estampes to the East, and eight from Paris to the South. As this word La Ferté signifies a Fort or place of Strength, so it frequently occurreth in the Maps of France.

La Ferte sur Aube, Firmitas ad Albulam, a Town in Champagne, four Miles from Bar to the South, and twenty from Dijon to the North.

La Ferte-Bernard, Firmitas Bernardi, a Town in the Province of Maine in France, upon the River Huisne, ten or twelve Leagues below Mans. It bears the Title of a Barony.

La Ferte-Gaucher, a small Town in the Pro∣vince of Brie in France, betwixt Meaux, Sezane, and Provins.

La Ferte sur Grosne, a Town in Burgundy, two Leagues from Challon to the South.

La Ferte-sous-Iovare, Firmitas Auculphi, or Subter Jotrum, a Town in la Brie Campanoise in France, upon the River Marne, betwixt Chateau-Thierry and Meaux. The Huguenots took it in the Civil Wars of the last Age.

La Ferte-Milon, Firmitas Milonis, a Town in the Government of the Isle of France, upon the Ri∣ver Ourc or Oureque, betwixt Meaux, Soissons, and Senlis, in the Dutchy of Valois. It is a good large Town, and suffered very much in the last Age's Ci∣vil Wars.

Fervaques, Aquae fervidae, a small Town of Bathes, of warm water, in Lieuvin in Normandy; two miles and an half from Lisieux to the South, and three from Roan to the South-West: it is a very small place.

Ferventia, Fons Agri Carrinensis, a Bath in Portugal, in a Village called Cadima, two Miles from the Ocean, and the same distance from Coimbra to the West: this Fountain is mentioned by Pliny.

Fescennia, an antient Town of Hetruria in Ita∣ly: the same with the Citta Castellana, says Orte∣lius; with Galeso, says Cluverius, of the Moderns. Noted to a Proverb amongst the old Romans for a sort of jesting wanton Poetry.

Feschamp, a Town in Normandy, on the British Sea, four Miles from Le Haure, and the mouth of the Seyne to the North.

Fessole or Fiezzole, Fesulae, an antient City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, one of the twelve considerable Cities heretofore of Hetruria, being the residence of the Thuscan Augurs; and afterwards a Bishops See. There is a Treatise written by Francis Diaceti, sometimes Bishop here, of the Saints of this City.

Fetu, or Foetu, a small Kingdom in Africa, in Guiney, with a City called also Foetu, upon the Coast dell' Or, towards Cape Corso.

Feversham, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Scray Lath, with a good Port for small Ves∣sels. King Stephen, with his Queen, and Eustace his son, were all buried here in an Abbey of that King's foundation. The right Honorable Lewis de Duras enjoys the Title of Earl of this place.

Feurs, Forum Segusianum, a Town in the upper Foretz in Lionnois in France, five Leagues from Lion to the West, and six from Rohanne to the North, upon the Loire.

Fez, one of the greatest Cities in Africa, but now declining: It is the Capital of a Kingdom of the same name, in the West of Barbary; said to have been built by the Moors in 786. It is divided into three parts: Beleida, a part of Old Fez, which contains four thousand Families; Old Fez, properly so called, in which are eight hundred Families; and New Fez, which has about eight thousand Families. Old Fez, the most Western, lies upon Hills and Val∣leys intermixed; and has fifty Mosques very beauti∣ful, besides six hundred small ones. The New Fez lies in a most pleasant Plain, with a double Wall, very high and strong; and stands near the River Ʋnion, above a Mile from Old Fez. The learned Ortelius tells us, Fez in the Arabick Tongue signifies Gold: that the City Fez is built in the middle of the King∣dom, and the greatest part of it upon Mountains and Hills; so that there is no Plain but in the middle: that the River entereth into the City by two ways on∣ly; and then diffuseth it self into innumerable Bran∣ches and Channels; so that there is scarce a private House that has not a Branch of the River belonging to it; and that the rest of the water passing through the Common Sewers, do cleanse the City. The grea∣test part of the Houses are built of Stone or painted Brick: that each House has a Tower for their diver∣tisement. The great Mosque called Carruen, is half a Mile in compass, with thirty one Gates of vast height. And the Library is said to contain, besides a great number of other books, two thousand Vo∣lumes of Manuscripts in the Arabick Language. The Territory belonging to it extends from the River Burgrage to the River Gnave; and on the North from the River Suba, to the foot of Mount Atlas

South; which is called the Province of Fez, and by the Romans, Volubilis. This Kingdom of Fez was erected by Abdulack in 1212, and long since united to the Kingdom of Morocco. This Kingdom was a part of Mauritania Tingitana, and has for a Centu∣ry of years and more, suffered great and srequent Mu∣tations and Insurrections. They are the greatest Bi∣gots of all that imbrace the Mahometan Faith; and the most bitter and implacable enemies of the Christi∣an Religion; having totally extirpated it in those Regions, where there were once many great and flourishing Churches. The Kingdom of Fez is boun∣ded on the North by the Streights of Gibra tar, and the Mediterranean; on the West by the Atlantick Ocean; on the South by the Kingdom of Morocco, from which it is divided by the River Azamor; and on the East by the Kingdom of Algier: now by rea∣son of their great intestine Wars, much depopulated and ruined.

Fezzen, or Fessen, a Province of Biledulgerida in Africa, which is a Desart.

Fiano, a Castle in St. Peter's Patrimony in Ita∣ly, upon the Tibur, 15 Miles North of Rome, enno∣bled with the Title of a Dukedom.

Fianone, Flanona, Flavona, a Town and Port of the Province of Histria in Italy, upon the Adria∣tick; belonging to the Republick of Venice. It stands advanced upon a high hill.

Fidari, Lycormas, a River of Aetolia, which washeth Calidon, now Galata, a Village on the Bay of Thessalonica, on the Archipeiago.

Fidonisi, Achillea, an Island in the Euxine Sea: and also a Peninsula called of old Dromos Achillis, at the mouth of the Borysthenes, on the Eastern side. It seems to be the same with Zagori.

Fiechtelberg, Suditi & Hercinii Montes, a Ridge of Mountains which incircle Bohemia, and di∣vide it from Franconia to the West; whence spring these great Rivers; 1. Moenus, the Mayn, which en∣tereth the Rhine at Mentz. 2. Sala, the Saal, which falls into the Elb at Bernberg. 3. Egra, the Eger, which falls into the Elb, at Deutmeritz in Bohemia. 4. Nabus, the Nab, which falls into the Danube a∣bove Ratisbone. See Eichtelberg.

Fiesco, a City of Caria, called anciently Phusca, in the later Maps Fischio; a little more north than the Isle of Rhodes, and on the Mediterranean Sea.

Fife, Fifa, a County in Scotland, between the Fyrth of Tay to the North, that of Edinburg to the South, the German Ocean to the East, and Strathern and Menteith to the West. It is one of the greatest in Scotland, as being eighty four Scotch Miles in cir∣cuit; also one of the most fruitful and best inhabited parts of that Kingdom; full of considerable Towns and Places; the principal of which is S. Andrews, the Metropolitan See of that Kingdom.

Figalo, Actium, a most celebrated Promontory of Epirus. See Actium.

Figeac, Figeacum, a small City of France in Quercy, a Southern Province of that Kingdom, upon the River Sele, nine Leagues from Caors to the East, twenty eight from Tholouse to the North-East.

Figenia, Ephesus, a City of Ionia.

Filadelphia, Philadelphia, a City of Lydia, in the Les••er Asia, at the foot of Mount Tmoli, upon the River Caystrus, now Chiai, thirty two German Miles East of Smyrna. It is called by the Turks Al∣lachars, or Alla-Scheyr; that is, the City of God: of old an Episcopal See, under Sardus, but now the Metropolis, and in a tolerable Estate under the Turks: being built amongst the Hills and Mountains, it has in all times been much subject to the violence of Earthquakes. This is one of the seven Churches of Asia, mentioned in the Revelations, Long. 57. 41. Lat. 40. 15. There is here now about two hundred Houses of Christians, and four Churches. It preser∣ved it self against the Turks, after all the rest of Asia was conquered, under Orchanes, and the two Morats, till the time of Bajazet I. who began his Reign in 1387, reigned nine years, and then was taken by Ta∣merlane. And as they held out longer, so they sub∣mitted on better terms: God having preserved them, as he promised he would, even from the perfidy and rage of those destroyers. See Revel. 3. 8, 10. Whee∣ler's Travels, p. 265.

Fillech, Fillechum, a City of the Upper Hunga∣ry, five German Miles from Agria to the North, and the same from Cassovia to the West. It stands on the Road which leads from Presburg, to the Cities in the Mountains, upon the River Gayen, which falls in∣to the Danube over against Gran, in the County of Zabel. There was here a Castle; and the Town be∣ing a Frontier, was walled and very strong: taken by the Turks in 1560, retaken by the Imperialists in 1593. Again taken by the Bassa of Great Waradin in 1682. And because he and the Tekelites could not agree about it, he dismantled and deserted it.

Filippo, Philippi, a City of Macedonia, on the Confines of Thrace; seated on a steep Hill, about five German Miles from the Archipelago to the West, on the Golfo de Contessa; either built or repaired by Philip King of Macedonia, from whom it has its Name. It was afterwards a Roman Colony, and mentioned as such in the Acts of the Apostles. S. Paul preached the Christian Faith here, and wrote one of his Epistles to this Church: also famous for a Battel fought near it between Pompey and Cesar; and ano∣ther between Augustus and Cassius. In the Primitive times it was an Archbishops See, but almost buried in its own Ruines now, and desolate. See Acts 16. 12.

Filippopoli, Philippopolis, called by the Turks Fi∣libe, and Presrem, is a City and an Archbishops See in Thrace, upon the River Hebrus, now Meriza; an hundred Miles from Constantinople, ninety from Phi∣lippi to the West. Here was an Arrian Synod held in 349. And here Julian the Apostate was, when he received the news of the Death of Constantius; and thereupon discovered his concealed Apostacy. Frederick Barbarossa I, in 1189, took this and Adrianople from the Turks, which was retaken from the Christians by Amurath in 1359. This City was built by Philip the Roman Emperor, and is now in a flourishing condition; the Seat and Residence of a Turkish Sangiack, or Governor, under the Pacha of Romania.

Final, or Finale, Finalium, a strong Town, well fortified, with a Marquisate belonging to it, upon the Coasts of the Sea of Genoua in Italy, betwixt Savona and Albengua. The Marquisate is not above six miles in length, and is bounded at each end with the points of the Mountains. They both belong to the King of Spain, who surprized them in 1602, and caused the last person of the House of Carreto (that for a long time before had been the Proprietors there∣of) to be put to death.

Finichia, one of the present Names of Cilicia, a Province of the Lesser Asia next Syria.

Finkeley, a Village in the Bishoprick of Durham, in Chester Ward: mentioned in the Councils by the name of Finchala and Fincenhala: there having been a Council held at it in the year 798. by Eanbald Archbishop of York.

Finland, Finlandia, Fenni, Finnia, Fionnonia, is a very spatious Country; heretofore a distinct King∣dom, but now subject to the Crown of Sweden, and distinguished with the Title of a Dukedom belonging to the King of Sweden's sons. Bounded on the North

by Desarts or unknown Countries, from which it is separated by the Lake and River Ʋla Tresk: on the West it has the Botner Sea, a Branch of the Baltick; on the South the Bay of Finland, another Branch of it; and on the East, the Dominions of the Great Duke of Muscovy. It contains several very great Pro∣vinces, as Ciania, Tavasthia, Nylandia, Carelia, Sa∣volaxia, and Finland properly so called; which is the most Southern and most noble. Aboa a Town upon the River Aurojoki, over against the Isle of Aland, is the Capital of this Kingdom▪ and the Seat of the Swedish Viceroy. This Kingdom was first conquered to the Crown of Sweden in 1384, by Erick one of their Kings. In 1571, the Muscovites intending a Conquest fell into it with a Savageness and Cruelty hard to be expressed, or believed; but were recalled by an Irruption of the Tartars upon their own Countries. It is called by the Inhabitants and Swedes, Finner; by the Danes, Finder; by the Germans, Fennen; by the Dutch, Finlander. Cluverius saith, it is a considerable part of the King∣dom of Sweden; and that it is fruitful, and affords excellent Pasturage.

Finmark, Finmarchia, called by the Inhabitants Taakemarch and Finmark, is a Province of the Kingdom of Norway, on the Western Ocean. The Southern part of it is subject to the Danes; the Nor∣thern to the Swedes. This Country is barren, rocky, covered with dreadful Woods, full of Bears and Wolves, and other ravenous Beasts: the Inhabitants till of late lived in Summer, like the Nomades, wan∣dring from place to place, as the convenience of Wa∣ter and Pasture invited them. The Princes under whom they now are, to reduce them from this va∣grant way of living, granted the Lands to the first Occupant, by which means some parts are improved; but the more barren can be used no other way, and therefore are left still in common. The Inhabitants are a mongrel sort of Christians, extreamly ignorant and barbarous; infamous for Witchcraft, revengeful beyond belief, and as rugged as the Country they in∣habit.

Fionda, a small Village on the Shoars of the Me∣diterranean Sea, in the Lesser Asia, in the Confines of Lycia and Pamphylia; which in the Roman times was called Phaselis, and before Pityussa: it lies East of the Chelidonian Rocks, and West of Mount Ma∣sicytus, two hundred and twenty English Miles from the most Western Cape of Cyprus. A Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Myra, now Stramita: but so very small, that little notice is taken of it in the ••••ter Maps.

Fionia. See Fuynen.

Fionissi, Lyssus, a Town in Creet (Candia), on the Western Shoar; near the most Southern Cape of that Island.

Fiore, Ossa, a River of Italy, in the Dominions of the Great Duke of Florence, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea at Telemont, a small Sea-Port be∣longing to Sienna.

Fiorenza. See Florence.

Firando, a City and Kingdom of Japan, in that part which is called Ximo; to which there belongs an Island of the same Name, on the Western Shoar also.

Firi, Maxera, Mazeras, a River of Hyrcania, which falls into the Hyrcanian Sea.

Firmiana, Firmanorum Castrum, a small Castle on the Adriatick Sea, in the Marca Anconitana, near the Mouth of the River Tinna: now common∣ly called Fermo; thirty Italian Miles from Ancona to the South, and an Archbishops See.

Fischio, Phusca, a Maritim City of Caria, in the Les••er Asia, over against the Isle of Rhodes, about eighty four English Miles from Ephesus to the South. In the later Maps, it is placed much more to the East than the Isle of Rhodes.

Fishgard, a Market Town in Pembrokeshire▪ in the Principality of Wales, and the Hundred of Ke∣meys.

Fismes, Fimae, ad fines, a Town in the Province of Champaigne in France, upon the River Vesle. Two Councils have been assembled at it in the years 881 and 935, which write it, Finibus apud Sanctam Ma∣cram, from a Stone ('tis supposed) that serves as a Boundary, hard by, to the Bishopricks of Rheims, Laon, and Soissons.

Flagania. See Paphlagonia.

Flaiz, Flaicus, an Isle of France. belonging to Santoigne.

Flamborough-head, a noted Promontory in the East Riding of Yorkshire; two Miles from Burling∣ton Bay: so called from the small Town, Flambo∣rough, standing in it.

Flanders, Flandria, by the Natives call'd Vlaen∣deren, is the greatest and noblest of those Seventeen Provinces called the Low Countries: Bounded on the East with Hainault and Brabant; on the West with the British Ocean; on the North with the Seas of Zealand; and on the South in part by Artois, and in part by Hainault and Picardy: of which Artois was at first a part, and after five or six descents, re∣united again to it. This Province, saith Ortelius, is most excellent Pasture, especially towards the West. It affords excellent Kine, and warlike Horses; and abounds in Butter, Cheese, and excellent Wheat. The People are much given to Merchandize and Cloath∣ing; their Linnen (having plenty of Flax and Hemp) exceeds all other Countries; and as to Woollen, they having the Wooll from Spain and England, improve it by their industry to a wonder, and then supply all the World with the Product. But in this the zeal of Philip II. King of Spain, has altered the state of things in a great degree. This Province has twenty eight walled Towns or Cities, a thousand one hun∣dred and fifty Villages; besides Forts, Castles, and Noble Mens Houses; and a great number of Abbeys, Priories, Colleges, and Monasteries. It has five Vis∣counties, three Principalities, four Ports, and thirty one Chatellanies. The principal of which in Ortelius his time was Gaunt. This great Province was divided into three Parts; 1. Flanders Flammengant, bound∣ed on the East by the Imperial Flanders, and the Scheld; on the West by the British Seas; on the North by the Seas of Zealand; and on the South with Artois and Flanders Gallicant; the principal City of which was Gaunt. 2. Imperial Flanders, so called, because it was a Fee of the Empire; divided from Brabant, on the East by the River Dender; and from the Gallick Flanders on the West by the Scheld; on the North it has the River Dender, and on the South Hainault; the principal Town of this is Alost, whence it is now commonly called the County of Alost. 3. Flanders Gallicant, so called, because the French Tongue was heretofore most spo∣ken in it. This has Hainault on the East, Artois on the South, the British Sea on the West, and Flanders Flammigant on the North; from which it is parted by the River Leye; the chiefest Town is L'isle, Insula. First united to France by Dagobert one of their Kings; by whom about 621. it was granted to Liderick de Buque, with the Title of Forester. In 864. it was granted to Baldwin I. by the Title of Earl of Flanders, the Sovereignty being reserved to France, whose Homagers these Earls were. This Earldom by the Marriage of Philip Duke of Burgundy with Margaret Daughter of Lewis de Ma∣latin Earl of Flanders in 1369. came into the House

of Burgundy; and so to the House of Austria by the Marriage of Mary Daughter and Heir of Charles the Hardy, to Maximilian Emperor of Germany, in 1476. in which Family it still is. This though the prime Earldom of all Europe, yet was a Homager to the Crown of France; till Charles V. having taken Francis I. his Prisoner in the Battel of Pavy in Italy, by a Treaty at Madrid, infranchised it from that Ser∣vitude. Since the time of Philip II. it has been ex∣treamly curtailed and harassed; many of the Inhabi∣tants flying then into England, not only depopula∣ted, but impoverished it by carrying away its Trade. And the Hollanders Revolting, not only added to this Calamity by a War of forty years continuance, but took from them several Towns in the Northern parts. Of later times, the French have made the same devastations on the Southern, so that not above half Flanders is now left to the Spaniards, and that in a weak and declining condition.

Flassans, a small Village in Provence, in the Dio∣cese of Fre••us: remark'd for giving name to an emi∣nent Poet of that Country in the thirteenth Century; as likewise in the person of Sieur de Flassans, sirna∣med the Knight of the Faith, for his zeal against the Huguenots of Provence in 1562.

Flatholm, an Island in the Severn, over against Somersetshire.

Flavigni, Flaviniacum, a small Town in the Tract of Auxois in Burgundy, betwixt Dijon and Samur, upon a little River near the antient Alize. There stands an Abbey of the Benedictines in it.

La Fleche, a Town in the Province of Anjou in France, upon the Loyre, towards the Frontiers of Maine. Henry le Grand founded a College of Je∣suits there in 1603: whose heart is interred in the same.

Flensburg, Flensburgum, a City of the Kingdom of Denmark, on the South of Jutland, upon the Bay of Flens, on the Baltick Sea, in the Dukedom of Sleswick, four German Miles West of the Isle of Alsen, and 6 from Frederichstad to the North-East. It is but small, seated on high Hills with a large Ha∣ven, and a strong Castle. The City is under the King of Denmark; but the Territory which belongs to it, is under the Duke of Holstein Gottorp. Chri∣stian V. King of Denmark was born here in the year 1646.

Flerus, a Village in the County of Namur, below Charleroy, near the Sambre; rendered remarkable by the Battel betwixt the French and Dutch Armies, on July 1. 1690. fought upon the Plains thereof, with the Victory to the French.

Fleury, or S. Benoît sur Loyre, Floriacum, a small Town which has a noble and an ancient Mona∣stery of the Order of S. Benedict, whose Body lies in∣terred therein: seated upon the Loir, nine Leagues from Orleans to the East. It stands, according to some, in Le Gastinois; to others, in the Dukedom of Orleans; and deserves to be remembred for the sake of Hugo Floriacensis, a Learned Monk of this House, who wrote a loyal and a christian Discourse concern∣ing the Origine of Monarchy, which he dedicated to Henry II. King of England; Published by Baluzius in his fourth Tome of Miscellanies. § There is ano∣ther Fleury in the Dukedom of Burgundy, upon the River Ousche; three Leagues from Dijon to the West: A third in Biere, which has a Priory; and a fourth in the Isle of France.

Fliez, Phligadia, a Mountain in Sclavonia. La∣zius placeth it in Liburnia, upon the Adriatick Sea.

Flie, Flevo, an Island at the Mouth of the Rhine, which has a fine Haven, and a rich Town. It stands at the entrance of the Zuidersee, near the Texel. The English Fleet under Sir Robert Holms, entred this Port in 1666: burnt one hundred sixty five Sail of Ships, and took and burnt the Town of Schelling, which is the chief of that Island.

Flintshire, one of the twelve Shires in Wales; bounded on the North with an Arm of the Irish Sea, which parts it from Cheshire, on the East of it; and on all the other Quarters, by Denbighshire. It is Hilly, but not mountainous; fruitful in Wheat and Barley, but especially Rie: upon the Northern Shoar stands Flint Castle, which gives name to the whole Shire; begun by Henry II. and finished by Edward I. wherein Richard II. renounced the Crown of En∣gland. Whereupon Henry Duke of Lancaster claim∣ed it, and intailed a War on the English Nation, that bid fair for its Ruine. The Title of Earl of Flint belongs to the Prince of Wales.

Flix, a strong Castle upon the River Ebro in Ca∣talonia, supposed to be the old Ibera.

S. Florentin, a Town of France in Senois, in Champagne.

Florence, Florentia, one of the principal Cities of Italy, called by Pliny, Fluentia; by the Italians, Fiorenza; and proverbially epitheted La bella, from its great beauty. The Capital of the Province of Tos∣cany and the Residence of the Great Duke. It was built by Sylla's Soldiers in the Year of Rome 675, se∣venty six years before the Birth of our Saviour, up∣on the River Arno, which passeth through it, and is covered by four stately Bridges within the Walls. It is five, or as others say, seven Miles in compass: pa∣ved with Stone, adorned with large Streets, and state∣ly magnificent Buildings, both publick and private; to the Beauty of which the natural Ingenuity of the Citizens has contributed very much; no place having afforded more excellent Architects, Painters and Carvers, than this, as Schottus observes. It is seated in a gentle and healthful Air, upon a great and a na∣vigable River; surrounded with a delicate Plain, plea∣sant Hills, high Mountains; and abounding in what∣soever is valuable or useful; said to contain above se∣ven hundred thousand Souls. It may justly own Charles the Great for its Founder, who in 902, en∣larged, and new Walled it; adding one hundred and fifty Towers, an hundred Cubits high; from whence∣forward it began to flourish, though it suffered very much from the Factions of the Guelphs and Gibellins, that is, the Imperial and Papal Parties. This City purchased its Liberty of Rodolphus the Emperor about 1285, after which they subjected many of their Neighbours; but were never quiet from Foreign Wars, or Intestine Divisions, till they fell under a second Monarchic Government: in the interim Pope Martin V. advanced the Bishop to an Archbishop, in 1421. Nor is it less remarkable for a Council held here for uniting the Greek and Latin Churches; which began in 1439, and ended in 1442. Nor is the Death of Jerome Savanarola to be forgotten, who was burnt here in 1494, for reproving the Vices of those who love them too well to part with them. It surrendred it self to Charles V. in 1529, who granted it the year following to Alexander de Medi∣ces his Son in Law, with the Title of a Dukedom, under which Family it still is; enlarged in Bounds, but perhaps diminished in Wealth and People. Besides the Council I mention, there have been many other held here, which for brevity I must omit; as also the vast number of excellent Men here born; the noble Library, call'd Bibliotheca Laurentiana, which is one of the best in the whole World for Manuscripts; the excellent Pieces of Architecture, Sculpture and Paint∣ing (of which sort this City shews some Pieces drawn by John Cimabac, who about 1200, began to revive the Art of Painting in Italy, before which this Art was only exercised by Greeks) and many other Rari∣ties

plentifully enough here to be found. It has three Citadels, built by its Dukes at several times. They observe, that the politeness of the Italian Tongue shines in its greatest perfection here, tho not so well pronounced as by the Romans: whence that Country Proverb, La lingua Toscana in bocca Romana. The praise whereof is in great part to be ascrib'd to the fa∣mous Academy della Crusca, Authors of the Italian Vocabulary, established in this City. Long. 34. 03. Lat. 43. 15.

Florensac, a Town in Provence, seated on a Ri∣ver, nine Miles from Narbonne to the North-East, and six from Frontignan to the West.

Flores, or Isla de Flores, one of the Azores in the Atlantick Ocean, under the Portuguese.

Florida, a very large and fruitful Country in the North America; so called because the Spaniards dis∣covered it on Palm Sunday, which in their Language they call Parcua de Flores, in 1512. The English had before this discovered it; Sebastian Cabot, sent by Henry VII. in 1479, to find a way to the East-Indies by the West, being the very first European that landed here. But the Spaniards went further, searched throughly, and took Possession of it for the King of Spain: however, the English have renewed their old Claim, and taken Possession of the more Northern Part by the name of Pensilvania, of which I shall speak in due time. The Inhabitants call Flo∣rida, Jaquasa; it lies parallel with Castile in Spain, and said to be of the same temper both for Air and Soil, but abundantly more fruitful. Bounded on the North-East with Virginia; on the East with Mar del Nort; on the South, and some part of the West with the Bay of Mexico; and on the rest of the West with New Gallicia, and some Countries not yet discovered. It extends from the River of Palms 25 degr. of Lat. to Rio de Secco, in Long. 34. which evidently shews▪ that it is a large Country. The Spaniards have only two Castles in the Southern Parts, S. Matthew, and S. Augustin. It lies in breadth where it is narrowest thirty Miles, and in other parts an hundred: towards the North beyond Florida is Canada. The whole Country is flat; a∣bounds with Rivers, which make it over-moist; but towards the Sea it is more sandy. In 1520, and 1524, Lucas Ʋsquez invaded it to find Men to work in the Mines. In 1528, Pamphilus Narviesius travelled over it. In 1528, Ferdinandus Soto went thither after Peru was conquered, with three hundred Horse, and four hundred Foot, to look for Gold; but find∣ing none returned empty and discontented, bestow∣ing only the Name of Florida upon the Country. In 1549, Charles V. sent some Priests thither to Con∣vert the Natives; but the Natives destroyed them. Under Charles IX. of France, in 1562, Charles Ri∣bald sailed thither, made a League with the Inhabi∣tants, and built Charles Fort, setling a French Colo∣ny. And in 1564. Renatus Laudonerius was kindly treated by the Natives; which the Spaniards obser∣ving, and fearing, they surprised the French, and hanged not only the meaner sort, but many Gentle∣men too. In 1576. Dominic Gurges, a Gascoign, manned out a Ship at his own cost and charge, and retook Charles Fort, repaying the Spaniards in their own kind. The Spaniards (who were then much in the favour of the French) had like to have been too hard for him at his return. The Soil is very fruit∣ful, yields plenty of Sassafras, and may have rich Mines; but the Inhabitants take no pains to find them, and not much to Till the Earth, which yields them two Crops of Maze in each year, one in March, and another in June: this is the natural bread of the Country, by which, and Hunting only, the Natives subsist. Who are of Olive Complexions, great of Stature, go Naked, except what they are more con∣cerned to hide; naturally lovers of War, out of a re∣vengeful and unquiet Temper.

Flumica, Crimisa, a River of Calabria Citerior, which falls into the Bay of Taranto, near Capo dell' Alice; four Miles from the Promontory of Santa Maria di Leuca; which is the most South-Eastern Cape of Italy and Europe to the West. The Cape, the Village dell' lo Zeiro, and il Capo dell' Alice, were by the ancient Geographers called Crimisa, as well as the River, though they have now three seve∣ral names.

Flushing, Ʋlissinga, Flissinga, is a Maritime Town in the Province of Zeeland in the Low Countries; seated on the Mouth of the Scheld, in the Isle of Wal∣cheren, one League from Middleburgh, upon the most Southern point of that Island. It has a very convenient Haven, and the intire Command of the Scheld; without whose License no Ship can pass up the River to Antwerp. One of the first Towns the Hollander took by surprize from the Spaniards in 1572. by the diligence of Vorst a Seaman, and one Monsieur de Berland, the Bailiff thereof. Then a mean place, of no great strength or consideration; but since fortified by the Hollanders, to the utmost degree of human Art. This, the Briel, and Fort of Ramekins, were, in 1585. put into the hands of Queen Elizabeth, as Cautionary Towns for the re∣payment of such Monies as she should expend in their Protection against the Spaniards: and the famous Sir Philip Sidney was made by her the first Governor of it. But in 1616. King James I. resigned all a∣gain into the hands of the Hollanders. The Prince of Orange is the Proprietor of this Town. It is the key of the Sea of the Low Countries. See Cadiz. § In the Island of Tabago in the Southern America, the Hollanders built a Fortress, and call'd it New Flushing: which the French took and rased in 1677.

Fluvian, Clodianus, a River of Catalonia, com∣monly called El Llobregat; it ariseth from the Py∣renean Hills, near Junquera in the borders of France and Rousillon; and falls into the Mediterranean Sea near Empures, or Poret; almost seven Miles from Perpignan to the North, and two from Narbonne to the South.

Fochien, or Fokien, a Province in China; bound∣ed on the North by Chekiam, on the West by Kiamsi, on the South by Quamtum, and on the East by the Chinian Ocean: between 24. and 27. deg. of Lati∣tude. It is said to contain eight Cities, whereof Fo∣chen is the chief; forty eight walled Towns, and 509200 Families.

Fodway, a City in the Lower Hungary, which was formerly an Archbishops See: stands in view of Co∣locza, a City twelve Miles distant from Buda.

Foeroe, Feroae, Provincia Feroensis, Insulae Fa∣renses, by the Inhabitants called Feroier, is a Pro∣vince subject to the King of Denmark as King of Norway; consisting of 17 Islands in the Northern Ocean, which have Norway on the East; Orkney and Scotland on the South-East; Greenland on the West, and Iseland on the North-West; under 62 deg. 10. min. of Lat. separated by deep and rapid Waters; from one Mile long to 24, and from one to eight broad; extending from North to South sixty Miles, in breadth above forty; all cultivated and inhabited. Their Names are Fugloe, Suinoe, Wideroe, Bordoe, Kunoe, Kalsoe, Osteroe, Nolsoe, Stromoe, (which is the largest) Waagoe, Myggeness, Kolster, Hestoe, Sandoe, Skuoe, Slorediemen, and Sudoroe. In Stromoe there is a good Harbor called Thorsehaven; where the general Commerce of the Land is established,

and the King's Contributions kept, under the Prote∣ction of a Fort built by Christian IV. King of Den∣mark. Their Commodities are Skins, Feathers, Tal∣low, Train-Oil, Fish, but especially Stockins; where∣of they export yearly above 60000 pair, in their Trade to Iseland, Norway and Denmark, which they perform without Silver Money, by adjusting their Pri∣ces, and taking Ware for Ware. Here is Angelica, radix Rhodia, plenty of high Grass and wild Cattel; whence the Province bears a wild Sheep for their Arms. These Islands became first inhabited by the Norwegians about the year 868, being governed by their own Chiefs, till reduced to the Obedience of the Kings of Norway in the Eleventh Century: who at the same time erected them into a Bishoprick. For in an Ordinance of Hagen Duke of Norway, son to King Magnus, dated in 1040. relating to this Peo∣ple (which was confirmed to them by Christian IV. King of Denmark, Feb. 4. 1637.) we find Mr. El∣lender mentioned with the Title of Bishop of Feroe. Upon the Reformation, Christian IV. translated this Bishoprick into a Provos••ship under the Bishops of Bergen; which has since been subjected to those of Copenhagen, upon the removal of the Commerce of Feroe from Bergen thither. There are in all thirty nine Parish Churches, divided into seven Church-Cor∣porations (as they call them) and to each Corporati∣on one Priest of the Faith of the Confession of Aus∣burgh; who besides little Contributions from Com∣municants, receives for Tithes (not the Tenth, but) the fourth part of Corn, Butter, Wool and Fish: and makes out the rest of his Maintenance for himself and Family, by honest Working and Tillage. At Thorsehaven there is a School for the Youth, erected and endowed by Christian III. King of Denmark. They speak the Danish and Norwegian Languages mixt; and are governed according to the Laws of Norway. See Lucas Jacobson Debes, sometime Pro∣vost of Feroe, his Description of the Islands and Inha∣bitants, translated out of Danish, and printed Lond. 1672.

Foggia, a small Town in the Capitanata in the Kingdom of Naples, upon the River Cervaro, seven or eight miles from the Adriatick Ocean. There is a famous Custom-house here, call'd La Dogana di Foggia.

Fogie, Phocaea, a Town in the Lesser Asia, upon the Archipelago, over against the Isle of Metelino; seated upon the River Lohat (Hermus): called an∣ciently Phociae, and now Fochia, or Foja Nova: a very considerable Place, and made more so by a Naval Victory, obtained here by the Venetians over the Turks, in 1649.

Foglia, Isaurus, Pisaurus, a River of Italy: it springeth from the Apennine, and running through the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, falls into the Adriatick Sea at Pesaro.

Foix, Fuxum, or Fuxium, a Town in Langue∣doc, upon the River Lauriegne, at the foot of the Py∣renean Hills, from which the adjacent Country is cal∣led the County of Foix: it stands six Leagues from the borders of Spain to the North, and twelve from Tolouse to the South. § Le Comte de Foix, called by the Spaniards, El Contado de foix, is a County in Aquitain in France, which was heretofore a part of Le Conserans, but now contained in Languedoc: there are sixteen Castellanies or Prefectures in it; and the Cities of Pamiers (Apamea), Tarascon, and Foix, from which it has its name. This gives a Title to a Noble Family of France, frequently mentioned in all their Stories.

Fokien. See Fochien.

Fokingham, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Aveland.

Foligni. See Fuligno.

Folkeston, a Market Town in Kent in Shepway▪ Lath. It belongs as a Member to the Port of Dover, containing formerly five Parishes; now reduced to one.

Fondi, Fundi, a small City in Terra d•• Lavoro, a Province of Naples, upon the borders of Campagna di Roma, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbi∣shop of Capua; from whence it stands almost forty English Miles to the North-West, and about fifty five from Rome to the South; in a fruitful Plain, about six miles from the Ionian Sea. There is a Castle in Fondi. It has the honour to be an Earldom, and gives its Name to a Lake in the Vicinage. In the year 1594. the Turks pillaged it. The famous Ad∣miral Barberoasse with some Troops of Pyrates made once a Descent upon it, with a design to steal Julia de Gonzagua, Widow of Vespasian Colonna, one of the finest Women of that Age, to make a Present of her to Solyman the Grand Seignior. And narrowly mis∣sing her, he set fire, in revenge, to the Town.

Il Lago di Fondi, is a Lake that lies between the former City, and the Sea; which was heretofore very great and equal to that called the Pomptinae Pa∣ludes, by the Romans; but now reduced to a circuit of about four Miles, as Baudrand saith, who saw it in 1667.

Font-Astoruge, Orge, a small River in Provence, commonly called Sorgue, in the County of Vendosme, which falls into the Rhosne above Avignon.

Fontain-bleau, Fons-Bellaqueus, or the Fountain of fair Water; is a most delicious Village in the Isle of France, in the Territory de Gastinois, not above one Mile from the Seyne, and fourteen from Paris to the South. In which Francis I. built a most stately royal Country House, much improved by Henry IV. Lewis VII. had before built a Castle here in 1169, and to it this noble House was added by his Successors; in which was born Francis II. in 1••••4. Henry III. in 1551. Lewis XIII. in 1604. Philip the Fair was also born in this Town in 1266. The Conference of Religion at this place May 4. 1600. in the presence of Henry le Grand, King of France, his Chancellors and Secretaries, seven Princes and divers Bishops, betwixt the Sieur du Plessis Mornay and James Davy Bishop of Eureux (afterwards Cardinal of Per∣ron) upon an Accusation made by the latter that Du Plessis had falsified the Fathers in the Citations of his book against the Mass in no less than 500 places, may be mentioned here as one of the most famous Occurrences as to Religion of this Age. The result of it was this, the learned Thuanus and Pithaeus be∣ing Commissioners for ordering of the Dispute on the Roman Catholicks side, and Isaac Casaubon with others (according to the Kings appointment) for the Huguenots. After an Examination of nine Passages that day, it appearing sometimes the Objection was taken for the Answer, sometimes Words omitted and Sentences curtailed and others misapplied, there was no continuing of the Conference longer; for Du Plessis retired into the Country sick, and dyed soon after. In 1679. there was a Peace concluded here, between the Crowns of Sweden and Denmark, by which the Swedes recovered whatever had been taken from them by the Danes.

Fontanelle, a Village and Monastery in Norman∣dy, upon the Seyne, twelve Miles from Roan to the East.

Fontana Bianca, Naustathmus, a Sea-Port on the Eastern Shoar of Sicily, at the mouth of the River Cacyparis, twelve Miles from Syracuse to the South.

Fontarabia, Fons Rapidus, called by the Inha∣bitants Fuenteravia, and sometimes Ondarrivia, and Ondar Ibaya; by the French, Fontarabie; by the Italians, Fontarabia; is a very strong Town in

Guipuscoa in Spain, upon the Shoars of the Bay of Biscay, upon the River Vidosa (Bassages), in the Confines of France and Spain. Built by the Goths in 625. It belonged as is pretended heretofore to France, as part of the Territory of Bayonne, and subject to that Bishop, till Philip II. King of Spain in 1571. caused it to be taken from that Diocese. It is so seated, that at low Water it is easily entered, but at high Water surrounded with the Sea; and so forti∣fied besides, that a few Men may defend it against a vast Army: so that it is the Key of the Kingdom of Spain; and also a convenient Haven. The French have had an Eye upon this place. In 1638. under the Prince of Conde, and the Duke of Espernon, they attempted to reduce it; but were beaten off with great shame and loss, the two Generals mutually bla∣ming each other after the ill success. I have read that Charles V. after he had fortified this place, called it his Pillow, upon which he could securely sleep; and it has proved so.

Fontenay, a Town near Auxerre in the Province of Burgundy in France: famous in History for the bloody Battel fought at it betwixt the four Sons of Lewis the Debonnaire in 841, wherein above a hun∣dred thousand men were slain upon the place, with the Victory to the two younger Brothers, Charles the Bald and Lewis, the German.

Fontenay le Comte, Fontenacum, Fontenaeum, the chief Town of Poictou, upon the River Vendee, seven Miles North-East of Fochel: it is a fine Town, seated at the foot of an Hill, and made rich by a great Fair kept here.

Fonteuralt, Fons Ebraldi, a little Town in An∣jou in France, which has a very much celebrated Nunnery; the Abbess of which is Head of the Order, and governs all the Men of that Order. It stands about one League from the Loyre, and three from Salmur to the North-East.

Forcalquier, Forum Neronis, once a City of Gal∣lia Narbonensis, mentioned by Pliny; now a Town in Provence upon the River Laye, which is the Capi∣tal of a County of the same name. It stands upon an Hill, between Sisteron to the South-East, and Apt [Apta Julia] to the North-East; six Miles from the latter, and eleven from Aix to the North. The Title of Earl of this place and the Lands adjacent, is born by the Crown.

Forcheim, Forchena, Locoritum, Trutavia, a small City in Franconia, upon the River Rednitz, where it takes in the Wisent to the North; four Miles from Bamberg to the South, under the Bishop of Bamberg.

Forcone, Avia, Furconium, once a City of Italy, now a Village in the further Abruzzo, upon the River Pescara, (Aternus) eight Miles from Aquila; to which place the Bishops See was removed, upon the ruin of this ancient City by the Lombards.

Fordingbridg, a Market Town in the County of Southampton. The Capital of its Hundred.

Fordon, Fordunum, a strong Town in the Coun∣ty of Mern in the North of Scotland; ten Miles from the German Ocean, and fifteen from Aberdeen to the North-East. In this Place John de Fordon, the Author of the Scotichronicon, was born: but it was anciently much more honoured on the account of Palladius, the Apostle of the Scotch, here buried; who was sent by Pope Celestine in 431. to Preach the Christian Faith to this Nation.

Fordsham, a Market Town in Cheshire upon the Banks of the River Weever.

Fordwich, a Member of the Town and Port of Sandwich in Kent.

Forenza, Forentum, a Town in Abruzzo in Italy.

Le Foretz, or Foresiens, a Country of France, extended in length from North to South upon the River Loyre, and bounded on the North by Bourbon, on the West by Auvergne; on the East by Beaujo∣lois; and on the South by Velay. It is divided into the Upper Foretz, (in which are Fe••rs, and St. Esti∣enne;) and the Lower, in which is Monbrison the Capital, and Roanne. This is a very fruitful Coun∣ty under the Jurisdiction of Lyon.

Forest Noire, or the Black Forest, a large Wood extending from South to North the space of ten or twelve Leagues, as far as to the Neighbourhood of Strasburgh, beginning about Basil. The four Towns, standing at a little distance from the head of it, (viz. Rhinfeld••, Lauffembourg, Seckinghen, and Wald∣shust) are hence called the four Forest Towns.

La Forest, Sebusiani, or Segusiani Populi, the same with Foretz.

La Forest de Biere, Sylva Bierica, the Wood by Fountain-bleau.

La Forest de Bondis, Sylva Bugiensis, a Forest on the borders of Savoy.

The Forest of Dean, a vast Wood in Glouoester∣shire, which in ancient Times was exceeding dark, and terrible to pass through; between the River Wye and the Severn: it was so great an Harbor for Thieves, that robbed all Passengers, that in the Reign of Henry VI. of England, there were Laws made to restrain them: but (saith Mr. Cambden▪) since the rich Iron Mines were found here, those frightful Woods by degrees became much thinner than before: and the Rebels of 1640. promoted it, by selling the Timber of it to the Hollanders; who returned their kindness by a War, in Ships built of the same.

Forflamine, Forum Flaminii, a City of Ʋmbria, ruined by the Lombards in 740. It stood three Miles from Nuceria.

Forli, Forum Livii, a City of Romandiola, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ravenna: It stands in a Plain near the little River Ronco and the foot of the Hills, with a Castle; at the distance of fifteen Miles from Ravenna to the South, between the Cities of Cesena and Faventia; within the Domi∣nions of the Pope. Blondus the Historian was born here.

La Formentera, Ophiusa, one of the two Islands which were antiently called Pityusae, in the Medi∣terranean, upon the Coast of Spain, toward Ivica. As desart now, as we read it was in Strabo's time: in∣habited only by a number of wild Asses.

Formigue, Formicae, one of the Isles de Hyeres, upon the Coast of Provence, in the Mediterranean Sea.

Formipt, Gedrosia, a Province on the East of the Kingdom of Persia, now by others called Send; which is bounded on the East by India, on the South by the Ocean, on the West by Macran, and on the North by the Desart of Segista.

Formosa, an Island, by the Spaniards so named from the beauty and fertility of its soil, in the Ori∣ental Ocean, twenty four Leagues from China, to∣wards the Coasts of the Provinces of Fochien and Quantung. Inhabited by about 25000 Chinese, who govern themselves in the manner of a Republick with∣out acknowledging of any King or Sovereign. The Hollanders expell'd the Portuguese hence in 1635, and the Chinese them in 1661. It is a hundred and thirty Leagues in circuit, a hundred and fifty distant from Japan▪ and subject to Earthquakes▪ Called other∣wise Lequeio, Talieukie••, and Paccande. Its prin∣cipal Town, is Theovan or Tayoan, at which the Hol∣landers built a Fort with the name of Zeland. There is a Golden Mine found in this Island.

Le Fornaci, one of the Mouths of the River Po, in the Dukedom of Ferrara, about six Miles from the other Mouth: by this the Po di Ariano, dis∣chargeth it self into the Adriatick Sea: it serves also as a Boundary between the Pope and the Venetians, and i•• more commonly called il Porto di Goro.

Fornoue, a small Town in the Parmesan, in Ita∣ly: remembred by the Battel of Charles VIII. King of France, in his return from the Conquest of Naples; at which, with nine thousand men only he got the Victory over an Army of forty thousand of the Confe∣derates July 6. 1495.

Forstler, a City in Hassia. See Frislar.

Fort de Alinges, a Fort in Savoy, upon the Ri∣ver Drance, two Leagues from the Lake Lemane; which is now forsaken and ruined.

Forta-ventura, one of the Azores, West of Ca∣naria. About seventy Leagues in Circuit, but in the middle not above four over. There is a Town in it of the same Name.

Forth. See Fryth.

Fort-Louis, a Cittadel in the Island of Cayenne, in the South America, at the Mouth of the River Cayenne: Built by the French in 1643. Taken by the Hollanders in 1675. and retaken by the French the year after.

Fortoro, Tifernus, a River of Abruzzo: it ariseth out of the Apennine, in the County of Molise, in the Kingdom of Naples, near the City of Boiano; and flowing to the North-West, watereth Lucito, Guar∣dia, Alferes and Iscano; and falls into the Adriatick Sea, between Tremole and Trino, over against the Isle di Tremiti. This River is more usually called Biferno.

Fossa, Cremera, a River of Italy, much mentioned in all the ancient Historians, for the ruine of the Fa∣••i••, a great Roman Family: it springeth out of the Lake of Bacano, in S. Peter's Patrimony; and run∣ning Eastward falls into the Tibur, six Miles above Rome.

Fossano, Fossanum, a City of Piedmont, upon the River St••ra, which falls into the Po: it lies between Saluces to the North, and Mondovi to the South, fifteen Miles from Alba to the West: built in 1236. and now a Bishops See, founded by Pope Gregory XIII. under the Archbishop of Turin.

Fossat, Memphis, the first Name of Grand Cairo, and a small part of it.

Fossato, Fossatum, a Field in Romandiola, near Ravenna. Theodoricus King of the Ostrogoths in Italy, (who was honoured by Zeno the Emperour with a Statue and a Triumph in 484) had leave from the Emperour to enter a War with Odoacer then reigning in Italy; and accordingly beat him in this place, about 491. § Fossato, a Town in the States of the Church in the Marchia Anconitana, on the Apennine Hills, near the Confines of the Duke∣dom of Ʋrbine, twelve Miles from Eugubio to the West.

Fosse-Werd, a Territory in West-Friesland.

Fossigny, or Foucigni, Fociniacus Tractus, a Pro∣vince in the Dukedom of Savoy, at the foot of the Alpes, which is a part of the Dukedom of Geneva, between le Vall••ys to the East, and the State of Ge∣neva to the West: Heretofore a dependent of the Dauphinate, but now subject to the Duke of Savoy. There are in it thirteen Mandements, or Districts; and the chief Town is Bonville. The Title of a Barony is annexed to it.

Fossombruno, Fossombrone, Forum Sempronii, a City in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, in the State of the Church, which is a Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Ʋrbino: it stands near the River Metro, [Metaurus] which falls into the Adriatick Sea, four Miles from Senogalla, about half a Mile from the place where the old City stood; and is ten Miles from Ʋrbino to the East. It was sold to the Duke of Ʋr∣bino, by Galeatius Malatesta, the Lord of it, for thirteen thousand Florins of Gold, in the time of Pope Sixtus VI.

Fossone, Fossae, one of the Mouths of the Ri∣ver Po.

Fotheringhay-Castle, a Town and ancient Castle in the County of Northampton, in the Hundred of Willibrook, pleasantly surrounded with the Meadows on all sides. Mary, Queen of Scots, was beheaded here.

Foulsham, a Market Town in the County of Nor∣folk, in the Hundred of Eynesford.

Fougeres, Fugeria, Fulgerium, a City in Bre∣tagne in France, upon the River Coesnon, towards the Borders of Normandy, eight Miles from Auran∣ches [Abrincae] to the South, and as many from Dole. Heretofore a Place of considerable Strength, but now neglected. It was seized by the English in time of Truce, in 1448. in the Reign of Henry VI.

Fowey, a Market Town in the County of Corn∣wall, in the Hundred of Powder, returning two Bur∣gesses to the Parliament.

Fraemont, commonly called Pilate's Mount, is a Mountain in Switzerland near Lucerne, having a Spring at the Top of it.

Fraga, Fragues, Flavia Gallic••, a strong Town in the Kingdom of Arragon, upon the River [Cinca] or Cinga, which falls into the Segne, and with it in∣to the Ebro, in the Borders of Catalonia: it stands three Leagues from Ilerda to the South-West. Near this place Alphonsus VII. King of Arragon, was overthrown and slain by the Moors in 1134.

Fraires, Fratres, Nesides, two small Islands on the Coast of Bretagne, called the Brothers, or les Isles de Vannes: they lie between the Mouth of the Loire, and the Calonesus, or Bell-Isle, on the Southern Coast of that Province.

Framlingham, a small Market Town in the Coun∣ty of Suffolk, in the Hundred of Looes, upon a Clay∣hill, near the head of the River Ore, called by others Winchel; where was anciently a strong large Castle of Saxon Work, belonging to the Bigot••s, by the bounty of Henry I. in which Robert Earl of Leicester took his quarters in the Rebellion against King Henry II. To this Castle in 1553. Queen Mary retreated, and by the assistance of the Protestant Gentry of that Coun∣ty, recovered the Crown of England.

Frampton, a Market Town in Dorsetshire in the Hundred of Go••berton, upon a River which affords plenty of good Fish.

Franc, Pagus Francus, is a Jurisdiction, exten∣ding seven Leagues about Bruges, (which exerciseth is Authority without the Walls,) and the fourth Mem∣ber of the Earldom of Flanders: Gant, Bruges and Ipres, being the other three. This Government or College, was erected in 1223. to curb the Insolence, and diminish the Power of the City of Bruges; be∣ing over-troublesome to the Earls of Flanders.

France, Francia, Gallia, is at this day one of the mo•••• potent Kingdoms in Europe, and the difficultest to limit and bound; it daily like the Ocean, gaining something from its Neighbours; whose divided strengths, are not equal to her united Forces: but yet I shall give you a general description of its bounds, as it stood about forty years since, and then in part shew what has been since added. On the East it was then bounded by the Alpes, which divide the Dau∣phiné from Piedmont; as also with Savoy, Switzer∣land, Germany, and a part of the Netherlands: on the North with the Netherlands, and the British Seas: on the West with the Aquitain Ocean; on the

South with Spain, from which it is divided by the Pyrenean Hills, and with the Mediterranean. Then accounted in length six hundred and sixty Italian Miles, in breadth five hundred and seventy, the whole circumference being two thousand and forty. In the times of Julius Caesar, it was bounded on the East by the Alpes, and the Rhine, extending to the Mouth of that River, from the Pyrenean Hills; so that it took in the far greatest part of what we now call the Netherlands, with all those of the German Empire which lie West of the Rhine, Switzerland and Savoy. And the great design of the present French King seems to have been the dilating of it again to the same extent: to which purpose he has spared neither Blood nor Treasure, Arts nor Labour: and perhaps if he had not been over-reached by the Jesuits, upon the design of uniting all his Subjects in one Religion by force, he might have succeeded when he was so near his point: for whereas Picardy was heretofore his Northern Province, he has taken in Artois, the greatest part of Flanders, of Hanault and Namur. Of the four Ports that did belong to Flanders, he has two, Graveling and Dunkirk: so that his Dominions extend on the Sea Shoar from Dunkirk to S. Jean de Luz in Spain, without any interruption. On the Eastern side he has possessed himself of the Dukedom of Lorrain, the Earldom of Burgundy, so much of Alsatia as lies on this side of the Rhine; and what his intentions towards the Switzers are, may be gues∣sed at: nor has Savoy passed, especially since the late rupture, without contributing his share to aggran∣dize him. On the South he has gained from Spain, Roussillon: Catalonia hardly missed him: all the World may remember how narrowly the United Pro∣vinces escaped him in 1673. and 1674. He has not only been a gainer in his Wars, but even in times of Peace, by his Courts of Dependences, Forts, and other Methods: So that considering the Weakness and Divi∣sions of his Neighbours, and the great Accessions he has already made; if so many thousands of his Sub∣jects, had not been driven out, or rendred useless to him, who can tell what this great Prince might not have effected before his death? This vast Country or Kingdom has for its principal Rivers, the Loyre, the Rhosne, the Garonne, and the Seine. Called by the Inhabitants and English, France; by the Spaniards, Francia; by the Italians, Franza; Franzam by the Portuguese; Franckri••ch by the Germans; by the Dutch, Urancryck: by the Poles Francya and Francukazemia; by the Illyrians, Fracgnack; by the Turks, Franza; and by the Indians, Frankistan. All which Names are derived from its present Con∣querors, and Inhabitants, the Franks or French. It is divided into sixty Counties, and these Provinces; the Isle of France, Burgundy, Normandy, Aquitain, Bre∣tagne, Champagne, Languedock, Picardy, Dauphine, Lyonnois and Orleans. To which may be added four more, that are a kind of Conquest. Loraine, the Earldom of Burgundy, (or Franche Compte,) the Conquest of the Netherlands, and Alsatia. This King having added by his Arms, the Comte de Bour∣gogne, both the Alsatia's, the greatest part of Flan∣ders, and Haynault, and Namur, part of Luxemburg, and all Artois; which last is now annexed to Picar∣dy. The Capital of this Kingdom, is Paris. Be∣sides these, he has New France in America, the greatest part of Hispaniola, several Plantations and Colonies in Africa, upon the Coast of Guinea, and some Islands in the North Sea. Thus Baudrand reckons up his Masters Dominions. This Tract of Land was heretofore inhabited by the Gaul••, of which I shall give an account in its proper place. See Gallia. The Franks were Originally a German Nation, inha∣biting Franconia; which is still called East France, to distinguish it from this Country. This Nation joining with many other, upon the declining of the Roman Empire, under Pharamond, about 413. ob∣tained that part of Belgium, which contained Zut∣phen, Ʋtrecht, Over-Yssel, both the Friselands, and so much of Holland, as lies on the same side of the Rhine; but whether ever Pharamond crossed the Rhine, is uncertain. However in 420. he became their first King, and formed this Potent Monar∣chy. Clodius his Son in 433. crossed the Rhine, and took Cambray, Tournay, and all Belgium to the River Some: but he dying whilst his Children were young, commended them to Meroveus, who dispossessed them, to make himself King of the Franks, in 441. or thereabouts: Meroveus was the Author of the Me∣rovingian Line, and is by some made the first that seated in Gaul. His Son went further; and took all the Netherlands, Pioardy, Champagne, and the Isle of France, with Paris, which he made the Seat of this Empire. This Race under nineteen Princes conti∣nued to 742. when Pepin Son of Charles Martel, u∣surped upon Chilprick V. Son of Theodorick, and deposed him. The second, or Carolovinian Line, un∣der thirteen Princes, lasted till 977. when Hugh Capet put an end to it, and set up the Third. Charles IV. the fourteenth of this Race, dying in 1328. without Issue, Edward III. of England, claimed that Crown, at Son and Heir of Isabel, the Daughter of King Phi∣lip the Fair, and Sister to the three last Kings. A∣gainst him, Philip de Valois set up a Title by colour of the Salick Law, which had excluded all Females. The whole Reign of this Prince, and John his Son, was double-died in Blood by the English Valour. Charles V. by means of the English Divisions, at last expell'd them. Yet under Charles VI. the English returned with more Vigour and Rage▪ and were un∣der Henry V. in a fair way of reducing France. And he dying young, Henry VI. his Son, was crowned at Paris in 1422. But the Minority at first, and Weakness afterwards of this Prince, gave Charles VII. of France, an opportunity totally to expel the En∣glish the second time about 1449. The House of Valois ended in Henry III. slain before Paris in 1589. to whom succeeded Henry IV. the first of the House of Bourbone, and Grandfather of Lewis XIV. now King of France, who succeeded Lewis XIII. his Fa∣ther in 1642. This is the shortest account I can give of the Bounds and History of this Kingdom; which in the Reign of Charles IX. was reckoned to contain above twenty Millions of people. It has in it (excluding the Conquered Countries) ten Seats of Parliament, fourteen Universities, sixteen Archbishop∣ricks, besides Avignon and Besanzon, one hundred and five Bishopricks, and fifty thousand Parishes.

La Baye Francoise, a Name given by the French to a Gulph of Guinea in Africa; and to another in their New France in the North America. § New France, see Canada.

The Is••e of France, Insula Franciae. One of the first Provinces the French possessed themselves of in Gaul: now bounded on the East with Champagne; on the North with Normandy and Picardy; on the West and on the South with la Beausse and Orle∣ance. A Country not great, when compared with the other Provinces; but yet it has given Name to all the rest, which is not unusual. It is generally so fruitful and delightful, that the Hills are here better than the Valleys in most places of Europe. The Vale of Montmorency, in which Parts stands, has scarce its equal in all the World. This was anciently a part of Belgica Secunda. The principal City of this Pro∣vince is Paris; and there are in it nine other very considerable.

Franché Comte, Burgundiae Comitatus, called by the French, Le Comte de Bourgogne, and sometime the Franche Comte; by the Italians, La Franc Com∣tea; by the Germans, Das Over Burgund, that is, the Higher Burgundy; is now a Province of France, and a part of the Eastern Burgundy, taken more largely. Bounded on the East by Switzerland, and the Diocese of Basil; on the North by Lorrain, and part of Campagne; on the West by the Duke∣dom of Bourgogne, or Burgundy; and on the South by La Bresse, and Beugey. The Capital of it is Dole; and after it came into the hands of the Spaniards, Besanson. The Country, where it is Mountainous, af∣fords excellent Wines; and as to the rest, is full of pleasant and fruitful Valleys, with great plenty of fresh Streams, and delightful Rivolets. This Coun∣try by Rodolph the last King of Burgundy, was given to Conrade II. Emperour of Germany, and ever after esteemed a part of the Empire. In 1101. it was gi∣ven to Otho of Flanders, Son to a Sister of the Em∣perour Conrade; and by the Family of Burgundy, came together with the other Territories belonging to that Family, to the Crown of Spain: in which House it continued, till in 1674. the present King of France got the Possession of it, which was confirmed by the Treaty of Nimmeguen.

Franci, the ancient Franks; for whom see Gal∣lia, France and Franconia. The same is the com∣mon appellation of all European Christians among the Turks.

Franckendal, Franchendalia, Francodalia, a new and well fortified City of Germany, in the Lower Pa∣latinate, not above one Mile from the Rhine, and four from Heidelberg to the West. Taken by the Spaniards, but restored again in 1652. by the Treaty of Westphalia. It was built by Frederick III. Elector Palatine in 1571. and stands four Miles from Spire to the North. Surrendred to the French in No∣vember 1688. and by them in 1689. quitted and burnt.

Franckenlandt. See Franconia.

Franckford, Franckfort, Franckfurt, Francofur∣tum, Trajectum Francorum, a great and fine City of Germany. It stands in the Weteraw, towards the Northern Borders of Franconia, upon the Mayn or Mein, [Moenus] over which it has a Bridge, five Miles from the Rhine and Mentz to the East: often called for distinction, Francofurtum ad Moenum: and more anciently Helenopolis, (as appears by an anci∣ent Inscription) till, the French gave it this Name, from Francus a Son of Marcomirus a King of the Franks, that rebuilt it. In very ancient times it was an Imperial and Free City; appointed for the Ele∣ction of the Emperors. Arnulphus was the first Em∣perour elected here in 887. The Mayn which pas∣seth through it, is a great and a Navigable River, ta∣king in many other noble Rivers, till it self falls into the Rhine: which makes this City a fit Centre of Trade for many parts of Germany; and their two great Marts every year contribute very much to the same. This City was called thus before the Reign of Charles the Great, upon the account of the Passage the Franks had here over the Mayn, though it was a City long before under another Name. But the Sub∣urb was called Saxen-hausen, the Dwelling of the Saxons. The Bridge is a splendid and a noble Work, supported by many Arches. This City was also the Seat of the Eastern Franks or Austrasia. In the Sub∣urbs or Saxen-hausen, is S. Bartholomew's Church, built by Pepin King of France. They obtained the removal of the Mart from Mentz (where it was at first) hither, of Frederick II. The greatest part of the Citizens are Lutherans: though Roman Catho∣licks and Calvinists are tolerated. There was a great Council held here of three hundred Bishops under Charles the Great in 797. in which the Religious Worship of Images, and the second Nicene Council (being misunderstood, to ascribe the same Adora∣tion to the Images, as to the Prototypes) were condem∣ned: and since that, several others.

Franckfort upon the Oder, Francofurtum ad Ode∣ram, is another German City, in the middle Marqui∣sate of Brandenburg, upon the River Oder; called so, because it pays no Tolls. It is thought by some, to have been built by Simon the second Son of Clodo∣mir Nephew of Simon the First, Duke of the Francks, under Antoninus Pius the Emperour: by others, to have been built in 1253. by Gedinus ab Herzberg, by the Order of John I. Marquess of Brandenburg. This City is famous for an University settled here by Joachim I. Marquess of Brandenburg, in 1506. which Maximilian I. Emperour of Germany, illustrated with many Privileges. It hath also two Marts every year, as well as the other. It stands upon the Borders of Silesia and Lusatia, four German Miles from the Confines of Great Poland to the West; ten from Berlin: heretofore an Imperial Free City, but now exempt, and under the Duke of Brandenburg.

Franco-castro, Stratonica, a Town in Macedo∣nia, at the foot of Mount Athos, on the North Shoar of the Bay of Singo, in the Archipelago: which is also called il Golfo de Fasso, and de Monte Santo; by the Latins, Singiticus Sinus.

Franco-chorium, Sordisci; that part of Hungary, which lies between the Save, the Danube, and Ze∣guntum, where Sclavonia now is.

Francolin, Tulcis, a small River of Catalonia, which falls into the Iberian Sea, near Tarragona.

Franconia, by the Germans das Francken, and Franckeudland, is a large Province in Germany, which in the Writers of the middle Age, is called Francia Orientalis, though it be but a small part of it. This is now the first Circle in the Empire, upon the River Mayn; between Misnia and Thuringia to the North; Nortgow, or the Ʋpper Palatinate to the East; Ba∣varia, the Circle of Schwaben, the Bishopricks of Wurtsburg, Bamberg and Aichstad to the South; and Mentz to the West. Wurtsburg is the Capital City of this Circle: the other Cities are Bamberg, Nu∣remberg, Rotenberg, Schweinfurt, Weisemberg and Weinsheim. This Country, anciently inhabited by the Sicambri, in the times of Valentinian the Empe∣rour, having subdued the Alani, took the Name of Franckenland, that is, Freedland. But in after times being perpetually exagitated with the Incursions of the Goths, they resolved to seek a new Habitation; and under Marcomir their King or Duke, settled a∣bout 433. in Friseland, Guelderland, and the ad∣joining Countries: before which (faith my Author) the Name of Franks was scarce known. This Coun∣try is partly Level, and partly Mountainous: yet the Mountains in it are not high, nor is the Soil over∣fruitful, it being Sandy for the most part; yet the Hills produce grateful Wine, especially about Wurts∣burg. Of the Dukes of Franconia, these obtained the Empire; Conradus I. in 912. Conradus II. in 1026. Henry III. in 1039. Henry IV. in 1056. Henry V. in 1108. Besides the Cities before named, Hoffman reckons Coburg, Culembach, Franckfort, Mentz, An∣spack.

Franco-ville, a Village in the District of Paris, in the Isle of France.

Franeker, Franequera, a small City in Friseland, two Leagues from the Sea, and from Leuwarden, the principal City of that Province: made an Uni∣versity in 1585.

Franza-curta, Fran̄cia parva, Little France, a Territory in the States of Venice in Italy, lying about

Brescia: which took this Name from an Establish∣ment of the French in it, towards the end of the eighth Century, after Charles the Great had defeated the Lombards.

Frascati, Frascata, Tusculum, a City of Campag∣nia di Roma, under the Dominion of the Pope; seated at the foot of an Hill, as Holstenius proves at large, twelve Miles from Rome to the East; in which were many of the Country Houses of the Roman Princes. It is now a Bishoprick by the Title of Epi∣scopus Tusculanus, which always belongs to one of the six Senior Cardinals. This ancient Roman City being ruined in the time of Pope Celestinus III. Frascati was built in the same place. Towards Rome there is a small Theatre, which seems to have belonged to some private Roman, and not to the City. Near this place is the Tusculanum, or Village which belonged to Cicero, where he wrote his Tusculan Questions.

Frascolari, Oanus, a River of Sicily; it falls into the Lybian Sea on the South side of the Island, a little below Camarina.

Frat. See Euphrates.

Frawenburg, Fravenburgus, a Town in Prussia Regalis, belonging to Poland, upon the Bay of Frish Haff, where it takes in the River Schon; which has also a noble Haven belonging to it, and stands not above three German Miles from Elbing to the South-East. In this place N. Copernicus the great Astro∣nomer and Mathematician (a Canon of the Church of Frawenburg) died in 1543. There is also a Castle and a Cathedral Church, with a College of Canons.

Fraxinet, Fraxinetum, a famous Retreat of the Saracens in the ninth and tenth Ages, out of which they made their Incursions to burn and plunder the Country. Some place it in Spain, others in Italy, in Oauphine, in Provence; and with the greatest pro∣bability, in the latter; there being yet a Castle in the Diocese of Frejus near the Gulph of Grimaut, which retains the Name of la Garde du Fraxinet, and Guarda Fraxineti.

Frèddano, Egelidus, Frigus, a River in Tuscany, in the Valley of Aretino.

Freddo, Acis, a River in Sicily, which ariseth from Mount Aetna, and is received by the Ionian Sea, be∣tween Catana to the South, and Tavormina to the North. This River which ariseth from so warm a Bed as Mount Aetna, is yet so remarkably cold, that its Name is taken from thence; Freddo, in Italian, signifying Cold.

Freiburg, Friburgus, is a German City in Bris∣gaw, upon the River Threisem, at the foot of the Mountains, four German Miles from Brisack to the South, and six from Basil; built in 1120. by Albert Duke of Austria. Here was an University opened by Beroaldus Duke of Zeringen, in 1450. It was ta∣ken by the Swedes and French in 1638. And when in 1644. the Spaniards attempted to regain it, they received a great Defeat here. Yet it was afterwards restored to them, and retaken by the French in 1677. and left to them again by the Treaty of Nimmeguen in 1679.

Freiburg, Friburgus, a Town and Canton in Switzerland, seven German Miles from Solothurn, or Soleurre (as the French call it) to the South; and three from Berne to the North-East. It was once an Imperial Free City, but in 1481. exempted: the Bi∣shop of Lausanne resides here. It stands upon the River Sana: built by Berchtoldus IV. Duke of Ze∣ringen, twelve years before Bern, in 1179. In such a Site, that whereas all parts towards the North, East and South, are encompassed with steep and craggy Rocks and Mountains; the Western side is defended by a deep Dike, and has a District of three hours ri∣ding annexed to it. Frederick Barbarossa, made it a Free City in 1218. After the death of the Founder, it became subject to the Count of Kyburg. It was sold afterwards to Rodolphus I. Emperour of Germa∣ny, by one of these Counts: it was after this two hundred years under the House of Austria, till about 1403. being much oppressed by the Nobility, this Ci∣ty entred a League with that of Bern, but yet conti∣nued still under the House of Austria, till 1481. when they were admitted into the general League of the Swiss, and made the Tenth Canton. And when many of the Cantons embraced the Reformed Religion, this stuck to the Roman Catholick; they use the Ger∣man and French Tongues, but the former most.

Freinwalt, or Fridwalt, Colancorum, a City in Brandenburg; seven Miles from Berlin, upon the con∣fluence of the Fubre, and the Oder to the North-East; twelve from Stetin to the South, and six from Franck∣fort upon the Oder to the North.

Freising, Freisingen, Frisinga, Fruxinum, a Ger∣man City in the Ʋpper Bavaria, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Salisburg, near the Ri∣ver Isara, Iser. It was an Imperial Free City, but is now exempt, and under the Jurisdiction of its own Bishop. It stands upon the confluence of the Iser and Mosack, partly in a Plain, and partly on a Hill; four German Miles from Munick to the North, and ten from Ratisbon.

Freius, Forum Julium, Forum Voconii, Civitas Forojuliensis, a City of Provence in France, built in a Valley amongst Marshes: half a League from the Mediterranean Sea, thirteen from Toulon to the East, at the mouth of the River Argens. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Aix: and a place of very good Antiquity, as the Amphitheatre, Aqueduct, Sta∣tues, Inscriptions, &c. yet extant, demonstrate. Pope John XXII. was sometime Bishop here.

Fresingfield, a Country Town in the County of Suffolk, six Miles from Halsworth to the West, and four from Harlson to the South: Dr. William San∣croft, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born in this Town, and has since erected in it a Free-School.

Fremona, a Town in the Kingdom of Aethiopia in Africa, believed to be the Primis Magna or Prem∣nis of the Ancients.

Frias, Frigida, a City in Old Castile, in the Val∣ley of Tobalina, upon the River Ebro; called Phrygia in the Roman Martyrology, and by Lactantius.

Friburg in Brisgaw, in Switzerland. See Frei∣burg.

Fricenti, or Fricento, Aeculanum, Eclanum, Fre∣quentum, a small City in the Province of Principatus Ʋlterior, in the Kingdom of Naples in Italy, which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento; but the Bishoprick has for the two last Centuries, been uni∣ted with that of Avellino. This City is sometimes called Fricentum by the later Latin Writers; now almost reduced to a Village. It stands upon the Ri∣ver Tripalto, Tripaltum, at the foot of the Apennine, fifteen Miles from Benevento to the North-East, and twelve from Avellino; in the Possession of the Prince of Venosa.

Fridberg, Fridberga, a City of Misnia, in the Ʋpper Saxony, upon the River Mult, towards the Mountains of Bohemia, four German Miles from Meissen [Misna] the Capital of Misnia to the South. This City was besieged with very ill success by the Swedes, in the great German War in 1642. though they were then possessed of all the other Towns in Misnia. Also honoured with the Tombs of the Electors of Saxony. § Fridberg, Frideberga, a small City in Germany, in the Province of Weteraw, which is Imperial and Free. It has its Name from Frederick II. and is as much as Friederichberg; by contraction Fridberg. There belongs to it a Castle

of the same Name, which stands four German Miles from Franckfort to the North.

Friedberg, Fredberga, a small Town in Bohemia, in the Dukedom of Jawer Queiss [Quissus] towards the Mountains, in the Borders of Bohemia; eight German Miles from Jawer towards the West, and five from Gorlitz to the North-East.

Fridericlis, or Frīderica, a small, but very strong City in Brasil in America, upon the Coast of Paraiba, or La Capitania de Paraiba; which was built by the Dutch, and taken from them by the Por∣tuguese, to whom both this City and Province are now subject.

Friderick-Ude, a Fort in Jutland, upon the Streight of Midlefar, built by Frederick III. King of Denmark; taken and ruined by the Swedes in 1658.

Fridericksburg, a strong Fort in Germany, by the City of Manheim, upon the union of the Necker and the Rhine, in the Lower Palatinate; so called from Frederick IV. Elector Palatine, who built it in 1610. After this, it was taken and demolished by the Spaniards, and since rebuilt by Charles Lewis E∣lector Palatine: it is scarce three Miles from Heidel∣burg to the West, and as many from Spire to the North. Taken by the French, and afterwards burnt in 1689. § Fridericksburg, the Castle and Royal Pa∣lace of the Kings of Denmark in Zealand, three Miles from Croonenburg to the West, and five from Copenhagen to the South-West: famous for a Con∣gress of the Kings of Denmark and Sweden, in these later times. This was heretofore called the Castle of Ebelholt; and was the Monastery of the Holy Ghost, of which William Parisiensis, who is since Canonized, died Abbat in 1201. Frederick II▪ built this Castle. Christian IV. his Son was born in it April 22. 1577. who very much beautified, and ador∣ned it. § There is also a Fort and Town of the same Name in Guinea, built by the Danes of late.

Friderickstad, a small Danish City in South Jutland, in the Dukedom of Sleswick, built by Fre∣derick Duke of Holstein and Sleswick (under whom it is) in 1622. It stands upon the River Eyder, where it takes in the Trenna, two German Miles from Tonning to the East, five from Sleswick, and four from Gottorp West. § There is another City of the same Name in Norway, upon the Baltick Sea, fifty German Miles from Christianstad to the North-West, in the Province of Agerhuis; which is under the King of Denmark.

Friesach, Friesacum, Frisakum, Virunum, a small Town in the Ʋpper Carinthia, but under the Juris∣diction of the Archbishop of Saltzburg; seated up∣on the River Matuitz, with a Castle on a Rock not far off.

Frigido, Boactus, a River dividing between Ge∣noua, and the Dukedom of Florence.

Frignana, Friniana, a Territory in the Dukedom of Modena, at the foot of the Apennine; the chief Town of which is Sestula, towards the Borders of Bologna.

Frisch, Narung, an Island of Prussia, at the Mouth of the Vistula.

Frischaff, a long Bay in the same place, upon which stand Elbing, Frawenburg, Brawnberg and Koningsperg.

Friseland, Frisia, called by the Dutch Uriessandt; by the French, Frise; by the Italians, Frisia; is the Name of three several Countries. 1. Friseland, pro∣perly so called, one of the States of Holland. 2. East Friseland, a Province in Germany. 3. West Frise∣land, properly the North part of the Earldom of Holland: and sometimes there is a fourth added, which is North Friesland, or Jutland.

1. Friseland, Frisia, Urieslandt, Frieslandt, Friseland in Dutch, German, and English, is a Pro∣vince of the Ʋnited Netherlands, heretofore much greater than now; for it reached from the Zuyder Zee on the West, to the Bay of Dollert by Emden on the East; and it was then divided by the River La∣vica, Lawers, into two parts: Frisia cis Lavicana, now Groningen; and Frisia trans Lavicana, now called Friesland: but since that Omland has been taken out of this Province too, which has much les∣sened it, it is now bounded on the South with the Zuyder Zee, and Over-Yssel; on the West and North with the German Sea; and on the East with Gronin∣gen. The principal Towns in it, are Docum, Franc∣ker, Harlingen, Leeuwarden, which is the Capital, and Stavenen.

2. West-Friesland, is a considerable part of the Earldom of Holland, to which it has for some Ages been united; with North-Holland on the South, the Zuyder Zee on the East and North, and the German Ocean on the West: sometime called Kenmar. The principal Cities in it, are Alckmaer, Amsterdam, (the greatest City in the Ʋnited Provinces), Enchuysen, Harlem, and Hoorn. This Country is generally Marshy and Fenny, and unfit for Corn, but very good Pa∣sture: the Air is also foggy and unhealthful, and they want fewel too to rectifie it. Charles the Bald gave these Countries (then almost unpeopled by the Nor∣man Pyracies) to Thierrie, Son of Sigebert, a Prince of Aquitain, with the Title of Earl in 863. from whom proceeded a Race of Princes, seventeen in num∣ber, which successively governed it till 1300. from which time they were subject to the Earls of Hol∣land, and together with Holland came to the House of Austria: with Holland, they revolted from the Spaniards, in 1580. and joined in the League against them.

East-Friesland, called by the Germans, Oost-Freeslandt, by the Inhabitants, Oost Frise, is a part of Westphalia, a Province of Germany, which here∣tofore was also called the Earldom of Embden, from a City in it, which though not great, is much cele∣brated. This Earldom is under a Prince of its own now: bounded on the North by the German Ocean, on the East by the Earldom of Oldenburgh, on the South by the Bishoprick of Munster, and on the West it is separated from Groningen, by the Bay of Dollert: it contained heretofore the Earldom of Oldenburgh also. In this Province are three Cities or great Towns, Embden, Aurick, and Norden. The earth is exceeding fruitful, yielding great plenty of Corn, Cattle, Butter and Cheese. Being conquered by Charles the Great, it continued subject to the Empire till 1453. when it was granted by Frederick III. to Ʋlri∣cus, Son of Enno, whose Posterity still enjoy it. The Seat of these Earls, is Aurick.

Frisingen, Frisinga, a City of the Ʋpper Bava∣ria, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Salisburgh, near the River Iser, twenty Miles from Landshat to the West. Once an Imperial and Free City, but since exempted, and put under the Dominion of its own Bishop.

Frislar, Bogadium, Frislaria, a City in Hassia, up∣on the River Eder, under the Archbishop of Mentz, four Miles from Cassel to the South, and the same from Zigenheim to the North; commonly called Fritzlar. There was a Council celebrated in this City, in 1118.

Friul, Friuli, Regio Carnorum, Forum Julii, Car∣nia, called by the French, Frioul; is a Province of Italy, inhabited heretofore by the Carni: it is boun∣ded on the South by the Adriatick Sea, and the Golfo di Triesie; on the West with the Marquisate of Tre∣vigia, and the Earldom of Tyrol; on the North by

Carinthia, and Carniola; and on the East by Carni∣ola and Istria. This Province is under the State of Venice, and has the Title of a Dukedom. The chiefest City in it is Ʋdina; and the Fort of Palma is the place of greatest strength. The Emperors gave this Province heretofore to the Patriarchs of Aquileja. But afterwards the Dukes of A••stria and Carinthia took part of it from the Patriarchs: and the States of Venice after many Wars, at last in 1455. forced the Patriarch by a Treaty, to resign the rest to them: the Cities of this Province are A••uileja▪ ruined, but under the House of Austria: Pieue di Cadoro, under the Venetians; Cividat di Friuli, under the same; Goritia, under the House of Austria; La Palma and Ʋdina, under the Venetians.

Frodlingham, a Market Town in the East Riding of ••orkshire, in the Hundred of Holderness.

Frodsham, a Market Town in Cheshire, in the Hundred of Edisbury.

Frome or Fraw, a River in the County of Dor∣set; which rising by Cantmerls in the Borders of So∣mersetshire, washeth Frampton, Dorcester, Woodford, Morlen; and at Wareham falls into Bruksey Haven; taking in this passage many smaller Rivers.

Fromeselwood, a Market Town in Somersetshire, in the Hundred of Frome, and upon the River Frome.

Fronsac, Franciacum, a Castle in Aquitain, near Bourdeaux, built by Charles the Great, and made the Title of a Dukedom: it stands upon the River Dordogne, Duranius, about five Leagues from Bour∣deaux to the East: called Frontiacum in the Writers of the middle Age.

Frontenac, a Cittadel in New France in America, upon the Banks of a Lake of the same Name: built in 1673. to oppose the Incursions of the Salvages.

Frontignaud, Forum Domitii, Frontiniacum, a small City in the Lower Languedoc, upon the Lake of Magellone, fifteen Leagues from Narbone to the East, and four from Mompellier to the West, upon the Mediterranean Sea. The Wines of this place are much commended. In 1562. the Huguenots besieged it in vain.

Frurnove. See Fornove.

Frusilone, or Frusino, Frusio, a City heretofore, now a small Village in Campagnia di Roma, upon the River Cosa, which falls into the Gariliano, Liris, nine Miles from A••atro, the same from Ferentino, and forty eight from Rome to the East: it is now common∣ly called Frosilone. P. Hormisdas was a Native of this place.

The Fryth, or Fyrth, or Forth of Edinburgh, called by Ptolemy Boderia, by Tacitus Bodotria, is an Arm of the Sea, that from the East penetrates almost quite through the Kingdom of Scotland, to meet another such Arm from the West, which is called the Fryth of Dunbritain: it receives into its bosom many of the great Rivers of Scotland: on the South it has Lothaine, in which is Edin∣burgh, Linlithgo, Glasco, and Sterling; the principal City of which stands at the Western point of it: upon the North side it has the County of Fife. These two great Bays divide Scotland into two parts, the Southern, and the Northern.

Fuenterabia. See Fontarabia.

Fuld, Fulden, Fulda, a City of Germany, in Bu∣chaw, or Buchen, a Territory in the Upper Circle of the Rhine, near Hassia; but from this City more frequently called Stift von Fuld, The Territory of the Abbey of Fuld. The City is built in a Plain: there is in it an Abbey of the Order of S. Bennet, one of the noblest in all Europe, which has the Civil Go∣vernment of the City, and Territory about it. This Abbey was built by Pepin King of France, in 784. The Abbot is a Prince, and Primate of all the Abbots of the Empire. It stands twelve Miles from Coburgh to the West, ten from Cassel to the South, and eleven from Wurtsburg. The Territory of Fuld is of a great extent, and is more properly called Buchen: boun∣ded on the North by Hassia, on the East by the County of Henneberg, on the South by Franconia, and on the West by the Ʋpper Hassia. § Fuld, Fulda, a River of Germany, which gives Name both to the City and Territory last mentioned; it ari∣seth in this Territory towards Franconia; and run∣ning Northward, watereth Fuld, and Hurschfeld in Hassia; then entertaining the Eder, he passeth by Cassel; and at Minden in Westphalia, being u∣nited with the Wertz and Verra, they two form the Weser, Visurgis, one of the greatest Rivers in Germany; which dividing the Dukedom of Breme from the Earldom of Oldenburgh, falls into the German Ocean at Carlestad, between Em∣den to the West, and Hamburgh to the North-East.

Fuligno, Fullinium, or Fulginium, a small, but pretty City in the Dukedom of Spoleto, seated in a Valley, at the foot of the Apennine, twenty Miles from Perugia to the East, and ten from Assisio: it is divided by the River Tinna, Topino, and is under the Pope. The Inhabitants boast much of the Anti∣quity of it, not without good reason, it being men∣tioned by Strabo, Pliny, Appianus Alexandrinus, and Silius Italicus. This City was rased by those of Peru∣gia, in 1281. for which the Inhabitants of the lat∣ter were excommunicated by the then Pope Mar∣tin II. (otherwise called the IV.): but recovering its former, or a greater beauty, it is now a Bi∣shoprick, much enriched by its Fairs or Marts every year, and their excellent Comfeicts. The Learned Leandro is of opinion, this City is not the ancient Fulginia, but that Forum Flaminii stood in or near the place; which being ruined by the Lombards, the Todi rebuilt it, and called it by this Name; for which he cites several Authorities.

Funchal, the chief Town in the Island of Ma∣dera. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lisbonne.

Funf-Kirken. See Quinque Ecclesiae.

Fungte, a Kingdom in Africa, in Nubia.

Fuoa, Nicii, a City of Egypt; it lies in the E∣gyptian Delta, or Island made by the Branches of the N••le; forty Miles from Grand-Cairo to the South-East, towards Alexandria.

Furnes, or Wuerne, Furnae, a City of Flanders Gallicant; not great, but well built, and about a Mile from the Shoars of the Ocean: it has belong∣ing to it a large Jurisdiction, with the Title of a ••iscounty, a Collegiate Church and an Abbey. It was three times taken by the French, and at last by the Treaty of Aquisgrane given up to them: two Miles from Newport, and three from Dun∣kirk: between which last, and this place, the Spa∣niards were defeated by the English and French, in 1658.

Furstemberg, a Town and Principality in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, giving Name to an Illustrious House; of which the Cardinal of Furstemberg, mention'd under the Word Bonne, is a Member.

Fuynen, Hemod ••n, one of the Orcades.

Fuynen, Fionia, an Island belonging to Denmark, in the Baltick Sea, between Jutland to the West, and Zeeland to the East, from both which it is se∣parated only by two narrow Channels; the first called Middlefart, or Middle Passage; the second Die Belt. Ottonia, (Odensee) is the Capital of this Island: Newburgh, or Nuborg, on the East, is well fortified, and has a good Haven. This Island is ten German

Miles in Length from West to East, and eight from North to South in breadth. Now under the King of Denmark; but it suffered very much of late years from the Swedes, who in 1658. took and plundered it. In 1659. the Danes recovered the possession of it, though at the same time they lost much Cannon and Shipping, which they could never retake; and the Inhabitants were as much improverished by this Acci∣dent. It is a fruitful, pleasant, well seated Island, for the Climate it is in.

Fynland. See Finland.