A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names of all the counties, provinces, remarkable cities, universities, ports, towns, mountains, seas, streights, fountains, and rivers of the whole world : their distances, longitudes, and latitudes : with a short historical account of the same, and their present state : to which is added an index of the ancient and Latin names : very necesary for the right understanding of all modern histories, and especially the divers accounts of the present transactions of Europe / begun by Edmund Bohun ... ; continued, corrected, and enlarged with great additions throughout, and particularly with whatever in the geographical part of the voluminous, Morey and Le Clerks occurs observable, by Mr. Bernard ; together with all the market-towns, corporations, and rivers, in England, wanting in both the former editions.

G A. (Book g)

GAbaca, Thospites, a vast Lake in Armenia, in the Consines of Mesopotamia; made by the River Tigris.

Le Gabardan. See Le Gave.

Gabii, a People of the Antient Latium, near Neighbours to the Romans, in a Town of their own Name. They became first subjected under the Do∣minion of Rome, in the Reign of Tarquinius Priscus, by a Stratagem of a Son of his, pretending Flight hither from the ill Usages of his Father, and then cut∣ting off the Principal Men amongst them, and betray∣ing the rest to the Romans.

Gabin, Gabinium, a Town of Poland, between VValdislaw to the North, and VVarshaw to the South; three Polish Miles from Ploczko to the West, in the Palatinate of Rava; upon the River Bzura.

Gad, one of the Tribes of Israel, which had their Portion assigned them by Moses, beyond Jordan; whose Borders to the North were the half Tribe of Manasseh, to the East Arabia, to the South the Tribe of Reuben, and to the West the River Jordan, by which they were separated from the rest of the Tribe of Manasseh and Ephraim. This Country was in the Roman times called Ituraea, and now by the Turks Beuikemane: It is almost equally divided by the River Scheriat Mandour, as it is now called, as Michael Nau (a Jesuit) writes, who surveyed very exactly these Parts. This Country is now under the Turks.

Gadara, Gadaris, a Town belonging to the half Tribe of Manasseh, beyond Jordan; afterwards to the Region of Trachonitis: seated upon a Hill by the River Gadara, which falls into the Lake of Gene∣sareth, sometimes called the Lake of Gadara too, as Strabo saith: It is six Miles from Sychopolis to the East, and the same from Tiberias; and is fre∣quently mentioned in the New Testament. Hereto∣fore thought to be invincible: It is certain, Alexander Janaeus, King of the Jews, did not take it under a Siege of ten Months, and then more by Famine than Force; and in Revenge ruined it, but it recovered again. Pompey the Great, in Favour to Demetrius, one of his Freemen, who was a Native of this City, bestowed great Privileges upon it. Philodemus the Epicurean, Meleager, and Menippus that pleasant Philosopher, also Theodorus the Orator, were all of them Natives of this Country. In the Revolt of the Jews under Nero, this City h•••• its Share, and was taken by Vespasian, in the year of Christ 66. upon which the Gadarens submitted the year following. S. Jerom says, the Baths of Gadara were in great E∣steem in his Time.

Gademes, Gademessa, a Territory in Africa, in Biledulgeridia, between the Desarts of Fez to the East, and Gurgala to the West; which has a City or great Town of the same Name, near the Head of the River Caspi, Capes. And also a Desart.

Gadura, Psycus, a River of Rhodes.

Gaetulia, a large Region of Africa, according to the ancient Divisions thereof; now thrown into a part of Bileduigerid and a part of Zaara. See Gesula. The Roman Arms reached as far in Africa, as to this distant Province.

Gago, Gagum, a Kingdom in Nigritia, in Afri∣ca, which has a City of the same Name, upon a River falling into the Niger below Tocrut. Great, but thinly inhabited. This Kingdom lies between the Ni∣ger to the North, and Guinea to the South; rich in Mines of Gold, according to some Relations; possessed also by a Prince, who is Sovereign of the Kingdom of Tombuti.

Gajazzo, Calathia, Galathia, a City of Compa∣nia in Italy, mentioned by Cicero, as a Colony; it belongs now to the Kingdom of Naples, and is in the Terra di Lavoro, seated on an Hill near the Ri∣ver Volturno (Vulturnus,) almost over against Ca∣serta, at the Distance of four Miles to the North, and eight from Capua to the East: And although a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capua, yet it is in a declining Condition, and very mean.

Gajetta, Gaeta, Cajeta, a City in the Terra di Lavoro, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples, which is well fortified; seated at the Foot of an Hill, in a Peninsula, made by the Sea. It has two Castles, a large Haven, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Capua, but now exempted. Baronius tells us, the Bishopricks of Mola and Mintorni are united with this See. The City of Formium lies not far from it, buried now in Ruines by the Saracens, to which the City of Gajetta succeeded in the Bishoprick. It lies upon the Tyrrhenian Sea, four Miles from Naples, fifty five from Rome, and fourteen from the Pope's Dominions: It has heretofore been subject to great Variety of Fortunes, but has now a strong Spanish Garrison to secure it. This was the Birth Place of Pope Gelasius II. who was therefore called Cajetanus. It is mention'd by Virgil, Aen. 7. The Haven was re∣paired by Antoninus Pius, Spart. Ferdinando King of Arragon, fortified the Castle: Before this, it was Sacked by the French in 1494. who put most of the Inhabitants to the Sword; and returned it the year after. Charles of Bourbon, Constable of France, kill'd at the Siege of Rome in 1527. lies buried in the Cathedral. But it is most famous for its learned Cardinal, Thomas de Via Cajetanus, who died in 1534. and is frequently mentioned in the Story of Hen∣ry VIII.

Gaillon, a Castle belonging to the Archbishops of Roan in Normandy; seven Leagues from Roan, two from Vernon, and one from the River Seyne. It stands upon a little Hill, in so agreeable a Place, that the for∣mer Kings of France, (as Francis I. and Charles IX.) have delighted to make some stay at it.

Gainsborongh, a large, well built, Market-Town in Lincolnshire, in the Division of Lindsey, and Hun∣dred of Gartree, upon the River Trent. It is me∣morable for the Death of King Swaine, or Sweno, the Dane, here by an unknown Hand stabbed. It drives a considerable Trade, and gives the Title of Earl to the Family of the Noels.

Gaino, Gongo, Gannum, a City of Thrace upon the Propontis; three German Miles from Rudisto to the South, and twelve from Gallipoli to the North; about nineteen South from Constantinople by Sea.

Gaiola, Euploea, a small Island upon the Coast of Terra di Lavoro, between Naples and Puteoli.

Gaivo, Gagecome, a River of Phrygia, in the Lesser Asia. There is also a Town of the same Name.

Galata, Gallita, Calathe, Galata, an Island upon the Coast of Numidia, almost opposite to the Bay of the same Name. It lies over against Sardinia, West of Tunis, East of Algier or Argiers, West of Cape Negro, and is about ten Miles in Circumference.

Galata, or Galatta, Chrysoceras, Cornu Byzantii, a noble Suburb on the North of Constantinople, to∣wards the Black Sea, which is strongly fortified to the North. This was first, if not built, yet beauti∣fied by the Genouese. Mr. Wheeler, our Country∣man, thus describes it; Galata is situate (saith he) upon the South side of a considerable steep Hill, setting out into a Promontory on the North side of the Harbour; and comprehending the Suburbs on the East, West, and North sides of it, it may be counted a good large City, and very populous; yet the Circumference of the Wall takes up no great space of ground, but the Houses are thick, and the Streets narrow, and the whole very popu∣lous. On the top of the Hill is a round spired Tower covered with Lead; and on the Walls are some Arms, and modern Inscriptions, which belon∣ged to the Genoese, who before the taking of Con∣stantinople, were Masters of this Place. It is more inhabited by Christians and Jews, than by Turks. Here is the Scale of the Merchants, who have a good Kan covered with Lead, for the Sale of their Woollen Cloaths, and other Merchandize. There are five Religious Houses of the Latin Chri∣stians, established in this Place: Otherwise called Pe∣ra. See Pera.

Galati, Galata, once a City, now a Village in Sicily, in the Valley of Demona; twenty Miles from Patti South-West, thirty five from Catania North-West.

Galatia, is a Province of the Lesser Asia, called by the ancient Geographers Gallo-Graecia, from the Galls, which are stiled Galatae by the Grecians, (who, after the burning of Rome and laying Italy deso∣late, went thither and possessed it, making a mixture with the Grecians;) and the South Part of it was nam'd Galatia Salutaris. This Province is bounded on the North by Paphlagonia, sometimes taken for a Part of it; on the East by Cappadocia, on the South by Pisidia and Liaconia, on the West by Phrygia Mag∣na, Bithynia, and Asia, properly so taken. The Turks call this Province now Chiangare, under whom it is. The principal Cities are Ancyra, (which is even now in a more flourishing State than any of the rest,) and Pessinus. This Colony of the Galls is said to have settled here under Brennus, A. M. 3671. They were subdued by the Romans, under Cn. Manlius Vulso, in the year of the World 3760. 187 years be∣fore the Birth of our Saviour, but not made a Ro∣man Province till the year 3925. 23 years before Christ. They were converted to Christianity by S. Paul, who honoured them with an Epistle. They did not fall into the Hands of the Mahometans till 1524. when Solyman the Magnificent took Alsbeg, Prince of the Mountains of Armenia, by Treachery; and possessed himself of Cappadocia, Armenia, and Galatia.

Galaure, Galabar, a small River in the Dauphi∣nate, which falls into the Rhosne at S. Valerie, six Miles beneath Vienne to the South.

Galazo, Galesus, Eurotas, is a River which ariseth from the Appennine, in the Province of Hydruntum, La Terra di Otranto, near Oria; and running West falls into the Bay of Taranto; five Miles South of Taranto; but not taken notice of in our later Maps.

Gale, a strong Town and Port in the Island of Zeilan in the East-Indies, which the Hollanders have ravished from the Portuguese; in whosetime it was a flourishing Place, frequented by abundance of Vessels from Japan, China, the Islands of the Sound, Malaca, Bengala, and other Eastern Parts; though the Rocks about the Port render it very dangerous to enter without Pilots. The Portuguese (before they quitted it) and the Siege together, destroyed most of the Principal Buildings; which are yet unbuilt.

Galera, Gallera, Gallora, a Village, and a River near Rome.

La Galevisse, Ager Valicassi, a Region upon the Marne, a River of France.

Galfanacar, Gichehis, a Town in Mauritania.

Galgala. See Meroe. § Also a Village in Pale∣stine, in the Tribe of Benjamin, on this side the Ri∣ver Jordan; three Leagues from Jericho. Now inhabited by Arabians, and call'd Galgal by them. A Place heretofore sanctified by a Number of admirable Actions, and defam'd again by as many Idolatries; (S. Jerom in Ose.) The Circumcision of all that had been born in the Wilderness, Joshua ordered to be performed here.

Galibes, a Nation of Indians in Guiana, along the River Courbo, towards the North Sea, in Ameri∣ca; bounded by the Rivers Suriname and Marau∣vini to the West, and the River and Island of Cayenne to the East. Other Maps place them in New Anda∣lusia, to the North of the River Orenoque.

Galicia, Gallaecia, is a Province of Spain, called by the Natives Galizia, by the Portuguese Galiza, by the French Galice, and by the Italians Galicia; of a large Extent, about fifty Leagues long, and forty broad; and once a Kingdom, but now a Part of the King∣dom of Leon: Bounded on the North and West by the Atlantick Ocean, on the South by Portugal, (but parted from it by the River Douero,) and on the East by Asturia and the Kingdom of Leon. Com∣postella is the Capital of this Province; Orensi, (Au∣ria,) Baiona, Corufia, Lugo, Mondoefiedo, and Tuy, are the other Cities and principal Places. The Groyne or Coronna, is the most famous of its Ports; besides which it has forty others. This Province is Moun∣tainous, enclined to Barrenness, destitute of Water, but abounding with Mines of Silver, Gold, Iron; and well stored with Wood, and good Wines; it hath also great plenty of Cattle, Game and excel∣lent Horses. The Iron they dig out of these Moun∣tains, is thought the best in the World, especially for Edge-Tools: nor are their Seas less stored with Fish. This Country was never Conquered by the Moors, though they at times made some Progress into it; and after in 985. they had repelled Almanassor, with the Loss of 70000 of his Moors, they were never in any danger of Conquest from that Nation. The Gal∣laci or Gallaici of the Ancients, under whom the Amphilochi of Justin, the Celtici of Mela, the Ta∣marices of Strabo, the Lucentii and Lucentes of Pliny and Ptolemy have been interpreted to be com∣prehended, dwelt here. It became an Apannage, with the Title of an Earldom, to the younger Sons of the King of Leon and Castile, after its Union with that Crown. § New Galicia, is a Part of New Spain, in South America, towards the South Sea, called of old Xalisco, and sometimes Guadalajara, from its Capi∣tal City. This is not much unlike that in Spain, as to the Nature of the Soil. The Inhabitants were Cani∣bals, exceeding wild and fierce, when the Spaniards settled there, and not easily reduced from eating Man's Flesh.

Galilaea, a very celebrated Part of Asia, on the North of Judaea; at first the Inheritance of four of the Tribes of Israel; Asser, Naphtali, Zabulon and Issachar; the two first of which were intermixed with the Phoenicians and Syrians; and being more Nor∣thern and nearer the Fountain of Jordan, it was called Galilee of the Gentiles, or the Upper Galilee;

and the other the Lower Galilee. This Country was bounded on the North by Syria and Phoenicia, from which two Nations it was divided by Mount Libanus; on the East with the River Jordan, on the South with Samaria, cut off from it by Mount Carmel; and on the West by the Mediterranean Sea. The same was the Scene which our Blessed Saviour chose out of all the Earth, to dignifie with his Presence: in it he was conceived, lived the greatest part of his time, and wrought most of his Miracles. It is now called Belad Elbescara, that is, the Western Country; and is almost desolate, under the Dominion of the Turks. To omit so much of the Story of it as may be learned from the holy Scriptures; this Country was first brought under the Roman Vassalage by Pompey the Great, Anno Mundi 3887. sixty one Years before the Birth of Christ. They were again conquered, not without great Difficulty, by Vespasian and Titus, in the year of Christ 66. In all following Times it fol∣lowed the Fate of the Holy Land, or Palestine. The Country is exceeding fruitful, and in the ancient Times was extreamly populous; full of great and noble Cities; the principal of which were the Tower of Straton or Caesarea, Caphernaum, Tiberias, Cana, Nazareth. The Inhabitants were Men of Courage, neither fearing Death nor Poverty, nor any thing but Slavery, and of that they were infinitely impatient. But Wars, and the ill Government of the Mahometan Princes, which have insulted over them ever since 637. have made it now desolate.

Gallas, Gallanes, or Giaques, a people of the Kingdom of Monomotapa, upon the Eastern Coasts of Africa, towards the Indian Ocean; who, in 1537. broke into the Kingdom of Bali, and gained some Conquests over the Abyssines, in the Upper Aethiopia. Ludolphus in his Aethiopick History describes them. Their Country is bounded by the Nile to the West, Abyssinia to the North, and the Kingdom of Mono-Emugi to the East.

Gallia, one of the greatest and best known Re∣gions of Europe to the Ancients. I have considered its present State under the Word France; and here I am to say a little of its ancient Bounds and People, be∣fore the Francks or French entered into it. These Nations were at first called Celtae, after that Galli, and by the Grecians Galatae. They possessed all that vast Tract of Land between Ancona in Italy, and the Mouth of the Rhine; from the Western Ocean of Aquitain, to the Adriatick: Which was divided into Gallia Transalpina, and Gallia Cisalpina. 1. Gallia Transalpina was divided by Julius Caesar (who first conquered the greatest part of it,) into four Parts; Provincia Romana, Aquitania, Celtae or Gallia pro∣perly so called, and Belgium: All which he saith had different Tongues, Laws, Manners and Governments. 1. Provincia Romana was then bounded on the North with the Mountains of Gebenna and the River Rhoda∣nus, on the East with the Alpes, on the South with the Mediterranean Sea and the Pyrenean Hills, which di∣vided it from Spain, and on the West with the Garum∣na; the Rhodanus cutting this Province almost in the middle, after it turned to the South, and ceased to be a Boundary. This River is now called the Rhosne. 2. Aquitania, had on the North and East, the Ga∣rumna, now Garonne; on the West the Ocean, on the South Spain and the Pyrenean Hills; and was the least of all the four Parts. 3. Gallia Celtica, was likewise the greatest; bounded on the North with the River Sequana, now Seyne; Matrona, now Marne; and the Mountain Vogesus, now Mont de Vauge, which parted it from Gallia Belgica; on the East it had also the Marne, the Rhine, and Alpes; on the South Provincia Romana, and Aquitania; and on the West the British and Aquitain Ocean. 4. Gallia Belgica, which was the fourth Part, on the North and East had the Rhine, on the South Gallia Celtica, and on the West the British Ocean from the Mouth of the Seyne, to the South of the Rhine. This vast Tract was divided into various Nations or Tribes, which had sent their Colonies into the British Islands, and peopled all these Tracts. Yet such was the Increase, or Restlessness of this People, that at times they broke over all those Bounds which Nature had set about them, and invaded the neighbour Nations. Thus they conquer'd that part of Italy, from them call'd Gal∣lia Cisalpina; being invited over the Alpes by the sweet Wines from thence, about the times of Tarquinius Priscus, in the year of Rome 162. 588 years before Christ; Bellovesus, Son of Ambigatus, King of the Celtae, being their Leader, General, or Prince. Gal∣lia Cisalpina was the Northern Part of Italy, exten∣ding from Arsia, now L'Arsa, a River of Istria, to the Alpes; which bounded the Provincia Romana, in the Gallia Transalpina; and its borders on the North and West were the Alpes, on the South the River Rubicon, or as others say, Aesis, or as Pliny assures us Ancona, and on the East they had the Adriatick Sea. These People were divided into four Potent Nations, viz. 1. The Insubres, which dwelt from the Alpes to the River Arnus, now Arno, which passeth through Flo∣rence. 2. The Cenomani, which lay next the Insubres to the East, and possessed the greatest part of Trevigi∣ana. 3. The Boii, which took up the rest of Trevi∣giana, and the Dukedom of Ferrara, and so much of Romandiola as lies on the North-West side of the Rubicon. 4. The Senones, who passing the Rubicon, inhabited all the rest of Romandiola, and the Duke∣dom of Ʋrbino, to Ancona, according to Pliny. Of all these Italian Galls, the last were the most considerable: These were the Men who under Brennus, took and sacked the City of Rome, in the year of Rome, 364. But in the year 470. of Rome, they were finally con∣quered and extirpated by the Romans. The Boii were conquered by Flaminius, about the year of Rome 529. and being impatient of Servitude, passed over the Alpes into Germany, and possessed them∣selves of Bavaria. Upon which the Insubres, and Cenomani yielded in 431. and became subject to the Romans. The Provincia Romana, was conquered in part by Fulvius Flaccus, in 627. The Remainder in 631. by Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus; and the three other Provinces by Julius Caesar, between 694. and 697. fifty three years before the Birth of our Saviour. A part of these Galls under Brennus, about 474. made their way through Greece, and settled in Gallo-Graecia, or Galacia, in the Lesser Asia; though it is much more probable this Expedition was immediate∣ly after the taking of Rome. But now to give an exact Account of all the several People contained under this Name, their Laws, Rites, Customs, Governments, and Bounds, would too much exceed the Limits set me in this Work.

Gallipoli, Callipolis, a City of Thrace, upon the Bosphorus, called by the Turks Geliboli; which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Heraclea; and the Seat of the Turkish Admiral, or Captain Bassa of his Gallies. It is great, populous, well traded; and has an Haven, a Castle, and a good Magazine well furnished. This Town stands on the West side of the Hellespont, not over against Lampasco, but a little more North; neither walled, nor well built within, the Houses being all of Earth and Timber, and low; the Streets narrow, sometimes covered with Boards to keep off the Heat of the Sun; yet said to be six Miles in Compass, and to have four or five thousand Chri∣stian Inhabitants amongst others. There is little to be seen in it of its ancient Splendor and Elegance: It stands upon a Peninsula, having upon the North and

South, two Bays for Gallies and Boats, of which the Southern seems best for Ships. This City is one hun∣dred and ten Miles South of Constantinople, and five from the Shoars of Asia. Long. 54. 30. Lat. 42. 16. § Gallipoli, Gallipolis, Anxa, a City of the King∣dom of Naples, in the Terra di Otranto; built on a Rock, upon the Western Shoar, in the Bay of Ta∣ranto; thirty six Miles from that City, and in an Island which is only joined to the Continent by a Bridge, supported by huge massy Stones. Small, but well fortified, and populous, with a good Haven, a strong Castle, and good Walls: it is a Bishops See, but his Diocese is bounded by the Walls of the City, and he is under the Archbishop of Taranto. Long. 42. 12. Lat. 39. 58.

Galloway, Novantae, Gallovidia. Galdia, is a large County in the South of Scotland, over against Munster in Ireland, from which it is separated by a Channel of only fifteen Scotch Miles in breadth. Bounded on the West with the Sea; on the South with Solway Fyrth, which separates it from Cumber∣land; on the East with Nithesdale, and on the North with Carrick and Kile: it takes its name from the Welsh, who for a long time maintained this County against the Scots and Picts, calling themselves Gaels; and in the Writers of the middle Ages, it is accor∣dingly called Gael-Wallia: the Country is every where swelled into Hills; better for Pasture than Corn, but well supplied with Fish, both from the Sea and Fresh-water-Lakes, of which there are many at the foot of the Hills. The principal River is the Dee, called Dea, by Ptolomy. The principal Town is Wi∣thern, (Candida Casa) which is a Bishops See, and one of the first erected in this Kingdom by Nina a Britain, the Apostle of the Nation of the Picts. Up∣on the Coast of this County, there is a narrow Isth∣mus, call'd the Mule of Galloway: it is the same with the Novantum Chersonesus of the Antients, and lies in 55 d. 10 m. of North Lat. The most Southern point of all Scotland.

The Galloper Sand, is a Shallow, ten Leagues from the Mouth of the Thames to the East; upon which the brave Ship, the Prince, was unfortunately run a-ground, and lost, June 4. 1666. Sir George Ayscue the Commander, being taken by the Dutch, (who were then engaged with the English Fleet,) and carried Prisoner into Holland.

Gallway, Duaca, Gallica, is a County in the West of Ireland, in the Province of Conaught: bounded on the North by the County of Mayo; on the East by the River Shannon, which parts it from Roscom∣mon, and Kings County; on the South with Clare, and on the West with the Ocean; a Country fruitful both as to Corn and Pasture. Here is the Lake of Corbes, twenty Miles long, and three or four broad. § The principal City is Gallway, Galliva, called by the Irish Gallive; the Capital City of the County of Gallway, and the third in the whole Kingdom of Ireland; situate near the fall of the Lake of Corbes: a neat, strong Place, built almost round, and walled with Stones; it has a Bishop's See, and a delicate and safe Harbor, called the Bay of Gallway, capable of a vast Fleet, and secured on the West, by five Islands. The fertility of the County in which it stands afford∣ing plenty of Goods for Exportation, the Inhabi∣tants of this City, in Mr. Cambden's time, had made great Improvements by their Navigation, and much enriched themselves. This City being so remote from England, and very strong, at first in the Rebellion against King Charles I. stood a kind of Neuter, and would neither admit the Irish, nor the English: but when they saw the Irish were Masters of the greatest part of the Kingdom, it joined with them in their Rebellion: The Pope's Legate made this a kind of Seat of his Government, till about the year 48. he was besieged here by the Irish, who began then to favour the Royal Interest, which he opposed to the utmost; and at last, despairing of all Relief, he sub∣mitted and left the Island. Not long after, this was one of the first Places that paid its Obedience and Respect to the Earl of Ormond the King's Depu∣ty. But it was too late: for in 1651. Ireton having taken Limerick after a long Siege, this Town being immediately attacked by those victorious Forces un∣der the Command of Sir Charles Coot, an Oliverian Captain, and their Harbour filled with Parliament Ships of War, and no hopes of Relief, they yielded themselves to the mercy of the Rebels; who re∣venged the Injuries of a Prince, which they them∣selves had murdered, upon this wealthy, but then wretched City. Thus (saith my Author Dr. Bates) Gallway, the greatest place of Trade in all Ireland, the best fortified, abounding in noble Buildings, Riches, and plenty of Inhabitants, which had had such benefit by their Maritim Commerce, was forced to submit to the Yoke of an Enemy; after she had refused her Assistance to her Lawful Prince, in de∣nying a Supply to the Lieutenant. And as if War alone had not been a sufficient Chastisement; the Plague followed the Sword, and cut off in the space of eighteen Months, twelve thousand of the Inhabi∣tants. The Irish had the Possession of this Place, and held it out for King James II. till the last Sum∣mer, 1691.

Galofaro, the same with Charibdis.

Gambay, Gambia, a vast River of Africa, in Ni∣gritia, or rather the most Northern Branch of the River Niger; which falls into the Atlantick Ocean, on the North of Cape Verde; and in its passage gives name to the Kingdom of Gambay, on its Southern Bank, not far from its first Division from the River Niger, to the East of the Kingdom of Jalost.

Gamelara, Aethusa, an Island of Africa.

Gammacorura, a flaming Mountain in the Island of Ternate, amongst the Moluccaes. In the year 1673. it suffered a violent Rupture, out of which it vomited vast quantities of Smoak and Ashes.

Ganabara, Januarius, a vast River in Brasil, so called by the Natives: it falls into the Atlantick Oce∣an near St. Sebastian, where it makes a good Harbor.

Gand, or Gant, Gandavum, Clarinea, called by the Inhabitants, Ghent; by the French, Gand; by the Germans, Gent; by the Spaniards, Gante; is the Capital of the Earldom of Flanders, upon the River Schelde, which there takes in the Lyse and Lieue: made a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Mechlin, by Pope Paul IV. in 1559. in the Reign of Philip 2. King of Spain. This is a vast, strong City; and was once as rich and populous, as unquiet and seditious, as any in the Low Countries. Erasmus saith of it in his time, that he did not think there was any one City in Christendom, that could be compared to this for Greatness, Power, Government, and the ingenuity of the Inhabitants. But the Wars and other Calamities which have ever since lain heavy upon this Country, have exhausted both its Wealth and Inhabitants; and brought this City particularly into a very languishing condition. The Strength and Situation of it, have hitherto supported it. It has a Castle built by Charles V. in 1539, who was born here in 1500, and converted an old Abbey, which it had, into a Cathedral Church. And when he built the said Castle, spared not to put to death about thirty of the principal Burghers, proscribe others, confiscate all the publick Buildings, take away their Artillery, Arms and Privileges, and condemn them in a Fine of twelve hundred thousand Crowns, for offering to put themselves under the Protection of Francis I. King

of France, by a Revolt that year; of which Francis generously rejecting their Plot, had as generously ad∣vertised him. In the Reign of Philip II. being inju∣riously treated by the Spaniards, this City was one of the first that expelled the Roman Rites in 1578, and admitted the Prince of Orange in 1579. and ha∣ving cast out the Garrison of Spanish Soldiers, level∣led the Citadel, and fortified the City, though then three German Miles in compass. It maintained its Liberty, till in 1585. seeing the Prince of Orange murthered, and no hopes of succor from the Dutch, it submitted to the Prince of Parma, who rebuilt the Citadel; but the Inhabitants being wasted, the French took it in 1678, in six days, and after resto∣red it to the Spaniards, who are now in possession of it. This City stands at the equal distance of four Leagues from Antiverp, Brussels, and Mechlin. The learned Hostius, Sanderus, and Jodocus Badius, were Natives of it. Its ancient Inhabitants are mention∣ed by Caesar under the name of Gorduni. There are a great many Religious Houses adorning it, and se∣ven Parishes, besides the Cathedral. There is also a strong Castle called the Sas van Ghent or Castle of Gant, four Miles from hence to the North, built by the Spaniards; and taken by the Hollanders in 1644. is still in their Possession.

Gandia, a small Town in the Kingdom of Valen∣tia, upon the Coast of the Mediterranean Sea, upon the Bay of Valentia, eight Leagues from Xativa, (Setabis) to the East. It is honoured with the Title of a Dukedom, which belongs to the ancient Fami∣ly of Borgia; and has also a College, which bears the name of an University, of the Foundation of Francis Borgia, a General of the Jesuits, who was lately Canonized, and born here, and was Duke of it.

Gangara, A Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa, si∣tuated between the Lake and Kingdom of Borno, the Kingdom of Cassena, and the River Niger. Rich in Gold, and commanded by a King who is absolute. The Capital City bears its own name.

Gangarides, an ancient People, whose Name Cur∣tius mentions, towards the Mouth of the Ganges. It is conjectured, they might have their Dwelling in the Country we now call the Kingdom of Bengale.

Ganges, the greatest River in the East-India, which divides that Continent into two parts: called Ganga by the Inhabitants, and the Gange by the Eu∣ropeans: it ariseth from Mount Imaus, (Dalanguer) in the Confines of the Great Tartary, in the Province of Kakeres: and running Southward through the Empire of the Great Mogul, it watereth Sirinar, Ho∣lobassa, and Gouro; and is augmented by the Streams of Perselus, Sersily, and Tziotza, and many other Rivers in the Mogui's Kingdom. In the Kingdom of Bengala it is divided into many Branches; and dis∣chargeth it self by five Outlets into the Bay of Ben∣gala, giving its name to a Kingdom in its Passage. It is full of Islands, covered with lovely Indian Trees, which afford Travellers great delight: The Water is esteemed Sacred by the Inhabitants: the Great Mogul will drink no other, because it is lighter than that of any other River: the Europeans boil it before they drink it, to avoid those Fluxes which otherwise it en∣clines them to. This River receiveth from the North-East, and West, an innumerable number of Brooks; and dischargeth it self into the Gulph of Bengala, at the height of 23 deg. or thereabouts. Said by Pliny, to be two Miles where it is narrowest, and five where it is broadest, having Spangles of Gold and precious Stones, mixed with its Sands; yet not therefore the Phison of Genesis, as some mistake; because it springs at the distance of twelve hundred Leagues from the Euphrates.

Gangra, an Archiepiscopal City in Paphlagonia, in the Lesser Asia, in the inland Parts; now called Cangria, Castomoni, and by the Turks Kiengara. In this City was a famous Synod of sixteen Bi∣shops celebrated in 324, against Eustathius the Monk, for his condemning the Marriage-State. Dioscorus the Eutychian was banished to this City, by Martian the Emperor in 451. after he had been con∣demned by the Council of Chalcedon; and likewise Timotheus Aelurus, a Monk of that Faction, in 457. by the Emperor Leo; this Monk having been chosen Patriarch of Alexandria. Stephanus saith, there is another City of the same name in Arabia Foelix.

Ganhay, a Town of War (by the Chinese there∣fore called a Fort) in the Province of Fochien in China, to the South-East. It is magnificently built, a Town of great Trade, full of People: and particu∣larly remarked for a stately Stone Bridge, 250 paces long.

Gani, the Mine or Quarry of Diamonds, near Coulour in Malabar, See Coulour.

Ganking, a great and populous City in the Pro∣vince of Nanking in China, with a Territory belong∣ing to, and denominated from, it; having Jurisdicti∣on over five other old Cities. It is the Seat and Go∣vernment of a Viceroy, distinct from the Viceroy of the Province; being the more frequented, by rea∣son the three Provinces of Nanking, Huquang and Kiangsi, abutt upon it. A strong Garrison is kept in its Fort, Haymuen; commanding the Lake of Poy∣ang and the River Kiang.

Ganna, the Caspian Sea.

Gannat, Gannatum, Gannapum, a Town in the Dukedom of Bourbon in France, towards the borders of Auvergne, upon a small River falling soon after into the Allier.

Gaoga, Kauga, or Guoga, a City and Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa, between the Tract of Nubia and the Kingdom of Borno. This Kingdom about two hundred years ago was erected by the prosperous Villany of a Negroe Slave; before which, it was little better than a Desart. Now inhabited by Christians, Mahometans and Pagans. Betwixt 40 and 50 deg. of Long. Lat. 20. 12.

Gaoxa, an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Quantung in China.

Gap, Vapingum, Appencensium, or Vapincensium Ʋrbs, a City of the Dauphinate in France, which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Aix; it stands in the Confines of this Principality towards Sa∣voy, two Miles from the Isere, twenty two from Aix, and six from Embrun to the West. It is reasonably great, and defended by a Castle; yet often taken and retaken by the Rom. Catholicks and the Huguenotts in the Wars of the last Century. Farellus sowed his Opinions here. The Bishops enjoy the Title of Earls. It is the Capital of the Territory of Gapensois: and did heretofore belong to the Counts of Forcalquier.

Garamal, Garamantes, a People of Libya In∣terior (or Gaetulia) in Africa, about the Eastern part of the Desart of Zaara and the Western of Nu∣bia; of the Generation of the antient Garaman∣tes, who dwelt in the same place. Their chief Set∣tlement is called after themselves, Garama.

Garanne, Varenna, an Island in the Bay of Aqui∣taine.

Garbe, Isburus, a small River on the South of Sicily.

Gard. See Pont du Gard.

Garda. See Gardsee.

Garde, a City of Greenland, deserted and ruined two hundred years ago. It had been a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Drontheim in Norway, and stood to the Ocean.

Gardeleben, a small Town in the old Marquisate of Brandenburg, upon the River Meld, seven Miles from Magdeburg to the North.

Gardicht, a Town in the Morea, towards the Gulph of Lepanto; supposed to be the antient Cliter.

Gardon, Nardo, Vardo, a River of Languedoc, springing from the Mountains of Sevennes and divi∣ding into two Streams. The one passing by Alets, with the name for distinction, of the Gardon d' Alets, joyns the other call'd the Gardon d' Anduze at An∣duze; and afterwards augmented with the Tributes of some small Rivulets, they both fall into the Rhine towards Beaucaire.

Gardsee, Benacus, a Lake in Lombardy, called by the Inhabitants, Il Lago di Garda; by the Germans, Gradzee; by the French, Grade: It lies in the State of Venice, between the Territory of Verona to the East, and Brixia to the West; watering on the North the Earldom of Tirol; and from thence is ex∣tended to the Castle of Pescara on the South, the length of thirty Miles: its greatest breadth is ten Miles, as I have often seen (saith Baudrand,) though Strabo seems to think otherwise. It takes its name from Garda, in the Territory of Verona; out of it flows the River Menzo, Mincius, which by Mantoua, falls into the Po. And it abounds with Eels and Carps. See Benacus.

Gareligare. See Tripoli.

Garet, Gareta, a Province in the Kingdom of Fez, on the Mediterranean Sea, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Argier, from which it is separated by the River Mulvia, as from the Province of Errif by the River Nocor. The Mediterranean bounds it to the North, and the Mountains of the Desarts to the South. The African Writers have divided it into three parts. The first, containing the Towns, Cities, and Territories: the second, the habitable Mountains: the third, the Desarts. Mellila (under the Spani∣ards) Jaffarina, Tezota, &c. are the most conside∣rable places in it.

Gargan, a Mountain in the Province of Apulia, in the Kingdom of Naples, nigh to Monte-di-san-Angelo; mentioned by Pliny, Strabo, &c. and the Roman Martyrology upon May 8.

Garigliano, Liris, a River of Italy, which here∣tofore divided Latium from Campania. It ariseth in the further Abruzzo, by the Lake of Celano, (Fuci∣nus) above Antina; and passing Southward, water∣eth Sora, Aquino, and Sessa; then falls into the Tyrrenian Sea at Trajeto, eleven Miles South of Gaieta. The Banks of this River were often cover∣ed with the French and Spanish Forces, in the Wars of the Kingdom of Naples, in 1503.

Garippo, Gallus, a River of Asia the Less, which springeth from the Coelenian Hills in Phrygia Magna; and washing Pessinunta, falls into Sangiarus, (now Sacario), and Acada; which falls into the Black or Euxine Sea at Cagari.

Garnesey, Garnia, Sarnia, an Island belonging to the Crown of England, on the Coast of Normandy. This and Jersey, is all that is left us now of the Duke∣dom of Normandy: it is about thirteen Miles long, and near as broad, where greatest.

Garonne, Garumna, called Garona by the Spa∣niards; and Garonna, by the Italians; is one of the great Rivers of France, mentioned by Julius Caesar. Also one of the greatest Rivers which springeth from the Pyrenean Hills: it ariseth in Arena a Spanish Village, in the Borders of the Kingdom of Arragon, not far from Salardun; and running Westward by Bertrant, it turns there North-East by Rieux to To∣louse; above which besides Touche from the West, and several others, it takes in the Ariege from Foix, and Pamier on the East; then running North at Moissac it is improved with a number of River•• brought in from the East by the Tara; here again turning West, it passeth by Agen; over against which it receives the Giers on the South from Aux; and a little further on the same side Biese from Condom; and on the North (Toninus) Treuyre from Cahors; and a little further the Drot: so leaving Bourdeaux on the South, and taking along the Dordonne from the North, it makes the vast Bay of Garronne; and by the Tower De Cordovan on a small Island, passeth with two mouths into the British Seas. This River was heretofore the boundary of Aquitaine, but now it divides it into two parts.

Garro, Gaurus, a Mountain near Naples.

Garstang, A Market Town in Lancashire, in the Hundred of Amounderness, near the River Wire.

Gurtempe, Vartimpa, a small River of France.

Gartz, A Town in the Dukedom of Pomerania in Germany, upon the Oder, three Leagues from Ste∣tin. Formerly well fortified; but in 1638, after its being often taken and retaken in the German Wars, totally demolished.

Garza, Mela, a River in the Territory of Brescia, in the Dominion of the States of Venice, in Italy; which washeth the Walls of Brescia on the West, and then falls into the Oglio at Ʋstiano; which conveys it to the Po at Borgo forte, not much above Mantoua.

Gascoigne, Vasconia, Novempopulonia, a Province in Aquitaine in France. The Inhabitants write Guas∣coigne; the Italians, Gascogna; the Spanish, Gasco∣na; the English, Gascony. It lies extended between the British Sea to the West, the Garonne to the North and East, and Spain to the South; and was the ancient Aquitania, and afterwards Novempopulo∣nia; that is, the third part properly of the antient Aquitania, in the division of the Emperour Augu∣stus, corrected by Adrian. See Aquitaine. It had this Name from the Gascoignes or Vascones, a Spa∣nish People which setled here, and were Conquered by Theodebert and Theodorick, Kings of France; at last totally subdued by Dagobert, another King of that Nation, (but ascribed by the Chronologers to Aribert a Contemporary King) in 634. This Name is sometimes taken for all Gascony, or the Generalité de Guienne, or de Bourdeaux: divided at present in∣to eleven Parts, Bourdelois, Bazadois, Condomois, Armagnac, Bearn, Gascogne, Basques, Bigorre, Com∣minges, Baionne, and Albret. This Country for a long time belonged to the Crown of England, as Dukes of Aquitaine. It came in 1152. to Henry II. King of England, in the Right of Eleanor his Wife. Though King John was adjudged to have forfeited this and all his other Dominions in France, by the pretended Murther of Arthur; (whereupon the French entered, and in 1203. and 1204. Conquered Main, Angiers, and Normandy, King John's Subjects not well agreeing with him;) yet in 1206. he made one Expedition to Rochel, and took Mount Alban, where∣by he preserved Gascony. And though his Son lost Rochel to the French in 1224. yet in 1225. by his Brother Richard Earl of Cornwal, he reduced the Re∣bellious Gascoignes to Obedience; and in 1242. at∣tempted to recover Poictou, but with no good suc∣cess. In 1259. for a Sum of Money given him by Lewis IX. he resigned Normandy, Main, and Anjou; reserving to himself Gascony, Limosin, and Aquitain; in consideration whereof, he was to have fifty thou∣sands Crowns, and from henceforward they were sti∣led Dukes of Guienne: in the Possession of this the Kings of England continued, till the twenty ninth Year of the Reign of Henry VI. which was the Year of our Lord 1452. when the Weakness of that Prince, and the good Fortune of Charles VII. deprived the English of all their Possessions in France: ever since

which time Gascony has been in the hands of the French. It is observed, as the French change the Letters V and W into G, in the words Galles for Wales and Gascoigne for Vasconia; so particularly the Gas∣coigners interchange the Letters V and B with one another, in giving the same pronunciation to both. Therefore says Joseph Scaliger of them, Foelices po∣puli, quibus bibere est vivere.

Gastinois, Vostinum, a Territory in the Isle of France, towards la Beauce; between the Rivers of Estampes, and Vernison to the West; the River Yonne, (which separates it from Senonois on the East,) and the Territory of Puysaie, and Auxerrois to the South. The principal Town is Montargis, thirteen Miles South of Paris.

Gath, a City of Palestine, upon the Frontiers of the Tribe of Juda, towards the Syrian Sea, seated on a hill. It was one of the five Satrapies of the Phili∣stines, and the birth place of Goliah.

Gattinara, a Town in the Principality of Pied∣mont, advanced to the dignity of an Earldom by the Emperor Charles V.

Gatton, an ancient Borough Town in the County of Surrey and the Hundred of Reygate, which elects two Members of Parliament. Roman Coyns have been often digged up here.

Le Gave de Oleron, Gabarus Oloronensis, a Ri∣ver of Bearn, which ariseth from the Pyrenean Hills, from two Springs, le Gave de Aspe to the West, and le Gave de Osseau to the East; which unite at the City of Oleron in Bearn; and running Westward be∣neath Sauveterre, it takes in from the South le Gave del Saison, which comes from Mauleon; beneath which it falls into le Gave de Pau, a River of Aqui∣tain, which arising in Bigorre, more East than the former, but out of the Pyrenean Hills also, at a Place called Bains de Bare••ge, and running North-West by Pau in Bearn, as far as Ourtes, turns Westward; and taking in Gave de Oleron, falls into the Adour, less than five Miles beneath Dax, and four above Baionne to the East.

Gavot, a small Territory in Vallais, or Wallisser∣landt, one of the Suisse Cantons.

Comte de Gaure, a County of France in Aqui∣taine, in Armaignac; between Lomagne, Gimont, and Condom: the principal Town in it is Verdun, four Miles from Tolouse to the North, and about eight from Aux to the East.

Gaures, Ghiaours or Ghiabers, a numerous People dispersed about the Indies and the Kingdom of Persia, in the Provinces particularly of Kherman (where stands their principal Temple) and Hyerach, of a different Institution in Religion from all the World besides; following the Scriptures of one Ebrahim zer Ateucht a Prophet (pretended) before the time of Alexander the Great: and as tho they retained something of the old Religion of the Persians, they have such a Vene∣ration for Fire, (especially what the Priest consecrates) that they take the most solemn Oaths before it. The Persian Proverb upon these People, it; A Ghiaber may worship the Fire a hundred years, yet if he falls into it but once, it will certainly burn him.

Gazara, Gaza, a City of Palestine in Asia, which belonged anciently to the Tribe of Judah, as appears by the Sacred Scriptures: it was the fifth Satrapy of the Philistines, seated near the Shoars of the Medi∣terranean Sea, on the Confines of Idumaea, towards Egypt; Conquered by Judah, Judg. 1. 18. but not long enjoyed. Made famous by Samson. Pharaoh, King of Egypt, gave it a second Name, Gen. xlvii. 1. Alexander the Great totally ruined it. In the times of the Machabees a new Gaza arose, which in those of Christianity was made a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Caesarea. The Grecians finding Gaza signified a Treasury in the Persian Tongue, thought the Persians, under Cambyses, had given it this name. Alexander, the son of Aristobulus, took the New Gaza, and demolished it; but no Alexander could so ruine this City, but it would recover again. Au∣gustus annexed this Gazara and Hippon to Syria; and in the time of Constantine the Great, it was called Constantia, from a Sister of that Prince. The Sara∣cens possessed themselves of it in the year of our Lord 633. three years before they took Jerusalem, by whom it is now called Gaza, Gazara, and Aza. Here our Authors divide as to its present State. Bau∣drand saith it is little, yet divided into two parts, the Upper and Lower; and that it has a Prince of its own (though he is subject to the Turks) called the Emir, or Pacha de Gaza, who is Master of it, and the Neighbouring Country: but Jo. Bunon saith, it is great, and twice as big as Jerusalem. This City had a Port called Majuma. Our Sandys in his Travels, lib. 3. p. 116. saith, it is seated upon a Hill, environ∣ed with Valleys, and those again well nigh inclosed with Hills, most of them planted with all sorts of delicate Fruits; the Buildings mean, both for Form and Matter; the best of rough Stone, arched within, and flat on the top, &c. but none comely or conve∣nient: yet are there footsteps of a better condition; divers simple Roofs being supported by goodly Pillars of Parian Marble, some plain, some curiously carved, and others broken in pieces, to serve for Thresholds, &c. of almost every beggarly Cottage. He tells us also, Baldwin III. King of Jerusalem, having in 1145. expelled the Saracens, he, in 1148. built here a Ca∣stle. That there lives here a Sangiack. That the Port is decayed and unsafe, and of no great benefit to the Inhabitants. There is here one ancient Church, fre∣quented by the Coptic Christians; whether it be great or small, he saith nothing; but very rich it plainly is not. This City was taken from the Kings of Jerusa∣lem, by Salladine, in 1171. This and all Palestine was recovered back to the Christians, by Frederick, Emperor of Germany, in 1228. Retaken by the Turks in 1234. It stands about two Miles from the Sea, and was anciently very Illustrious, as appears by its Ruines, and Marble Tombs, of which there are ma∣ny. The Castle is near the Town, and has four Tow∣ers, at each corner one: it is kept in good order, and has but a small Circuit, and two Iron Gates; hard by it is the Seraglio, for the Bassa's Wives, and not far off are the Ruins of a Roman Castle. The Town is very little, but has a Besestein, (a Market-Place) in good Order, and a pretty large Greek Church. Without the Town are several goodly Mosques, faced with Marble, which I believe (saith Mr. Thevenot) belonged to the Old City. Long. 65. 26. Lat. 31. 45.

Gazaria, the Peninsula to the Crim Tartars.

Gebel Caph. See the Mountains of the Moon.

Gebel Tarif, Calpe, a Mountain in Andalusia, at the entrance of the Streight of Gibraltar, which the Ancients called one of Hercules's Pillars.

Gebel Tor, Melani; Mountains in Arabia Pe∣traea, supposed to be the Sinay and Horeb mentioned in the Books of Moses: they are said to extend from Petra Aelana, a City of Arabia, to the Red Sea; at the distance of an hundred and eighty Miles from Je∣rusalem to the South: called by the Arabians now, Gibel Mousa; by the Europeans, (who see them, when they Sail upon the Red Sea) Sinay. See El∣tor, a City from whence they have the name of Gebel Tor.

Gebelel Hadich, Herculis Promontorium, Phocra, a Mountain and Promontory, in the Kingdom of Mo∣rocco, now called Cape Cantin, in Lat. 32. 15.

Gedrosia. See Formipt.

Geetruydenberg, Gertrudenberga, and S. Ger∣truchii Mons, a City in Holland; small, but well fortified; called by the Inhabitants, Guytrenberg, or Geetruydenberg: it stands in South Holland, two Leagues from Breda to the North, and three from Dort to the South-East, upon the River Dunge. This City takes its name from St. Gertrude, who was a Daughter of Pepin, King of France; and for her great Sanctity in much honor in these Countries. It is (saith Guicciardin) a considerable Place; seated on the South Bank of the Mereuwe, at the equal di∣stance of three Leagues from Dort, Heusden, and Breda: the Possession of it is now in the Prince of Orange; but the Brabantines and Hollanders do both equally pretend to the Right of it. The Hollanders surprized it in 1573; and divers times since it has been taken and retaken.

Gehan-Abad, or Jehan-Abad. See Delly.

Geichon, Oxus, call'd by the Arabs, Ghaion, Gi∣hon, Tihun; and now commonly Gieihun, or Giei∣houn; is a River of Persia: it ariseth from the Moun∣tains of Badachzan; and running Northward through the borders of Balch, it watereth the Cities of Ter∣mid, Zemum, and Chovarzim: Also sometimes cal∣led Balch. thus Gollius describes in part the Course of this River. Our later Maps make it to arise from the Mountains of Caibocoran, in the Eastern borders of the Kingdom of Persia; to water Candahar, and Belgis on the Eastern Bank; Meder, Thalan, and Badaschian on the Western; at which last it takes in from the East the great River Oboengir, which comes from Balch by Vervalin and Talecan; then, turning Westward, it takes in a River from the South out of the Desarts of Bigul; beneath which it water∣eth the City of Bigul, and so passeth to Bichend; above which it takes in a River from the East out of Zagathay; and beneath it on the same side another, from the Lake of Ʋsbeck, which passeth by Bochara; and another on the South side from Mareuwe; and at Deristan, a great River from the South, called Margab; beneath which it falls into the South-East∣ern Angle of the Caspian Sea, at Zahaspan, by four Mouths saith Gollius, but our Maps take notice of but one.

Geila, 1 River of Transylvania; called by Jornan∣des, Gilfil.

Geivise, Astacus, a Maritim City of Bithynia, in the Lesser Asia, now ruined; it lies fifteen German Miles South-West of Nicomedia, on the Helespont.

Gelas. See Galatia.

Gelderland, Sicambri, Geldria, one of the Se∣venteen Provinces in the Low-Countries, which has the Title of a Dukedom; the Seat as all agree, of the Old Sicambri. This Province has on the North Frie∣sland, and the Zuyder Sea; on the East Cleves; on the South the Dukedom of Juliers; and on the West Brabant and Holland: It is a flat level Country, without any Mountains; much beautified with Woods and Forests; abounding with all things, especially Corn, and yet as good for Pasturage and Grazing; so that they fetch lean Cattel from Denmark, and fat them here. Three great Rivers water it, the Maes, the Rhine, and the Wael. Nimeguen in the Territory of Betawe, is the Capital of this Dukedom; besides which it has twenty one walled Cities and Towns, and three hundred Villages. This Country was first granted by Henry III. Emperor of Germany, to Otho of Nassaw, with the Title of Earl, in 1079. Rainold II. the ninth Earl, was Created Duke, by the Emperor Lewis, of Bavaria, in 1339. Arnold XV. in the Descent, sold this Dukedom to Charles Duke of Burgundy, being offended with his lewd Son Adolph: Charles, another Son of this Arnold, left it at his death in 1538. to Charles V. as Heir of the House of Burgundy. This Country in 1577. (all but a very few Towns) revolted from Spain, and joined with the States of Holland; from which time, till this, they have maintained their Liberty; only they were over-run by the French in 1672. But the next year recovered themselves again. The City Gueldres or Geldre (which some will have to be ori∣ginally derived from the Gelduba of Tacitus) took its name from an ancient Castle, seated upon the Ri∣ver Niers, four Miles North of Venlo, and six East of Nimeguen; where the ancient Counts, or Gover∣nors of this Province, chose their Residence; by which means it grew to a fine City; and being in the hands of the Spaniards, was by them so well fortified, that an attempt made upon it by Henry Frederick, Prince of Orange, in 1139. miscarried. The Castle is e∣steem'd almost impregnable. In 1627. the Spaniards of Venloo and Ruremonde attempted to bring the Rhine into the Meuse at this City: But their design did not take effect. § There is also a Fort of this name, built by the Hollanders, on the Coast of Co∣romandel, in the Kingdom of Narfinga, on the Bay of Bengala, in the East-Indies.

Geliboli. See Gallipoli.

Geluchalat, Mantiana, a Lake in the greater Ar∣menia: Minadoio saith, it is now called Astamar: it receives eight great Rivers, and sends none out of it; and is eight days Journey in compass. Long. 80. Lat. 40.

Gelise, Gelisa, a River in Aquitain in France, which washeth the City of Eusse; and falls into the Losse, which falls into the Garonne, five Miles be∣neath Agen to the West.

Geloni, an ancient People of Scythia Europaea, Neighbours to the Agathyrsi: described to fleay their Enemies, and make themselves Cloths of their Skins. Mel. Alex. ab Alex.

Gemblours, Gemblacum, a Town in Brabant, upon the River Orne, in the Borders of Namur; five Miles from Brussels to the South, four from Charle∣roy to the East, and five from Lovain. This Town has a Monastery in it; and saw a bloody Fight near it, between the Dutch and Spaniards, in 1578. Bau∣drand.

Gemen, Arabia Foelix.

Gemona, Glemona, a small Town in Friuli, un∣der the State of Venice.

Gemunder, a Lake in Austria.

Genamani, an Island in the Red Sea, on the Coast of Aethiopia, called Gythites by the Ancients, in Lat. 25. 20.

Genep, or Gennep, Gennepium, a fortified, but small Town in the Dutchy of Cleves in Germany, two or three Leagues from Cleves, upon the River Niers, which there falls into the Meuse. It belongs to the Elector of Brandenbourg, tho the Hollanders keep a Garrison in it too; who retrieved it from the Spa∣niards in 1641.

Geneva, Civitas Genevensium, Januba, Genabum, Jenoba, is the most Eastern City belonging to the Allobroges, or Savoyards; which together with its Bridge over the Rhosne, is mentioned by Julius Cae∣sar in his Commentaries: It is great, populous, well fortified and built, with a good Cathedral and Arse∣nal: the Capital of the Province of Genevois, and seated at the West end of the Lake of Lemane, on the South side of the Rhosne, in that place where this River comes out of the Lake; seventeen Miles from Lion to the East, and twenty six from Basil to the South, upon the borders of Switzerland: heretofore a very famous Mart, which is long since removed to Lion; and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Vienna, and an University founded by the Emperor Charles IV. in 1368. The French call this City

Geneve, the Germans Genff; about nine hundred years since, in an ignorant and an unlearned Age, it was called Gebenna; the Italians call it Geneura. Mercator believes it built in the Year of the World 2994. in the times of Asa King of Judah, by Leman the Father of the Germans: there is no need of pre∣tences, which can never be proved. Caesar's Testimony, and the Roman Inscriptions that are found here, are sufficient proofs of its Antiquity: by the latter, it ap∣pears this was a Roman Colony. It was indeed the last Town Northward in the Provincia Romana, ac∣cording to the ancient Division of Gallia. We should have had more Roman Antiquities than we have too, if this City had not in the course of so many Ages suffered very much from Enemies and Fire. In the Reign of Aurelius Antoninus, it was almost all burnt; which Prince contributed so much to the rebuilding, and bestowed such Privileges on it, that it was called Aurelia for some time from him; but upon his death reassumed its ancient name. In the irruption of the Barbarous Nations into the Roman Empire, it suffer∣ed the same Calamities with other Cities something sooner, as being nearer the Frontiers; but then it met with an early Restorer in Genebald King of Bur∣gundy. About three hundred and fifty years since, it was burnt twice in seven years. It has had the Counts of Geneva, and the Dukes of Savoy at all times the great Pretenders to the Sovereignty over it; and has always defended its Privileges manfully against them. In 1412. when Amadaeus, Duke of Savoy, en∣deavoured to obtain a Title to this City by an exchange, Joannes à Petra Scissa, (then Bishop) and the Inha∣bitants agreed, that if any Person should consent to the Alienation of its Liberty, he should be treated like a Traytor. These and the like Traverses of their Neighbour Princes forced them in 1535. to enter in∣to a League with the Canton of Bearn, which was to last for ever; the change of Religion having then heightned their Neighbours Rage against them. In 1584. having suffered a very sharp Siege and a mise∣rable Famine, by the help of the Canton of Zurich, they prevailed so far as to force the Duke of Savoy and their Bishop to renounce all their Pretences. They reaped no less glory from their defeating the Noctur∣nal Scalado of Charles Emanuel, Duke of Savoy, in 1602. This City rejected the Ch. of Rome in 1535. Whereupon they applied the Revenue of the Bishop∣rick, with the Tithes of the Territory of Gex, to the maintenance of their own Ministry of the Reformati∣on. There has been a Roman Catholick Titular Bishop of Geneva ever since continued, who resides at Anne∣ci; and with other the Titular Beneficiaries within this District, obtain'd a Decree from the Parliament of Dijon (Anno 1687.) to be restored to their an∣cient Possessions▪ But without success, as for any ef∣fect it had upon the Government here: who, though they enter into no Alliance (during the present War) with the Confederate Princes, yet stand upon their Defence against France. The Preaching of Calvin, Beza and Farellus, the retreat of some English Pro∣testants hither during the Reign of Q. Mary, and of others in divers times from several Countries, have distinguished the zeal of this place for the Reformati∣on. The Province of Genevois, which derives its name from it, is bounded by the Provinces of Chablais and Fossigny to the East, the Rhone to the West and in part also to the North, and with Savoy properly so called to the South. There is lately published an exact History of this City, by M. Spon, and therefore I need add no more. § The Lake of Geneva. See Lemane.

Genezareth, Genesara, a Lake in Palestine, be∣tween the Tribes of Zabulon to the West, and the half Tribe of Manasseh to the East; also called the Sea of Tiberias, and Galilee: which Lake is entered by the River Jordan at Capernaum, and left at Sy∣thopolis: it is eighteen Miles long, and seven broad: on the Western Shoar stand Capernaum, Tiberias, and Bethsaida; on the Eastern Corasain, and Gersa. The many Miracles our Blessed Saviour wrought up∣on, and about this Lake, have made it famous to all Ages and Nations.

Gengen, or Giengen, Rhiusiavia, a small City in Schwaben near the Danube; others say it is Rosen∣field, in the Dukedom of Wirtenburgh, to which this ancient name mentioned by Ptolomy belongs. The City Gengen, lies between Ʋlm and Norlingen, five Miles from each: the second, not above four Miles from Tubingen to the South: but Giengen is not the same Town with Gies••ingen, but lies about four Miles East of it.

Genichisar, Hermaeum, a Cape in Thrace, five Miles from Constantinople to the South-East; called by the Christians Neo Castro, New-Castle.

Genoua, Genua, a very ancient and great City in the North of Italy, upon the Tyrrhenian Sea: it lies in the Form of a Theatre, upon the ascent of an Hill, opening its Bosom to the Sea, five or six Miles in compass; so full of stately and regular Buildings, Palaces, Churches, Monasteries, &c. that its prover∣bial Epithet in Italy, is, Genoua la superba; and so very ancient, that its Original is unknown: History makes mention of it above 1800 years ago. It is certain it was destroyed by Mago, one of Hannibal's Commanders, when by the Alpes he entered Italy in the year of Rome 534. about two hundred and six∣teen years before the Birth of our Saviour. Cornelius Servilius, one of the Roman Consuls, ordered the re∣building it, sixteen years after its Desolation. This City in the end of the first Punick War, had greatly shaken Rome it self, as Livy relates, about the year of Rome 515. But being then subdued, and obliged, she continued ever after very faithful. In the fall of the Roman Empire, she had the same fate with her Neighbours; and fell under the Herules, Goths, and Lombards, or the Greek Exarches of Ravenna, as they prevailed one upon the other. In 806. Charles the Great having Conquered the Lombards, made Ade∣mar, his Kinsman, Count of Genoua; who got Cor∣fica from the Saracens, and united it to this City, which has enjoyed that Island ever since. In 935▪ the Saracens took and burnt this City, and carried all her People into Captivity; but the Duke of Venice brought them back, and rebuilt it; though others say the Genoese Fleet met these Infidels in their go∣ing home, and recovered all again after a sharp fight. After this they became in a short time by Navigations, Commerce, and Wars, more famous than ever. Being grown Wealthy, in 1133. Pope Innocent II. made this City an Archbishop's See. They deserved this Favour of the Pope, by the great Services they by their Fleets performed against the Saracens in the Holy War, (which began in the year 1096.); for which in 1101. they obtained of Baldwin III. part of the Sea-Towns that should be taken in Palestine. In the Year 1204. when the Western Christians took Constantinople from the Eastern Emperors, the Ge∣nouese had a great hand in it: Pera was assigned them for that Service, a place near Constantinople: they were then Masters of Lesbos and Chio, and seve∣ral Islands' in those Seas; and Caffa in the Black Sea, in Crim Tartary. But aiming to gain Creet too from the Venetians in 1207. there arose a War between the two States; which, joined with the Genoueses intestine Divisions, at last ruined the Greatness of this: in 1255. they reduced the Venetians to great streights, having taken Chioggia, an Island near the City; but lost all by demanding more than could be granted.

In 1260. the Venetians gained another great Victory over them, taking twenty four Gallies. In 1291. the Venetians took from them Pera and Caffa. In 1293. the Tide of Fortune turned; the Venetians lost all their Fleet to the Genoueses, and another of seventy Ships in 1298. In 1314. the Genouese were beaten by the Venetians, and in 1353. reduced to such Streights, that they were forced to put themselves under the Pro∣tection of the Duke of Milan; after which, though they recover'd to an Ability of Contesting with the Ve∣netians, and beat them in 1401▪ yet the Turks and their own Divisions, at last reduced them to so low an Ebb, that they were not able to set out a Fleet. Between the Years 1174. and 1339. they had four dreadful Ci∣vil Wars, or Broils in the City, which contributed very much to their ruin. In 1452. Sfortia, Duke of Mi∣lan, possess'd himself of this City. In 1563. they were cited to answer for the Expulsion or Banishment of the Marquess of Final, by Ferdinando I. Emperor of Germany. Selim the Grand Signior, Emperor of the Turks, beat their Republick out of the Isle of Chios, in the year 1571. Besides all these Mutations, the French pretend that in 1396. this Republick made o∣ver, by a formal Grant to Charles VI. of France, all the Sovereign Lordship of it, and the States depending▪ which was executed and confirmed again to Charles VII. in 1458. and from this last Date the French had the Sovereignty of the City, till 1528. when Andreas Doria, upon the Advantage of the Imprisonment of Francis I. (taken by the Forces of Charles V. at the Battle of Pavia,) restored his Country to its former Liberty. Since which, this State has had a very great Dependence on the Crown of Spain, by reason of his States in Italy; at all times preferring the Interests of that Kingdom before all others. This so far exaspera∣ted Lewis XIV. (the now French King) that in 1674. he sent a Fleet and Bomb'd Genoua; in which Action the Ducal Palace was burnt, and many other of the noblest in the City, and an incredible mischeif done. In the end he forced them to send their Duke and four Senators to his Court to make their humble Submis∣sions to him. Not that they parted with their Liberty, for they are still a Free State; nor that they had done him any Injury, which they were to acknowledge; but either because their Ancestors had revolted above an hundred years agone, or because his most Christian Majesty would have it so. § The State of Genoua is a Part of Italy, anciently call'd Liguria; lying upon the Tyrrhenian Sea, which bounds it upon the South and West; on the East it has the Dukedom of Florence, and on the North the Dukedoms of Parma in part, and Montisferat in part, its length from East to West is one hundred and forty Miles, its breadth nevertheless very little. Yet that part of it which lies next the Sea is wonderfully fruitful by Nature, and made much more so by the Industry of the Inhabitants; and has so many Villages and fine Buildings, especially towards Genoua, that it may seem to be one continued City. It is go∣verned as a Common-Wealth under a Duke (to con∣tinue but two Years,) and two Senates or Councils. This Republick has under it Corsica and Capraia, two Islands in the Mediterranean Sea; and anciently ma∣ny other. We shall only add to this, the Italian Cen∣sure upon Genoua; Huomini senza Fide, Mare sen∣za Pesce, Monte senza Legno, è Donne senza Ver∣gogna; There are Men without Honesty, a Sea with∣out Fish, Mountains without Wood, and Women without Shame. Nevertheless this State and City have given three or four Popes to the See of Rome, and produced great Persons for all things. Their Aca∣demy settled at Genoua, takes the Title of gli Ador∣mentati.

Gen••••i, Melas, •• River of the Lesser Armenia, which riseth from the Mountains of Argaeus; and run∣ning Eastward, falls into the Euphrates; when it has passed the whole Province of Armenia Minor.

Gentilly, a Village within one League of Paris, upon the River Bievre; mentioned in Ecclesiastical History, for a large Council assembled at it in 767. in the Reign of King Pepin, and in the Presence of the Embassadors of the Emperor Compronimus from the East, touching the Procession of the Holy Spirit and the Ʋse of Images.

Genubath. See Guinea.

Georgeto, Morgontiacum, a Town of the Further Calabria.

Georgia, a great Country in Asia, call'd by the Inhabi∣tants Gurgistan; between the Caspian Sea to the East, and the Euxine to the West; bounded on the North by Circassia, Comania, and the Dominions of the Duke of Muscovy, and on the South by Schirvan, a Province of the Kingdom of Persia: Containing under this Name a Part of Armenia the Greater, and Arme∣nia the Lesser. This Kingdom was heretofore much greater than now; and had Monarchs for its Sovereigns, whose Royal Seat was the City of Cotatis; but lying between the Turks and the Persians, two powerful Neighbours, both of them have diminished the Extent of it. Thus the Turks dispossess'd the Georgian Kings of Erzerum, a City of Armenia; the Persians of some others; and besides, the Kings of it having divi∣ded it into several small Principalities, it is become much less able, than otherwise it would have been, to defend it self against those potent Princes that sur∣round it: The Eastern Parts of it are accordingly Tributary to the King of Persia, the Northern to the Great Duke of Muscovy, and the Western to the Turk. The Parts of this Kingdom are Mengrelia, Guriel, and Imireta, to the West, where the ancient Colchis was: To the North, Abaca; Carthuel (now a Pro∣vince of Persia,) and Gagheti, (Gaguesa) to the East, formerly called Iberia; and Samsche, [Samesa,] to the South towards Armenia. The principal Cities are Cotatis and Teflis. The Georgians are Christians by Profession, but by Practice the worst in the World; especially the Princes and great Men, who will sell their Subjects for Slaves to the Turks and Persians, or ex∣change them for Merchandize: Their Faith is very tolerable; they are of the Greek Church, and till of late never heard of the Church of Rome. In 1624. Pope Ʋrban VIII. sent a Mission of the Theatines thither.

Georgia, more properly so called, borders to the East upon Circassia and Muscovy, to the West upon Armenia the Less, to the South upon Armenia the Greater, to the North upon the Euxine Sea, and that Part of Colchis, called Imireta, (which I believe (saith Sir J. Chardin) to be all that Country which the Ancients call Iberia.) It is a Country very full of Woods, and very Mountainous, which yet has in it a great Number of Pleasant Plains; only the middle of Georgia is more even and level than the rest: The Ri∣ver Kur, (Cyrus) runs through the middle of it. This Country is very fruitful in Corn, Herbs, and Fruits; and produces a vast quantity of excellent Wines; but their most Staple Commodity is Silk, of which they have a great quantity, but not half what is reported: The Air is very dry, cold in the Winter, and hot in the Summer.

Gerania, an ancient City of Maesia Superior, (now Bulgaria,) towards Thrace and the Mountain Haemus.

Gerawer, Geravia, a Territory in the Upper Circle of the Rhine, towards the Confluence of the Mayne and Rhine; between the County of Erpach on the East, Mentz on the North and South, the Palatinate of the Rhine on the West. The principal Places are Geraw, and Darmstad; from which latter this is sometimes by Foreigners called the Land••gra∣••iat

de Darmstad. The Town of Geraw, which gives this Territory its other Name, lies not above two German Miles from the Rhine, and Oppenheim to the East; upon the River Noir.

Gerberoy, a Town in the Isle of France, towards the Borders of Picardy, in the Territory of Beauvoisis, four or five Leagues from Beauvais; at which the English and French fought a Battle in 1434.

Gerbes. See Zerbi.

Gergenti, Agrigentum, an ancient, and once a most potent and magnificent City of Sicily, mentio∣ned in the Old Greek and Latin Historians very fre∣quently. Built by the Inhabitants of Gela, six hun∣dred years before the Birth of our Saviour, as Thucy∣dides affirms, Lib. 6. and called by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, by the Latins Agragas, and Acrogas, as well as Agrigentum. It became in time so great as to have ten Miles in Compass, and to contain two hundred thousand Inhabitants; and others say so ma∣ny more, as is incredible, if not impossible. See Laer. Lib. 8. When this City had not stood above forty years, it fell into the Hands of Phalaris, a Cretian, in the 41. Olympiad, about the year of Rome 183. who, being banished his Country, of a private Man became Lord of Sicily, and one of the most noted of all the ancient Tyrants, enjoying this Power six∣teen Years, in which time Perillus invented, and first experimented the Brazen Bull. After this the Car∣thaginians became Masters of it, and after them the Romans. It was not less celebrated upon the Ac∣count of Empedocles the famous Pythagorean Philo∣sopher, who lived in the 44. Olympiad, and was born here, 160 years after the Foundation of this City. Cicero speaks of a Temple and a Statue of Hercules, that this City shew amongst the finest pieces of Anti∣quity. The Horses bred here were of great repute in Greece, much used in their Games; on which occa∣sion it is mentioned by Virgil, Aen. 3. It is now cal∣led by the Inhabitants Gergenti, by the Spaniards Girgenti; and is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Palerno now, formerly of Syracusa: Seated be∣tween the Rivers of Arraga, and Naro, upon an Hill, almost in the middle of the Southern Shoar of that Island, in Long. 37. 38. Lat. 36. 10. The Saracens of Sicily were a Plague to it in their times.

Gerizim, or Gerizzim, a Mountain of Palestine, near Samaria, over against Mount Ebal, on the other side Jordan; from whence the Decalogue by Joshua's Order was promulgated, and the Israelites blessed by Simeon, Levi, &c. Deut. 27. 12. and 11. 29. 30. The Wells of Jacob, at which our Saviour discoursed the Samaritan Woman, sprang by its Foot. This is the famous Mountain whereon Manasses, (ex∣pelled Jerusalem for marrying the Governour of Samaria's Daughter, a Stranger) built a Temple in Opposition to Solomon's, which began the Schisin be∣twixt the Jews and the Samaritans. Hyrcanus, Ne∣phew of Judas Maccabeus, demolished it two hun∣dred Years after; yet the Samaritans nevertheless continued the Courses of their Prayers and Sacrifices here, even to the Time of the Emperor Justinian. Zeno the Emperor built upon this Mountain a Christian Church; Justinian repaired the same, and erected also a Fortress here to the Insolencies of the Sa∣maritans, of whom Vespasian killed in his time eleven thousand that had retired hither in the Wars of the Jews.

Germany, Germania, one of the greatest Coun∣tries in Europe, and the Mother of those Nations which in the fall of the Roman Empire, conquered all the rest. At present bounded on the North by the Baltick Sea, and Jutland; on the East by Hungary, Prussia Superior, and Poland; on the South by the Alpes, which part it from Italy; on the West by France, the Netherlands, the German Ocean, and Switzerland. West-Friseland, Guelderland, Over-Yssel, and Groningen, were heretofore parts of Ger∣many, which belong now to the Ʋnited Provinces. On the other side Cleves, Julters, Liege, the Bi∣shopricks of Cologn, Treves, a great part of the Palati∣nate of the Rhine, and Switzerland, of old belonged to Gaul, and now to France; yet are now (of right) Parts of Germany. The French have taken from it Alsatia. Switzerland some Ages since is Cantoned into small Common. Wealths, which do not acknow∣ledge the Emperor of Germany for their Sovereign. As for Denmark, Poland, and Hungary, they have their distinct Kings, and are by no means Parts of Germany. It is in length from the Borders of the Dukedom of Lorrain, to those of Hungary, an hun∣dred and twenty German Miles; in breadth from the Baltick Sea to the Alpes, which inclose Friuli, an hundred twenty six. This vast Tract of Land is usu∣ally divided into ten Circles, to wit, Franconia, Ba∣varia, Austria, Schwaben (sometimes called Suabia,) the Upper and Lower Circle of the Rhine, Westpha∣lia, the Upper and Lower Saxony, and the Circle of Burgundy; but this last has no Vote in the Diet, nor contributes any thing to the Charges of the Em∣pire. The Emperor of Germany is not only the Head of Germany, but the first Prince in Christen∣dom, in Rank and Order, though not the most powerful. This Country is called by the Inhabitants Teutschlandt or Teitschlandt, by the French Alle∣magne, by the Spaniards Alemasia, by the Italians La Germania or l'Allemagnia, by the Dutch Duyst∣landt, by the Poles Nicmieczka, by the Hungarians Nemes, and by the Greeks Elmagi. In ancient times it was extreamly over-grown with Woods, and full of uncultivated Marshes: There were then no Ci∣ties, no Arts, no Tillage: The Inhabitants were much like the Northern Americans, Immanes Ani∣mis atque Corporibus; of great Growth as to their Bodies, and very barbarous as to their Minds. But great Warriers, and the invincible Enemies of the Ro∣man Empire, which never could subdue them; on the contrary, they at last destroyed that vast Empire, in the time appointed. Julius Caesar was the first of all the Romans, who (building a Bridge over the Rhine) entered this Country; yet with no great Success. Au∣gustus and Tiberius conquered those Nations of Ger∣many, which lay between the Rhine and Italy; but about the year of Christ 200. they too shook off the Roman Yoke; the rest were always free from it. The Rhine and the Danube, were the standing Bounds of the Roman Empire, beyond which it could rarely keep any thing long. That which the Romans could never effect, the Francks under Charles the Great brought to pass, and subdued Germany. This Prince, about 801. was made Emperor of France and Ger∣many. It continued in his Posterity till 929. when Henry I. a Saxon, was elected by the Germans; his Family lasted till 1002. when it fell into the House of Bavaria, in the Person of Henry II. In 1139. Con∣rade III. Duke of Schwaben Succeeded, and all the Emperors following were of that Family, till 1274. After which the Empire for some time had no Head; but changed Families, as others, very frequently; till Albert II. Duke of Austria, in 1439. fixed it in the House of Austria. And all the Emperors ever since have been of that Family; Leopold, the present, be∣ing the eleventh from Albert II. which have succes∣sively swayed this Scepter: This Prince succeeded Fer∣dinand III. in 1657. Under these Princes Germany is become one of the most Civilized, Cultivated, Lear∣ned Countries in the World; full of noble and popu∣lous Cities, and most flourishing Churches. As no Country had suffer'd more than this in the Days of Ig∣norance,

so when Learning had once discussed those Mists in the beginning of the XV. Century, this was one of the first that threw off the second Yoke, and made way for other Nations to do the same.

Germersheim, a small City in the lower Palati∣nate, upon the Rhine, in Germany; heretofore Free and Imperial, till by the Emperor Charles IV. given with all its Dependances, to the Prince Elector Pala∣tine. The Emperor Rodolphus I. died here in 1290. It is endeavouring to repair the Sufferings, which half ruined it, of the last German Wars.

Germian, Phrygia Major, a Province of the Les∣ser Asia. Also a Mountain there called by the same Name, but of old, Dindymus.

Germigny, a Village in the Province of Brie in France, upon the River Marne; where the Bishops of Meaux have a House of Pleasure. S. Lewis in 1253. and Philip le bell in 1319. published Ordinan∣ces from hence. § A second in the Diocese of Or∣leans, near Fleury, upon the Loyre; at which a French Synod was assembled in 843.

Gerne, Garryenus. See Yare, a River of England.

Geromlea, Achelous, a River of Epirus, which ariseth from Mount Pindus, and running Southward falls into the Ionian Sea: now written Aspri in our later Maps.

Gers. See Egers.

Gertrudenberg. See Geertruydenberg.

Geru, Gerun, Ogyris, Armusia; the same with Ormus, or at least the Island in which Ormus stands. See Ormus, and Hoffman.

Gesara. See Krim Tartary.

Geschisdag, a River in Mysia, in the Lesser Asia; and also the present Turkish Name of Olympus, or Maesius, a Mountain in the same Province.

Gest, Gedrosia, a Province in the East of the King∣dom of Persia, next the Moguls Empire. By others called Circan.

Gestie, a City in Parthia, called in ancient times Suphtha.

Gestrick, Gestricia, a Province of the Kingdom of Sweden, upon the Botner Sea, to the West of which it lies; bounded on the North by Singia, on the West by Dalecarlia, on the South by Ʋplandia, and on the East by the Botner Sea; and is only famous for its Mines of Iron. Gevals and Copperberg are its most principal Places.

Gesula, Gaetulia, a Province of the Kingdom of Marocco in Barbary: bounded by the Provinces of Darha to the East, Marocco to the North, the King∣dom of Sus with the Mountain Laalem to the West, and Tesset to the South: Without any City or walled Town in it: But there are great Villages of 10000 Inhabitants, who are thought to be the ancient∣est People of Africa, and descended from the Gaetuli. The Cheriffs of Fez and Marocco chuse their Gard du Corps out of them, for the Estem they have of their Fidelity and Courage.

Getae, an ancient People of Scythia, betwixt Maesia and Dacia, divided on each side the Danube. In the year 505. they sell upon Macedonia and Thrace, defeated the Forces that the Emperor Anastasius sent against them under Sabinianus, Consul, and took a Sum of Money to retire again.

Gevals, Gevalia, a Town in the Province of Ge∣strick, in the Kingdom of Sweden, at the Mouth of a River of the same Name; about four Miles from the Confines of Ʋpland to the North, twenty seven German Miles from Stockholm to the North.

Gewer, Javarinum, called by the Inhabitants Raab, by the Germans Javarin, Giavarino, is a small, but very strong City; the Capital of a County in the Lower Hungary, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Gran. It stands five Miles from Co∣morra to the West, where the Raab and the Rabnitz fall into the Danube. This City is called Gewer by the Hungarians. Fortified by Ferdinand King of Hungary, in 1550. Taken by the Turks in 1591. after a long Siege: Retaken by Surprize, in the Night, by Count Swartzenburg, and Count Palfi, in 1606. This was at the Beginning of this present War, the most Southern Town the Emperor had in the Lower Hungary.

Gex, a Territory and Bailiwick, belonging to the Duke of Savoy hertofore, untill yielded to the King of France by the Treaty of Lyons in 1602. It is of∣ten Comprehended in the Province of Bugey in France; having Bugey on the West, the County of Burgundy on the North; the Teritory of Waad in Bearn on the East, and Savoy on the South; from which last the Rhone, and in part the Lake of Gene∣va seperates it. The Capital Town bears its own Name.

Geyl, Julia, a River of Germany, which, as Mercator saith, flows through the Ʋpper Carin∣thia, and falls into the Drave, a little below Villach.

Gezaira, that Province in the Kingdom of Algier in Barbary, in which Algier stands; which City too is by the Arabians called Gezaira.

Gezan, Zaaram, a City in Arabia the Happy, in the Province of Hagias, upon the North Side of the River Laakic; which passing by Medina, there falls into the Red Sea. This City is also called Algiar. Long. 69. 00. Lat. 26. 00.

Gezira, or Gesirat, Zegira or Zigira, a City of Mesopotamia, about twenty Miles North of Nisibin, and sixty from Merdin to the South East.

Ghamma, a vast River of the Asiatick Great Tar∣tary, which after a long Course, disburthens it self into the Sea of Kaimachy.

Ghazuan, Bengebres, a Mountain in Arabia Foe∣lix, out of which springeth Eda, a River of the same Country; which watereth Mecca, and falls into the Red Sea, over against Suquem in Egypt.

Gheneoa, or Gheneboa, a Province of the Kingdom of Tombut, in Nigritia, in Africa, towards the Mouth of the Niger. There is neither a walled City, Town, or Castle standing in it; but the Governor, Magi∣strates, and those of the best Fashion live together in a great Village: it is a plentiful Province for Barley, Rice, Cotton, Cattle, and Fish; and had the Chara∣cter of a distinct Kingdom, till about 1520. conque∣red and reduced into a Province by the King of Tombut.

Ghierra D'Adda, a Country of the Milanese. See Adda.

Gianea, Blascon, a small Island on the Coast of Provence.

Gianich, Nichopolis, a City of the Lesser Arme∣nia, upon the River Ceraunia, which falls into Gen∣sui; thirty five German Miles from Erzerum to the South West, and forty five from Cogni to the North-East. This City was built by Pompey the Great, and is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Sebastia. Long. 69. 00. Lat. 42. 25.

Gianuti, Dianium, Sinonia, an Island on the Coast of Tuscany.

Giavarin. See Gewer.

Giazza. See Laizzo.

Gibel, Gabalus, a City of Syria, which is a Bishop's See under the Patriarch of Antioch; seated upon the Mediterranean, not far from An∣ticassium, a Mountain of Coelo-Syria; forty Miles from Antardum, and eleven from Laodicea. In the Maps there is a City called Gibeletto, nine Miles South of Tripoli, and ten Miles North of Sidon; which by others is called Gebail, and is the same Place.

Gibeon, a great and Royal City of the Amorites in Canaan, upon an Hill, in the Tribe of Benjamin: Me∣morable for their Stratagem to obtain a League with Joshua, and for Joshua's Defeat afterwards of the five Kings of the Amorites at their Besieging of this Place; when both the Sun and Moon, at Joshua's Command, the first over Gibeon, the other in the Valley of Aja∣lon, stood still to give Light to the Slaughter of the flying Enemy; as this Miracle is quoted (Josh. 10. 13.) out of a lost Book, called Jasher; about the year of the World 2584. Joshua, though he thus protected this City, because of his League, he never∣theless condemned them to the Slavery of hewing of Wood, and drawing of Water for the Tabernacle. And when Saul contrived their total Destruction, his seven Sons (except Mephibosheth) were hanged for an Attonement of their Fathers Fault, 2 Sam. 21.

Gibraltar, or Gilbraltar, Calpe, Gibraltaria, a City and Mountain in Andalusia in Spain; seated up on the Mouth of the Mediterranean Sea, where it runs into the Atlantick Ocean, on the North-Eastern Point; over against Zeuta in Barbary, from which it stands four Italian Miles, and the same from the Ruins of Heraclea, eleven from Tangier to the North-East, and sixteen from Cadiz to the South-West. The City is called by the Moors Gibel Tarick, the Mountain of Tarick, from Tarif a Commander of theirs, who was the first that landed here, when the Moors invaded Spain in 711. Small, though very well fortified: it has a large Haven, and a strong Castle, which has always in it a Garrison of one hundred and fifty Souldiers. The City is built upon a Rock in a Peninsula, and the Castle stands on the highest part of the Rock. At the West and East end there are two Forts, or Block-houses, next the Sea, each of which has nine Cannons: notwithstanding, James Heemskirk the Dutch Admiral in 1607. entered this Harbour, and destroyed the Spanish Fleet. This City is called in ancient Coins Calpe, and Colonia Julia Calpa: it grew up out of the Ruins of Heraclea and Carteja, which lies not above one League from it. This and Seuta, or Zeuta, on the opposite Shoar in Africa, were by the Ancients believed to be Hercules his Pillars, beyond which there was no going. This City has also given Name to the Streights of Gibral∣tar, (Fretum Herculeum) which is the only Outlet the Mediterranean has into the Atlantick Ocean: concerning the breadth of which, there is a great Controversie; some reckon it seven French Leagues, others twelve Italian Miles; and twenty for its length; others one German Mile and an half. This is one of the most famous, frequented, and most anciently known Streights in the whole World. § Also a great Town in Castile d'Or, in the South America, in the Province of Venezuela, upon the Banks of the Lake of Maracaibo, and near the great Mountains, called (after the same Name) the Mountains of Gibral∣tar; six Leagues from the River Epines, which dis∣chargeth its Streams into the said Lake. This Town is well built, and drives a Trade with Tobacco, Su∣gar, and Cocao.

Gien, a small Town in the Province of Beausse in France, upon the Loyre, which is here covered with a Stone Bridge: twelve Leagues from Orleans, and something below the new Channel of Briare. Some will have it to be the Genabum of Cesar.

Giera, Hiera, a small desolate Island near Candia.

Gieraci, Hieracium, Locris, Narita, a City of the further Calabria, three Miles from the Shoars of the Ionian Sea, and about one from the Ruins of Lo∣cris, out of which it sprung. A Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Regio, from which it lies twenty seven Miles to the North-East.

Giera-petra, Hiera-petra, Hyerpytna, a City of Candia, or Creet, which has a Castle, and an Haven such as it is, and heretofore a Bishops See: it lies on the South side of the Island in the Territory of Sitia, near Mount Malaura, sixteen Miles from Setia to the West: now under the Dominion of the Turks.

Giessen, Giessa, a small, but very strong City in Hassia, in Germany, upon the River Lhone, four Leagues from Marpurg to the South: It was of late years made an University, and is the strongest Town in this Province; under the Landtgrave of Darm∣stadt in part, and of Cassel in part.

Giffhorn, a Town in the Dutchy of Lunenburg, in the Lower Saxony, upon the River Allere: three or four Leagues from Brusnwick, and a little more from Zell.

Gigel, Gigeri, Gigari, Igiti, a City of Africa; heretofore a Bishops See, but now a small Village in the Province of Bugia, in the Kingdom of Algier; twenty seven Miles from Algier to the East, upon the Shoars of the Mediterranean. Taken by the French in 1664. and afterwards deserted. There was another City which Ptolemy calls Colops, and pla∣ceth in the Province of Zeugitania, which is now called Giger.

Giglio, Igilium, Iginium, Egilium, a small Moun∣tainous Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, which has in it one Village and a Castle; and belonged heretofore to the Republick of Sienna, with which it came into the hands of the Duke of Tuscany. It lies about a Mile from the nearest Coast of Italy, between 34. and 35. deg. of Long. in Lat. 41. 55.

Gihon, one of the four Rivers springing from the Paradise of Adam and Eve, Gen. 2. 13. Josephus makes it the same with the Nile, others with the A∣raxes. See Nilus.

Gilan, Gelae, Gilania, a Province of Persia, upon the South side of the Caspian Sea, which from it is often called the Sea of Gilan. The chief City of this Province is Gilan, and stands upon the River Abi∣sirni, twenty five German Miles from the Caspian Sea: in Long. 90. 13. and Lat. 40.

Gilboa, a Chain of Mountains in the Holy Land, extended the length of ten or twelve Leagues, from the City Jezrael to Jordan, along the Tribe of Issachar and the Ʋpper Galilee. Famous in the Jewish History for the encampment, defeat, and death, of King Saul and his three Sons here, in a Battel with the Philistines; and for David's cursing these Mountains with Barrenness for Jonathan's sake. They are al∣most all covered with Stones. Taking their Name, some suppose, from an ancient City Gilboa. As at this time, we are told, of a considerable Town called Gilbus, standing amongst them.

Gilead, The Mount properly in the Region of Tra∣chonitis in Palestine, whereat Jacob and Laban passed a Covenant with each other, Gen. 31. But afterwards extended, to express the Cities and Country adjacent, which were given by Moses to the Tribe of Gad, Josh. 13. 25.

Gillesland, a Tract in the North parts of the County of Cumberland, from whence the Earl of Carlisle receives the title of Baron Dacre of Gillesland.

Gilolo, an Island in the East Indian Ocean, to the west of the Moluccaes, and East of the Terra des Papaous, in 165. deg. of Long. It has four Points of Land shooting forth into the Sea, as many diffe∣rent ways. One about twenty, another fifty Leagues Long. The Capital of it is called Gilolo also.

Gindes, a River springing from the Martian Mountains of Armenia, and ending in the Tigris. In which course, it retarding the passage of Cyrus's Army to the Siege of Babylon, he broke it into three hundred and sixty Channels.

Gingi, Gingis, a great City in the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies, which gives Name to a

Province. This City was heretofore under the King of Bisnagar, but has now a Prince of its own; it is very strong, and has a Castle built upon a Rock. The Province, or Kingdom of Gingi, has Bisnagar to the North, the Gulph of Bengala on the East, the Moun∣tains of Malabar on the West, and the Kingdom of Tanjaour to the South.

Gingiro, a Kingdom in the Lower Aethiopia, towards Melincle, Zanguebar, and the Eastern Ocean.

Ginopoli, Gemanopolis, Jonopolis, a City of Pa∣phligonia, which is a Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Gangra. It lies upon the Black Sea, ten German Miles West of Carambis, the most Northern Cape of the Lesser Asia.

Giordano, Jordan.

Giorgiana, Georgia.

Giovenazzo, Juvenacium, a Maritim City of A∣pulia Pucetia, (now Terra di Lavoro) upon the Gulph of Venice, between Bari to the North, and Trani to the South; welve Miles from the first, and a little morefrom the latter: In Long. 40. 50. Lat. 41. 12. This is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bari. It stands upon an Hill, and is almost incom∣passed with the Sea.

Giovenco, Juvencus, Invectus, a River of Italy, in the Kingdom of Naples, which falls into the Lake of Celano, at the foot of the Appennine, forty five Miles West of Rome, in the Province of Abruzzo. Heretofore it passed through the Lake without mix∣ing with it; but whether it passeth into any other River, or is swallowed up by the subterraneous pas∣sages, which carry away the waters of that Lake, Le∣andro has not informed us.

Gir, a River of Africa, which rising in Biledulge∣rida, not far from the Atlantick Ocean, runs East∣ward; and passing under several Chains of Hills and Mountains, at last falls into Nile, above the Cata∣racts of Egypt. It is a vast and wonderful River in all things; and deserves a more particular descri∣ption, if the Counties through which it passes, were so known to us, as to enable us to give it.

Girgia. See Hyrach.

Girigo, Girgium, a City of the Ʋpper Egypt, near the Nile; the Capital of a Province, which takes its Name from this City; betwixt Barbanda and the Sahid. Otherwise written Girgilo.

Girmasti, Caicus, a River of the Lesser Asia, which rising by a City of the same Name, washeth Judai, Pergama, Caristo, and Stinga; then falls in∣to the Archipelago, over against the Isle of Metel∣lino. The City of Girmasti was of Old called Hie∣rogerma; and is a Bishops See, under the Archbi∣shop of Cyzioeno; called only Germa in the Councils, being attributed by some to Mysia Minor, by others to Phrygia Minor; it lies between Balichstria to the East, and Pergama to the West.

Giro, or Palmacia, Venaria, a small Island on the Eastern Coasts of Genoua.

Girona, Gerunda, a City of Catalonia in Spain; built by Gerion, a celebrated Hero, who is said to have lived Anno Mundi 2840. and to have been Con∣temporary with Hely the Judge of Israel. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragona, of a large extent; seated partly upon the descent of a Hill, partly upon a Plain; ennobled with two Bridges, one in the City over the River Oingar, and the other without the City, on the North side, over the River Ter: and besides is very well fortified, and honoured with the Title of a Dukedom. This City lies seven Leagues from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the West, eight from the Borders of France, fourteen from Perpig∣nan to the South, and sixteen from Barcelona to the North. A Spanish Council was held at it in 517.

Gisborn, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Stancliff.

Gisborough, a Market Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Langburgh: situa∣ted in a pleasant Flat, between Mulgrave and the River Tees, and heretofore enriched with an Abbey. This is the first place, where Allum was made in England.

Gisors, Caesortium, Caesarotium and Gisorium, an ancient Town in Normandy, mentioned by Antoni∣nus; the Capital of le Vexin Normand, a Territory in this Province, which lies upon the River Epte, six∣teen Leagues from Paris to the West, and ten from Roan to the North-East. It has given the Title of an Earl for many Ages past. About the year 1188. Henry I. King of England, and Philip the August King of France, had an Enterview betwixt this place and Trie, after the news of the taking of Jerusalem by Saladine: wherein they agreed upon a Croisade for the recovery of the Holy Land again, and to lay aside their differences with one another, till they had per∣formed it.

Givaudan, or Gevaudan, Gabali, a Territory in Languedoc, the Capital of which is Mende; it lies be∣tween Auvergne to the North, Rovergne to the West, the Lower Languedoc to the South, and Vivarais and Velay to the East. Placed in the Mountains of Se∣vennes, and very subject to Snow, yet not unfruitful; near the sourse of the Allier, the Lot, [Olda] and the Tarn. Mende the principal City, lies twenty five Leagues from Lyon to the South West; and Baignol, the next to Mende in greatness, lies about six Miles South of it. This was the Country of the ancient people, called Gabales. It now gives the Title of Earl to the Bishops of Mende, and was first united to the Crown of France in 1271. being heretofore un∣der its own Counts. The Huguenots ravaged it much in the last Age.

Giulap, Chaboras, Chobar, a River and City of Mesopotamia. The River ariseth from Mount Ma∣sius, in the Confines of the Greater Arabia; and run∣ning Southward through Mesopotamia, falls into the River Euphrates, at Al Thabur; which last City, it seems, is by some called Giulap. The River is the same that passeth by Caramit, the Capital of Diar∣beck, or Mesopotamia, and in the latter Maps is cal∣led Soaid: supposed to be the River Chobar, mentio∣ned by Ezekiel the Prophet. See Chaibar.

Giulia, Julia, a City of Transylvania, between the Rivers of Sebekeres, and Feyerkeres, upon the Lake Zarkad; seven German Miles South of Great Waradin; upon the Frontiers of Transylvania; in the Hands of the Turk, whose Ancestors conquered it in 1566. Some Authors believe this to be the same place with the Ziridava of the Ancients.

Giulich, a Branch of Mount Taurus in Cilicia.

Giulick. See Juliers.

Giustandil, Acrys, Justiniana Prima, Lychnidus, Tauresium, a City of Macedonia, commonly by the Christians called Locrida; standing on the Confines of Albania, upon the Lake Pelioum, out of which the River riseth, that watereth Albanopoli. This Ci∣ty was the Birth-place of that Great Prince Justinian the Emperour, and from him had the Name of Justi∣niana: even now it is a great and populous City, and an Archbishops See: it stands upon an high Hill, eighty Miles from Durazzo to the East.

Glamorganshire, Glamorgania, Morganucia, one of the twelve Counties of Wales, has on the South the Severn Sea, on the East Monmouthshire, on the North Brecknockshire, and on the West Caermarthenshire: the North part being Mountainous, is barren and un∣pleasant: the South side descending by degrees, spreads it self into a fruitful Plain, which is filled with Towns. The principal City of this County is Lan∣daff.

There is in this County one hundred and eighteen Parishes. The Earldom was granted to Ed∣ward Somerset, Lord Herbert of Chepstow, &c. by Charles I. in 1645. the Father of Henry Duke of Beaufort, in which most Loyal and most Noble Fa∣mily it now is.

Glan, Clanes, a River in Bavaria, which now falls into the Danube.

Glandeves, Glandeva, Glannata, Glannatica, a ruined City in Provence, amongst the Maritime Alpes, near the River Var; giving Name to an Ho∣nourable Family in Province, and formerly dignified with the Title of an Earldom. The continual Inun∣dations of the River Var obliged the Inhabitants to desert it, about eight hundred years ago; who settled at Entrevaux, at the distance of a quarter of a League from it; whether they removed also the Episcopal See of Glandeves, which is a Suffragan to the Archbi∣shop of Ambrun.

Glanfordbridge, or Glamford, a Market Town in Lincolnshire, in the Hundred of Yarborough.

Glanio, Clanius, Liris, a River in Italy, now fre∣quently called L'Agno. See Agno.

Glarys, Calarona, Glarona, a Town in Switzer∣land, which is the Capital of a Canton, seated in a Valley of the same Name, upon the River Sarneff; amongst very high Hills, called Glarnischberg; eighteen Miles from Altorf to the South-East, and as many from Schwits to the North-East. This is so great, populous and strong, that it may compare with most Cities. The Plain upon which it stands, lies by the River Limat, about three German Miles in length, being fensed on three sides by the towring Alpes: having on the South and East the Grisons; on the West the Canton Von Vry, and Schwits; and on the North the River Limat, which parts it from the Gri∣sons. This is one of the lesser Cantons, and the eighth in number. Of old subject to the Monastery of Secon, which had the Tythes, and some certain Rents; but the Inhabitants were otherwise free of all Exactions, Taxes and Tolls; and governed by a Senate chosen out of themselves, by their own Laws and Customs; only the Abbess of the Monastery chose the Senators: and the Emperor was Advocate of the Monastery: which Right being consigned by Fredericus Aenobarbus, to Otho, Palatine of Burgundy, came to the House of Hapspurgh; and by the latter, to Albert, Son of Ro∣dolphus I. who attempting to change these Methods of Government, this Canton in 1351. revolted, and was received into the League of the Cantons; and in 1386. gave the Austrians a fatal overthrow. Zuin∣glius, about 1515. preaching here against the Church of Rome, many of the Inhabitants imbraced the Re∣formed Religion, the rest persisting in the Roman; and so it stands at this day.

Glas, Nanaeus, a River in Scotland, the same with Strachnavern.

Glascow, Glasquo, Glascum, a City in the West of Scotland, upon the River Cluyd, [Glotta,] sixteen Miles from the Western Shoar. This was very anci∣ently a Bishops See, but discontinued till King Wil∣liam of Scotland, restored it: now an Archbishops See, and an University, which was opened by Turnbull a Bishop, who in 1554. built a College here: and it is now the best place of Trade in this part of Scotland, having a delightful situation, excellent Apples, and a Bridge of eight Arches over the Cluyd.

Glastenbury, Glasconia, Avalonia, a very ancient and famous Abbey in the Isle of Avalon, in Sommer∣setshire, upon the River Parret; which is said to have been built, or begun, by Joseph of Arimathea, the Apostle of the Britains, under the Reign of Nero the Emperour and Arviragus King of the Brittains, (according to Gildas), and therefore honoured a∣bove all other places in this Nation. The first small Cell failing, Devi Bishop of S. David's, erected a new one in the same place. But Ina King of the West Saxons, who began his Reign in 689. and reigned thirty eight years, was its lasting and most beautiful Founder; who about 7 8. erected here a very fair and stately Church, in which time it was a kind of School, or Seminary, but managed by Secular Priests. Dunstan brought in the Benedictine Monks, about 970. under these, the place thrived wonderfully, and became a small City, incompassed with a strong Wall of a Mile about, and replenished with stately buil∣dings: they had a Revenue of 3508 l. per annum, when Henry VIII. put an end to all their Greatness. In this place in the Reign of Henry II. between two Pyramids, was found the Tomb of King Arthur, the famous Prince of the Britains; which is a very great Indication of the Antiquity of this Place, if there were no other. The Body lay very deep in the Earth, with an Inscription in Latin upon a Leaden Cross, expressing it was King Arthur, who was there buried in the Island of Avalon: It is certain, the Brittains made this place sometime their Retreat, from the har∣rassment of the Pagan conquering Saxons.

Glatz, or Gladscow, Clacium, Glotium, Glatium, a a City of Bohemia, and the Capital of a County of the same Name; seated upon the River Neis, which runs through Silesia; and beneath Guben falls into the Oder, near the Mountains of Fictelberg; twenty one German Miles from Prague to the East, and fif∣teen from Olmutz to the North; it is a small City, built at the foot of an Hill, and has a strong Castle in it. Dubravius saith, it belonged heretofore to Silesia. The chief Town in it, is Haberswerd.

Glencarn, Carbantorigum, an Earldom in Nidis∣dale in Scotland, belonging for a long time to the Cu∣ninghams, a great Family in that Nation.

Glendelagh, Glendelachum, once a City, now a Village, in the County of Dublin: also once a Bi∣shops See, but now united to the Bishoprick of Dub∣lin. This Name is written Glandeloure, and Glan∣dila••ge.

Glenluz Bay, Clen••ucensis Sinus, the Bay or Arm of the Sea, which divides Ireland from Galloway in Scotland.

Glinbotin, Planina, Scardus, a Mountain in the Eastern Confines of Macedonia, towards Albania, out of which springs the River Drin.

Globiokeu, a Town in Lithuania, made famous by a great Defeat of the Moscovites by the Poles in 1661. in which the former lost twelve thousand Men, and all their Cannon and Carriages.

Gloneck, a River of Bavaria, near Tyrol.

Gloucester, Claudia, & Claudia Castra, Clevum, Glovernum, a very ancient City, in a County of the same Name, in the West of England, called Glevum by Antoninus; being a Roman Colony designed for the curbing the Silures, a Warlike British Clan. It lies on the East side of the Severn; and where it is not secured by that River, has in some places a very strong Wall, and is a neat and populous City; with twelve Parish Churches standing in it, besides the Ca∣thedral: on the South side it had a fine Castle built of square Stone, which is now ruined. Ceaulin, King of the West Saxons, about 570. was the first that conquered it from the Britans. About 878. it fell into the hands of the Danes, who miserably defaced it. Soon after this Aldred, Archbishop of York, built the Cathedral, to which belongs now a Dean, and six Prebends. In this Church Edward II. was buried; and not far from him, Robert the eldest Son of Wil∣liam the Conquerour; two unfortunate Princes. In the Barons Wars under Edward I. and Henry III. it suffered very much. Richard III. sometime Duke of

Gloucester, made this City a County Corporate. Hen∣ry VIII. settled here a Bishops See in 1540. the first Bishop of which was Dr. John Chambers; from whom the present Bishop, is the fourteenth in number. Geo∣fry of Monmouth, had been Bishop of the See before; but it was suppressed in after times, and now again revived. This City falling at first into the hands of the Rebels in our former Troubles, was besieged Aug. 10. 1643. by the Kings Forces: the eighteenth the King came in Person to the Leaguer, but Essex co∣ming up Sept. 10. the Seige was raised: and for ought I can find, it continued in their hands till the Restitution of Charles II. § Gloucestershire, was the chief Seat of the Dobuni: on the West it butteth upon Monmonmouthshire, and Here∣fordshire; on the North upon Worcestershire; on the East upon Warwickshire; and on the South upon Wiltshire, and Somersetshire: from which last, it is parted by the River Avon: a plea∣sant and fruitful Country, stretching in length from North-East to South-West; the Eastern part swells up into Hills, called Cotteswold; the middle part sinks into a fertile Plain, watered by the Severn; the Western side is much covered with Woods. In the times of William of Malmsbury, the Vales in this County were filled with Vineyards, which are now turned into Orchards, and implyed in Cyder, the true and natural English Wine. The Honour or Dukedom which belongs to this County, is annexed to the Royal Family. Henry. the Third Son to Charles the Mar∣tyr was intituled Duke of Gloucester in 1641. Cre∣ated so May 13. 1659. and died September 13. 1660. a Prince of great Hope and Constancy.

Glogaw the Greater, Glogavia, Glosgavia, a City of Silesia in Bohemia, upon the River Oder; which is very well fortified, and has a strong Castle: the Ca∣pital of the Dukedom of Glogaw; about two German Miles from the Borders of Poland, and fifteen from Breslaw to the North, and from Sagan to the East seven. This City was taken by the Swedes in 1647.

Maly, or Klein Glogaw, the Lesser Glogaw, stands upon the same River, in the Dukedom of Oppelen: four Miles from Oppelen East, ten from Glatz East, and thirty from the Great Glogaw South.

Gluckstad, Glu••stadium, Fanum Fortunae, as the Name imports; a Town in Germany, in the Duke∣dom of Holstein, upon the Elbe, in Stormaria; pla∣ced at the confluence of the Elbe and the Stoer. It was raised and fortified by Christian IV. King of Denmark in 1620. and belongs now to that Crown. It stands six Miles beneath Hamburgh to the West.

Gluchsbourg, Glucsburgum, a small Town in Den∣mark, from which the Dukes of Holstein have their Title of Glucksbourg, or Luxbourg. It stands in the East part of the Dukedom of Sleswick, near Flents∣burgh, from which it lies but one German Mile to the East, upon a Bay of the Baltick Sea, towards the Isle of Alsen.

Glycynero, Athyras, L'Acqua Dolce, a River of Thrace; which ariseth near Byzia, Bilzier or Visa, a City of Thrace; and running Southward, falls into the Propontis, South of Seliurea; ten German Miles South of Constantinople, and six North of Pe∣rintho.

Gnesna, Limiosaleum, Gnesna, a City in the King∣dom of Poland, by the Germans called Gnisen: it is an Archbishops See, in the Palatinate of Kalish, to∣wards the Confines of Germany; and was anciently called Limiosaleum. This was the Royal City of Po∣land▪ and is now the Seat of the Primate of that Nation, and Capital of Polonia Major; but daily de∣caying, having suffered much by Fire in 1613. It lies three Polish Miles North from the River Warta, seven from Kalish, thirty five from Warsaw to the North-West, and thirty from Dantzick to the South-West. Built by Lechus I. King of Poland in a Marshy Ground. The Bishoprick was founded by Mieczilaws, Duke of Poland, in 966. The Bishop of this See executes the Regal Office in the Interregnum of that Kingdom, and summoneth the Diet for the Election of a new King. He has the privilege, from the Roman See, to be a Legatus Natus; and takes upon him to refuse to give precedence to Cardinals.

Gnido, Cnidus, Gnidus, a ruined old City of Ca∣ria in the Lesser Asia; seventy Miles from Halicar∣nassus to the East, between Rhodes and Cyprus, upon the Mediterranean Sea. There are here many ruins of ancient Structures, as a Theatre, a Temple, and the like, which shew the Antiquity of it: though now desolate, and its two Havens, which made it once so famous, totally decayed.

Goa, Barygasa, Goa, a City of the Hither East-In∣dies, called thus by the Portuguese; but Goemoat by the Natives, that is, the Fruitful well watered Land. It lies in a small Island towards the Mouth of the River Mandova, on the Shoars of the Province of Cuncan, in Long. 104. 15. Lat. 15. 40. on the Western Shoar of the Cape of Malabar. This Island belonged an∣ciently to the King of Decam; but in 1510. was con∣quered by Alfonsus Albuquerque, a Portuguese. Pope Paul I▪ made it an Archbishops See; and it was for a long time after the most celebrated Mart and Ha∣ven in the East-Indies: great, populous, rich and strong, though neither walled nor fortified, only as it had six Forts in the Suburbs. The Portuguese ere∣cted here an University, made it the Seat of the Vice-Roy of the Indies, and improved it as much as was possible. Thus Baudrand. Thevenot assures us, that it has good Walls, with Towers; and of Cannon plen∣ty. The Island produceth Corn, Cattle, Fruit in a∣bundance; and wants not good Water. It is still the Capital of the Portuguese Acquisitions in this re∣mote part of the World; full of Religious Houses and Churches, Monks and Friers; but much lessened as to its Trade, by the growth of the Dutch East-India Company. The Jesuits have five Houses belonging to their Order; and it is pretended, that the Body of S. Thomas the Apostle is preserved in this City.

Godalming, A Market Town in the County of Surrey. The Capital of its Hundred.

Goes, Goae, Tergoes, a considerable Town in Zealand, seated on that Branch of the Scheld, which is called the Schenk: a great, rich, and populous Town; on the North Shoar of the Isle of Beuelandt, four Miles East of Middleburgh, and almost five from Ʋlilissingen to the North-East. Guicciardin.

Goga, Dunga, a small City in India Propria, under the Mogul, in the Kingdom of Guzarat; towards the North Shoar of the Bay of Barigazen, sixty Spa∣nish Leagues from Dabul to the North.

Gogna, Agonia, a small River in the Dukedom of Milan; which ariseth near the Lake called il Magi∣ore, in the County of Novarese; and running South∣ward by Novara Mortara, a little above Dorno, takes in from the East the Ditombio; then falls into the P••, eight Miles West of Pavia.

Gojame, Gojamum, a Kingdom in Africa, in the Higher Aethiopia, near the Sources of the Nile; where it breaks out of the Lake Zembre, or Zaire; and lies on the South of the said Lake, between it and the Mountains: the Capital of it being Zembre, a City which gives Name to the Lake, between Long. 40. and 50. and South Lat. 10. and 20.

Golconde, Golconda, a Kingdom in the Hither East-Indies, near the Bay of Bengala; on the North it has the Empire of the Mogul, on the West the Kingdom of Decam, on the South the Kingdom of

Bisnagar, and on the East the Bay of Bengala. This is more frequently called Orixia. It is a great King∣dom; extended by the space of two hundred and sixty French Leagues upon the South Bay; and takes the Name of Golconda from the Capital City, which lies between the River Guenga, and the Mountains of Balagua: a great and noble City, adorned with such a stately Pagod or Temple, for the Indian Worship, as gains the preserence, with some Travellers, before the most admired Ediflces in all Asia; sixty Leagues from the Port of Masilupatam to the North, and fifty from the nearest Coast of the Ocean to the West. The other Cities are Conteripatam, Caregare, Orixa, Masilupatam, Narfingapatam, and Maliapaura, or S. Thomas. This Prince is one of the most powerful in the Indies. It is a pleasant Country to travel in, by reason of the Rice and Corn, and the many lovely Keservatories. The Earth also is rich in Mines of Diamonds. Monsieur Thevenot in his Travels, assures us, that Golconda is only a Castle, where the King of Orixa resides, and that the City is called Bagnagar; a great, populous, rich, well Traded City, in Southern Lat. 17. 10. adorned with many noble Structures, and fine Gardens, though the common People live in low, thatched, ill contrived Hutts. The Castle of Golconda stands two Miles West of Bagnagar, upon a Hill rising like a Sugar-Loa••, secured by a Dike which is very deep, and a Wall of Stones three Foot in length and breadth; the Ditches are filled with fair and good Water: besides this Wall, it has five round Towers, with a great many Cannon mounted both on the Wall and Towers, for the defence of the Place. The Prince of this Country is a Mahometan, Tributary to the Great Mogul; he has vast Revenues, being the Proprietor of all the Lands in his Kingdom; and his Tolls yield him a great Sum of Money.

Goldhurst, or Goudhurst, à Market Town in the County of Kent, in Scray Lath.

Goletta, or Goulette, Calache, a Fort in the King∣dom of Tunis, built by Charles V. in 1535. at the en∣trance of the Bay of Tunis; which was taken by the Turks in 1574. and since enlarged by them with a capacious Port, a Custom-house, two Mosques, and a Prison for Christian Slaves.

Golfo di Arabia, Sinus Arabicus, See the Red Sea, famous for the passage of the Children of Israel. That which we call a Bay, or Arm of the Sea, or a Sea restrai∣ned within narrower Bounds, as opposed to the word Ocean, is by the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese, cal∣led Golfo: so that in their account there is a vast number of Golfoes, or Gulphs: But I will only take notice here of the more remarkable, and to which the word Gulph is commonly added, reserving the rest to their proper places.

—di Balsora, Sinus Persicus, the Persian Gulph, which divides Persia from Arabia.

—di Lepanto, Sinus Crissaeus sive Corinthi∣acus, is a Bay or Branch of the Adriatick Sea; which entereth on the West side of the Morea; divides it from Livadia, (or Achaia,) a part of Greece; and extends it self to the six Mile Isthmus, which con∣nexes the Morea to the rest of Greece. This has been made exceeding famous by a great Naval Victory the Venetians obtained here against the Turks in 1571. in which the Maritim Forces of that Empire were so broken, that it has not been able to recover the loss to his day. In the year 1687. the Venetians again entered this Gulph, and taking its Dardanels, are be∣come the intire Masters of it.

—di Mexico, a vast Bay, which from the North Sea, (or Atlantick Ocean) between Florida, Cuba, H••••paniola, and the Caribbe Islands, insinuates it self, a〈…〉〈…〉ms a kind of Semicircle, of about twen∣ty degrees from North to South, and near fifty from East to West. In this Bay Jamaica lies upon the North; it has Florida upon the West; New Spain. on the East; and upon the South New Granada. The Continent of America is not here in the narrow∣est part above twenty German Miles; and therefore all that lies South of this Streight, is called South; and the other North America.

—di Taranto, Sinus Tarentinus, is all that great Bay at the South end of Italy, which has O∣tranto on the East, the Basuicate on the North, Ca∣labria on the West, and the Island of Sardo almost in the middle of it.

—di Venetia, the Venetian Gulph, or A∣driatick Sea, is a great Branch of the Mediterranean; which divides Greece on the East from Italy on the West; at the North end lies the City of Venice, which commands this Sea; and will suffer no other armed Ships upon it (as much as in that State lies) but Merchants, and the Convoys of them.

Golle, Galliola, a River in Soissons in the Isle of France.

Gollen-berg, Asciburgus, a Mountain in Poland, which is a Branch of the Sarmatian Mountains, in the opinion of Ptolemy. It begins at the Town of Twar∣dozyn, in the Confines of Hungary; and running Northwards towards the River Swarta, and the Mar∣quisate of Brandenburg, ends at the Baltick Sea. This Mountain is called Gollenberg by the Inhabi∣tants, and Tartary by the Poles.

Golnow, Golnovia, a small City in Germany, in the Dukedom of Pomerania, upon the River Ihna, which a little lower falls into the Oder, five German Miles North-East of Stetin. This City was built in 1188. And was heretofore a great and rich Place, but of later times it has suffered much by Fire, and War•• by the Peace of Westphalia it belonged to the King of Sweden; but by the Treaty of S Germain in 1679. it was mortgaged to the Elector of Brandenburg by the Swedes, for fifty thousand Crowns.

Golo, Tuolo, a River in the Isle of Corsica.

Gouiera, one of the Canary Islands, betwixt Tene∣rissa to the East and the Island of Iron to the West; which is twenty two Leagues in Compass, and has a Town of the same Name, and a large Haven: supposed to be that which the Ancients called Theode.

Gomeres, a Tribe of the ancient Bereberes in Africa: See Bereberes.

Gomorrha, an unfortunate City of Judaea, con∣sumed, together with four others, by Fire from Hea∣ven, Gen. 19. and the Plains, they stood in, turned into a Dead Sea, about the year of the World 2138.

Gonfi, Gomphi, a Town of Thessalia, in the Bor∣ders of Epirus, towards the Springs of the River Pe∣nee, thirty Miles East of Ragusa; it is still called by the ancient Name, but reduced to a Village.

Gonga, Gannum, Gan••s, Gonni, Gonos, a Town in Thrace, in the Province of Corp, upon the Propontis. It lies in the middle between Rodisto to the South, and Constantinople to the North, fifteen Miles from either. It is mentioned in the Councils.

Gorch, a Village of the Lower Hungary, upon the River Zarwich; between Alba-Regalis, and Quinque Ecclesiae.

Gordium, an ancient City of Phrygia in Asia Mi∣nor, upon the River Sangarius; where was that fa∣mous Gordian Knott, which Alexander cut in two with his Sword, when he could not otherwise untye it.

Goree, Goeree and Goure, an Island in the Atlan∣tick Ocean, upon the Coast of Nigritia in Africa, three Leagues distant from Cape de Verde; here∣tofore belonging, as a dependent, to the Kingdom of Ale in Barbary; till taken by the Hollanders, who

built it a Fort, called Nassaw; and in 1677. from the Hollanders, by the French.

Goritia, Noreja, Julium Carnicum, Goritia, is a small, but very strong City in the Eastern Border of Friuli, next Carniola, upon the River Lisonzo, or Isonzo, [Sontius] three German Miles from Friuli East, and seventeen from Venice. This is the Capital of a small County of the same Name, and is well feated, over-looking a fair Plain to the South-West. The Emperours Governour of the Country lives in the Castle, who has a Guard allowed him. The Ger∣mans call it Gortz. This City and County fell to Frederick IV. by Inheritance from the last Earl of Gortz, who died in 1473. and ever since it has been in the Possession of the House of Austria. It has been esteemed a part of Carniola, though it be in truth a part of Friuli.

Gorkum, Gorichemum, a City or great Town in South Holland, upon the Maes, where it receives the Ling, one Mile more West than the Confluence of the Maes and Wael, three Leagues from Dort to the East, and four from Breda to the North; built in the year 1230. by a Lord of the Territory of Arkel, of which it is the Capital; and very strongly for∣tified.

Gorlitz, Gorlitium, a City of the Ʋpper Lusa∣tia, in Germany, which is the Capital of that Country. It is very strong, seated in a Marsh upon the River Nisse, which falls into the Oder, between Gossen and Franckfort, twelve German Miles from Glogaw to the South-West, the same from Dresden to the East, and eighteen from Prague to the North. It was hereto∣fore under the King of Bohemia, but belongs now to the Elector of Saxony.

Goro, Sagis, a Haven at one of the Mouths or Out∣lets of the Po.

Gory, a principal Town or small City in Gurgi∣stan (or Georgia) in Asia, upon the River Kur, in a Plain betwixt two Mountains; built by a General of the Persian Army, about forty years ago, and de∣fended with a Fortress, in which a hundred natural Persians keep Garrison. It is already grown a rich and plentiful place.

Goslar, Goslaria, an Imperial and Free-City, in the Lower Saxony, in Germany, within the Bounds of the Dukedom of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel, in the Fo∣rest of Sellerwalt. Built by Henry the Fowler, and fortified in 1201. The Dukes of Brunswick are its Protectors: it stands on the Confines of the Bishop∣rick of Hildisheim, five Miles from that City to the South East, and seven from Halberstad to the West, upon the River [Gosa] Gostar, which a little lower falls into the River Oakre, [Obater.]

Gostynin, Gostinia, a small Town, and a Castel∣lany thereto belonging, in the Palatinate of Rava, in the Great Poland; two Miles from the Vistula, and Ploczko to the South; which has a Castle, tolerably strong. This small Place was made famous by the Imprisonment and Death of Susicius, Great Duke of Muscovy.

Gotham, Egates, Aegates, a knot of small Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, over against the Western Point of Sicily, upon the Coast of Africa.

Gothardsberg, or S. Gothard, Adula, Summae Alpes, a considerable Branch of the Swiss Alpes, be∣tween the Dutchy of Milan and Switzers, where the Pennine Alpes begin: it lies in part in the Canton of Ʋri, and in part in the Upper League of the Gri∣sons, between Altorff to the North, and the Town of Belinzona (once a Town of the Dutchy of Mi∣lan, now belonging to the Swiss), upon the River Tesino, to the South: the parts of this Mountain are Grispaltsberg, from whence springeth the first Branch of the Rhine; Vogselberg, called by the Italians, il monte Ʋccello, from whence comes the second Branch of the Rhine; Mont Furk, from whence the Rhosne and the Tesino; Mont Grimsel, the Mother of the Aar and Russ, which do both afterwards fall into the Rhine. It is dangerous to pass this Branch of the Alpes without Guides, being ordinarily covered with Snow.

Gothen, Gotha, a small City in Thuringia in Ger∣many, built by the Goths; which is now under the Duke of Gotha, a Branch of the House of Saxony, whose Castle is Grimmestein. This place was here∣tofore very strong, but in the time of Ferdinand I. it was destroyed, and in later times rebuilt, and cal∣led Freidenstein. It stands three German Miles from Erford to the West, and four from Eysenach. § The Dukedom of Gotha, is a part of the Ʋpper Saxony, under the Dominion of its own Duke; who is a Branch of the Line of Weymar; and besides this, pos∣sessed of Altenburg in Misnia, Coburg, a part of Hennenberg, in Franconia; and Osterland in the Ʋpper Saxony.

Gothebourg, or Gotembourg, a very strong City with an Harbour belonging to it, in the Province of Westrogothia, at the entrance of the Baltick Sea, three German Miles from Bahuys to the South, sixty six from Stockholm to the South-West, and seventeen from Skagen (the most Northern Point of Jutland) to the North-West. In this City Charles IX. King of Sweden died, in 1660. § There is another Town of the same Name in New York (formerly called New Sweden) in America; built by the Swedes, but taken from them by the Hollanders, and taken again from the Hollanders by the English.

Gotland, Gothia, the South part of the Kingdom of Sweden, called by the Inhabitants Gutlandt; by the Swedes Gota; by the Germans Gotlandt. It lies between Sweden properly so called, Norway to the North, and the Baltick Sea; from Norway it is again divided by the vast Lake Wener, and the River that issueth out of it. This great space of Land is divided into three parts, or Provinces, West Gota, Ost Gota, and Sod Gota; each of which is again sub∣divided into lesser Provinces. In Ostrogothia, is Ost Gota, Smaland, Oeland, and an Island in the Baltiek Sea, called Gotland. In Sod (or South) Gota, which lies next Denmark, (being separated from it only by the Sound,) are Skone, Haland, and Bleking; which three belonged heretofore to the Danes; but in 1658. by the Treaty of Roschild, were yielded to the Swedes. In Westrogothia, are Daal and Wermeland: the prin∣cipal Cities in these Provinces, are, Calmar, Gotten∣bourg, Bahuys, and Landskroon. This was the Coun∣try of that Nation of the Goths, which contributed so very much to the ruin of the Western Roman Em∣pire, being associated in their Conquests by the Rugii, the Carini, the Sidrones, the Vandali, and others. They began to be taken notice of under Decius the Emperour, in the year of Christ 251. Theodosius conquered them after this, when they had but a little before ruined Valens his Predecessor. A∣laricus took Rome, and laid all Italy desolate in the Reign of Honorius, A. D. 409. after whom, Atul∣phus set up the Kingdom of Wisigoths, or Western Goths, in Aquitania and Narbon in France; which was conquered in 506. or rather removed into Spain; where it continued three hundred years, till Roderi∣cus, the last King of this Race, was overthrown and slain by the Moors and Saracens of Africa. Of all which I shall speak more largely in the proper places. This people had a Bishop, named Theophilus, as∣sisting at the General Council of Nice, under Con∣stantine the Great; and another, Ʋlphilas, who was a famous Arrian. § The Island of Gotland afore∣mentioned, in the Baltick Sea, is about twelve

Leagues long from North to South, and five broad from East to West, and nine Swedish Miles from the Isle of Oeland to the East; with the City Wisburg for its Capital.

Gottingen, Dulgibiorum, Dulgumniorum, Muni∣tium, Juliphurdum, Gottinga, Gottengen, a City of the Lower Saxony, in the Dukedom of Brunswick, upon the River Leyne; five German Miles from Lim∣becke on the same River to the South, twelve from Paterborne to the East, and sixteen from Mansfelt to the West: the River upon which it stands, a little beneath Ferden, falls into the Weser, above Bremen to the East, six Miles.

Gottorp, a Castle near Sleswick, in the Province of Jutland, in Denmark; which is the ordinary resi∣dence of the Dukes of Holstein, entituled Gottorp from hence, in distinction from the Dukes of Hol∣stein Regalis. Two Branches of the same Family from Christian III. King of Denmark. See Holstein.

Gotz. See Emmaus.

Goualiar, or Govaleor, a City and Province of the same Name, of the Empire of the Great Mogul in India, on this side the Ganges, to the East of Agra. The former is esteemed one of the most considerable places in the Indies; where the Emperour keeps his Treasure, and confines the Prisoners of State.

Goude, Gauda, a Town and Port of Holland upon the Issel, which there receives the River Gou, which last gives Name to this place; in an advantageous situation upon the account of the Sluces; five Leagues from Leyden. It is said to have been built in the year 1272. and afterwards in 1420. to have been quite destroyed by fire. The Town-house is remarked for a good Building.

Gouel, a River of the Kingdom of Bengale in the East-Indies, where Diamonds are found.

Governo, Acroventum, a Town in the Dutchy of Milan, but under the Dominion of the Republick of Venice, upon the Po, where the River Menzo comes to join it, between Mantoua and Concordia: Memo∣rable for the Enterview at it of Pope Leo, and At∣tila King of the Hunns.

Gournay, Gornacum, a Town in the Territory of Bray in Normandy, upon the River Epte, five Leagues from Gisors. § There is another of the same Name in the Isle of France, upon the Frontiers of Picardy and the River Aronde, betwixt Compiegne, Noyen and Clermont en Beauvais.

Gozi, Thera, and Island near Candia.

Gozo, Gaulos, and by the Inhabitants called Gau∣disch, is a small Island near Malta to the West, at the distance of four Miles only, mentioned by Stra∣bo and Pliny. Now belonging to the Knights of Maltha, who have fortified it with a Castle. § Also an Island in the Sea of Crete near Cape Crio, called Claudia, in the Acts of the Apostles, C. 27. 16. and otherwise by the Ancients, Claudus and Claudos.

La Grace, or La Grasse, a City of Provence in France, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Embrun, in the stead of Antipolis, now Antibe: it is seated upon an Hill; and is a fine well built City, with divers Churches and Religious Houses in it; three Leagues from Antibe to the West, seven from Nice to the same quarter, about twenty four from Embrun to the South, and the same from Sisteron to the South▪West. Hadr. Vales. in his Notitia Galliae saith, this City in 1285 belonged to the Bishoprick of Arles, and Antibe was then the Bishops See; but in 1322. this is named, as a Suffragan Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Embrun, in the Itinerary of Gregory XI. And that the See was removed hi∣ther upon the account of the daily Incursions of Py∣rats and Robbers, and upon the slaughter of one of the Bishops of Antibe. For (saith he) Antibe is a Sea-Port, but La Grace is a strong Castle, and more remote from the Sea. Which reason sheweth the weakness of the French Nation at Sea in those times.

Gracias a Dios, a Town and Cape of the Pro∣vince of Honduras, in New Spain, in the Northern America; possessed by the Salvages, with the whole Country thereabouts, to the extent of fifty Leagues, living in a Republican way, without any Soveraign King or Prince over them; and when they go to War, making choice of one out of themselves to com∣mand for that present Juncture. The Spaniards ho∣nour them with the Title of los Indios Bravos, for their Gallantry, having been never conquered yet.

Gradiska, Gradiscia, a principal Town of the Province of Sclavonia in the Lower Hungary, upon the Save, betwixt Possega and Zagrabia, towards the Borders of Croatia. See Sclavonia. Some will have it to be the true Servitium of the Ancients. § A Fortress likewise in Friuli, in the County of Goritia, upon the River Sisonzo, which belongs to the House of Austria.

Grado, Gradus, a City and Island belonging to Friuli, on the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea, or Gulph of Venice; built by the Inhabitants of Aquileja; eight Miles from Venice to the East, and twelve from Aquileja to the South, under the Venetians. The Patriarchs of Aquileja long since removed from thence, and settled here; as they went afterwards from hence to Venice, about two hundred years since. E∣lias one of these Patriarchs in 602. celebrated a Coun∣cil in this place.

Grafignana, Caferoniana, a County within the Apennine; the greatest part of which is under the Duke of Modena, the rest belongs to the Republick of Lucca.

Graftschaft Mansfeld, Mansfeldiensis Comita∣tus, the County of Mansfield. The word Grafts∣chaft, in the German Town, signifying a County.

Grafton, a Road-Town in Northamptonshire, in the Hundred of Cleley; adorned with a Park, and an an∣cient Seat of the Family de Wideville, Earls of Rivers. The Marriage of King Edward IV. with the Lady Grey, which was the first Marriage of any King of England with a Subject from the Conquest, recei∣ved its consummation here. From the year 1490. to Henry VIII. this Seat, bequeathed by Richard (the last of the Male Line of the Rivers), to Thomas Grey, Marquess of Dorset, continued in the Name of the Greys: and then in an exchange for Lands in Lei∣cestershire, became united to the Crown. It is well known for giving the Title of Duke to the late Hen∣ry Fitz Roy, created by King Charles II. his Father, Baron of Sudbury, Viscount Ipswich, and Earl of Euston in 1672. and Duke of Grafton five years after: who dyed of the Wounds he received at the Siege of Cork.

Grambusia, Crambusia, a small Island on the Coast of Cilicia.

Grampond, a Market and Borough-Town in the County of Cornwall, in the Hundred of Powder: which returns two Members of Parliament.

Gran, Strigonium, a City of the Lower Hungary, seated on the South-West side of the River Danube, where the River Gran falls into the Danube. Its Castle is a very fine Pile, built upon the Banks of the Danube, upon a Rock, which is very steep. The City is of a Triangular form. It has two great Towers, one toward Thomasberg, and the other to∣wards the Danube, over against Barkan: between these Towers there is a Wall; which has small Flanks and Redoubts, and a Dike flanked with hewen Stone: at the foot of the Dike there runs a Terrasse, which has strong Pallisadoes, and four great Points, instead

of Ravelins: the other side towards the Danube has nothing but Walls and Pallisadoes; it is very steep on that side, and secured by the River. The Castle stands very high, but there are two Mountains from which it may be battered. This City is divided into two parts, the High and the Low Town, the last commanding the Danube: they are both very strong, and have good Walls. S. Thomas's Hill is also well fortified, because being very near the Town, it would otherwise have commanded it. There are in it ex∣cellent temperate Baths. This City was heretofore the Capital of Hungary, and has many magnificent Buildings in it, as S. Stephens Church, the Archbishops Palace, &c. The Country about it affords excellent Wines; there is plenty of hot Springs; so that the pleasantness of its situation, and the fertility of the Soil easily induced the ancient Kings of Hungary to settle here. The importance of this Place has brought upon it many bloody Sieges. John King of Hungary besieged it without any success, about 1529. Soly∣man the Magnificent took it in 1544. The Count of Mansfield retook it for the Arch-Duke Matthias, in 1595. It was lost again by the Cowardize of the Garrison in 1605. the Governour being accidentally killed. Just over against it stands Barkan, to which there is a Bridge of Boats over the Danube, which to∣gether with Barkan was burnt by the Christians in 1664. In 1683. there was under the Walls of this City, a sharp Engagement between the Turks and Germans; the latter prevailing, and taking the City of Gran also, October 23, after they▪ had beat the Turks from Vienna. July 30. 1685. the Turks again besieged this City, but were forced to retire, Aug. 16. with the loss of all their Cannon and Baggage. It stands six German Miles from Alba Regalis to the East; the same from Buda to the North, and Comora to the South; in a most fruitful and pleasant Plain. Called by the Inhabitants Stegran; by the Germans, Gran; by the Italians, Strigonia. S. Stephen King of Hungary was born here. This City is also an Arch∣bishops See; the Archbishop is perpetual Chancellor of the Kingdom of Hungary, and ought by his place to have the Honour of Crowning the King after he is chosen, being the Prima•••• of that whole Kingdom. § The River Gran riseth in the Carpathian Hills; and passing by Liptsch, Ne••••sol, Konisperg, and Soi∣dig••n, at Barkan, over against Gran, falls into the Danube. Long. 41. 25. Lat. 47. 45.

Grana, a small River in Italy, which falls into the Po, against the Mouth of the Tanaro.

Granada, Granata, Granatum, Illiberis, and Reg∣num Oranatense, a Kingdom and a City in Spain. The Kingdom of Granada lies in the South of Spain, upon the Mediterranean Sea, being heretofore the Eastern part of Hispania Boetica. Bounded on the East with the Kingdom of Murcia; on the North and West with that of Andalusia; and on the South with the Mediterranean. It is full of Mountains; the greatest of which is Apu••axara. The Soil was once very fruitful, but now desolate, and consequently in many parts barren. This Kingdom was one of the first the Moors possessed themselves of, and of the last they lost; the Spaniards not recovering it out of their Hands before 1492. Peter Son of Alphonsus, King of Castile, surprised one of their Kings and slew him in 1350. But Ferdinando in the first menti∣oned year was the Prince which God had appointed to put a final period to the Kingdom of the Moors in Spain, by the expulsion of Mahomet Boabdelin, the last King of Granada, Son of Muley Assin. As this raised Spain to that greatness our Fathers saw and feared; so the expulsion of the Posterity of these Moors by Philip II. in 1571. (occasioned by a Rebellion here and in. Andalusia, upon the score of the Inquisition) began the ruin of Spain; the loss of so vast a number of Subjects (many of which though banished as Mahometans, did profess Chri∣stianity in Africa amongst the Moors) having rendered it (together with the American Plantati∣ons) weak and unable to defend it self, or to main∣tain its very distant Dominions. The principal Ci∣ties of this Kingdom are, Granada, Guadix, Baza, Ronda, and Almeria. This Kingdom is twenty five Miles in breadth, twenty three in length, and sixty in circumference. § Granada, Nova Illiberis, the Ca∣pital City of the last mentioned Kingdom (and from whence it had its Name:) is a great and most de∣lightful City as any in Spain; the Air healthful; and it has plenty of excellent Springs; so that the Moors were of opinion, Paradise was at least in that part of the Heavens which influenced this Climate. This Ci∣ty was built out of the Ruins of Illiberis, an old Roman City, in an extended form upon several Hills, (two of which are higher than any of the rest) upon the River Del Oro [Darrum], the River Xe∣nil [Singilis] flowing also not far from it on the South. This City is divided into four parts; the first is Granada, in which is the Cathedral; the se∣cond, Alhambra, beautified with the Palace of the Moorish Kings, which is extreamly Magnificent, and has a delightful Prospect; the third, Alvesia; and the fourth, Antiquerula, which for the multitude of In∣habitants, and beauty of the Buildings, is not inferior to any of the other three: the whole is twelve Miles in compass, inhabited by many excellent Artificers, especially Silk-Weavers. It has also a Bishops See, an University opened by Ferdinando, and a Parliament or Chancellary. This City was built by the Moors, who were expelled out of it, after they had possessed it 778 years, in 1462. It has twelve Gates, and a thousand and thirty Towers. In it lie buried Fer∣dinando and Isabella, Philip I. and Joanna his Queen. On the East there is a Castle built on a Hill of hewen Stone. This City stands thirty six Leagues from Sevil to the East, nineteen from Cordova to the South-East, and twelve from Ja••n to the South. Long. 17. 10. Lat. 37. 30.

New Granada, by the Spaniards styled Nuevo Reyno de Granada, a Kingdom in the South Ameri∣ca, in the large Country of Castile d' Or, whereof it is sometime reckoned as a Province; lying betwixt the Provinces of Popayan, Paria, and S. Martha; a hundred and thirty Leagues in length, in breadth where it is at the largest about thirty, and where the least about twenty. There are Mines of Gold and pre∣cious Stones to enrich it, with large Forests and ex∣cellent Pasturage. It lies so near the Equinoctial, that the difference betwixt Winter and Summer, the Day and Night, is scarce observable. Subject never∣theless to violent Hurricanes, Thunders and Light∣nings. The principal Provinces of it are Bogota and Tunia. The Capital City, S. Fe de Bogota: the other principal Cities and Places under the Spaniards, Trini∣dad, la Palma, Pampl••na, Merida, Tunia, Mere∣quita, Vittoria, St. John de los Lanos, &c. It is watered by the great River de la Madalena, and in divers parts inhabited by numbers of Salvages. § There is a Town, Granada, in the Region of Nicaragua in the North America, towards the Gulph of Nicara∣gua and the North Sea; under the Government of Guadimala. § And an Island amongst the Caribbes; named so formerly by the Spaniards, but now under the Dominion of the French: Betwixt La Trinidad, Tabago, and Barbadoes.

Grandmont or Geerstberg, G••rardi Mons, a small Town in the Earldom of Flanders, upon a Hill, with the River Dender running by its foot: three Leagues from Oudenarde and five from Dendermonde. Built

about the year 1065. by Baldwin V. Earl of Flanders; and often taken by the French.

Grane, Grana, an Island belonging to France, in the Bay of Aquitaine.

Granea, Echedorus, a River of Macedonia, which falls into the Gulph of Thessalonica; said to have been drunk dry by the Army of Xerxes. It is now called Calico by some, by others Verataser; and runneth near the City of Thessalonica.

Grange, a Seigniory in the Province of Berry in France, giving its name to an honorable Family.

Granico, Granicus, a River of the Lesser Asia, placed by Strabo in the Lesser Mysia: it springeth from Mount Ida, and bending Northward, falls into the Propontis between Cyzicum to the East, and Lam∣poscus to the West; its Fountains are twenty Stadias from the Springs of Scamander [now Scamandro.] Also at this day called Granico by some, and by others Lazzara. Upon the Banks of it near Cyzicum, was the first Battel between Alexander the Great, and Darius King of the Persians, Anno Romae 420. i. e. 334 years before our Saviour, in which a hundred thousand Persians were slain. See Plutarch and Justin.

Granson, Gransonium, a Village in Switzerland, near the Lake of Newenbourg, which has a small Di∣strict belonging to it, subject to the Cantons of Bearn, and Friburg: it lies at the equal distance of 3 Miles from Newenburg to the South, and Friburg to the West. Near this place, the Army of Charles the Har∣dy. Duke of Burgundy, consisting of 50000 Men, was defeated by 5000 Swiss in 1476. and his Camp taken with all his Baggage and Cannon. This unfortunate Prince had but a little before taken this Town from the Swiss; and coming too late to relieve it again, the Swiss upon this defeat of his Army, have ever since enjoyed it.

Grantham, a Borough and Market Town of very good account in Lincolnshire, in Kesteven Division, upon the River Witham. The Capital of its Hundred, and priviledged with the right of sending two Bur∣gesses to the Parliament; vulgarly taken notice of for an extraordinary high (and therefore seemingly crooked) Steeple.

Granville, Grandisvilla, Magna villa, a strong Sea-Port Town in Normandy, betwixt Coutances and Auranches, seven Leagues from Jarsey to the South, and five from S. Michael to the North: situated in part upon a Rock of difficult access, and part in the Plain.

Graro, Masta, a Mountain of Aethiopia, upon the South-East of Egypt.

Gras de Passon, Massalioticum, the Mouth or Haven at the Outlet of the River Rhosne, into the Mediterranean Sea. This French Word GRAS, (like the Latin, Gradus, from whence it is derived) being imployed by them, as the other was by the Romans, to signifie a Wharf, Key, or Stairs for the Shipping and Landing Merchandize; and consequently for an Harbour, Haven, or Sea-Port, or the Mouth of a Ri∣ver; it frequently occurs in the Names of such places.

Grasse. See La Grace.

Grateley, Gratelea. This place is mentioned in the Tomes of the Councils for a Council assembled at it in 928: But whether it be the Village of the name in the County of Southampton and the Hundred of Andover, or another in Barkshire in the Hundred of Reading, it is not clearly seen.

Gratiosa, one of the Azores.

Gratti, Crathis, a River of the hither Calabria, which ariseth out of the Apennine Hills; and running Northward, takes in Busentium near Cosenza; after∣wards also being swelled by the Cothyle, the Turbido, and some others of less note, it falls into the Gulph of Taranto at Thuris, an ancient but ruined City now called, La torre di Brodogneto.

Gratz, or Gretz, Graiacum, Graecium, Graecium Savariae, a very strong City of Stiria, which is the Capital of that Province, and has a Princely Castle in it; the common Residence of the Arch Duke of Gratz, or Stiria, who is of the House of Austria; it stands upon the River Mure, thirteen German Miles from Vienna to the South, five from the Drave, nine from Judenburg to the East; and five Leagues below the confluence of the Mure with the Drave.

Graudentz, or Grudzanez, Graudentium, Gru∣dentum, a sweet, well fortified Town, in the Prussia Polonica; or that part, which belongs to the Kingdom of Poland; seated upon the Confluence of the Osse and Vistula; fifteen Polish Miles above Dantzick to the South, and thirty five from Warshaw to the North. It has a Castle, and is under the Poles.

Grave, Gravia, Carvo, a strong Town in Bra∣bant, upon the Maes, under the Ʋnited Provinces. Taken by the French in 1672. and after a Siege of three Months left in 1674. It is the Capital of a small District called Kuiclandt by the Dutch; and stands two Leagues from Nimeguen to the South, and four from Bosle-Du•• to the East, upon the Frontiers of Gelderland.

Graveling, Gravelines, Gravelingen, Gravelina, Gravelinga, a strong Sea-Port on the Coast of Flan∣ders, at the Mouth of the River Aa; which ariseth in the County of Bologne; and watering Renty and S. Omar, falls here into the British Sea; three Miles from Calis to the North, and the same from Dunkirk to the South. It was taken by the French in 1644, and again in 1658: ever since which time it has been in their hands. The Castle was first built in 1528. by the Order of the Emperor Charles V.

Gravesend, a noted Market Town in the County of Kent, in Aylesford Lath; seated upon a rising Hill, on the banks of the Thames, over against Tilbury Fort in Essex.

Gravina, a City in Puglia, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Acerenza; and has the honour to give the Title of a Duke to the Family of Ʋrsina. It stands at the foot of the Apennine, in the Borders of the Basili∣cate; nine Miles from Matera to the North, twenty four from Cirenza to the East, and thirty four from Bari to the West.

Gray, Graeum, Graium, Greium, a City in the County of Burgundy, or the Franche Comte; small, but well Peopled; seated on an Hill, upon the River Saone [Arar] which watering Lion, falls beneath it into the Rhosne; in the Borders of the Dukedom of Burgundy, nine Miles from Dijon to the East, and six from Dole to the North: It was well fortified, and had heretofore a strong Castle; but being taken by the French in 1668. and retaken in 1674, the French dismantled it, after which by the Treaty of Nime∣guen, it was in 1678. resigned to them, and they still have it.

Grays-Thurrock, a Market Town in the County of Essex, in the Hundred of Chafford.

Greece, Graecia, Hellas, a very large Country in Europe; which being taken in its greatest extent, was bounded on the East by the Propontis, and the Aegean Sea, or Archipelago; on the South by the Mediter∣ranean Sea; on the West by the Ionian Sea, or the Gulph of Venice; and on the North by Bulgaria, Servia, and Illyricum: Mount Haemus running be∣tween Greece and these Countries, and ending at the Euxine Sea, which there begins to be a part of its Northern Border. So that it is a kind of Peninsula, surrounded on three sides by the Sea; and only united

to the rest of Europe by the fourth: now almost in∣tirely in the Hands of the Turks, who by the ruine of the Grecian Empire have possessed themselves of this vast, fruitful, populous, and once most Learned and Civil Country; and by their Tyranny, Barbarity, and ill Government, have in about two hundred years almost intirely ruined what was the Work of two thousand to effect. It is called Greece by the English, Das Griechenland by the Germans, and Romelia by the Turks: it contains Thrace, (now Romania,) Macedonia, Achaia, (now Livadia,) the Morea, (Peloponnesus) and the greatest part of the Islands in the Archipelago; Constantinople being the head of this vast Country. This People (saith Cicero) which hath flourished in Fame, Glory, Learning, Arts, Empire, and Military Exercises, possesseth but a small part of Europe: but having by their A••ms prevailed over the Asiaticks, they surrounded the Shoars of that Country, with their Cities and Colo∣nies. He might have added, they did the like by Italy, and reduced almost all that which is now the Kingdom of Naples, under their Power, (then called Magna Graecia,) and the best part of Sicily too; and running down beyond Italy, Marseilles in Pro∣vence was one of their Colonies. In Asia the Less they possessed Mysia, Phrygia, Aeolia, Ionia, Doris, Lydia, and Caria; to which Countries they gave the name of Graecia Asiatica. They possessed also most of the Islands of the Mediterranean Sea; and this be∣fore the Rise of the Macedonian Empire, which put the best part of Asia and Egypt into their Hands: nor were they ever Conquered by any Foreign Power (though Xerxes attempted it with an Army of three hundred thousand men), till the Romans subdued them. Constantine the Great fixing the Seat of the Empire amongst them at Constantinople, they regain∣ed their Sovereignty again; and kept it, when Rome and all the Western Empire fell into the Hands of the Barbarous Nations. But at last Constantinople being taken by Mahomet II. in 1453▪ they fell under the most deplorable slavery that is possible to be con∣ceived. Athens and Lacedaemon were two of their great Republicks, Rivals of each others glory. Ma∣cedonia, Epirus, Argos, and Thessalia, had the ho∣nour to be Kingdoms. Corinth▪ Thebes, Megalopo∣lis, Megara, Sicyan, Mycenae, &c. were other of their principal Cities. The Romans gloried to derive a bo∣dy of their Laws from the Governments of Greece, and to learn the Sciences from the Mouths and Wri∣tings of its Philosopers▪ Historians, and Poets. This was also the Country of those Primitive Grand Doctors of Christianity, Origen, Dionysius Areopag. Clemens Alexandr•• Eusebius, Athanasius, Nazianzen, Basil, Chrysostome, &c. from whom the modern Greek Church pretends to receive those Privileges, Customs, Traditions, Ceremonies, Doctrines and Precepts, which no interest of the Roman See has been able in any measure to alter amongst them to this day.

Greenwich, a delicate Village, upon the Thames in Kent••; famous of old times for the Murther of Ealpheg, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1012. But more for a Royal Palace, began by Hum••ry Duke of Gloucester, enlarged by Henry VII. to which his Son Henry VIII▪ added a Castle. This Palace being fallen into ruine, K. Charles 2. began the raising of it again into a noble Structure, but dyed before he had fi∣nished it: so that it is now made a Magazine for Pow∣der. There is a Royal. House, call'd Queen Eliza∣beths. Palace, and a Park about it▪ adjoyning to Green∣wich; who being born here in 1533. hath given it a Title to the utmost love and esteem of all English∣men. And hard by it is Black-Heath, where several Battels have been fought in the Reigns of Richard II. Henry VI. and Henry VII.

Grenade, the chief Town of the County of Gaure, in the Government of Guienne in France, upon the Garonne, three Leagues from Tholouse. It was of great note in the thirteenth Century, during the Wars of the Albigeois.

Grenoble, Gratianopolis, Acusio, Accusium, Cu∣laro, a City of Dauphine in France, which belonged to the Allobroges; and a Bishops See▪ under the Arch∣bishop of Vienne, and the Capital of the Dauphinate: it stands on the North side of the Isere, where it takes in the Drac, (Dr••••••), from the South; at the foot of an Hill, upon a fruitful Plain; thirteen Leagues from Vienne to the East, and sixteen from Lion to the South-East. This City has its name of Gratia∣nopolis and Grenoble from Gratianus the Emperor, who rebuilt and adorned it. An ancient Inscription here extant saith, Dioclesian and Maximilian repair∣ed two of its Gates, and gave them new names. This City is now also the Seat of the Parliament of this Province. The Bishops take the Title of Princes of Grenoble.

Gresivandan, a Valley of Dauphine, lying about the City, and sometimes therefore called by the name of the Province of Grenoble, supposed to have been the Country of the Tricorii of the Antients. It has had particular Counts of its own, who were the Lords of it in former times.

Griechisch Weissenburgh. See Belgrade.

Grignan, a Town in Provence, towards S. Paul de trois Chasteaux and Montelimar, two or three Leagues from the Rhosne: It has a Collegiate Church, founded in 1512, and a noble Castle; with the Title of an Earldom, since the year 1550: before which it was a Barony.

Grimsby Magna, a Market Town in Lincoln∣shire, in the division of Lindsey and the Hundred of Bradley, near the Fall of the Humber into the Oce∣an, in a flat and marshy ground. It has a sine large Church, and heretofore a Castle to secure its Haven, at which time it enjoyed a rich trade. But as the former is decay'd, so the other is almost choak'd up. It is honoured with the Privilege of returning two Members to the House of Commons.

East-Grinstead, or Greenstead, a Market Town in the County of Sussex, in Pevensey Rape, which has the honour of electing two Members of Parliament. The Assizes are sometimes kept at it. It is graced with a fair Church, and stands towards the Confines of Surrey.

Gripswald, Viritium, Gripiswaldia, a strong City in Pomerania in Germany, half a German Mile from the Baltick Sea, with a very convenient Haven; between Stralsundt to the North, and Wolgast to the East, over against the Isle of Rugen. Heretofore an Imperial and Free City, but afterwards exempted. In 1456. Wartislaus, the ninth Duke of Pomerania, founded here an University. After a very long Siege in 1631. it was taken by the Swedes: in 1678. it was retaken from them by the Duke of Brandenburgh in a few days; but the year following, restored to that Crown by the Treaty of S. German.

The Grisons, Canini, Rhaeti, Grisones▪ are a knot of Commonwealths, between the Alpes, the Fountains of the Rhine, and the Inn; [Oenus,] who are more properly called the Alpine Rhaetians, be∣cause they live within the Alpes: on the North and West, they border upon the Swisse and Schwaben∣land; on the East upon Tyrol; on the South upon the State of Venice, and the Dukedom of Milan. The whole Country is Mountainous, and generally barren. This People about 1471. united into one body by a League; and in 1491. they again fixed the former Union, and strengthned it by a perpetual League with the Switzers. These are divided into three parts▪

First, the Grisons properly so called, which the Ger∣mans call Oberpundt, or the Upper League. The Second is the League of the House of God, or Got∣tespundt. And the Third is the League of the Ten Villages, Zehen Gerichtenpundt. Their chief Ci∣ties are Bormio, Chiavenna, Chur, or Choire, Mey∣enfeld, Morbegno and Sondrio. The Rhine begins first to carry a Boat here.

Grodno, Grodna, a City of Poland in Lithua∣nia, in the Palatinate of Troki, partly upon an Hill, partly in a Valley; which has a Bridge over the River Niemen, upon which it stands; twenty Ger∣man Miles from Vilna to the South-West, and sixty from Margenburgh to the East. It was built by King Stephen about 1585. In 1655. the Mosco∣vites took, and wretchedly harrassed it. Stephen Ba∣torius, the Founder of it, died here in 1586. The Diets of Poland are often held in this City, and it gives the Title of a Dukedom.

Groeningen, Groeninga, one of the Cities belong∣ing to the Ʋnited Provinces; great, populous, rich, very strong, and the Capital of a Province of the same name; having been heretofore the Capital of Friesland. It stands upon the small River Hooren∣ster, where it receives the Damster; honored with a Bishops See, by Pope Paul IV. and with an University, opened here A. D. 1615. It has a strong Castle, which was in vain attacked by the Bishop of Munster in 1672. It stands three French Leagues from Dam to the West, towards Leuwaerden, from which it stands eight Miles to the East. Heretofore a Free Imperial City, but now exempted; and is one of the States united in the Dutch League. § Het Groen∣ingerlandt, the Province belonging to this City, was heretofore a part of Friesland. Its present bounds on the North, are the German Ocean, and the overflown Shallows; on the West Friesland, divided from it by the River Lavica; on the South Overyssel; and on the East East-Friesland, from which it is divided by the vast Lake called Dollert. The principal City is Groeningen. It was of old subject to the Bishop of Ʋtretcht, from whom the City revolted, and put it self under the Duke of Guelderland in 1515. It sub∣mitted also to Charles V. in 1536. and under that Family continued till 1594. when it was taken by the Forces of the Ʋnited Provinces, from the Spa∣niards. This Province enjoys the last Voice in the Assemblies of the States General.

Groen-Land, or Green-Land, Gronia, called by the French Terreverte; by the Dutch, Spitsbergen; is a considerable part of the Artick Continent, which lies more North than Island. First discovered by Ericus Rufus, an Islander, in 982. After this it was searched, and inhabited towards the Shoars by the Danes and Norwegians. In 1256. Magnus King of Norway sent a Royal Navy to reduce the Inhabitants, who had refused to pay him Tribute. But from 1379 all Navigation thither was intermitted, and the Inha∣bitants heard of no more. The more Southern parts were again discovered about the end of the last Cen∣tury, by Martin Forbisher an Englishman, George Monk a Dane, and others; yet there can very little be said of it remarkable, but its Harbours, frequent∣ed by the Europeans for Fishing. By several advances in succeeding times, the Land is discovered to deg. 78. of Latitude; whether it be an Island, or a part of the American, or any other Continent, is not known. Hofman saith, the Inhabitants live on Fish and Fowl; whereas most (I might perhaps say all) that have sailed thither, pretend to have found no o∣ther Inhabitants than Wolves, Bears, Foxes, and Deer. Its mo•••• Southern Cape is in deg. 66. of Latitude. It has perpetual day during our Summer, and Night du∣ring our Winter, and three months longer; for their Summer lasts only three months and fourteen days.

Grol, Grolle or Groenlo, Grola, is a City belong∣ing to the Ʋnited Provinces in Guelderland, in the District of Zutphen; little, but well fortified; and seated upon the River Slinke. Taken from the Dutch by the Marquess of Spinola in 1605. Again by the Dutch in 1617. By the French in 1672. and again deserted in 1674 This City is in the borders of West∣phalia, and of the Bishoprick of Munster, four Leagues from Zutphen to the East. There is a Tract writ∣ten by Grotius, entituled, Obsidio Grollae.

Groneburgh. See Tavasthus.

Grosseto, Grossetum, Rosetum, a small City in the State of Siena in Italy, upon the Sea Shoar, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Siena, and has a Castle that is very strong. It stands about three Miles from the River Ombrone to the North-West, near the Lake of Prilis, (now di Castiglione, or di Buriano,) and four from Siena South. This City sprung up out of the ruins of Rusellae, which stood about two Miles from it.

Grosso, Ticarius, a River of Corsica, on the South side of the Island.

Groswerder, an Island of Prussia, at the Mouth of the Vistula.

Grosverner, or le Grand Brenner, that part of the Alpes next Trent.

Grotkaw, Grotkavia, a small City of Bohemia in Silesia, the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name; under the Dominion of the Bishop of Breslaw; from which it is distant seven Miles to the South, and thir∣teen from Prague to the East. The Dukedom of Grotkaw, is a part of the Ʋpper Silesia in Bohemia, which has belonged to the Bishoprick of Breslaw, from the times of Priteslaus Pogarellus, Bishop of that Dio∣cese; who bought it of Bol••slaus, Duke of Lignitz, and Brieg, and annexed it for ever to this See. It lies between the Dukedom of Oppelen to the East, Monsterberg to the West, Brieg to the North, and Niessa to the South. Grotkaw, and Niessa, are the principal places in it.

La Grotta de Cani, a pestilential Cavern, near the Lake Agnano in Italy, four Leagues from Naples, towards Pozzuoli: call'd likewise the Cavern of Cha∣ron, from the mortal malignity of the Air and Vapours within it. In 1628. Kircher says, he tryed the experi∣ment of letting down a dog into it, which thereupon became as perfectly dead: but taken up, and plunged in the Lake Agnano, he revived again. (to 1. Mund. Subter.) And from this sort of quality, it comes to bear the name of de Cani.

La Grotta di Napoli, Crypta Neapolitana, a Read▪cut a-cross the foot of the Mountain Posilipo, twelve foot deep and broad, and half a League long, in the way betwixt Naples and Pozzuoli in Italy, for the convenience of a shorter Passage from the one to the other. It was the work of Lucullus, who em∣poly'd a hundred thousand men about it, and finished it in fifteen days.

Grubenhagen, a Castle and Territory in the Low∣er Saxony, in the Dukedom of Brunswick, towards the Mountains; not far from the River Leina; al∣most five Miles from Gottingen to the North, and eight from Goslar to the South-West, twenty seven from Bremen to the South-East. This is the Capi∣tal of a Dukedom, the only City in which is Eimberke, two Miles North of this Castle, which belongs to the Duke of Brunswick Hannover.

Gruninghen, a Town in the Principality of Hal∣berstad in the Lower Saxony.

Guadajox, Salsum, a River of Andalusia, which at first was called Biboras, or Viboras; but taking in the two small Rivolets, of Tovazo, and Salado, it has the name of Guadajox; and falls into the

Guadalquivir, between Sevil and Cordova.

Guadalajara, Guadalaxara, a City in New Spain, which is the Capital of New Gallicia, and is very con∣siderable; being seated upon the River Baranja, and built in 1531, by the Spaniards, under whom it is. This is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mexi∣co ever since 1570, (when the See was translated from Compostella hither.) and the Seat of the Parliament, or Courts of Justice, of this Province. It is forty Leagues distant from the South Sea, and eighty from Mexico to the West: standing in a well watered and fruitful Plain. The Province of New Gallicia, cal∣led of old Xalisco, hath the name given it sometimes of Guadalajara from this City. § Guadalajara, a Town in New Castile, the Capital of Algar, upon the River Henares, four Leagues from Henares, [Com∣plutum] to the East, and nine from Madrid: it has been called Carraca.

Guadalaviar, Durias, Turia, a River in Valen∣tia in Spain: it ariseth in Arragon, in the Confines of New Castile, near the Head of [Tagus] Tajo; and running Eastward watereth Albarazin, and Tervel; then turning South, it entereth the Kingdom of Va∣lentia; and by the Capital City of it falls into the Bay of Valentia, over against Majorca.

Guadalentin, Chrysius, Terebs, a River of Spain; which ariseth in Granada, near Guadix; and watering Baeza, Lorca, and Almacaren, falls into the Medi∣terranean Sea, seven Miles South of Carthagena, in the Kingdom of Murcia.

Guadalete, Lethes, a River of Andalusia, which watereth Zahara, Villa Martin, Bornbos, Arcos, and Xeres; and ends in the Bay of Cadiz.

Guadaloupe, or Guardeloupe, Aqua Lupiae, an Island in America, which is one of the greatest of the Antilles; and has been in the hands of the French ever since 1627. There are in it many Plantations, or Colonies, and Castles; the Island being sixty Miles in compass, very fruitful in Sugars, and well watered and peopled. It lies in Long. 315. North Lat. 19. 10. to the North-West of Barbadoes, betwixt Dominico and Marigalante. And is the third Island from the Northward of the Caribbes or Antilles.

Guadalquivir, Baetis, Tartessus, one of the great∣est Rivers in Spain; called Baetis by Mela; Tartes∣sus by Strabo. And now Guadalquivir, by an Ara∣bick Word, which signifies the great River or Water. It ariseth from Mount Carzorla, in the Forest of Se∣gura in New Castile, in the Confines of Granada and Murcia; six Leagues from Baeza to the North; and being augmented with the River Borosa, it runneth Westward through Andalusia; and a little above An∣dujar, takes in from the North Guadalimar; and be∣neath it, Frio from the South; Guadiel and Herum∣blar from the North; and passing Admuz, with the addition of Arjona and Porcuna, it entereth Cordova; then taking in Cazer, and some other small Rivers, it passeth to Palma; where it receives the Xenil [Sin∣gylis]; and so hasteth to Sevil, Hispalis; beneath which it takes in the Guadimar; and bending Southward, entereth the Ocean, five Leagues beneath Sevil. The Mouth of it is called la Maresma. Heretofore it had another Mouth, but that lying more Southward, is long since stopped up. Beneath Sevil it makes three or four small Islands, not worth any further notice.

Guadalquivireio, Saduca, a River of Granada, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea at Malaga.

Guadaxenil, more commonly called Xenil. See Guadalquivir, and Xenil.

Guadel, a Town and Port upon the Gulph of Or∣mus, in the Province of Kherman in Persia.

Guadiana, Anas, a River in Spain, which is one of the greatest; its present Name is compounded of the Arabick Word Guadi, which signifies a River; and Anas, its ancient Name. It ariseth in New Ca∣stile, out of the Fens or Marshes, called Las Lagunas de Guadiana; not above two Miles above the Town, Villa Nueva de los Infantes: being dismissed from these Marshes, and improved by the Boydera, it bu∣ries it self for a League under the Earth; and near Villaharta breaks out again, five Leagues beneath Ca∣latrava; declining Westward, (tho with great wind∣ing) and taking in Bullaque, Estena, Guadaranque; and out of Estremadura, Guadalupo, and Zuja; it watereth Merida; then Badajox, or Badajos, [Pax Augusta,] where it entereth Portugal; and declining to the South, visits Olivenca; and having parted Al∣garvia to the North, from Andalusia on the South, it entereth the Ocean at Ayamente; seventeen Spanish Miles West of Guadalquivir. This River is at present said not to bury it self in the Earth, as is reported here∣tofore, by all the Spaniards who have mentioned it. Baudrand.

Guadiaro, Chrysius, Barbesola. See Guadelentin. Others say it is Guadalajora, between Estropona to the North-East, and Castel de la Lucena to the West, just by the Eastern Mouth of the Streights of Gi∣braltar.

Guadilbarbar, Rubricacus, a River of the King∣dom of Tunis, in Africa; called Jadog, or Ladog by others: It falls into the Mediterranean Sea.

Guadix, Guadicium, Acci, a City in the Kingdom of Granada, which is a Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Sevil. Seated at the Foot of a Mountain, by the River Fardes, or Guadalentia, and the Foun∣tains of Segura; ten Leagues from Jaen to the South-East, nine from Granada to the North-East, and se∣venteen from Almeria to the North. This City was taken from the Moors in 1489, and is now in a de∣clining State, tho once a celebrated Roman Colony.

Guaira, a Province of Paraguay, in South Ame∣rica, under the Spaniards; between the South part of Brasil to the East, Parana to the South, and Paraguay Propria to the West; the chief City had heretofore the same Name, but is now ruined.

Gualata, a Kingdom of Africa in Nigritia, to∣wards the Atlantick Ocean; it has the Desarts of Zan∣haga on the North, on the East the Kingdom of Tom∣butum, and on the South that of Genchoa. The King of Tombut conquered this Country in 1526; and afterwards return'd it to its own Prince, upon Conditions of his paying Tribute to Tombut. It is but a barren place, affording little Provision, no Bar∣ley, Rice, or Hirse, and plenty only of Dates. The principal City is of the same name: Whither the Bar∣bary Merchants used formerly to traffick for Brass, Silver and Gold: but now the Commerce has passed thence to Gaoga and Tombut. The other chief City in it is Hoden.

Gualentzamore, the Caspian Sea.

Gualgas, Ganges.

Gualida or Beni-Gualida, a rich and fruitful Mountain in the Province of Errif, in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa; inhabited by sixty good Villages, out of which they can draw six thousand effective men, who with the great difficulty of the Avenues are a considerable defence against a Conquest. They pay a small Tribute for the liberty of going to Fez; but otherwise are exempted from Taxes; and by a Privi∣lege confirm'd to them by the Kings of Fez, at eve∣ry new Succession, their Country is an inviolable Asy∣lum for Criminals that retire to it.

Guamanga, otherwise called S. Juan de la Vitto∣ria, a City in Peru, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lima, and the Capital of a Province; in a good Air, a fruitful Soil, (full of Mines of divers Metals) the Seat of a Governour, adorn'd with ma∣ny Convents and Churches well built, sixty Leagues

from Lima. The Spaniards reckon about thirty thousand persons in the Province, that pay Taxes.

Guanahani, or St. Salvador, an Island of North America; one of the Lucayes, between Florida and Hispaniola; which has a safe and a large Haven; and was the first spot of American Ground which Colum∣bus discovered on Thursday, October 11. 1492. By him called S. Salvador, because his finding it that day saved his Life; the Spaniards having otherwise resol∣ved to have slain him. In the midst of it there is a Lake, five Leagues in circuit. The Soil is good Pa∣sturage; and it was heretofore well peopled with the Natives, before the Spaniards murdered a great part of them, and carried away the rest to the Terra firma to work in the Mines of Gold.

Guancabelica, otherwise known by the Name of El Assiento de Oropesa, are the famous Quick-Sil∣ver Mines in Peru; near the City Oropesa, and nine or ten Leagues from S. Juan de la Vittoria. Out of which they yearly extract about a Million of Pounds in weight of the Metal; and the Sum of forty thousand Ducats thence accrues, besides other Emoluments, to the Treasures of the King of Spain. The Spaniards first discovered them in 1566.

Guanser, Zalacus, a Mountain of Mauritania Cae∣sarienfis, now the Kingdom of Algier in Barbary.

Guarda, Guardia, a City of Portugal, in the Pro∣vince of Beira, which is a Bishop's See under the Arch∣bishop of Lisbon; between Cauria, Coria, and Li∣mago, fourteen Miles from either, eleven from Viseu. The See was translated hither from the Igadita of the Ancients, which had been a Suffragan to the Arch∣bishop of Braga.

Guarda••u, and Guardafuni, Aromata, a City and Promontory in Aethopia, at the Entrance of the Red-Sea; where the most Eastern Part of the Kingdom of Adel now is; over against Arabia Foelix, and the Isle of Zocotora. This is the most Eastern Cape of all the Continent of Africa.

Guardia, Siga, a Town in the Kingdom of Algier.

Guardia, Sela, a River on the West of the Morea, now Sellei, over against Zant.

Guardia Alferes or Aifenes, Guardia Alferia, an Episcopal City in the County of Molise, in the Kingdom of Naples. The See is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Benevento.

Guardiano, Lotoa, Letoia, an Island in the Ionian Sea, on the South of Candia or Crete.

Guargala, a Kingdom in Biledulgerida, between Gademessa to the East, and Tegortina to the West, towards the Mountains of Zahara.

Guascogna. See Gascoigne.

Guastalla, Guardastallum, Vastalla, Guastalla, a Town upon the Po in Lombardy, in the States of the Duke of Mantoua; at which Pope Paschal II. cele∣brated a Council in 1106. It has the Honor to give the Title of a Duke.

Guatimala, a large Government and Province in New Spain. The principal City of which (being of the same Name, S. Jago de Guatimala,) is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Mexico. The feat of the Parliament; and in 1628. by Philip IV. made an U∣niversity. This City was built in 1524. in a Valley; near the River Matataia, not far from a burning Mountain, from whence there issued such a Deluge of Fire, Water, and Stones in 1541. as overturned a great part of the Houses in it; thirteen Spanish Leagues from the South Sea, three hundred from Mexico to the South-East. The Government of Guatimala reaches from the Province of Chiapa, as far as to the Streights of Panama; including in that extent the Provinces of Vera-Paz, Soconusco, Guatimala pro∣perly so called (of which S. Jago aforesaid is the Ca∣pital), Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa ricca, and Vera∣gua. In the Indian Language it is Quatuemallac. There is plenty of Corn, Cotton, Maze, and good Pastourage; of Hills, Forrests, and Rivers; but the Air not com∣mended for Healthfulness; and they make Salt with great Difficulty.

Guattaro, Battarus, a River in the Isle of Corsica.

Guaxaca, a Province in New Spain, in the North America, the Capital whereof is Antequera. It lies betwixt the two North and South Seas, with the Pro∣vinces of Tlascala to the West, and Chiapa to the East; enjoying a healthy Climate, and yielding plenty of Corn, Maze, Cacao, Cochineal, Silk, Fruits, with Mines of Gold, &c. There are about three hundred and fifty Borough Town, and as many Villages, an hundred and sixty Convents, and divers Ecclesiastical Colleges established in it. Ferdinand Cortez made the Conquest of it; to whom the Valley of Guaxaca gave the Title of Marquiss del Valle.

Guayaquil, a Sea-Port Town in the North of Peru, upon the Pacifick Ocean, or South Sea; which has a large Haven, and lies over against the Isle of Puna; the River that washeth it is called by the same Name.

Gubel-Haman, a Sultany or petty Kingdom in A∣rabia Foelix, towards the Arabian Sea, near Fartach; with a City of the same Name.

Guben, a strong Town, well fortified, in the Lower Lusatia in Germany, upon the River Neisse. It is one of the principal Places in the Province of Lusatia.

Guber, a Kingdom in Nigritia, in Africa, be∣tween Guiana to the South, the River Niger to the North, and the Lake of Guardia to the East; with a City, its Capital, of the same Name. It is a well peopled Country, and the Kings of it are absolute.

Gubio, or Gubbio, Eugubium, a small City in the State of the Church, in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ʋrbi∣no, but exempt from his Jurisdiction. It stands at the Foot of the Apennine, near the Fountains of the River Chias••us, in the Confines of the Marquisate of Anconitana; twenty six Miles from Ʋrbino to the South, and sixty from Ancona to the West; called Eugubio in the later Maps.

Gucheu, a great City and Territory in the Province of Quangsi in China, extending their Jurisdiction over nine other Cities. It is one of the Keys of the Pro∣vince, and being seated at the Confluence of divers Ri∣vers with the Takiang, has made it self a famous Place for Commerce. Out of the Mountains in this Terri∣tory they draw Vermiglion.

Gueguere. See Meroi••.

Gueiheoi, one of the principal Cities of the Pro∣vince of Honan, in the North-East of the Kingdom of China.

Guelderland. See Gelderlandt.

Guenga, a River in India, within Ganges, which ariseth in the Kingdom of Decam, towards Mount Gata; and flowing through the Kingdom of Orixia, disburthens it self into the Bay of Bengala. It is cal∣led by the Portuguese, Ganga.

Guerande, a City of Brétagne in France, in the Coun∣ty of Nantes, towards the Shoars of the Bay of Aqui∣tain, between the Mouth of the Loyre and Ʋdaine; where are great Works▪ for the making Salt. It stands fourteen Miles from Nantes to the West; and was once called Aula Quiriaca.

Guerba, a River of Spain.

Gueret, Gueretum, a City of France, in la Marche the Ʋpper (whereof it is the Capital), upon the River Cruse; twelve Leagues from Limoges to the East, and twenty two from Bourbon to the West; others write it Garactum.

Gueser, Seleucia, the same with Bagdat.

Guetaria Menosea, a Town in Guipuscoa.

Gueta Opta, a City in New Castile, seated in a Plain, twenty Miles from Toledo.

Guharan. See Oran, which is the same.

Guiana. Guiania, a large Country in South Ame∣rica, sometimes written Guaiana; it is bounded on the East and North by the Atlantick Ocean, or the North Sea; on the West by the Terra Firma, on the South by Brasil and the Lake of Parimao. This Country has, for thirty Years last past, been inhabited by the English, Dutch, and French. The two Na∣tions of the Indians, called Caribes and Galibes, (be∣sides others) possess nevertheless the far greatest part of it; who used to War formerly with Arms all made of Gold, of which this Country afforded such abun∣dance, that the Spaniards at the first gave it the name of El Dorado.

Guie. Guetta, Gutta, a River in Burgundy.

Guienne Aquitania, (in Pliny Aremorica.) a Pro∣vince, and Dukedom in France; bounded on the North with Xaintoigne, from which it is parted by the River Dordonne; on the South with Gascoigne; on the East with Perigort, and on the West with the A∣quitanick Ocean, from the Pyrenean. Hills to the Ri∣ver of Bourdeaux. This Country is fruitful in Corn and Wine; the first of which is usually transported into Spain, and the latter into the Northern Countries. The People are of a different both Stature and Hu∣mour from the rest of France; which is not much to be wondered at, considering the English Nation for three hundred years together, were possess'd of this Coun∣try See Gascoigne The principal Rivers of it are the Garonne and the Dordonne, which meet at Re∣traicte, and in one Channel fall into the Ocean. The chief Cities are Bourdeaux, Baionne, and Dax or D'Acqs. Guienne is thought to be but a Corruption of Aquitania, which was the Roman Name for it, (then) enlarged to a sar greater Extent.

Guilan, or Guilao, the Hyrcanian Sea.

Guilford. the Capital Town of the County of Sur∣rey, in the Hundred of Woking, which returns two Members to the House of Commons. It is pleasantly si∣tuated upon the River Wey, containing three Parishes; well frequented, accommodated, and handsom. The Saxon Kings had a Royal Mansion here in whose time it was a Place of greater Extent. The Ruins of a large old Castle, near the River, remain yet to be seen. In the year 1660. King Charles II created Eli∣zabeth Viscountess of Kinelmalky in Ireland, Coun∣tess of this Place for her Life. In 1674. the Title of Earl of Guilford, was granted by the same King, to John Maitland, the late Duke of Lautherdale in Scotland. After whom, the late Lord Francis North received the Title of Baron Guilford, from the same King also.

S. Guillain, Gislenopolis, a Town in Hainault, which has a Monastery belonging to it: Taken by the French in 1654. and retaken by the Spaniards in 1656.

Guimaranes, Catraleucos, Vimananum, Egita, Araduca, once a City, and frequently mentioned as such; now a small Village in Entre Douero è Minho in Portugal; three Leagues from Braga towards the East. This was the Place where S. Da∣masus, one of the ancient Popes, was born.

Guinee, Guinea, a very great Country on the We∣stern Shoars of Africa, which by the Portuguese (the first Discoverers of it) is divided into two Parts, the Upper and the Lower. The Upper Guinee is boun∣ded with Nigritia on the North, the Atlantick O∣cean on the South, and has the Kingdom of Congo on the East, and the Mountains of Leon on the West. It is a very fruitful Country, in Gold, Ivory, Sugar, Cotton, Rice, &c. of a great Extent from East to West, and much frequented by the European Ships. It is divided into three Parts; Guinee, properly so called, which lies in the middle; Mal••gueta, which lies to the West; and the Kingdom of Beni, which lies to the East. § Guinee, properly so called, is a very large Country in Africa, upon the Shoars of the Ocean; between Malegueta to the West (from which it is separated by the Cape of Palmes) and the Kingdom of Beni to the East, from which it is divi∣ded by the River de la Volta. It is divided into la Co∣ste d'or, (which lies East between the Rivers Asien and la Volta.) and la Coste des Dents, which lies West between the Cape of Palmes and the River Asien, by which it is parted from the former. On the Coste d'or are many Castles belonging to the English, Swedes, Danes, and Hollanders. This Country was discove∣red in 1365. by the French, as is pretended. Bau∣drand. But in the dismal Wars between the English and French, under Charles VI, and VII▪ they were forc'd to omit the Prosecution of this Navigation Hof∣man. It is much more probable, and better attested, that it was discovered in 1452 by Henry Duke of Vis∣co▪ Son of John I. King of Portugal. But then the Spaniards, in 1477. pursued this Discovery, and till 1479 excluded the first Discoverers, who regai∣ning the Trade in the Island of S. George, built he the strong Fort or Town of Mina, in 1486. to se∣cure their Trade there for the future, and command all the rest of this Coast: Which was the first Place built by the Europeans on this Coast.

New-Guinee, this Country has not been hitherto so far discovered, as that we know whether it be an Island or a Part of the Continent of the Terra Austra∣lis. It is separated from Terra de Papaous, (which lies East of Ceram and Gilolo in the East-Indies, in 51 deg. of Southern Lat.) by a narrow Straight of the Sea.

Guinegat, a small Town in Artois, made famous by a great Defeat of the French Forces, by the Flan∣drians, in 1479. by which Victory Maximilian the Emperor (then married to Mary the Daughter of Charles the Hardy, the last Duke of Burgundy) reco∣vered Tournay out of the Hands of the French, and settled the Low-Countries in the House of Austria. It lies three French Miles from S Omar to the South, the same from Renty to the East, and two from Ayre to the West.

Guines, a fine Town, two Miles East of Calais, and the Capital of a County of the same Name; ha∣ving Boulonois on the South and East, Terre d'Oye on the North, and the German Sea or Streights of Calais on the East. This County was of old a Part of Boulonois, and the Town belonged then to Pi∣cardy. King Edward III. of England possessed himself of both in 1351. to whom afterwards they were confirmed by a Treaty in 1360. And in the Reign of Charles VI. of France, lost again to that Crown.

Guipuscoa, Ipuscoa, now a Province, but once a Kingdom in Spain. In the middle Times annexed to the Kingdom of Navar, but now separated from it, and united to Biscay: By which it is bounded on the West, on the South it has A••ava, on the North the Bay of Biscay, and the Kingdom of Navar on the East. The principal Cities in it are Tolosa, which is the Capital, S. Sebastian, and Fontarabie. It is about thirty six Miles in Compass; anciently peopled by the Cantabri, a hardy and a valiant People. This Coun∣try was wrested from the Crown of Navar in 1079. by Alphonsus I King of Castile, but it was restored again, and continued under that Crown till 1200. when it revolted to Castile again, and ever since it has been united to Biscay.

Guir, Dirus a River of Mauritania.

Guise, Guisa, Guisia, a Town in Picardy in France, in the Territory of Tierache, which has a Castle sea∣ted upon the River Oise, in the Confines of Hainault; nine Miles from Cambray to the South, five from la Fere to the North-East, and about seventeen from Amiens to the East. This Town was besieged by the Spaniards, without any Success, in 1650. But that which made it most remarkable, was the Dukes of Guise, who in former times had a very great Hand in all the Affairs of France, from the Reign of Fran∣cis I. to that of Henry IV. This Family was a Branch of the House of Lorrain; advanced by Francis I. in 1528. from Counts or Earls of Guise (which was their Inheritance) to Dukes of the same Place. The first thus raised was Claude, the Son of Renate II. He had eight Sons, of which were Francis Duke of Guise, Claudius Duke of Aumale, and Renatus Marquess of Ellebove. Francis became very famous by his defence of Mets, against Charles V. and his surprizing Calais from the English. He was assassinated in 1553. being the Father of Henry Duke of Guise, and Charles Duke of Mayne, &c. Henry making himself Head of the Holy League against Henry III. of France, was slain in the States of Blois by the Order of that Prince in 1588. and his Elegy is written by the Eloquent M. de Balsac. Charles, the other Brother, took up Arms against Henry III. and continued them against Henry IV. till at last in 1594. he was forced to sub∣mit to that Victorious Prince. Charles the Son of Henry, succeeded his Father in the Dukedom, and was the Father of Henry II. who has been famous of la∣ter Times, being chosen King of Naples, though the Spaniards shortly outed him.

Gulick, Juliacum, a City of Germany, mention'd as such by Tacitus and Ammianus, called now by the French Juliers, by the Germans Gulick, by the Ita∣lians Giuliers. It is the Capital of the Dutchy of Ju∣liers; seated upon the River Roer or Roure, which falls into the Maes at Roermande; and has a strong square Castle; often taken and retaken of latter times, till in 1660. it was put by the Spaniards into the Hands of the Duke of Newburg. It lies sixteen Miles from Cologn to the West, seven from Maestricht, and four from Aquisgrane to the North-East. See Juliers.

Guns, Sabaria, a River of the Lower Hungary, which riseth in Austria, and falls into the River Rab: The Hungarians call it Benges.

Guntz, Guntia, a River in Schwaben, which gives Name to Guntzburg, in the Marquisate of Burgow; fourteen Miles from Kempten to the North, and thirty nine from Auspurg. This River falls into the Danube three Miles below Ʋlm.

Guplo, a small Lake in the Palatinate of Brest in Poland.

Gurck, Gurcum, a City in Carinthia, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Saltzburg: It stands upon a River of the same Name, which a little lower falls into the Oleze; six Miles from Villach to the North, and about five from Clagenfurt; a little East of which the River Gurk falls into the Danube. This Bishoprick was instituted by one of the Archbi∣shops of Saltzburg, in 1073. who reserved to himself and his Successors the Election and Investiture of the Bishops of this See, taking the Oath of Fealty from them: But now by Agreement with Ferdinand I. the Emperor chuseth twice together, then the Bishop of Saltzburg the third time, and so by turns, as often as this See becomes vacant; though this Bishop is no Member of the Empire, nor has any Vote in the Diet, as all those which were Founded by the Emperors of Germany have.

Gdreigura, or Guregra, an inhabited Mountain towards the Atlas, in the Kindom of Fez in Africa; thirteen Leagues from the City Fez; affording Corn and Cattle in plenty. There are divers large Villages upon it, which stand in no need of Walls or Castles to defend them; the Difficulty of the Avenues is a suf∣ficient Security.

Gurgian, the Caspian Sea.

Gurgistan. See Georgia.

Gustrow, Gustrovium, a small City in the Duke∣dom of Mecklenburg, which is the Seat of a Duke, who has here a very splendid Castle: It stands seven German Miles from Wismar to the East, four from Rostock to the South, three from Dobbertin to the North, and about seven from the Shoars of the Baltick Sea to the South. The Duke of Gustrow has under him Rostock, and the greatest part of the Territory of Walden also; but Gustrow is his principal City.

Gutkow or Gutzkow, Gutkovia, is a Town of the Hither Pomerania, upon the River Pene, which a little lower falls into the Gross Haff, and the Baltick Sea. It stands 14 Miles from Gustrow to the East, 3 from Gripswald to the South, and 4 from Wolyast to the South-West. This is the Capital of a Marqui∣sate, which takes its Name from this Town; and lies between the Dukedom of Stetin to the East and the Dominion of Bardt to the West, and the Baltick Sea to the North: To it belongs Gripswald and Gutkow: they are all of them, together with Stetin, under the King of Sweden, who by a Treaty in 1676. regained them from the Duke of Brandenburg, who had seized them in a War a little before.

Guy-Clift, a very delightful Cliff, amongst Groves and little Streams, near Warwick; so called from the Famous Guy Earl of Warwick, who retired hither from his Valiant Actions to a Life of Solitude, and built a Chappel in which he was buried.

Guydil, the Scotch and Irish.

Guzerate, Gedrosia, Guzarata, a Kingdom in the East-Indies, in the Cape of Malabar, to the East of the Kingdom of Decan; which had heretofore Kings of its own, but is now under the Great Mogul; whose Vice∣roy lives in extraordinary State at Amadabat: often also called the Kingdom of Cambaia, from Cambaia its capital City, under which word there is a further Ac∣count of it: I shall here add, that Sultan Mamoet Prince of this Country, dying about 1545. left the Tuition of his Son to one of his great Men; who being envied and hated by his Country-men, and his Prince (though of Age then) not being able to protect him, he in 1565. called in Ecbar, the great Mogul, who took Possession of this Kingdom, and ruined the King and his Tutor together with the discontented Party. It is the pleasantest Province in all Indostan, ever green: Its Sea-Ports are Surat, and Cambaya, which last is the best in the Indies.

Gwir, Waga, a River in Wales, which falleth into the Severn at Chepstow, after it hath passed by Monmouth.

Gwidh, Vectis, the Isle of Wight.

Gwineth, Venedocia, North-Wales.

Gyfhorn, Gyfhornia, a Town of Germany, in the Lower Saxony, in the Dukedom of Lunenburg, un∣der the Duke of Zell; three Miles from Brunswick to the North, and five from Zell to the East; upon the River Aller.

Gyll, Ansoba, a River of Ireland which falls into the Bay of Gallway in Conaught.

Gyngisch, Genadium, Cenadium, a City of the Ʋpper Hungary, called Chanad by the Hungarians, and Gyngisch by the Germans: It is the Head of a County of the same Name; and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocza: Upon the River Merisch, which passing from the Carpathian Hills quite through Transylvania, and by Lippa, a little lower than this City falls into the Teysse, over against Segedin; from

which this City stands about three Miles to the East: it was in the hands of the Turks till 1676. but is now in the Possession of the Emperour.

Gymnosophistae, the ancient Philosophers of India, whose Memory is preserved in History with great ho∣nour: they first taught us the placing of true felicity in Speculation, Sense and Vertue, accompanied with a solid Contempt of Fortune's favours. The Greeks received several Doctrines from them; and particu∣larly the Metampsychosis, to which the Indians to this day, as formerly, are strictly addicted. Of these Philosophers, the Brachmanes made one principal Sect. And some applied themselves to give Counsel to Princes and Magistrates, some to contemplate the Works of Nature in solitary places.