A view of the threats and punishments recorded in the Scriptures, alphabetically composed with some briefe observations upon severall texts / by Zachary Bogan ...

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A view of the threats and punishments recorded in the Scriptures, alphabetically composed with some briefe observations upon severall texts / by Zachary Bogan ...
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Bogan, Zachary, 1625-1659.
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Oxford :: Printed by H. Hall for R. Davis,
1653.
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Subject terms
Sin -- Early works to 1800.
Punishment.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A28553.0001.001
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"A view of the threats and punishments recorded in the Scriptures, alphabetically composed with some briefe observations upon severall texts / by Zachary Bogan ..." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A28553.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 17, 2024.

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Hypocrisie.

Hypocrisie is* 1.1 in generall threatned with Woe,

In the Old Testament thus, Woe unto them for they have fled from me; destruction unto them, because they have transgressed against

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me: though I have redeemed them, yet they have spoken lyes against me. And they have not cri∣ed unto me with their* 1.2 hearts when they how∣led upon their beds, Hos: 7. 13. 14. They have spoken lyes against me,] or to me: for the Hebrew preposition 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 will beare it, being many times thus used, but so, as that with∣all, it signifie against. Now, I conceive the Prophet, as in other places of this chapter, so likewise in those wordes now mentioned, to have especially reproved the Israelites, of Hypocrisy; which may very well be thus des∣cribed, by speaking lyes, or lying to God; and (I believe) is usually so described in the Scriptures; as likewise by flattering: as you may see Ps: 78. 36, see Rev: 2. 2, ch. 3. 9. The reason is, because Hypocrites speak to God, or promise him, one thing; and not only doe afterward, but meane another all the while. They draw neere unto him, with their mouth, and honour him with their lips, but re∣move their heart farre from him: this is God's complaint concerning the Jewes by Isaiah chap: 29. 1, and therefore you may see in the next chapter v. 9, he cals them Ly∣ing Children. In like manner Hypocrisy to∣wards men, is thus expressed by lying, as Ps: 62. 4. They delight in Lies, For I suppose David in that place complaines, not so much of his enemies telling Saul, what he

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never did; as of their telling him, what they never meant: and the words immediatly fol∣lowing are a good ground for my suppositi∣on, viz. They blesse with their mouth, but they curse inwardly. Now the proper worke of Lying, is to deceive; and therefore Idols, which deceive those that trust in them, are called Lyes Isa 44.* 1.3 20, and (as I think) Ly∣ing vanities Ps: 31. 6. Jon: 2. 8. And so like∣wise, any child of man in whom we put con∣fidence Ps: 62. 9. The Hypocrite towards God also, does what he can, to deceive him: and therefore in the sixteenth verse of this chapter of Hosea, the Ephraimites are com∣pared to a deceitfull Bow: and so they are by David, Ps: 78. 57. and the reason is, be∣cause they bind them selves to God by Co∣venants, and promises, to do much for him; but their Spirits are not stedfast with God,* 1.4 and when they come to use, & triall, they deale* 1.5 unfaithfully, like those Ephraimites; turning back in the day of battell.

In the New-Testament, thus: Woe unto you Scribes and Pharisees Hypocrites, for ye are like unto whiteda 1.6 Sepulchersb 1.7, which indeed appeare beautifull outward, but within are full

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of dead men's bones, and of all uncleannesse, Mat. 23. 27. You have Woe pronounced to the Scribes and Pharisees, no lesse then eight times, in this one chapter▪ and every time save one, they are called by the name of Hy∣pocrites; as if their Hypocrisie were the sinne that most of all offended God, and deser∣ved such a threat. And indeed (in our Sa∣viour's time especially) the Hypocrisie of the Scribes and Pharisees was growne to a ve∣ry great height: so that there was little else, but a white out-side of religion (consi∣sting in wearing broad Phylacteries, washing of hands, and cups, superstitious fasting, and separating from the rest of the people, and such like shels) to be found amongst them. Insomuch that there is not any sinne so of∣ten repeated, as Hypocrisie: or any name named so often, and with so much indignati∣on, as the name of Hypocrites, in any one of the Evangelists.

The Particular evills, wherewith the Hypo∣crite may be Threatned out of the Scripure, or is therein said to be punished, are

First, Fearfulnesse. The sinners in Sion are afraid, fearfulnesse hath surprised the Hy∣pocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? &c. Isa. 33. 14. The hypocri∣ticall Jewes, out of feare of the Assyrian,

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would have left their religion, and revolted to him. There is nothing whereby a hypocrite is better discovered, then by fearfulnesse and distrust in times of danger. for, a man that is conscious to himselfe, and remembers, that he hath beene false to God, cannot with any confidence hope that God will stand by him: whereas he, that hath a good Conscience, hath alwayes a Good courage.

2 Want of comfort, when he thinkes of God; as likewise want of Boldnesse to goe to God in Prayer upon all occasions, (both which, a sincere Christian hath?) Will he de∣light himselfe in the Almighty, will he al∣wayes call upon God? Job 27. 10. Will he de∣light himselfe in the Almighty.] The Sept. say, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, hath he any Boldnesse before him? for so we translate 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Eph. 3. 12. &c. but more pro∣perly Confidence* 1.8, Heb. 10. 35. They use this word in severall places (somtimes joyning it with 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Prov. 1. 20.) in the same sense, as it is used in the Epistles, viz. either for a boldnesse, and freedome OF speaking a man's mind at all times: (so in Ephes. 3. 12. it seemes to be interpreted by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, accesse with confidence:) or, for a boldnesse, and freedome IN speaking, to speake what one will, as to ones friend whom he loves, and with whom he may be

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bold; such as Paul sayes he had towards the Corinthians 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, I have much Boldnesse of speech to you-ward, 2 Cor: 7. 4. Now such Boldnes, (of either sort,) a Hypocrite can never have. For if a Hypocrite towards his Brother, although he know, he knowes not of the malice which he con∣ceales in his heart, yet out of conscience thereof, be not able to looke directly in his face; how much lesse shall a Hypocrite to∣wards God, be able to seeke his face, & look up to him with boldnes, when he knowes him to be a trier of hearts, & a searcher of reins?

3 God's not hearing his prayer, when he doth pray; and when he standes in need. Will God heare his prayer when trouble com∣eth upon him? Job: 27. 9.

4 Gods not cōmunicating of his Spirit to him. when Simon Magus would have given Peter money, for the power of Conferring the Holy Ghost, he told him; Thou hast neither part, nor lot in this matter, for thy heart is not right in the sight of God Acts 8. 21. For as A Hypo∣crite serves God, only with outward actions: so God will serve him, only with outward bles∣sings. Thy heart is not right] 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. David (Ps: 78. 37. speaking of the Hypocrisy of the Israelites) sayth, Their heart was not RIGHT with him: the Hebrew is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 that is fastened, or standing upright, without leaning on any side; as a thing that is deeply fastened in the

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ground: or, as a man that halts not on either legge: (for such is the expression, 1 King 18. 21.) or as the Sun at noone, Prov: 8. 18, where that which we render perfect day, is in the Hebrew, Nechon haiiom, upright day, i.e. not inclining, or at an equall distance from the morning, and evening. neither of all which expressions will suit with a Hypo∣crite. The truly godly are called Josherim leb upright in heart, Ps: 7. 10. where they are, they are every whit of them; whereas the Hypocrite stands in one place, and leanes towards another, seldome asking the way to Sion with his face thitherward, Jer: 50. 5.

5 God's not accepting of any of their servi∣ces. This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth and honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is farre from me: But in vaine doe they worship me &c. Mat. 15. 8, 9, they are words cited by our Saviour out of the Pro∣phet Esay c. 29. 13. A little of this leaven will sowre a whole lump of good duties, if a man did performe never so many, and if they were made of never so fine flower, in the account of men. In the Evangelist there is mention made of a leaven in Doctrine: such as the Leaven of Heroda 1.9 Mark 8. 15; and the Leaven of the Sadducesb 1.10 Mat: 16. 6, & there was likewise such a Leaven of the Phariseesc 1.11, vers. 12; each of which, our Saviour bade

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his Disciples to beware of. But there is men∣tion also made, of a Leaven in practise, or the Leaven of the Pharisees which is hypo∣crisie, and of this leaven he bids them be∣ware in the first place, Luk. 12. 1. He began to say to his Disciples, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, In the first place beware of the leaven of the Phari∣sees, which is hypocrisie: for so we should translate according to Beza, placing the point at Disciples. Be sure therefore tho∣rowly to purge* 1.12 out this leaven of hypocri∣sie (or those sinnes, which through hypocrisie thou dost conceale:) for, if there be never so little left in any corner of thy heart, if it be with allowance and approbation; it is enough to marre a whole seven dayes feast, of a long and specious series, of godly perfor∣mances. Be as carefull to purge it out of thy heart, as the Jewes were to purge their leaven out of their houses before they kept the feast of unleavened bread: for they went about it two or three dayes before the feast began, and searched every little hole with a candle, and when they had done all, fearing there might be any yet left, they pronoun∣ced a solemne curse against All Leaven in generall. Where hypocrisie is not, never so little, will be counted much: and where it is, never so much will be nothing regarded. Nay, I may boldly threaten the Hypocrites

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6 With God's abhorring both those perfor∣mances, a 1.13 and their persons too. our Saviour told the Pharisees, Yee are they whichb 1.14 justifie your selves before men, but God knoweth your hearts: for that which is highly esteemed a∣mongst men, is abomination in the sight of God, Luk. 18. 15.

7 Frustrating of their Hope. The Hypocrites hope shall perish. Whose hope shall be cut off, and whose trust shall be as a spiders web, Job 8. 13, 14. the reason is, because neither they, nor their hopes were ever rooted in a sincere love Ephes. 3. 17. or built upon Christ by an un∣fained faith, Coloss: 1. 23. 1 Tim. 1. 5. for such a hope, is like a rush without myre: now (as Job said in the forementioned ch. v. 11.) Can the flag grow without water? See c, 27. 8.

8 Discovery of their wickednesse, which by their Hypocrisie they have concealed. For there is nothing covered, that shall not be re∣vealed, neither hid that shall not be knowne, Luk: 12. 2. our Saviour told his Disciples this, after he had bid them Beware of Hy∣pocrisie; though elsewhere this saying be ap∣plyed to another sense, as Mark: 4. 22; and in this same Evangelist c. 8. 17. The two following punishments which I shall mention, are fruits of this viz.

9 Shortnesse of their Joy. The triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the Hypo∣crite, but for a moment. Job 20. 5. The wic∣ked

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and the Hypocrite,] As in this, so in o∣ther chapters, Job no sooner names Wicked, but presently he falls upon the Hypocrite, as if there were no wicked man like him, ch: 27. 7, 8. ch. 8. 13. the Hypocrite is with him; as the froward man, and the foole, were with Solomon, viz. all one with a wicked man. The Septuagint almost alwayes trans∣late the word, Haneph, which we translate Hypocrite, either by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, ungodly, as c. 8. 13. c. 27. 8. Isa. 33. 14. or by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, trans∣gressour, as in this place it is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Mark, speaking of the Pharisees, who dissembled with our Saviour, saying, Master we know thou art true, &c. saith, But he knowing their hypocrisie, c: 12. 15. But Matthew saith, Jesus perceiving their wickednesse, &c. c. 22. 18. An Hypocrite may be honest, but he cannot be religious. The Chaldee Para∣phrast upon Job, alwayes expresses the word by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (a Latine word in Chaldee letters, used also by other Chaldee writers) which signifies (as it is pronounced) delator a promo∣ter, or false accuser; one, that Hypocrite like, takes upon him the person of a lover of ju∣stice, out of love to bribes, to wrong an in∣nocent person▪ and for this translation there is some ground in the 15 chapter, vers. 34. because mention is made of bribery in the same verse: & the Sept. seem to accord with

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him herin, translating 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (the word which we translate congregation) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, witnesse. R: David* 1.15 comes somewhat neere him; but that he would have the word to be meant, rather of a wrongfull Judge, then a wrong∣full Accuser; for he paraphrases it, a Re∣specter of Persons. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, (saies he) est im∣probus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. hypocrita: that is, Haneph (the word which we render Hypo∣crite) is a wicked man, and Respecter of Per∣sons, that is, a Hypocrite for so, in Mat. c. 6. 2, the Syriak Interpreter renders that, which we render Hypocrites, Accepters (or Respe∣cters) of Persons. Now all Hypocrites are re∣specters of persons, because they have an eye only to men, in what they doe, (viz. how they may please them, and get repute of them:) but Accepters of Persons, I know not how to call them, (unlesse you meane by Accepters, Takers;) because they doe not so much accipere personas, accept the persons of any men; as capere personas, take upon them the persons, (or vi∣zards) of good men, after the manner of Stage Plaiers* 1.16, and therefore I wonder the lesse at what is said, viz. The joy of a Hypo∣crite is but for a moment Job 20. 5. It is like the pleasure that a Stage Plaier takes, who beares the person of a King; for when the vizard is off, & iniquity found to be hatefull,

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Ps: 36. 2, all the vaine joy, that either of these can take, will bee presently at an end. For a moment* 1.17] Aquila, and Theodotion trans∣late 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: as who would say, their joy makes a great flame, but 'tis only a flash, and away; like the flame of a squib, or the crackling of thornes Ecles: 7. 6. The Septua∣gint translate it, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 to destruction: for that commonly is the end of his joy, by reason of security, and presumption.

10 Shame. And therfore David praied, Let my heart be sound in thy Statutes, that I be not ashamed Ps: 119. 80. Sound,] or entire: in Hebrew Tamim, in the Chald. Par. unspot∣ted, or rather (as we also render the word Ps: 119. 1.) undefiled, or not contaminated: for this construction is directly opposite to the signification of Haneph; which signifies not only Hypocrite, but defiled, or contaminated, that is, defiled with a mixture of a cōtrary; cor∣rupted. Now as a mans heart may be sound, that is entire, & not wanting any of it's own, parts; so it may be pure, that is sincere, (or without the mixture of a contrary,) and yet have many faults or spots. for to be sound, that is, without distemper; or pure, that is, not having any blemish; this we must not expect. And I believe, it was no other soundnesse (or purity) which Paul meant, when he praied for the Thessalonians, that they might be

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preserved 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 blamlesse 1 Epist: 5. 23: or Luke, when he commended Zachariah, and Elizabeth, that they walked in the comman∣dements of God 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, blamelesse, Luk 1. 6. A weake body may have all it's members; and bad dough may be notwithstanding pure dough, that is, without leaven,* 1.18 and mixture. A man may so give his heart to God, as not to purpose to keepe back any part from him; and a man may so love God, as not to pur∣pose to mixe the Love of the world with it. And this I conceive Paul to meane by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, (sanctify you wholly,) and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, your whole spirit, and soule and body be preserved blamelesse &c. 1 Thes. 5. 23, but I shall have occasion, to speak more to this, anon.

11 Opposition from those that are sin∣cere. The innocent shall stirre up himselfe against the Hypocrite Job: 17. 8. The Hypo∣crite, (whether to God, or man,) is hated of all sorts of men, good and bad.

12 Subjection to them. Thus, God tells the Church of Philadelphia. Behold I will make them of the Synagogue of Satan, which say they are Jewes and are not, but doe lie; behold I will make them to come and worship before thy feet, and to know that I have loved thee Rev: 3. 9.

13. Desolation. Their heart is divided,

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they shall be made desolate, (for so the word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 also signifies) Hos: 10. 2. Their heart is divided (halak Libbam) For, though the Chald. Paraphrast expound it, is divided from the Law; and the Septuagint translate, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, he (that is God) hath divided their heartes; and others agreeing with them interpret it, of the division, (or revolt,) from Shalmaneser King of Assyria, in the reigne of King Hoshea, mentioned 2 Kings 17: yet me thinkes, I may all as well interpret it of the division of the heart in it's selfe, and in respect to God, viz. through Hypocrisy. For first, it is not so proper, to say of one heart, that it is divided from another, (but rather that it is separated:) and therefore the Septuagint, though the Hebrew word be in the singular number, used the plurall, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, hearts. 2 In that chapter but now menti∣oned (2 Kings 17.) there is a plaine reproofe of the peoples Hypocrisy, and dividing of their heart, viz. betwene God and their Idols, in these words, And the children of Israel did secretly those things that were not right v. 9. 3 This expression here of a divided heart (to say nothing of the expression of the same Prophet c. 7. 8, where he compares the same people, to a cake not turned, as if they were for God but of one side) is agree∣able to the expressions of the Scripture else∣where,

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concerning Hypocrites, viz: that they have a double heart, or, as the Hebrew reads, a heart and a heart. so Psal. 12. 2. with flattering lips & a deceitfull heart (or a heart and a heart) doe they speake: where the word which we translate flattering, viz. halakoth, signifies likewise divisions, and comes from that word, which we here translate divided; insomuch that the Syriack renders, the lips of divisions. where I conceive, that accor∣ding to the Hebrew Idiom (as you may see Jer. 51. 26. &c.) divisions is to be understood passively reciprocall, as if it were lips divided: because I believe David doth not so much complaine of his enemies their flattering Saul; as of their flattering him, viz: telling him one thing, and telling Saul ano∣ther; wherein their tongue was divided, as well as their heart. So in the Epistle of James ch. 4. 8. they are called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, double souled, or double minded. For albeit in the first chap∣ter, verse 8. he seemes to meane by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (double minded) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (as he calls him verse 6.) him that wavereth in faith, or doubteth in prayer, (whose heart is not, as David saith Psal: 112. 7, fixed* 1.19, trusting in the Lord, but is partly on, and partly off, halting, as it were, between trust and dis∣trust:) yet I believe in this place, he is to be understood of Hypocrisie; and the rather,

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because of some expressions which he uses, as of drawing nigh to God; as if insteed of drawing nigh to God with the mouth, and removing their hearts farre from him (which is the property of a Hypocrite Isa: 29. 13.) he would have them draw nigh to him simply, and indeed. And of clensing and purifying; as if he had respect espcially to the Leaven, (or contamination) of Hypocrisy. 4 This interpretation of a divided heart, (viz: that it is meant of Hypocrisy,) seemes to be con∣firmed, by the expressions applyed in Scrip∣ture, to that which is opposite to it, viz. Sin∣cerity; when those that serve God sincerely, are said to seek him with their WHOLE heart Ps: 119. 2. To follow the Lord WHO∣LY a 1.20 Josh: 14. 9. 14. a To serve him with a PERFECTb 1.21 heart 1 Chr: 28. 9; and many more of the like nature.

14 Destruction, (without mercy.) And they remembred that God was their Rock, and the high God their Redeemer. Neverthelesse they did flatter him with their mouth, and they lied unto him with their tongues: For their heart was not right with him, neither were they stedfast in his Covenant. But he being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroy∣ed them not &c. Ps: 78. 35, to 38

15 Destruction without mercy, both they, and theirs.* 1.22 Therefore the Lord shall have no

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joy in their young men, neither shall he have mercy on their Fatherlesse, and Widows; for e∣very one is an Hypocrite, and an evill doer, and every mouth speaketh folly, for all this, his an∣ger is not turned away; but his hand is stretch∣ed out still, Isa: 9. 17. Indeed this Hypocrisy seemes to have been the maine sinne that led the Jews into Captivity: For in the next chapter, when God speakes of sending the Assyrian against them, he mentioneth no other sinne, but this; and he hath no sooner mentioned this, but presently he cals them a people of his wrath. Marke the angry expres∣sions, that are in his threat: I will send him against an Hypocriticall Nation, and against the people of my wrath, will I give him a charge to take the spoile, and to take the pray, and tread them downe like the mire in the street. Isa: 10. 6. See the angry expressions likewise in Jeremiah's prayer c. 12. 13, compared with verse 2. Why is not cutting off, as due to us, for having the Leaven of Hypocrisy in ser∣ving God, as it was to the Jewes, for having Leaven, when they kept the Feast of nnlea∣vened bread? Exod: 12. 15. For whosoever eateth leavened bread, from the first day till the seventh day, that soule shall be cut off from Is∣rael.

16 Lastly Hell, though not expressed downe-right, yet in a worse manner; such

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as whereby the certainty of falling into it, and the difficulty of avoiding it, is more fully expressed, then if it were directly threaten∣ed, viz: thus, And shall cut him asunder, and appoint him his portion with the Hypo∣crites, Mat. 24. 51. With the Hypocrites] as if, though others also come to hell, yet it were chiefly intended for Hypocrites In chap. 21. 31, our Saviour tels the Priests and Elders, (whom he compares, for their Hypo∣crisie, and faire pretences, to the sonne in the Parable, that said, I goe Sir, and went not, v. 30.) Verily I say unto you, that the Publicans, and Harlots goe into the Kingdome of God before you. Figge trees, that have no∣thing on them, but leaves onely (Mat: 21. 21.) are neere unto cursing and burning: and to those that are wells without water, the mist of darknesse is reserved for ever, 2 Pet 2. 17.

I have held you long, in relating the pu∣nishments of a Hypocrite; and not without cause. He must needs have more then one punishment, for he hath necessarily more then one sin, because otherwise he could not be an hypocrite, whose proper sin is, to cloak & con∣ceale sins. insomuch that indeed Hypocrisie may seeme not to be so properly called a sinne, (any more then wickednesse may be called sinne,) as, a wicked habit, of commit∣ting sinnes in secret, and pretending, and pra∣ctising

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the contrary in publike. I will con∣clude with the saying of a Heathen, concer∣ning Hypocrisie towards men; who (though he would not use our greeke name for it) saith, hee counted it, of all injustice the most capitall, or worthy of death, Totius autem injustitiae nulla Capitalior est,* 1.23 quàm eo∣rum, qui cum maximè fallunt, id agunt ut vi∣ri boni esse videantur.

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