I ragguagli di Parnasso, or, Advertisements from Parnassus in two centuries : with the politick touch-stone / written originally in Italian by that famous Roman Trajano Bocalini ; and now put into English by the Right Honourable Henry, Earl of Monmouth.

THE SECOND CENTURY. (Book 2)

The I. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Province of Phosides, doth by her Ambassadors complain to Apollo, that his Majesties Officers do not any whit observe their priviledges; and are not onely not listened to in what they do say, but receive a harsh answer.

THe well peopled Province of Phosides, vvho rebelled some years ago against the ignorant, and voluntarily submitted themselves to be governed by Apollo; from whom they ob∣tained such ample priviledges, as those of Phosides might be said to live in a sort of liberty, hath now sent her Am∣bassadors to this Court, to complain of his Majesties Of∣ficers, who do no vvays observe the priviledges granted them, desiring that they may be better observed. Apollo not being vvell pleased with this business, referred it to the Council of State, from vvhom tvvo days ago the Ambassadors received their final ansvver, That the Lords of the Council did very much vvonder, and vvere scandalized, that the people of Phosides should understand the affairs of the World so little, as not to knovv that Priviledges, Exemptions and Immunities given to people nevvly purchased, vvere like those cherries vvhich vvere given to little children to quiet them vvhen they cry; vvhich vvhen they vvere quieted, vvere taken from them. The Prime Ambassador stoutly replied, that if it vvere the custom of Pernassus so foully to abuse simple people, Phosides vvould quickly cry again that she might be pacified vvith cherries of nevv priviledges. To him Francis Guichardin, Lord President of the Council ansvvered, That they should do vvell first to consider their present condition, for they should find that they had suf∣fered themselves to be brought to such a point of slavery by the Cita∣dels

and strong Holds, which in time of peace they had permitted to be built amongst them; as if they returned to complain and cry, they might be quieted by scourges, without any danger to Apollo's affairs.

The II. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo makes use of the unfortunate Count St. Paul, to frighten the Nobility in Kingdoms from rebelling against their natural Lords, at the pressure of Foreign Princes.

APPOLLO much to his displeasure hath learnt, how that some Princes that they may vanquish their enemies, do not use open force (as was the custom of ancient Hero's) with armed men in the field, but make use of fraud and cozenage; whereat they are so good, as they have been thereby able happily to atchieve very great enterprizes: for the first arms that these draw against their enemies, is shamefully to corrupt the Loyal∣ty of other mens subjects, and to incite the Nobles to rebel. Apollo to remedy so great disorders, gave command to Iovanni Francisco Lottoni, Register of his Majesties Moral Precepts, that the miserable Count S. Paul, for a publique example of very great misfortune, should be carried in an open chair by beggars, and set before the Porch of the Delphick Temple: This great Prince, with his hands without fingers, and so shamefully torn, as they seem to be mangled by dogs, is shewed by Lottoni to the people, who in great numbers pass in and out through that Temple, to whom he crys aloud, Faithful Vertuosi, lovers of learn∣ing, and holy moral records, take example by the calamity of this so miserable Prince, who hath lost the use of his hands, which God pre∣serve still free to you; and learn at the cost of others, what it imports to be always pulling of Crabs out of their holes with your own hands, for the advantage of other men.

The III. ADVERTISEMENT.

Great Euclid, for having distated some powerful men, is cruelly beaten by their Bravoes.

THe freshest news from Libetro brought by the ordinarry post from Ephesus, bears date the fourteenth of this present moneth; and they tell us, that on the sixth of the same, about noon, Euclide, that Prince of the Mathematicks, was set upon by some under the Uranian Porch, who beat him so cruelly with sand bags, as they left him for dead. Apollo was mightily disturbed at this novelty; and the rather, for that though Euclide was better beloved, and more made of by the greatest Princes of this State, then any other Litterato, yet this so great excess appaared to be made by the command of some powerful person∣ages; for Euclide was first seized on by two of these Swash-backlers, and held fast, whilst other two beat him, who were seen to be backed by many armed men. There are many occasions alledged for this so great resentment; but the most generally received opinion is, that some po∣tent subjects of this State are very much ill satisfied with Euclid, for the Mathematical Instrument which he some few days before publish∣ed in the Schools, wherein was conclusively shewed, that all the lines of the thoughts, and actions both of Princes and private men, meet in this centre, how to take money handsomely from another mans purse, and put it into ones own.

The IV. ADVERTISEMENT.

In a Duel which hapned between an Italian Poet, and a Ver∣tuoso of Spain, the Spaniard being wounded to death, did so gallant an action before he expired, as Apollo gave order that he should be solomnly buried at the publike charge.

A Great dispute arose some few days ago between a Spanish Vertuoso, and an Italian Poet touching a certain Lady, who challenging each other, met in Bellona's Forum, and the business being to be di∣sputed without defensive weapons, proved vrey cruel. For being arm∣ed onely with two short and sharp Terzetti, at the first encounter they grapled, and the Spaniard having received two mortal wounds, fell to the ground, and said these words to a friend of his who run in to

help him, Hermano azeme plazer d'enterarme, sin che ninguna mi desnude, Do me the courtesie friend, to bury me before I be stript naked. Which being said, his wounds bled so much as he dyed. The de sire which this Spaniard made to his friend, that he might not be stript, being noised abroad in Parnassus, made all men (as it commonly falls out in things forbidden) the more desirous to see him naked; especially since it was made by one of that wise Nation, which doth not onely never speak by chance, but never suffers a word to escape their mouthes which carries not mistery and great sense with it. And Apollo's self had the curiosity to know why that Litterato at the very point of death, did so earnestly desire not to be stript naked. So as commanding him to be stript, it was found that he who went so sprucely drest, and had a ruff about his neck so curiously wrought as it was more worth then all his other clothes, had never a shirt on; which caused much laughter throughout all Par∣nassus; only Apollo was much astonished at this novelty, and did mightily exaggerate the gallantry of this Litterato, who in the very agony of death was so sensible of his honor, as he closed his eyes with zeal to his reputation. For which excessive worth, which vvas a clear evidence of an extraordinary great mind; he commanded that he should be solemn∣ly buried at the publike charge, con la pompa censoria: the which was done with so great a concourse of the Litterati of all Nations, as more were never seen to be at any Roman triumph. Afterwards Flavius Quintillian; in a Funeral Oration which he made in praise of this Ver∣tuoso, did much exaggerate the happiness of the powerful Monarchy of Spain, whose greatness lay not (as he said) in the gold and silver shops of Peru, of Nova Spagna, Rio della plata, and in the Castiglia dell'oro; nor yet in the numberless number of Kingdoms which she was master of; but onely in the honorable condition of her Nation. Since it being clearly seen that this Spanish Vertuoso, in that his great calamity, en∣deavoured first not to suffer in his reputation, before he took order to have his wounds cured, it was an evident proof, that it was peculiar to the honourable Spanish Nation to prefer honor before life; and that the Spaniards were more careful not to commit any unworthy act, then they were of life. And Quintillian concluded his Oration with a cruel invective against Philosophers, who will not admit that two con∣traries can be found in one and the same subject, when great appearance and infinite substance, vain glory and sollidness, were visibly seen to reign, even in their greatest extreams amongst Spaniards.

The V. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo having used great diligence to come by any of the Idols of Princes, proceeds with severity against one, who fell into the Iudges Power.

APOLLO, much to his displeasure, perceiving the great disorders, occasioned not onely in great Empires, but also in little States, by the blindness of those Princes who assubject themselves to some one of their servants: Since neither his Majesties exhortations, nor the sad calamities which many Princes have undergone by so great folly, hath been able to make them avoid the hard destiny of being violently hurri∣ed into Hell by these inconveniences: his Majestie, not to abandon his protection of the Governors of the world, resolved some moneths since, to proceed with severity against such servants; who by their prodigious ambition, and devillish cunning, go about to command their masters; insomuch, as some years ago, he laid great fines upon such, and promised great rewards to any who would discover them to his Judges. And about a fortnight since, the Magistracy was told of one of these. who being afterwards taken, had the rack given him; whereupon he confessed all the wicked tricks which he had used, not onely to enslave, but even to make his master adore him. When Apollo saw the process made against this wicked one, he was much troubled to find that those very Princes who are jealous of their own children, either through their own blockish∣ness, or by the fraud of others, can bring themselves to the shameful infamy of becoming a slave to one of their ignoble servants; and he thought it very strange, that a Son or Nephew of a Prince, who that he might rule his Father, or domineer over his Uncle, had shewn himself to be infinitely ambitious, and to thirst after Government, and who at last had compast his desires, could then so metamorphose himself, as to relinquish that power which he by so many practises had gotten over a Superior, to one who was so far beneath him, a great wonder certainly, and which mans vvit can give as little reason for, as for the hidden ver∣tue of the Load-stone. Apollo, to the end that Princes might learn to keep themselves from committing such indignities, by seeing vvhat pu∣nishment vvas inflicted upon this Court-favorite, caused all the Princes that are resident in this Court, to meet tvvo days ago in the great Hall of Audience, in vvhose presence, and to their greater confusion, he caused Atorney Bossio to read aloud the shameful process made against this vvicked one; wherein vvhen he vvas asked vvhat tricks he had used to get the command over his Master? made ansvver, That from the very first day that he came to Court, he used all possible diligence to ob∣serve his Princes genius, and finding that he vvas mightily given to lasci∣viousness, he used all his Rhetorick to praise a vice so misbecoming a King, making it appear to be an egregious vertue, and then all his in∣dustry to be imployed by him therein; vvhich vvhen he had obtained,

he studied diligently hovv to fit him vvith those vvho mig ht satisfie his lust. That aftervvards under divers pretences, as that they vvere either vitious, or enemies to the Prince, he had by degrees removed all the Princes honest servants from the Court, vvho he knevv might have re∣duced him to have lived vertuously, and that he had put Confidents of his own in their places, who were likewise given to carnallity, and to all other sorts of vice, by whose means he had endeavoured that his Master should quite lose some signal endowments which he had by nature, and which he had received by his former good education. That then under pretence that they were unfaithful, he had so wrought it, as all the old State-Ministers were turned out, whose just sorrows for their Prince his loose life, he had made the Prince believe were but seditious backbitings, and so had made their places be conferred upon men void of counsel or wisdom, and who cared not for their Princes interest; for he onely de∣sired confidence in them, and that they would stick close to him: and that he had so surrounded his Master with such as these, as it was impos∣sible for him to hear truth from any one that was faithful to the common good, which truth ought always to be joyned to a Prince, as is his sha∣dow to his body. That then, to the end that he himself might alone go∣vern the State, he had brought his Prince to be so in love with idleness, as taking delight in nothing but pleasant Gardens, Conntrey-houses, and hunting, he hated to hear of business, or of any thing that concerned his State. That moreover, he had brought him to believe, that his having made him fall out with his own son, and the Princes of the blood, pro∣ceeded from his great zeal unto his service, and his love to the publique good of his people; and that he had so besotted him by his cunning tricks, as the unfortunate Prince called that the vigilancy of a faithful servant, an ease to his labours, charity towards the publike affairs, which was known by the veriest fools of his State to be Tyranie, and as such abhord: And had made him believe, that his idleness, slothfulness and negligence was honourable repose. That besides all this, to the end that the Prince might never awake out of so shameful a sleep, and opening his eyes, might be aware of his own simplicity, and of other mens wicked ambition, he had filled his house with flatterers, who by their infamous perswasions, cryed up his folly for great worth; the peoples universal hatred, for immeasurable love; publique fault finding, for exagerated praise; confusion, for excellent Government; the tyrany of a wicked personage, for excellent service; termed extortions, justice; prodigal∣lity, liberallity; his slothfulness and baseness in having quite given over the Government of his State, honorable labour, and diligent rule. All the Princes who heard the wickednesses confest by this perfidious man, were so astonished at the hearing thereof, as they said, it was charity to hang him; and that therefore Perillous should be desired to invent some new torment whereby this monster of nature might be by piece-meal torn in pieces, and made to dye a lingring death; to the end that no man might ever commit such wickedness hereafter. And the Princes were so moved with the foulness of this process, as they earnestly desired his Majestie to use extraordinary rigour to such who should suffer them∣selves to be so shamefully treated by their fraudilent servants. And be∣cause Apollo being so touched at the very soul, with the vertuous desire made unto him by these Princes, let fall some tears: the foolisher sort

of people believed that it was occasioned through his great joy to see the Princes so much detest that vice, which he desired they might shun: but the wiser sort of Vertuosi who were there present, knew very well, that Apollo bewailed the blindness of Princes, who are so drunk, as hating their own errors in others, did earnestly desire that those vices should be punished with extraordinary severity, in which the most of them, without being aware of it, were dipt even up to the eyes. So pernitious is it in Princes to idolatrize Minnions, as knowing it, and blaming it in their companions, they are not aware of it in themselves, but do highly commend it; and they who boast themselves to be the onely Aristarchi of the world, are those who fall into this shameful error.

The VI. ADVERTISEMENT.

All the Monarchies of the world affrighted at the over-great power and successful proceedings of the German Common∣wealths, consult in a general Dyet how to keep themselves from being in time opprest by them.

THe general Dyet which all the Monarchies of the World intimated four moneth ago, to be held at Pindo the 15 of the last moneth, and which by excluding all the Commonwealths of Europe, occasioned great jealousies in them, lest a general league might be concluded against all free Countreys. Being at last dissolved, on the 20 of the present moneth, and the Princes being already returned to their own States, it is known for certain, that it was called for no other end, but against the infinite number of Commonwealths which have of late been instituted amongst the Switzers, Grisouns, Bearnois, and other people of Germany; particularly against those which with so much scandal to Monarchy, be∣gin to rise between the Hollanders and Zealanders in the Low-Coun∣treys. When all the Monarchies of the World, according to their custom were set down in a great Hall; it is said their Lord Chancellor spoke thus:

Most high and mighty Monarchs, and Rulers of mankind, it may clearly be seen, by the sad and dangerous condition which you are in, that there is nothing under the Sun which is perpetual, nor which doth not threaten present ruine. Since Monarchy her self, which by all under∣standing Polititions hath always been held for the sovereign Queen of all Policy, hath got so great a rent and cleft in her Fabrick, as it is not onely evidently seen that she is not of that Eternal Foundation which those who understand State affairs, have continually asserted her to be, but seems to be neer ruine. Monarchies from the very beginning of the

World to this present day have governed so happily, and won such re∣putation, as of all sorts of Governments, they have been cheifly praised, and have always had the victory over Commonwealths, their enemies. And though it was thought that the immence Roman Li∣berty, by having destroyed so many famous Monarchies, would have put the whole World at Liberty, yet at last (though after a long time) she her self turned into a Principality, which is the certain end, and in∣evitable death of all Commonwealths. And though the prime wits of the world have laboured sufficiently to institute long lived Common∣wealths, against the eternity of Monarchy, yet could they never com∣pass their intent. Olegarchies being known to be the insufferable Ty∣rany of a few, have been soon turned to Principalities; and the Insti∣tutors of Democracy could never find out a good way how to curb the people, so as it might have the chief Authority to command, but after bloody seditions hath precipitated into cruel slavery, and hath nursed up a Serpent in her bosom; some ambit•…•…ous Citizen, who by the certain way of the universal affection of ignorant people hath known how to get the chief Lordship over the free Countrey. Moreover, we have often seen popular Government prove so hateful to the Nobility, as first the Romans, after the death of Caesar; and then the Florentines when Alexander Duke of Medecis was slain, chose rather to live under new Princes, then return to the cruel servitude of the Plebeians, who are always seditious. And the very Aristocratical Governments, which of all others hath cost so much sweat, have at last ended in Monarchies; for the founders of such Republicks, could never perfectly compass those two important qualities, which make Aristocracy eternal; of maintaining such an equality amongst the Nobility, but that there would arise an odious disproportion of honours and riches amongst them, the fruitful mothers of Tyrany; and of giving such satisfacti∣on to signal subjects, to the haughty minds of Citizens excluded from publike Government, so as they may be content to live servants in that Countrey, which hath the name of being Free. And those who have boasted to make mixt Commonwealths eternal, have been like∣wise mightily deceived; for as in humane bodies, the four elements whereof they are composed, after an agreement of long health, do at last alter, and that which proves most predominant kills the man; so the mixture of Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy in a Common∣wealth, one of the three humors getting at length the upper hand, she must needs in length of time alter; which alteration changing the form of Government, at last bereaves Liberty of her life, as we may have seen a thousand examples in former times; for all that learned men have set down in writing, and proved by good grounds of reason, doth not prove true in practice; it being clearly seen, that Licurgus, Solon, and other Legislators for living free, who have thought to tame the unvanquishable spirits of men by the excellent provision of holy in∣stitutions, and to curb the malice of the ambitious by severe punish∣ments, have been more then much abused in their opinions. But now (nor can I speak it without great terror and grief of heart) we plainly see with our own eyes, that the Germans, being excellent Artificers, no less of Commonwealths, then of Clocks and Watches, have at last invented those eternal Liberties, which for so many ages the wisdom of

ancient Philosophers have in vain sought for, and from whence Monar∣chies have great reason to apprehend their death and utter extirpation. Never was there a more golden sentence said (most glorious Monarchs) then that, That every least despised sparkle is apt to occasion great com∣bustions. For who would ever have believed that that little spark of of liberty which first arose amongst the Switzers, would have been able to kindle a fire, which should afterwards dilate it self so far in Ger∣many, as the World now sees and wonders at? And what man how wise soever, could have foretold, that in so short a time it would have caused the combustion of so many Cities and warlike Nations; which to the great shame and infinite danger of Monarchy, have vindicated their liberty? Certainly it is a thing almost miraculous to believe, that the little liberty which began to have a being amongst the Switzers, a poor people, and husbandmen of a very barren soyl, and which was so much despised by you, should afterwards be able to infect the most warlike Nations of Germany with the same disease; and which is yet the greatest miracle, who could ever have foreseen, that these Com∣monwealths should in so short a time win such credit with all Poten∣tates, as well in civil affairs, as for matter of Arms, as that they should not onely be held the supreme Umpires of peace and war in Europe, but the very greatest Terror of the chiefest Princes of the World. The Commonwealths of Germany (most illustrious Princes) are Trumpets which should awaken you from the too supine sleep wherein you have so long lain. Know your evils, look upon your dangers, which cry aloud for speedy remedy. Since in the German Commonwealths you see not onely Aristocracy grounded, with so wise laws, as they promise long life, but that which all men thought impossible, quiet and peace∣ful Democracy. The Commonwealth of Rome, which with an un∣paralel'd ambition proposed unto her self as her ultimate end, the abso∣lute Dominion of the World; that she might arive at so immense an tent, was forced to be continually in arms, and to put weapons into her Citizens hands, who by continual command of Armies, and by the long Government of large Provinces, filled their private houses with treasures befitting any King, but very disproportionable for Senators of well regulated Republiques; and by the too great authority which was unwisely and fatally given them by the Senate, of bestowing even whole Kingdoms on whom they best liked, they swole so big with the wind of ambition, as that equality of Authority, which is the soul of free Countreys, was wholly disordered in the Roman Nobility. By reason of these disorders it was, that first the Silli and Marii arose in Rome, and then the fatal Pompeys and Caesars, who after long and bloody civil wars, slew that so famous Liberty. And for the last calamity of Monarchy, it cannot be hoped that this wide gate should ever be open∣ed in the well-regulated German Commonwealths, where all ambition of commanding over vanquished people, and neighbour nations, be∣ing utterly banished, the glorious resolution and firm purpose reigns onely in them, of not yielding obedience unto any. A happy resolve, which maintains that necessary equality between the Citizens of those Hans-Towns, and between the chief Senators; and works this effect, that whilst they wage not war to impose that slavery upon others, which they themselves seem so to shun, their neighbours do neither hate them,

nor are they jealous of them. So as it is no wonder if they promise un∣to themselves long lives, and think themselves unvanquishable by the power of whatsoever Potentate; for they are of opinion, that the best Politick precept which by others is to be admired in the German Hanf-Towns, is to detest the acquisition of neighbouring Nations; for with like wisedom they enjoy that publike peace with Foreigners, and that private agreement amongst their Citizens, which makes their freedom formidable abroad, and safe at home. This that I say, is clearly seen by the miseries into vvhich the Roman Liberty, after six hundred years, did at last fall; vvhich not to speak any thing of the infinite acquisiti∣ons vvhich she made in Italy and elsevvhere) by the last conquest vvhich she vvoud make of France (a Kingdom vvhich hath alvvays proved fatal to Foreigners vvho endeavoured to subjugate it) fell headlong in∣to Caesars Tyranny: And the Florentines, by their obstinate ambition of making those of Pisa slaves, did so disorder their ovvn Common∣vvealth, as they may serve to teach the World, that it is better and safer for Republiques to have their neighbouring Cities and Nations Confiderates and Friends, then subjects and enemies. This disorder is not seen in the Hans-Tovvns of Germany, vvho resting content vvith their own liberty, suffer those who joyn vvith them to live free under the Government of their ovvn Lavv; vvhence it is, that in Germany, and in universal concerns, there appears but one onely Commonvvealth to be in Germany, but many in particulars; and the Arms of the Freemen of that Warlike Nation, serve onely for instruments of peace, and to preserve their ovvn, not to intrench upon the liberties of other men. A thing which certainly forbodes much evil to Monarchy; for what more pernitious or cruel enemy can a Prince have, then he who assaults him with pretence of communicating liberty to a subjugated people: These are the arms by which the German Hans-Towns have so dilated them∣selves: And certainly not without good reason; for people cannot kill that enemy, who instead of death, fire and plunder, brings them li∣berty, which by instinct of nature, is so much desired by all men. Lo then, illustrious Monarchs, how the German Hans-Towns are little in particular, each of them contenting themselves with their own liber∣ties; but immensly great in general, for that they do all communicate in the interests of publique liberty. So as a Prince cannot have to do with one, but he must offend all; a disorder which is so much the great∣er, for that like a contagious disease, or enraged cancer, it every day encreaseth by degrees, taking in new Cities, and new people, and as∣sembling them all to their own liberty the first day of their purchase, naturalize foreign Nations, make enemies dear friends; wherefore it may well be doubted, that in a short time the whole world will be in∣fected with this contagious disease; and the danger is the more dread∣ful in these unfortunate times, wherein the liberty of Commonwealths is gotten into so high an esteem, as our own subjects fear not to call it the onely filicity of mankind. Whence it is, that (when men can think to enjoy it quietly, and that as it is in the Hans-Towns of Germany, every one may live in liberty under the Laws of their own Countrey) it is so infinitely coveted, as it is purchased, though at the expence of much blood. And if such a disease hath been able to enlarge it self so far in so short a time amongst dissolute people, people so given over

to gluttony and drunkenness, what shall we think it may do if it should fasten in Italy or Spain, or in the other sober Nations of Europe, the most of which, as we all know, are so affected to Monarchy. The bu∣siness about which you are here met, is as you have heard, most mighty Monarchs, of importance, and requires the more speedy remedy, for that if the Hollanders and Zealanders shall once have laid a good foun∣dation, and shall have perpetuated themselves in that liberty which they have usurpt against the powerful King of Spain, their natural Lord, you may well, from so foul a scandal, fear your utter extirpation. And you as well the most Christian, as the most powerful Kingdom of France, which in this so majestical an Assembly do deservedly hold the first place, amongst the greatest Monarchs of the world, you very well knew that in your last troubles, it was oft talk of; and per∣haps agreed upon by your seditious enemies, how to kindle in your bosom; and amongst your faithful French men, the fire of the German liberty; so far are the evils advanced; which to those that understand so much, it may suffice me to have touch upon.

This Discourse made by the Lord Chancellor did infinitely trouble those great Monarchs. And many Princes, whose States lay neerest those Republicks, finding what danger they were in, were extraordi∣ly afflicted. Wherefore they fell suddenly to think upon remedies; and as the most immediate, a strait League was propounded to be made by all Monarchies, against Commonwealths, hoping that by open force of so many Princes joyned together, they might easily be mastered. But in this opinion, which at first seemed very plausable to every one, great difficulties were afterwards discovered: for some Princes put the Dyet in mind, that it was not onely indiscretion, but great rashness to af∣front with mercenary Souldiers, whose interest in the war was but the poor pay of six pence a day, a Nation which took up Arms for the defence of liberty; and which was that important reason of mens proving so couragious; And to this purpose, Charls Duke of Burgundies unfortunate case was instanced in; who though he was held to be the thunder of War, the Orlando and Mars of his times, was notwithstand∣ing, together with the greatest part of his Army, cut in pieces by the Switzers, onely because each man that fights in defence of liberty, hath twenty hands, and as many hearts.

And it was considered; that it being impossible for the Princes to van∣quish so many Commonwealths in as short time (as the business re∣quired) the expence of much time would likewise make it altogether in∣feasable; for that the Hollanders and Zealanders had taught all Princes, that if people who defended their liberties were long trained up in war, they became unconquerable; and this was said to happen, because the charity of a free Countrey, doth not onely make the hearts of the Citi∣zens thereof undaunted, and their hands nimble, but makes their souls faithful, and quickens their wits.

And it was further said; That that Prince took a bad business in hand, who could not fight his enemy with Canons loaded or charged with gold, which was that which routed all Armies, and won all Bat∣tels, and which had the wonderful effect of destroying a mans Loyalty

And concerning this particular, reflection was had upon the modern actions of the Hollanders and Zealanders, who out of the very great affection which they bore to the liberty of their Countrey, had so gal∣lantly resisted, not onely the steel and iron, but even the gold of that valiant and rich Spanish Nation, which knows so well how to make use both of the one and the other, as it was held a thing almost miraculous; that at one and the same time they could defend their new Common∣wealth, no less against the open force of the Spaniards; then against the concealed designs of the French and English; and cheifly against the subtil cunning of that crafty Fox the Prince of Orange: All which (though under various and specious pretences of liberty) had as great a mind to make themselves masters of those States, as the King of Spain had to re∣duce them under his ancient Dominion.

To this, a second, and much more important difficulty was added; for consultation was had, what the Colleague Monarchs should do with the German Commonwealths, when by their forces they should have conquered them. For answer to which, the common reason of Nations, and the ordinary use of leagues was urged; which is, that the acquisiti∣on of enemies States made by Colleagues, if any of them be of the number of the colleaguing Princes, that they should be restored to their ancient Lords: by vertue of which law, the Roman Empire desired, that when the victory should be gotten, those Cities and Hans-Towns should be restored to her, which had withdrawn themselves from her authority. And the house of Austrea pretended with good reason, to repossess her ancient Dominion over the greatest part of the Switzers, and other people, who to make themselves free, had shook off the yoke of her Government. Though all these pretensions were by the Senate ac∣knowledged to be just, yet did the Princes so much stomach them, as after a long dispute, it was at last resolved, that no more should be spoken thereof: And it was then said, that it being impossible for the two afore∣said reasons, that the Monarchies should by open Force subjugate the Commonwealths of Germany, they should for the future so wisely strengthen and fortifie themselves, as that the malady of the German Hans-Towns, which till then had made such and so prejudicial progress, should grow no greater. And it was resolved, that it being very palpa∣ble, that the many large priviledges which were granted by some too prodigal Princes to their vassals, in a middle way of living free, and this not without great occasion, had made them affect total liberty; that therefore such priviledges, as being scandalous, and very pernitious to Monarchy, should not onely not be granted hereafter, no not to any de∣sert, how great soever; but that every Potentate should cunningly by little and little, endeavor to take them from their people, and bring them so wholly into servitude, as they should not have any the least ken of those priviledges which had heightned their minds to affect total Freedom: And hereupon some former Emperors of Germany, and Dukes of Bur∣gony, were severely reprehended, who were not onely fools in granting their people prejudicial exemptions, but ignorantly avaritious in selling them for a small sum of money, vvhereby they had put themselves and other Monarchies upon great difficulties. And for their greater severity, these Princes decreed, that all form, all footsteps of levelling, should from the very root be extirpated from amongst their subjects; the wisest

of the Dyet affirming, that the great inequality of the Gentry in a King∣dom, was that which secured them from ever bringing in a form of free Government: and the Monarchy of Spain was so stiff in this Opinion, as she freely said, she spoke it knowingly, that nothing had more pre∣served the Dukedom of Millan from living in that freedom, after the death of Philip Maria Viscount, which was then talked of being insti∣tuted therein, then the great disproportion of wealth, which hath al∣ways been observed to be in that noble Dukedom, not onely between the Nobility and people of Millan, but even between the Nobility it self, which had also been the reason why, in the rich Kingdom of Naples, no speech was ever heard to be made by those Barons, of levelling or living free, no not when they had so fair an occasion presented them of doing so by the failing of the blood Royal, and by many other inter∣regni which they had had in their troubles; for that the Nobility of King∣doms had this of natural instinct, rather to admit of any subject how bar∣barous soever for their King, then to see not onely Barons of late editi∣on, but even Doctors and Shop-keepers made equal (which liberty would do) like to them. Moreover, it was hinted, as an excellent means where∣by to weaken the German Hans-Towns, that the Potentates of Europe would forego the so pernitious custom of buying at a deer and dishonor∣able rate the schum of the Switzers, Grisouns, and other German Nations, it being sure that if they should be left in their own Countreys, those unquiet, seditious and disorderly spirits, which much to their pro∣fit, they send abroad, would cause such fractions at home, as they would be seen to turn those weapons upon themselves, which now they sell to unwise Princes at the weight of gold. But the many jealousies which have always reigned, which reign now more then ever, and which it is to be believed, will for ever reign amongst the greatest Kings of Chri∣stendom, wrought so, as for fear, lest the one might leave all the refuse to be made use of by the other, so salutiferous a memorandum was pub∣liquely praised by all, and in private abhorred by every particular. But it is true, that to make Monarchy as pleasing to the people as it was pos∣sible for Princes to do, these underwritten Articles were with great so∣lemnity penned, established, and sworn unto in the Dyet to be inviolably kept.

I. THat since to love and fear God with all ones heart, was the wisest piece of Policy, and the most perfect State-Reason which could be learned and practised by Princes, they should not for the future make use of his most holy name (as many had formerly done) as a means whereby to get money from their people; and to hurry them or wheel them about with divers Sects, and new Religi∣ons, such as made most for their worldly interests; but to obtain that favour from his Divine Majestie, which brings abundance of all that is good to Princes who fear God, and to people who obey his holy Laws.

II. That for the future they should be content so to milk and shear the sheep of their Flock, as that they should not onely not flea them, but not so much as touch a bit of their skin, being mindful that men were crea∣tures which had understanding, not beasts which knew nothing; that

therefore there was a great deal of difference between Shepherds who shore and milked sheep, and Prince-shepherds, who shore and milked men; the latter being to use the shears of discretion, instead of those of meer interest, which are onely made use of (and that always unfor∣tunately) by greedy Shepherds; it having been often seen, that pub∣like hatred hath been able to metamorphize the simple sheep of subjects, into skittish Mules, who have driven their indiscrete shepherd out of the fold with kicking.

III. That they should keep their people within the bounds of fear, not with such a caprichious beastiality as makes the Government of one man alone dreadful, and then totally pernitious, when he will judge mens lives by his sole arbitrary power; but by being inexorable in those faults onely which not deserving pardon, had need to be punished with all the severity that the Law allows.

IV. That they should be spairing of publike moneys to unworthy personages, prodigal to such as did deserve well; for that they being so hardly drawn from the subjects, every Prince who would deserve the name of a good shepherd, was bound to give them so much satisfaction, as to see that their moneys were not prodigally wasted in hunting, tilting, feasting, in inriching Bawds, Buffoons and Flatterers; but that they were judiciously laid out for the advantage of publike peace.

V. That they should for the future confer Dignities and Magistracy to such as were most worthy, having respect onely to the merit of the desirer, not to any affection of the recommender; for that he did truly deserve to be accounted a fool, who to honor or advantage another, shamed himself, and disparaged his own gifts.

VI. That they should bury their own odd conceits, and for ever banish their private passions: And to the end that they might put on that excellent resolution which makes Princes so happy, and King∣doms so flourishing, of absolutely submitting themselves to the good and publike interest of their people, they should totally abandon their own wilful opinion.

VII. That they should appear to be absolute Monarchs of their States, in executing the results of their most important affairs, but in consulting thereupon, onely the heads of a well ordered Aristocracy; being sure that four fools who did advise together, made better resolves, then any the best greatest wit could do alone.

VIII. That making God their example whose Lieutenants Princes were on earth, they should pardon Homecide onely out of compassion, born to minority in yerrs, to the greatness of the offence received more in honor then in life, to certain sudden furies; w^ch makes a man not master of him∣self bereaving him of all judgement and reason; but not for greediness of money; for that Princes could not introduce a more wicked Traffick in their Tribunals, then to make merchandize of mens blood. That there∣fore fraudulent Homicides committed out of premiditated malice should

by no means be forgiven, not onely for not drawing down Gods anger upon them, but for the administration of that right justice which they were bound to give unto their subjects; for that Princes by pardoning hainous offences, purchased onely the praise of being avaritiously and wickedly merciful.

IX. That they should firmly believe themselves to be absolute Lords and Masters of their subjects; not as shepherds are of their sheep, who may sell them to the shambles; but onely utendo, not abutendo, by using, not by abusing them; for people imbittered by bad usuage, could not live long with that ill satisfaction, which is the fruitful mother of bad resolutions.

X. That they should think the true heaping up of riches consisted in giving content unto their people, and in making them of subjects, bro∣thers and children; and that the excellent art of taking Sturgions with Pilchards, was nothing else, then to purchase the rich treasure of mens hearts by a wise liberality, and to cheapen love by clemency: for to fill their coffers with gold, raised out of the taxes and exactions (as some Princes do) was not onely to swell that spleen which did so impare the health of a sound body, but did oft times serve as sharp spurs, and loud sounding Trumpets, to make Foreigners arm themselves that they may make themselves masters of so great wealth.

XI. That in their insolences and extravagancies, they should by no means relie upon their subjects love, which was as soon lost by using an impertinancy, or by a distaste given, as it was won by a courteous or li∣beral action. Neither should they build upon their peoples former pa∣tience; for that the minds and humors of men did change and vary with Times, Places' and Persons. That therefore they should not wax proud of their peoples being grosly ignorant or that they were altogether un∣armed, nor should they presume too much upon them; for there was ne∣ver any Kingdom yet, which was not very full of such unquiet, ambiti∣ous and male-content Nobility, as would serve for sure guides to blind people; and for learned School-masters, who would teach ignorant peo∣ple the important precept, and the seditious doctrine, that to come out of the laborinth of the slavery of Monarchy, which was governed on∣ly by insolency, and the irregular fancy of a hair-brained Prince, like These's, they must follow the clew of arms; which was more dangerous to a Prince, for that despair caused in people by such proceedings, though they were weak, unarmed and ignorant, would make them find arms, courage and judgement in every corner.

XII. That they should wear the powerful Militia of boundless Em∣pire (which the Laws will have Princes to have even over the lives of men, for terror of the wicked) by their side, for the security of such as good; but that they should never make use of it, & that they should free∣ly deliver up such as were guilty, to the power of sacred Justice, for the ranker of hatred and revenge was never a whit lessened by inflicting cruel torments upon the guilty. That therefore to the end that Delinquents might appease their so incensed souls, even at the bitter point of death,

they should let all favour in criminal causes proceed from themselves; and that the sword of justice should be onely exercised by their Magi∣strates.

XIII. That in laying on of Taxes, as great caution as could be should be had to such things as tended to the feeding and cloathing of the poor, who live out of the sweat of their brows; and that they should lay the heavier impositions upon such things as belonged to the delights, luxuries and superfluities of the wealthy, who living idly upon their rents, minded nothing but great gaming, and inventing new vices.

XIV. That above all things, they should be very careful, that all pub∣like provisions should be modestly exacted, and by discret parsonages; for it hapned oft times, that people were more troubled with the condi∣tion of him that gathered the taxes, and the violent manner of gathering it, then with the tax it self.

XV. That they should use all possible industry in feeding the com∣mon people with bred, the Nobility with degrees of honour; and that to arrive at so happy ends, they should suffer free commerce amongst their subjects of selling and buying the fruits and incomes of their lands, and the gain of their Traffick: but that they should be very careful to fill their State-Magazines with corn, and all things necessary for the life of man, bought and brought in from foreign parts; which was a rich and happy Traffick, which paid Princes the use of a hundred for one, when by the great plenty occasioned thereby, they had lost their principal.

XVI. That for the better content of their Nobility, who always thirst after glory and honor, they should confer places of Magistracy, and other chief dignities onely upon the Noble subjects of their States. And that they should keep, as from fire, from giving them that mortal wound, which had caused woful subversions in the greatest Kingdoms of Europe, of admitting foreigners into places of imployment, thereby to inrich and aggrandize them, and of exalting mean and ignorant persons to a higher degree then the jealousie of the State will bear, meerly out of their capretious affections; and that in a particular of so great concern∣ment, they should imitate the wisdom which wise nature had taught dogs, who cannot endure that a strange dog should come within the doors where they live, onely out of fear that they should steal their ma∣sters favour from them, which they are very jealous of, and that bread which is deservedly their due for having by their continual watchfulness, kept the house in safety.

XVII. That in the Edicts which they should publish, they should imi∣tate well governed Commonwealths, the end of whose Laws is always seen to be the common good, not private interest, as it is often found to be in Principalities.

XVIII. That they should for ever banish from out their houses, those Flatterers, Buffouns and Minions, who do so stain the reputation of any

great Prince; and that they should not onely be inamored of the ver∣tue, worth and merit of their Magistrates, and deliver themselves wholly up unto their power, but that they should even worship them.

XIX. And because to be cast in suits, did redound as little to the re∣putation of private men, as for Princes to go to law with their vassals, and carry the cause against them, be it right or wrong, all such disputes should be first made known to men learned in the Law, and commence no suit, wherein their right did not evidently appear to all men. And that to free themselves from the stain of rapine and tyrany, they should ap∣pear more content when they had not onely lost the cause, but were con∣demned in damages, then over-joyed when the sentence went on their side.

XX. That answerable to the custom of good Commonwealths, the ultimate end of their thoughts should hereafter be the peace and quiet of their States, which makes the people that enjoy it so happy; and that they should vent their over much ambition in acquiring the singular glory of well governing their people, which God hath given them, and not to affect other mens Dominions by fire, rapine, and the effusion of mane blood. That they should make poormens faults pecuniarly punish∣able; but that they should punish proud wealthy men in their lives, making them pay composition of blood, that they might make the whole world see, that they punishmens faults out of zeal to justice, not for greediness of money; he being a great enemy to publike peace, whom riches made proud, and spurred him up to commit faults.

XXI. That they should endeavour to effect the good and vertuous living of their subjects, more by their own examples, then by rigour of law, it being impossible to keep people from committing those faults which their Princes are addicted unto.

XXII. That in the Government of their States, they should not use that carelessness which is proper to Princes who possess great Kingdoms, or that too exact diligence which doth so disquiet the people, and which is usually seen in Princes, who having great wit, command over a little, State, but that they should sail with the safe north wind of Nequid Nimis.

XXIII. That they should punish onely great •…•…aults with the rigour of the law▪ and seem not to see, or take notice of little ones, or (as be∣comes Princes who govern men, not Angels) freely pard on them; that for faults of a middle sort, they should use such punishments as were suitable to the misdemenors; and that they should shun, shewing them∣selves too severe in punishing at the present, to deter future excesses; that they should chi•…•…fly study that the Princes clemency might clearly be seen in the punishment of any guil•…•…y person, either in mitigating the pain, changing the punishment, or by pardoning confiscated goods.

XXIV. That private injuries, as well as publique offences should always be vindicated by the cha•…•…table arm of justice; and that when

any of their subjects should offend them, they should not hate the whole family, but onely the party offending, with whose punishment their an∣ger should cease, and should shun the custom of preserving rancor, and of transmitting those eternal fewds and immortal defiances to their heirs, which making men dispair, were not onely very dangerous to Princes, but made Monarchies be hated.

XXV. That all of them should as soon as may be, endeavour to free their people from the disease, which so much molests their minds, afflicts their bodies, and consumes their estates of the eternity of law suits; and that of all things they should keep themselves from that foul fault of reaping profit out of yearly revenues, that so they might shun the pub∣like hatred which they would incur, when people should see that these so great disorders served only for Leeches, to suck money out of the very bowels of their afflicted people, who finding no greater hell in this life, then the torment of pleading, and of being in the hands of ravenous Judges, Advocates, Notaries and Sergeants, it was the duty of every good Prince, rather by his own expence to free his people from being so pilled and pooled, then to make use of them for a rich, though very wicked commodity.

XXVI. That they should preserve such grain, oyl and wine, and other things which appertain to the food of man, as grew in their dominions, yea even in years of greatest abundance; and when their was much su∣perfluity of them, and should by no means make sale thereof to foreign Nations; for since no man can secure himself of the next years plenti∣ful harvest, Princes could commit no greater folly then to be blamed for that scarcity which even God himself sends.

XXVII. That the greatest advantage which Commonwealths have over Monarchies, lying in their being free from the impediment of wo∣men. All Princes should keep their wives, and all other women of their blood, from having any thing to do in Government, or in publike affairs; as those who by their indiscrete and avaritious proceedings, had caused sad Tragidies in many Principallities. And that they should firmly believe, that the great Polititian Tacitus, had never said a greater truth then Non imbecillem tantum, & imparem laboribus sexum: sed si licentia adsit, saevum, ambitiosum, potestatis avidum. Tacit. 3. Annal. That it is not onely a weak sex, and unfit for business; but if permitted, cruel, ambitious and greedy of power.

These Articles being agreed upon, and sworn unto, the same Lord Chancellor heartily desired the Monarchs of the Diet, that (to the end that the world might not see the scandalous example of the States of Holland and Zealand) they would quite lay aside all other whatsoever kind of private interest; and that if (as they were obliged to do, both out of wisdom and State-policy) they would give no assistance to the Spaniards, so as they might the better witness to the world, that it was impossible for rebellious people to purchase liberty by seditious arms; that they would not at least assist the Hollanders and Zealanders, it

being great folly, and very bad counsel, to precipitate or overthrow their own affairs, by so shameful an example, to the end that they might dis∣compose the affairs of other men. All these Monarchs, with a won∣derful consent, answered the Lord Chancellor (so possitively can Princes, who are born, brought up, and have continually lived in the Tiberian art of Simulation, promise that with their mouthes, which their heart never dictates to them) that that should by all means be done, which they in private knew they would never execute.

The VII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The People of Phocides treating how they might rise in Re∣bellion, by reason of the relation which their Ambassadors made unto them, who were formerly sent to Apollo, to pray that their Priviledges might be observed: The re∣medy fittest to be applyed to such a disorder, is discust in his Majesties Royal Council.

IT is not to be believed, how much the Inhabitants of Phocides were incensed, when they heard the relation which their Ambassadors made, who were sent by them to Parnassus, by reason of the breach of their Priviledges; for they could not endure that to boot with the pre∣judice of loss of priviledges, they should be scornfully treated, like boys. Wherefore horn-mad with anger, they stormed, and freely profest that they would by arms defend the priviledges of their Countrey, and that even with the loss of their last drop of blood, they would therewith en∣deavor to recover their lost liberty; and that if any thing of ill should befal them, they should deerly pay for it, who were about to enslave them. The nevvs of this sedition was soon brought to Apollo; and the business was argued many mornings in his Majesties Council; and though some of the chief thereof said, it was requisite to dispatch away immediately a Legion of Poets to Phocides, who might keep that in∣censed people in obedience; yet the opinion of Isabel Queen of Spain pre∣vailed, who for the excellency of her wit, hath deservedly the prime place in that Council. She said, that to provide soon for the prevention of insurrections in States, which were wholly in slavery to their Princes, was excellent Council; but that in such States, as by reason of many large priviledges, lived in a medium between slavery and liberty, rather then to prevent them with dangerous remedies, it might be wisely done, to tarry till the disorders were begun, whereby wise Princes might much advantage themselves; for then they might justly take from them all those priviledges, which are sharp thorns in the eyes of those that go∣vern.

The VIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

A great controversie arising in point of Precedency, between the Prince of Bisagnano, and Dr. Juliano Corbelli of St. Marino. Apollo refers the consideration thereof to the Congregation of Ceremonies, by which it is decided.

A Difference arose a while ago in point of Precedency, between the Prince of Bisagnano, and Iuliano Corbelli, Doctor of Law at S. Marino, a little Castle in Romania, but very famous for the great Pre-eminency of liberty which it enjoys, for it is governed like a Com∣mon-wealth: and though the Doctors pretensions were so despised by the Neapolitan Barons, as it was thought presumptuous, yet was not Corbelli any whit discouraged; but appealing to Apollo, his Majestie re∣ferred the business to the Congregation of Ceremonies in Parnassus; be∣fore whom the Prince scorned to appear, complaining, that in a cause which was so clear on his side, he should be made to appear in judge∣ment against a man born in so base a Countrey, as produced nothing but Swine-herds, he himself being an illustrious Neapolitan Baron. Yet lest sentence might be given against him for his contumacy, he was forced to acquaint the Congregation with what he had to alledge for himself; who having very diligently perused the evidences produced by both parties, gave judgement six days since on the Doctors side, who being born in a Free-Countrey; was (as they said) to walk hand in hand with Kings; much more to be preferred before a Neapolitan Ba∣ron. Then, as for the Fee or Tribute which the Prince possest in Bisag∣nano; they said, that it was declared by a decree made long before by his Majestie, that he did truly deserve the name of Prince, who obeyed no King; not he who in anothers Lordship, commanded over poor vas∣sals, by vvhom he might be daily accused, abused and persecuted in Court Leet, and other Tribunals; in which case the titles of Prince, Duke or Marquis was no real thing, but a kind of false Alchimy, which was very like those glass eyes which squint eyed people wear to honest the ill-favouredness of their faces, not to make them see; then, as for his noble blood, upon which the Prince, being descended from the noble family of Sanceverini, did ground his best pretension, they said, that the Congregation did not at all consider it, the clear Testimony of the Anatomists being produced by the contrary party; wherein it being clearly proved, that the bones, nerves, flesh and bowels of men were all made after the same manner, it denoted evidently that true Nobility vvas placed in the brains, not in veins.

The IX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo publ sh•…•…th a very severe Edict against some Littera∣ti, who under a cloak of feigned piety, cover downright a∣varice.

APollo finding for certain that a new race of wicked men are sprung up in Parnassus, and in his other States, who though they have made Gold their Idol, yet to cover their unquenchable thirst after rich∣es, do so confidently make use of the cloke of feigned goodness, as they have dared to exercise the devilish art of hypocrisie bare faced; his Ma∣jesty to provide for the indempnity of those silly ones, who think all to be gold that glisters, and of those blockheads who cannot discern an Eel from an Adner, by an Edict of his published on Tuesday last, doth in the first place affectionately exhort all souls living, to walk by the so beaten way of honoured Antiquity, of bene vivere, & Laetari; which proceeds from Gods great grace to good men; assuring every one that men may win favour from God, and good will from men, even amongst great rich∣es, if they be honorably gotten, and well distributed: Wherefore he exhorted all men, that forgoing fiction, and all manner of double▪ dealing, as things which gave an ill savor even to good things, and which made mens devotion appear hypocrisie, they should live with that purity of soul, and that candidness of manners, which made even stones look love∣ly, much more men; and that if there were any one, who would by a holy life make that profession of piety, which is so suspected in men who have avarice joined to their great riches, that their devotion should by all means begin from the contempt of money, distributing it out unto the poor, and laying it out in pious works; which if they should not do, they should be held from those crafty companions who make use of piety more to deceive men, then to please God.

The X. ADVERTISEMENT.

The City Pretor, or Chief Iustice of Parnassus, complai•…•… bitterly before Apollo of the Triumviri; a Magistracy newly instituted by his Majesty, That in an Edict of theirs published against Mignus and other Ministers of Princes obsenities, they have violated his Iurisdiction.

APollo having learnt by many sad examples which have hapned, that Printing, which it is to be believed, was at first by Divine Councel suggested into the Cavalier Iohn of Mentz, only to facilitate the lear∣ning of the most illustrious Sciences, to such as are desirous of know∣ledge, is made use of by wicked men, not onely as an excellent in∣strument to staine mens minds, with impiety, obsceneness and e∣vil speaking; but that ambitious men serve themselves thereof for damn'd weapons to make people rebel against their natural Princes: Apollo, I say, by wholsom and Divine Councel (as the event hath shewn) did many years ago institute the remarkable Magistracy of the Triumviry, whose Office it is to send such books as are infected with impiety, sedition, and such obscenities as corrupt good manners, to the Pest-house. This Ma∣gistracy some three daies ago, under pain of grievous punishment, sent express command to all favorits, bawds, flatterers, and others whom their Princes do Idolize, who live desolutely, that they should not dare any more to stir out of dores, to the end that these monsters of nature might not (to the great scandal of good men) be seen to go so vain-gloriously trampling the street upon their pacing horses, and in their rich Coaches, as if they triumphed over the world, who by their lewd manner of living, having extorted those rewards from vitious Princes, which are only due to deserving men, are not worthy to eat bread. The City Pretor made a great complaint to Apollo of this novelty, accusing the Triumviry of having exceeded the bounds of their Authority, and very much in∣trencht upon his Jurisdiction. The Triumviry were immediately sent for by his Majesty, who defending their cause exceedingly well, said that they had by length of time clearly learnt, that certain obscene living books which walked up and down the streets, caused greater scan∣dal in well composed minds, and free from all pollution, then did Ma∣chiavil, Bodin, Aratin, and other writers of wickedness, and obsceneness, which were found hid in many Libraries; a disorder which ought the ra∣ther to be corrected, for that the wicked manners of living men, made a much greater impression in mens minds; then the filth that was read in dead Authors, whose damn'd writings many forbore to read, out of meer abhorition of such things, many for fear of offending God, and of being punisht by men, many for that they had not many of those forbidden books, or for want of curiosity, or love of idleness; but that men of ho∣ly lives, much against their wils, and not without offence, were forced to

read, study, contemplate, and honour these Bawds, Flatterets, and other Ministers of vitious Princes, who neither cared for Gods honor, nor their own reputation, who were scandalous two leg'd books, which were daily seen to walk the streets; and that he must be armed with more then humane vertue, who would not be contaminated and scandalized to see the sole aspects of these hateful men.

The XI. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Inhabitants of Phocides fall into open Rebellion, by rea∣son that the Priviledges of their Country are not observed by Apollo's Officers; they are pacified by a Senator, and send new Ambassadors to his Majesty.

THe Polititians precept is very true; That people who have lived long in a half Liberty, with large priviledges, are very hardly reduced to tollerate whole slavery. This is said, because the uproars of Phocides occa∣sioned by the not observancy of their priviledges (as you heard at large by the last Post) have still increased more and more, in so much as on the ninth of this present month, more incenst then over, since such satisfaction as was desired, was denied them by Apollo's Officers, the Phocidians took up arms, and running through the City, cryed out, Liberty, Liberty. When the chief Magistrate of Phocides, much troubled at such a novelty, desired a Parley of the people that were in arms, who when they were all assem∣bled in the chief Piazza; tis said, that the uprightest and most experienced Senator of Phocides spake thus;

The most dangerous enterprise (my most beloved Phocidians) which Subjects can undertake, is to grow stubborn, and rebel against their Prince: For Princes are not so merciful as to pardon injuries of so high a nature; which though they sometimes forgive, they never forget; Whence it is, that such excesses never pass without their condigne pu∣nishment: For as it falls out in all offences which are either through wisdom winkt at, or pardoned per force, they are in their due time and place, the more severely revenged, by having their vindication retarded to a more opportune time. And God deliver us, and all other people that suffer such calamities as we do, from those cruel revenges, which Princes who are offended in State-affairs, use after long meditation to take, against their disloyal people; and rebellion is so far from being forgotten (even by most merciful Princes) as an amendment of many hundred years loyalty cannot so cancel it cut of exasperated minds, but that the memory of such signal injuries are transmitted over to the twen∣tieth generation; since by their importance they infuse such diffidence into him that reigns, and such suspitions as occasion perpetual odium be∣tween the Vassal and the Soveraign Lord; from whence afterwards

the great disorder ariseth, as that natural subjects, which are no other then the Princes beloved children, and therefore ought to be treated with terms of fatherly love, and governed by Laws of Charity, are re∣puted cruel enemies, conquered people, subjugated by force of arms; and therefore according to the politick Precept, treated like slaves: Which things at last produce that great inconvenience, that even lawful Princes, grievously moved by such hainous offences against their re∣bellious subjects, become cruel Tyrants. I (fellow Citizens) speak not now as an Officer of the Prince, in aggravating the condition of our slavery, but as one who would produce peace in this our Country; and if you shall not think my councel good, I will willingly be one of the first who will joyn with you in your resolution, being better con∣tented to err with many, then to be wise with a few. But before you proceed further in a business of such importance, I earnestly intreat you, and heartily beg of you, even by these tears which fall so abundantly from mine eyes, that you will maturely consider, that for the most part, popular insurrections meet with unfortunate ends: Which happens not only because resolutions in so weighty affairs are taken in hot bloud, when men are most incenst, and when mens minds are most incombred with the foolish passion of fury, whereas they ought to be put on in cold bloud, and when the mind is most maturely setled; but because upon such like occasions, rash and precipitous councels are more willingly im∣braced and listned unto, then such as are mature and quiet. For with people that are up in commotion, he is alwaies thought wisest, who is most adventurous, and he most zealous of his Countries Liberty, who adviseth to things most headlong. Here (beloved Citizens) is a busi∣ness in which consists the total of our safety, the good of our children, the happiness of our Country, which ought to be so dear unto us, being all of them things of great importance, wherein surely we ought to proceed with much circumspection, since repentance will not serve the turn, •…•…nce the punishment of such a sin is never pardoned, but the infamy thereof indures for ever, and the danger of punishment grows then greatest when the Prince hath taken a thousand oaths to pardon it: For Princes think it no shame, nor breach of word, to revenge re∣bellion in their subjects, though it be pardoned, but great honour, and an obligation which they owe unto their honours. We know for cer∣tain that Apollo will take from us those priviledges, which we are bound to defend with the effusion of our blouds, and loss of lives▪ great is the injury that is done us, and such as ought by no means to be suffered by us, who upon other occasions have proved our selves to all the Vertu∣osi of Parnassus, to be resolute; the injury his Majesty doth us, is noto∣rious, and peradventure fit to be rescented; but in revenging offences given, and in preventing such as are feared, we must be sure to pro∣ceed so, as not to fall upon such resolves, as may be more prejuditial to us then the loss of our priviledges, which now we go about to de∣fend by force. For very foolish and unfortunate is that rescentment which brings with it more loss and shame then the injuries which are de∣sired to be vindicated. A most true rule, which admonisheth us not to enter upon so dangerous a game, without assured hope of overcom∣ing; for unpardonable injuries ought either never to be done to any whosoever, more especially not to powerful men, or upon certainty

that they can never be revenged. I urge this, for that whosoever puts on the fatal resolution of taking up arms against his Prince, must be sure to have sufficient forces of himself to resist his Princes power, or so rea∣dy and lustly forein aids as may secure him from being supprest. We (my fellow Phocedians) know very well our forces are but weak; and that no Prince will assist us; it therefore appears to me to be a horse∣like piece of beastiality, when we find our selves fast bound to the Char∣ret, to kick against the wheels, and so spoyle our legs. It is rash folly to doe that which brings with it certain and severe punishment: We may truely say we have been assaulted in the streets by those rascally Officers who thirst after the goods of their fellow-subjects, who would take from us the rich Jewels of our Priviledges; they are armed by the Princes power, we unarmed passengers; will it not then be unwise∣ly done of us to exasperate them by resistance? Tis great wisdom wil∣lingly to part with our Jewel so to save our lives. The minds of Prin∣ces who are born and brought up in the ambition of reigning, are al∣waies in motion, are continually working, nor are they ever quiet till they get total domination over their subjects; and it is an experienced proposition, that all things are loosned with the same cords wherewith they were bound; and it is very observable upon this our occasion; for if it be true, that we must all confess, that Princes grant priviledges to their people more out of necessity, and when forced so to do, then out of free will; who is he that knows not that it is the same necessity which keeps them from breaking them? And doth not every one know that the effect cannot keep on foot, when the cause faileth? Apollos desire of depriving us of our priviledges, ariseth not (as we complain) from dis∣courtesie, not from ingratitude, not from falcifying his word, but from the alteration of this our afflicted Country. Phocides (as you all know) confined formerly upon the ignorant, who are capital enemies to Apol∣lo and his Vertuosi, and therefore were we honored with the gift of Pri∣viledges which we now endeavor to defend; the which he gave us (as it is usual with Princes to do) because we had lately, of our own accord, put our selves under the Dominion of Parnassus; we are now by pro∣cess of time become natural subjects; and (which hath more impaired our condition then any thing else) we are, by the Litterati's dilating their Dominions, become no longer confiners, but inland inhabiters; all which things gives us to understand, that Princes observe other mens priviledges inviolably, as long as the cause why they were granted remains.

By these things which I have told you (my beloved) you may know that your taking up arms of rebellion, will, as they usually do, aggri∣vate their evils, who have boldly, but unwisely taken them up. But before we proceed further in these our tumults, I earnestly desire every one of you, not to mind so much the just reason which we have to re•…•…sent the apparent injury which is done us, as the unfortunate end which this our insurrection will have: For men cannot more maturely shun com∣mitting errors, then by meditating long upon the evils which they may produce. And above all things, I straitly conjure you all to remem∣ber, that non tantum est Decora Victoribus Libertas; quantum intolle∣rantior servitus iterum victis. Tacit. lib. 3. Annal.

This Senators perswasions prevailed so much with these inraged peo∣ple,

as after a short consultation, four Ambassadors were sent to this Court from the Senat and people of Phocides, who presenting them∣selves this morning before Apollo, told him, that the people of Phocides, who were his Majesties most devout servants, having learnt at last, that nothing can be more foolishly nor more rashly done, then for a servant to capitulate with his Master, found that the priviledges, exemptions, and immunities which people owe unto their Princes goodness, were nothing but occasions of scandal, and seminaries of discord between the Prince and his Vassals; that therefore the Phocidians being very unwilling that any thing should fall out between his Majesties love, and their loyalty, which might hinder their delight in their Soveraign Prince, did volunta∣rily renounce all priviledges, immunities, and exemptions formerly granted them, and that with all the humility that became most devoted Vassals, they did only presume to put his Majesty in mind, that Princes who did command their subjects lovingly, were alwaies faithfully served by them.

The XII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Whilst some Poets paralleld the greatness of Rome with that of Naples, a dangerous dispute arose between them; A∣pollo, to the end that his Vertuosi might know what to say and believe in a business of such importance, commits the Cause to the Rota of Parnassus, who decide it.

VVE hear from Pindus by Letters of the tenth of this present month, that some Poets speaking before the Perepatetick Por∣tal, of the greatness of the City of Rome, in comparison of that of Na∣ples, Luigi Tansillo let these words fall from his mouth, That the Su∣burbs of Naples was bigger then all Rome; which petulant falshood be∣ing gainsaid by Caro, he gave Tansillo the Poetical lie; That the Nobili∣ty of Parthenope being thereat much incenst, would have used violence to Caro; who being succoured by the Marcheggian Poets, his Countrey∣men, both parties fell to prohibited Rhimes, and even to Sonnets with stings in their tails, with which they were likely to have made a bloudy bickering, when the City Recorder, who was soon advertised of the up∣rore, sent Mutio Iustinopolitano speedily thither, who did not only quickly appease the tumult, but made both parties pass their words not to offend each other. And because the Litterati have formerly taken up arms upon the same occasion, and therewith caused bloudy business, A∣pollo, to the end that for the future men might know how to speak and believe touching these two great Cities, committed the cause to be con∣sidered on by the Rota di Parnasso, whom he commanded suddenly to fall upon the business, and to decide it. Wherefore upon several daies

hearing of both parties, the Rota three daies since publisheth this decis∣sion.

Coram reverendo patre Domino Cino, die 10 Maii, 1612. Domini una∣nimes tenuerunt. That the City of Naples should alwaies yield for Ma∣jesty to the City of Rome, and Rome to Naples, for pleasantness of situa∣tion. That Rome should confess there were more people in Naples, and that Naples should firmly believe there were more men in Rome. That the Wits and Wines of Naples had need to be sent by Sea to Rome, to receive perfection in that Court, and to be made more pleasing to the pallat of gallant men; whereas the Roman only was perfectest at home; as one which without ever going out of the City, might be said to have travailed all the world over. That Naples should be held the Metropoli∣tan amongst all Cities of the Universe for breaking of Colts, and Rome for managing of men: That there were more Cavaliers in Naples, in Rome more Commendums. That in Rome they only deserved the title of Cavalier, who bore the badg upon their Cloke; whereas all the Gen∣tlemen of Naples, without having any badg upon the Cloke, were de∣servedly called Cavaliers, the Cross which they bore upon their naked skin, making them sufficiently worthy of so honourable a prerogative.

The XIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Theodoricus, that famous King of Italy, having ofttimes prest very much to be admitted into Parnassus, is al∣wayes denied by Apollo for a very important reason.

THe powerful King of Italy, Theodoricus, from the very first day that he came upon these Confines, hath by several Ambassies con∣tinually prest Apollo that he might be admitted into Parnassus, but still in vain; for as oft as the proposal was made, he received a favourable de∣nial: Which put him at last into such a rage, as he had the boldness to burst forth into these blasphemous words, That Apollo was partial in ad∣mitting such great Princ•…•…es into Parnassus, who by their vertuous acti∣ons had merited eternal fame, since many Princes were seen to have glo∣rious places in his Court, only because they had governed petty Princi∣palities in Italy; and he who for many years had had the whole and sole Government thereof, was shamefully kept out.

When Apollo had heard the complaints of so great a Prince, he gave him to understand by the Delfick Chancellor, that he should do well to be quiet; for to be plain, he did not think him worthy admittance into Parn•…•…ssus; since the world ought to thank none but him for the horri∣ble Atheism which was of late introduced in many Provinces of Europe; for whereas the doubts about Religion risen up amongst Divines, were after some dispute cleared, and their errors taken away by the Councels, which were made capable of declaring what was truth, and were all extir∣pated out of the world, by making bonefires of such as were obstinate.

When he, as the head thereof, took upon him the protection of the wick∣ed Sect of the Arrians, he did not only turn Heresies, which require whole Armies to root them out, into Interest of State, but with un∣heard of affrontedness, he made the whole world see, that he made use of heresie, to work division amongst people, to weaken Princes who were his enemies, to have adhearers in his neighbours States, to make himself head of new Sects; and to steal away the hearts of other mens subjects; and that in his heart he had no other esteem of holy Religion, but as of a powerful means, and excellent way to obtain Government.

The XIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo, according to his usual custom of the first day of eve∣ry month, hears the Petitions of such as desire to be admit∣ted into Parnassus.

APollo thinks nothing more unworthy of himself, then to retard, though for never so little a space, the deserved reward of glory from those Vertuosi, who by their learned writings have deserved eternal fame. Whence it is that his Majesty doth not only give such continual audience as is requisite, to such Litterati who have occasion to desire ad∣mittance into Parnassus, but hath deputed many ages ago the first day of every month, for the examination of their writings and persons, wherein all other affairs being laid aside, he only attends that business. 'Tis true, that not to profane those vertuous places of Parnassus, by bringing there∣into such as have not been yet adjudged worthy of so honorable an aboad, the solemnity of so famous an action is not cellebrated in his Majesties u∣sual Residence or Palace Royal, but without the walls of Parnassus, in the famous Phoebean field, where yesterday morning, being the first day of September, great store of Pavillions being erected for his Majestie, for the Illustrious Muses, Prince Poets, and learned Lords of this Court, Apollo attended by a glorious Train, came very early to the appointed place, where without any delay, Commencement was given to the busi∣ness. It is not to be believed how great a concourse of Litterati of all professions, desirous to purchase so honorable an habitation; appeared there that day: In so much as his Majesties Guard, who are strictly charg∣ed to carry themselves civilly to all men, had very much to do to keep back the infinite number of those who prest to be admitted into the Au∣dience. And though the number of pretenders be infinite, yet such are the indowments which are required at their hands who are to be admitted into such an habitation, as there are but few that attain their desired ends: For in this affair, where neither the favour of friends nor yet riches avail any thing, his merit who is to be admitted into the fruition of so great a happiness is weighed very censoriously in a just scale. Here, before he pass further in the narration which he is to make, Menante must acquaint

all those who will read these his Advertisements, with Apollo's usual and laudable custom, never to begin any action of importance, without first using some of those Acts of Grace to his Litterati, which makes Princes be so beloved by their people. You must all know then, that before a∣ny Writer, or Illustrious personage, who in his life-time hath done any action worthy of eternal fame, be admitted to make his request known, the Heads of all Sciences appear before Apollo, who draw forth each of them a Ball from forth a well closed Urne, where amidst as many other Silver Balls as there are Sciences, three only Golden Balls are placed, with this order, That they who have the luck to draw forth the Golden Ball, shall enjoy the Noble Priviledg of nominating what Vertuoso of their profession they best please; to whom (yea though he be yet alive on earth) Apollo doth by particular favour give that immortallity, and e∣ternity of fame, which is usually only granted to such who have put a pe∣riod to their humanity: A custom certainly as noble as profitable, and altogether worthy of his deep judgement, who brought it into this State, as that which serves for sharp spurs to those thirsty souls after glory, who by their honorable writings, or signal actions, have purchast that fame which is the first rise, and utmost bounds of every vertuous soul. So as since Apollo doth liberally reward the pains and merits of his Vertuosi before their due time, 'tis no wonder if they so greedily affect the preti∣ous coyn of eternal fame, as they think it great consolation, to consume themselves in continual managing their pen, and even killing themselves with perpetual study, esteeming it great and honorable usury to pass by some few years of their present life, to purchase that eternity which will make them live gloriously in all future ages, in the memory of men.

The first who had the good fortune to draw the Golden Ball out of the afore-named Urne, was Francisco Berni, the head of those Italian Poets who have wittily written facetious things in Triplets. The second was Petrarch, the Prince of Italian Lyrick Poets: The third Cornelius Taci∣tus, the chief of Politick Historians.

Francisco Berni being gotten up upon a very high seat which is set of purpose in that place, for such like affairs, said with a loud and audible voice, That the prime man in these present times for pleasant Triplets, was Girolomo Magagnati, the flowry wit of Venice, whose savory rhimes he read in publick, and were much admired, not only by all the Litterati of Parnassus, but by the Illustrious Muses, and by Apollo's self: and divers of the Litterati taxed Berni of imprudency, for that having pro∣pounded a personage of such eminency to Apollo, he was not aware that he might peradventure nurse up a Serpent in his bosom. But both Apol∣lo and the Muses, and greatest part of Poets did commend Berni's inge∣nuity even to the skies, who like a loyal and honest Florentine, could prefer another mans merits, though with hazard of his own repu∣tation.

After this, when they came to voting, all the Litterati were favoura∣ble in their voices; wherefore the Delfick Chancellor proclaimed aloud, Eternal fame, and endless glory to Girolomo Magagnati; at which words the whole Colledg of Vertuosi did with general applause answer Placet. The writings of so fortunate a Poet being consecrated to eternity, they were delivered out in a Bason of Gold to all the publick Libraries from whence they were afterwards with the accustomed ceremony, to the Del∣fick

Library. But because the Illustrious Ferdinand, Cardinal and Duke of Mantua had taken La Boscareccia Clomira, the last and best of Magnati's Poems into his protection, Apollo, in favour to so learned a Prince, who was a publick lover of Learning, and a liberal Mecenas to the Vertuosi, would have so lovely a Pastoral appear in his presence; wherefore Berni, the solicitous promoter of all this business, came pre∣sently to the dore of the Pavillion, and took that fair maid by the hand, who being waited upon to the Court, not only by the rest of the Noble Princes, and learned Mantuan Barons, but even by great Virgil's self, was likewise attended by Dametas, Corridon, Titerus, Niso, Mirtillo, and other famous Shepherds of Arcadia, together with their fair Nymphs; a spectacle so acceptable to his Majesty, and so pleasing to the Muses, and to the whole Colledg of the Vertuosi, as they did not remember that they had ever received any greater consolation. When the fair Clo∣mira was presented to Apollo, she fell down at his feet, and adored his Royal presence; and then rising up to the Muses Throne, she humbly kist the hem of their garments; then returning to her place, she undaunt∣edly related all the misfortunes of her love, which she had suffered to attain the marriage of her beloved Igeta. Then Apollo, having greatly praised the constancy of so lovely a Shepherdess, fell to expatiate him∣self upon the commendations which she deserved, for having preserved her chastity untoucht, in her so long peregrination, though cloathed in mans aparrel, in this so corrupt age. Whilst Apollo spake these words, a voice was heard, which amongst the infinite number of Vertuosi who were flockt together to see this delightful sight, said these identical words; If she should come into our Country, she might bid her virginity goodnight. The most excellent Pietro Vittorio, one of the publick Censors, rose up then, and asking who it was had been so rash as to ut∣ter such misbecoming words in that sacred place, commanded that he should be found out. Apollo, with his a•…•…customed gravity, admonished the Censor, that it became good men, even by wresting the words, al∣waies to interpret another mans sayings in the best sense, it being the signe of an ill affected mind, to understand those things sinisterly, which might admit of a good construction; and that he who had spoke so, de∣served rather to be thanked by the Judges, for the severe correction which he gave to the wicked men of his Country, then to be reprehend∣ed: That therefore he who had received publick admonition, should a∣mend his manners. And this being said, gave order that an honorable place should be allotted to the faithful Clomira and her beloved Igeta, a∣mongst the other famous Shepherds of Arcadia. Then Berni drew from forth his bosom, Magagnati's special Writ of Proxie, and gi∣ving it to the Delfick Chancellor, first kneeled, and then in Magnaties name took the Oath of Allegiance which is wont to be given to all the Litterati who are judged to deserve place in Parnassus. Wherefore Ber∣ni, in the behalf of Magagnaty, swore, That as he formerly had done, so for the future he would make it appear by his actions, that he did believe with his heart, and profess by his mouth, that mans true wealth lay in pos∣sessing the rich treasure of knowledg; that he would in all places, and at all times, shew himself to be an implacable enemy to the Ignorant, a rea∣dy friend to the Vertuosi. And this being said, his Majesties Lord Trea∣surer came to Berni, accompanied by the chief Exchequer Officers of this

State, who by the agreement made by the Lord Chancellor, obliged his Majesties Royal Delfick Treasury, that when the pleasant Tersets, Clo∣mira, the life of St. Longinus, La Vernata, La Meditation Poetica, a Noble Panegyrick upon Cosmo the second, great Duke of •…•…uscany, and the other elegant Works of the Vertuoso Giorolimo Magagnati should be lost either by fire, deluges, or any other imaginable way, Apollo should out of his own Royal Patrimony, alwaies keep the name and fame of so famous a Poet alive and glorious amongst men.

The solemnity of this Covenant being ended, the famous Petrarch mounted the same Chair; and turning towards Apollo, said, Sir! The most polished, neat, polite Writer which we in these times have of I∣talian Lyrick Poetry, is that reverend Father Don Angelo Grillo, a No∣ble Vertuoso of Genua, whom I so much glory to have amongst the number of my followers, as I find a particular ambition in me, that I may now name him in this place, and in this age, wherein the Guidiccioni, the Bembi, and my beloved Iovan di Casa failing, and all the rest of the most observed former Italian Poets, nothing is usually seen in the modern ones, but a certain natural abounding vein, without the solidity of those Poetical precepts which put a difference, in the opinion of the Litterati, betwixt the Verses of one that is born a Poet, which are sung on the sodain, from those which such Vertuosi who having study and art joyned to the natural Talent of Poetry, are continually filing, and by candle-light severely censuring their Composures. This being said, every one might perceive by a certain humming that was heard amongst the Litterati of so honorable a Senat, how much every one was pleased at the nomination of a personage of such splendor: Wherefore Apollo, in whose face great joy might be discerned, said to Petrarch, Well be∣loved! you have named a Vertuoso who is indeed worthy of your choice, and who•…•…ly conformable to our desire: And though we love Don Ange∣lo dearly, and consequently wish such length of daies unto him, as he him∣self desires; yet great is our curiosity of quickly enriching this our Se∣nat by the purchase of so cryed up a personage; to the end that my Ver∣tuosi may see and know how they are qualified, who deserve to be be∣loved by stones, much more by men.

Then the Rime Morale, Pietosi affetti, Pompee Funebri, and other sa∣cred Poems, together with the Prose of so flourishing a Wit, being read in publick by Petrarch, they for their delicacy deserved so the publick praise, as (though it were unusual) the Senat not being able to tolerate that where there was so much worth, Votes should be given in privat, Viva voce, vivisque suffragiis, Immortality was with extraordinary ap∣plause granted to the name and writings of the reverend Father Don An∣gello Grillo, with all the solemnity of Proclamations, Oaths and Allegi∣ance, and the Lord Treasurers obligations before mentioned.

Petrarch being retired to his own place, Cornelius Tacitus mounted the aforesaid Chair, but with great trouble of soul to his Majesty, the Muses, and the whole Colledg of Litterati; for, remembring that after the entrance made by so miraculous a writer into Parnassus, so many ages ago, he having enjoyed the prerogative of taking out the Golden Ball 46 times, he had never had the fortune to name any Latin Historian who might be truely stiled a Polititian, they were very much troubled that modern Histories, which write the naked bare narration of things, should

want that Politick salt, which makes the Reading of History very de∣lightful, and him very wise and Learned, who delights in such like stu∣dies.

But wary Tacitus being much pleased with the trouble which he per∣ceived to be in them all, said to Apollo, At last most serene Monarch of the Stars (though to my great affliction, it hath been long first) that hap∣py day so much by me desired, is come, that my detractors, who have im∣puted the failing or want of Politian Historians of my Classis; to my harsh, short, and therefore obscure stile, to my defect of alwaies joyning the reason of things, to the things written; a way of writing which they said was shun'd as vitious and rash, rather then not imitated for its difficul∣ty, shall have reason to know their great error, and to be quiet, when at this present time, in that famous Court of Rome, which having alwaies been that true Trojan horse, hath sent forth continually Heroes of singular vertue, and more then humane valour, there lives an Elegant Po∣litick Historian at last, a well relishing Latin Writer of the Annals of his times, one who for the shortness of his stile, for his frequent Sentences, for the pith of Policy, his handsom way of Narration and document, and for knowing how in the very Narratives, to shew in two words, the oc∣casion thereof, hath known how to imitate me so, as for the grace of this Senat, and for the glory of the Liberal Sciences (far be all boasting from these my expressions) I will not call him by his own proper name of Pau∣lus Emillius Santorius, a famous Prelat in the Court of Rome, but I will boldly term him another Tacitus. It is not to be believed how over∣joy'd Apollo and all the Litterati were, when Tacitus nam'd one who was as acceptable to them, as the imitaters of Tacitus are rare to be found. So as Tacitus having with a lowd audable voice read the Annals of so delight∣som an Author, they gave such satisfaction to ever one, as with publick and gracious suffrages, the name of Paulus Emillius Santorius, was judg∣ed by the Colledg of the Litterati, to deserve the same Immortality of Fame, and the same glory, with which Maximus Cornelius Tacitus had formerly been honored. When Tacitus had given the accustomed Oath of Allegiance, and the Lord Treasurer had performed his part for the greater security of the Immortality of so famous a Writer, an end was put to t he nomination of such Writers as were yet alive. Whereupon they fell immediately to the admission of such Litterati as had arived at Parnassus, after their deaths, for the writings, and actions which they had done whilst they were living.

The first then who presented himself before Apollo, was Marius E∣quicola, who spake thus unto his Majesty, I (most gloricus Prince of Planets) very well know my own affrontedness in pretending for the rich reward, and pretious Patrimony of that eternal fame which they enjoy, who you think worthy of the glorious patrimony of Parnassus, by my weak endeavors in those my writings, wherin I was made to shew the na∣ture of Love; but the great benignity which your Majesty useth towards the lovers of Learning, doth so largely supply the smallness of mens me∣rits, as I do thereby dare to crave the exorbitant usury of receiving much, for the little that I give.

When Apollo had heard the request of this Vertuoso, If you have brought nothing else with you (friend Mario) said he, then that little volume which you have there of the nature of love, I am sorry that I

must tel you, you have taken pains to no purpose; having laboured to shew the world the nature of that love, which is so well kno•…•…n to all men, as that there is not any one that knows not in some sort how to conceal it; you might have deserved a chief place in this my State, I tell you, if you had bestowed your labour in writing the nature of hatred, which every ignorant common person knows so well how to palliate with the name of good-will, and cover with the false cloke of love, as the world is full of the complaints and appeals of those unfortunate people, who for having trusted too much, exclaim of being assassinated by their friends.

Marius Equicola departed much afflicted from the Court, by reason of this his Majesties resolute answer, next to whom came Sforza Oddo, a fa∣mous Perugian Doctor of Law, who laid at his Majesties feet, his com∣pleat Treatises, Della Compendiosa sostitutione, and Della restitutione in Integro, and the Volumes of his learned Conciglis; which in a short, but pithy Oration, he desired might be consecrated to Immortality. This Litterato was very acceptably and graciously received by his Majesty, and by the Colledg of the Vertuosi; but, but little honour was done to those his Works; not for that they were not compleatly learned, but for that Treatise of Law being of very little esteem in this State, Sforza was only admired for the sweetness of his disposition, and for his being very much verst in all the most commendable Sciences. Immortality was therefore, but coldly, and with weak applause decreed to Sforza, and to his writings; and when he had taken the accustomed Oath of Alle∣giance between the Chancellors hands, he was told by the Master of the Pegasean Ceremonies, that his business being ended, he might be gone. Sforza replyed, that he could not, nor ought not to be gon before his Majesties Exchequer was bound to keep his name and fame alwaies alive in mens memories, as he had seen done to Magagnati, and others. A∣pollo hearing this dispute, he spake thus to Sforza; Know most honor∣ed Litterato, that I willingly bind my Royal Exchequer, for security of perpetual fame to those my Vertuosi who are admitted into Parnassus; but this belongs not to Doctors of the Law, with whose writings I out of good reason proceed otherwise; for knowing that the infinite volumes of modern Lawyers, have put those Laws into so great confusion, in the clearness and perspicuity whereof mans greatest felicity lies, as to end suits which are made everlasting; the capricio s of privat men are more imbraced and followed, then the Decrees of Princes, and in the multi∣tude of the variety of common opinions, the opinions of writers are ra∣ther imbraced then weighed: I foresee that within a short time Princes will be forced to free mankind, afflicted by so great disorder, with extir∣pating out of the world the writings of those Iurisconsulti who by their infinite cavilings, have turned the administration of sacred Justice into an execrable Merchandize. Wherefore I should too much injure my Ex∣chequer, if I should oblige it to keep the fame of those infinite volumes written by the Doctors of Law, perpetually alive, which I foresee for certain will shortly all be burnt, as being publike prejudicial enemies to mankind.

Sforza, by reason of this unexpected answer of Apollo, looked very pale, and being much afflicted, reassumed his Writings consecrated to im∣mortality; and putting them under his left arm, took from out his bo∣som,

three excellent Comedies made by him, De Morti vivi, and Della Erofilamacchia, and della Prigione d'Amore: Andshewing them to his Maj∣held up in his right hand, said; Most Illustrious Prince of the Zodiack, I rather desire to obtain certain Immortality amongst the Italian Comick Poets, then that of the Doctors of Law, which, as your Majesty hath said, is so manifestly exposed to the danger of fire. I am so delighted with the sight of this so glorious abode in Parnassus, as I will not leave any thing unindeavoured, that I may never depart from thence. I there∣fore humbly beseech your Majesty not to think me unworthy thereof. Apollo then commanded the Vertuosissimo Alexandro Picolommeni, called Lo Stordito Intronato, the Prince of Italian Comick Poets that he should acquaint the Colledg of the Litterati with his opinion of those commo∣dities, which Picolommini having done, and therein highly exaggerated sforza's wit, Immortality was again decreed unto him, by all the Litte∣rati of Parnassus; and all the aforesaid solemnities being performed, Sforza departed very much joy'd from the Royal Audience.

Giovanni Desp•…•…uterio, a Dutch Schol-master, presented Apollo next with his Grammer, and earnestly desired to be admitted into Parn ssus. To whom Apollo answered, That being cloy'd with so nausty a genera∣tion, by reason of the musty, mouldy disputations and questions which daily arose in Parnassus, between the Pedanticks, he was resolved rather to lessen their number, which was grown too great, then ever to adde any one more to them, that therefore he might depart when he pleased. Though Apollo had so clearly excluded Despauterius, yet was not he a whit discouraged; but with a Pedantick petulancy, answered, Sir, if your Majestie shall please to give such satisfaction to my demands, as I desire, I am so far from intending to displease your Majestie, or any of your Litterati in Parnassus, as I promise and oblige my self to teach my easie Grammar to all such children as shall come to my School Gratis. Appollo replyed, That he was not the first, who under pretence of so charitable a work, had intruded themselves into Parnassus; that Donato first, then Guarin, Scopa and M•…•…rcinello next, and many other Gram∣marians, who by their excessive number had so defiled Parnassus, had made use of the same fair pretence, who being afterwards grown wealthy by the profuse liberallity of their Schollars Parents, whereas their large Donatives, ought to have encouraged them in so good a work, they con∣trary to all mens expectation, had wrought the contrary effect; for be∣ing already become rich, as soon as they saw they could live plentifully upon their own incomes, they abandoned their profession of teaching, and impiously spurn'd at that charity which seemed first to be so deeply graven in their hearts; so as such being become unuseful in Parnassus, were a visible incumbrance to him, and to his Litterati. Apollo fur∣ther added, that notwithstanding all that had been said, that he would willingly allow Despauterius an abode in Parnassus; but upon condition, that whensoever he should shut up his school, he should restore all the moneys to the Parents, which he had taken for instructing their chil∣dren. When Despauterius had heard this proposal made by Apollo, he, without further replying, made all the haste he could out of the Court; and answered Iohn Baptist Guarina, who reprehended him for his shame∣denying to accept of his Majesties offer, That it being usual with all men to be soon glutted with any one, and to love new things, the usual

custom of Curtizans, to put forth part of their moneys which they had got in their youth, to keep themselves thereby from being necessitated to turn Bawds when they grow old, was more then Platonick wisdom, and therefore worthy to be admired and imitated by every one. And that it became a wary man, so to consider his own interest, together with his charity used to his neighbour, as that that love failing, wherewith all men were at last cloy'd, a man might live commodiously of himself, without running the hazard of being forced to beg his bread when he should be old and decrepit.

Dispauterius was no sooner gone from the Audience, but Olao Magno the curious Writer of the Gothish affairs, and of the other Northern Nations, and the Historian of so many famous Kingdoms of China, came joyntly thither; who when they had presented their writings un∣to his Majestie, made the usual request That they might be consecrated to immortallity. Then Titu, Livius the Soverain Prince of Latin Histo∣rians, who was appointed by Apollo to give his opinion of them, did mainly oppose them, accusing them for fabulous, and rather written to shew their own curious capacious inventions, then the solid truth which he was obliged to do, who would deserve the name of a perfect Histo∣rian. All the Litterati to whom Apollo also referred it, joyned in this opinion with Li•…•…y; for they thought it a very scandalous action to ad∣mit of the slack compositions of those vainly curious wits, who had fill'd their writings with incredible things, and therefore meerly fabu∣lous, amongst the strict Historical writings. Onely the Polititian Ta∣citus differed from the opinion of Livy, and of the other Historians, who said, That these men who had described, and recounted the acti∣ons of the most remote Northern Nations, and of the furthest Eastern people, ought not to be proceeded with, with such rigour, as was exact∣ly observed with those who wrote the Histories of known Nations, and neighboring people, for that with every one, Omne Ignotam pro Magifico est, Tacit. vita Agric. and that it was very true, Majoracredi de ab•…•…n∣tibus, Tacit. lib. 2. Hist. This opinion of Tacitus, though it were singu∣lar, was approved of by his Majestie, whereupon the Northern Histo∣ries, and those of China, together with the names of their Authors, were with the wonted solemnities consecrated to eternity. 'Tis true, that Apollo told Olao, that by all means he must moderate the greatness of those Northern Eagles, which prey'd upon Elephants, and carried them up into the ayr; which appeared so disproportionable to him, and his Colledge of Litterato's, as it would not be born withal, no not in Plinies mouth. And he said to the Author of the China History, that he should reduce the immence Metrapolitan City of so many Kingdoms, inhabited by many millions of men to some credible measure; and par∣ticularly, that he should bring the Palace of that King, which he had affirmed to be many miles long, to such a form, as Vitruvius should not laugh at him for it, saying, that if that building were so great as he had described it to be, the Halls must needs be half a mile long, and the Chambers little less; which if it were true, the whole Academy of Ar∣chitects had reason to say, that to bring the meat hot to the table, the servants of so great a King must ride post.

These two mens business being ended, Thomaso Bozio entred the Court, a noble Aggobine Vertuoso, no less famous in the Court of Rome for

his sanctity of life, then for his learning, wherewith he was abundantly endowed; and was therefore received, and looked upon by Apollo, and by the whole Colledge of Vertuosi, with extraordinary demonstrations of love. This so famous personage presented Apollo with his learned writings, De signis Ecclesiae Dei, and his other noble pieces, which were all of them exceedingly praised and celebrated by the Censors. They onely said, That in his book Deruinis Gentium adversus Machiavellum, there were many things observed, which deserved to be censured and corrected, in that wicked writers desperate policy; but that notwith∣standing, since they saw not that there was any the least mention made in all that book, of the ruines of any Nation or people, they were of opi∣nion that those words De ruinis Gentium should be cancelled as superflu∣ous, and placed in the Frontispiece of the book, onely to make the title more stately and glorious. This Caveat of the Censors was so readily pursued by Apollo, and the Colledge of Vertuosi, as Apollo complained very much of the great abuse of many writers, who to make their works seem more learned and curious to others, do fraudulently give them glo∣rious and stately Titles, not minding that they were very far differing from what was contained in their Works: A cheat which being only committed for the advantage of the Book-sellers, to make the Books more vendible, was much like the falshood of those Merchants, who sel∣ling their Corn in sacks, lay the worst and rotten stuff in the bottom, and cover it over with very good grain which they put at the top: And the Writers who were truely Vertuosi, ought to think, that noble matter, learnedly handled in the bodies of their Books, did render their Titles (though not so curious) as famous as a Title unlike the matter treated on, did infinitely shame whatsoever elegant Composition. Apollo having said these things, Immortality (according to the custom of this Court) was graciously granted to the Name and Writings of this renowned Litterato.

Bozio's admittance into Parnassus being had, as hath been said, an Ita∣lian Poet appeared before the Pavillion where Audience was given, on horseback, with a guide before him, who that he might come time e∣nough to the daies solemnation of admittance of the Litterati into Par∣nassus, had taken Post at Corinth; this man, as soon as he got off horse∣back, presented himself before Apollo with his boots and spurs on; to whom he delivered a Book of Songs made by himself; and then desired that the glory of eternal fame might be decreed to his Name and Stan∣za's. It is not easily to be believed with what joy this Litterato was re∣ceived by the whole Senat: Wherefore Apollo having received his Song∣book with shew of extraordinary affection, as soon as he had read certain Madrigals, and Sonnets full of lascivious and obscene conceits, he, as if he had had a Serpent, or some other perilous beast, threw the Song-book into the midst of the room; and afterwards growing very red in the face, through anger, Go (said he) and publish these your lascivious Ri∣baldries in the Stews and Bawdi-houses; for in my State, which is the habitation of all chaste Vertue, such Ruffion pieces as this are not admit∣ted. I myself (and I glory to speak it in this place have been a lover, and consequently I love amorous Poetry; but this must be when love is handled with such terms of civility by modest Poets, which I so much admire in my most modest Petrarch,: Nor can I sufficiently wonder

how some modern Poets can be so shameless as to make use of Learning, which was wholly brought into the world to sow vertue amongst men, therewith to teach others the use of wicked lust; and the practice of every most detestable vice: Nor can I imagin how it can be possible that any man should be so sullied with the sluttery of uncleanness, as that he dare publish those obscenities with his pen, in clear day-light, and in the sight of the whole world, which are committed by libidinous men, not with∣out blushing, and remorse of conscience, in the dark, secretly within sheets in close Chambers; and that they do not only not acknowledg such slips to be actions which bring with them eternal infa∣my, but that they are grown so blind, as that they hope to win same un∣to themselves, and purchase eternal glory by those things which deserve perpetual punishment. Apollo had not made an end of speaking, when the unfortunate Poet went out of the Hall, and he and his guide getting upon the same horses whereon they came, left Parnassus as fast as they came thither: And to his greater scorn, his book, which no man durst touch with their hands, as if it had been infectious, was by the publick Aparators kickt out of the Court.

In this interim a base Mountebank forced the Guard at the dore of the Pavillion, and with a Box which he had under his arm, and a Dog which he led in his hand, entred the Court; the dore-keepers ran immediately to keep so unworthy a fellow from coming before his Majesty, and ta∣king him by both the arms, pluck him out of the Pavillion: The Moun∣tebank being very strong, strugled hard to keep in, and cryed out aloud that he would be heard: Apollo was sorry to see the poor wretch so hand∣led, and commanded the Souldiers to forbear further troubling him; the Mountebank then spread his Cloke upon the ground, and opening his Box, drew forth a great sheet of Vellum, at which a large seal was hang∣ed; and shewing it to his Majesty, to the Muses, and to the Colledg of Litterati, said, Sir, To prove that the Sope which I for the general good deliver out to every one, to take away whatsoever stain of shame or disho∣nour (unless it be the disgrace of having married a whore) out of the vest∣ments of peoples reputation, is miraculous, and the only thing in the world; let all men behold this my priviledg, granted me by the invin∣cible and alwaies glorious Prince, Charls the first, King of France; who thought this my secret worthy so singular a favour, only because I took a∣vvay that great spot of Oyle from off his Royal Robe, with this my sope, not any waies injuring the stuff, which Ariadeno Barbarosso threw upon it. Wherefore I earnestly beseech your Majesty, and all those who are in this consecrated place, that my commodity may be fully tryed; and if every one find it not to be the rare thing which I have said, I desire it may im∣mediately be burnt. Apollo seemed to be much taken with the vivacity of this bold mans wit, whom he asked what his dog was good for? The Charletan answered, That the modern world being become sensual, he gathered company together to hear him, with this his dog which could shew tricks. If it be so (said Apollo) this your occupation seems to me to be much like to the catching of birds; for you with your prating play the fowlers part who whistle; your sope is the bait which is put upon the bird-lime, your dog the owle, those that hear you and believe you, the guls, who leaving some feathers of small money in the bird-lime of your Merchandize, makes your Quarry good. But since you are unfortunately

falne upon this place, where such as you are, are but little credited, and your commodities not like to go off, for that my Litterati have no stains at all in their aparrel, do me and my Vertuosi the pleasure to see your dog play: The Charletan obeyed, and made his dog, which was singu∣larly well taught, shew many tricks, which it did so handsomly, and with such understanding, obeying whatsoever his Master bad him do, as he seemed to have human sense. The graver sort of the Senat wondred very much to see Apollo waste the time appointed for businesses of such weight, in looking upon such trivial pleasure, especially since his Majesty seemed to be much delighted with the dogs tricks, which continued a good while: But their wonder turned soon into admiration, when Apol∣lo, whose property it is to extract excellent documents, and useful pre∣cepts, even out of the vilest things that he looks upon, cryed out, Oh the glory of Knowledg! Oh the great felicity of my Illustrious Vertues! the only rich patrimony of mankind: O my dearly beloved Litterati, rejoice with me, cheer up your hearts, since now you see with your eyes, the great power of Knowledg, the worth of Science, when a little knowledg which a man hath been able to teach a dog, is sufficient not on∣ly to make both him and his Master live plentifully, but to cause him to enjoy the greatest content which can befall a large soul, of seeing the world, and getting good gain thereby, and yet there be some who value them not, who despise them, and persecute them as being preju∣ditial.

The Mountebank being liberally rewarded, and dismist by order from Apollo, a Vertuoso appeared before his Majesty, who whilst he lived in the world, by reason of his pleasant pregnant wit, and his graceful comport∣ment, having been the delight of the Roman Court, was by all men known to be that Baldo Cataneo, who was so admired by the Vertuosi of that Court, for his pleasant witty conceits, and his gravity in more se∣rious affairs, both in Prose and in Verse, as he deserved the munificent Allessandro Peretti Cardinal Montalto for his liberal Mecenas. This Poet presented Apollo with the first Canto's of his Argonautica, a Po∣em composed by him in eight lined Stanzas; and bitterly bewailing his misfortune in dying in the flowre of his age, said, his death was for no o∣ther cause displeasing to him, save only that he must now lay before his Majesties feet, that immature fruit of his brain, which if he had lived longer, he hoped would by increase of years have been so perfected, as it would have been more then meanly pleasing to the Litterati: Which calamity was the reason why for his small desert, and by reason of the mis∣fortune of this Poem, he now desired that Immortality unto his name, of meer grace and favour, which he had hoped to have been able to have challenged of right and justice. Apollo with great humanity, but in words and gesture, answered Cataneo, That both himself, and all the Ver∣tuosi of Parnassus were very sensible of his immature death, both bad him comfort himself in the benign Laws of Parnassus, since thereby for the better encouragement of his Litterati, the good mind, and vertuous intention of his beloved Poets being had in more regard, then the quality of the Compositions which they brought to Parnassus, they gave with the same liberality the reward of intire Immortality, to Poems which were but begun by the pregnant brains of the Litterati, and which were interrupted, not by lasiness, but by death, as if they had been brought to their full perfection.

Thus was Immortality favorably decreed to the Name and Writings of Baldo Cataneo, who being with wonted solemnity, placed by the Ma∣sters of the Pegasean Cerimonies, amongst the demi. Gods who enjoy the signal Prerogative of Immortality to their Names and Fames; a Lit∣terato appeared in the Royal Audience, who by his Gown, after the Grecian fashion, and by the evident signe of his beard, was known by the greatest part of the Senat, for that famous Timotheo Greco, who having gaged his beard about the dispute of a syllable, with Francisco Filelfo, that famous Poet of Marcha, it was by the severe Victor cut off; where∣upon all the spectators began again to laugh, and greatly to wonder how Timotheo, who had never been very wise, had so much to his prejudice, dared to present himself in that place, to demand a Residence in Parnas∣sus, which is only granted to the Litterati of highest esteem. Yet Timo∣theo, spake boldly thus to Apollo: I may truely say I have been rather a lover of Learning, then that by my perpetual study I may have deserved the name of a perfect Litterato, though I come empty∣handed before your Majesty, and I dare demand a place in Parnassus a∣mongst your Litterati; yet I hope I shall not part from your Royal pre∣sence, without receiving some favour from that your immense benignity, which doth largely reward the bare intense desire which men have of knowledg. Timotheo was upon his knees (as the custom is) whilst he made this his Petition to Apollo, when (a thing that was never at any time before observed to be done to any personage how eminent soever) his Majesty beckned to him to stand up, and bad him be covered: And then commanded, that according to the custom, the Senat should give their suffrages touching Timotheus admittance: The Litterati, who had but an ill opinion of Timotheo, and therefore were sorry to see him enter the Court, firmly believed, that by the extraordinary favour done to one whom Filelfo had so affronted, his Majesty would try the stedfastness of his Senators opinions in giving their Votes; and whether they would be diverted by his extraordinary usage towards any whosoever: Where∣fore they did not only all of them joyntly give him the repulse, but ma∣ny of them shewing themselves more zealous of the glory of Parnassus then they needed, said freely, that the great affront put by Filelfo upon Timotheo, did not only mark him out to every one for an ignorant per∣son, but for a great babler, a thing which his Majesty and the whole Se∣nat did much detest. You my faithful Litterati (answered Apollo) have given a very ill Judgement of this my Vertuoso, one, than whom (and let not this be offensive to any one) mine eyes never beheld a more glori∣ous personage, and to whom the glory of eternal Fame, with all the most priviledged prerogatives, ought rather to be given. O how signal, how immense, how praise-worthy was the glory which thou (my dear Timo∣theo) didst get in the loss of the wager which thou didst lay with Filelfo, how much ought it to be commended, admired, and rewarded by me, and by these my Litteratio more then all the actions ever done by any whoever thirsted after glory. Thou art he alone, who to this day hast known how, by keeping constant to thy Oath made, and by making good thy word, to purchase that Crown of glory of maintaining pro∣mise both to God and man, which most commonly is so abusefully mea∣sured by the compass of Interest, both by Princes and privat men, as there can no so strict form of Oath be found, no faith whereby to bind

men, from which they cannot tell how to acquit themselves, not only by a thousand evasions, but even by affronted impiety. Thine then Ti∣motheo, be the chief and most honorable place of this my Senat; and let all men learn by the glory which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 this day adjudge thee worthy of, that men win so much honour by constantly keeping their word when it is once given, yea though it be prejudicial to their own affairs; as glory is by all men esteemed beyond comparison, greater then the love of any thing that is earthly.

This was the end of fortunate Timotheus his business, when Ferdinan∣do of Aragon, the Catholike King of Spain, appeared with great gravity in the Court, and attended by a great many Lords, who complained grievously, that it being a hundred years since he had earnestly prest to be admitted into Parnassus, he could never obtain his desire; and that it was not only he alone, but even all those that knew him, that thought it a great injury done him, to be denied that abode, which was easily grant∣ed to many that were inferior to him, both in merit and State. Apollo answered King Ferdinando, That it was the antient custom of Parnassus, that Princes who desired to be admitted into his State, should be chosen by the Votes of the Litterati of their own Nation, as those who knew best their Kings deserts, and that he would by no means break those or∣ders which by so long a concourse of time had still proved good; and then his Majesty having commanded that they should again go to their votes, he in a grave manner minded the Nation of Arragon, how strait∣ly she was bound, both to God and man, to weigh the merits of her Kings, with the ballance of a soul free from all passion: The Votes be∣ing given, they were all found to be negative; for which reiterated in∣jury, Ferdinando being highly incensed, Sir, said he; Can then such a King as I be so ill dealt withall, and scorned by his ungrateful Nation, without being able to receive remedy for such injustice, for so manifest injury from Apollo's self? What other Nation, either in antient or modern times, is there in all the world, which ought to acknowledg it self more obliged unto its Prince, then is Arragon to me its King, and so great Benefactor? who from that obscurity of fame which every one knows she was in, have made her to be held in high esteem by all the Na∣tions of the earth, by the glorious union which I made between the pow∣erful Kingdom of Castiel and her, by Queen Isabels Marriage. Whilst King Ferdinando with strange alterations of mind, said these things, it was observed that some of the chief Arragon Senators shook their heads, which he, taking to be done to his yet greater disgrace, grew so incenst, as Apollo observing it, to avoid some foul inconvenience which might ensue thereupon, made him aware of his great error, which blinded with passion, he committed in that his Cause; telling him, That Princes did then make their Nations great and powerful when they united them to an inferior Nation (as the Kings of France had done by the important acquisition of Britany) and not to a more numerous and potent King∣dom. For in the first case, by aggrandizing her Empire, men made their Nation Mistriss; whereas in the other, by lesning her Dominion, they made her a slave.

Whilst King Ferdinando departed the Audience, no waies appeased by this his Majesties wise answer; to the great admiration of the whole Colledg, a Sparrow-Hawk came flying into the Court, and lighting up∣on

the publick Chair, infused wonder into all the spectators, who took it for some prodigious thing, which signified some great matter. And the Souldiers of the Guard running to drive her out of the Pavillion, his Majestie commanded them to let her alone. Then the Roman Au∣gures or Southsayers rose up and desired Apollo that they might inter∣pret that Augury▪ Apollo laught at the request of those vain men, and told them, that futurities were so hidden by immortal God, from men, as he was a meer fool who pretended he could foretell them by the fly∣ing of birds, or any such like thing which hapned by chance; and that if they would make use of their Art of Augury, by their ordinary inter∣essed ends of making ignorant men more obedient and ready in the exe∣cution of such things as they desired, shewing them that the will of God concurred with mans command, they should know that Parnassus was no aboad for such fools as could be whirld about by the holy and sa∣cred pretences of malitious interessed men. Apollo having said these things, and great silence insuing thereupon, the Hawk spake thus: That Vertue which is thought to be only peculiar to man, is not only known by other Animals, but loved by them, and greedily imbraced, is clear∣ly proved by the aptness which is seen in birds, to learn several tunes which they hear sung by others, and by their learning to speak like man; by the corveting and dancing of four-footed beasts, and by other things which they see, or are taught, the which they do as gracefully imitate, as they do easily learn. This truth (most glorious Prince of the Planets) is sufficient to make the wonder cease in all those that hear me, why I, a savage bird, who live by rapine, and am therefore thought to have a cruel heart, and to be fiercely minded, should desire the so happy and blessed aboad of Parnassus. To adorn the soul with vertue, the desire of good conversation is not only infused by God into men, who are in∣dued with an understanding able to know all things, but into all sorts and conditions of Creatures: And since I very well know that those are only admitted into Parnassus, who by their words and acts, either have taught, or are able to teach holy precepts, good doctrine, and ver∣tuous things, I certainly may with much reason pretend to be thought very worthy to live in these fortunate habitations. I know that all these glorious Litterati will grant me, that mans subsistence, that the good beginnings, better progress, and best end of all vertuous life depends upon the education which parents give their children; this as necessa∣ry, as badly known Science of breeding up children well, is notwith∣standing very ill practised by men, and very well known by the instinct of nature to bruit animals: I, if it may stand with your Majesties ap∣probation, am come to instruct in Parnassus; listen therefore Gentle∣men, and admire; Amongst us birds there is no more immense love then that which children bear to their fathers: but I find mans igno∣rance to be so gross, that amongst them the greatest enemies which children have, are their fathers: For the unbowel'd love which they bear unto them, is more prejudicial to them, then is their enemies impla∣cable hatred. Love even to ones own children, hath its bounds and limits, which those who exceed, occasion ruine to their children; and that you may judge of other animals, by the example which I shall shew you of us birds; we do so affectionately love our young ones, as to feed them upon urgent necessity with flesh torne out of our own breasts, is

not our utmost charity to them; but we do notwithstanding (as men un∣fortunately do) love them when they are old; but by the wise instinct of nature, only so long as they must of necessity be fed by us; for when we find their claws begin to grow sharp, and their wings strong, the first fit for prey, the other for flying, we use the last and most perfect bounds of charity in not loving them any longer; not for that that pater∣nal affection which lives in fathers even after their childrens death, ceas∣eth to be amongst birds, but because that infinite affection of parents to do what is best and most convenient for their children, requires it should be so; the love of fathers to their children is not only useful, but ne∣cessary; but only so long as they are not able of themselves to get their living, and harmful, and directly pernitious, if they assist them when they are able by their own labours and industry to live plentifully of themselves: For certainly mens children would be very industri∣ous, if their parents would only love them till that time which God hath prefixt unto us, and that they would do like me, who when I see my young ones can fly currantly, I shew them hedges full of Sparrows, that they may live plentifully: So men, when their children are be∣come men like themselves, should shew them Princes Courts, and chief Metropolitan Cities, wherein much business is transacted; to the end that they might maintain themselves not like idle and unusefull lumps of flesh buried in sloathfulness, and total ignorance, but by their own vertuous industry. Apollo having heard so necessary a lesson for men, after having highly praised the Sparrow-hawk, and deputed it a safe and honourable place in Parnassus, he said, Now at last, my belov∣ed Vertuosi, we find clearly, that the immortal God having infused full and perfect wisdom into bruit-beasts, for what concerns their preserva∣tion and propagation; the true Philosophy which makes men wise, and to which by continual study and speculation they ought to attend, is to observe their natural instincts, and diligently to practice them in what concerns themselves; for so they might lead their lives happily, not by the capriciousness of several sects of Philosophers, so far differing in opinion amongst themselves, but by living according to holy and pru∣dent natural precepts; and as it would be a foul disorder if birds, and other bruit animals should feed their children till they grow old in their nests and dens; so it must be confest that parents do very ill, who ta∣king more care how to accumulate wealth and riches for their children, then to leave them the pretious and alwaies permanent patrimony of Learning, which fire cannot consume, deluges devour, nor Tyrants take away, instead of breeding up men that may be useful for their own Fa∣milies, and serviceable to their Countries, and to the world, do most un∣fortunately breed up unuseful and vitious lumps of flesh, who not know∣ing wherein else to spend their lives, girting their swords about them, that to the end that they may appear true Gentlemen, imitate those un∣fortunate pismires, who are then sure to fall into rain, when they put on wings. For it is evident that those great patrimonies which are got by Learning, are ruined by the use of Arms.

Thus said Apollo, when the famous Philip Commines, Lord of Ar∣genton, appeared before his Majesty, and shewed his Memorials to the Senat of Litterati; and then desired, that together with their Author, they might be consecrated to Immortality. When Argentonne had

made his demand, Apollo commanded Titus Livius, Prince of the Colledg of History, to give his opinion upon Argentons Memorials; who said, he saw no reason why that French Lord should desire that his Writings should be placed amongst the Learned Labours of Histo∣rians which were preserved in the Delfick Library; since there was in them no gravity of stile, no strength of eloquence, no good contexture of times, no frequent Sentences, no Orations, nor any other thing wor∣thy an indifferent Historian: But that he having woven these his Memo∣rials according to the vain fantastick way of Romance, in sundry Chap∣ters, wherein are handled the weighty matters of fact, between the two glorious and potent Princes, Lewis the twelfth, King of France, and Charls, Duke of Burgony, the first known by all men to be wise, the o∣ther valiant, he thought him fitter to be placed amongst the Writers of Romances, then in the Historical Classis. Apollo was so little satisfi∣ed with this Relation of Livy, as not without some commotion of mind, he answered, Livy, those requisites which as I perceive by your relation, you think ought first to be had in consideration in a perfect Historian, are those which I think ought to be considered last in my Vertuosi. History is meat not only well seasoned to please the curious pallat, but substantially and magnificently served in to please the soul; and therefore more respect is to be had therein to profit, then to pleasure: And you are very much deceived if you believe, that to the study of History it be requisite to have a neat polite phrase, either in Latin, Greek, French, or Italian; the sole end of so honorable a study, is to come by that wisdom, which is only drunk in by the reading of past affairs. And though I highly commend your stately stile, and Ce∣sars so polished speaking, yet I would have you know, that those things which you hold the first; are the last in a perfect Historian. Truth is the soul of History, which makes it long liv'd, and well esteemed of a∣mongst men, as also the knowledg how to explain the deep Councels, most secret thoughts of Princes, all the cunning Intriegoes used in times of peace and war, in the Government of their States; which though they be written in poor Law-Latin, affords such content to vertuous minds, as doth eternize his Writings, who hath wit enough to weave such Histories. And amongst these I esteem judicious Commines the chief, and doe not only think him very worthy a place in Parnassus, but command that the first place amongst French Historians be assign∣ed to him.

It grew now very late, and Apollo having taken great pains in listning to the reading of so many writings, and hearing so many requests, was very weary; when Berni, Mauro, Molza, and other pleasant and jovial Poets, to make his Majesty merry, brought a Poet into the Court, so sordidly aparrelled, with his clothes all tattered, and smelling of smoak, as he was not unlike a Chimney-sweeper: This man having moved great laughture in the Senat, came before Apollo, to whom with a rude discomposed reverence, he presented a very greasie Poem. His Maje∣sty asked him who he was? who answered, That he was the Author of the famous Poem di Bovo d' Antona. Apollo seemed then to have heard of him, and told him that he was the Ariosto of Ballad-makers; Apol∣lo listned then so attentively to one whole Canto of that Poem, scowl∣ing sometimes, as he made all men wonder that his Majesty could so

much as cast an eye upon so foolish a thing. Apollo, who observed his Litterati's amazement, said, that he much admired that Writer, whom they so much scorned and laught at, since knowing so little, he had the courage to write so much. A thing which might make many of them blush, who knowing much, had writ little: And that the excuse made by many was very naught, and altogether unbecoming a Vertuoso; That there was no more need of writing Verses, since Princely Virgil had writ, that matters of Physick being treated on by Hippocrates and Galen, ought not be toucht upon by any others; and that he spent his time in vain, in writing about the Mathematicks, who had well considered Eu∣clids writings; for there was no book which had not somewhat of good in it; and that conceits and doctrines were found in many Latin Poets, in more writers of Physick, and in some Authors of the Mathematicks, which did not only equal, but exceed any in Virgil, Hippocrates, or Eu∣clid; and that he hated some wits, who having noble Talents in several Sciences, able to eternize their names, did cloke their sloathfulness, and hatred of writing with the name of modesty.

But when Apollo gave order to Platina to take that greasie Poet in∣to his Pastery to make him clean, to the wonder of all men, all the bels of Parnassus were heard to sound an alarm, and presently after Mu∣tio Iustinopolitano came out of breath into the Court, and brought the dreadful news, that the Monarchies and Commonwealths of all the world being falne at ods, a bloudy battel was likely to insue, unless some speedy remedy were found out. Apollo, though at the very instant hearing of this so sodain chance, he was able of himself to put on a reso∣lution worthy of his own wisdom; yet in a business of such danger, he would hear the opinion of his Council of State, though tumultuary gi∣ven. And though most were for quenching the sparkles of so dange∣rous a fire, with the usual guards of the Palace, with two legions of Saty∣rical Poets, and with the Pretorian Lyrick Souldiers, and that his Maje∣sties Royal Person should be reserved for a more urgent remedy, when all other hopes failed, yet Tacitus his sole opinion prevailed with Apollo, who resolutely said, Ire ipsum, & opponere Majestatem Imperatoriam de∣buisse, cessuris ubi Principem longa experientia, eundemque severitatis, & munificentiae summum vidissent. Tacit. lib. 2. Ann.

Wherefore Apollo marched speedily toward Parnassus, where the ordinary Guards of Provincial Poets, and the Company of Curasiers of Italian Litterati, who were in all haste sent before, found not only the chief streets chained up, and the Foro Massimo secured with good Corps de Guard, but the habitations of all the Monarchies and Common∣wealths well fortified, and furnisht with armed men; and the Monarchs, as well as the Consuls, Dukes, Standard-bearers, Burgamasters, and o∣ther Chieftains of Commonwealths, were even then with their Pikes couched ready to fall on: when the Princes and Commonwealths hear∣ing of his Majesties approach, bore such reverence to his Royal presence, as throwing their weapons on the ground, greatly fearing to be seen and known, fell flat down: Which made every one see how much the pre∣sence of a Prince who is well beloved and feared by his people, prevails with his subjects in such and other like cases of urgent danger. The Tu∣mults being thus quieted, as soon as Apollo came to his own Palace, he sent for all the Monarchies and Commonwealths that were resident in

Parnassus; and all of them readily appearing, he bad the Consul Mar∣cus Marcellus acquaint him with the true reason of those Tumults. The Consul said, that at a certain meeting, wherein were many Monarchs, Roman Consuls, Dukes of Venice, Florentine Confalonieri, and Dutch Burgamasters, it fell into discourse whether Monarchies or Republicks were the better Government; that Philippo Maria Vissinte, Duke of Millan, had the boldness to say, that all republicks, especially Aristocra∣cies, were insufferable Governments of many Tyrants; that the Illustri∣ous Dukes of Venice, as those that enjoy the perfectest Aristocracie that ever was, having given him the lie, all Monarchies and Commonwealths, being concerned in common by this difference, were, as his Majesty might see, falne together by the ears. Apollo was the more displeased hereat, for that by an Edict of his publisht long ago, he had commanded upon pain of grievous punishment, that this so ancient question, and which had been so often discust by the Litterati, should be no more disputed; but that every one should rest content with his present condition. Then turning to Duke Philip, who was the sole Author of this disturbance, he said, That having spoken too inconsiderately of Aristocracies, he ought to know, that well governed States were discerned from such as were Tyrannical, by their peaceable and long life; for Tyrannical Govern∣ments being alwaies full of conspiracies of the Nobles, and of the Com∣monalties rebellions, lasted but awhile, and that it might easily be seen what satisfaction the people of Venice enjoyed by the long time that that flourishing Commonwealth had lived, and by the continual peace that she had enjoyed at home: And that to make this truth appear the more plain to all the Monarchies that were there present, he would put them in mind of a business which had lately falne out in Venice, whereby every one might see with what, and with how much modest liberty people did live in that well governed Commonwealth: For Vettore Calergi, a No∣ble Venetian, having left behind him one only daughter with the rich portion of half a million of crowns; yet the marriage of this so rich maid was so modestly endeavoured by the Venetian Nobility, as her mother might quietly marry her to whom she liked best; who wisely chose Vi∣censo Gremani, a Noble Venetian, and next akin to her daughter, for her daughters husband. Now tell me ingeniously; Philip, what would have become of this young maid, if such a thing had hapned in one of your Monarchies? To answer your Majesty (said the Duke) with that ingenuity of soul, and liberty of Language as becomes this place, doubt∣lesly if such a thing had hapned in any Monarchy, such designs would have been had upon so rich a Dowry, well befitting any Queen, as with much violence (covered over notwithstanding with the cloak of charity towards the young maid) they would have imprisoned the mother, shut the young maid up into some Monastery, or other place, only to inrich some of their favorites with this great Dowry, for more then three or four such things as this, hath been done in the like case, both in Italy, and elsewhere in my time, and formerly, well vvorthy to be joyned to the Letters of Phalaris of Agrigentum.

The XV. ADVERTISEMENT.

At a publick meeting, Force (contrary to the custom of the Plebean Court) pretending to take place of Reputation: That Beautiful Lady, with excellent resolution, finds a remedy for her reputation, which was in great hazard.

IT is very well known in Parnassus, that in all publick meetings, Re∣putation hath alwaies had the precedency of Force, and taken the right hand. But it hapned the last morning when Apollo made his so∣lemn entry into Leo, Force had the insolency (wherewith he is alwaies accompanied) to contend for place with Reputation; who, had she not been able by her excellent dexterity to overcome so dangerous a rub, had certainly received some notable affront; yet was she very much di∣stasted at that her enemies petulancy used toward her. Wherefore the Vertuosi, who were wholly devoted to that most excellent Princess, in∣couraged her, and exhorted her, by no means to indure the insolency of that rash fellow; and bad her moreover remember, that she was the right hand of all Potentates, and the only instrument wherewith Princes did rule and sway the world: That therefore she should take heart, and resolve to buckle with that hairbraind companion, whom she would so bear down, with the Majesty of her countenance, at the very first in∣counter; that (as it had hapned a thousand times) she would easily throw him down at her feet. The Lady-Reputation answered those her be∣loved Vertuosi, who so incouraged her, with much meekness and civili∣ty, that she greatly cherished their good will; but that she could nei∣ther praise, nor follow their advice: Wishing them to remember, that her whole power, authority, and greatness, being grounded only upon mens opinions, which was so uncertain and various, and not upon the strength of armed men, nor upon the security of inexpugnable Citadels, she must in this her adversity, proceed with great circumspections, and ad∣mirable dexterity: And that there was a great disparity between her and Force, who though once discomfeited, might easily recover, and the second battle be made with greater strength, which would be the more dangerous for her, for that her enemy would to his former violence, add disdain and shame for the first discomfeiture; but that if it should so fall out that she should not with the sole Majesty of her Person, and Authority of Aspect, bear her enemy to the ground, or worst her ene∣my at the very first incounter; like an Elephant which falling to the ground, cannot get up again, she should be wholly rob'd of all her greatness, which purchast her the reputation which she had amongst men: Which considerations were the more necessary for her, for that she had found nothing to be more dangerous to her, then to go about to maintain that Authority and reputation in strength and vigor, by force of Arms, which was only grounded upon Opinion: But that she would provide for the indempnity of her Authority; by her usual remedies,

and would incounter force with her usual Arms, and would be sure to o∣vercome him. Then she added, that Force used those extraordinary terms of insolency against her, not because his own power was increased, but for that by reason of some privat disorders of her own, he found her not to have that Grace and Majesty which she had wont, nor to be had in such veneration by men, as formerly.

Having said this, the Lady-Reputation departed, and withdrew her self to her Chamber, from whence she was not seen to stir forth for the space of some months; but with great severity studied her amendment, banishing all privat interests for ever, clearly finding that her credit was much lesned, for having given her self too much over unto them. In the next place she wholly busied her self in sweeping with the besom of se∣vere Reformation, all sordid baseness out of her house, from whence she also extirpated avarice, over-much ambition, and all other privat, disho∣nest, and scandalous passions. This Princess having thus corrected her privat disorders, upon a certain morning when she was to be present at some publick action, she adorned her self with purity of soul, sincerity of heart, liberality, and with other her choicest vertues; and taking up∣on her the Noble Mantle of immence love to deserving persons, and of publick Charity, she appeared with such Majesty at the place where she was expected by the other Illustrious Vertues, and purchast such ve∣neration and respect from the lookers on, as even Force himself (so great was the devotion which that sight wrought in him) was seen to trem∣ble, and upon that occasion did not only give her the precedency of the right hand; but beg'd it as a high prerogative, that he might at that so∣lemnity carry up her Train.

The XVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Giovan Francisco Pico, Count of Mirandola, that he might the more quietly attend his studies, entreats Monsignor Dino da Mugello, Auditor of the Exchequer in Par∣nassus, that the Reformers, by reason of the too great noise which they alwaies make in their profession, may be removed further from his neighbourhood; and is not heard in his desire.

THe Contentions, which now are greater then ever, and more obsti∣nate between the two chief Lights of Philosophy, Aristotle and Pla∣to, having produced the two mighty Sects of Platonicks and Peripate∣ticks in Parnassus, which fill the Colledg of Litterati with troublesom disputes, and dangerous controversies; Apollo, who joies in nothing more then in the peace and quiet of his Vertuosi, imployed Giovan Francisco Pico, Count of Mirandola, and Lord of Concorde, many months agoe,

in according so important controversies, who he hears hath laboured so much therein, as that the business is already brought to some good ac∣commodation. But such a business requiring very much quiet, Pico is much molested by the House of the Reformers, which is next to his A∣partiment; for by the continual great noise which they make, in beating water with Morter, they do much annoy him; wherefore Pico came yesterday before Dino da Mugello, Auditor of the Exchequer in Par∣nassus, and desired that he might enjoy the priviledg of Scholars, in ha∣ving all noisom occupations removed from his neighbourhood. The Reformers answered Dino, that there being no proportion to be held be∣tween their reforming the ignorant, who were drowned in the dirt of so many corruptions, and the agreeing the frivolous controversies of Phi∣losophers, they ought not to be any waies incommodated; and that it was known to all men, that Princes wrought strange effects in their States, only by keeping the House of Reformation open. Miran∣dola reply'd, That he did not only much marvel, but was scandalized at the Reformers foolish pretention, the vainness of whose employment was easily known, in that their long endeavours had produced just no∣thing but infinite noise. Dino said then again with much freedom, that there was nothing more necessary, nor of greater consequence in any whatsoever State, then that the House of Reformation should still be kept open, and should make a noise, for very great was the good that redounded thereby; but that all men had not judgement enough to di∣scern it: For Reformation was not introduced by wise Princes in their States to do the world good, and to make men vertuous, but that it might serve for a curb and rampire against abuses, and to keep them from growing so powerful, as that in a few years they might overrun the whole world: Moreover it wrought the excellent effect of keeping a Prince continually in reputation with his subjects, by shewing them that he had a careful eye to the general good; for men were as well contented with their Princes good-will, as with the good effects which they see proceeds from thence: A thing so true, as the greatest error which could be com∣mitted by any that rule, was to let men see by their leaving the Reyns loose to all corruption and abuses, they cared not how the world went.

The XVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Tacitus being excluded from out the most famous Common∣wealths of Europe, makes a grievous complaint to Apol∣lo; and is by them with much honour received again, and much made of.

THough the most excellent Caius Cornelius Tacitus be esteemed the Oracle for Policy in this Court of Parnassus, and therefore is highly reputed by the greatest Monarchs of Europe, yet Envie being alwaies a ca∣pital enemy to Vertue, some malitious people by their continual ill Offices, have rendred this so illustrious personage, so hateful to most of the chastest Commonwealths that reside in this State, as some few daies agoe they joyntly forbad him their houses. In so much as the very Venetian Li∣berty, which professeth exact chastity before all others, and is farthest from suspition, shut her dore upon him the other day; for these chaste Princesses think it stands not with their honour to converse with him who is held by men to be the only Architect of Tyranny. Tacitus soon resented this so signal affront, both in words and writing, not only with all the Republicks that are resident in this State, but even with A∣pollo's self, to whom with great commotion of mind, he grievously complained, that he had been most wickedly assassinated by his ancient ill-willers, and that in very deed, the ancient and modern Republicks were not more obliged to Plato, Aristotle, Licurgus, or to any other Legislater, or Instituter of living free, then to him, if his Annals and Histories were examined and well considered by learned men, not over∣byassed with passion.

These complaints took deep rooting in the minds of these famous Li∣terato's, who not too much to distate so excellent a Writer, and that they might be sure not to prejudice their own peculiar Interests, resolved to meet together in the Temple of Concord, to the end that they might jointly resolve, whether it stood with their reputation to hold Dome∣stick conversation with Tacitus. And after long dispute, they all agreed, That the familiar acquaintance of so politick, and so wise a Writer, was more requisite for Commonwealths, then for Monarchies; for they had clearly found, that Tacitus his end in writing Tiberius his life, was not (as many who understood little of State-affairs had given out) to form the Type of a Tyrannical Government; but that that excellent Writer, by his so particular Narration of the enormous cruelties, not only of inhuman Tiberius, but of Caligula, Claudius, Nero, and of the other most cruel Tyrants which were Emperors since, used against the Roman Nobility, had no other intention, then to let the Senators of Commonwealths see, into what deplorable calamities they run, when pre∣ferring the hatred of their privat passions, and their own self-interests before the publick good, they suffered the pretious Jewel of their Coun∣tries

Liberty, which they ought so diligently to keep and preserve, to be stoln away from them by cruel Tyrants. For it being a precept ex∣actly practiced by Tyrants, wholly to extirpate the Nobility which for∣merly bore any sway, that so they themselves might reigne securely, the inhumanity of Tiberius, and others such as he, who succeeded him in the Roman Empire, was not used by them out of any thirst they had after human bloud, but out of meer politick necessity, and Tyrannical prudence.

The XVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The blind man of Forli, that famous Italian Mountebank being, to the wonder of all the Senat of Vertuosi, admit∣ted by Apollo into Parnassus, is by his Majesty put upon an imployment of importance.

CHristofano de Sordi, called the blind man of Forli, a famous Italian Mountebank, him to whom it is said, That the Illustrious Euterpe gave the fluent vein of singing Verses ex tempore, in guiderdon, for a receit which he gave her where with to make her hair yellow, hath these many years been standing at Parnassus Gate, where he hath still been troublesom to Apollo, sometimes by submiss prayers, sometimes by fer∣vent pressures, and many times with importunate complaints, was so bold the last week (which caused much laughture in the Litterati) to post up certain papers in the chiefest places of Parnassus, wherein he divulged, that if there were any sprightly wit amongst the learned Poets, who durst contend with him in singing Verses ex tempore to his Harp, he chal∣lenged him to meet him in Euterpe's open field, where he would make it evidently appear, that there was never a Poet in Parnassus of so flow∣ing a vein as could hold up against the fluency of his Verses sung ex tem∣pore, or that was worthy to carry his Harp after him. Apollo, who had ever formerly laught at the fond pretensions of this unworthy fellow, did on Thursday last, of his own meer motion, in publick Senat decree Immortality to his name; and commanded, that with the usual pomp of solemn attendance, he should be admitted into Parnassus, and brought into his presence. The next morning the Triumphant Gate of Parnas∣sus was thrown open to the blind man of Forli, by which such Vertuo∣si enter, who by his Majesty are judged worthy the glorious abode in Parnassus; whereat the learned Barons, the Prince-Poets, and all the Po∣tentates of this Court did so rage, as just when he set his foot upon the threshold of the dore, a great Monarch was heard to say, That Parnassus began now to be an aboad for trivial companions, since Mountebanks and Quacksalvers were admitted thereinto. These words being spoken somewhat aloud, were heard by the blind man; who presently asked his guide who that was that had spoken so ill of him? Be quiet, said the

guide, take off your hat, and, as it becomes you, make a low leg to him that hath injured you, for it was the powerful King of England, Henry the eight. Then said the blind man boldly, Master Henry, If you will play Orlando's part, and choak me with your bravadoes, get you back to England, for we are all equal in Parnassus; and if Mountebanks be not worthy of Parnassus, I wonder how you came thither, who very well know with what Ballads you cheated the English. King Harry grew highly incensed at so sharp an answer, and would have taken the blind man by the beard, which was very long, and would have pul'd it off, but he withheld himself when he considered better, how unwise men of honour are, when they contend with such as have no honour to lose. As soon then as the blind man was come before Apollo, he bad his guide give him his Harp, and then desired his Majesty that he would favour him with a Theme; whereupon (to the teeth of all hidebound Poets, who are half a year in squeesing out a woful Sonnet) he offered himself to sing a hundred octavoes ex tempore: Apollo laught at the blind man, who did pretend to give satisfaction, with his silly ex tempore verses, in that place, where the best Poets, with their well filed, and long studied verses, could scarcely do it; and said unto him, I did not admit you into this place, for any pleasure I take in your Verses sung ex tempore, but only that you may teach my Litterati, in a publick School, which shall be as∣signed you, the Important Art of Walking Well and Safely. Gioro∣lomo Morone, Secretary to Sforzo, Duke of Millan, when he heard that blind men were to teach such as could see, how to walk; broke forth into loud laughter; to whom Apollo, without any manner of alteration, said, moreover, I bear with this your wonder, which by the astonishment which I see in the faces of these my Litterati, is common to many: But know that the waies of this present Age, being so stony, and full of bad passages, as you all find them to be, blind men who walk leasurely, lean∣ing upon a guide, and with a staff in their hand, who raise their feet high, and grope their way as they go, are excellent good to teach those hasty wits, those lively, inconsiderate, rash, and impatient spirits, how to walk safely, who being impatient of all circumspection, do abhor considerate mature delay; and I am well pleased that you are not only an example of this truth unto your self, but unto all others. Then turning to the blind man, he bad him take Morone by the hand, and that he should walk two hundred paces with him; which was done: And it fell out, that whilst the blind man and Morone were walking thus, the blind man found by his staff wherewith he tryed the way before him, that he was come to a bad passage; wherefore he held back Morone, and bad him (who was heedlesly walking over it) Stay: For, said he, Morone, we are come to a place where we may break our necks; lift your foot high, and let us be careful how we pass over this dangerous place: Try every place of it with your staff, as I do, and diligently measure the length, breadth, and depth of this hole, unless you will have us fall into it. Open the eyes of your judgement, which is the true Lanthorn, which in dark∣est times, and places of greatest danger, serves for the Sun. Morone punctually obeyed the blind man; and though with some trouble and expence of time, they at last overcame all hindrances, and past over the dangerous passage. Apollo then bad Morone turn back, and to consi∣der well the dangerous hole, which, guided by a blind man, he had hap∣pily

escaped; which when he had done, he run full of amazement and apprehension, and threw himself down before his Majesties feet, and humbly craving pardon for his having laughed, confest that by the gui∣dance of a silly blind man, he had prosperously past over that deadly Ford of the fraudulent Marquiss of Piscara, wherein himself, who was judged to be one of the best guides of all the Italian Princes, broke his neck.

The XIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Luigi Alemanni having in an Elegant Oration set forth the Praises of the French Nation, repented that his action afterward, and desired leave of Apollo, to make his Re∣cantation, but was not permitted so to do.

LUigi Alemanni, a Noble Florentine Poet, gave himself to hate the Spanish Nation deadly, ever since his Country was overcome by the Forces of the Emperor Charls the fifth; an action which would have purchast him much love amongst the Italians, had he not obscured this his glory, with the common ignorance of many modern Italians, of not knowing how to hate the Spaniards, without declaring partiality to the French, of whom Alemanni grew so inamoured, as much to his Maje∣sties admiration, he asked leave to make a publick Oration in Praise of them; a resolution which did not only redound to his own particular shame, but to the shame of all Italy; every one being scandalized that so famous a Florentine Poet should extoll the praise of that Nation, from whose sole ambition Italy may justly acknowledg all her present slavery to proceed.

Alemanni made this his Oration, and did therein very much exagge∣rate the glory of the French Nation, terming it the overthrow of the famous Roman Liberty, only because it gave the Arms of Tyranny in∣to Cesars hands, wherewith that ambitious man did afterwards slay the Liberty of his Country: He said that the French had in their Wars perpetual victory, in Africa, Asia, and Europe, and ruled with infinite glory. He stiled the French Monarchy, the Triumphant Princess o∣ver the whole world, her enemies scourge, and the only means and in∣strument of the yet remaining Liberty of Italy: He attested for truth, That France was the most numerous Nation that was under the Sun; he said it was rich, fruitful, well armed, united, strong, well peopled with such as were most devoted to their King; all which he said were things requisite in a Kingdom, which will be held to be formidable and lasting. This Oration made Alemanni be followed by an infinite number of French; so as being made strangely much of, by many of the Barons of that Nation he was easily perswaded to go into France, where he found that true, which his best friends had taught him, that if he desired to love

the French men, he should by all means shun going to France; for he had not been twenty daies in the French Court, when he was so used by those people, and so distasted at them, as he was forced to fly from France, as full of ill affection to it, as he went thither with ravishment; insomuch as he presented himself the other day with a much imbittered mind before Apollo, and told him, that having in that his Oration very falsly exaggerated the praise of the French Nation, to the end that truth might prevail, he desired leave to make his Recantation; for by the un∣fortunate experience which he had made of the French, he had found them to be so indiscreet, so furious, impertinent, and so phantastically humerous, and ingratefull beyond all human creatures, as that they were no less capital enemies to the Italians, though they knew they had many there that sided with them, then they were to the English, Spaniards, Germans, Dutch, and all other forein Nations.

To this Apollo readily answered him, That he did not only deny him the leave he had asked, but straitly charged to repeat the same Oration again in praise of the French; and that amongst the other singular ver∣tues of that Warlike Nation, he should mention the infinite glory which they had won by appearing to be mortal enemies to all forein Nations. Which singular vertue he said the Italians were so far from, as they were not ashamed to become the apes of all the most barbarous parts of the world in their discourse, aparrel, feeding, and in all other their actions: In so much, as if the Jews did rule in any part of the earth, it was to be believed, that to curry favour with that base generation, many of them would not be ashamed to wear yellow hats.

The XX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Corbulone having with much honour ended his prefixt time of Government in Pindo, a Patent to continue the same Iurisdiction for one year longer, is graciously sent him by Apollo; which he refuseth to accept of.

DOmitio Corbulone having happily ended the first year of his Go∣vernment of Pindo, Apollo, who was very well satisfied with him, sent him his Letters Patents to continue in the same Government the next year; though Corbulone knew very well that all the people of his Government did very much desire his continuance in Pindo, yet he had importuned Apollo to send one with all speed to succeed him in that place: And though he foresaw that Apollo would interpret his refusal sinisterly, yet he again desired to be changed; and had his request grant∣ed. Being returned to Parnassus, his friends desired to know why he had refused to continue still in that imployment, which many other great personages were ambitious of? Corbulone answered them, That he who would preserve his body in health, and keep up his reputation, must

be so much master of himself, as to be able to rise from the Table with an appetite, and to quit Governments when people seemed to be best satisfied with him: For Officers (though they were foolish and untoward, were alwaies adored by the people the first six months, well enough be∣lieved the second six months; but that though they were good, they were hated the third six months; and at the end of two years, the peo∣ple grew sick of those that were best; not for any misdemerits of the Governor, but through the peoples too great curiosity, who as easily grow weary of good things, as they do of bad. That therefore that Servant or Officer of a Prince deserved to be esteemed wise, who havng done some special good service to his Prince, could resolve to leave the Court, and leave his Master in love with him, and not to tarry till that unfortunate time, which will at last happen in all Courts, of being shamefully driven out of dores; either for some small fault, which is a∣ble to cancel any former merit, how great soever, or else for that not on∣ly privat men, but Princes are subject to be glutted with the same con∣versation still, and do daily love new things, and take delight in growing worse.

The XXI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Sebastian Veneri, Duke of Venice, after his admittance into Parnassus, desires Apollo that he may have the pre∣cedency given him before Hereditary Kings and Mon∣archs; and obtains a favourable Decree from his Majesty.

THough the Illustrious Prince, Sebastian Venieri, Duke of Venice, had a place alotted unto him in Parnassus by Apollo's extraordinary favour, worthy the magnanimity of so great a Prince, before he made this his desire unto him; yet would he not appear in publick, before the controversie was decided which was on foot, before his Majesties own Tribunal, to which of the three Colleagues the glory of the Naval Vi∣ctory which he obtained at the Scogli Corzolari did of due belong: The which being afterwards decided by Apollo, in manner as shall be hereaf∣ter said, Prince Venieri made his publick solemn entrance on horseback, which was in this regard very remarkable, because none were suffered to honour, accompany, or serve this Illustrious Duke at his entrance, save free-men, who were looked upon in Parnassus with envy, tenderly be∣loved, and honoured with such observance, as that they are deservedly called by all the Vertuosi, Princes of privat persons. The whole Col∣ledg of the Vertuosi were extraordinarily joy'd to see to what sublime degree Venieri's merit had brought a privat man, and infinitely honour∣ed the immortal Venetian Commonwealth, which by having so largely rewarded the desert of one of her Senators, had thrown the Gate of Me∣rit and gallant actions wide open; which many Monarchs either keep

close shut, or else out of a capricio, open it rather to unworthy, then to deserving men. It was afterwards observed for a very rare thing, that at the Princes entrance, the Grecians, who since the fall of their Empire, have lived in a perpetual melancholy, never taking joy in any thing, be∣ing now overjoy'd, were seen to dance and rejoyce upon this occasion, as if Prince Veniero had been one of their Nation; and that all the jol∣lity of that shew had belonged to them. Some said that this was, be∣cause the Grecians being reduced into great calamity, could not hope to be freed from their slavery by any other Potentate then by the State of Venice, at whose victory obtained by this Prince against the Tyrannical Ottaman Empire, they did rejoyce as if it had been an act of their own: To boot, they were mightily gladded to see the Duke of Venice wear the ancient stately Grecian Habit; as if it were a happy and secure Au∣gury, that the greatness of the ancient Grecian Empire would be renew∣ed in the Immortal Commonwealth of Venice, when God should be ap∣peased in his just anger against the Schism of that Nation. Not long after this solemnity, when all the Princes, together with the Senat of Poets, went in good order to visit the chief Temple of that State, to beg of God to stir up the hearts of Princes to be liberal towards the Vertu∣osi: Prince Venieri, who was placed by the Master of the Pegasean Ceremonies (according to the ancient custom) amongst the rest of the Dukes of Venice, boldly said, That he ought of right to have preceden∣cy before the greatest hereditary Kings and Monarchs of the world. The Masters of the Ceremonies did then humbly beseech Venieri, that he would be content with his accustomed place, and shun both giving and receiving great distastes in Parnassus by this hateful novelty. Venieri answered resolutely, that common men observed customs, such as he would have what was just, who very well knowing what was their due, did not live according to past errors, but did correct them. Some great Princes laughed openly at this novelty endeavoured by Venieri; but o∣thers who were of a more refined judgement, began through apprehen∣sion, to look pale, and were heard to say, that it belonged to fools to laugh at great mens pretentions, who being excellently well nosed spannels, never wag their tails till they be very near the Partridg: For wise men thought, that were the business never so hard, it might be effected when it was taken in hand by such a one as Prince Venieri; and that it was to be considered, that so great a personage as he, would not set his rest of reputation upon a game, unless he were sure of five and fifty in his hand. When the Masters of the Ceremonies found Venieri to be so resolute, that they might prevent the scandal which they feared such a novelty might occasion, hasted to Apollo, and acquainted him with what had hapned. His Majesty did not only not abhor Prince Venieri's preten∣tion (as many thought he would have done) but contrary to the opinion of most of the Vertuosi that were about him, did mightily admire it; and wondred very much that that singular man should find out an incon∣veniency, which was not observed by as many Elective Princes as were in Parnassus. And because manifest danger of great scandal appeared to be in delay of resolution, and that the business required expedition, without citing the parties to appear, using the Plenipotentiary power which he hath over his Litterati; he at the very instant decreed, That Prince Venieir should be placed according to his desire, above all Here∣ditary

Monarchs; and said, generari, & nasci Principibus fortuitum, nec ultra aestimator. Tacit. lib. 1. Hist. That to be begotten or born of Princes, was chance, nor was it otherwise to be esteemed of; that it ap∣peared not only to be high injustice, but infinite ignorance; that here∣ditary Monarchies, which without any precedent merit, fell to Princes only by blind fortune, or by the relation of bloud, should in his State, where vertue was only had in consideration, be preferred before perso∣nages of worth, who by their rare vertue, and singular merit, knew how to get a Principality in a well regulated election of worthy Electors.

The XXII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo being greatly moved to compassion, by seeing a poor Souldier, who had lost both his hands in the Wars, goe a begging, doth sharply reprehend Princes for their ingra∣titude to Military men.

THis morning, as Apollo went out of dores, a souldier who had lost both his hands in the Wars, came before him and beg'd an alms: Apollo asked him how he came to be so maimed; the souldier answered, That whilst he was handling his Pike in a battel, in the service of a great Prince, both his hands were shot off by a Canon. Apollo commanded a liberal alms to be given to the poor man, and bad some Princes who were by him, remove away that unfortunate witness of their ingratitude, from the eyes of the world, that sad example of the miserable condition of souldiers in these modern daies: For it was a spectacle which did too much afflict the soul of the Vertuosi, to see that miserable souldier beg his bread, who had deserved from the Prince whom he had served, a rich patrimony, whereby to give that alms to o∣thers, which he was now forced to beg for himself.

The XXIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo greatly compassionating the lamentable shipwrack which his Vertuosi make in great Princes Courts, to secure their Navigation, Commands some of the chief Litterati of his State to make a Card whereby men may sail by Land.

APollo being every day more grieved then other, at the sad ship∣wracks which many of his Litterati do often make in the Courts of great Princes; who having loaded their Vessels (their minds) with the sweat of Sciences, thereby to merit their Princes favour, are unfor∣tunatly lost upon the sands of some hired lodging, drowned in the Whirl∣pool of a shameful Hospital, and sometimes split upon the rocks of beg∣gery and dispair, the wealth of infinite vertues not being able to free them from so lamentable calamities, would by all means find out a re∣medy for so great evils, that his Vertuosi might make safe Navigation in all Courts, but particularly in that of Rome, which is placed in so dan∣gerous a climat; and all this for the advantage of Learning, which loos∣eth much reputation, when men see how little they get thereby, who spend their whole life in obtaining it. Meditating therefore maturely with himself, that since Portugal Pilats, and those of Biscay, England, Holland, and Zealand, by only observing the Sun, Moon, and Stars, with a little stone in their hand, knew how to bridle the dreadful Ocean, which they so freely cut through into all parts, and at all seasons, as they had made road-waies all over it; why his Vertuosi by their powerfull aids of Astronomy, Cosmography, Mathematicks, Meteors, and chief∣ly by their dexterous wits, sharpned by perpetual reading, could not invent as safe a Navigation by land, as the Pilats of the aforesaid Nations had found out by sea.

To secure therefore Land Navigation (for as much as might be done by Learning) Apollo some months ago instituted a Committee of choice men in all Sciences, necessary for such a business, and made Ptolomy, that Prince of Cosmographers, the Chairman; to whom he gave A∣ristotle for his Companion in the Meteors, Euclid in the Mathema∣ticks, Guido Bonati in the Astronomy, and to these he added Count Baltazar of Castiel, one very much verst in the deep Court Oceans; and for the better carrying on of whatsoever was requisite to so weigh∣ty a business, his Majesty gave order that the famous Carthaginian Hannae, Palinurus, Columbus, il Cortese, Terrante Magaglianes, Americo Vespuci, Vasco di Gama, all of them being the chiefest Pilats that ever sailed on the Seas, should be admitted into this Committee.

In the first place then (as was very fitting) an exquisite Card where∣by to sail by land, was made by Ptolomy, which with singular skill, was struck through with lines on all parts; and not only divers learned A∣stralobes,

but a new artificial Quadrant was invented, to learn the true elevation of Courtiers deserts, and the latitude and longitude of re∣wards with which their service ought to be acknowledged: 'Tis true that Guido Bonati took very much pains to find out the true height of the Court of Rome's Pole; yet nor he, nor any other of the Committee, could ever by any Astralobe adjust the course of the sun of any humerous Princes phantastical wit; but the genius of a Prince being the true and safe North Star, which Court-Marriners ought to observe in their land-Navigation; these gallant men did all of them much wonder, how a Star which was so certain for Navigation by Sea, was not only not firm and stable in Land-Navigation, but was continually carried about by the two contrary motions, of Interest, and Passion, whence such dangerous Court-difficulties and troubles doe arise, as doe often occasion fowle shipwracks.

They discovered greater difficulties in the motions of the wandring Stars (Princes Officers) for they were so far from being carried about, as they ought to be, by the primum mobile (their Princes service) as they were often seen to go retrograde thereunto, nay the Committee were past all expression amazed, when they by their observation found for cer∣tain, that the inferior heavens (the Officers) did by the course of their privat passions and interests, often hurry about the aforesaid primum mo∣bile; so as by reason of these accidents, the business grew so confused, as the Committee could never come at the perfect knowledg of the motions of so many sphears, as was necessary for those to do, who were to publish the certain and assured rules thereof. Their obstacles grew greater, when they came to score out the compass of winds, whose num∣ber they found not to be certain and bounded, as is seen in Navigation by Sea; but that they were little less then infinite: For besides the four Master-Winds, the Princes Will, his childrens desires, the Authority of his Brethren, and other Princes of the bloud, and the opinion of the Councel, an infinite number of half-winds were discovered, Court-Of∣ficers, Princes favorits, make-mirths, flatterers, and even Pandors, all of them so irregular, and upon some occasious so boysterous as they begot great difficulty in contriving the Compass: So as these Pilats thought the condition of Court-Navigators to be very miserable, who were to fit their Sails (their Wits) to such a multitude of winds. Yet for all these difficulties, these famous men were never disheartnep, but buck∣led themselves closer to the business by how many the more flats, sholes, and quick-sands, Silla's and Caribde's, vast Whirlpools of rivals, enviers, malcontents, persecuters, and heteroclite spirits they found in the vast Ocean of the Court.

The Astralobes and Quadrants being made, and the Compass being brought to the greatest perfection that might be, the Committee thought to make trial: Wherefore eight spruce Courtiers were listed, all of them well provided of Patience (a necessary Biskat) for such as have courage enough to plough the tempestuous Ocean of the Court. And whilst these were ready to hoist sail, and only staid for a favourable wind, there hapned a thing altogether incredible; for a favourable North wind blowing, to which all the eight Courtiers suddenly spread abroad their Sails (their Hopes) the Sails of only one of them were seen to swel, and make a prosperous Voyage, whilst the rest of the Courtiers stirred not one whit from their place.

The Gentlemen of the Committee were strangely confused, when they found that in Land-Navigation, prosperous winds (the Princes fa∣vour) did not blow alike in all the sails of equally deserving Cou•…•…tiers: Much greater was the wonder, when the same prosperous wind return∣ing to blow again; to the which some other Courtiers who were ready for their journey, displaid their sails, there was one, who being without either mast or sail (without any merit) who stood idle in the haven, to learn before he put himself upon so dangerous a Navigation as Court∣service; this man I say was by a blast of that prosperous wind, hurried from the haven of his quiet, carried into the high sea of imployments, much above his capacity, and yet did make a happy voyage, got great riches and honors. A novelty which appeared so strange to these Pi∣lats, as Magaglianes being astonished at so great a wonder, said, Gentle∣tlemen, I should never have imagined there had been so great a diff•…•…rence between Sea-Navigation, and that of Land; and these extravagant pas∣sages which I see, makes me greatly doubt the good success of this our enterprise; but patience overcomes all difficulties; therefore let us pro∣ceed.

Then a Courtier that was a great Vertuoso displaid his sails (his faith∣ful service) to a prosperous West wind (his Princes favour) and by his swolne sails (fair words from his Master) thinking that he had made a long voyage, when he had calculated what way he had made, found himself to be just in the same place as he was before he hoisted sail, having been still fed in all his long journey (his assiduous service) with false hopes and expectation, not meeting with any real substance. But a stranger thing then all this, was, when they saw both the South and the North wind blow at one and the same time so furiously from the fantastick brain of an extravagant Prince, as that the unfortunate Courtiers being molested by two contrary winds, knew not which way to turn their Tacklings; so as between these two winds, many Vertuosi were miserably drowned. At this so strange a novelty Columbus cryed out, I now find for certain Gen∣tlemen, that Navigation by Sea, wherein these extravagancies are not met with, is so safe a business, as it may be compared to travailing by land in a Litter. Columbus had no sooner said these things, when the whole Committee were aware that certain Courtiers that were Vertuosi, lying in the Haven, were in great danger of being drown'd in the Court-Sea, which was swolne much more then usual, raised a great storm, the great∣est Anchor-Cable-Ropes of the most exquisite Court-patience, broke short in two, every thing threatned shipwrack; and yet the air of the Prince his countenance was very calm, the pleasant West wind of his content was only seen to blow; the danger appeared plainly, no wind of the Princes anger was discerned, and yet the Court-Navigators ran ha∣zard of perishing in the Haven: Notwithstanding all this, in this so in∣raged Tempest, one bold Courtier had courage enough to put out of the Haven, and was not only not drowned, as every one believed he would have been, but that horrible cross wind which would have indangered any other man, though never so well experienced, proved so prospe∣rous a wind to him, as in a short time it brought him to the Haven of great Dignities: A thing certainly very strange, and which did much a∣stonish the Gentlemen of the Committee, who wondred that those tem∣pestuous storms should in Land-Navigation prove prosperous winds to

some few, which even in the safest Harbours did shipwrack many. But it seemed yet more strange, when the skie being clear, no claps of thun∣der heard, no lightning seen, some thunderbolts did notwithstanding fall, which burnt two unfortunate Courtiers; this unusual accident made the Members of the Committee muse, why thunderbolts shot from an incensed Prince, should not be preceded by such thunder and lightning, whereby to admonish Courtiers to escape them, as those are which are shot by the all powerful hand of God against mankind, when he is angry with them.

Soon after a Courtier was seen to be assaulted by a terrible Tempest (Persecutions) who after having long defended himself from the fury of the high going Sea (his Princes anger) and from the boysterous winds of cruel calamities, that he might keep himself from being swallowed up, was forced to throw all his Merchandize overboard, and after having spent the main mast of his hope, and that his deserts leaked water of dispair, split himself upon the Rocks (the ingratitude of an not acknow∣ledging Prince.) Then (which appeared very strange) the Vessel of this Courtiers service being after so hard an incounter, broken and sunk, the tempest of Court-persecutions ceased, the sea of the Princes anger was appeased, the rock which had been the cause of his shipwrack, turned to a safe haven, the Courtiers sunk ship rose again from underneath the wa∣ter, fairer, stronger, and better tackle then befored, and was again load∣ed with the Merchandize of his Merits, the which he afterwards barter∣ed at dear rates, for great dignities, and rich revennues. This appeared very strange to these Pilats, and to the whole Committee, neither could they sufficiently wonder, how in land-Navigation, shipwracks could prove fortunate to Navigators.

But continuing to make new experiences, they commanded a very wary Courtier, that he should display the sails of his talent to a wind which blew from the South, and he steering his course fortunately full North, after many daies sail, the Court-Pilat, to find where he was, took the altitude of the Pole of his desert, with his Astralobe, and not without much wonder, found, that though he had still kept the fore-ca∣stle (his good service) directly towards the North (his Princes Interests) he had sailed Southward. The Courtier at first alloted the cause of this disorder, to his not having kept the rudder of his soul faithful (as he ought to have done) towards the North of his Masters service; bu•…•… when he found both by the Card, and by the Compass which he held in his hand, that he had alwaies steered the ship of his actions aright, he clearly found that the error of his unfortunate voyage was occasion∣ed, because the North-star of his Princes mind was turned by malignant men, which are alwaies about him, towards the South.

Then Vespucci, Gama, and the other Pilats, desired the Committee that they would give over the business, as being a desperate cure; and said, that nothing made the Navigation by Sea so certain, as the immu∣tability of the North-star: And that having clearly found, by the last unfortunate experience, that Princes minds (which was the certain North-star of land-Navigation) were carried about and diverted by ma∣licious Courtiers, to saile on the tempestuous Court-seas, was not a re∣solution to be put on by wise men, but by such as were desperate.

At this instant the Committee saw a spruce neat Courtier, who had

sailed so prosperously in the Court of Rome, and in other Courts for seventy years space together, as that he had not only overcome tem∣pestuous storms, and boisterous winds of persecution, but had even broken the hard rocks which his ship had given against; this man pur∣suing on his voyage prosperously with a most favourable wind, was drowned for having only unfortunately falne upon a company of sedges (a Catchpoles impertinences) an accident which did so astonish the Gen∣tlemen of the Committee, as they resolved to make trial only of one other Courtier who was outward bound, and then to be quiet: They commanded him therefore to put to sea; and it hapned that whilst he was sailing in a road which was held by all men to be very safe, his ship at unawares gave against a rock, and split in pieces; the Committee ve∣ry much blamed the Courtiers ignorance, who knew not how to shun that rock; but he clearly shewed them that it was not specified in the Card, Wherefore all the Pilats fixt their eyes upon the Chairman Pto∣lomy, as if they did tacitly accuse him of ignorance, having left out that rock in his Card, which had occasioned so great evil. But Ptolomy ha∣ving well viewed and considered the place, and all the coast about, shew∣ed them clearly, that no man living that had ever made that passage be∣fore, had ever seen any rock in that place, therefore he could not speci∣fie it in the Card which he had made, and that it arose up at that very in∣stant that the unfortunate Courtier fel upon it.

The Committee finding then that in Land Navigation, rocks arose every moment in the midst of Medows, and other places, which were held to be so safe, as that they might be passed over with great securi∣ty in the obscurest nights; they broke up the Committee, accounting the undertaking to be desperate and unfeasable, and commanded that none should presume to sail by land, except it were at full noon, carry∣ing the Lanthorn of discretion every one of them in the fore-castle of their proceedings, morning and evening, with their bare knees on the ground, and their hands lift up to heaven, beseeching God to grant them a good voyage, for to bring the ship of hope in safety into a Court Ha∣ven, depended more upon the immediate help from heaven, then upon any humane wisdom.

The XXIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Ariadeno Barbarossa being driven by a sudden storm, splits upon the Scogli Cursolari, and Maturino Romagasso, Captain of the Guard of the Gulf of Lepanto, endeavours his escape, when he might have taken him prisoner.

ARiadeno Barbarossa, a great Pyrat, being overtaken some daies ago with a cruel storm, fell upon the Scogli Corsolari, wh•…•…re he lost many ships, and an infinite many of men: yet he suddenly bet•…•…ok him∣self with those that were escaped, to repair those his Gallies, whi•…•… were yet unsplit; when the news of such a wrack being brought to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 forthwith gave order to Maturino Romagasso, who had the custo•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Lepanto Gulf, to go and seize upon that publick Thief. It is known that vigilant Romagasso did at that very instant charge a trusty Mariner to go with all possible diligence and secrecy to those rocks, and to wish Ariadeno to remove from those rocks, and save himself as well as he could. The Mariner wondred very much at Romagasso's resolution; whom he asked why he would save the life of that his deadly enemy, whom he had now so fair accasion to seize upon; and that if he who was held Apollo's right eye, only that he might keep the Rivers of Lepanto free from so pernitious a Pyrat, what other man, how great soever, should be paralel'd to him, when he should have vanquished Barbarossa? 'Ts said that Romagasso repli'd in these i•…•…entical words; My friend, The greatness which you see I am now in, is so annext to Barbarossa's power, as I cannot discomfeit him without ruining my self. And know, that the very first day that I should have committed this error, thou shouldst see me be the most abject fellow of all this Court: For faithfulness in Officers is almost banished out of the world, more through the ingrati∣tude of who commands, then through his falshood who ought to obey. Whence it is that disorders are grown so great, as that Officer whose ulti∣mat end is not to keep his Prince in perpetual need of his service, is more man, then a wise man. And the modern Militia of us Captains, is turn∣ed to publick Merchandize; which is not occasioned out of any fault of ours, but for the defect which is even graven in the bones of many Princes, of making no account of clothes, but when it rains.

The XXV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Epictetus, a Stoick Philosopher, who finding his Sect to grow much deformed, asks leave of Apol∣lo to ground a new Sect of Reformed Stoicks; and is rather reprehended by his Majestie, then commended.

EPictetus, that famous Stoick, had this day long audience of Apollo, to whom he was overheard to say with great submissness, that the exemplary life, certainty of Doctrine, holy customs, quiet and fruitful leasure, that he had formerly seen in the Sect of Stoicks, had forced him to imbrace that Sect, in which he had lived with great satisfaction for the space of 25 years; but that it being now much falne from the former severity of life, and good behaviour, nothing of good remain∣ed in it, but the bare and still reverenced name, at which he was both much afflicted and scandalized, and was forced to forgo it, that he might still live in his antient purity of demeanour, poverty of life, humility, and peace of mind. That therefore (if it should stand with his Maje∣sties approbation) he, and some other of his fellow-Philosophers who were of the same mind, desired to withdraw themselves, and to ground a new sect of reformed Stoicks.

Apollo, not without some apparent signes of displeasure, answer∣ed Epictetus, That he was so far from being willing to multiply the Sects of his Philosophers, as for the good of Sciences, unity of Opini∣on, and for many other weighty respects, he was resolved to reduce them to a lesser number; and that if the Stoicks were any waies fallen from their former good orders, he wisht him to know, that such a one as he, ought rather to hide their defects, then scandalously publish them to the world by new Reformations; it not being possi∣ble to admit of a sect of Reformers, without necessarily acknowledg∣ing a deformation: And that a Philosopher so cry'd up for Wisdom, and sincerity of soul, as was Epictetus, should not endeavour to pur∣chase reputation to himself, by defaming others; and the rather, for that by the laying a foundation of new reformed Stoicks, he made it appear evidently to the whole world, That the Stoicks disorders were grown so great, as that they were become incorrigible, even by the exemplary life of such a one as himself: That therefore it was the duty of every good Stoick, when he saw his Sect forget their Rules, to strive to reduce them to their duties by his own good example, it not being only shameful ingratitude, but wicked impiety to abandon his Sect in its most urgent occasions, and greatest necessity:

For certainly that Pilat were very wicked, who seeing his Ship ready to be lost in a fearful storm at Sea, should abandon his companions, and seek∣ing to save himself in the Ship-bo•…•…t, could find in his heart to laugh at those that were in distress: And that if he should open the dore in Par∣nassus to reformed Sects, that progressus in infinitum, must of necessity follow, which ought to be so shun'd by every wise Prince. For every thing necessarily growing old and corrupt in time, by consequence the reformed Stoicks transgressing their rules, would in time divide them∣selves into new reformed Sects. And because the planting of Vinyards, and founding of Sects of Philosophers walked hand in hand, it was to be considered, that the wise Husbandman, when he saw his Vinyard, which before was very fruitful, go to ruine for want of dressing, did not suddenly fall to plant a new one, but endeavoured by dilligence and assi∣duous labour, to make it fruitful again, and never resolved upon the planting of a new Vinyard, till he clearly found, that it was impossible to reduce the impair'd Vinyard to its former condition, by any whatsoever diligence.

In which case, at the same time that he plants his new vinyard, he plucks up the old one by the very roots, and turns it into earable ground; for otherwise, in a short time, he would have foolishly encom∣bred his whole Patrimony with wild Grapes. Apollo said also, That Epictetus should reflect much upon the unfortunate condition of the pre∣sent times, wherein the whole world being infected with the pernitious disease of Polititians, whose particular profession it is, not to adhibit faith to such actions as have a certain affected appearance of extraordinary goodness, it was shrewdly to be feared, that they would interpret his good will, and excellent intention, of laying a new foundation of reform∣ed Stoicks, to be but Hypocrisie; giving it out (as it is their custom to do) in every corner, that Epictetus, a Philosoper of so well a compos'd soul, would forsake the old Stoick Sect, whereof he was but the tail, out of ambition to become the head of a new one.

The XXVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Nobility of the Commonwealth of Achaia, not being able any longer to indure the insolency of the Commons, who Governed the State, send Ambassadors to Apollo to obtain a Prince, who may govern them; and receive a gracious answer.

THe Modern Commonwealth of Achaia, which (as all men know) is meerly Democratical, is by reason of the insolent peoples great sedition, so full of tumults, slaughters, rapine, and all other sort of confusi∣on, as the Nobility, opprest by the violence of the seditious people, to free their Countrey from so cruel Tyranny, thought it a more tolera∣ble condition to live under the command of any one Prince, how cruel or avaritious soever, then to suffer the insolency of a domineering peo∣ple: Insomuch as they said it was necessary for the common good, to call in a Forreign Prince, who might govern the afflicted State, and might curb the insolency of the rabble-rout: And to this purpose they summoned the people to a Parley, and deplored the publick miseries; the sole remedy whereof they said was, to submit the Countrey unfor∣tunately free, to the command of a Prince.

The ignorant people, who in weighty resolves know not what they grant, nor what they deny, easily assented that a Forreign Prince should be sent for, who re-ordering the confused State, might govern their Country, which was incapable of living free. In this Assembly two Ambassadors were chosen, who were to obtain from Apollo, a Prince fitting for their urgent affairs. The Ambassadors came to this Court three daies ago, who having made their desires known in a pub∣lick audience, they were answered in his Majesties name. That he would quickly send them away contented. Many prime Subjects of this State, used all the means they could, to be sent to command so Noble a Prin∣cipality; amongst the most remarkable whereof, were Anna Momoran∣ci, a famous French Baron, very much assisted by Francis the first, King of France, and Don Ferdinando di Toledo, Duke of Alva, befriended by the most Catholike King Philip the second; not so much out of any affection he bore to that his servant, as to rid his Court of one, who not able to tolerate an equal, much less a superior, was very troublesom to him and to his Court. Apollo resolutely chose the Duke of Alva; wherein he did so highly displease the King of France•…•…, who complained grievously that Apollo's Majesty had preferred the Duke of Alva, a man in rigour of Justice not only severe, but inexorable, as had plainly appeared in his Government of Flanders, before one of so exquisite goodness, and of so exact judgement in State-Government, as Momo∣ranci was known to be.

Apollo answered King Francis, That he had preferred the Duke of

Alva before Momoranci, who was a Gentleman of a mild and sweet spirit, only by reason of his extraordinary severity; which was very re∣quisite in this present occasion, the other being unaccustomed to the dif∣ficulty of taming a coltish people, born free, with the cudgel of new servi∣tude. And the K. of France not being herewithall satisfied, but saying with some commotion of spirit, that his French men, when occasion did re∣quire, could also not only be severe, but cruel: Apollo in an angry tone, bad him hold his peace, and told him, he wondred that sheep and lambs should pretend to play the part of wolves, as if there had never been any Gaspero Colonni, any Monsieur de la Nove, and so many other great and little flies, which none of his generation could ever find the way how to keep from about their noses.

The XXVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo having for a just cause removed Gulielmo Budeo from the Lord Treasurers place; confers the aforesaid place upon Diego Covarruvia, a Noble Spanish Literato, and Dean of the Colledg of the Grand Sages of this Court, though he was much gainsaid therein by the French Mo∣narchy.

GUlielmo Budeo, a Parisian, who for his being very expert in the knowledg of monies, hath for many years, and with much reputati∣on, exercised the place of Lord Treasurer in this Court, was on the sud∣den on Munday last, not only with great disgrace removed from that place, but by express order from his Majesty, banisht for ever out of Par∣nassus; which affront was the greater, for that it is said, that the occasion of this so high resentment was, because he was infected with those mo∣dern heresies, which being invented by ambitious men, only to make sub∣jects rebel against their Princes, are not worthy to be followed by those who professing Learning, ought to let the world see that they do not on∣ly know, but do infinitely abhor the popular errors of the ignorant, who are apt to be carried about by the impostures of impiety. After Budeo his expulsion, it was suddenly noised in Parnassus, that his Majesty had de∣stin'd Diego Covarruvio to be Treasurer, a great Spanish Lawyer, a man as excellent for Learning, as for his plain-dealing, and sincerity of an irre∣prehensible life. As soon as this Apollo's resolution was known in Parnas∣sus, it begot great jealousies in the French Monarchy, who thought it stood not with her advantage, that a Spaniard should be called up to so high a Magistracy, wherein she was much interessed. The jealousie and suspition of so great a Queen, was the more augmented by Covarruvia's austerity, his steadfastness to what was just, his inflexibility, and for that alwaies preferring his Princes honour and service before all other re∣spects, he seemed to value the favour or hatred of any whatsoever Prince

in this Court, very little, or not at all, as long as he with uncorrupt since∣rity discharged the place of primo Savio Grande.

This powerful Monarchy sent first (according to the fashion of great Courts) divers of her friends to Apollo, who appearing to be well wish∣ers to Covarruvia, and very zealous of the publick good, did in a seem∣ing way of praising him, blame him, and persecute him by the cheat∣ing way of feigned favours. But this way of proceeding being too well known to Apollo, these hypocrites did easily receive a repulse from his Majesty, in so much as the very French Monarchy her self, taking off her mask of Court-dissembling, did at an extraordinary audience which she obtained from Apollo, appear so implacable an enemy to Covarruvia, as she could acquaint him, not only with the greatest faults that he had committed even from his birth, but with every his least imperfection (so narrowly do Princes observe the waies of those who were likely to come to advancement in great Courts.) Apollo, who infinitely wondred to hear the French Monarchy make so strict a scrutiny into the life and manners of Covarruvia, with that freedom which is proper to her; re∣ply'd, That he did not so much abhor human imperfections in his Vertu∣osi, but that if amongst a hundred defects, they had put one pair of per∣fections, one only rare vertue, he thought he had got an excellent Officer for his service, it being his custom to counterpoise vices with vertues; and that Covarruvia (whatsoever he were in other things) in his Charge of Savio Grande, which he had for many years discharged with such since∣rity and discretion, had not only proved himself worthy of the Lord Treasurers place, which he was resolved to give him, but of any other whatsoever better place in Parnassus; and that he would honour so high a place, by removing that signal subject from the sublime Senat of the Savi.

To this the French Monarchy answered, That the Lavi Grande of Parnassus were twelves, so as his Majesty had scope enough to satisfie her in what she desired, by chusing other instead of Covarruvia; which would be the easilier done, for that the Savi Grande were all of them men greatly learned, and of singular worth. All the standers by perceived that Apollo was highly displeased at this pressure, who angerly answered the French Monarchy, that it was a very wicked resolution to give distaste unto, and take from the reputation of such Officers, who by their assidu∣ous service, had deserved chiefest imployments from their Prince; and that when a Prince took out any person from a Senat, or from a Colledg, to advance him to a higher preferment, it was a dangerous thing to chuse the worthiest; for in such elections, the Prince his intention, were it ne∣ver so good, was interpreted partiality; and that upon such occasions, the true Judge of worth was Senioriti, and that Covarruvia being Dean of the Senat of the Savt Grande, he had such a vantage of labour, and such advancement of merit, as he could not without some apparent in∣jury, be left out by his Prince; for in all Senats, that Senator deserved the prime preferment, who had laboured longest at the continual duties of his place: A just and good precept; which when it was inviolably ob∣served, every honored Vertuoso propounded to himself his Princes ser∣vice for the ultimate end of all his labours; whereas by doing otherwise, to the ruine of Justice, and confusion of all business even the Savi Grande (a Senat whereon did consist the good Government of the State) and all

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other his good and best Officers, forgoing the honorable way of merit, and vertuous endeavour, would betake themselves to the shameful Ido∣latry of adoring such as by their favour in Court, were likeliest to help them: That therefore for the aforesaid weighty respects, he, not out of any passionate affection which he bore to Covarruvia's person, but for the duty he ought unto his merits, would reward that Vertuoso's labors with the Lord Treasurers place, and encourage the other Savi Grandi, willingly to take pains in their places, since they saw their reward was not only certain, but (which was a thing of more importance) lay only in the Prince his bosom. To all these things the French Monarchy answered, That his Majesty was Patron and supreme Arbitrator of all rewards and punishments in Parnassus; That therefore without any prejudice to his honour, he might gratifie her in her request. To this new pressure, A∣pollo more incenst then formerly, reply'd, Nor am I, nor any man in the world, master of that reward which is proposed by just Princes, to the la∣bours and deserts of faithful Officers; for the highest dignities are by good Princes conferred upon their servants out of obligation, though modest Officers acknowledg to receive them out of their Princes favour∣able liberality. And know, French Monarchy, that that Prince who doth not reward him that hath deserved well at his hands, commits a greater tyranny then he, who without any reason, sheds his subjects bloud, and takes away their livelihoods. After so resolute an answer, the French Monarchy confest ingenuously, that Covarruvia being by Nation a Spaniard, he was consequently one whom she could by no means confide in. Apollo was so incens'd at these words, as he broke forth into sudden fury, and said, Get you hence, you who will play the Master in other folks States, and learn confidence at home; I, for my part, glory at my home to be an humble slave to mens merits, which when nothing but it is found in an Officer, although he be naturally never so discour∣teous, yet God, whose will it is, that he who does well, should be reward∣ed, takes it in good part. Whereas on the contrary, his Divine Majesty (the true Master of Metamorphosis) hath made those self-affectionate people, in whom Princes, in the collation of their highest dignities, do only require confidence, prove perfidious, and so strangely ingrateful (only to confound mans depraved judgement) as they have revenged themselves of received benefits, as if they had been mortal injuries, as is clearly known to all men, by so many unfortunate examples which have hapned in Princes Courts; by which you Princes may learn, that to do righteously, is to be preferr'd before all other human interest; for when a Prince exalts one that is ungrateful, though otherwise known to be de∣serving, all the shame redounds to him that hath received the reward; whereas when it falls out otherwise, all the shame and loss redounds unto the Prince, who foolishly thinks that he may receive advantage from men by offending God.

The XXVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Monsieur Jovanni de la Casa having presented Apollo with his most usefull Galateo, meets with great difficulties in many Nations, in having it ob∣served.

THe Reverend Signor Iovanni della Casa, who (as you have heard by our former Letters) was with extraordinary pomp, admitted into Par∣nassus, after having visited all the illustrious Poets, and ended his Comple∣ment with all the Principi Literati of this Court, presented Apollo with his beautiful and useful Gallateo, which was so much approved of by his Ma∣jesty, as he forthwith gave strait charge that it should be inviolably ob∣served by all Nations. And at the same instant commanded Casa to make presently a Galatea, for that the women of this modern age, had as much need of amendment, as had the men. This Edict caused great commotion in some that were subject to Apollo's Dominion; for neither intreaties, nor threats, were able to make those of Marca give way to the receival thereof, who freely profest they were resolved rather to forgo their Country and their children, then leave their laudable custom of honouring their Masters with sincerity of heart, and loving their friends with candor of mind, rather then with coursies, and other Court∣ceremonies, gotten without book. It met with greater difficulties a∣mongst Princes; for the most powerful French Monarchy would never give way to the observancy of Gallateo's rules, Nisi si, & in quantum: which she ingenuously profest she would rather mind, then good manners, which she would only observe with a certain outward shew. The Spa∣nish Monarchy promist to submit to Gallateo's rules, provided Monsieur de la Casa would leave out one Chapter: That when she should be at Table with other Princes, she would not have it be reputed ill man∣ners, if she should take a bit with her hand, from off her neighbours trencher; neither would she be thought to be over-greedy, if she should chance to eat all her next companions whole part.

The Venetians said, that they would willingly admit of Gallateo, if that Monsieur de la Casa would declare, that to endeavour by all means possible, to know another mans affairs, was not ill manners, but are∣requisite point of policy.

All the Italian Princes readily imbraced Gallateo, only said they would be allowed to eat on both sides their mouthes, without being held ill-mannered. But the Dutchmen stormed mightily, for they did not only deny being bound to the Italian sobriety in d•…•…inking, but did obstinately require Gallateo to declare, that the Dutchmens over∣much

drinking, and being continually drunk, was one of their chief∣est vertues, and one of the most requisite things that their Princes and Commonwealths did for their safety-sake, desire in their people. The which request was blamed by all the Litterati, as impertinent and absurd, and therefore gainsaid: Wherefore the Dutch were very much exhorted, and desired to submit themselves to Gallateo, touching the particular of Sobriety; because they were even point∣ed at by the best Nations of Europe, for their immoderate drink∣ing, and being so often drunk.

To which the Dutch did stoutly answer, That those sober men deserved to be esteemed drunk, that living under the slavery of Princes, were hardly used, and grieved every day by the capri∣ciousnesse and beastly passions of one man, and that the drunk∣en Dutch ought to be highly esteemed, who had wit enough, both to vind cate their Liberty, and to maintain it when they had got it. And added, That they were to be chained up for fools, that did not believe that the drunkenesse of the German Nati∣on, was the true foundation of so many famous Republiques as were seen there. For the safety of a State, and the peo∣ples universal peace, depending wholly upon the fidelity of State Officers, and upon the candor and sincerity of every mans soule, what greater Jewel could there be desired, then to see the Germans by their drinking too much Wine, continually vo∣mit up their very intimate secrets, and most concealed thoughts: They added, That it was clearly seen by long experience, that those did best counsel their Countreys, who having drowned their private Interest, and choaked their fair pretences (which sobriety useth to beget in mens minds) with good store of Wine, spake like Germans from their hearts, and not as doe the Italians, and those of other sober Nations, from the mouth outward onely, with false and feigned words.

They said also, That the Dutch, which did so much affect the glorious name of Souldiers, as was well known to all men, had not patience to listen unto the counsels and deliberations of of sober men, which were usually apprehensive, and full of lewd circumspection, covered over with the vaile of wisdome; but to the end that their resolutions might be bold and generous, they would not suffer any man to counsel his Countrey, whilst he was fasting; but when by having drunk much Wine, they had inflamed their hearts with generosity: It being the proper vertue of Wine, rather to drive fear from the heart, then to rob the understanding of judgement. And that therefore the Ger∣mans with much reason,

De reconciliandis invicem inimicis, & jungendis affinitatibus, & adsciscendis Principibus, de Pace denique, ac Bello plerunque in convi∣viis consultant: tanquam nullo magis Tempore ad simplices cogitatio∣nes pateat animus, aut a magnas incalescat. Tacit. de Mor. Germ.

That whether it concern the reconciling of enemies, the making of affinities, the chusing of Princes; finally, be it about Peace or War, they for the most part consult upon it in their cups; as if the soule were at no time more open for civil thoughts, or set on fire

for great ones, And they further added, That if the Italian so∣briety were introduced amongst the Germans, those false hearts, and double minds, those deep thoughts, those turn-coats, full of treachery, conspiracies, plots, of false souls, masked over with hidden hatred, and feigned love, would begin to be found in that faithfull and sincere Nation, wherein the Nations which glory in their sobrietry, do so much abound; a thing so true, as the French, who have been held to be so glorious by all the world, for their ancient candor and sinceri•…•…y of soul, in being alwayes faithfull to their King; since many of them have given over the laudable custom of taking off their Cups, and being drunk after the Dutch fashion, had suffered themselves to be wound about in∣to such treacheries as the world took too much notice of. And that if that little window to be contrived in the breasts of men, the better to discover the hearts of certaine damnable chea∣ters, who being Devils inwardly, study to appeare outwardly, Angels, was thought to be so necessary for the good of mankind; with what ground of reason could any man blame the laudable custom of being drunk, it being clearly seene, that by drink∣ing of too much Wine, mens bodies became Diaphanous and transparent.

For these reasons, which were very much approved of, and praised by Apollo it was resolved, That as touching the parti∣cular of sobriety in drinking; the Noble German Nation should not be subject to Gallateo's Precepts; the use of being drunk, be∣ing rather a piece of publick cunning amongst the Dutch, then a vice of private men: It being apparently known, that those Nations are very well advised, both in times of Peace and Warre, who, like the Dutch, Deliberant, dum fingere nesciunt; constitu∣unt, dum errare non possunt. Tacit. de Mor. Germ. Deliberat whilst they know not how to counterfeit, and doe ordaine whilst they cannot err.

The XXIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo finding that wicked men, by making use of the Sword of Iustice to injure honest men, do make his Tribunals become very hatefull, to remedy so great a disorder, institutes a Committe of the greatest Sub∣jects of this State; but hath but bad success therein.

THe perfidiousness of wicked men is arrived at that height, as that the sacred Seats of Justice, erected for the safety of good men, and to punish the wicked, are made use of to persecute and afflict those that are honest, and mean well; a disorder which his Ma∣jesty is very angry at; who can by no means tolerate, that through the so much mischief of wicked men, the Seats of Justice should be∣come hatefull: Wherefore Apollo, to try whether the wit of man could find the true Antidote to this raging Poyson, chose many moneths agoe, some of the best Philosophers, skilfullest Politicians, and men most esteemed for wisdom, that are in the State of Parnas∣sus; all which he caused to be shut up in that Apartment which stands by the Delphick Library, and straitly commanded them not to stir from thence, till they had healed so dangerous a wound by fit∣ting remedies.

All the Vertuosi of Parnassus thought such a business might be dispatched in a few hours; but it was eight months ere these men o∣pened their dores, at which time they desired Audience of Apollo, whom they told, that after having been so long shut up in that place, wherein they had diligently examined a thousand opinions, and mature∣ly sifted an infinity of applications, they could find no expedient means whereby severely to punish false accusations, without affrighting true ones.

The XXX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Marcus Brutus desires Justius Brutus to shew him the per∣fections of the Conspiracy which he so happily brought to pass against the Tarquins, and the Imperfections of that Conspiracy which he so miserably executed upon Caesar. And receives desired satisfaction from him.

MArcus Brutus, who lives still discontented in this Court of Par∣nassus, because that important business which he undertook of re∣covering the Roman Liberty, by the murder of the Tyrant Caesar, did not succeed well; went the other day to finde out Lucius Brutus, whom he earnestly desired to aquaint him with the reason, why both of them, be∣ing spurd on by the same generous thought of reducing their Countrey into Liberty; they did so much differ in the effect, adding, that he should be very much satisfied by knowing the excellency of his Conspi∣racy and what the faults were of that which he himself plotted against Caesar. Menante, who by great good fortune was by, when this demand was made; assures every one that Lucius Brutus did thus answer his kinsman. A good intention is not sufficient Cozen Marcus, to reap renown by great actions, it must be accompanied by judgment. Know then that in purging the Roman Empire from the ill humors of Tyran∣ny, wherewith I found her greatly opprest, I successfully imitated the art which skilful Physicians use in restoring health to a body that is sick of a Malignant Feaver: which had you done, you would not only not have committed that great error which caused so many mischiefs to your self, and to our whole Country, but should have happily acquired that glory, which hath made me immortal. Know then, that when I resolved to restore Liberty to our Country, I did first exactly consi∣der the body of the State of Rome in its sick condition, the quantity, and quality of the humors which she did abound within her sickness of servitude; and like a wise Physician, I prepared the peccant materials, and digested the crude Humors, with the syrrop of discontent and bad satisfaction which I dayly sowed in the People of Rome against the Tarquins; and the insolency committed against Lucretia, proved very lucky to me: for the unbridled lust of the Tyrant Tarquin, brought the people of Rome to that point of hatred and dispair, which I had al∣ways desired, so that finding the materials of discontent to be excel∣lently well prepared, by the water of the common peoples continual exclamations, with two onely ounces of laxative syrrope of Roses (re∣solution) which I knew how to make, by appearing head of the inraged Romans, with permition of the sick Commonwealths Militia, the bad humors of Tyranny were purged out, without the pains of death, or a∣ny alteration of Tumults, in lieu whereof the health of Liberty return∣ed to our Country. But you Cozen did not duly consider any of these

important particulars. For having with a rash resolution given your self over in prey to the zeal of recovering lost Liberty, the light of your understanding was so blinded, as made you fall into a more cruel servitude, and this was, when by the immature counsel which you put into action against Caesar in the Capitol, you gave the Roman Liberty a strong Purgation, compounded of Colloquintida, and Antimony, and other violent ingred ents, with which whilst you thought to evacuate the Crude humors, you did infinitely increase that malady, which having first wrought your ruine and the like of all your associates, occasioned at last that so famous sickness (the sad proscription) which did kill out∣right the most excellent Roman Liberty; and the Proverb is as true as common, that Conspiracies are not made out of curiosity of changing the Prince his Face, but for the important interest of changing Tyran∣ny into Liberty. And therefore in a business of such concernment, a man must confine himself by the Charity which he bears unto his Coun∣try, within the bounds of the love of Liberty, and hatred of the pub∣lick Tyrant; and among other considerations which ought to be had in a business of so great concernment, the chiefest is, to consider with exact diligence, the means whereby a Tyrant hath possest himself of his Countries Liberty, which whilst they continue in their vigour and strength, that Citizen wishes no good unto his Country; but is rather a cruel enemy thereunto, who by plotting against the Tyrants life, is cause of greater slavery to his fellow Citizens, and of much greater scandals to his Country. The Tarquins maintaind themselves in their usurped Liberty, by the love which they had cunningly won from the Romans, which when by their cruelties, libidinousness, and avarice, they had lost, the foundation of their greatness failed; and therefore it was not hard for me to restore my Country to her ancient Liberty. For I did not drive the Tarquins out of Rome by my Conspiracy, till being ready to be thrown headlong down by the publike hatred, I gave then a justle. But you did not do so; for it is evident that Caesar had pos∣sest himself of the publike Liberty, by the great good opinion he had in his Army, of which he had so many years been head, and by the mi∣raculous affection of the people of Rome, which he had won by his pro∣fuse liberality. And by killing him whilst he was master of these two powerful means, you did nothing else but change Caesar (who did study to secure himself in the State, onely by his clemency, and by his obli∣ging every body) into Augustus, who having seen the unfortunate end which Tyrants make, by using the indulgencies of Pardons, thought it a safer way for the perpetuating of his Dominion, to make use of that cruel great Proscription, the onely cause whereby after having reigned happily so long, he had power to transmit the Roman Empire, as Here∣ditary, into the Person of Tiberius.

The XXXI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Marcus Cato having to the infinite dislike of Princes, writ the word Libera underneath the Motto, Pugna pro Patria, which was set upon his gate, is commanded by Apollo to put is out.

SInce the first day that Marcus Cato, one of the Lavii Grandi of this Court built his house in Parnassus, he made these words Pugna pro Patria, be ingraven, and written in gold Letters upon his Portal, to the which some few days ago he added Libera: which the Princes of this State observing, they made great complaints to Apollo, protesting that unless that seditious word, which might set all the world on fire, were rased from off the Portal, great mischiefs were likely to arrive in Parnassus. And did further very much desire, that Cato, being the first in∣stituter of that wicked generation of men, who that they may appear to the base Plebeians to be lovers of Truth, do practice an impertinent Liberty, and superstitious pride over men, might for the correction and dread of others, be severely punisht. Cato was immediately sent for by Apollo, whom his Majesty blamed for having given just occasion of complaint and rumor to Princes, by the addition of that word. Cato boldly answered, that good men ought not to forbear to do or say any thing that became them, and what their Consciences bad them do, for the threats of whatsoever Princes; that it was a cruel thing, and which onely became ignorant and malicious men to cozen others with, senten∣ces which were onely specious in words: and that he thought it was great impiety to make the common people understand, that they were bound to defend that, even with their lives and faculties, as a thing pro∣perly belonging to them, wherein they had not the least interest: that therefore the word Libera was necessary, to declare the full signification of the sentence: for as it would be a great folly in one to take upon him to defend the title of a House, which he had onely hired, so that Country deserved to be defended by teeth, and hands, even to the effu∣sion of the last drop of blood, wherein a man commanded like a Master, not that wherein he obeyed like a slave. Apollo answered Cato, that he was in a great error; for it was not onely gross ignorance, but tending to sedition, to affirm that Princes had not Authority to compel their peo∣ple to take up Arms, and to defend their common Country, when they were assaulted by their enemies. Cato replyed, that he did not deny but that Princes had such Authority, but confest he said that there was nei∣ther any power or violence, which could inforce a man who took up Arms against his will, to shoot right forward, but that he might let his first shot flye rather towards his friends then towards his enemies. To this Apollo answered, that Princes had likewise Authority to force their souldiers to shoot justly, and to behave themselves couragiously, but

that they must be good Princes who have this Authority, such as by their Liberality, and great love, shown in their excellent Government, did force their subjects to defend their Princes Dominions, with the same gallantry and undanted valor, as they did their own private Patri∣mony: and that onely avaritious Princes, and such as thirsted after their subjects blood were too far from reaping any good by those soldi∣ers, whom they forst to go to the wars; as that they found them to be cruel enemies. That therefore he commanded him, to take the word that was added to the Sentence, immediately from off his gate, which was not onely superfluous for the Reasons which he had given, but for that when it was otherwise, gallant men understood it to be there, though it were not written; it not being fitting that the baser sort of people should be acquainted with the great secret, that that is onely the freemans Country where he is born; the slaves, that where he is best ac∣commodated.

The XXXII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Socrates being found dead in the morning on his bed, Apol∣lo useth all possible diligence ta learn the true reason of so suddain a death.

THis morning Socrates was found dead in his bed, who, was well when he lay down the last night; and his body, being exceedingly swoln, many do more then suspect that he was poysoned, and the Pere∣pateticks, bitter enemies to the Socratical sect, were very much blamed; the rather, for that every one knows that Aristotle, the Prince of so great a Sect, is very well verst in handling poyson. The very same morning, Socrates his whole family was imprisoned, out of which nothing could be got, but that some days before Socrates was seen to be very much troubled, and seeming to be exceedingly grieved inwardly, he oft times cryed out, O corrupt world, O depraved Age, O most un∣fortunate mankinde. Apollo who was exceedingly grieved at the loss of so famous a Phylosopher, commanded that his body should be carefully opened, and that it should be seen, whether any signes of poyson were to be found by his bowels, which being done, all his intrails were found to be open. Whence it was cleerly known, that Socrates, having taken too much wind of scandal, at the great dis∣composures, and infinite misbehaviors which he was necessitated to see in this depraved age, did even burst. Great were the Obsequies which were made for this noble Pesonage; and Marcus Tullius Cicero, (one who was very affectionate to the Socratical Sect) having in an e∣laborate Oration infinitely praised the truth of so famous a Philosophers Doctrine, and his exemplary life, did with many tears bewail the sad calamitie of these present times, wherein it being under pain of severe punishment, forbidden to play the Satyr, gallant men who saw things

every day committed, which ought to be publikely declaimed against, were forst to see, to say nothing, and to burst for vexation.

The XXXIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Hereditary Princes in Parnassus, do very much press Apollo, that the Emperor Tiberius may be removed from their Classis, and placed in that of Tyrants, and he defends his cause Victoriously before his Majesty.

IT is above 1500 year since Tiberius, who succeeded Augustus, was admitted into Parnassus, and had an honorable place alotted him, a∣mongst the Legitimate hereditary Princes, where he hath lived with such glory and splendor, as he hath always been held by the greatest Potentates of Parnassus, to be the Prince of wisdom, the very picture of vigilancy, not onely the Counceller, but the Oracle of all those Princes who go about by violence and severity to establish not onely a new Tyranny, but the mastery of any newly conquered State. For though it be to be confest by all men, that Caesar the Dictator was he who laid the first foundations of the Roman Empire, and that Augustus raised up the walls thereof even to the highest Cornish, it is not yet to be denyed but that Tiberius, when by happily transmitting it over to his Nephews son Caligula, he made it hereditary in the blood of the Iuli•…•… and Claudii, did wisely establish it, and gave it compleat perfection. A great action certainly, and onely becoming that Tiberius, who knowing so excellenly well how to conceal his own private passions, made him∣self be known to be an excellent Dr. in the cunning Art of discovering other mens thoughts; by which he may be said to have set the roof over the Roman Monarchy. A great Conspiracy was discovered some few days ago against this so mighty an Emperor, which was long before plotted against him by the greatest Princes of this Court, who accused him before his Majesty of being a Tyrant, as he who to the prejudice of Augustus his heirs, had by wicked means possest himself of the Empire, which they said he had governed with unheard of barbarous cruely for the space of two and twenty years, shewing himself always to be an im∣placable enemy of the Nobility, ravenous over the wealthy, bloody to men of great worth, and ungrateful to those that had served him faithfully; and this shameful accusation was aggravated by the Testi∣mony of Cornelius Tacitus, who having ever appeared by all his actions in this Court, to be circumspect, suffered himself notwithstanding to be so far carryed away by the violent Passion of hatred against Tiberius, as he made Affidavit before his Majesty, that under the rigorous go∣vernment of this Monster of Nature, Nobilit•…•…, opes, omissi, gesti∣que honoris pro Crimine, & ob vertutus certicimum exitium. Tacit. lib. 1. Hist.

This accusation wrought much with Apollo, who truely said that it was a great error, to have placed so cruel a Tyrant in the honorable Classis of Legitimate Princes; and at the same instant gave command that Tiberius should have notice given him, to appear in the Court the next day, and defend himself against that accusation. Then did all men call to mind the unfortunate condition of Princes, when Tiberius was seen to come out of his house alone, and forsaken by all his friends, to appear before the Judges; who though he thought that disertion to be an evident sign of his condemnation, yet entered he the Court with an undanted spirit; where though he was received with severe looks, and threatning jestures, both by his Majesty and the whole Senate of Ver∣tuosi, yet he seemed even then to be fullest of courage, when his danger appeared to be greatest. Silence being then proclaimed, Egiddio Bossio the Atturney General, read the accusation to Tiberius, and then Tiberius was commanded to say what he could in his own defence. Whereupon he thus began:

Prince of Learning! the accusations laid unto my charge by my ill-willers, are two; that I possest my self of the Ro∣man Empire by bad means; and that by the Government thereof I have used much cruelty towards the Nobility and other subjects of much merit and worth: the first is false; for how can it be objected that I came by the Roman Empire fraudulently, since by his last will and Testament Augustus made me his Heir, I confess that Agrippa Posthumus, and Germanious were neer allyed in blood to Augustus, but it must be considered that Augustu, was not so great a fool, as to be de∣ceived by any, how crafty and fraudulent a wit soever, in so important an affair, as the leaving of an Heir who might succeed him in so great an Empire. It must be believed that some weighty respect moved him to prefer me, who was not at all akin to him, before his Nephews: and thought I could upon this occasion, much to my praise, relate the ex∣cellent Art I used to work my self into the good will and affection of this great Prince, I will in this place onely mention this, that if Augustus had found such qualities in those of his blood, as he knew were requi∣site in him who was to be his heire, and which by all exquisite dili∣gence I endeavoured to make appear to be in me, neither would the love which Tacitus says Augustus bore to my mother, nor her allure∣ments, nor all my cunning, ever have been sufficient to induce that wise Prince to do so cruel an act as to disinherit his Nephews, and make a stranger his heir. But it will make for me, in this place, and upon this occasion to make known that my action, from whence I have always acknowledged my access unto the Roman Empire, as that which did compel Augustus to love me so immeasurably. It is wel known to al men that after the death of Marcus Agrippa, Augustus gave me his daughter Giulia for wife; it is likewise known to all men, what a one that great Princess proved; so as being scorned, by the pride and lasciviousness of that unchaste woman, when I found my honor wounded, I knew how to make use of that very occasion for my greater advancement, which was likely utterly to ruine all the hopes of my good fortune, wherein I had made so good a progress. For considering, that if (as my ho∣nor bound me to do) I should revenge the injury done me by my wife by putting her to death, the little respect which I should have born to Augustus his blood, might alienate him from me, and make him give

over his intentions of exalting me: and long arguing with my self the great difference that there was between an injury received from a wife of a disproportionable greatness to her husband, and that which is done by ones equal, I put on the bitter resolution of preferring the glory which I should win by obtaining the Roman Empire, before the shame of being publikely cuckolded by Iulia. Tiberius had gon thus far in

pleading his own excuse, when a lowd voice was heard in the Court to cry out thrice, O Traytor. Tiberius thinking that this was meant by him, protested to Apollo that that scorn was put upon the Court, and not up∣on him; Apollo finding how little he was respected by that rash fellow, whosoever he was that had said those words, commanded that he should be diligently sought for, and imprisoned, which was forthwith done, and it was found to be Iacomo Count of Marcia, a famous Prince of the blood of France; yet Apollo preferring the injury done unto him∣self, before the linage of that Prince, commanded him to be led to pri∣son. Then the Count did publikely profess, that he had not said those words either to injure his Majesty, or Tiberius, but that to unburthen himself of somewhat which lay heavy in his heart, he had called him∣self Traytor, not meaning Tiberius, nor any other person; for when he was marryed to the unchaste Queen Iane, by his foolish proceeding against her, (who had brought with her the Kingdom of Naples for her portion) as if she had been a private Gentlewoman, and by the severity which he like a Coxcomb used towards her, he to his infinite shame, lost both his wife, and Kingdom and consequently his reputati∣on; and was forst to flye from Naples, and to bury himself alive in a Monastery in France, where he dyed for meer madness; and that he had learnt by Tiberius his wise demeanor in the like case, that it had been more honorable for him to have lived a cornuted King in Naples, then a private man of honor in France. Apollo did then pardon the distur∣bance which that noble Frenchman had occasioned, and bad Tiberius proceed to make his defence, who said:

And because the too great connivance at the shameful life which my wife led in Rome, would cer∣tainly have rendred me contemptible both to the Senate and people of Rome, (a thing which would have been of equal danger to such a per∣sonage as I, who lived in hope of that greatness which I afterward ac∣quired, as the resentment of such an injury by way of revenge would have been) I chose the middle way between these two dangerous ex∣treams, which in dubious resolutions proves always best. So as not to be an eye-witness of that injury which I could neither revenge nor tolerate, I went from Rome under a pretence of living privatly, and hid my self in Rhodes. This my modesty, this great respect which I bore to Augustus his blood, was the true and chief cause which did not only induce him to love me, but which did oblige him to demonstrate that his love, in such sort as the world hath seen since his death, For this Pr. who was as wise as he was glorious, pittying my so much scorned con∣dition, and infinitely loathing his daughters infamous life, behaved himself so rigorously towards her, as his demeanor may serve for a rule to every wise Prince, how to handle their unchast daughters. If then so great Patience, if the respect, reverence, and perfect obedi∣ence, and so many other lawful pieces of cunning, which I continual∣ly used to work my self into Augustus his affection, be vitious com∣portments,

and fraudulent deceits, (as my enemis have represented them to your Majesty) I refer my self to those who are to judge upon my reputation. I now come to the second Article of my impeach∣ment. I acknowledge the cruelty which I am accused to have used towards the Romish Nobility to be true, and all that Tacitus hath said of me in that point, to be very true; but I desire that such difference as ought to be, be put between the cruelties used by a new Prince, and those which are practised by an ancient and hereditary Prince: for if I have taken away any mans life out of an innate cruelty, or thirst after humane blood, or out of any capricious inhumanity, I submit my self to the rigour of the Cornelian Law, as if I were one of the meanest and most abject plebeians of this State; but if it were meer State ne∣cessity which forced me to be cruel to those of Augustus his blood, to the chiefest Senators, the commanders of any extraordinary worth, and in fine, even to worth it self; I desire every one to consider how new Princes are necessitated to do horrid and cruel acts, though it be much against their Inclination. And upon this occasion, I will for my defence make use of my implacable accuser Tacitus his words. He hath openly profest that the horrible Proscription made by Augustus (which I confess did surpass all the most immense cruelties, that were ever commanded by cruel man) was done not out of any inclination to severity by those who of themselves did infinitely blame such an act, but onely out of meer State necessity. Sane Proscriptionem Civi∣um, divisiones Agrorum, neque ipsis quidem qui fecere Laudatas. Tacit. lib. 1 ••nnal.

These are Tacitus his words. Which if it be true, am I to be con∣demned for having wisely known how to establish my self in a new Principality, and for having had the wit to execute those precepts, which not only every other Politician, but even Tacitus hath publisht? and if it be true that indulgence, mansuetude, and clemency are then vices in a Prince, when such signal vertues are used towards those, who though they be pardoned, keep malice in their hearts, and covet re∣venge; is there any one here present who thinks that if I should have suffered Agrippa Posthumus, Germanicus, and the others of Augustus his blood, to have lived, that they would ever have sincerely loved my greatness? and if it be a grounded precept in Policy, that Princes ought to indeavour above all things, to reign void of jealousie, and if a Prince can never be said to be safe in a State, whilst those live who were driven out of it, or who pretend more right thereunto then he, will not every one, how little knowledge soever they have of worldly affairs, confess with me, that it was not any innate cruelty in me, but meer necessity of state Policy which forst me to appear so severe to∣wards those of Augustus his blood: for a Prince is wise in his cruelty, when (as Tacitus himself says he runs danger by being merciful. More∣over, the many slaughters, which I, and after me many other Empe∣rors gave order for, against the chiefest of the Roman Senators, ought not to be imputed to our cruelty, (as they do unjustly affirm who do now persecute me) but to the indiscreet pride of those Senators, who though they law Liberty banisht from out their Country, y••t through a proud stubbornness of not putting on the cloak of humbleness, or rather through a foolish ostentation of free speaking, when they

were inslaved, and of commanding in subjection, did every day more and more irritate Princes to use all sorts of severity and inhumanity, against people so proudly spirited. Hence it is Sir, that neither Taci∣tus, nor any other who writes my story, could ever say that I was se∣vere against any Citizens, or any of the Roman, or Provincial Plebei∣ans; for they never gave me any just occasion of suspition, but onely say that which I confess to be true, that I did persecute the noblest of the Roman Senate, the which I did to abase them, to terrifie them, to make them mistrustful one of another, to disunite them, and to make them indure that slavery, which I saw they did abhor: nor can any Politician teach me any better rules then these, to be made use of to the Nobles of a Country, which being but a little before bereft of its Li∣berty, will not onely not accommodate it self to servitude, but foolish∣ly pretends to limit the Princes Authority in commanding, and in ser∣vitude keeps the pride of freedom, and an inraged mind, upon any good occasion, to revenge the injury done unto its Liberty: whence it is, that hang-men, spies, and Atturney-Generals are the fittest in∣struments to establish a mans self in those new states which but a little before hath lost the Liberty of a free Commonwealth; for every cruel action is held a prudent resolution, when it secures the life, the state, and honor of that new Prince, who knows how to use it. More∣over I heartily desire every one to consider, that those who boasting of their worth and great vertue in the Roman Senate, would be known to be of a better condition then the rest did it not for that they were inamored of Vertue, not out of that onely nobleness of minde which ought to be in every one, who can be content to dye a private man, but that they might have a noble retinue, to win popular favour, & the Armies love: a great truth, & which hath not been better taught to such a Prince as my self by any writer, then by thee Tacitus: for thou freely sayst, that new Princes meet with no worser nor more wic∣ked a subject, then that worthy Senator, who makes use of Vertue, to chalk out the way to the ambition which he hath of Government. For after thou in thy Annals hast painted to the life the demeanor of that Traytor Sejanus, thou sayst these following words, which cleerly prove my intention. Palam compositus pudor, intus summa adipiscendi libido; ejusque causa modo largicio, & luxus, saepius industria ac Vigilantia, haud minus noxiae, quoties parando Regno finguntur. Tacit. lib. 4. Ann. And thou hast said well: for in a new State, not being yet secured in an hereditary descent, and where the tumultuous choosing of a Prince hath so large a scope, as it is lawful even for him that murders the Prince to aspire unto the Empire, those great subjects, those worthy, and all-deserving Officers, who are so much admired by private men, as they are thought by them to merit their Princes integral love, the highest preferments, best rewards; are notwithstanding known by him that reigns to be most pernitious, & fit to be rooted out. So as, the con∣dition of the Roman Empire being no less disorderly in her hereditary succession, then greatly tumultuous in her election, required in me that severe way of proceeding, which was onely able to save my life and preserve the State. Nor can I see how any man can blame the cruelty which I used towards the Roman Nobility, and the worthiest subjects of the Empire, since it would have been thought a great defect, and

much mis-becoming such a one as me, if I should have used that cle∣mency towards them, that mildness, and familiarity, which Caesar to his cost did, whose miserable end, dos cleerly teach all men, that states which are fraudulently possest, ought to be establisht by extraordinary severity. For the Nobility of subjugated Commonwealths, make use of the new Princes Clemency, only as of an excellent means to suppress him by Conspiracies: nor doth it any whit at all avail (as a man would think it should do) for the allaying of that rage of hatred, or quenching the great and perpetual desire which they have to vindicate the injury done them in their lost liberties, though thereby they run the greatest hazards and danger that can be incur'd.

The Judges did much approve of Tiberius his defence, for they did not onely allow of Augustus his last Will and Testament, and consequent∣ly of the legitimacy of Tiberius his succession, but they also considered that he being a new Prince, no ways allyed in blood to Augustus, and there being many Roman Senators better born then himself, according to the true rules of Tyrannical Policy, he was forced to use cruelty there where that veneration and Majesty was wanting, which the being born of Royal blood brings with it, and made his way, by sword and poy∣son, making himself be dreaded by those, who presumed too much upon themselves, and dared to paragonise their privat Nobility, with his im∣mense fortune who reigned; and that where to use clemency was preju∣dicial to the new Princes, the use even of unusual severity ought to be esteemed lawdable.

The XXXIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Hyppocrates having advised Apollo how to prevent the frequent deaths of sick folks, occasioned through the igno∣rance of Physicians, and proving unfortunate in that his advice, is in great danger of being severely punisht by his Majesty.

HYppocrates, that great Physician told Apollo some few days ago, that the world was so pesterd with ignorant Physicians, as unless some suddain remedy were taken for it, all mankind would be destroyed: for that sick folks were cured by ignorant Physicians, by new experiments, by contrary medicines, and rather by Mounte banks receits, then by ca∣nonical and true rules of Art; whence it was that many sick folks dyed, who if they had been administred unto by learned Physicians, might ea∣sily have been restored to their former healths. Apollo being advised by so famous a man, resolved to remedy so great an evil. Wherefore some six months ago he constituted a Colledge of the most famous Physici∣ans that the world ever had, the chief whereof were Cornelius Caelsus, Galen, Avesine, Fracastoro, Filopio, l'Altozmari, and the most merito∣rious

Girolimo Mercuriale, and made Hyppocrates, that Prince of Phy∣sick, head of the Colledge, which he endowed with ample Authority to provide experimented Physick, and of known vertue for mankinde. These Physicians first distributed out their orders, and Physicians were sent into all places, who for the greater safety of mens healths and long lives, were commanded to use nothing to their Patients, but common Glisters, Roman Oyntments, usual Purges; and in pestilent Feavers pectoral waters; but that when they should have occasion to let blood, to cure malignant Feavers, double Tertians, or other grievous maladies, they should be commanded to acquaint the Colledge speedily with eve∣ry particular accident that befel the sick party, with the condition of his sickness, with his several accesses of Feaver, and that in such cases they should be very careful of sending the water and excrements of the sick person every morning and evening to the Colledge, to the end that they might with better satisfaction to the sick party, take order for necessary Medicaments. The Physicians very willingly did what they were com∣manded by the Colledge. But it was not long ere the world was aware that those orders which were given with so much zeal to the publike good, wrought not that good effect which his Majesty perswaded him∣self they would have done; for the Physicians who administred Physick to the sick, were so perplext in putting on due resolutions in their ob∣servations of the several alterations and changes of the maladies, as they durst not upon any suddain accident that should arrive, succor the sick parties with any requisite and speedy help, but shewing more obedience to the Colledge, then charity to their Patients, refused to meddle with those maladies which would admit of no delay, without express Order from their superiors; and truely it was sad to see, that the time which should have been spent in the cure of their Patients, was imployed to no purpose by those Physicians in writing eloquent relations, and many learned advices to those of the Colledge, to whom with all dilligence they sent the water and excrements of the sick, which altering by rea∣son of the length of the way, it unfortunately fell out that the Colledg not being able to make any perfect judgement thereby, the Recipes which they sent proved oft times clean contrary to the malady of the Patient; moreover, the sickness whereof the Physitians had given an exact account, changed also before the answer could be brought; wherefore they were forced to send new relations, and new advertisements, which occasioned the necessary ruine of the sick parties, and oft times whilst they lay expecting medicaments from a far off, they arrived after the parties were dead, to whom they should have been ap∣plyed. All which were so foul inconveniences, as many men dyed more then had wont to do, insomuch as Apollo hearing thereof, he marvelled how so charitable a resolution could have so bad success. Wherefore Apollo thinking himself much abused by Hyppocrates, who under a pre∣tence of publike Charity, minded chiefly his own ambition, said in a publike Audience, that he now found, that Physicians neer at hand, though peradventure ignorant, were better for sick persons, then those that were more learned, if afar off; and afterwards dismist the Colledge, resolving to take some notable revenge upon Hyppocrates. But was dis∣swaded from it by Esculapius his earnest intreaties, who confessing Hip∣pocrrtes ambition, excused it by alleadging the common desire which all

men of Honor have to command, that they may not seem to hold the candle unto others, but be held to be somewhat more then ordinary.

The XXXV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Francisco Mauro, a Noble Italian Poet, having marryed the most vertuous Lady, Laura Terecino, is soon after jea∣lous of her, and kills her.

FRom the very first day that the lovely L. Lauro Terecina was admit∣ted into Parnassus, & that the most excellent Euterpe had taken her to be her waiting woman, she began to be much courted by many Amorous Poets, but those that made oftnest addresses to her, and which she per∣adventure liked better then the rest, were Francisco Maria Molza, and Francisco Mauro, being both of them very famous Poets of this Court. Illustrious Euterpe considering Laura's youth, her exquisite beauty, and how she was courted by so many Vertuosi, resolved to mary her speedily, and acquainting Laura with her intention, she found her very ready to obey her. Euterpe left it to her choice whether she would chose Mauro or Molza for her husband. Vertuous Terracina who would not resolve upon a business of such importance, by what was most pleasing to her eye, as many foolish women use to do, but, as the wiser sort do, by what appeared best unto her judgement, desired that she might see both their Poetries; which after she had perused several times, and duly consider∣ed them, she laid aside le Fitche del Molza as related in a weak and lan∣guishing stile, and chose Mauro's Fava, wherein she thought she found quainter conceits, and that it was more solidly written. The match be∣ing concluded, the marriage was soon celebrated. And Maurus being so meanly stockt as that he had nothing to trust to but his Capitola della Fava, had by his wife by way of Joynter, 15•…•…0 Octavoes ready paid down, besides an infinite number of Madrigals, Sonets, and Songs, made by that vertuous Lady. They had been marryed above a year, when Mauro observed that his wife wore a very rich Garter imboidered all over with pearl on her right leg, and on the other an usual slight one; and not being onely moved thereat, but greatly scandalized, for that he had often marked, that his wife was very proud of that Garter, and that when she met with any Vertuosi she would hold up her coats on that side higher then in modesty she ought to have done, he askt his wife what the meaning thereof might be, and whether there was any thing of secret therein or no? Lawra told him, that Edward the sixth King of England, in acknowledgement of her devotion towards him, had given her that Garter, which for her greater honor she wore upon solemn days, and that as being very affectionate to that great King, she had sworn to serve him upon all occasions, and to be always his most devoted faithful servant. Mauro grew so mad hereupon, as flying upon her, he said. Hast

thou then been so affronted thou wicked baggage, as (being the wife of an honorable Poet) to shame me, under the colour of Honor, by knowing an other man, and by receiving gifts from any other then thy husband, and shall not I, being thus injur'd in my honer, revenge my self? and this being said, it nothing availing the unfortunate and mise∣rable Terecina to beg pardon, nor to protest that she had never in any manner whatsoever injur'd her Nuptial bed, he laid hold upon a prohi∣hibited verse of six syllables, which he had about him, wherewith he stabd her sundry times in the throat, and kill'd her. This bestial resent∣ment did not only mightily displease all the L. Poetesses of this state, but did very much trouble all the greatest Litterati of Parnassus: so as both of them in great numbers appeared before Apollo, and with bitter words aecused Mauro, who was there present, that without having any just oc∣casion, to the great scorn of the honor of Knighthood of one of the greatest Kings of Europe, he had vilanously slain the most vertuous La∣dy of all Parnassus. To this Mauro couragiously answered, that it was true, he deserved to be severely punished by his Majesty; not for the just revenge he had taken of his unchaste wife, but for that he had so long deferred the revenge due to the reputation of a man of honor, it being many months since he was aware of the lewdness of that Garter. All the Princes that stood by were strangely moved to hear Mauro utter these words, who not being able to indure that honors conferd by them upon noble Forraigners, who did adhere and were affectionate to them should be accounted Vituperius, raised a great Noise in the Court, when Apollo to quench the fire in the beginning, which he foresaw was likely to break forth into a great combustion, said thus unto them. WriteO you Princes, in you•…•… hearts, with characters not to be rased out, this misfor∣tune which hath befaln Laura Tercina, for which Mauro ought rather to be remunerated by me, and commended by you, then punisht by my Judges, and by you blamed: and believe it for a certain Truth, that these favors, and honors which Princes confer upon Forreigners, are plain preludiums to their wanton desires of domineering, which they continually meditate how to bring about. The souls of subjects are linkt to their Princes by the straight bond of chaste, and holy Matrimo∣ny, and therefore, as chaste wives, they ought not so much as with their eys, to acknowledge or know any other P. then him whom Gods Laws hath set over them and the Laws of men, so far is it from being lawful for them to love them with their hearts, and vow loyalty to them: and you are great fools, if to revenge the infidelity of your subjects you wait the time till you can take them in the very act of adulterous Fel∣lonies. For wounds which cause dishonor, are warded, and put by by good Fencers before they hurt, they are fools that cure them when they are received; the very self same hour that you see any subject of yours but cast an eye upon a Forrain Prince, do as Mauro did, hold not your thumbs underneath your girdles, but imploy Gallowses and Ropes; and if upon your greatest occasions, and particularly when you wiil appear with honor before an Enemy Prince with your subjects Arms in hand, be not seen with a pair of horns on your head.

The XXXVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Thais, that famous Curtizan of the Comick Poets, is at last though after much debate, admitted into Parnassus; who much to Apollo's satisfaction, tells what good she hopes to bring to his Court.

IN the great Councel which was yesterday held in Parnassus by all the Litterati, and the most famous personages of this State, many, learned in all the Liberal Arts, who were lately come to this Court, were propounded to have honourable places allowed them in Par∣nassus; amongst which Thais, that common whore of the Comick Poets, was named for one, and found favourable suffrages, being extraordinarily assisted by Publius Terrentius, who was so partial on her behalf, as he held secret practice with all the Poets. And it hap∣ned that whilst the gates of Parnassus were opened to her, to the end that she might present her self before Apollo, and the Senate of the Vertuosi, to thank them for the favor she had received, the illustri∣ous Cardinal Alexander Fernese, accompanyed by a train of Pre∣lates, withstood Thais as she was about to enter, crying out a∣loud, that if so unworthy a person, from whom nothing but pub∣lick scandal could be expected, should be admitted into Parnassus, he for his part would rather be gone from thence, then see vertuous places profaned with such polutions, which were onely aboads for those Litterati, as by their words, writings, and exemplary lives, could prescribe wholsom Precepts unto others, and that he knew there were many Vertuosi who would put on the same resolution. Whilst the Cardinall spoke thus, and that he endeavoured by force to keep her out of the gate, she was so strongly assisted by a numerous squa∣dron of Poets, who backt Terrentius, as there began a very dangerous dispute at the gate. But wary Thais, who knew that she had al∣ways come by the worst in all the quarrels that she at any time before had ever been the occasion of, said aloud, that she did no ways intend to enter into Parnassus by force, but with the goodwill of every one, and more particularly by the approbation of those most illustrious and Holy Prelates: and that if they were thought worthy of an aboad in Parnassus who could give excellent Councel unto others, and wise Precepts, she should be unjustly dealt withal if she should be denyed to inhabit in those venerable places, and that though she knew she might of right claim an aboad in Parnassus, yet she would acknowledge it as a singular favor, and especially from those that did most withstand her: and that those that did not love to see her in Parnassus, were much deceived in the ill opinion they had of

her, for that there was not any one in those blest habitations, to whom she was not able to give such advertisements, as wiser nor more necessary, could not be given by any whatsoever Moral Phi∣losopher; and that it was not so much for the purchasing of Eter∣nity to her name, that she desired to live amongst the Vertuosi in Parnassus, as to be assisting unto many by her perpetual walking in the streets, and admonishing every one to live modestly ever a∣mongst their neighbours; and to shun the foul vice of calling their companion whore, as they would shun death; if their own Consci∣ences were not cleer: for that there being many wrangling Courti∣ers, they had oft times faln at such odds, as by blows and calum∣nious speeches they had wounded their reputations: and that Offi∣cers who went to have the Government of Provinces, could not learn the important and difficult Philosophy of getting monies in their governments, with reputation, from any more learned in∣structress, then from her, for that onely Thais knew the accurate Art of fleecing the flock with such diligence and dexterity, as they would rather seem to be tickled and rejoyce, then exclaim or make any noise, in which practice she boasted her self to be so singular, as she had seen her sweethearts a thousand times, to be then most in love with her, when being flead to the quick, and galled to the very bones, she had sent them raw and naked to the Hospital, from whence they have notwithstanding sent her amorous Epistles. That they who were greedy of riches, who did everywhere, and by all means, sweat and labour after the accumulating of Gold, might learn by her onely unfortunate example, that wealth ill got, through Gods just Anger vanisht into smoak; for of all the innu∣merable monies which she had suckt from out the veins of her lo∣vers, and the great riches which she robd many families of, she had now nothing remaining but those four lashes which every one might see upon her back; when if God had given a blessing to the mo∣nies which had past through her hand, instead whereof she had had a thousand curses; she might have vyed for wealth with any Prin∣cess. Next, that every one might learn, by her face which was so pleasing to her friends, by her flatteries, and falacies with which she used to delude and allure and intice those ill advised young men which she got into her hands; by her continual smiles, by which she covered her ravenous minde, and that sharp Rasor, wherewith without any manner of discretion or piety she did shave, nay, even flea her lovers; never to trust appearances, grateful acceptance, fair words, and offered courtesies, and never to give themselves over into any ones power, unless they had first perfectly anatomised them. For many such as she, had pleasing aspects, good looks, and sweet breaths, whose disguises being taken off by discreet persons, and their inside of their souls discovered, they were found to be stink∣ing carren, full of festered wounds, and to have false souls, and fraudulent hearts, and infinitely interessed. Then turning towards Cardinal Fernese; Thais said, And who when I shall have opened my house in Parnassus, ought more to frequent my schoole then your Excellency my most illustrious Sir, wherein you may learn

that important vertue of newtrality, which the Popes Nephews, such as your self, have so much need of: a Science wherein I am so well known, as I may read it in the schooles; for never being whilst I lived in the world, without twenty Pamphilioes, all ina∣mored of me, who all of them hated one another by reason of the jealousie which useth to be among young rivals, yet by my sagaci∣ty I have always known how to behave my self so dexterously with them, as I have rather taken their weapons from them, then put them into their hands: by which means I was able to reap great advantage from them, without ever loosing any one of them. A rare Precept, and a piece of cunning as singular, as hard to be put in practice: and the more necessary for such as your Lordship, for that you do not like me, who keep my lovers fast imprisoned by the strong chains of Lust; but you hold those whom you have been a Benefactor unto, by the weak thred of gra∣titude; which is broken by every least shadow of distaste, though it be unwarily given. And I have known many such as you, who by having unwisely been inamored on some one person, have not onely lost their own interest, but greatly ruined that friends Fortune whom they would exalt, by the jealousies which they have raised in all the rest of their followers, foolishly furnishing them with weapons, whereby they have forced those, who would other∣wise have been very grateful, to change the defect of partiality, with the vice of Ingratitude. All which are so true and necessa∣ry Advertisements, as if they be observed as they ought to be, by such as you are, you shall never have any reason upon any dis∣like, to complain more of your friends infidelity, then of the ha∣tred of those that love you. It being an observed rule by such as I am, that he who will be attended by many loving followers, must not be adulterously in love with one onely person.

The XXXVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Ambassadors of the Province of Marca being sent to this Court, in a publike Audience complaine unto his Majesty of an unfortunate affair which hath befaln his inhabitants of that Province, for which Apollo provides sufficient remedy, with singular demonstration of true love and affection.

THe Marchian Orator who came the last week to this Court, made his solemn entrance yesterday, being attended by the greatest part of the Nobility, and being clad in a long mourning weed, he appear∣ed in the Colledge of the Litterati, where after having made his low reverence to Apollo, he spoke thus. Monarch and Father of Learn∣ing, and you other Princes of the Cujus who hear me speak, whilst learning flourisht in the world, la Marca was so famous therein, as she had the fame to have Poets, Philosophers, Orators, and other great per∣sonages no whit inferior to those of Mantua, Athens, or Rome; in so much as she hath been by some great wits compared to Greece her self, that fruitful mother of all Sciences. But since her Litterati have been hewen in pieces and starved by Barbarians, Learning hath been also so trampled upon by them, as after the burning of so many famous Li∣braries, wherein the labors of the most learned writers perisht, having lost the Noble Latin tongue, the very rase of Doctors were quite lost, whose ruine hath occasioned the very last displanting of the noble Pro∣vince of Marca; for the noble Marchians being first called by the fa∣mous City of Iesi Piceini Aesini after the lamentable loss which they had of Dipthongs, as I have said they are remained Piceni Asini: so as truely I do not know any other greater calamity that ever befel any Na∣tion, which can be compared to this of ours, which by the loss of one onely Dipthong, hath so far lost her ancient reputation, as the unfortu∣nate Marchians cannot traffick, nor appear in the company of any gal∣lant men, but they must be twitted in the teeth with Asino. Here the Orator with abundance of tears ended his discourse, nor was there any one Litterato in that Audience who were not very sensible of the Mar∣chians misfortune, insomuch as Apollo himself being much moved at the misery of so noble a Province, called for some Paper and Ink, and with his own hand did again set the Dipthong to Iesi; and command∣ed Virgil, who was the Regent of scanning Verses, that the first sylla∣ble of Iesi should be pronounced long; and ordained upon pain of grievous punishment, that no man for the future should dare to call the Marchians Asini, since it was very true that mother Nature had sowed L'Asinita in so just a measure amongst all the Nations of the world, as every one had a share thereof equal to her companion.

The XXXVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Gonzalvo Ferrante Cordova desires Apollo that the title of Magno or Great may be confirmed unto him, and in∣stead of being granted his request, receives a very unsa∣tisfactory Answer.

GOnsalvo Ferrante Cordova, called by the Spaniards il Gran Capi∣tano, appeared some days ago in Parnassus, with a noble train of many Castilian Gentlemen, and having in a haughty Oration related unto his Majesty, his famous actions in war, demanded the confirmati∣on of the Title Magnns, which was given him by the consent of the whole Militia, and by all the Historians of Europe. Gonzalvo was graciously received by Apollo, who bad him give in in writing all his Military enterprises, and commanded afterwards that they should be diligently examined by Giovani Giovanno Pontano, by Francisco Guic∣chardin, and by the most reverend Paulus Iovius, and that they should make an exact report thereof to the Senate of History, to the end that if they should be found to be such as did deserve the Title of Magnus, they might confirm it unto him by his Majesties Authentick Letters Pattents. Gonsalvo delivered unto those Historians a very perfect Com∣mentary of all his Actions, which were by them diligently examined, and weighed; and afterwards made a full relation thereof in open Col∣ledge, where they resolved what answer should be given to Gonsalvo; who being sent for into the Court, Titus Livy the Master of the Col∣ledge, told in the name of the whole Senate; that they had very ex∣actly considered his war enterprises, and had at last concluded that for what he had done in Granada, being things done under the command of a C. who was his superior, according to the stile of the Court of Parnassus they were not to be reckoned upon, the whole glory of victory in such cases being given to the Captain General, who commanded the Army in chief; and that though he had been General at the business of dri∣ving the Moors out of the Kingdom of Granada, they thought the acti∣on was not such as might deservedly confer the glorious Title of Mag∣nus upon the Commander in chief; for it was no great business for all Spain to drive out a few Moors, who were divided amongst themselves, out of Granada. Then Livy added, that his enterprises done in Affrica, in the taking in of some small places, were not thought worthy to be considered in a subject, who demanding the high Prerogative of the Title of Magnus, must make it manifest unto the world that he had at∣chieved enterprises which were t•…•…ly Great; and that it appeared cleerly by his writings, that he had won all his reputation in Military affairs, in the war which he managed in the getting of the Kingdom of Naples, wherein two field battles were famous and worthy considerati∣on; the one given at Saminara, the other at Garigliano; which if they

were sufficient to purchase a man the Title of Magnus, there were so many Bellisarii, Narsetti, Carli Martelli, Scanderbegs, and other famous Captains in Parnassus, who had done more memorable acts, as their would be more Magni in the world then Parvi, to this Gonsolvo replyed, that he thought that in the Neapolitan war, they ought not to reflect upon particular actions, but to the whole noble work and enterprise which he had gloriously brought to an end, by winning a flourishing and strong kingdom unto his King and Master. Livy replyed, that they had also taken into their consideration, his winning of the whole King∣dom of Naples, wherein he seemed to suffer much in his reputation, as having therein used more fraud, then true Military valor; and th at therefore the History Colledge, had adjudged that Neapolitan enterprise not to deserve the name of an honorable atchievement; and that he was therefore to know that the glorious Title of Magnus was by a par∣ticular Prerogative onely granted to those who had atchieved valiant enterprises, by their meer Military worth and vertue: that therefore the Colledge could not possibly think that Gonsalva could pretend to have won the kingdom of Naples by force of Arms, whereinto being called but a little before as a friend, by the ill-advised Neapolitan Kings; and that he might defend them, afterwards when those unfortunate Kings stood in greatest need of help, and just then when they had put the whole kingdom into his hands, he had the heart to declare himself their Enemy, which whether it was an action fitting to confer the Title of Magnus upon him that did effect it, the History Colledge would make Gonsalva himself judge. Livy said moreover, that his obscu•…•…e Cata∣strophe, might be added to what had been said; misbecoming such a one as Gonsalvo, who desiring to be stiled Magnus, desired to be the Protosavio of the world, since after the acquisition of such a kingdom, not knowing how to secure his reputation, he most ignorantly suffered himself to be disarmed, to have the government of Naples afterwards taken from him, and to be brought back to Spain and be confined, and dye there mad. Gonsalva then exclaimed, and said: That Pompey had made a much more unfortunate end then he, and yet had obtained the title of Magnus. To which Livy answered, that according to the in∣stitutions of Parnassus, those who to compass an Empire lost their lives, or came by any other unfortunate end, lost no reputation; nor had Pompey the great any ways done so, who had always the same generous thought, (though he knew how to conceal it) as C•…•…sar had. In fine, Livy said, That the two inexcusable errors which Gonsalva made in his managing the taking of the kingdom of Naples, did much derogate from his desire, for that he did not onely exceed the bounds of a Com∣manders Liberality, and Authority, when after the conquest of so great a kingdom, by rewarding so many Barons. Commanders, and other deserving men, he had purchast unto himself an attendance of so ma∣ny signal subjects, not having the requisite head of leaving means unto his King to shew himself thankful to those who had served him: and that with affability, and behavior far differing from the austerity of his Nation, he had appeared openly to affect that attendance and love of the Neapolitan Barons, which ought mainly to be avoided by such a oneas he, who was the Officer of a King naturally very jealous, by which foolish proceeding he raised in him those jealousies, which he

could not free himself of without Gonzalva's ruine of reputation; and that the apprehension of affecting the government of other mens kingdoms, was neither given, nor born withal in wise men; for to be lukewarm in such cases, proved always a mortal advice to them that u∣sed it. Gonsalvo was much incenst to hear Livy speak thus, who could not forbear saying that he had served his King with such Loyalty as be∣came a Castilian Baron, that the cunning how to betray a mans Prince, was not known in Spain, and that the Lords of his Nation reputed it a greater honor to receive injuries from their Kings, then to betray them. To this Livy replyed, that if he were of so well a composed mind, he might do well to desire to be stiled an honest man, which should willing∣ly be granted him, and not Magnus, which he should have then deserved when he should have thought it more glorious to dye King of Naples, then to be confined to a poor Castle of Spain, onely for having deserved such a reward as could not be countercambiated by any thing else, then by the ingratitude which was used towards him. Then Gonsalva, with∣out bearing any respect to the place wherein were so many eminent per∣sons, said, that they proceeded unjustly with him; for that blaming his constant loyalty, they affirmed unto him in publike, that he should have received a better reward in •…•…arnassus; if he had been guilty of a thousand trecheries; and that King Ferdinando's ingratitude did not onely not obscure his reputation, but did infinitely add unto his glory; and that the reason of state which taught men that to measure their actions one∣ly by the compass of interest, not by the yard of reputation, was a Do∣•…•…e which better became great Kings and Princes, then such Cap∣tains as he was, in whom Perjuries, Treasons, and I recherie, were al∣ways accounted infamous, whereas the gaining of kingdoms by su∣preme Potentates, though by foul means, were termed glorious at∣chievements. Livy then replyed unto Gonsalva in bitter language, that the Italians were not so ignorant but that they very well knew that the Title which was given him in the business of Naples was Capitano Ma∣jor, which in Italian or in English is General, not Magnus; that he put too great a value upon himself; and that the History Colledge had ra∣ther bereave Bawdy-houses of the Title of Signoria, where it was bu∣ryed through the vanity of Ambitious men, then that they would send the so highly esteemed name of Magnus thither.

The XXXIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Many of the French Nobility intreat their Monarchy, that according as the Nobility of Commonwealths do, it may be lawful for them to use Marchandizing; and are by her shamefully denyed.

MAny of the Nobility of France, went some few days ago to visit the illustrious Venetian Liberty, and though they did much ad∣mire the Laws of living free, the excellent orders by which she maintains her self in that Liberty, which is now so hard to be found amongst men, yet they infinitely admire, and envy the greatness of the Noble Venetians, and did chiefly wonder, that the prime Senators of so excelse a Commonwealth, did freely exercise marchandising, which their Kings of France had declared to be mechanick, and they thought it very strange that the French Nobility should be made to believe, that the exercise of Arms, wherein men usually lose all their own estate, should be more Noble then that of Marchandise, which doth very much inrich men. Wherefore some of the prime Nobility of France, appeared not many days ago before their Monarchy, humbly desiring that she would be pleased, to declare by publike Edict that it was as honorable for her Nobility to follow Traffick and Marchandising, as it was held to be in the famous Commonwealths of Venice, Genua, and in many other Re∣publicks. The French Monarchy was much moved at this unexpect∣ed request; and as if something of unseemly, or misbecoming had been asked her, she with injurious words and an angry countenance, bad them be gone; and they thinking themselves greatly wronged, by be∣ing in so severe a manner denyed a request which they thought to be so just, appealed presently to Apollo, to whom they gave a particular ac∣count of all that had past between them and their Monarchy, and made the same request unto his M•…•…jesty. Apollo, who thought the French Nobility had demanded nothing but what was just, signifyed un•…•…o the French Monarchy, that if she should not satisfie her Nobility in the point that they might follow marchandising, without any ble∣mish to their honor, he could not choose but gratifie them therein. When the French Monarchy heard so great a novelty, that she might prevent so great a r•…•…ne which she foresaw was likely to fall upon her, came presently before Apollo, to whom she said, that his Majesty knew the true basis of her greatness, and her chiefest power lay in the swords of her Nobility, who having drunk in the opinion together with their milk, that merchandising was a thing as becoming Mechanick men, as mis-becoming those that were nobly born, and that the mystery of war, the managing of Arms, were the true Traffick, and proper Merchan∣dise of the Noblesse: and that to overthrow those solid foundations, would be no better then to annihilate not onely the kingdom of France,

but those likewise of Spain, England, Poland, and other Monarchies; which knowing very well the great necessity that powerful Potentates have of always keeping their Noblesse armed, had by mysterious cuning kept them from any thought of Merchandising, and that it was most certain that as soon as her Noblesse should taste the sweets of Trading, they would presently throw away their Arms, whereunto they were bred up, preferring the continual gain of Traffick, before the perpe∣tual expence of war; and that the effect which the use of Merchan∣dising produced amongst Senators, was plainly seen in all Common∣wealths, where for greediness of maintaining Traffick, they were seen to be too much inclined to peace. The same Monarchy did likewise put his Majesty in mind of the necessity she had of keeping her Noblesse in Arms, for she had found in all her most important actions, that a few of the Noblesse had overcome great Armies of Plebeians; for there was no comparison to be made between the valor and fidelity of the Noblesse who fought to win their Princes favor, and to purchase glory; and those foot taken up in the streets, who took up Arms onely for the poor gain of three Crowns a month. Apollo was much satisfy∣ed with these reasons alleadged by the French Monarchy; wherefore he not long after told those French Noblesse, who were returned to re∣ceive an answer of their business, that having reflected maturely upon their request, he thought it not convenient, that the French Noblesse famous throughout all the Nations of the world, for being born war∣riers, and whose true element was the perpetual managing of Arms, should now obscure their glory by the sordid gain of Merchandise; and that the ends of Republicks did very much differ from those of Monarchies: for the exercise of Merchandise, which by its continual gain did evidently abase mens spirits, made the expence of war seem odious and disarmed those who gave their minds thereunto, was not only good, but very excellent in Commonwealths; where such Senators whose Genius led them to the wars living in perpetual jealousie of their liber∣ty, were not a little suspected in free Countries, who desired that their Senators should rather be prudently wise, and greatly given to peace, then overmuch warlike; and thus were these French Noblesse dismist by his Majesty. And tis publikely said in this Court, that they were so exasperated by this repulse, as one of them was heard to say, O great God! What cheats, what cozenages are these which are put upon the Noblesse in Monarchies? and how can it be conceived by any man, what humane Law, what justice of God doth command, that to gain for a mans self by Merchandise should be thought shameful, and to plun∣der by Arms for others, should be held an honorable imployment.

The XL. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Honorable Title of Messere, being faln into a miserable condition, is shamefully driven out of the Kingdom of Naples; and not being received into Rome, (as it thought it should be) for its last Refuge hath its recourse to Apol∣lo, who assigns it a very satisfactory aboad.

IN the publike meetings of the Seats of Justice at Naples, (which the Neapolitans call Chiazza) it was two months since resolved, that the Title of Messere should be expel'd that kingdom, upon pain of grie∣vous punishment if his worship were not gone within three days. And because that honorable Title thought it had not deserved so scorn∣ful usage, to appease those Princes and Lords who were so highly in∣censt against him, he alleadged the Authority of Giovanni Scopa, An∣tonio Mancinello, and other excellent Grammarians, who did all agree, that the Barbarians, who from the Northern parts overran Italy, they had not onely through their ignorance of the Latin Tongue, corrupted the supreme Title of Here into Sire, but that those that followed after, changed that likewise into Messere which signified as much as My Here which is my Master; and that such a Title with which the Kings of France are pleased to honor their sacred Persons, was unworthily so abu∣sed by the Italians; but it being hereunto answered, that in the impor∣tant business of Titles no respect was had to the true worth thereof, but to the rate according to which it went in the Market, unfortunate Mes∣sere was forced to hide himself in the houses of some worshipful very old men, who complained very much that worshipful Messere should be so hardly dealth withal, even by shop-keepers, with which they remem∣bred that in former times the Kings of Naples made their own stile to be honored, and reverenced. But the business growing at last desperate, Messere took his journey for Rome by the weekly Carryer, at the same time that those honorable Titles of •…•…agnifici, Spectabili, Sereni, and Ge∣nerosi, fled secretly from the kingdom for fear of the like affront. When Messere was come to Rome, he was but badly received, by those Cour∣tiers who long before had thought it much scorn to be cloyed with the jacket of Illustre, Molto Illustre, and who hoped shortly to manumit l'Il∣lustrissimo. Wherefore Messere took his way towards Parnassus, whe∣ther he came some few days ago, and presenting himself before Apollo, acquainted him first with all his persecutions, and then earnestly intreat∣ed his Majesty, that he would appoint him out some aboad, where he might rest quiet, till such time as the flood of Ambition, which had infected even good men, were parted from the world. Apollo did much compassionate the persecutions of that honorable Title, and having first

communicated the business to the Censors, he resolved to recommend him to the care of the Ambassador of Marca, by whom being recei∣ved with great demonstrations of Love, and carryed home into his Country, letters of the twelfth of this month, are come by the ordina∣ry Post from Marca, which say that that kinde and loving Nation hath not onely willingly received Messere, but hath in great pomp admitted him into its Country, under an imbroydered cloth of state; and that Messere in recompence of that very great civility, taught the Marchi∣ans the very next day after his arrival, the true way of rosting the leaf of a Hog, and of sopping their bread in the Dripping-pan, letting that smoak go up the Chimney; which the Neapolitans, and other Nati∣ons which study appearance more then substance, feed much upon.

The XLI. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Censors of Parnassus, having by order from Apollo, published a rigorous Edict against Hypocrites, are forced to moderate it, by reason of a weighty particuler discove∣red unto them by Plato.

THe publike Censors of this Court, having learnt for certain, that a kind of goodness which is lately discovered in some of the Litte∣rati of Parnassus, is but a composure of artificial appearances, and real falshood, and that hellish hypocrisie gets every day more footing in mens minds, to the end that all Parnassus may not be infected with so contagious a disease, published by order from his Majesty, a severe Edict six days ago against Hypocrites. And is it not a great wonder that Plato himself who is held by all the Vertuosi of Parnassus to be the true Idea of all purity and sincerity, and the very pattern of goodness, should presently appear before the Censors Tribunal, and openly oppo∣sing himself to the Edict which was so generally well received, saying with his wonted freedom, that through the manifest ignorance of mo∣dern men, in judging upon the true condition of mens manners, it was a very pernitious resolution which was tane in Parnassus, to extirpate all that Hypocrisie, by which in these unfortunate times, even good men were forced to keep up their reputation; for plain-dealing men, peo∣ple of open hearts and cleer mindes, enemies to cunning and double dealing, who in former times were honored and admired like so many Demi-gods, were so far from being well esteemed of in this present Age; as to speak the naked truth, and to proceed in all a mans actions with sincerity, were nor esteemed good nor vertuous things, but rather scurrility, a relaxed life, a licentious way of proceeding, an unpolisht be∣haviour; wherefore even the best men, and those that formerly walked

in the approved way of bene vivere, & Latari, and who appeared to be capital Enemies to Hypocrisie, yet that they might by so wicked a vice maintain that credit and reputation, which they saw they lost by living honestly, were much against their will inforc'd to use Hypocrisie. The Censors did so much approve of this Counsel given by Plato; as they soon embraced it, and by a new Edict which they published, com∣plained, that in this so depraved Age, to the calamity of good men, and great good fortune of knaves and varlets, words freely, and merily spo∣ken in publike by jovial people, were more censured, then all the wick ed∣ness done in Privat by modern Hypocrites; wherefore Apollo, (though much against his will) granted leave to all gallant people of whatsoe∣ver sex to use, without incurring any punishment, the four-scoreth part of one grain of fine Hypocrisie.

The XLII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Immense bulk of the Ottoman Empire which was thought by the wisest men to be everlasting, doth now of it self so destroy it self, as it threatens present ruine.

THe vast Fabrick of the Ottoman Empire, (as is well known to all those that deal in Pernassus) is of so large a circuit, as it seems to be a great City, the walls whereof being built (though the Princes thereof be barbarous and illiterate) in an excellent way of politick Architecture, are of so solid materials, and with so corresponding Bul∣warks, Courtines, Platforms, Ditches, Ravelins, Scarfes, & Counter∣scarfes, as it was not onely thought by many of those who of late did consider it, to be as eternal as the world, but seemed as if by means of those Emperors who are still more and more ambitious to make it greater by the addition of new appertiments, it would like Nero's golden house, possess whole Pernassus; the strong Bulwarks of Tauris, Servan, Giorgia, Darbecca, and most of all those of Armenia, are not only almost all of them faln to the ground, but that strongest Bastion of the lesser Asia, hath lost so large a collop, as it threatens sodain ruine; so as those walls which seemed to be everlasting, do now of themselves moul∣der away and fall to ruine. A novelty which makes the beholders wonder very much, and puts them in minde of the instability of hu∣mane greatness; for though nothing appear more potent and immor∣tal to the eyes of men then great Empires, yet we see they sodainly and easily are overthrown. For if a man will demolish a Tower which is strongly built, he must labour long about it with Canon and Pick-axe; but to the ruine of any Empire how great and potent soever, one onely puff (though but very weak) of a Princes folly, or of a

private mans ambition, who hath good store of Followers, Mony, and Wit, is able to make it totter, and fall, before the ruine be expe∣cted.

The XLIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Prince of Helicon desires by an Embassador of his, from Apollo, the priviledge of ordaining birthright amongst the Nobles of his State; which his Majesty denies to grant.

THe Prince of Helicons Embassador, who came three days since to Pernassus, had audience given him yesterday by Apollo; whom he acquainted that his Prince, after having imbellished his flourishing state, with all those singular Ornaments which render great kingdoms respected, wanted nothing, but that the numerous Nobility which he had instituted there, might keep up their greatness perpetually; and be∣cause he knew that it was riches which onely preserved the splendor of great Families, he foresaw that the gallantry of his State would through peoples usual fruitfulness, in a short time turn to its former mean condi∣tion, if the fathers estate should be divided in equal parts amongst many brethren: and that the famous Nobilities of France, Spain, Germany, Po∣land, and other kingdomes, had maintained their greatness many hun∣dreds of yeers, onely by the advantage of birthright; wherefore his Prince (who was much his Majesties servant) did humbly beseech him that he would vouchsafe to grant him the priviledge of instituting the Law of birthright amongst the Nobility of his state. Apollo answer∣ed the Embassador, that he perceived his Prince did not consider what he asked; for it seemed he did not well know what it imports in a state, by rich patrimonies, and Pretence of Nobility to put the Bulls horns upon the head, and Woolves teeth in the mouths of meek sheep, ready to be milkt with both hands, and shorn to the very quick, when they wanted the pretension of that vain-glorious Nobility, which teaching o∣thers onely how to command like Lords, made the base slavery of obey∣ing known; and that those Potentates who had indeavoured to found and maintain a great Nobility in their states, by the institution of birth∣right, were at last aware that they had foolishly made them the heads of those people, who when they had wealthy men for their guides, and such as were remarkable for their Nobility, were dreadful to all Princes; and that great Families in all States served onely for Lan∣terns, which in the obscu•…•…est times of revolutions, gave light to the common people who walked in the dark. Wherefore in States where there was a numerous Nobility, it behoved Princes to live with the

punctilio of respect which was an unsufferable burthen; which those kingdoms wanted, where no such impediments being found, their pos∣sessors might justly and with much reason term themselves true and ab∣solute masters of their States: and that there wanted not examples of Noble men in France, Flanders, and elsewhere, who in foul Insurrecti∣ons made by themselves, durst take upon them the Title of Fathers of their Country, and the peoples Protectors; and who that they might Tyrannise over the people, and give Laws even to their natural Princes, were not ashamed to guild over their seditious taking up of Arms against their King, with the specious and charitable pretence of publick good. To this the Embassador answered, that the example of the warlike No∣bility of France, was the only thing which had induced his Prince, to de∣sire it so much in his State, for he found cleerly that the trechery of those who had made insurrections against their King, had been over∣come by the glorious French Noblesse; and that the noble kingdom of France, being armed by a no less numerous then warlike Noblesse, had taught the whole world, how much a numerous Noblesse imports in a kingdom; for 'twas they alone who by their unvanquishable swords had quenched the fire of those French Insurrections, which in a kingdom that had wanted so great a benefit, would have burnt eter∣nally. Apollo answered, that all this would have been true, if the French Insurrections, of which he spake, had been raised onely by the people, but that being apparently kindled by a great many of the Noblesse of that kingdom, the Physician would prove very ridiculous who should glory in the cure of a malady, of which through his gross ignorance he had been the onely cause: and that every wise Prince ought to keep from the fault of nursing up and nourishing Companions and brothers in his kingdom, since those Monarchs reigned most securely, who put the greatest distance between their greatness, and the lowliness of their subjects. That it nauseated his Majesty, as much as ignorance it self did, to see that there should be so arrogant and vain-glorious subjects in one of the chiefest kingdoms of Europe, who by the proud pre∣tence of their Nobility, durst affirm they were as nobly born as the King himself; as if any comparison which was not infinitely ridiculous and hateful, could be made between a spindle, and the Mast of a Tree, between Flyes and Elephants, between commanding, and obeying. And Apollo added, that it was this monstrous petulancy which made the Ottoman Emperors hold it the chief means of their security and great∣ness, and that not without reason, not to allow any the least shadow of Pretence to Nobility in their Dominions: and that those who would see narrowly into the effects which the Noblesse occasion in a kingdom, did not so much blame the resolution of those Emperors, as some did who understood very little of worldly affairs. For those great Princes, who in their affairs minded onely substance and not appearance, did in∣finitely abhor the boasting and vain-glory of those things which seem∣ed to be, and were not: and they abhord to see that a Nobleman who had no experience, or was not any ways skild in the affairs either of war or peace, should notwithstanding through the sole pretence of his empty Nobility, think those qualifications in the Militia to be due to him, which a Prince is so necessitated to confer upon the only worth and

merit of such Commanders whose hairs were grown gray under a Mur∣rion, and who by perpetually wearing of Curasses in actions of war had made their breasts and backs as hard as horn; and that that which a∣bove all other things made such people hateful, was to see them so wil∣ful, as not to obey antient Commanders of a less noble extract, though they themselves were but young; it being certainly an insufferable pre∣tension, to desire thorow fool•…•…sh ostentation, that the gifts of fortune should be esteemed by a Prince to be indowments of minde. In fine, Apollo said, that he though tit was greater cruelty, & high in•…•…ustice, that the estate should not be equally divided amongst those brothers who had one and the same Father and Mother. That he thought it fit some Prerogative should be given to the Primogeniture, but that it should be such as should make him appear to be the head of his house, not the Master of his Brethren: and that the rich and just right of Eldership which Fathers ought to leave in their Families was love and concord be∣tween his Children. And that it would be both great folly, and cru∣elty to introduce that primogeniture amongst private men, which oc∣casioning such scandals in the blood of Princes, as might be seen regi∣stred in history, was onely born withal for the publike peace sake, which the people would not enjoy, if kingdoms were divided, and that Pri∣mogeniture being onely advantagious to Princes, subjects who were ex∣cluded from Paternal Inheritance, were necessitated for their subsistance to take pay of them, and to be trained up in war, by which Princes secu∣red their States; that they might be furnisht with the same abundance of Military men as now they had with high injustice and the peoples ill will, if they should admit all Brothers to Paternal Inheritances; for that was onely the laudable Primogeniture which neither Princes, nor Parents, but brothers themselves by joynt agreement do erect in their Families, when one onely of them betaking himself to propagation, all the rest labour to augment the common Patrimony. Apollo conclu∣ded his answer with this, that he absolutely denyed to grant the Prince of Helicon the Primogeniture which he desired, because he could no longer behold those horrid Tragedies, and cruel machinations which were plotted amongst Brethren in those States where the use of Primo∣geniture was practised; for those who were excluded from paternal In∣heritance, left no sort of cruelty, or trechery unindeavoured to recom∣pence the foul injustice which was done them. Moreover, that all Pri∣mogeniture being grounded with much loss of blood, he feared he should not be able to find out any form of priviledge with so strong and strict proviso's, as would be able, to keep people excluded from their inheri∣tance from making, by a dagger in their hand, their Fathers last Will and Testament ineffectual.

The XLIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Duke of Alva being accused of cruelty, for having with exquisite diligence caused two of the prime subjects of his new Principality of Achaia, to be imprisoned, slain, and afterwards secretly buryed in their very prisons, de∣fends himself stoutly before Apollo.

SOon after the Duke of Alva had tane possession of the new Princi∣pality of Achaia, of which you heard at large by our late Letters, that severe spirit, who being wholly composed of wariness, and vigi∣lancy, seemed to be indowed by nature with all requisites in a Prince, who will with security govern States newly acquired. After he had ex∣actly observed the humors, and behaviors of some chief men of the State, he indeavoured to know who they were who had occasioned those many popular insurrections which had so much indangered the free State of Achaia: and at last he found apparently that all the for∣mer evils had had their rise from the ambition of two principal men, who being wealthy, liberal, courteous, and more ambitious of government then became subjects, to be: qualities, which in any whatsoever cor∣rupted Commonwealth, or newly founded principality, make him who possesseth them formidable, and by those means infinitely beloved by the people; the Prince, to secure the quiet of his State, thought it very necessary to rid the world of so dangerous subjects; so as with admi∣rable dexterity and secrecy he got them both into his hands, and with necessary resolution, made them be put to death and buryed the very hour that they were imprisoned. This cruel and resolute action, not u∣sually heard of, nor seen, in a State, which never having known what be∣longed to servitude, was not acquainted with those severe resentments which Princes through jealousie of State use to take, gave that bad sa∣tisfaction to the Nobility, which the severity of a new Prince usually doth, when it is exercised against those ambitious popular Chieftains who by their seditions abuse Liberty, and precipitate it into Tyranny; and was of great terror to the common people; who though they were much incenst against their Prince, yet when they saw their leading men vvere tane from them, they neither had courage nor vvit to move; but as is usual upon such like occasions, changed their insolency into admi∣ration or vvonder, their boldness into fear, their acting of resentments into complaints by vvord, and to threatning that revenge, vvhich of themselves they had not vvit to execute. The end of their rancor vvas then, the making of such appeals to Apollo against their Prince, as his Majesty straitly commanded him to make his present appearance in Parnassus, and plead his justification against those imputations. Alva obeyed, and having acquainted his Majesty vvith their tedious conditi∣ons, shevved him cleerly, that to secure himself in the Government of

his new Principality, he was necessitated to use the wonted remedy of taking off the heads of the seditious people, which Apollo seemed to be but little satisfyed with; but told Alva, that though the death of those two seditious men might be requisite, yet he could not approve of the manner; for that Princes who in the important resolution of putting any of their subjects to death, did not proceed by the rules of known Justice, injured their own reputation, and interest; and that Princes were obliged to make known to all the world, the true reason which made them proceed with severity against their subjects; and that the Delinquents punishment ought to be publick, not onely for the Prince his Justification, but to terrifie others, and keep them from doing amiss. The Prince grew pale, to hear Apollo speak thus positively, and answer∣ed, that the aforesaid two persons were so mightily beloved by the People, as if they should have been proceeded against by the usual course of Justice, and that they had been executed (as he acknowledged they should have been) in the publike Piazza, it was odds but that the People would by violence have taken them from the hands of Justice; which disorder though it might have been prevented by guards of arm∣ed men, yet it was most certain, that the publike death of such prime men, and who were so dearly beloved by their State, would have caused such compunction, & such alteration in the minds of his Vassals, as, if not at that instant, they would at least at some other time leave no∣thing unattempted to revenge it. Which respects made him keep from purging the body of his State, from those malignant humors which it abounded in, by approved Medicines; for certainly he should have stirred up such store of more pernicious humors, as would have much aggravated the malady. That it was a trivial politick Precept, to fright∣en the meaner sort of people from committing wickedness, by the spe∣ctacle of mechanicks in the Piazza's, and other publike places; but that personages of quality, who were beloved by the People, and whom Princes put to death, onely for the safety of their State, their deaths and burials must ensue their imprisonment, in secret places; for to punish signal men publikely upon scaffolds, did not beget fear in men, but rage of revenge. Apollo then asked the Prince, how long it had been since he had learned that Precept; the Prince answered that whilst he was a young man he learned it of a Florentine, who was his Master in the Po∣liticks; Apollo asked him again, why he practised the contrary in the memorable, and fatal resolution which he took in the business of Prince Egmont, and Count Horn; Alva boldly answered his Malesty, that the interests were different in him who governed a Province as an other mans substitute, and in him who was absolute Prince thereof; and that Nature had made men wiser in governing their own particular affairs, then those of their Masters; and that many who seemed to be blinde in the government of other mens States, were more then Argus-eyed in their own affairs.

The XLV. ADVERTISEMENT.

A chief subject of the Province of Macedonia, being hi∣red by the Prince of Epire at a great salary, when he came to know the right cause why that pension was given him, doth magnanimously refuse it.

THe Prince of Epire, who gives great Pensions to the chief Coun∣sellors of divers of his neighbouring Potentates, hath for a long time past, paid great sums of money yearly to a chief Baron of Mace∣donia, who is very well beloved, and hath many followers in that Nati∣on: who believing that this the Prince of Epires Liberality, proceeded from meer love, & sincerity of mind, to free himself from the superio∣rity of any other Prince, which might disturb him in his service, that he might be the more able to serve the Prince of Epire to the utmost of his power, sold all his estate in Macedonia, and by the monies which he got for it, purchast great store of Land in Epire, whither he went to make his aboad, intending for the future to make Epire his Countrey; and applyed himself with such assiduity, and so faithfully to the service of that Prince; as he surpast all the rest of his Highness servants in his diligence, and care in all those things of importance, wherein he was trusted. But going to the pay-masters to receive his wonted half years Pension, he much to his astonishment found, that by order from the Treasurers, his Pension was taken away. Which he presently acquaint∣ed the Prince with, and complained that whilst the merits of his ser∣vice increased, his reward was lessened. The Prince answered, that he having changed his Country, and being of a friend become his servant, his case was altered. That he could purchase that of his equals which though he named it not, yet the Baron might be wise enough to under∣stand; that upon all occasions he could purchase loyalty, and diligence a great deal better cheap of his own vassals. The Baron understood then whither the Pension tended that had been assigned him by the Prince of Epire, and blushing very much, stoutly answered him, Sir, the reputation which I live in in my Countrey, hath cost me an ounce of blood for every ten pounds worth thereof, in all the war that hath hap∣ned in Europe since I wrote man; let not your Highness think me so great a Prodigal, as that I will sell it you for 3 shillings the pound. And after this having withdrawn himself from his new Barony which he had purchast in Epire, he took his leave of the Prince, and returned to his own Country, admired and commended by all men for that his noble resolution, but imitated but by a few.

The XLVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

The tenth of June is observed as a sad and mournful day in Parnassus; in memory of the unfortunate loss of the De∣cads of Titus Livy.

YEsterday which was the tenth of Iune, was (according to custom) observed as a day of mourning in Pernassus; for that on that un∣fortunate day, by the burning of the Library in the Capitol, the great∣est part of Livies Decads were lost; which loss is bitterly bewayled, and will ever be so by all the lovers of learning. On which day, in sign of extraordinary sorrow, the Royal Palace dis-robes it self of all its Majesty: and together with all publick Schools, and chief Market places, is lined with mourning Bays; and the very Delphick Library, (a thing not done upon any other sad occasion) is shut up all that day. Honorable Obsequies were made to so famous writings; and the Cere∣mony being ended, Rafael Volaterano in a mournful Oration lamented so great a loss: and just as he was in the height of his inveighing against the ignorance of those sacrilegious persons, it happened that a nimble Poet, were it either out of meer compunction of mind, or that he would purchase reputation, by shewing the whole Colledge of Vertuosi, how very sensible he was of that loss, broke forth into so loud lamenta∣tions, as the Orator could be no longer heard, and not being able to quiet himself, though he was willed to do so by the Censors; Apollo who was present at the Obsequies, and who upon this mournful occasi∣on had covered himself with a dark Cloud, being impatient to hear that noise, and that he might the better behold his face who wept so down∣rightly, by the violence of his beams rarifyed the Cloud, and found it to be Caesar Caporali, who not caring to see the yet remaining Decads of that admirable writer, did with such lamentations bewayl those that were lost: which extraordinary affection caused so lowd a laughter in all the standers by, as Volaterrano's Oration, which in the midst thereof was interrupted by the general lamentings of the Literati, could not be ended by reason of every ones great laughter.

The XLVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo having appointed Hospitals to every Nation, for their fools, puts down that of Florence, by reason of the few fools that are found amongst the Florentines, and adds the Revenue thereof to the Lombards Hospital, which by reason of the greater number of fools that flock thither, was run far in Arrears.

IT being found by long experience, that there is no Nation in the world, wherein there are not great store of fools, Apollo, that he might find timely remedy, according to his custom, for mens miseries, erected many hundred years ago, an Hospital for fools in every Nation; which he indowed with rich Revenues; to the end that they might be furnished with all things requisite for the cure of such as Divine Justice had for their misdemerits punisht, by making them shallow braind. And because the Hospital of the noble Florentine Nation, by reason of the very few fools that it produceth, is at little or no cost, and it being on the contrary seen, that there is so great a concourse of Lombard fools, as their Hospital is not able to receive them all, nor can supply the great expence which it is forced to be at; his Majesty some few daies ago, of his own meer motion, put down the Hospital of the Florentine fools, and gave the Revenues thereof to that of Lombardy, the Lombards being for the most part besotted with the foul indignity of playing the Hectors, holding it to be a great honor, to be followed by a great num∣ber of Swashbucklers.

The XLVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo's Sea-Captains, having in one of their Assemblies made many usefull Decrees for their Militia, his Majesty orders that they be made known to Courtiers, and com∣mands the punctual observancy of them.

THe many meetings had by his Majesties Sea-Captains, ended not before yesterday; whereupon the General, Andrea Doria, came this morning with the Constitutions therein established to Apollo, to have his Majesties Royal assent thereunto: It is known that his Maje∣sty received great satisfaction by the Decree made touching the Galli∣slaves, who when they are beaten by the Masters Mate, may not turn a∣bout to look upon him, not fence the blow, not complain, and much less rail at him that beats them, upon pain of undergoing thrice as ma∣ny lashes; but they must so patiently, and so contentedly receive their correction, as their great humility moves the Masters Mate to be rather charitable then severe unto them. After Apollo had much com∣mended this Decree, he gave order that it should be judiciously inti∣mated to all those miserable creatures, who for their secret misdeserts, are by Divine Justice condemned to tug at an Oar in the Court of Rome, or in any other Court, to the end that they may learn with patience to suffer the blows (the misusage) the lashes (the distasts) which they in Courts receive from their Masters; and that they do not murmur there∣at, but may rather thereby with courage suffer tribulation, and betake themselves with the better will to the oar of slavery, and by so doing, inforce the Prince to be rather liberal and gracious towards them, then to redouble their blows (their discourtesies) their lashes (their ill usage.) For to murmur, complain, or call their Master ingrateful, doth beget in him such obstinacy, not to reward one who may otherw•…•…se be of some desert, even as the curses and blasphemies which the Gally-slaves use to those that correct them, are the true causes which draws on their more severe correction. Which is so true a thing, as Princes hold it for an undeniable maxim, That an open enemy, and a distasted Courtier, Dif∣ferant nomine, nonre.

The XLIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Natalis Comes, an Historian, is severely punisht by Apol∣lo, for having said somewhat in an Assembly of the Li∣terati, which did hainously offend his Majesty.

VVHilst Natalis Comes, the Latin Historian discoursed some daies since under Melpomenes Porch, together with many other Literati of this Court, of the glory of those great Princes, who have left eternal memory behind them, of their honorable actions; accor∣ding to the custom of Historians, tearmed the seisure or getting of a Kingdom, made by a Potent Prince, without any title of right or justice, a glorious atchievement: Which being suddenly carried to Apollo's ear by those malignant spirits, which both the air and earth doe continu∣ally abound in, his Majesty grew so incenst against Natalis, as at the very instant that he was brought prisoner to him, he forbad him entrance into any of the Libraries for three year: And though his Majesty hath been intreated by the chief Historians of this State, to shew some mercy to this his Vertuoso, he hath not only denied to doe it, but hath freely said, that since there could be no greater wickedness committed, then the unjust liberty which some Princes have usurped to bereave one ano∣ther of their States; an action which hath filled the whole world with those sad disorders, wherewith mankind is so much afflicted; he thought it too sore an iniquity, that any so perfidious Literato should be found in his State, who should dare to call those wicked thefts, which are not committed without a million of aggravating circumstances, glorious at∣chievements.

The L. ADVERTISEMENT.

The chief Monarchies of Europe and Asia, which now reside in Parnassus, fall sick at one and the same instant, and not being to be cured by Esculapius, Hippocrates, or any o∣ther able Physitian, they are restored to their health by a skilful Farrier.

EVery one in Parnassus did infinitely wonder, that upon one and the same day, all the chief Monarchies of Europe and Asia should fall desperately sick, which many thought occasioned through the putrifacti∣on of the air, or by some unauspitious aspects of the heavens. Apollo

did not only send excellent remedies to all those Potentates, but all the chief Physitians of this Court; and commanded that great Esculapius should himself be assistant to their cure, so as no remedy was left untri'd by so rare Physitians, that so eminent personages might recover their healths; but all proved to no purpose; for all the Physitians did infi∣nitely wonder, that though their Medicines were most generous, and ve∣ry proper for the malady, yet they did not work according to their particular vertues; that their Manna, Laxative Syrup, and Sena it self, though given in great quantity, should rather prove restringent, then cause usual evacuations; by reason of which strange novelties, wise E∣sculapius, and the rest of the rare Physitians, thinking that Nature yield∣ed to the malady by reason of her weakness, gave over the cure, as de∣sperat. It hapned in this interim, that a learned Politician went meerly by way of visit, to see one of those sick Princes, who had ben his antient Master; from whom he understood the condition of his sickness, and then desired to know what remedies were apply'd unto him; and when he was satisfied in this his desire, he found fault with the Medicines which were given him, and exclaimed mightily against the Physitians, not sticking to call them all ignorant puppies, and forthwith sent with all speed for the Farrier of Parnassus, who is trusted with the cure of Pegasus. Who suddenly appearing, he staid not to hear the relation of the sickness, from the Patients own mouth, as Physitians use to doe, but without either feeling of Pulse, or casting of water, he presently knew the quality of the infirmity, and straitwaies made a composition of Dragons bloud, Bolearmenick, whites of Egs, and spreading it upon lint, made Plasters of it, and applyed them to those Princes, and then made large swathes for their legs and arms, afterwards he gave them a Laxative potion to drink in a syrup, ordained by Galen. These Medi∣cines which were very much blamed and laught at by Esculapius, Hip∣pocrates, and all the prime Physitians, did in a few hours work so well with these Princes, as they soon forsook their beds, and ran skipping and leaping about more nimbly then ever they had done before. Where∣upon all the Vertuosi of Parnassus, when they saw such admirable effects, were much astonished, that Empires, Kingdoms, and great States which could not be cured of the disorders which they were run into, by skil∣full Physitians, with their Rubarbs, and other Canonical Medicines, should be so soon restored to their healths, by a drench for a horse, given them by a silly Farrier.

The LI. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Achaians being much incenst against the Duke of Alva, for his cruel proceeding against their two Chief∣tains, take up Arms, and drive him out of their State.

VVHilst the Duke of Alva, after the execution of the two chief Heads of the People (whereof you lately heard) sought to se∣cure his State, by using great severity in the taking away of mens lives, his Countrey grew still more and more unquiet, it not being alwaies true, That to fall at the first, in new gotten and jealous States, to the ex∣tirpating of such as are most eminent, either for birth, attendance, worth, or riches, does free Princes of the jealousies which they have of the No∣bility and people: For some chief men of Achaia, as soon as they saw those two Ring-leaders of theirs put to death, only because they were much esteemed and beloved by the people, began to apprehend their own ruine: And because gallant men cannot live long in fear of danger, they thought it not only a safe way to be speedy, but (not being able to live quietly and void of suspition) they fell chearfully upon rash counsels; many of the best wits of Achaia made themselves the peoples heads, being grieved to see that the love which they bore to those two who made so unfortunate an end, should be judged a fault deserving death. So as the Duke of Alva's severity wrought the effect, which is usual in new Tyrannies which are crept into Free Countries, by reason of the discord between the Nobility and Commonalty, of reuniting the No∣bles and Plebeians in perfect love and charity, that so they may recover that Liberty by union, which they lost by foolish civil discord. The whole people of Achaia therefore, led on by the Nobility, took up arms upon an appointed day, and falling fowle upon their Prince, drove him easily out of the State. And it is now two daies since Alva reco∣vered Parnassus, and came immediately to do his obeysance to his Ma∣jesty, who did not only rece•…•…ve him very coolly, but was sorry that he had been deceived in the good opinion he had had of him. The Duke would have excused himself, and have alleadged reasons for his discrimi∣nation, but Apollo bad him hold his peace, and told him that such a one as he ought to know, that it was unwisely done by them who intended to make a Free People willingly to accept of slavery, to use cruelty (as he had done) at the very first beginning, and open inhumanity against the chief Personages of the State; whereby the people being made to de∣spair, they would try all means to free themselves from that heavy yoak of servitude, which they were unacquainted with; and that a business of such importance must be purchast by length of time, by little and little, insensibly introducing slavery amongst the people, and bereaving them of their Liberty, whilst they were not aware of it. The Duke reply'd, That he had learnt by Augustus his Proscription, by which ex∣tinguishing all the prime Nobility of Rome, he bereaft the people of

their Chieftains, that new Principalities were to be grounded by such means as he had used which counsel he had likewise learnt of Tacitus, who saies, nihil ausuram Plebem principibus amotis. Tacit. lib. 1. Annal.

To this Apollo answered, That he failed alwaies in his resolutions, who governing his own present actions by former examples, had not the same requisite circumstances as they had whom he took for his safe Pre∣sident; and that he ought to have considered, that in new Principalities, he could only safely practise that Ta•…•…quinian Precept of cutting off the heads of the highest Poppies, and which great Augustus knew so well how to put in execution, who had the like circumstances as that great Emperor had, who being armed, and victorious, could not only with safe∣ty make that so famous Proscription, but might easily quel any popular insurrection in Rome, by the same forces whereby he had annihilated the Roman Nobility: And that the Duke wanting that leaning-stock, in the using of the same severities which Augustus had happily practised, was much deceived; and that the example of the unfortunate Duke of Athens, who was called in by the Florentines to Govern their Countrey, being very like his case, did make it clearly appear to the whole world, That Principalities whereunto others are called by reason of the dissenti∣on of Citizens, are not secured by sudden and severe cruelties used a∣gainst the chief Subjects, but by cunningly keeping up, and heightning those divisions between the Nobility and common people, which ha∣ving occasioned the expulsion of the antient Liberty from out the Com∣monwealth, had introduced new slavery; and that such Princes ought, above all things, to keep themselves from doing any thing which might cause such universal distaste, as through meer dispair, might make the people reunite themselves with the Nobility; and that he saw every day more clearly, that the Spaniards wit was miraculous in the well govern∣ing of those people, which being born, and having perpetually lived un∣der Monarchy, received all servitude willingly; but that in Governing Nations that were either naturally Free, and indowed with ample Privi∣ledges, or which being lately past from Liberty into Slavery, Nec totam Libertatem, nec totam servitutem pati possunt. Lib. 1. Hist. was a business which did not suit well with the wits of those Nations, which having Promptum ad asperiora ingenium. Tacit. lib. 1. Annal. were extrordinary Prompti ferocibus.

The LII. ADVERTISEMENT.

An Italian Gentleman, for having lost much bloud in the ser∣vice of a great Prince, is honoured by him with a Noble Order of Knighthood, who being but slightly esteemed of by those of his own Countrey, asks Apollo by what rea∣sons he may satisfie those his deriders, that he was the more richly rewarded, in that he was paid in Honour, and not in Gold or Silver.

THe Gentleman of Italy who came to this Court the last week, did not (as many did believe) negotiate the publick affairs of any Prince, but treated of some things concerning his own particular self: For being brought to have Audience of his Majesty, he told him, that having for many years served a great Prince in his important Wars, for the much bloud which he had lost, and monies which he had therein spent, he was rewarded by that liberal Prince with a most Noble Order of Knighthood; and that when he returned to his own Countrey, that rich reward was laught at by those his fellow-Citizens, who love no∣thing but ready money: That therefore he most humbly beseeched his Majesty that he would be pleased to furnish him with such reasons as might serve him to convince those his deriders. To this Apollo answer∣ed, That he might sufficiently satisfie every one by giving an account of the annual Revenue of the Commendum of his Order of Knighthood. The Gentleman said, The Order of his Knighthood had no advantage of Commendum. To which Apollo said, That his affairs being in so sad a condition, it could not by any conclusive reason be proved, that the ho∣nour of Knighthood added more to him who received it, in point of honour and reputation, then what he had formerly merited by his ho∣nourable actions; but that it was the simplicity of mind, and sincerity of heart, which did believe well in the favour of Princes.

The LIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo finding that his having allowed the use of the 80 part of one grain of hypocrisie to his Vertuosi, had wrought very bad effects, does not only recall that his favour by publick Edict, but thunders out exceeding severe punishments a∣gainst hypocrites.

YOu heard by our former expresses, That the gallant men of this Court, who follow the noble Rule of Bene Vivere & Laetari, not be∣ing sufficiently informed of the malice and wickedness of those false hy∣pocrites, who by way of loose life, and corrupted customs, have the li∣berty of speaking from their hearts, were by Plato's means perswaded to desire leave of the Censors, that they might make use of a little hy∣pocrisie; which they obtained with very bad consequence; for they soon were aware that hypocrisie is like a contagious disease, never so lit∣tle whereof spreads soon over the whole body: A disorder which those gallant men which have been spoken of, found to be very true: Who though they did strangely abhor so lewd a vice, and consequently bore a mortal hatred to hypocrites, yet that eightieth part of one grain of hy∣pocrisie which they took, was sufficient to infect, in a few daies, all their sincere and plain dealing. For they grew so in love with the credit and reputation which they got by that seeming modesty, and counterfeit de∣votion and charity, as they gave themselves wholly over, both in soul and body, in prey to that horrid vice, which but a little before they did so much detest: And all this with such disorder to the affairs of this State, as in a short time whole Parnassus was nothing but hypocrisie. As soon as Apollo found this inconvenience, he resolved by all means possi∣ble, to extirpate so venemous a plant by the very root from out his State. And knowing that cankers, and fistulated wounds must be cu∣red by fire and razor, he forthwith fell upon an extraordinary piece of ri∣gor; for on Tuesday morning he caused an Edict to be published in the place appointed for such purposes, whereby he strictly commanded eve∣ry one that was subject to his Jurisdiction, That within three daies he should cleanse his soul from that wicked filth of hypocrisie; declaring, That from that time forward, he did annul and make void that permission which a little before was by his Censors granted to gallant men, of the use of the eightieth part of one grain of hypocrisie: And that those three daies being over, which he peremptorily prescribed as the utmost limit of time to all men; all such as should be found guilty of so infamous a fault, should not only be declared open enemies to all vertue, uncapable or any fame or glory, or of ever acquiring any honour, but he declared them to the whole world, to be viperous creatures, shamelesly infamous; and that by all the Plenipotentiary power which he had over his Vertu∣osi, he declared them from that time forward to be grosly ignorant. Moreover, that so ho•…•…id a monster should for the time to come, be for ever banished from out his Vertuosi, and be by them detested and abhor∣red;

he commanded that those who should be known to be guilty of so fowle a fault, might without any punishment to the inflicters, be shamed, vituperated, and rendred infamous; as putrified members, fit to be am∣putated from the body of the Literati, by Satyrical Poets with their biting Verses, by Orators with their stinging invectives, and by all the Vertuosi, with all sorts of weapons apt to derogate from the same of any man: And that not only all •…•…nds and sorts of testimony, how weak so∣ever, should serve for full proof against any one that was impeached of so wicked a fact, but that it should be lawfull for any man to bastenado, or stone one who was noted for an hypocrite, though it were but by suspi∣tion, or any other remote cause: And that to be much scandalized at matters of small moment; to speak much of charity, without ever giving any alms; to wear a threadbare Cloke, and yet be very rich; to appear poor in publick, and yet live plentifully at home; to be damna∣bly avaricious, and yet boast of Angelical devoutness: to speak slow, and with a weak voice, and under colour of finding fault with publick vices, to speak bitterly against particular men; to bow the head with much humility, and yet to have a proud mind; and to preach that to o∣thers, which it was plainly seen that they themselves did not practice; should be esteemed and reputed sufficient proofs to condemn any one of such a vice.

The better sort of the Literati of this State, thought this his Maje∣sties Edict too severe; who to secure their lives and reputations from the ignorance of the meaner sort of people, who are not wise enough to discern between true and counterfeit goodness, presented themselves be∣fore Apollo, whom they desired that wicked hypocrites might be severe∣ly punished, but so as that good and honest men might not incur the danger of being hardly dealt with; and they said that Judicial Astrolo∣gers, and hypocrites, were a certain race of men, who were alwaies ba∣nisht, and yet every place abounded with them; not for that Princes wanted Authority to extirpate them out of their Countries, but for that those very Princes who did prohibit them, did nourish and foment them; and that the only cure for hypocrisie was, That Princes should love, cherish, inrich, and exalt such as being ambitious of glory, thirsting after riches, and desirous of their good will, who affected those things out of meer worth and merit; and that they should suffer great hypo∣crites, who covered their devilish pride with the cloke of humility, an un∣quenchable thirst after gold, with a vail of poverty, and execrable ambi∣tion of dominiering over the whole world, by seeming to despise the world; to live in their condition of appearing humility, of feigned pover∣ty, counterfeit solitariness, and retired life: A Councel whereby Princes would be sure to keep from erring; for if piety, humility, contempt of worldly vanities, which some do so much boast of, were realities, and things done from the heart, they would by this way of proceeding, give men their own delights, when they should be justly punished by their own false weapons, it being very true, that Princes could not better dis∣cover hypocrites, then by suffering them (like Oysters) to stew in their own water.

The LIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Guiccardine having spoken many things prejudicial to the reputation of the Marquiss of Piscara, In an Assembly of divers Vertuosi, that renowned Commander doth suffici∣ently justifie himself before Apollo.

DOn Francisco Ferrando d'Avalo, Marquiss of Pis•…•…aro, being told some few daies ago, that in an Assembly of the best Historians of this State of Pernassus, Francis Guiccardine had spoken words of him, tending much to his dishonour: Piscara, who was naturally high mind∣ed, and very proud, was so incenst at the injury done him by Guiccar∣dine, as he made his complaint to Apollo; to whom his Majesty, who very well knew Guiccardine's circumspect proceeding, and exact wis∣dom, answered, That it not being likely that Guiccardine should have spoken of him, otherwise then became a true Historian, and free from a∣ny passion of an ill-affected mind, he would, as in justice he ought to do, hear them both speak for themselves, before he would resolve any thing in the Cause: And that if he should find that Guiccardine, in speaking of a man of his quality, had unjustly wounded his reputation, he would take such course as he should think himself sufficiently satisfied. Which being said, he forthwith gave Guiccardine to know by the publick Cen∣sors, that he was to appear before him at ten of the clock the next mor∣ning, to make good the words which the Marquiss of Piscara pretend∣ed he had spoken to the prejudice of his reputation. At the news here∣of, the Literati, who were very curious, and hoped to hear somwhat of ex∣ecellent discourse in that point-blank argumentation, came in great num∣bers thither. Guiccardine failed not to meet at the appointed time, and free∣ly told the Marquiss, who was there likewise present, that he might very well have purchased favour from the Emperor Charls the fifth, by disco∣vering the conspiracy unto him, which many Princes of Europe had plot∣ted against him, but that in the worlds eye he had thereby purchased e∣ternal infamy; not only for that most men did firmly believe, that from the very beginning his intention was to prove false to Cesar, but for that though he had been still faithfull to him, yet that by so many cose∣nages, and such double-dealing, he should have encouraged so great Princes, and inticed them to joyn in conspiracies with himself, that he might have occasion to betray them, and aggrandise himself by sins which he had by fallacies and flatteries drawn on, appeared generally to be an action of infamy. Though all the Vertuosi thought this to be a very hainous impeachment which Guiccardine had made against the Marquiss; yet that Commander, who in most desperate cases was still most undaunted, answered Guiccardine, That it was an usual fault amongst Historians, but infinitely unsufferable, to be mistaken in their penetra∣ting into the hidden sense of their actions, who had done great things both in peace and war, and in rendring the true reasons thereof, to give

so rash judgements, as they were oft times seen to blame worthy actions, and praise such as were to be blamed; and that he was very much scan¦dalized that there was not some severe Laws published by the Colledg of Vertuosi, against men who by their pens do daily occasion great shame, and irrepairable blame to others; which Laws should ordain, that Histo∣rians (as it well became their profession) should only meddle with the bare Narration of things done, and that they should leave the judgement thereof, and the Princes secret meanings therein to be judged of by the Reader, and that with all due reverence & respect to the place wherein he spake, they lyed who durst say, that from the beginning, Ierollimo Marone discovered unto him the conspiracy which was a framing by the greatest Princes of Christendom against Cesar, his intention was to prove false to his Master. For those who understood the true bounds of Po∣licy, knew that whilst a man communicates a conspiracy to any great Of∣ficer, which is in agitation against his Prince, the Officer ought at that very instant to resolve whether he liked the business or no; for to be doubtfull in such a case, was interpreted by Princes to be an ill-taken re∣solution, a mind not only contaminated, but already wholly putrified with the disease of Rebellion, and that he had not encouraged Marone (as Guicciardine had been bold inconsiderately to say) with an intention of double-dealing, nor yet to purchase his Princes favour by the sins of o∣thers; nor had he inticed the Princes who endeavoured to make him rise, to discover unto him all the particulars of the Conspiracy, but by strict tye of honour, and to serve his Master compleatly; as also because the weighty business which he had in hand did force him so to do: For such wounds ought not to be discovered to their Princes by wary Offi∣cers blindly bound up without knowledg of the particulars, but plainly laid open with perfect knowledg of every the least circumstance; and that for one like him, to have shewn the least negligence, or to have been never so little remiss in a business of so great jealousie, would have been thought so shameful an omission, as would have redounded to his appa∣rent damage, and perpetual blame; and that the reason hereof was very evident; for he who heard conspiracies plotted against his Prince, must have his eyes open, and his ears stretcht out, and must be exquisitely di∣ligent in perfectly understanding and discovering every particular; for by doing otherwise, a man might be justly thought by his Prince to be a foolish servant, and an unfaithful Officer; and that in such cases, negli∣gence was rather punished then excused; that therefore before he was to reveal the conspiracie to Cesar, as it became him well to doe, he would inform himself of all the particulars of each person that had a hand in it, and of every other necessary circumstance: and that he did not believe there was any one in that honorable place, who did not very well know, that no greater misfortune, nor mo•…•…e certain danger could befall a Soul∣dier of reputation, then to be sought unto by great Princes to betray his Master: For to quit a mans self of a business, to the undertaking whereof he is as good as compelled by the intreaties of powerfull per∣sonages, and think to save both his life and reputation, was to act the part of common ignorant people; and that the only way for a wise man to shun splitting against so dangerous a Rock, was to live with such a reputation of honour in all his actions, to be so ambitious of doing his Prince faithful servic, and appear so desirous of purchasing a place ••n his

affection, as that these good parts, and honorable qualities might deter any one from communicating any such wicked affair unto him. But that though he had very much observed this rule, yet had it no waies a∣vailed him; he knew not by what dishonourable action, by what ap∣pearing avarice, or by what appearance of inclination to commit wicked∣ness, he had encouraged the Princes that conspired against Cesar, to make Marone acquaint him with a business so dissonant from his genius, so con∣trary to his nature. That he did not deny, but that after the noble vi∣ctory at Pavia, wherein his comportments were witnessed to the world by Paulus Iovius, he was not well satisfied with Cesar, as thinking his service not sufficiently acknowledged, nor himself enough rewarded; but that he did not think any such behaviour in a Prince so wise, should be thought sufficient to make one rebel against him; for if his distaste ar ose, from not being so highly favoured by his Prince, as he thought his fide∣lity deserved, they might consider, that by discovering the conspiracy, they had furnisht him with monies, whereby he might purchase so m•…•…ch of the Emperors favour as he knew he wanted, to obtain the Supreme dignity of General, and the Government which he so much desired of the Dutchy of Millan, and which afterwards he had, that no man who profest himself to be an honourable Souldier, could receive a greater af∣front, then being sought unto, to do an unworthy action; for whosoever treated with any one about such an action, shewed clearly that he thought him he treated with, to be a man inclin'd to wickedness. That he could not (as he knew it became him to have done) revenge this great injury done him by Marone, with his Dagger, because his Princes service, which required other resolutions from him, kept him from so doing. And that if his duty to Cesar had not moved him (as certainly it ought) to pro∣pagate such a machination, certainly he should have been moved there∣unto, more out of rage to revenge himself for that great injury which the Princes did him, when they seemed to esteem one like him, a Trai∣tor, and vainly ambitious, then out of any other reason: And that he should have been very simple, if he should have imbarqued himself in the business, by reason of their promises; who for reward of his treachery, assured him that they would make him King of Naples; for that Spani∣ards, of which he gloried to be one, were better pleased with such a lit∣tle Marquisat as Piscara, gotten by Loyalty, and by fighting valiantly in their Prince his service, then with the Kingdom of Naples, purchast by treachery. That Francisco Davalo was not so shallow-brain'd, nor so little vers'd in worldly affairs, as not to know, that the Princes of the League; who did so much covet his Rebellion, aimed more at keep∣ing Cesar from the total acquisition of the Dukedom of Millan, then at the making him King of Naples. And that it was known to him, as it was to the whole world, by so many sad examples which had happened, that great Princes, after they had imbarqued an ambitious personage, out of their several ends, in vaine hopes, and wrought him into the certain danger of treachery, and after having made good use of him, did so totally abandon their protection, not only because Graviorum Facinorum Ministri, quasi exprobran∣tes aspiciuntur. Tacit. lib. 4. Ann. but to give examples to their Sub∣jects, not to commit the like wickednesse, by proving compleatly •…•…famous, as they were likely to be the first who would deliver them up

into the power of their incensed Prince; as (to leave the more hatefull examples of modern times) the world saw it formerly fared with Charls Duke of Burgundy, towards the unfortunate and ill advised Count Saint Paul, unluckily imployed by him; and that though Spani∣ards were thought by all men to be puft up with the wind of Am∣bition, yet was it not that vain-glory, with which some Princes of Europe have of late years swoln many French Ballowns, and not a few Flemmish Pilots. But that those of his Nation being ve∣ry hard to be imbarqued in the getting of great riches by indi∣rect waies, sinned only in their too immense desire of being ho∣noured and respected in the places, which they by their faithfull service had deserved of their Prince; and that they were far from coveting by oblique and shamefull waies, those greatnesses which they saw they could not arrive at, with secure peace and quiet: that to be a Coy-Duck for other mens ambition, so to becom afterward the peoples laughing-stock, or Town-talk, was a thing abhorred by his Spain; and that it would have been too great a folly for one like him, to suffer himself to be perswaded that the Kingdom of Naples, which was alwaies hereditary in the bloud of Spain, and which would never accept of any Baron of the Kingdom, though some of them had been very powerfull and ambitious, and who by the effusion of their bloud, had driven out Princes borne of the Royal bloud of France, who would have con∣quered it, would accept of him, who was inferior to many Barons of that Kingdom, and of a Nation so hatefull to the Neapolitans.

That in Hereditary Kingdoms, as was that of Naples, Kings were there borne, not made or chosen: And that those fools who would aspire thereunto by any other means then by lawfull succession of the bloud-Royal, did climbe up a Mountain of misery, to fall down headlong with the greater shame into the valley of infamy: And that if any one should compasse it by fraudulent means, he would be like those ridiculous Kings of Beffana, who that they might afford pastime to the rabble-rout, failed soon after their creation. That he had alwaies kept firm to the resolution which he was born with; rather to die a glo∣rious Commander, then a shamefull King. That he had rather sought to deserve, then that he ever coveted greater Titles then that of a Marquiss; and that having observed by what he had read, and in consideration of the present times, that all con∣spiracies begin merrily, with high thoughts, but end basely with weeping, he was contented to serve the Prince whom God had set over him, with those means which he had beene pleased to bestow upon him; for too immense greatnesse promised by For∣reign Princes to such as he was, were but breaknecks.

Apollo was so well pleased with Pescara's Apology, as he answered Guicciardine, who still affirmed, that to intice the prime Princes of Europe, with so much duplicity of heart, to joyne with him in conspiracy, of purpose that he might have the better occasion to discover it afterwards, had rendered the

Marquiss eternally infamous, that Pescara had not inticed any Prince to joyne with him in framing any conspiracy against the Emperor, that afterwards he might make advantage by reveal∣ing it: In which case he would justly have incurred infamy; but that much to his praise he had used requisite double deal∣ing, to discover the Complices of the Conspiracy, and every o∣ther particular, which for his Masters better service, he was to know; and that the Marquiss was the more to be praised, for that by his honourable fraud, he knew how to overcome the Princes so artificial deceits; and that upon that occasion he had so fully done what became him to doe, as he deserved to be imi∣tated by every worthy Commander who might fall upon the like misfortune.

In Conspiracies which are communicated to others, both he who accepted thereof, and joyned therein, and he who refused, yet held his peace, incurred the same penalty; in so dangerous affairs, the best counsel was to precipitate into the sudden, but clear revelation of so unfortunate enterprises: And that in the most mortal infirmities of Conspiracies, two of the Politick Hip∣pocrates his Aphorismes were very true: That, Qui deliberant desci∣verunt, and that In ejusmodi conciliis periculosius est deprehendi quàm audere.

And that they that were desired to enter into a Conspiracy, were fooles, and self-murderers, if in so miserable a case they pitcht their thoughts onely upon the sweet of revenge, the accumula∣ting wealth, or preferments to Principalities, and Kingdoms, which might be propounded to them in reward of such wicked actions; and those wise and charitable, who held before their eyes the pi∣ctures of Fetters and Gibbets, which are the right rewards, and certain acquirements of desperate and ambitious people, and of such as were giddy-headed.

The LV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Giovan Francisco Pico, not being able to reconcile the dif∣ferences between Plato and Aristotle, Apollo commands those two great Philosophers to end the business in a pub∣lique Disputation; and being therein obey'd, they do not notwithstanding part friends.

THe task which as you heard of late the Count Giovan Francisco Pico della Mirandola, that Phenix of the Vertuosi undertook by or∣der from Apollo, of reconciling the immortal differences which are discust between the two supreme Luminaries of Philosophy, Plato and Aristotle, hath been to so little purpose, as not having given any satisfa∣ction to his Majesty, nor to his Literati, it hath kindled new, and much more eager argumentations in Pernassus. Wherefore Apollo for the quiet of his State, for the agreement between his Vertuosi, and for the honour of Philosophy, caused Plato and Aristotle to be sent for on the first day of the last month, to appear before him, to whom with an austeer look he said; That there being but one truth of all Sciences, they much injured Philosophy by the diversity of their opinions; that he did love peace and agreement between his Vertuosi; that he like∣wise knew that the multitude of Sects, was that which occasioned great mischief in States; and that he might obtain from them such concord between themselves, which he knew to be altogether necessary for his State, he was pleased to use such respect to them both, as not to pro∣ceed against them with violence, but did let them know that he should be very glad that both of them would so much honour Philosophy, as to agree in opinion, in point of the greatest differences that were between them. Then turning towards Aristotle, he said, That it made not for his honour to dissent from the opinions which so great a Master as Pla∣to had read unto him in the Schools; and then told Plato, that he suf∣fered much in his reputation, that the world should see so great a Rebel as Aristotle should issue out of his School.

Both Plato and Aristotle seemed very willing to yield to each others opinion, when by good arguments, and sufficient reasons, they should be made appear to be the better; and joyntly agreed that they would dispute the business in two several chairs, hand to hand, without any Moderator. Apollo did not only accept of so glorious a defiance, but for the consolation of his Vertuosi, made papers be fixt that very hour upon the gate of the greatest Philosophy-School, and in other publique places, wherein all the Vertuosi were invited to come and see so gallant a spectacle; and to the end that those who inhabit in far Countries, might have time to come to Pernassus, and be present at so famous a contest, he allowed the two Philosophers twenty daies to appear in the field. The mean while, for the Vertuosis better commodity, many

Skaffolds were built about the great Court of Urania; and on the day appointed for the Disputation, Adriano, Orlando, Ciprione and many other modern Musitians, sung first in several chorusses, their excellent Compositions, accompanied not only by the Organs, Viols, Harps, and other grave instruments which are used at the meetings of the Vertuosi, but (according to the defect of the modern age) with the interposition of the Lute, Cornet, Theorbo, and of the very Violin, taken but a lit∣tle before out of the ignorant Consort of trivial Fidlers, who play fum fum in the meanest Assemblies. The Musick being ended, the two famous Paladins of Philosphy appeared in the field, and their dispute held for six hours together; but it was not notwithstanding possible to meet with the desired agreement. For in the curious Philosophical wrest∣ling, which is so delightfull to the Vertuosi, the Arms of solid and stout Arguments are only made use of, backs of efficacious reason, strange nimbleness of foot in apparent demonstrations; and yet that last Ef∣fort which is so pleasing to the spectators of seeing the enemy thrown flat upon his bac•…•…, overthrown and convinced by undeniable Argu∣ments, doth never ensue: For Philosophical wrestlers, though they fall resolutely to catch where they catch can, yet by means of distinctions which they have at their fingers ends, they still keep themselves on foot. These two great Luminaries of Philosophy gave such content to the standers by, as they did infinitely admire the reach of humane intellect, which having waded through all the Heavens by the excellency of her specula•…•…ion, did not only exactly know the quantitas, qualitas, and the motus of them, but is arrived even at the knowledg of God himself, and of the Divine Nature, of which she can discourse very handsomly. With these wonders did the Disputation end, which afforded as much con∣tent to the Literati, as if those two Philosophers had been perfectly re∣conciled and agreed; only Apollo, by the apparent sadness which was seen in his face, disturbed the universal mirth; wherefore great Aver∣roes askt him, whether Aristotle and Plato had not given him such satis∣faction as he desired: To which Apollo answered with a sigh fetcht from the bottom of his heart; that those two Princes of Philosophy had ful∣ly satisfied the opinion which all men had of them; but that he had seen that in this Argumentation, which would keep his mind perpetually af∣flicted: For he was forced to bewail the infinite corrupt condition of this age, wherein sensuallity was grown so great amongst men, as he who saw their hidden passions, had clearly found, that many were come to these disputations even from far Countries, rather to please the itch of the ear, by hearing the Musick, then to feed their souls by those Vertuosissimi, which he said were introduced into the world by those wicked Mounte∣banks, who in their defect of too much mingling pleasure with profit, were gone so far, as having admitted of Jack-puddings, and Pantalouns into their company, many flockt to them rather to laugh at their sports and wantonness, thento buy useful medicines for their maladies.

The LVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Gonsalvo Ferrante Cordua, not having obtained the con∣firmation of his desired Title of Magnus, from the reve∣rend Colledge of Historians, demands an other place in Pernassus of Apollo, from whence he is likewise ex∣cluded.

GOnsalvo Cordua was very much grieved at the repulse which he re∣ceived from the History Colledge when he was denyed the Title of Great; and to try whether the favor and recommendation of Prin∣ces were available to effect business in Pernassus, which justice could not do, he addrest himself for help to his King Ferdinando; whom ha∣ving acquained with his business; and received for answer from that wise King, that he should have thought them very simple who should have favoured a subject of his in obtaining the Title of great to be confer∣red upon him, which made him Little: that he was none of those who would commit so great an error, as to desire such glory might be at∣chieved by others, as did greatly lessen his honor, and that his Consci∣ence told him, he must be so charitable to himself, as to endeavour that the whole glory of the purchase of the kingdom of Naples might be attributed more to his wisdom, then to Cordua's valour. Wherefore Gonsalvo being much incens't at so resolute and sharp an answer, went presently to Apollo, and told him, that since it had not pleased the Colledge of Historians to think him worthy to be ranked with Pompey, Alexander, Charles the Emperor, and others, who for their glorious Actions had deserved the Title of Great; that yet he might be favoured with adm•…•…ttance into the squadron of his Majesties Gens d'Armes, wherein was that famous Bellisarius, Bartholomeus Alvianus, Pietro Navarro, Antonio de Leva, Count Petigliano, Lorenzo de Ceri, and many other famous warriours. Apollo graciously granted Gonsalvo what he desired; but it fell out that whilst in his Majesties presence, the ce∣remony of putting on the accustomed upper weed was a performing, whereat all the chief military men of this Court gave their attendance, Bossio the Atturney General accused Gonsalvo of Perjury. Apollo, who doth very much abhor those who are noted for falsifying their words with men, much more those who are perjured before God, al∣lowed the Atturney-General three days to make good his impeach∣ment, and ordered that Gonsalvo's business might be adjourned until then. Gonsalvo being very much troubled at this foul imputation, told the Atturney Bossio, that he had always profestfidelity, and that he did not onely wonder, but was very much scandalized, that so wicked an accusation should be laid upon such a one as he, born and bred up in a kingdom where loyalty to his King, and fidelity to every privat man, did abound as much as in any other place of the world. Bossio answer∣ed

him, desiring that he would be pleased to relate the case of the im∣prisonment of the Duke of Calavria, how it had been carryed, for for what appeared to him, it would be proved, that he was not troubled without reason. Gonsalvo said, that having besieged the young Duke of Calavria in the Castle of Taranto, who was son to Frederick the last King of Naples, he capitulated with that young Duke when he resol∣ved upon rendering, that he should have free leave to go whither he pleased best, and that he plighted his faith to keep this promise, and ther∣upon he received the holy Eucharist; but that afterwards falsifying his oath, he made sure of the Dukes person, whom he sent with a good guard prisoner into Spain. Apollo seemed then to be mightily offended with Gonsalvo, and told him, that so wicked and execrable an action ren∣dred him altogether unworthy of any place in Pernassus, and therefore willed him to get quickly out of his State. Gonsalvo was much con∣fused and astonished at this so severe sentence, and answered in his ex∣cuse, that though he acknowledged it to be a very foul action, yet that he was necessitated to do it for his Kings service; for it being a pra∣ctised rule amongst good Politicians, that no Prince doth securely pos∣sess any conquered State, whilst they live who were driven out of it, the noble acquisition of the kingdom of Naples, could not be esteemed a compleat victory, unless he had secured that Prince his person: Apollo was so far from allowing of Gonsalvo's excuse, as growing much more incenst, he bad him be sure not to be seen any more above two days in Pernassus, which should not be a receptacle for those, who by their acti∣ons shewed they more respected the service of men, then the good will of God. Then did his Majesties Masters of the Ceremonies, drive Gonsalvo out of the house; who whilst he went disconsolately down the stairs, told the Atturney Bossio, that apparent wrong was done unto him; for Caesar, who to purchase the Roman Empire, had not onely violated the laws of God and man, but was the first Author of that wicked saying, That all things were lawful which conduced to govern∣ment, was seen to have a glorious place in Pernassus, from whence he was so unjustly driven out. 'Tis said that Bossiv boldly answered Gon∣salvo, that Caesars example did not square with him; for it was one thing to commit foul actions, thereby to purchase a kingdom to a mans self, and another thing to do the like to purchase one for ones Master. For by the laws both of God and man, a Pander deserved greater pu∣nishment, who meerly out of the malignity of a depraved mind de∣lighted in doing ill, then he who committed Fornication out of the frail∣ty of the flesh.

The LVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

A Barque loaded with inventors of new grievances running shipwrack upon the shore of Lepanto, his Majesty treats them well, though he do greatly abominate such like men.

THe dreadful storm at Sea occasioned some days ago by the furi∣ous southwest winds, drove a Vessel upon the Strand of Lepanto; to the succor whereof, all the inhabitants along the river side made in, (for they saw it was fraught with passengers) and were so fortunate therein, as though the Barque split, they saved above fourscore persons that were in her; who were by order from Apollo commodiously lodg∣ed, and were then askt, who they were, whence they came, and whither they were bound. They answered they were all of them Italian Arci∣gogalanti, and were lately come from Italy: which when his Majesty understood, though he be naturally very courteous, yet doth he so abo∣minate those cruel enemies of mankind, as he had almost repented the ayd which he had given them, thinking those wicked ones unworthy of commiseration, who spend their lives in nothing else but in inventing ex∣ecrable grievances, by which many modern Princes so cruelly torment their miserable people. Yet some Vertuosi said, that since there were so many of those rascals in that Barque, all of them come from Italy, they must needs believe that they brought the good news to Pernassus, that the Italian Princes had put on the noble resolution of purging their States from that wicked sort of men. Apollo commanded that they should be asked, wherefore they parted from Italy, and whither they were going; they answered, that having happily finished all the most witty inventions, whereby to empty the peoples purses, and fill the Princes coffers therewith, since they had raised the Gabels and Taxes as high as it was possible for them to do, and having nothing more to work upon in Italy, they had ran over France, and Spain, in which noble kingdoms they had so behaved themselves, as they had left eternal me∣mory in both of them of the Florentines, and Ge•…•…efes. That after∣wards endeavouring to get into England, the Low-Countries, Germany, and Poland, all of them Provincees abounding with gold, and wealthy inhabitants, and where they thought to have done wonders, they were driven out with cudgels by those people who were born to a kind of Li∣berty, and who might be said to be sheep, which giving their shepherds a little milk by way of recognition or Fealty, in a certain little mark'd measure. And vvho vvill not suffer themselves (as it is usual elsevvhere) to be milked at discretion. Wherefore like those famous Trojans led

on by Aeneas, they vvent plowing up the Sea vvith that their little ves∣sel, to finde out nevv people and nevv Countreys, vvhere to the praise and glory and profit of Princes, and to that perpetual desolation of the people, vvhich occasioneth security in reigning they might use their Ta∣lent, and open their shop. When the Literai had heard these things, many of them presently beseeched his Majesty that he would publikely revenge the injuries done to so many Nations, which through the malig∣nity of that race of Vipers had been flead by their avaricious Princes, with the rasor of exorbitant grievances, making them be burnt in the remainders of that their Vessel. But Apollo, whose deep judgement exceeds all humane wisdom, having understood the shameful profession of those rascally people, commanded that their entertainment should be doubled, and that they should be better treated; and causing mony to be given them, and great store of victuals, sent them to Constantinople, willing them to see whether they could reduce the Ottoman Empire, which was so Capital an Enemy to Learning into that desolation, and desperation by their exorbitant damn'd new inventions, into which they boasted themselves to have brought France, Spain, and Italy.

The LVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

By letters intercepted, which were sent by an express from some Princes to the Lake of Avernus, People come to know that the enmities which are seen to reign in the Nations of the world, are occasioned by the cun∣ning of their Princes.

A Post was robbed on Monday night last between the coasts of Pindus and Libetrum, which some great Princes had dispatcht away in much haste, towards the Lake of Avernus. And because the Post had no injury done to his Person, it was believed that the excess was committed onely to take his Letters from him, as it proved afterwards. For they onely took from him a packet dire∣cted to the three infernal Furies, Alecto, Tisiphone, and Megera, by which it is known for certain, and not without great scandal, that some great Princes did hire those Furies, to sow, and foment perpetual strife and discord, not onely between Nation and Nation, but oft times between the subjects of one and the same Prince. And to aggravate the distastes, there was a letter of exchange found in that packet, of ten thousand Crowns for six months pay.

The subjects to these Princes who writ these letters, have sent them by some of their Deputies to Apollo, heavily complaining that their Princes, who ought to study nothing more then the peace, and unanimous agreement, not onely of their own particular subjects, but that also of all Nations, did by ready mony purchase sedition amongst others, and mischief to themselves; and that they had not till now learnt, that it was meerly the cunning and machinati∣ons of Princes, which caused those several divisions and inhate ha∣treds between Nations, which are the true root of those evils wherewith mankinde is so afflicted; which if they were extirpated out of the world, men would injoy the comfort to see the French love the English; the Spanyard the French: the Germans the I∣talians: and perfect peace would be amongst all men. Whilst these Deputies were reasoning thus, Apollo was seen to weep bitter∣ly out of meer compunction of what he had heard. Insomuch as the standers by believed that his Majesty would have broken out in∣to some great heat against the Princes who were accused of so foul faults, when he spoke thus. My friends, your complaints are as true, as grievous; but you must know, that the excesses which you now complain of, are not occasioned by the ill nature of Princes, but out of the peoples seditious spirits; whose instability is such, as the universal peace of mankinde cannot be better compas∣sed by any other means, then by sowing that discord amongst Na∣tions, and those divisions which you now so much complain of: for long experience hath taught Princes; that the great frame of reigning securely is wholly grounded upon the sound foundation of dividing well. And it is apparant, that were it not for Princes that govern them, people would of themselves fall into greater seditions, then those which are sown amongst them for the publike peace, and universal good of all men. All which, my welbeloved, are neces∣sary evils, though it exceedingly grieve me to see, that the disease of universal discord which reigns amongst men, cannot be sooner cured by any other medicine, then by that bitter Pill, which you complain so much of.

The LIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Prince of the Laconicks Nephew, being after his Uncles death, to return to a private Fortune, shews no well compo∣sed minde in making so dangerous a passage.

THe Prince of the Laconicks Nephew, who during his Uncles life of famous memory, did with extraordinary Authority govern that State; by reason of the choice which was made some few days a∣go, of a new Prince, was two days since to return to a private life. And because the parting from Authority after the sweet thereof hath been a while tasted, is a thing much more fearful then the parting of the soul from the body; and it having formerly hapned in Parnassus, that the too great ambition of Government hath so suffocated the vertue of hu∣mility and those vital spirits of the minds moderation, which keep a well composed heart alive, as so great a passage is not to be made with∣out reluctaney; Apollo compassionating such sad cases, that he might provide for the saving of so great mens honors, in that time of terror, In∣stituted in Parnassus many years ago, the charitable company of commi∣seration, whereof the chief Moral Philosophers of this State are mem∣bers. The night preceding the day, wherein this Prince was to make so sore a change of condition, Reverend petrarch made him a v•…•…si with his book De remedi is utriusque Fortunae, as also learned Giorolimo Car∣dano, with his work De utilitate capienda ex adversis: and Annaeus Se∣neca the worthy President of the Company, with the precious writings of Boetius Severinus de Consolatione Philosophiae: whom after a long preamble of fair words, they acquainted with the sad return he was to make the next morning to a private life. Certainly most unwelcom news; and which he heard with such impatiency and disturbance, as with exclamations which deafened all that heard him, and howl∣ings which reacht Heaven, he began to lament and bewail his perverse fortune, by which he said he was assassinated: crying out that she had hardly suffered him to tast the sweet of Government, the suavity of Command, when she hurryed him down to the miseries of a private life, making him to swallow down the unpleasant potion of changing Com∣mand, for Obedience; oft recommending his honor in this his Agony to these his comforters, and earnestly desiring that they would not aban∣don him in this his urgent necessity. Then both Seneca, Cardano, and Petrarch, did with unspeakable Charity imbrace this Prince, intreat∣ing him couragiously to undergo this his adversity, and the more to comfort him, they alleadged all they could in praise of a privat life, let∣ting him know how great a happiness men found in knowing how to govern themselves and their affairs, and making him often repeat those words of the Master of the Politick sayings; Quam Arduum, quam sub ectum Fortunae, regendi Cuncta Onus. Tacit. lib. 1. Annal. Excellent words, which being chewed by a Palat that knows truly how to taste

them, are of such efficacy, as they had the power to make the great Em∣peror Charles the fift, (who had been more ambitious of government then any other) to withdraw himself into a Monastery, and become an Hermit. But these consolations wrought so little upon this Lord, as he said more then once to those Reverend Comforters, that to prefer a private life before Reigning, was a most odious Paradox; a thing which, was uttered by the mouth, but not believed by the heart: a Doctrine which they did mainly hate, who went about to make others believe it. The next morning this Gentleman was stript of all his jurisdiction, which caused such a passion of the heart in him, as the Comforters not being able to keep alive the spirits of his Patience, he swowned three times in their hands, wherefore the unfortunate Gentleman was carryed half dead out of the Palace; who when he saw his own private House, fell into yet greater Agonies; so as these Comforters laboured very much to make him use in so dangerous a nick of time the vertue of a well-com∣posed minde, which men of strong complexions can shew in cases of Adversity, when they seem to do that cheerfully, of meer choice, which they are forc'd unto by inevitable necessity. But this Gentleman de∣spairing every hour more and more in his misfortune, grew so horn-mad as to call every man ungrateful; and it was cleerly seen that the new Prince his happiness, the Grandetsa of his Nephews, and the prosperi∣ty of his more intimate servants and friends, did vex him more then his own Calamity. When he was come to his Paternal House, he had not heart enough to look upon it, but still kept his eye fixt upon the place where he had been. Wherefore the Comforters to do the very utmost that they could, to save this Gentlemans reputation; which was in so evident danger of being lost, blind-folded him: he was no sooner come into the Hall, (so drunk are men with the thought of rule, when they have once tasted it) but he called for the Agents, and Princes Embassadors, as if he had been under the cloth of State in the Palace, and would negotiate with them, having no business at all, and seemed as if he would still govern the world, though he had no Authority; en∣tertaining himself continually with grave Affairs, not having any thing to do. By which Actions this ill advised Gentleman made every one know, that the being in greatness, with absolute power of Command, makes men seem wise •…•…olomons to others; who when they return to their private Fortunes, are found to have no more Brains then a Goose:

The LX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Antonio Perez of Aragon, having presented Apollo with his book of Relations, his Majesty does not onely refuse to receive it, but commands it to be presently burnt.

ANtonio Perez, formerly Secretary to Philip the second King of •…•…pain, knowing the ill opinion which people have of a Secretary who parts distasted from his Prince, as soon as he was got into France, he published in his own discharge, those his unfortunate relations, for which he hath been so much blamed: for whilst he should have endea∣voured by all means possible to conceal them, he had the boldness to present them on Thursday morning to Apollo; who as soon as he saw the book and was informed of the contents thereof, he was so incens'd a∣gainst him, as he made it be immediately burnt in the chief Market∣place, and told Perez, that he had given his Relations such a place in Pernassus, as they deserved: to the end that other his fellow Secreta∣ries might take example, and might learn to prefer secresie and faithful silence before the love of their own lives, or of themselves. For as he deserved the name of a wicked man, who upon any new distast discovers the secrets wherewith he was trusted in time of former friendship; that Secretary was to be held a thousand times more base and infamous, who for whatsoever bad usage he could receive from his Prince, pub∣lished those secrets to the world, which being made acquainted withby his Prince, when he had formerly had confidence in him, should not onely not be willingly divulg'd, but ought not be extorted from him by any whatsoever Fortune.

The LXI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo to afford past-time to his Literati, makes two useful Sceans be represented upon Melpomenee's Theater. In one of which he shews the lesser Princes with what wari∣ness they ought to preserve themselves from a greater Po∣tentate; and in the other, lets Senators of Republicks know how ill advised they are who thorough partiality side with a subject of their own faction, who notoriously ayms at Tyranny.

THe Ancient Romans, Carthagenians, Athenians, and other the fa∣mousest Commonwealths and Monarchies of the world, have with much reason always thought publike shews and entertainments to be the best means to maintain States in that universal peace, and quiet to e∣very particular man, which is easiest received by a people, who live con∣tent and satisfyed in perpetual jollities. Wherefore the ancient Romans built magnificent Theaters, and Amphitheaters, in which to delight their subjects, pleasant spectacles were (not without immense charges) represented: it being a dangerous advice for such as govern, to keep their people discontented, and buryed in sloath and idleness. Hence it is that Apollo doth not imploy himself more willingly in any business, then in what may rejoyce the minds of his Literati, by diversity of shows. It is true, that whereas in Rome, Athens, Carthage, and other places; all the delights which the people found in those shows, were occasioned some∣times by the obscenity of Players, oft times by the cruelty of their gla∣diators, and their hunting of wild-beasts, the delight of the Vertuosi of this State consists wholly by extracting useful Precepts from noble re∣presentations, thereby to inrich their minds. Apollo therefore having finisht the icy way of Winter, when he was to begin his pleasant jour∣ney of the Spring, was pleased, for the better satisfaction of his Lite∣rati, to have extraordinary solemnities used at his entrance into Aries: To which purpose he caused two several shows to be represented on two several days in Melpomene's Theater, which were extraordinary useful, and of great content. The first that entered upon the Theater, were the Associates, Confederates, Friends, and the sort of Militia which the Romans called Auxiliary souldiers. And to the end that his Ver∣tuosi might be the better satisfyed by the sight of so numerous Armies, he commanded that such souldiers should appear upon the Theater, with the same Arms, Ensigns, and with all those warlike Instruments, with which they had served in the Roman Armies; and all this was perfor∣med with so great a number of Foot and Horse, with so Magnificent Pomp of Regal Ensigns, and with the sound of divers Instruments of war, with such rich acoutrements, and other things thereunto apper∣taining,

as all that were present at it freely confest, that they never saw so curious a show in Pernassus. After that this Militia had marched di∣vers times round, both within the Theater and without it, Apollo sent for the chief leaders thereof, and bad them withdraw for a while to within their quarters, and that they should return to the Theater in the very same posture, in which they ended their unfortunate Militia with the Romans. Not long after, those very souldiers who had appeared upon the Theater in the aforesaid Pomp, were seen to come naked with their hands tyed behind them, stript of all their goods, loaded with I∣rons, full of wounds, ill handled by executioners, rob'd by the avarice of rapacious Consuls, Proconsuls, by the Emperors Agents, and other Officers of the Roman Empire. So as the Romans who at their first entry made so stately a show, whom Pernassus had seen so noble an Auxiliary Militia, who had raised their Empire to such an immensity, and who were so glad to hear their civil Government so exagerated by all the Literati, in being able to dilate their Empire by the blood of o∣ther men, were forced to quit the Theater, and to hide themselves in holes, that so they might shun hearing the scorn and injurious speeches which were uttered against them by all the Literati that were present at the show. For the noble Vertuosi, hating from their very souls the Roman cruelty, and ingratitude used towards those Nations, who by their expence of blood had deserved so well at their hands, asked where was the Faith, where the sacred Friendship, where the Gratitude used to those their Friends, to those who had so well deserved of the people of Rome, and by their lives had exalted their Empire to so great a height? And whether these were Actions becoming that Roman Senate, who made so great a show, and boasted so much of Religion, Faith, and un∣violable friendship, insomuch as all did detest that execrable reason of State, which following onely that which brings men apparent advan∣tage can so impiously turn its back upon what is just and honest, and which when her occasions are served, forgets all Obligations, how great so ever. As soon as this miserable sight was ended, Guiccardin by or∣der from Apollo, got up into a very high place, and made a long Politi∣cal discourse upon the little discretion, and upon the want of Charity, of great Monarchs towards petty Princes, that are of less power then they: wherein he said, that when in a State consisting of many Princes, one Prince more great then any of the rest, took up Arms to bear down one of the other, all the rest, to keep from being supprest, should think their Companions loss, their own ruine, a means to bring them in∣to slavery, a preparation for their overthrow; and that therefore, abso∣lutely forgetting all private hatreds, and heart-burnings, they should all of them imbrace the publike Cause, and •…•…un by their common forces joyntly to asswage that fire which was likely in a short time to reduce their own homes into ashes: for in former times, Asia and Africa, not at all betaking themselves to Arms, were unfortunate spectators of the servitude of whole Italy, subjugated by the famous Romans: and in more modern times, the whilome powerful Kingdom of Hungary, to its now great sorrow, laught at the overthrow of the Grecian Empire; that therefore in like dangers, every Prince should have the two golden Sentences of that Master of true Policy Tacitus, written in their hearts; Omnibus perire quae singuli amittant. Tacit. in vita Agriculae. It being

very true that in such like cases, Singuli dum pugnant, Universi vincun∣tur. And that they should esteem such honors as were done them by those who were more powerful then they, shameful disgraces; allian∣ces which they might contract with them, preparations to betray them; the advantage which they might get by Pensions, hooks bayted with poyson; tricks to lull them asleep, onely that they may afterwards, with a little mony purchase that their liberty, which cannot be payd by mountains of gold. And that above all things else, they should take example by the slavery which they had seen of the Romans associates, and should think that the ambition which the more powerful have to reign having no Orison, the accomplishment of conquering an Enemy, was the beginning to subjugate a Friend.

The second day Apollo commanded, that upon the same Theater, all those great Senators should first appear who had assisted Caesar his Ty∣ranny, and that of Augustus, out of the Interest of private Ambition, or out of meer avarice, which being forthwith done, he gave order that all those should appear who were wickedly slain in the cruel Proscripti∣on made by the Triumviri, and in Augustus his long reign, and those who had been put to death by Tiberius his cruelty, Caligula's bestiality, and by Nero's fierce Nature. This was the most sad and lamentable spectacle that was ever seen represented in the memory of man in any place whatsoever; for then all Pernassus broke forth into deep sighs, and shed tears in abundance, when those that had assisted Caesar in his Tyranny, saw that not onely Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero, but even Augustus himself, forgetting the obligations which they ought to their posterity who had ayded them in atchieving their Tyrannical power were by them destroyed and cruelly put to death. For Children not inheriting their fathers humors, as they do their Estates, many of the sons of those Senators, who following Caesars, and Augustus his Co∣lours, had appeared enemies to publike liberty, were afterwards cruelly slain by the insuing Tyrants, onely for that they discovered too much their love to live free; others for proving more vertuous Senators, then would stand with Tyrannical Govenment: and an infinite number by the meer bestiality of those that governed. This so horrid sight, at first occasioned great silence, wherein the Vertuosi considered, that since not any Plebeian appeared amongst the vast number of those that were slain, nor any other principal subject of the Provinces, but onely wor∣thy Senators, and Gentlemen of infinite desert; the cruelties used by the Tyrants who reigned in the Roman Empire, against the Senators, and nobler sort of Gentry, were for the most part occasioned, thorow the defect of the Nobility; who not able to preserve publike liberty by peace, (as they ought to have done) could never submit themselves to receive that total servitude which must of necessity be imbraced under the Government of one onely man: but by their many Conspiracies, by continual misgovernment of their Tongues, and by their pride of speak∣ing like free men, whilst they were in slavery, did so provoke and anger them that reigned, as made them become cruel Butchers of the Roman Nobility. This useful consideration being ended, those unfortunate Sena∣tors, who to make Caesar, and Augustus great, had with their swords in hand, and with so much effusion of blood, banisht liberty from out their Country, ran as if they had been mad, to embrace their children,

grandchildren, and great grand-children who had been so Tyrannously treated; but being by them driven away with reproachful speeches, those Senators more afflicted then ever, said; You have reason to look upon us your Progenitors, with an incensed eye, and to drive us like enemies out of your sight; for you may truly say these your wounds were occasioned by these our hands, the Tyranny which hath made you so miserable by our imprudency, your calamities by our foolish Ambition, all the inhumanities whereinto we have most imprudently hurryed you, by our unfortunate jars, and deplorable discord; and now, when repentance serves onely to make our afflictions the greater, we cleerly see by this your miserable spectacle, that nothing is sweeter, that there is no great∣er consolation, no greater Jubile of content then by forgetting injuries, pardoning offences, and embracing enemies, to live in a free Country, in such peace as eterniseth Commonwealths, so to keep from falling by desire of revenge, into those mischiefs into which we are ran, who out of our capricious humors having lost the Liberty of our Country, have wickedly precipitated our Families, and our blood into those dire miseries which we are bound to behold; and have learnt to know at last, by the blood which you have lost, that great dignities, and supreme Magistracies in a free Country ought to be conferred upon the vertue and merit of honorable Senators, and ought to be sought for by such, not upon those who endeavor the procurement thereof, (as we have wickedly done) by private disorders, sedition, and civil wars; there not being any greater folly, then for a Senator to ad∣here unto a friend that is a Tyrant, out of vain hopes of bettering his condition, and Family in publike slavery.

The LXII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Lewis de la Tremoglia, a Noble French Baron, re∣nounceth his Nobility, and all the priviedges which he therby injoyed, in presence of the Monarchy of France.

VVHen the Illustrious French Monarchy, was (like the King of Bees) invironed the other day by an infinite number of the Barons of his Nation, Monsignior Lewis de la Tremoglia a Noble French Lord came before her Majesty, and boldly said, That though he were born a Noble man of France, yet he freely renounced his Nobility, and all the priviledges thereunto belong∣ing, contenting himself to be numbred in the third rank of the peo∣ple of France, Those who were present at this so great Novelty, say, that the French Monarchy, which never knew what fear meant, shewed manifest tokens of Apprehension at the hearing of this his so resolute deliberation, and some are of opinion that it was occasioned, for that Tremoglia being known by all the Nobility of France to be greatly wi•…•…e, the French Monarchy doubted lest this example

might make many others take the same resolution; a disorder which might, if not altogether deprive him of the gallant and couragious sword of his warlike Nobles, might at least very much weaken it by the admirable worth whereof she had not onely founded, and augmented so powerful a kingdom, but did maintain it in great tran∣quility. This opinion was increased, for that the French Monar∣chy seemed not onely not to be offended at this scandalous resolution, of Tremoglio's but taking him by the hand, led him into his privat Cabinet, where for a good while he had private discourse with him. The French Barons who stood without, though they were very desi∣rous to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 what past between Tremoglia and their Monarchy, yet could 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…t possibly learn any thing of it; they onely observed by Tremoglia's laying often his hand upon his breast, that he seemed as if he made some Oath to the French Monarchy to keep some certain promise which those •…•…arons thought might be, that he would never discover the reason to any one, which had made him put on so strange a reso∣lution. Every one wondered to see that so gallant a personage could resolve to relinquish the honor of the French Nobility, which is held in so great esteem, as those who have purchased it at the prise of much blood, thought they came cheaply by it. But some great men of this Court, whose usual custom it is to indeavour to know, and freely to speak their minds of all mens actions, said, that Tr•…•…moglia having found at last vvith vvhat tricks the French Monarchy doth fetch about her Nobility, vvould by renouncing his Nobility, let the vvorld knovv, that the condition of the common people of France, vvho satisfie their impositions by ready mony, vvas much better then that of the Nobility who being bound to serve their King in his vvars, pay it vvith their blood.

The LXIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Don Ferrante Gonsaga being Governor of Corinthus, is exhorted by Domitio Corbulone severely to resent a great excess, committed by a chief personage of that City: which Counsel Gonsago wisely refutes.

DOn Ferrante Gonsaga was sent some weeks ago to be Gover∣nour of Corinthus; an important and difficult charge, that Pro∣vince abounding in a powerful, and wealthy Nobility, given to be proud, and lovers of Arms: who do not onely (according to the usual custom) deal hardly with those that are less powerful, but by reason of their ancient Factions, living still contentiously, it seldom happens that the Governour is of such intellectuals as to give full satisfaction both to Apollo, and to the people. Gonsaga had not past over his first months government, when one of the chief of the Nobility chanced to commit a very inconsiderate insolency. Don Ferrante seemed not onely to be much perplext how to revenge, but appeared to many to be very sad for what had happened. Domitio Corbulone a gallant Roman, and a great friend to Gonsaga, told him that he had now another fair

occasion, which required the same resolution which he took when he was Governor of Cicily, against those Spanish souldiers who mutiny∣ed: that therefore he ought rather to rejoyce, then to be troubled, for what had now happened in his government; for Governors of Pro∣vinces where there was a seditious Nobility, might think themselves Fortunate, when at the entrance into their Government any great per∣sonage should commit some heynous fault, by whose exemplary punish∣ment, the unquiet Nobility might be so terrifyed, as the government of the whole Province might be the better for it a long time after: which he said was so true a Document, as others who had practised it had reaped much honor thereby. For when the charge over t•…•… Roman Forces which were afterwards to fight in Armenia, was giv•…•… •…•…im, he finding that through the meer simplicity of those who had the care thereof the souldiers were grown to be very Licentious, not observing any manner of Military Discipline, by his meer resolution which he put on in the very beginning of his charge, of condemning two souldi∣ers to undergo the severest punishment, the oneor that when he was working in the Trenches, he had not any Arms at all about him; the other, because he wore a dagger without a sword, he reduced that so licencious Army to the exact obedience of the good ancient Military discipline; and he further said, that the world was so well pleased with this his severity, as Tacitus himself having authenticated it in his Annals as an undoubted maxim in Policy, fit to be imitated by all Officers, had transmitted it to Posterity in these words; Intentum{que} & magnis delictis inexo•…•…abilem scias, cui tantum asperitatis etiam adversus levia credeba∣tur. Ferrante answered Corbulone, that one sort of government was to be used with souldiers in Armies, and an other sort with Citizens in the Government of Provinces. That Commanders in war judged accor∣ding to their humors and with free authority, but Governors of Cities were bound to observe Laws, and having their hands thereby bound, they must be thereby regulated. That he very well knew that many Officers, to the end that they might humble the insolent, quiet the sedi∣tious, and pacifie the tumultuous, used unheard of severities at their ve∣ry entrance into command upon such Delinquents as fell first into their hands; but that he had likewise observed that those that did so, ran danger at last, by their bruitish way of proceeding. For he strayed ve∣ry far from the right way, who thought to attain good ends by unjust means. For God who did abhor that faults should be punished by great∣er faults, could not any ways tolerate without exemplary punishment upon the Judges, that injustice should be done to any one, though it tended to the universal quiet. That he loved onely such understanding Officers who could conscienciously apply fitting punishments to faults; that he desired rather that men might err on the charitable side, then exceed in rigor; and that he had observed that those who begin their government with too much severity, must either continue it with too barbarous cruelty, or lose their credit by altering their maner of government: that he had rather leave Corinth with the reputation of being a too indulgent, then too severe an Officer, That all times, places, and persons not being alike, that Officer was very unwise who would put himself upon a necessity to proceed always after one & the same maner; & him wise, who being sometimes indulgent, sometimes severe, & some∣times cruel, who knew how to keep himself free in all his ways of pro∣ceeding,

could upon any excess suddainly committed, or by too power∣ful a personage, or in times of trouble, or when to punish insolency with usual severity, would rather aggravate then amend the malady, make men believe that he had past over such a fault meerly out of his own clemency, which he could not possibly punish according to the rigor of the Laws, out of important respects. That he confest he might infuse the same terror into the Nobility of his government, by using extraordinary rigor toward that powerful Delinquent, which Corbulone had infused into his whole Army, by his severe proceeding with those two soldiers; but that then Corbulone must likewise confess, that upon another occasi∣on, at another time, or in another place, that same noble man, or any o∣ther m•…•… •…•…ommit a greater insolency, which was for the good of the Coun•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be winkt at; nay, sometimes praysed and rewarded; that this was a great advantage, which was gotten by the advised Officer, on∣ly by a judicious variety in his proceedings: and that too much rigor in a government to frighten delinquents, was only then good when it was used towards the meaner sort of people, who through their innate time∣rousness do more dread punishment then love reputation. But that the nobly born (who usually erred more in revenging the injuries done unto his honor, then through any malignity of minde) thought himself in∣jured by the too great severity of the Law, and together with his kin∣dred and friends who account that shame, whotever it be, as done to their whole generation, grevv so incenc'd, and inraged, as to aff•…•…ont the too humerous Officer in his reputation, and study revenge. By all vvhich he cleerly savv that the Officer vvas ill advised, vvho vvhilst he might carry himself freely in all his actions, should by his cruel usage of the Nobiliy exceed the terms of that equal Justice which ought to be so a∣dequate to the crime committed. That to proceed otherwise, was foolishly to put fetters upon a mans own feet, by obliging him to be e∣qually severe to all sorts and conditions of men, and make himself slave to shameful & dangerous cruelty. To this Corbulone replyed, that he was not wise enough to weigh businesses with the distinctions of time, place and persons; but that practice being the rule that he went by, he knew that the punishment of those two foot souldiers, had kept him from be∣ing trou•…•…led with using many the like severities. But, said Gonsaga, it would have proved otherwise if you had used the same cruelty to any of the chief Officers of the Army: and that the custom used by Gardners was excellently good, and very fit to be imitated by all wise Governors of Provinces, who make scare-crows of the filthiest rags and •…•…outs a∣bout the house, to frighten birds from eating their fruit, and not of rich silks and velvets.

The LXIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Prince of Macedon accuseth the Nobility of Athens of Treason before Apollo, who are freed from that imputato∣on, by his Majesties Councel of war.

THe Duke of Athens dyed about the last of September, and diffe∣rence arose between the Prince of Macedon, and the Lord of Epire

touching the succession of that State. The Prince of Macedon, being cal∣led in by the people, took possession of Athens, against whom the Lord of Epire came with a numerous Army, and besieged his enemy in the City of Epire, and according to the modern way of warfare, begirt it with Trenches and Forts; and that he might bring the defendants the sooner to yield, he assaulted Macedonia with an other flourishing Army, making great progress there, and doing much harm. The Prince of Ma∣cedon, who knew he could not long maintain himself in the besieged City, and defend his own Patrimony, to keep from loosing both, resol∣ved to yield, and was contented to deliver up possession of whole A∣thens, to the enemy, upon condition he should restore such place unto him as he had taken in Macedon. As soon as the Nobility of th•…•… •…•…esieged City heard of this resolution, the chief of them came un•…•… Prince and told him, that as they had called him in to be their Lord and Ma∣ster, so would they never acknowledge any other Prince but he; and that if he would but be of good courage, he should find them ready to defend that State even to the last drop of their bloods. To this the P∣answered, that the danger of his becoming a private foot souldier, was too great, that therefore for the better security of his fortune, he was re∣solved to deliver up Athens to the Lord of Epire. Those Lords did then again beseech their Prince to confide in his subjects, who did not onely assure him that they would defend Attica, but that they would likewise recover Macedon; and lastly conjured him to remember, that they who with such readiness, and singular affection, had chosen him to be their Prince, did not deserve in this their urgent necessity, to be so ungrateful∣ly abandoned, and given up in prey to the Prince of Epire; who was much inraged against them for being rejected by them in that Election▪ The offers and intercedings of these noble men, did not only not at all incourage this Prince, but at the very self same time he dispatched away a Herald to the enemies Camp to conclude the agreed on Capitulation▪ Then the people of Athens, that they might not be sold as slaves to that their enemy, whom they knew they had so hainously offended, seised on their Prince and made him prisoner, and secured his person in the Palace putting a numerous and faithful guard upon him of the best men of the City. This mean while the deputies of the Prince of Epire came to con∣clude the agreement, to whom the Nobility of Athens answered, that it was they that must be treated with in the point of surrender, who were so far from making any agreement with the Prince of Epire, as they wil∣led him to know, that they were resolved to defend their Country, and sent away the Deputie•…•… with this resolute and stout answer. The next day the young men of Athens sallyed forth armed, and in a couragious as∣sault slew many of the enemy; and soon after making many other sallies, put the enemies Camp into such confusion, as the Prince of Epire, who thought himself before to be very sure of the business, began much to doubt the victory, and after many months siedge, in all which time the Citizens of Athens appeared to have no less resolute hearts, then ready hands, came to parley with the enemy, who had already enough of the business; and on the 11 of this present month such advantagious con∣ditions were agreed upon for the people of Athen•…•… as became free men, which being done, they sent the Prince of Macedonia home to his own State; who three days since came to Apollo, and did not only complain bitterly of the hard proceedings used •…•…to him by the Nobility of A∣thens,

but prest very hard that they should be hung up in effigies as Tray∣tors, in the great Pegasean Tower, for this their execrable rebellion. His Majesty thought this a very weighty business, wherefore he referred it to his Counsel of War: The reasons of both sides were divers times heard, and discust by the Counsel, which at last gave sentence, That the offers of the A•…•…tick Nobility being made so chearfully to the Prince of Macedon, and they being by him refused, it being apparent that he was resolved for other particular ends of his own, to give over the defence of the City, it was lawful for those Noble men, when their Prince had abandoned that protection of the people, to which all Princes stand deeply bound, to use that expedient though it were very severe. A thing done by il Signor Lodovico Oriosto, caused much wonder in all those who were present at this so signal sentence; who when he had heard the judgement given, took his hat from off his head, and like a mad man, threw it on the ground; then lifting up his eyes to heaven, and fetching a deep sigh, uttered these words in a sorrowful tone, Dii immortale, ho∣mo homini quid praestat? stulte Intelligens quid interest?

The LXV. ADVERTISEMENT.

A Shop-Keeper is condemned to the Gallies at the very in∣stant that he was seised on by the Serjeants, not being so much as examined.

THe Shop-keeper who dwelt at the signe of the two Crowns in Mercers Street, was four daies since taken prisoner by the Serjeants; and being immediately upon his being taken, carried to the Haven, and put into the Gallies; whole Pernassus wondred very much hereat, to see that the execution of the Judgement should precede process. 'Tis said that this was done at the instance of the chief Monarchs of the world then resident in this State, who held themselves mightily of∣fended with that Shop-keeper, because he sold publiquely meer smoke▪ a commodity which Princes pretend is not to be sold by private men; and therefore it is thought, that by his example they would affright o∣thers from not troubling them in things which concern their Jurisdicti∣on; and although the less solid sort of men thought that the Shop-keeper's fault deserved not so great a resentment, yet those who see fur∣ther into the interest of great Princes, say that they dealt very gently with him; for meer smoke serving Princes upon many occasions in∣stead of ready money, all their richest Treasure would soon be ex∣hausted, when the so current money of meer smoke becoming of no reputation amongst people, Princes should be forced, like to com∣mon people, to pay their debts in ready coyn.

The LXVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Bernardino Rota, a famous Neapolitan Poet, being greatly beloved by the Vertuosi of all Professions in Pernassus, is accused before Apollo, for having purchast so general a good liking by some ill means.

BErnardino Rota, a Noble Neapolitan Poet, to the great wonder of all the Literati of th•…•…s Court, is so strangely beloved by the whole Colledg of the Vertuosi; as he is stiled by every one, the delight of Pernassus. And truely it appears a great miracle to every one, that since there are more then capital jars, divisions, and enmities between the Greeks and Latins, between the Latins and Italians, between Physiti∣ans and Doctors of Law, between the Peripatetick and Platonick Phi∣losophers between the Grammarians, and all other professions of the Ver∣tuosi, only La Rota is rather adored then beloved, by all, and by each of them. And because it appears very strange to every one, that if so amiable a nature proceed only from the vertue of the soul, it be not found to be in any other of the Vertuosi of this State, its being only seen to be in La Rota, hath made every one suspect, that this man who appears to have a candid and liberal soul, is in effect otherwise; and that he hath won this universal good will by the vice of playing Jack of both sides, a vice which his Majesty doth so much detest; and therefore be∣ing questioned by Marioulo in the Tribunal Della Vicaria, he was made prisoner two daies since; and it hapned, that whilst the Tipstafs of the Court, searched him to see whether he had any weapons about him or no, they found a great deal of Storax and Incense bound up in a paper in his pocket. Severe process was made by the Judges against La Ro∣ta. But Apollo, the better to inform himself of what was proved a∣gainst this his Vertuoso, commanded that he should be brought into the Quarantia Criminale; where his Majesty asked him, whether he did inchant mens minds by the Magick of flattery, by the sacriledg of assisting others in their fowl vices, or whether it was only by the chains of vertue, that he did so straitly fasten unto him his Literati, and chief∣ly that he should tell him what use he made of that Storax and Incense which was found about him. To which La Rota answered; that he had purchast the love of all the Vertuosi in Pernassus, only by detesting to imitate others in their contentions, and that he won upon the affecti∣ons of all men, and made them love him, by the sincerity of his soul, and candidness of heart, by not desiring to know, much less to busie himself in other mens affairs, and by practicing the excellent vertue with all men, in all places, and at all times, of seeing, hearing, and conceal∣ing the actions of his loving friends and companions, and by divulging only such as might purchase others glory and reputation, and chiefly by applying himself to every ones humor, and that to the purpose, that he might rather make himself be idolatrized then beloved by all men, he

used to perfume every one with the Storax of praise, and with the In∣cense of commendations, which was found about him.

Apollo then spoke alowd, and said, O you that are overswaid with passion, who are so obstinate in your opinions; learn from this my most wise Poet, the Art so necessary for men, of applying your selves to the hu∣mor of those with whom you converse. This is the way to live in the world, this is the true means to make men flock after you, by making your selves slaves to all men, so to arrive afterwards at the happy condi∣tion of commanding all men.

The LXVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

A Carpenter being cudgeled somewhat severely, for having uttered certain insolent words against the most noble Sca∣liger, to his greater calamity, complains first of him to the Lord chief Iustice, and afterwards appeals to Apollo.

Julius Cesar Scaliger, that famous Literato of Verona, caused some cu∣rious shelves to be made some few daies ago in his Library, by a Car∣penter, which being finished, a dispute arose between them, not so much concerning the price, as the ill workmanship; and whilst they were at variance, the Carpenter being more bold then became him (as is the fashion of Plebeians, who negotiating for the most part with the com∣mon sort of people, weigh not their words, when they have to do with people of quality) said, that Scaliger was subject to the fault of other Noble men, to stand upon hard tearms with poor Artificers. Scaliger was so touched to the quick with this injury, as appearing presently to be very well satisfied with the shelves; and with their price, he caused the money to be forthwith paid unto the Carpenter, which he demand∣ed. The Carpenter answering, that he was fully satisfied, Scaliger re∣ply'd, that it now rested that he must likewise have his satisfaction, which lay in teaching such arrogant fellows as he, how to govern their tongues; which being said, he commanded a servant of his, to take a Cudgel, and therewithall conjure out the fowl fiend of insolence that was in him; wherein he was instantly obeyed. The miserable Carpenter being sound∣ly beaten, presented himself all bleeding before the chief Justice, and complained grievously of Scaliger for having treated him so ill. The Ju∣stice, before he would resolve on any thing, would (as it became him) inform himself fully of the fact; and when he heard the insolent words wherewith the Carpenter had provoked Scaliger, he commanded the Goaler forthwith to give that insolent fellow three sound lashes with a rope; which was done. Whereupon the cudgel'd Carpenter went a∣bout Pernassus crying, and exclaiming more against the Justice, then a∣gainst Scaliger. The Literati of this Court differed in their opinions

touching the chief Justice his Act; some of them blamed him extream∣ly, for that by that action he did too much encourage the Nobility, who were naturally given to deal too injuriously with the common sort of people; and some of these, who bore ill will to the chief Justice, egg'd on the Carpenter to complain to Apollo, both of Scaliger, and of the chief Justice. His Majesty, who had a little before been very par∣ticularly informed of all that had passed in this business, speaking to the Carpenter, & those who were back-friends to the chief Justice, who had egg'd him on to make his appeal, said, That he as much hated the inso∣lent proceedings of his Nobility with the common sort of people, as he was very much distasted that Shop-keepers, and others of the mean∣er sort of men, should by bold speeches injure the reputation of those who live only to purchase honour and renown; and that the common sort of people were much deceived, if they did believe that such Justice was practised in Pernassus, as wrought no other effect then what would make the rabble-rout insolent, and that it was great folly to trouble a Noble man, who having moderately revenged himself for an injury done unto him by a Plebeian, had only deserved punishment if he should have basely put it up, and so much the more, for that it did much misbecome such a personage as Scaliger, to apply himself to Courts of Justice for injuries done unto him by such people, and thereby become the table∣talk of Justices and Notaries. That he much commended the discre∣tion of the Emperor Charls the fifth, who as he was returning with his Emperess from a Turney which was made about Toledo, did not only not resent an action done by the D. of Infantaga, who cut a Provost Marshal soundly over the head, that whipt on his horse, bidding him ride faster, though the action was done against a publique Officer, and in his pre∣sence, but with like Justice as ought to be used to a Noble man injured by a Plebeian, gave the Duke to understand, that if he pleased, he might hang that sawcy fellow; which the Duke would not only not suffer to be done, but with a Castilian magnanimity, beseeched the Emperor to par∣don the Provost Marshal, and accompanied the wound with 500 crowns which he sent the wretch, that he might be the better cured. Then A∣pollo added, that there being three chief felicities which made humane men happy, Peace, Justice, and Plenty, unless Princes who govern the world, were the more circumspect, severe Justice served only to make the rabble-rout proud; universal peace, to make men cowards; and per∣petual plenty, to make people who living formerly by the sweat of their brows, were industrious, idle, of no use, and vagabonds: And that it being very true, that Princes were the Shepherds of mankind, the com∣mon people the Sheep, and the Nobility the Dogs which guard the flocks, and keep them from the Wolves; it was likewise as true, that by all right of good Government, the Nobility ought to be maintain∣ed bold, and to be rather armed with Iron Collars of Generosity, to de∣fend them from the Wolves, then through the fear of equal Justice (so peculiar to ignorant men) be cow'd in such manner, as that the very Sheep with the horns of unsupportable insolence, durst dare to butt at them.

The LXVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The great Emperor Maximilian the first, having said in a great Assembly of the chiefest Princes of this State, that the Mahometan Religion was nothing but Policy, proves by ••••cellent reasons to the very teeth of the Ottoman Mo∣narchy, who complained hainously thereof to Apollo, that he had said nothing but truth.

VVHilst some daies ago the Emperor Maximilian the first, Lo∣dovick the eleventh King of France, Matthias Corvino King of Hungary, Stephano Battori King of Poland, and the famous Andrea Gretti, Prince of the Venetian Republick, were reasoning together (as it is the custom of great Princes to do) touching the affairs of the world, they spent much time in considering the greatness of the Ottoman Em∣pire; and whilst every one spake their opinion of that Government, The Emperor Maximilian did freely confess that there were many Military Disciplines practised in the Ottoman Empire, which were worthy of ad∣miration, but that the Mahometan Sect was throughout so impure and foul, as it seemed to be altogether unworthy the practice of men; and that a desire of piety was manifestly seen in many Institutors of Divine Laws, although the Religion which they profest, was notoriously false; their errors being occasioned meerly out of their ignorance of Divine things; but that the infinite impieties which were discovered in the Ot∣toman Sect, were wholly malitious in giving Laws to her followers; Ma∣homet having proved himself to be a better Politician then Divine; it being clearly seen, that to purchase followers who would imbrace that new Sect, he had more respect in the forming of his Alcharon to satisfie the body then the soul, and to aggrandize an earthly Kingdom, then to make others gain Heaven. And that in other Sects, the Institutors there of made use of Divine Precepts, for the bettering of human affairs, very cunningly cloaking over all their impieties, lest people when they should come to the knowledge of their foule hypocrisie, might be scan∣dallized. But that Mahomet alone, out of a meer greediness of Govern∣ment, did affrontedly laugh at sacred things, to raise the value of pro∣phane ones.

These words, though they past between Princes of such eminency, were suddenly brought to the Ottoman Monarchy, who took them so ill, as he immediatly gave the Emperor Maximilian to understand by a Bas∣sa of his, that he would, as it became him to do, defend with his Arms, the contrary to all that he had spoken to the prejudice of his Laws; and at the same instant that he sent this Ambassy, he made ready his nume∣rous Army. Maximilian nothing affrighted at this defiance, summon∣ed the Diet at Ratisbon, that he might have such assistance from Germa∣ny against so potent an enemy, as is usually given either first or last.

Apollo, who was soon acquainted with this news to the end that he might appease those two great Monarchs, called an Assembly of all the Princes the next day; who when they appeared, he much complained of the Ottoman Monarchy's barbarous proceedings, since even in Pernassus, where argumentations, and difference in opinion being only decided by the rule of truth, he had dared to use force.

He then told them, that he had summoned that honorable Assem∣bly, only that they might hear from the Emperor Maximilian's own mouth, all he reasons which had induced him to accuse the Mahome∣tan Sect, as being composed of nothing but Policy. His Majesty after∣wards commanded the Emperor to begin his Justification. Whereup∣on Maximillian, with such Majesty as became him, began thus.

I was moved to say that the Mahometan Sect was nothing but Poli∣cy, meer ambition, and interest of Reigning, and that the first Institu∣tors thereof were more ambitious then pious, out of these clear reasons. For that Mahomet, to the end that his Armies might be free from those incumbrances, and expence of Wine, wherewith the Militia of Christi∣an Princes is so much molested, did forbid the use thereof to those of his Sect; a Precept wholly Political, as that which frees the Turkish Souldier from that expence which doth so abound in the Christian Mi∣litia, particularly where there be Dutchmen, or Northern Souldiers, who consume more in drinking, then in meat, clothes, or even in pro∣viding themselves with Arms. Moreover the great advantage which their Princes receive from their Souldiers sobriety, though it be known to all men, yet are they more particularly known to me, who whilst I made war in the world, was much more troubled with my Dutch Soul∣diers drunkenness, then with my enemies Arms. Add to this, that whereas amongst the Turks, the fields serve either for arable ground, or pasture, our grounds are encumbred with vines. The other more then Political Institution of the Mahometan Law is, That the great∣ness of a Prince consisting in the multitude of his Vassals; the Maho∣metan Law, to the end that her Disciples may have so great a benefit, permits them by a rare example of unbounded lust, to have at one and the same time, but in divers places, plurality of wives, and as many con∣cubines as they please, without any sin unto their soul, or prejudice to their honour: A thing which more resembling the Custom of Beasts, then any Institution of Man, is altogether unfitting to be named, much more to be practised by any Nation: A Law, which by reason of the unexhaustible multitude of children which the Fathers of Families have in the Ottoman Empire, is altogether Political: For the infinite num∣ber of Turks serves not only for abundance of food for powder in the Ottoman Wars, but to reap the same benefit, which we Christian Princes doe out of that trite politick precept, of keeping the people low: For the custom which many of us have of burthening the people with extraordinary Taxes and Impositions, so to keep them low, and by the severity of our penal Laws, which are now become matter of mo∣ney, are things which breeding ill bloud in our Vassals, doth oft-times make them rebel. But wise Mahomet hath only known how to keep the people low perpetually, and yet with their delight and satisfaction, which was never yet known to any other Politick Legislator; for in∣finite number of children being of necessity to be born unto the Turks,

through their plurality of wives, and abundance of concubines, Politick Mahomet, to the end that he may bring the wealthiest Families in a short time to beggery, hath not been ashamed to command in his Alcharon, that Bastards, which are by all Laws so much detested, should share e∣qually in paternal inheritance with children lawfully begotten. And if it be true which I have often read, and heard said, That a Tailor of Con∣stantinople shewed Solyman the Emperor thirty of his sons, and that one Giambelat, a man famous amongst the Turks for his fruitfulness, had eight sons born in one and the same night, and left fourscore sons a∣live when he died, what is the richest inheritance of whatsoever Turk alive, which being equally divided amongst so many children, will not beco•…•… •…•…r, and their Families be perpetually kept low, and forced to beg th•…•… pay of their Prince by following the Wars? And if that be true, which we Princes have daily experience of, That the Souldier that fears not death, overcomes all difficulties which he undertakes, and hap∣pily compasseth his end, whatsoever it be, and that it be impossible to withstand the most inconsiderable man that is, who despiseth his own life; what more politick and devillish precept could be infused into men by any ambitious Legislator, thereby to get the government of the whole world, then that of fate, which wicked Mahomet hath injoyned his followers to believe? Who being shamefully seduced by so false a Doctrine, believe firmly that all men have the prefixt and inevitable day of their deaths written in their forehead in Divine Characters, though not discernable by the eye of man. A Law as wicked before God, as greatly miraculous to aggrandize an Empire, to which infernal institu∣tion, the extent of the Ottoman Empire is solely attributed.

To these may be added the other powerful precept, That it is not lawfull for the Ottoman Emperors to restore any Kingdom to any what∣soever Prince, where they have built a Moschey. A Rule, which (as every one may easily discern) is only made to overcome the great difficulty which all Princes meet with, of keeping States newly acquired, and to make the Militia so obstinate in the defence thereof, as those Provinces which were conquered by victorious arms, are only lost by such arms as were conquered. Nor is the Decree given to the Ottoman Emperors, less politick then this, that they shall not be allowed, either for the main∣taining of their memory alive, or for the burial of their bodies, or out of any pious zeal, to build any Moschey, unless they have first acquired some Kingdom; a Law only instituted to excite the basest and most cowardly minded Ottoman Emperors, to the ambition of glory, and pro∣pagating Empire. But of all the Precepts that I have touched upon, or that can be related by any other, there is none, in my opinion more po∣litical, then that of their not admitting of any women into their Mos∣cheys, to pray there; a most wicked Law, and which doth manifest, that the Mahometan Sect doth more affrontedly make use of Religion as a pretence whereby to reigne, then any other Sect that was ever heard of. For what doth such a Law denote, but that Mahomet is content to oblige only the Masculine sex to sacred things, to the end that he might from them receive the advantage of loyalty, obedi∣ence, and meekness of spirit, and of the curb of piety, which modera∣ting mans too great inclination to sensuality, makes him keep the right rode of not offending any one; and receive the other advantages which

by a well-regulated Religion, men partake of from peaceable commerce; which because he cares not to receive from women, who are not apt to raise insurrections, to acquire nor keep States, he is content to say, only to keep them from falling headlong into all kinde of lasciviousness, when they shall see themselves utterly excluded from all heavenly glory; that if they live chastly, they shall, when their lives are ended in this world, pass into a place, where if they do not enjoy the blessings of heaven, they shall not at least suffer any evil; a shameful Doctrine, and such a one as never any Legislator durst dream of, in making a foolish and igno∣rant division, or distinction between the souls of men and women. I shall conclude this my justification with this last and chiefest Politick Law; That Mahomet knowing very well how much it mak•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Mo∣narchy, that Monarchs should keep their Vassals in exact obedience, as is due to all that reigne, hath not stuck to say, that those mens souls shall not share of salvation in the world to come, who for any faults committed by them, or for any other misdemerits, die in their Princes displeasure. As if a man how wicked soever he be, may not reconcile himself to God, either by contrition, repentance, or condign penance for offences done unto man.

Though the colour which appeared in the Ottoman Monarchies coun∣tenance shewed plainly how much she was confused, yet according to her accustom'd affrontedness, she would have reply'd, when Apollo beck∣ning to her to be silent, asked her, whether it were true or no, that by the Mahometan Law, no man might dispute touching the Articles of her Faith, but that it was to be made good by force of Arms; and the Ottoman Monarchy answering, that it was true, Apollo reply'd, that she her self had confest those things to be true, which the Empe∣ror Maximilian had affirmed. For as wealth honestly come by by good men, was maintained and defended by Justice, and plundered goods, by the same violence by which they were taken; so truth was defended by reason, but falshood by violence and obstinacy.

The LXIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Anneus Seneca, after having read Moral Philosophy in the publick Schools of Pernassus, obtains a Writ of ease from Apollo; and being desirous to endow the Philosophy-School with a rich Revenue, is not suffered by his Ma∣jesty to do so.

SEneca having for above the space of forty years read Philosophy in the publick Schools of Pernassus, to his infinite praise, and the nn∣speakable good of the Publick; Apollo (as to one who had so wel deserv'd) gave him the last week a Writ of Ease; and the place being sued for by very many, Apollo bestowed it upon Plutarch. And because Seneca, by reason of his rich patrimony, had discharged his place with regal mag∣nificency, to the end that so honorable a place might not fall short of its antient splendor under Plutarch, who was but poor in respect of Sene∣ca, he indowed it with an annual rent of 6000 crowns a year: A piece of magnanimity whereby he hath won immortal fame from all the Vertuosi of this State. But when he came before Apollo to ac∣quaint him with so honourable a donation, instead of being commended for that his so glorious action, he was, contrary to the expectation of all men, much blamed by his Majesty, and in these very words reprehend∣ed: Seneca, to trouble the Fountains head when a man hath quench'd his thirst, is an action full of malice; nor should I ever have imagined that such a one as you would have gone about to vituperate that School, whereby you have been honoured; I must praise your excellent inten∣tion, but greatly blame the deed, and (as pernitious) not suffer it to be done. It is great wisdom to keep such places poor, as must of necessi∣ty be discharged by men of worth: To the end, that answerably to the publick good, they may be provided of men; which should it be other∣wise, to the great prejudice of my Literati, men would be provided of such wealthy imployments. The School which you have given over, will alwaies be sought for by such Literatias your self, whilst it is but of poor means; but were it indowed with the large revenue which you would now give it, even ignorant men, out of avarice would so endea∣vour the having of it, as by means of favour which such men by unwar∣rantable waies know how to win, it would be very hard, if not impossi∣ble, to keep it from them.

The LXX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Diego Covaruvia, after having for a short space exerci∣sed the Place of his Majesties Chief Treasurer, betakes himself to the Stoicks Sect.

DIego Covarruvia had discharged the honorable place of his Maje∣sties chief Treasurer, just two months, with so general satisfaction to all men, as every one clearly saw how well advised Princes are when they promote subjects to places of highest dignity, from but a little inferior places of Magistracy: This personage of exquisite judgement, after having freely imparted his several resolutions to his domestick friends, he unexpectedly gave up the place of Treasurer into his Maje∣sties hands, and betook himself to be a Stoick. Many Literati of this State who were very great friends to this glorious Vertuoso, when they heard so strange a novelty, went to Covarruvia, and seemed very sorry, that by quitting a place of such dignity, he had forgone the fair occasion which he had of making himself famous, and gratifying his friends. Then they bad him consider his own reputation, which by this unex∣pected resolution he did totally bury; since not only such as did envie and maligne him, but even his very best friends, might blame that acti∣on (and peradventure not without reason) as proceeding rather from a melancholy humour, from fickleness of mind, as a lover of novelties, from weakness of wit, as unfit for such an imployment, and uncapable thereof, then to the lawdable desire of a solitary life, whereby he would cloke his being unfit for such a place. It is well known that Covarru∣via answered these objections very resolutely, thus; My friends, the re∣solution which you see I have taken, is not (as you believe) any new ca∣prichio, but an antient resolution which I have ever had since I learnt by Court-fallacies, by the perfidiousness of Courtiers, and by the insta∣bility of earthly affairs, that this worlds greatness, which is gotten with so much toyle and labour, managed with such cark and care, and possest with so much danger, was nothing else but meer vanity; and I did not that at my first entrance into the Court, which I have done of very late, only that I might enter into this famous Sect, with all the reputa∣tion that becomes one like me; for I did not desire that the world should imagin that I had imbraced the Stoick Sect, out of a meanness of spirit (which is a friend to idleness, and an enemy to labour) for weakness of parts, as not fit to attain the most supreme dignities, for not being a∣ble to bear with the bitter distastes of Court, or for any dislike that my home-affairs had occasioned in me; but only that I might attain to that happiness as is usually enjoy'd in a solitary and vertuous life, by such, who being given to Learning, desire nothing but much knowledg: Now, that I have abandoned the happy condition that you all know I was in, only that I might retreat to a better life, my friends, enemies, and en∣viers will certainly praise my resolution; for then doth a man with

much honour embrace poverty, when he forgoes riches, and when to enjoy a solitary life, he gives over weighty and gainful Negotiations. And such men as I, do with glory spurn at the pomp and vanity of this world, when by their honourable labour and service in Princes Courts, they have known how to compass the prime places, and supreme dig∣nities.

The LXXI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Cornelius Tacitus being imprisoned at the complaint of some great Princes, for having made some Politick Spe∣ctacles, which were very prejudicious to their Govern∣ment, is freed by Apollo.

THe whole Colledg of the Literati were much astonished, when they heard that Cornelius Tacitus, one so famous in Pernassus, one so well beloved by Apollo the first Counseller of State, chief Chro∣nicler, and Master of his Majesties Sentences, was seised upon the last night by express Order from the Lords Censors. It was soon after known, that this had hapned by reason of a complaint made by divers great Princes, that Tacitus by his seditious Annals and Histories, had made certain Spectacles which were very pernitious to Princes; for let the simplest person put them on his nose, they would make him so sharp-sighted, as to see into the very hearts of other men, and discover their most secret thoughts: And that which they said they neither could nor would any waies indure, was, that he shewed unto the people, the very essence and quality of Princes-souls, what they were indeed in∣wardly, and not what through the necessary tricks of Government they were forced to make themselves appear to be outwardly. Yesterday morning the Counsel of the chief Monarchs of this State came before the Censors, amongst which, for Tacitus his greater honour, who was to be tryed, Apollo would make one. This Advocate told them, that all the understanding men of the State knew very well that Princes for the peace and quiet of their Kingdoms, were oft times necessitated to do unwarrantable actions, which, to maintain the peoples opinion of their being good Princes (as is fitting for all to do that will govern) they had wont to palliate with specious pretences of good intentions, and great zeal towards the publick good, those pieces of Policy which they would be no longer able to use, if the true meaning of their minds were known to all men; and that if it were possible for people to be governed without submitting themselves to their Jurisdiction, Princes would willingly renounce their Princely •…•…itles, and their power of Command, as having found at last, that Principalities are nothing but unsupportable burthens, affairs so full of difficulty and danger, as they could not taste any one savory bit, at those their plentiful Tables, which

jealous men do so envie, which did not stink of Arsnick; but that if experience had made the world know, that all mankind would soon suf∣fer under sad confusion, were it not for wise Princes who do govern them, it was fitting that they should be permitted to use all those just waies which were requisite for them for the well-governing their Sub∣jects: For, if for cultivating grounds, Husbandmen were not denied Oxen, Ploughs, and Mattocks; if Tailors for the cutting out and making up of clothes, were allowed needle and sheers; and Smiths, hammers and pincers; wherefore should Monarchs be henceforward denied to throw dust in their Subjects eyes, or cast a mist before them, which was the best advantage, and the most necessary Instrument for the right Go∣vernment of States, which any Polititian had ever yet found out in any of the most excellent Reasons of State. All which things Princes, by reason of Tacitus his seditious inventions, should now be no longer able to do; it being clearly seen that the devillish spectacles invented by that alwaies seditious Tacitus, to boot with what hath been said of their ma∣king the people sharp-sighted, had also another pernitious effect, by sticking so close to mens noses, as Princes were now no longer able, as formerly they had with as much ease as advantage done, to throw dust in their Subjects Eyes, though it were most artificial, and super-fine, but that they would be aware of their being abused.

The Complaints made by the Monarchs, seemed to be very just, both to Apollo, and all the Censors; and they therefore thought wor∣thy of mature consideration; and after a long discourse had about so weighty a business, their opinion seemed to prevail; who voted that Tacitus with his scandalous Annals, and seditious Histories, should be banished the company of man. But his Majesty, that he might not disgrace the Prince of Political History, and not to distast gallant men, by depriving them of their delights, was content that Tacitus should be told, he might do well to make as few of those spectacles as possi∣ble he could, which were indeed so pernitious to Princes; and that he should chiefly be sure not to part with any but to choice personages, to the Secretaries, and privy Councel of Princes, to the end that they might know the more easily how to Govern the people; and that above all things, as he valued his Majesties favour, he should keep from com∣municating them to such seditious people, who in troublesom times might serve for Lanterns to the simpler sort of people, who suffered themselves easily to be governed, when not being inlightned by Lear∣ning, they might be said to be blind, and want a guide.

The LXXII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Many Carriers, who contrary to the Laws, brought great store of Beans into Parnassus, are taken Prisoners by the Scouts.

THis morning, being the twentieth of this present moneth, the Field-Scouts met with some Carriers, who brought store of beans into Pernassus, a sort of Pulse which was long since banished out of all Apollo's Dominions; for his Majesty having found in ma∣ny unfortunate former occasions, that many passionate Literati, that they might vent their mad passions which burn'd within their bosoms, whilst they made use of these beans in the Senat, have utterly undone themselves and their whole Families, to the end he might maintain peace and concord amongst his Vertuosi, did many years since forbid the sale of any such Pulse under pain of severe punishment; it having been used by divers instead of musket-bullets, only to blast the re∣putation of honest men. It was learn'd from the same Carriers, that this Inhibited. Merchandize was sent from ignorant and malignant Countries, to such perfidious Courtiers of this State, who study nothing else but how to scatter beans upon other mens stairs, only to make such simple people fall and break their necks, who firmly be∣lieve that no man can walk safely any where, but with the feet of up∣right meaning, and good conscience.

Whereupon Apollo did very much wonder to see, that through the malignity of the times, all Princes Courts are so pestered with these malignant spirits, as they study more how to discompose other mens affairs, then how to accommodate their own.

The LXXIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Seneca having bought great store of Poultrey in a Countrey-house of his, which lies in the Gnides Territories, those people come to the true reason of that his forestalling the Market.

SOon after that (as you have heard) the most excellent Annaeus Sene∣ca obtained a Writ of Ease from his Majesty, from further exer∣cising his place of Chairman in the Moral Philosophy-School, he, that he might refresh his eminent wit, which was much harras'd in his perpe∣tual studies, withdrew himself to a pleasant Countrey-house of his, seated in the Territories of Gnido, from whence they write, That this so famous Literato, at his very first coming thither, made so great a provision of Cocks, Hens, and Capons, as they that saw them in the place where they were kept, judged them to amount to the number of above five hundred; a thing which all the Inhabitants of Gnido did much wonder at; and those speculative Wits, who spend more time in vainly prying into other mens actions, then in the well govern∣ing of their own, were of opinion, that Seneca had avarice joyned to the other faults which were imputed to him; and that therefore he had forestalled, and bought up all those Poultrey (which was an action misbecoming a man of his parts) only that he might inhance the price of them. And it was said by the same Letters, that some thought that he had added the detestable vice of gluttony, to his infinite thirst after riches.

But it being observed in process of time, that Seneca spent three hours daily after dinner, in looking upon those his Poultrey: it was at last known, that this great Philosopher learn'd from that sort of Poultrey, the art, wherein he did not only exceed all other Writers, but hath been followed therein by an infinite number of others, of crowing well, and scraping ill▪

The LXXIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Grand-child to the Prince of the Laconicks asks coun∣sel of Apollo, what course he should take to live with reputation in Laconia.

THat Grand-child of the Prince of Laconia, who (as you heard by the last Post) through the froward stubbornness of his mind, be∣took himself to the general scandal of his Government, to lead a privat life, being much afflicted and troubled in mind, is this morning return∣ed to Pernassus; and presenting himself before his Majesty, told him, that much to his sorrow and trouble, he had at last found that to be true, which had been often told him by his best and dearest friends; That most men were so full of ingratitude, as they loved Fortune only, and not the persons of their beneficent Princes; a fault which occasion∣ed that which good men were sorry to see, that they were as sure to fail their friends when their fortunes failed them, as Tacitus had reason to say, That Intuta erant adversa. Tacit. lib. 12. Annal. for much to his grief, he found the Chain of Munificence whereby he had endea∣voured to fasten unto him the affection of an infinite number of friends, in his Uncles Kingdom, from whom he expected a return of much gra∣titude, to be but very weak: And that if it were true which many E∣lective Princes had together with himself experienced to be true, That a stroke of ingratitude gave the deadliest wound which could be recei∣ved by a Noble mind, and that to sow benefits, and reap neglects, was the saddest and most sorrowful exercise which could be practised by a Prince, he deserved not only to be pittied by his Majesty, and by all good men, but to be assisted by advice: And that in this his horrid change of fortune, to see himself not only little respected by those whom he knew not, but wounded by the speeches of those his dearest friends, whom he had endeavoured to oblige, and scorn'd by the actions of those which had formerly adored him, was an affliction which did so in∣wardly grieve him, as he was not able to support to strange a Metamor∣phosis. That therefore since he was forced to pass from Principality to a privat life, from commanding to obeying; he greatly desired to know from his Majesty, what course he should take to live with reputation in Laconia. To this Apollo briefly answered, That he should first inform himself in the Court of Rome, where all the examples of the most he∣roick vertues did abound, and then imitate the great splendor of Edward Cardinal Fernese, who by a Princely generosity, and profuse liberality used towards all men, had made the Court, and the whole Nobility of Rome so in love with him, as he was now more honoured and observed in anothers Popedom, then the great Alexander Cardinal Fernese was formerly in the Popedom of his Uncle, Paul the third.

To this the Prince reply'd, That he knew the counsel which his Ma∣jesty gave him, to be very true, but that the receit being very costly, he

thought it to be too dear; That therefore he humbly beseeched him to teach him a cheaper remedy. Apollo laughed, and freely told this Prince, that to pretend to be beloved and honoured by the people, to be attend∣ed and followed like a great Prince, and yet to keep his purse close ty'd, his Cellar-dore shut, his Granaries lockt up and close bar'd, was a greater vanity than to pretend to open the gates of heaven by impious blasphemy; for the face of a sordid covetous man was much more dreadful to the people, than the face of Lucifer himself; whereas li∣berality used towards friends, to keep men in perpetual protection, and to be continually ready to patronize them, defend, help, and assist them in their oppressions, was the true Magick, and pious inchantment by which men were fascinated, and that they did strangely hate such avari∣tious people, who being unwilling to bait their hooks with little Pilch∣ards, dare not venture at catching a great Sturgeon.

The LXXV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Isabella of Aragon, Dutchess of Milan, being continu∣ally prosecuted by adverse Fortune, is brought to a very unhappy condition in the City of Ephesus.

THat famous Dutchess of Milan, Isabella of Aragon, who by un∣parallel'd example of misfortune, within the space of a few months, lost her Grand-father, Father, Brother, and her Nephew, having all of them been Kings of Naples, as also her Paternal Kingdom of Naples, and the Dukedom of Milan, which was her Husbands and her Sons Patrimony, when she subscribed her name to any Letter that she writ, after her name of Isabella of Aragon, Dutchess of Milan, added (as she had good reason to do) the only Unfortunate. For, Fortune, when she once begins to persecute any one, never leaves her malignity; till she have buried them alive in the grave of most deplorable misery. Her unfortunate condition did daily so impair, as to the woful example of the vicissitude of human greatness, she lives now in Ephesus, where from the •…•…st day that she entred into Pernassus, she gets her living by the sad and woful means of selling Tinder and Matches, as she goes along the streets.

The LXXVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Many of the Literati who do much apprehend the severity of the Reformation, which by Order from Apollo, is now in Treaty in Pernassus, do seditiously rise in Rebelli∣on against the Reformers; and his Majesty appeaseth the tumult by applying a fitting remedy.

ALl those that submitted to the Reformation which is at this time treated of in Pernassus with much severity, took up Arms in a se∣ditious manner some eight daies ago, and ran to the Reformers houses, carrying Links and Fire-brands with them to burn those reverend Re∣formers in their own houses. Who, as soon as they were aware of the uprore, fortified themselves within their house, and they from within, and the other from without, let fly at one another, so as a very bloudy and cruel skermish was begun; and those without grew so outragious, as they fastned a Petar to the Gate. Apollo, who was soon advertised of this disorder, that he might prevent any inconvenience which might arise from this tumult, sent forthwith his Guard of Provincial Poets thither, who were commanded in chief by the great French Ronsard, ordering him to let those men in Arms know in his name, that they should immediately lay down those their seditious Arms, upon pain of being from that very instant declared to be ignorant; and that as soon as they should apply themselves to him, he would be ready to hear their grievances.

These men immediately obeyed his Majesties commands, before whom when they appeared, Apollo with an angry countenance asked them, whether or no they were those rash, those insolent people, who pretended to live in that disorderly and abusive way of licentiousness, and not be made return to the way of well-living, from which it was e∣vidently known that they had very much gone astray. Sir, said Iovan∣ni Scopa, a Neapolitan, in name of all that were to be reformed, We ingenuously confess that our faults are heynous in condition, in number infinite, and very fitting to be amended; we are so far from hating (as your Majesty may perchance believe) Reformation, and the Reformers, as we do greatly love it and them; but the rage to see that the end of our Reformers is far from the pretence wherewith they palliate their Re∣formation, hath put into our hands these weapons of despair. For if those who pretend our Reformation, as zealously intending our wel∣fare, should let us plainly see that they desire nothing of us but our own good, we should as willingly submit to the pleasing yoke of Reforma∣tion, as any man of honour ought to do; but it is long since, that after our so many sufferings, we have at last clearly found, that this Reformati∣on is not introduced out of any charitable intentions towards us, not out of a desire to remove scandals, but out of a wilely end, to keep

those grand Literati, who do so much hate a privat life, and covet nothing but food for their ambition, in the power which they have of dominiering over their inferiors. Hence it is, Sir, that this our Reforma∣tion meets with so many complaints, and such venim against our Refor∣mers; who foolishly perswading themselves, to be able to correct mens vices, and to purge the world of that ignorance which doth so much deform it, by their only outward appearing good intention to Refor∣mation, are pleased with our complaints, their main ends being, that the world may believe, that our complaint, which is occasioned by their fowl proceedings with us, springs from our being nauseated with our correction; and yet the clean contrary to this is true: For finding our selves griev'd by the evil opinion which men have, more then they ought to have, and daily more and more opprest by those whose power is greatest in Pernassus, there is not any one that doth listen unto us, nor mind what we say, though we cry never so lowd for Justice. For men of power are alwaies honoured and exalted, though they deserve the contrary; and such wretched people as we, are opprest and afflicted, let our deserts be never so good. And hence it is that we who are ill at ease, do continually complain more of the Physick not proportionate to our disease, then of our malady it self; and of our Physitians, whose end in curing us, is not (as it ought to be) our health, but their daily gain in exercising their Authority, and in feeding their ambition by the food of other mens injuries. But that which afflicts us most, Sir, is, That in this our corrupt and depraved age, the important business of Reformation should be begun by the most threadbare and ruin'd people that are in Pernassus. We (as your Majesty may see) are for the most part hunger-starv'd Grammarians, broken Correctors of the Press, woful Ushers of Schools, and poor vulgar Poets, of so miserable a con∣dition, as we live by conceits, which we daily borrow from the fruit∣ful wits of Latin Poets and Orators, so as if our daily necessities were not abundantly supplyed by the bounty of our alwaies most reverend Callepine, if we were not fed by the free defrayment of our Cornucopia, and clothed out of the Wardrobe of Mario Nizzolio, what sort of peo∣ple, how poor so ever, could be compared to us? But to speak unto your Majesty with that freedom which becomes such as are overwhelm∣ed with despair, the thefts of Ausonius Gallo, the execrable avarice and immense ambition of Seneca, Martials unpolished language, Aristo∣tles perfidiousness, Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius their unbridled lusts, the bac bitings of Iuvenal and Perseus, Lucians impiety, Ovids ob∣sceneness, and those libidinous Treaties of Virgil, which it is not fit for me to name in this place, for fear of offending your Majesties chaste ears, are those who through their dissolute vices have brought the State of Pernassus into the miserable condition that now it is in: And yet these whom I may freely say are the true Authors of so many scandals, are all of them great personages, the chief Lords of Learning, and are so powerful in this Court, as their vices are reputed vertues: And that which makes us rage the more in our despair, is, that these our Refor∣mers do rather stand in fear of such men as these, then that they have courage to correct their enormities: and yet your Majesty greatly de∣sires that the Justice which is exercised in this your State, should be like the generosity of the Falcon, whose proper instinct it is to prey

upon that Pigeon, which of many others that fly before her, hath the rankest wing. And certainly it does not only appear to be foolish, but is a very sad thing, that when a body hath received mortal wounds in its most principal parts; these our Reformers, for the cure thereof, do ap∣ply medicines only to the ball of the foot, or wash the heels with rose∣water; by which shameful way of proceeding, they rather seem to mock the world, then to mind the mending of men. And what a hellish piece of charity is this which our Reformers use towards us, in being so curious in discovering our defects, and in making us lose our reputati∣on, and the good opinion which hitherto men have had of us, without induing us with that amendment and vertue, wherein these our Refor∣mers profess themselves to be so great Masters? And, Sir, if these men do so compassionate a straw which they see in our eyes, why take they not the beam away which is in their own? A hellish charity, I must say again, to seem as if they did bewail other mens evils, and indeed make merry with their own miseries. Is it not a great piece of cruelty to put a probe of Iron into a wound which a man minds not to amend, or else knows he cannot cure? Who knows not that mens vices have so long corrupted their manners, as a man may say this world was born lame, or maimed? Which being most true, is it not gross ignorance in our Re∣formers to believe that in three or four daies they will be able to make him walk upright, who was born with a lame leg? Evils, which by rea∣son of long continuation, are incureable, ought rather to be winked at by wise men, then exasperated by corroding medicines; it being of ill example, and of very bad consequence to make him known to be lame, who for ought any man knows, hath no defect in his legs: For men who are in perfect charity with their neighbours, do first secretly cure their defects, before they discover them to the world; for no man ever won renown by robbing another man of his honour. But that which troubles us most, is, to see that for the cure of our poverty, we have Se∣neca proposed unto us, who was Master of so immense riches, which God knows how he came by; to the humble and abject, insolent A∣ristotle, and gluttonous Martial, to those that die for hunger. And if it be true, which any man who is in his right wits cannot deny, that a gluttonous Physitian is not likely to do any good by perswading ano∣ther to keep a strict diet; what good is there to be expected from his Reformation, whilst Martial, who is so obscene in his Verses, wils us to speak modestly? Aristotle (who to revenge injurious words, made use of poyson even to his Prince) to pardon injuries received; when Chastity is recommended unto us by Ovid, the Father of all Lascivi∣ousness; Piety by Lucian, who so openly plaid upon God; Ausonius Gallo, who so shamefully sackt •…•…gypt, which was given to him to Go∣vern, admonishing us to abstain from other mens goods: And when chaste love is prescribed unto us by Virgil, who hath made himself so infamous by so highly celebrating his Alexis? Nothing, Sir, hath greater operation or fruit in matter of Reformation, then when those that are to be reformed, think well of their Reformers, and then the good example of great men. For he who cures an a king head, enli∣vens all the rest of the body; but he who to cure the Megrim, anoints the feet only, doth both Oleum & operam perdere. Therefore that such fruit may be gathered from this Reformation, as is wished for by honest

men, we beg that as a special favour from your Majesty, which in all Justice ought not to be denied us, that we may be permitted to put the Reformers in mind of such things as shall be thought fit for the increase of their honour, and for the universal good, and that they may have plenary power to correct our misdemeanors, that so we proceeding with them in tearms of love, and they with us in tearms of charity, the Reformation proving essential, and not only in appearance, may abundantly produce amendment both in life and manners.

Although the standers by thought that La Scopa had spoke too free∣ly in Apollo's presence; yet his Majesty commended the Proposition as very just, and calling for a particular of such things as they desired should be reformed, did first dismiss the Auditory, which was very great, and afterwards did by writing commend a business of that im∣portance, to his Regio Collaterale, induing them with ample Autho∣rity to decide it actually as they should in reason, Sola Veritate facti, inspecta, omni, & quacun ue Appellatione remota.

The Negative to this was often broacht, and disputed: and though the greatest part of the Collaterale, thought the desire of those that were to be reformed, very just; yet after a long argumentation had thereupon, Giacomo Menocchio, one of the chiefest of those Coun∣sellers being brought into the Collaterale, said, with an incens'd coun∣tenance, and in an angry tone; You through your hair-braind rash∣ness, make your selves appear to be a rabble of insolent people, since you have presumed to go about to reform Poets, Philosophers, and others of the chiefest Literati of this Court, whose names you are not worthy to take within your mouthes, and by your bold∣faced behaviour, have committed high Treason, having so highly offended your superiors; Who time out of mind, find themselves in peacefull possession, and enjoy the Ius Quaesitum of reforming o∣thers, without being ever to be reformed by any one. Nor must you by playing the good Companions, live according to your own humors, but in spight of your hearts submit your jobernols to the sacred precepts of Nature; which not without a great My∣stery, is contented, that greater Fishes devour the lesser; nor is it possible to take from small flies, special priviledge which they have over lean Cattel, without overthrowing the whole body of the Civil Law.

The LXXVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Many Princes believing that the disorder of their Courts, which were abandoned by Courtiers, proceeded from the injurious speeches used by Cesar Caparoli, in his Chap∣ter Della Corte, desire Apollo that it may be remedied, and obtain their desire.

DIvers Princes complained bitterly to Apollo on Wednesday mor∣ning, that their Courts which were formerly in such high esteem with all men, as every one believed that all consolation, and chearfull passing away time, all sorts of Learning to enrich the mind with noble vertues, all means to come by wealth and honourable preferments, were only to be found in them, were now become so abhorr'd, as be∣ing accounted by all men to be but meer snares, and publick Hospitals for unfortunate people, they were very much troubled to find out men to serve them; and that those few who came to Court, were none but shallow-pated people, driven from their own houses by despair, hunger, and poverty: who if they were not immediately enricht at their very first coming to the Court, and did not suddenly obtain such degrees of honour and supreme dignities, as they had first propounded unto them∣selves in their vast desires, grew forthwith so foolishly impatient, as like unbroken Colts, and tender-mouthed horses, if they were but lightly touched with the spur, or had but never so little a check with the bridle given them in the Court, after having first insolently kickt at their Ma∣sters with their heels, they would discourteously forsake their service. And that whereas formerly the noblest and wealthiest personages thought it a great favour to be received into Court, though they had but lodging, bread and beer, and six pence a day for other expences besides allowed them: they did not only complain now of the scarcity of all these, but even the most inconsiderable people did not stick to demand great sallaries. Which disorder, if it were not the sooner pre∣vented, one of two inconveniences must necessarily follow: either Princes must shortly live desolate in their Courts without attendance; or they must afford matter of murmur to their people, by altering their publick expences to supply the new charge of their Courtiers Sallaries. And that they had at last found that Cesar Caporali was the only occa∣sioner of so many disorders; who not content to have shamed them to all Nations by that his seditious Chapter written in defamation of the Court, but was ever seen to whisper the sad miseries which Courtiers were to undergo, into the ears of such as had a mind to apply themselves to Court service.

Apollo thought the complaint of these Princes to be very just; where∣fore he forthwith forbad that famous Poets Chapter of the Court. The chief Literati of Pernassus, when they first heard this so rigorous Edict

published, very much prest his Majesty that he would be pleased to al∣ter that his resolution, which would so much afflict the very souls of his beloved Vertuosi; but all was in vain, for Apollo was resolute in his answer, bidding them be quiet, for he would by no means desert the Courts of Princes; which were the only whetstones to sharpen mens wits, the true Schools wherein men learnt that vertuous dissimu∣lation, which is so necessary for such as sail upon the vast Ocean of this world, that patience, that sagacity which all men wanted who were not trained up there; and that to make Princes imbase that their so currant money of hope, which served Courtiers for rich Sallary, would be to turn the world up-side-down.

The LXXVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Learned Seneca, seeing that his late Reformation of his for∣mer too splendid way of living, was ill taken by the U∣niversality of Pernassus, distributes his immense riches in a work which was greatly commended by all men.

IT is certainly a thing worthy much consideration, that the Works of the Learned Anneus Seneca, so full of holy Precepts, and of so excel∣lent instructions for the life of man, as they make their Author to appear a man of singular goodness, yet he daily grows so much less in esteem in Pernassus, as he is not much valued by the greatest part of the Ver∣tuosi of this Court: Which Seneca perceiving, and fearing lest the a∣bundance of his Servants, his rich apparel, store of Plate, and the great∣ness of his Wardrobe might lessen his reputation, not only with those that were his rivals, and did envy him, but even with his loving and learned friends, shut up his dores not long since; sold all his Apparel, Plate, and Wardrobe, and dismist at once three parts of his Family; a resolution which was infinitely commended by all the Literati of this Court, and which renew'd Seneca's reputation which was almost lost; but it soon began to decrease again; for those quick-ey'd Cou•…•…tiers, who being careless of their own behaviours, busie themselves wholly in prying into other mens carriages, quickly learnt, that Seneca had bet∣tered his Estate by the sale of his personal Estate; so as what he thought should have bettered his reputation in the world, did much impair it.

Wherefore it being by this accident clearly made known that the my∣stery of hypocrisie, which is so easily practised amongst shallow-pated people, is impossible to be made use of with safety to reputation in Courts which are full of men, who erring more in knowing too much, then in not knowing how men are naturally given, judge not by mens words, but by their deeds. Which made Seneca perceive at last it was not harder to make an Iron Clock without a File, then to be able to use Hypocrite amongst great Wits, without danger of being discovered to

be a Pillary bird. And perceiving likewise that the profession of affe∣cted goodness won but little credit in a man who was very rich, and ava∣ritious withal; that he might not see the death of those his writings, which had given him so long and so honourable a life, he put on an ho∣norable resolution, which was totally to give over the way of appear∣ance, which he had been long accustomed to, and to betake himself to realities, which only occasion the reputation of true goodness. It is whispered in Court that this alteration was occasioned, for that Apollo being told by Seneca's rivals, that though this Philosopher did no lon∣ger use Plate at his Table, yet he fed more deliciously then ever; his Majesty said, that the true Reformation of good men, consisted not in the not using of Silver Vesse's at their Tables, and in the eating of fat Capons notwithstanding in earthen dishes; wherefore Seneca much moved with this sharp repremand, resolved he would be no longer scorn∣ed for spending so immense a wealth only upon his belly and his back, divided his whole Estate, consisting of three millions and a half, into four equal parts, wherewith he founded as many publick Hospitals, and indowed them with rich Revenues, and ordered that the four sorts of fools wherewith the world did abound, should be therein commodi∣ously cured.

The first was to be for those foolish people who throw away their Estates, waste their wits, and lose their reputations in seeking for the Philosophers Stone; fools that are indeed to be pittied, for whom all good people ought to pray:

The second for those ignorant hiddy giddy people, who Data opera seek for riches by Exorcisms and Inchantments.

The third was for the cure of such idle fools, worthy of punish∣ment: who not caring to know things past, by the reading of Histo∣ry, foolishly imagin they may arrive at the knowledg of foretelling things to come, by Astrology.

The fourth was for the advantage of such simple folks, who having wasted all their Estates, and not having one farthing left, do notwith∣standing still proudly boast of their Noble Families.

The LXXIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Some Princes of Pernassus, having spent a great mass of wealth in a stinking sort of Merchandise, and having thereby incurred great debts, are forced to profess them∣selves Bankrupts, and to leave Pernassus.

IN the Exchange of Pernassus, the most important Bankruptship is discovered that ever hapned in the memory of man; for it fell not out (as usualy) between private Merchants, but between the most Po∣tent Princes of this State, in so much as no payments of monies are made

any where, and Merchants refuse to pay Letters of Exchange, every one standing at a gaze till they see where this business will end, which hath drawn along with it the breaking of divers other Merchants who were considerable. The rich Indian Fleet, almost wholly fraught with Sugars, which entred some daies ago into the Gulf of Lepanto, was the cause of these so many disorders. Some of the chief Princes of Pernas∣sus bought all the Sugar, which brought in great store of money; and then they provided many Magazines and Ware-houses, and made great provisions of Cauldrons, and other brass Vessels, and were at such an expence with all this, as they took up monies at huge high Interest from Merchants at all Marts by exchange and bartering. The true end of these Princes was to know for certain, whether they could happily compass the difficult business of preserving Turds, a business which had been for∣merly endeavoured by many great men, but still unfortunately: Many rich Lords were so resolved upon the undertaking of this stinking occu∣pation, as they neither spared for cost nor labour to bring this their stinking designto their desired end, for they put all their minnions, Hephe∣stion, idols, flatterers, and bawds into the great Caldrons which they had prepared, to whom they were not ashamed to pay all the most abject and base slavery and obedience. These unfortunate Confectioners co∣ver over this scum of people which are so fatal to men of power, with the sugar of honourable imployments, and highest dignities: and though it was clearly seen, that by reason of their stinking lewd conditions, they did not only not become ever a whit the sweeter in merit and vertue, but the more sugar was heaped upon them by those unfortunate Princes, the more they stunk in the nostrils of men of honour, yet did they dai∣ly persist the more in that their woful occupation, and the obstinacy of those ill advised Princes was so fatal, as the worser they found their busi∣ness to proceed, the more did their diligence and expences increase, to∣gether with the impossibility and shame of the fowle undertaking; those foolish Merchants did still beleeve, that the infinite quantity of Su∣gar and fragrant Musk had power to make the stink of those their shame∣ful favorites sweet and odoriferous. But at last, though late, they found their business impossible to be effected: and having consumed all their Sugar they were aware that those their Idols had not only shamefully in∣fected theirCourts by their insufferable stench, but had infinitely defam∣ed them, who for want of caution had doated upon so unsavory carrion; wherefore they quit the enterprise; and because the moneys which they had taken up at use, were already grown due, for fear of their Creditors, they have all played least in sight; and the more to aggravate so great a disorder, we hear that a great King, who that he might confectionate a base minnion of his was for certain the first who advised to this misera∣ble Merchandize, fell unfortunately off horseback as he fled away, and is since dead. His Majesty was very much troubled at these disorders, and to hinder the like inconveniences for the future, hath commanded, that on the first day of August (a remarkable day, since not only the uni∣versal Banckrupt, but the death of that great King hapned on that day) so sad a misfortune should be publickly commemorated, and if the exam∣ple of so great a Monarch could not deter powerful men from the like undertaking, it must be granted that this calamity was occasion'd through the same weakness of brain, by which privat men are blinded, and for ava∣rice undo themselves in pursuit of the Philosophers Stone.

The LXXX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Certain prime Politicians of Pernassus pray the Ottoman Monarchy to tell them the true reason why she makes short war with her enemies, and are by her satis∣fyed.

MEnante, who for the better satisfaction of his customers to whom he sends his weekly Gasetta's, is very diligent in prying into the very secretest passages of Pernassus, having discovered the other day that some Politicians of this Court desired Audience of the Ottoman Monarchy, was so watchful, as when they went to that mighty Queen, he went along with them in company; and heard Scipio deCastro, whom those Politicians call their File-leader, beseech her Majesty that she would vouchsafe to acquaint those Politi∣cians, that were with him, with the true reason wherefore she makes but short war with the Princes who are her enemies, even when she was vi∣ctorious, and certain to make greater acquisitions, and did prosecute o∣thers even to their uttermost ruine. I have heard that the Ottoman Monarchy did after no barbarous manner answer them; you must know Gentlemen, that I never use to lay down Arms, when I make war against Nations, which though never so great, are divided into several Principalities, wherein I finde discord and faction to reign, till I have totally conquered them: as I did in the Grecian Empire, whose division into several despoters, and the intestine discord which reigned amongst them, did I confess, throw open the gates unto me, and made way for my acquisition of that famous Empire. Likewise when I go against a Prince who is abandoned by his friends, I never make peace with him till I have fully conquered him; as was cleerly seen in the expedition which I made against the Soldan of Chaire. But when I fall upon aPrince whom either through his own power, or the adherence of his friends, I know I cannot utterly ruine in a short time, I use to make but short war with him, and that out of many important reasons. For knowing that it is a great piece of folly to desert ones own Country, out of hopes to conquer what belongs to another man, and infinitely detesting the opi∣nion, that lesser Armies, provided they be well disciplined, are fitter for war, then huge vast hosts of men, (an opinion which I hold to be wholly erroneous, as that which hath brought many Princes to utter desolati∣on) and loving onely the secure though costly way of overcoming by an unexhaustible multitude of souldiers, if I should make war long in a Province, I must so sack the Cities and people thereof, as I must lay it wholly waste; so as to the end that the subjugated people may in time of Peace recover the losses which they have suffered by war, I use to grant Peace unto them, upon any little acquisition of state that I have made.

Moreover, I make short war with my enemies, to the end that I may enjoy that great benefit which ascertains all enterprises, of assayling weak people with my veteran souldiers, and such as are ignorant in mat∣ter of Militia, I content my self with having made my self Master of some little part of their Country, for that when they shall be by their long training up in wars accustomed to war-faring, and become fit not onely to defend that part of their Country which yet remains unto them, but to recover what they have lost, I endeavour to make peace with them (which is usually desired by those who fight against a more powerful enemy) upon the best conditions that I can. And know, that this my advisedness is of such importance, as I may boldly say, it is from thence that I acknowledge the best part of my greatness; for no purchase, how great soever it be, can justly be compared to the great loss which a Prince undergoes, when by many years obstinate war, he inures his enemy to be a warriour. And in the wars which I have had of late with the Emperors of the house of Austria, I have been content∣ed to gaul them a little, and have not utterly subdued them, not onely out of the aforesaid reason, of not inuring the Germans, and Hungari∣ans to war, who are valiant people, bred up in wars, and naturally given to thirst after the hazard thereof, but for that I have by long experience found at last, that the dilating of Empires lies not, (as many foolishly believe) in over-running many Provinces in one year, but in taking some few, and in making those sure. For as much as eating is not re∣quisite for making a man fat, so the aggrandising of States depends not upon making of infinite acquisitions, but the making of a man fat, and the dilating of Empires consist wholly in little eating, and in good digestion, and this not without good reason. For to main∣tain States whichare newly gotten, by power and Arms, is a very laborious business, and even then very hard when the conquer∣ed Nation is weak. For the change of a natural Prince for a forraigner▪ chiefly when he is of a differing Religion and Nation, is so hateful a burthen to people, as they cannot accustom themselves to bear it without much difficulty. But it is exceeding difficult to keep a State newly won, which is inhabited by stout and warlike m•…•…n, nay e∣ven then when being utterly vanquished, and their Prince lost, they know not to vvhat or to vvhom to betake themselves. But vvhen one hath possest himself of a Province belonging to a povverful Prince, who wants not onely forces to defend what he is yet master of, but to regain what he hath lost, all that is gotten is of hard digestion, and al∣most impossible to be kept. But as all sorts of meat, though never so hard of digestion, concoct well when they are moderately eaten; so acquisitions made of warlike people, and whose ancient Prince lives still in power and greatness, ought to be small ones, to the end that they may be easily digested, and that people that are subjugated may of ene∣mies be made friends, and of strangers, natural subjects. Moreover I use to make but short war with a Prince, whose ruine tending to the de∣pression of other powerful Princes, may occasion too much State-jea∣lousie, and for this onely reason I did not continue the war which I made last against the house of Austria in Hungary; for the jealousie of losing Vienna, which is accounted theout-Bulwark of Germany and Ita∣ly, might certainly have drawn upon me the joynt forces of the Empire

of Germany, and of the Princes of Italy: and the great error which I committed in my unfortunate taking of the Island of Cyprus, made me know the danger that I may undergo by the Christian leagues; for for one Island which I may call a Desart, I lost by the Naval rout which was given me at the battel of Lepanto my reputation at Sea, which God knows when I shall recover; a loss which hath done me more harm then seven kingdoms of Cyprus can do me good. These Gentlemen thanked the Ottoman Monarchy, who wisht them upon any occurrency, that they would freely demand of her whatsoever they desired, for she would willingly give them all satisfaction; saying that they under∣stood the Theory of Policy which was learnt by books, and that she, though ignorant of Letters, might boast she was able to read in the schools that good and sound practical Policy, which was learnt by the governing of States, and managing of Arms.

The LXXXI. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Vertuosi of Pernassus, after having paid in the ac∣customed Donative of a Milli•…•…n of Conceits to his Ma∣jesties Treasurer, according to their wont, ask a favour of him.

THose who exactly understand the affairs of this State, know that the Vertuosi of Pernassus do not onely pay into the Exchequer, the Tythe of all the fruits of their wits, but a Tax which is laid upon every one according to his Talent. Whence it is that Ovid pays in to the publike receivers, yeerly eight Elegies, Virgil fourscore Heroick Verses, Horace five Odes, Martial eleven Epigrams, and others accor∣ding as they are taxed. Moreover the Vertuosi do every year by name of a Donative (yet such a Donative as if it be not willingly given, may without the loss of its modest Title, be levyed out of their goods by the Serjeants, and sold by the Candle) pay in into the Delphick Trea∣sury a Million of Conceits, which are after liberally distributed by the Muses to the meaner sort of the Literati, who wanting invention, deserve assisting for the meer love which they bear to learning; and up∣on this so large a Donative, his Majesty is pleased to grant his Vertuosi some such gracious favors as they are permitted to demand. So as the last week after the Donative was prepared, the Vertuosi resolved in a general Assembly to beg seven boons of Apollo, which were all put in a Scedule which was to be presented unto him. But the polisht Class•…•…s of Politicians told them, that upon occasion of demanding Graces from a Prince out of merit, they must shun the error of demanding many things; not onely for that Princes, who do quickly take distaste when they are to acquit themselves of an obligation, era annoyed at

the demand of many favours, but for that it always falls out that he who asks many things, is rewarded with the slightest. That therefore in such a case it were wisely done to beg but one onely boon, provided it were of moment, which upon such an occasion could not be denyed by the Prince without a mark of much ingratitude. The Politicians Advice was much commended by the whole Colledge of Vertuosi, and was followed by them. Wherefore the next day Bernardino Bis∣cia, and Tiberio Cerasi, the Vertuosi's Aadvocates, were sent unto his Majesty, who when they had presented Apollo with the Donative, did humbly beseech him, that in chusing Judges for his Courts of Justice, and other Officers for publike Magistracy, he would be pleased to chuse men of a benign Nature, of a courteous Genius, humble spirit, and patient Minde; and that he would send certain Hyteroclical, Bankrupts, phantastical, proud, insolent men, who were so arrant beasts, as did more vex and grieve those miserable men who had suits at Law, by their discomposed phantastical brains, then the suits themselves did; to be Boatsons and Auditors in the Galleys, where they might ercise their vexatious Talents of wit amongst slaves, which were so un∣supportable to free-born men.

The LXXXII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Arcadians being up in Arms against their Prince for certain new Taxes imposed upon them, he wisely ap∣peaseth them by delivering up unto them, him who had perswaded him thereunto.

THe Prince of Arcadia, a Prince who was much beloved and reve∣renced by his people, was perswaded some months ago by a wicked Projecter to impose some new Gabels upon his people, who after having complained bitterly to their Prince against this Projector, and desired that he might be banished the State as a most pernicious person, and that the Gabels imposed by his advice might be taken away, finding that their Petitions were without any fruit, and that whilst they bore re∣spect unto their Prince, their grievances were increased by the greedy Tax-takers, their patience being overcome, turned into such fury (as it always falls out when superiors seem not to value or care for the peoples complaints) as taking up Arms, and all of them publikely rebelling, they resolved to remedy their inconveniencies by disorders. They fell furiously first upon the Collectors of these new Gabels, and then their sedition increasing, they besieged the Prince in his Castle, whither for his greater safety he had withdrawn himself; nor satisfyed with all this insolency, they threatned worser mischief if they did not quickly re∣ceive the satisfaction which they desired. In the midst of these troubles the Prince consulted with those whose judgements he most relyed upon,

whether it were less shameful for him to seek his safety by flight, or to appease the people by anulling the new Gabels. When the news of this insurrection, and the Princes intention of quieting those tumults with so much infamy to himself, was known by some of his neighbor∣ing Princes, who very well knew that their interest were concerned in this Arcadian insurrection, they suddainly with their whole Courts be∣took themselves to Arms, and getting on horseback, entred the Castle, where they found the Prince of Arcadia, who just then made the Edict for revocation of these Gabels be published. These Princes earnestly desired him that he would neither injure nor shame himself nor his neigh∣bours so much as to be discouraged at this the peoples insurrection, for it would be too scandalous an example to the subjects of his other neighbour Princes, when it should be known that the people of Arcadia having rebelled against their Prince by reason of Taxes, they had through fear and force of Arms caused him to revoke them. That therefore to the loss of his last drop of blood he should defend that his Authority which other Princes had kept unviolated among a much greater and more dreadful people; and amidst a thousand dangers had so long continued their subjects grievances, Taxes, and Gabels, as there not being any man alive that can truly say he ever knew any of them taken off, even those which were at first sessed but for a limited time, were by all Nations thought to be immortal. They told him likewise, that he was to consider that the common people which are en∣satiable in all their desires, by the bad example of taking away these new Gabels might grow so bold as to demand the abolishment of the old ones. All which things did upon this urgent occasion admonish him to appease the incensed people by the usual remedy which had been with good success practised by great Princes, of d•…•…livering up the first in∣venter of those Gabels into the peoples power, to the end that by his ruine who had advised the mischief, the tumult might be quieted; a re∣medy which they said was so much the more certain, for that the com∣mon people who take up Arms upon like occasions resemble dogs, which when they bark violently at any one, were appeased by the satis∣faction of biting a stone which had been thrown at them, and had hurt them. The Prince of Arcadia answered these Princes, that he very well knew the Counsel which they gave him was good, but that he thought it too unjust. To which one of them replyed, that in extre∣mities a man must have courage enough to know how to use corrosives for Cankers. The Prince of Arcadia did then imbrace the propoun∣ded proposition, and immediately caused publike Proclamation to be made throughout all his Country, that he being seduced by this wicked Projector, was pleased that his beloved people who thought themselves so highly injured by him, should take what revenge they pleased of that sedicious fellow. And soon after the inventer of those grievan∣ces was delivered into the power of those inraged people, who first with their teeth, then with their hands, and lastly with all sort of Arms did so deal with him, as having made more pieces then one of him, they dragged him in triumphant manner through all the streets of the City. The which being done, the Prince opened the Castle gates, and was thanked by all the people, who ran joyfully to kiss his hands for the sa∣tisfaction, which he had given them; and he taking them all into his

favor, continued in the peaceful receiving of those his new Taxes, which were willingly payed by the people, they being satisfyed with that revenge: so proper is it to the common people inragedly to bite the dart which hath wounded them, and affectionately to kiss the hand that threw it.

The LXXXIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Marcus Portius Cato whilst he reprehends Salustius Crispus for flattering the Emperour Tiberius, is severely taxt by him for being too obstinate.

ALL that come to this Court do infinitely wonder, why Marcus Portius Cato, a personage so famous as he is celebrated and exalted even to the skyes by all writers for his austere manners, integrity of life, wisdom, and for his excessive love, which he hath always shewed to his Country, is not held in so high esteem by his Majesty, as so cryed up a subject seems to deserve: for though from the first day that he entred Pernassus he hath ever aymed at honorable imployments, yet could he never obtain any: nay the best Literati of this Court, who do ex∣ceedingly favor him, have cleerly found a resolution in his Majesty, by no means to make use of such a man. The reason of this Apollo's a∣version, forasmuch as is said by them who are quickest sighted, is, for that Apollo having well examined Cato's minde and Genius, his Majesty holds him to be but an impetuous, proud, impertinent fellow, a ca∣pricious wit of the first head, one that means well, but judges ill, and one who is all zeal, crusted up in imprudency; which qualities are very hateful to Apollo, who thinks it very ill done to bestow publike im∣ployments upon such companions, as ought onely to be conferred up∣on men civilly behaved, and upon such as are so far from giving distaste to any who have business, as they know it chiefly becomes them to give at least satisfactory words to all men. This Cato hapned to be present two days ago, when Salustius Crispus, one of Tiberius his inti∣mate servants, did not onely openly flatter his master, but to the end that he might obtain some very chief place, had humbled himself to some of the most abject Courtiers, but such as were well esteemed by the Emperor: at which base action Cato seemed to be so scandallized, as mightily reprehending Salust; he told him, that men ought to obtain places from their Princes by deserts; and that preferments obtained by the means of unworthy people, did not become men of worth; and that his praising of Tiberius, a man who was known to all the world to be so vitious, had purchast him as much blame, as he might have won praise by putting him in minde of his faults. To this reprehension Salust without any the least alteration of minde, answered; To be free spoken

doth not always help, nor do men always win reputation thereby, as you believe; and as it is folly to sow good seed in the sands, so all counsel is cast away when it is given to obstinate people, and where there is no hope of doing any good thereby. For Suadere principi quod oporteat, multi Laboris. Assentatio ergo Principem quemcumque sine affectu &c. Tacit. lib. 1. Hist.

But upon such occasions as these, goodness, or honesty must be ac∣companyed with wisdom; and who hath not wit enough to fit the Sayles of his interest to every favourable wind that blows, is a fool if he sayle in the tempestuous Sea of the Court, wherein those obstinate men who cannot accommodate their wits to place, time, and persons, do either perish in their first voyage, or run hazard of danger∣ous tempests all their life time, without ever gaining the Haven of their coveted desires. Know Cato, that they are pointed at by all men as great fools, who standing in need of other mens assistance, mar their bu∣siness, onely because they will stand upon the punctilio of what is meet, and on the scruples of reputation. The greatest wisdom of a perfect Courtier, consists in knowing how to fit himself to all humors; without which it is impossible to come to any good in Court: and he who attains to his desired greatness of obtaining a principal digni∣ty or a great Office, is much more admired by every one for the digni∣ty whi•…•…h he possesseth, then undervalued for the means he used to come by it. Every stain of honor which is committed for the bettering of a mans condition, is excellently well washt away, if he can make vertu∣ous use of his new obtained Honor. And to preach chastity (as you do) in Bawdy-houses, or fasting in time of Carnevale, is no better then to make musick to them that are deafe, or to light the blinde with Torches. And of this which I say, I will crave no other Testi∣mony then your own, when in the Roman Commonwealth where you made publike profession of being chief Corrector of the Press, you did but badly govern your own private condition, without ever being able to better the publike affairs.

The LXXXIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo having by a new Edict inhibited Poets to make use of any fabulous Creature in their verses, at the fer∣vent intreaties of the Poets, his Majesty revokes the said Edict.

FOur days since, the Urban Pretor of Pernassus, publisht an Edict in the usual places by sound of Trumpet, and by order from Apollo, that his Majesty being resolved by no means to tolerate that men who should speak nothing but Truths, should invent falshoods, and having heard that Poets in their writings had mentioned Tritons, Basilisks, U∣nicorns, Sirens, Hypogriffiks, Phenixes, Sphinxces, Centaurs, and o∣ther Animals, as realities, being creatures which mother Nature did never create, and that many mischiefs arose from the publishing of such things; understanding particularly that many notorious cheaters sold the Unicorns horn at great rates to simple people, and the other afore∣said things, did by that his Decree declare the aforesaid creatures and other things to be express lyes, meer fables, and Poetical fictions. That therefore his pleasure was that Poets should for the future forbear com∣mitting any such disorders, and that they should make use of nothing in their verses, save what was really produced by nature, upon pain of being banisht Pernassus. The capricious Poets were scandalized at this news, wherefore they assembled themselves suddainly together in their Academy, where by common consent they chose San∣nezzarro for their spokesman to request the revocation of that Edict which was so prejudicial to their Poetry. Sanezzarro presented himself forthwith before the Pretor, complaining bitterly, that in an Age which did so abound in lyes the vertuous inventions of Poets should onely be forbidden, a thing the more worthy consideration, for that by exempting the invention of all fabulous things from their Poems, the very soul thereof was taken away. And that the Poets, who had always been obedient to all his Majesties commands, would wil∣lingly submit to the rigor of this Edict, if it were made universal. That it was very well known that infinite things, yea which much commen∣deed Encomiums, were named for truths by both the meanest, and best Literati of Pernassus, which were no where to be found; and that it would be as acceptable as useful to declare them to be false. The Pre∣tor wisht Sanezzarro freely to name those things, which were with ad∣miration named for truths in Pernassus, and yet were false; for Apollo who was no respecter of persons, would assuredly make them be put in∣to the same Edict. Then said Sanezzarro, uninteressed men, people who love the publike good better then their own private affairs, Offi∣cers who are not slaves to their passions, Princes who are not ambitious of coveting what belongs to other men, are publikely said to live by thousands and thousands in the world, and yet it is better known to A∣pollo

then to any other, whether any such Phenixes be to be found in Egypt, Arabia, or in any other part of the Earth; that therefore if his Majesty would insert these Chimera's into his Edict, and make the Law general, Poets would have no just cause of complaint. This being said, the Pretor went presently to Apollo, and acquainted him with Sanezzarro's desire; who did so much wonder at the request made by Sanezzarro, as he said these very words to the Pretor. Now I per∣ceive the Poets have reason for their complaint, and that my Edict is not universal, therefore revoke it without more ado: for I will rather take the shame upon my self, to let my Literati know, that I was inconsi∣derate in the publication of this Edict, then shame all mankind by ma∣king it know that men absolutely uninteressed are meerly fa∣bulous.

The LXXXV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Giovangirolimo Aquaviva, haveng overcome a very great difficulty, is with much Honor admitted into Per∣nassus.

IN the Assembly of the Vertuosi which was held for that purpose on Thursday last, the credential Letters brought by a Gentleman who was sent to this Court from Signior Givangirolimo Aquaviva Duke of Atri, were read; who afterwards delivering his Embassie, did in very handsome language desire that the Duke his Master might be admitted into Pernassus; and in the same assembly the good deserts of the said Duke were diligently examined, and maturely discust, and this noble Duke being found to be very well verst in all the Liberal Sci∣ences and arrived at the height of excellency in the Mathematicks; by his Majesties express order who was ever very partial to this noble Fa∣mily, wherein learning seems rather to be hereditary, then purchas'd by long study, was created superintendent of the Triangles and lineato∣re Maggiore di euclide: after this the wonted Cavalcata was decreed unto him, and being accompanyed by the Lord Poets, and the other learned Princes of fruitful Parthenope, with many of their servants in rich liveries, the shew was very noble, and worthy so deserving a Prince; but the greatest wonder was, to see the Duke discourse a long time with Homer, and Pindarus not making use of Valla, or any other interpreter, certainly a very glorious action in these Times, and which purchas'd the Duke the more glory, for that the Vertuosi of Pernassus did consi∣sider that this Princes learning was of the very finest sort which makes them so much respected who are therewith indued. Nor did he this out of necessity to eat bread, nor to make use of it (as many do) for a Patrimony, but onely that, though he was born of noble blood, and very rich, he might not be thought an ignorant Plebeian, and an un∣learned

begger: for this Prince always held that perfect Nobility, and true riches did onely consist in vertue. The Duke was already come with his noble Cavalcata into the Via Sacra, when it was made known unto him in his Majesties name, by a publike messenger, that he must return back, for there was so great an impediment found in him, as by vertue of the Pegasean Pragmatical Law he could not be admitted into Pernassus. Upon this unfortunate news il Rota, il Tansillo, and many other Neapolitan Poets of the first Classis, hasted to Apollo, and un∣derstood that the impediment arose, for that the illustrious Octavius Car∣dinal Aquaviva, when he was Prelate in the Court of Rome, had exer∣cised the place of Maistre d'Hostelle under Pope Gregory the fourteenth, and that since it was known in Pernassus, that the formerly stately Courts of Princes, through the tricks and inventions of beggerly Mastre d'Hostels were infected with the sordid contagion of foul avarice, it was enacted by a very severe Edict, that for the future, not onely such as had exercised the hateful Office of Maistre d'Hostelle in Princes Courts should never be admitted into Pernassus, but that all that de∣scended from them, or were any ways allyed unto them, even to the for∣tieth degree, should be for ever excluded. The Duke was very much troubled at this unfortunate rub; but having known that Edict long before, he had foreseen the difficulties, which he might meet withal in Pernassus, so as to remove away all obstacles, he took a letter out of his bosom written with his own hand unto his son, wherein he did expresly forbid him to accept of that place; but the business of Maistre d'Ho∣stel is so odious in this Court, as the Letter in justification of the Duke, was not read, nor any ways taken into consideration; and now the bu∣siness grew desperate, and the Cavalcata began to return backwards, when Cesare Caporale a Poet, who having been greatly obliged to the house of Aquaviva, hasted to Apollo, to whom he largely attested, that Signior Octavio, as he was nobly minded, so had he always lived in a liberal manner, and that he was not made Maistre d'Hostelle by that free handed Pope for having a narrow soul, and given to getting, but onely that by the dignity of that so honorable a degree, he might shew him to be a person fit to be made a Cardinal, as it soon after fell out; and that whilst he did discharge that place, he studyed nothing more then how to feed the Vertuosi plentifully, to protect the Literati, and to reward those that deserved well; a piece of generosity, wherin he did always shew such liberality and greatness, as finding that certain roguish But∣lers, mingled water with wine in the Popes Cellar, he commanded by a severe and noble Edict, which even to this day is punctually observed, that it should not be lawful for any one for the future to have any water in those Cellars. Apollo was so well pleased with this decree, as he commanded that it should be written in large letters of gold by Croes∣sis that famous Millanese Scribe and chief writer of Text-hand, in the Delphick Library, and that for the honor and glory of the famous Family of the Aquavive, and for the Dukes reputation who had in∣riched the present age with so deserving a son, it should be carryed be∣fore him in the Cavalcata, which was the noblest and most admired thing that was seen therein: and to compleat the Dukes contentment, and the splendor of his house, his Majesty decreed the Title of Mecenas to Signior Octavio Cardinal Aquaviva, and sent it him by an express Messenger yesterday in forma dignum.

The LXXXVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Duke of Laconia to revenge himself by way of Law upon a chief Senator of State for some private distastes that he had taken at him, commanded Fle∣minio Cartaro, his Iudge of Assize, to proceed se∣verely against him upon some heads which he would give him, and he denyes to obey him.

THe Duke of Laconia to take revenge for some distastes which he pretended to have received from a chief Senator of his State, be∣gan under other pretences to trouble him at Law; and having made him be imprisoned, he commanded Flaminio Cartaro one of his Judges of Assize, to make severe process against him, and gave him some heads in writing, whereupon to examine him. Cartaro when he had considered the quality of the person against whom he was to proceed, and the faults which were pretended to be laid to his charge, easily perceived that the Duke would vent his private rage of hatred against that so signal personage, by colour of justice. And thinking it mis∣became a man of his place to serve as a Minister to other mens passions, and knowing that the purchase of unjust Princes favors by the shedding of innocent blood would soon be severely vindicated both by God and man; rather then to stain his reputation by so foul an action, put on that generous resolution, which ought to be imitated by all Judges in the like case; he escaped by night out of Laconia, and some six days ago came to this Court. The Duke of Laconia as soon as he heard Car∣taro was fled, and knew what way he took, sent forthwith two Embas∣sadours to Apollo, who earnestly desired his Majesty that for weigh∣ty state-Interest Cartaro might be kept forthcoming, and sent back to their Prince. Apollo who before he would take any resolution, would know the truth of the business from Cartaro's self, caused him to be im∣mediately sent for, and before the Embassadors asked him the reason of his so sudden and secret flight from Laconia. Who plainly and ve∣ry particularly acquainted Apollo with the truth of what had hapned between him and the Duke of Laconia, and then added, that had it been in an hereditary state, he would in giving judgement have obeyed his Princes will; but that in an elective Principality, as was that of La∣conia, where Brevi Momento summa verti possunt, Tacit. lib. 5. Annal. and where in the twinkling of an eye, he might command in chief, who did formerly obey, and where new Princes are usually either of a differing Genius, or contrary factions to the former, when a Prince, say it be not out of private hatred, but justly doth vex any great Officer, he should not finde either Judges, Advocates, or Serjeants ready to serve him. For new Princes, who commonly do not approve of their

Predecessors Actions, when they cannot cudgel the Ass (the dead Prince) vent all their rage and fury upon the pack-saddle (the Judge whom they have in their power) and that in faults committed by great men, and executed by those that are meaner, the known proverb was very true, that the weakest went to the wall; for it was not onely the cu∣stom of angry dogs, but even of judicious men, to revenge them∣selves upon the stone, when they cannot come by the Arm that threw it: and that this his doctrine was so true, as he could give them the exam∣ple of a famous Doctor of Castel Bolognese, who was forced to feel the Tempest of that Rage, which was not possible to shower down up∣on those great dogs, which had good teeth to bite withal.

The LXXXVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Some Princes of this State having presented Apollo with a Book of the Reason of State, the Vertuosi of Per∣nassus not approving of the definition of State therein given, publish a new one, which was very much displeasing to those Princes.

THe greatest Princes of this Court, did with general applause pre∣sent Apollo two days ago with a book which treated of the Reason of State: and press'd very much, that as being a very meritorious work it might be put into the Delphick Library. Apollo who knew very well how much Princes abhor those writings, which treating of State∣affairs, discover their souls, fashions, and inward intentions to the meaner sort of men, wondered very much when he saw it was greatly desired by them that the book might be published to the world; and as it com∣monly falls out in such like cases, he sorely suspected, lest these Princes might in such a business hide some private ends of their own; where∣upon according to the practice of this Court, the book was assigned o∣ver to the Library Censors, who did the more diligently consider it, for that they likewise did apprehend some cheat, which they soon found out. They therefore told his Majesty the next day, that those Princes did so highly celebrate the book of the Reason of State which they had presented unto him out of self-interest; for nothing being treated of therein but the Politicks In genere, there was no mention made therin of that reason of State which the Title promised; and that Reason of State being of the Politicks, the Author of the book had craftily, (and peradventure bribed so to do by the Princes) given it the specious defi∣nition which belongs to the whole body of the Politicks; saying, That the reason of State was the knowledge of fitting means to ground, maintain, and inlarge a State; by which gilded definition they endeavoured to make the Reason of state appear to be a good thing,

which Learned men, and such as did more fear God, then flatter Princes, freely termed the Devils Law. Apollo did infinitely dislike the falshood used by that Author, and immediatly gave order, That the Title of Reason of State should be taken from that Book (which otherwise was very elegantly written,) and that of the Politicks, put in the place of it: At which, the Princes were infinitly displeased; when not long after, one mightily cried up for his skill in the Politicks, did with excellent Reasons refute the former Erroneous definition of the Rea∣son of State, and gave it publickly another definition; which was, That the Reason of State was a Law useful for Commonwealths, but absolutely contrary to the Laws, both of God and Man. A Definition which being written in Letters of Gold, and afterwards affixed upon the Columns of the Peripatetick Porch, was approved of by all the Literati for as absolutely true, as the other was in extremity false.

The Princes, who thought that this new Definition was published onely to put a scorn upon them, were so highly incensed, as some of them moved to take up Arms against the Literati, and to end that im∣portant business with Sword in hand; but the wiser sort did mollifie the rage of the more capricious, and did joyntly present themselves before Apollo, where Lewis the Twelfth, that famous King of France, speaking to His Majesty in the name of all the other Princes, com∣plained, That a Definition was given to the Reason of State, by the Literati, which was very wicked; which if His Majesty should not soon recal, their States should be put into confusion. Apollo answered King Lewis, That he did from that time forward de∣clare the Definition given lately by his Vertuosi to the Reason of State, to be utterly scandalous, and wicked; but that to pro∣vide against the evil which so free a Definition might occasion amongst their Subjects, it was not a good remedy to cloake it over with fair words, as the Author of the Book had done; for mischiefs were not cured by concealing; and that he and all the rest of the Princes would confess the Definition to be true, which they seemed so much to dread, if they would call to mind, that when they did any thing, which for the impiety thereof, did neither a∣gree with the Laws of God, nor man, if they were afterwards asked by any one why they had done so impious a thing; they were ready to alleadge the Reason of State for the occasion thereof.

Then turning to Lewis the twelfth, Apollo said; The better to manifest the truth of what I say, to your self, and to all these Princes which are here present, I will make use of one of your Actions, which will make it appear clearly, that the Definition of State, published by my Literati, and which you do now so much op∣pugn, is very true.

You know, your first Wife was Sister to Charles the eighth, your Predecessor in the Kingdome of France; and I know, you likewise remember that you did adhere to the Conspiracy made by Francis Duke of Burgundy, by Charles Duke of Burgundy, and by many other great Lords, against the Kingdome of France,

and that you were taken prisoner by King Charles your Sisters hus∣band; and that whilst the putting of you to death as a Rebel was in a∣gitation, your Wives efficacious Prayers was that which saved your life.

You know likewise, that Charles being dead a little while af∣ter, you succeeded him in his Kingdom, and that you might mar∣ry the Queen Dowager, Wife to the late Charles, you got to be Divorc'd from your former Wife, which you excused by pretending that your Marriage with so great a Princess was done by compulsion; as if there needed violence to marry the Sister of so great a Prince to any one; you your self know Lewis, that this Divorce was nei∣ther answerable to the Laws of God nor Man: tell me then what was the reason that moved you to banish that wife your bed, to whom you confess you owe your life.

King Lewis freely answered Apollo, that doubtless it was the Reason of State that had compelled him so to do; for the Queen Dowager of France having in her, the noble Dowry of the Duke∣dome of Britany, he had marryed her, to the end that that Pro∣vince which was of so great importance, and from which France had formerly received so much mischief, should not again be dis∣united from his Kingdom.

See then said Apollo, how you made that marriage which you knew did neither agree with the Laws of God nor man, being forced to do so by Reason of State; by which example, you and all these Princes may cleerly see that the Definition made by my Literati of the Reason of State is most true; now then since you are convinced of the foul impiety thereof, know that the best means that you can and ought to use to keep your self and your State from being damnifyed thereby, is, not to use it, for it is too bare∣faced Hypocrisie to seem more to abhor fould words, then foul deeds.

The LXXXVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Marcantonio Moreto desires Apollo that he may have leave to make an Oration in the publike Schooles of Pernassus in the praise of the Clemency of the most glorious King of France, Henry the Fourth, but is denyed it.

MErcantonio Moreto a famous French Orator, told Apollo some few days since, that having exactly examined all the vertues of all the French Kings, and compared them with the valor and glory of King Henry the Fourth, he found that there was not any of them that might be compared to him; and that to make the French adore so gal∣lant a King, and to incite all Christian Princes to heroick vertue, he desired his Majesty to give him leave to declame in the praise of so glo∣rious a King publikely in the Rhetorick school: and because to speak of all the vertues which did abound in so great a King, would require more then a months space to do it; to the end that his Oration might not exceed the usual time of one hour, he would onely celebrate that admirable vertue of Clemency, which was so peculiar to his Henry, as that he cleerly found, by the use thereof he had so far exceeded all hu∣mane mansuetude, as that he bordered upon heavenly mercy: for he had pardoned such injuries in his most implacable enemies, as would ne∣ver have been forgotten by any one save by a King of France; a vertue which appeared to be so much the more eminent in that great Monarch, for that in these so corrupt present times, to pardon injuries vvas not thought to be an heroick and vertuous action, but base and abject covvardise. The same Moreto told every one, that contrary to vvhat he could ever have believed, Apollo vvas highly incensed at that his re∣quest, and that with an angry countenance he said, he was grosly igno∣rant in going about to celebrate the most revengeful and implacable K. that did ever live for his mercifulness: and that if he would praise the infinite valor of Henry the fourth his invincible constancy in adverse fortune, moderation in prosperity, his excellent knowledge in military affairs (wherin he had far exceeded all Kings and Commanders who had ever purchased the glorious name of warlike) the more then humane vi∣vacity of his spirit, the vigilancy of his indefatigable minde, or his dexterous government of that great Kingdom, he nor his Literati, who were partially addicted to so puissant a King, could not hear any more melodious Harmony: but that since that noble acquisition which he made of France, he had revenged himself much more cruelly upon his enemies, then merciless Augustus had done by his execrable Proscription; & that Pernassus was no place to exaggerate falshoods in: Notwithstand∣ing this so resolute answer, Moreto was not discouraged, but with great observancy replyed; that having exactly considered all the vertues of

his King, he did again affirm unto his Majesty that he found not that any one of them did shine more brightly in him then his clemency. Then Apollo looking with a very pleasant countenance upon Moreto, said, tis plainly seen thou honest French man, that thou art onely a meer Grammarian, for thou seemest not to know that that King onely ought not to be vindicative, who (as did Augustus) kills his enemies when he hath conquered them; for to take an evil wishers life away, to the end that he may not see his enemies Triumphs and prosperity; to the end that he may not suffer a thousand torments and deaths hourly, is a kind of pitty. He is to be accounted revengeful, and infinitely cruel, who suffers him to live, who confounds him with pardon, and who doth continually martyrise and torment him by his worthy actions and per∣petual prosperity, as yours and my beloved Henry hath been observed to do more then all the Kings that ever were on earth; who still grow∣ing more and more cruel, by his perpetual felicity, by shewing to the world his Justice, liberality, advisedness, and great piety; did still the more afflict those his enemies, who that they might render him odious to his people of France, did openly affirm, that if ever he should come to be King of that powerful Monarchy, he would surely prove the ut∣ter and final ruine thereof. And how much did it grieve the enemies of so great a King thinkest thou Moreto, when they saw his victory com∣pleated, and his fortune confirmed by his own worth, and valor? and with what an eye thinkest thou they did behold him conqueror, trium∣phing, and not onely adored, but reverenced by his people, according to the ancient custom of France? so glorious, as the very first day that he mounted the Throne, he became the absolute Arbitrator of the world. Dost not thou believe it did much more grieve these mens hearts to see the King of Navar, whose suppression they had so much indeavoured, become the most glorious King of France, then when they thought themselves surest of his down-fall? and then confirmed in his Kingdom by so plentiful an issue, as they are forced to confess they were sent him by Heaven? Dost not thou believe Moreto, that these his malevolents esteem so great happiness, such prosperity given by God to this our King, to be their shame and misery? They are perpetually tortured, who for their greater confusion are suffered to live, being forced to see the Halcyon days of this powerful Kingdom of France.

The LXXXIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

A Literato presents Apollo with an Oration made by him in praise of the present Age: Which is laid aside byish Majesty, as not grounded upon any truth.

SOme few daies since a famous Literato presented Apollo with an eloquent Oration composed by him in praise of the present age, wherein he clearly shewed how much of latter times goodness, godli∣ness, and all sorts of vertue are increased in the world, and concluded, that from such excellent beginnings, mankind might securely hope, that that happy. Golden Age so cry'd up by the Poets, was now very nigh at hand. This Literato and his Oration found but cold acceptance at Apollo's hands; and being asked whether he had so well considered the Age which he had so highly praised, as he ought to have done, and with what spectacles he had viewed and contemplated it, he answered, that he had not only viewed the Courts of a great many famous Princes, the most accurately that he could, but had travailed over the greatest part of Europe, in all which Courts and Countries he had diligently obser∣ved the lives of those who commanded in chief, and their fashions who obeyed, and that he had observed nothing in them which was not highly to be praised; and that then in passing his judgement upon all the particulars of the present Age, which appeared to him to deserve praise, he, not aiding himself by any spectacles, made only use of the eyes of his judgement, which he thought were not dim sighted.

Apollo reply'd, That surely he had written that his Oration in the dark, for that the true state of the present age, the true intimate intentions of those that govern in it, and the real meanings of those that live in it, could not be seen, no not by Linceus's eyes, unless a man did put the purest Politick Spectacles upon his nose, whereby he might see the truth of passions, which lay deeply hid in the breasts of modern men; who were so mysterious in all their proceedings, as their inward mea∣nings appeared least outwardly. Which being said, Apollo caused a pair of excellent spectacles to be given to that Literato, which were lately made in Tacitus his Forge, and bad him view the present age through them, and then tell him whether it appeared to be the same which he had so exalted in his Oration. The other obey'd, and after having well contemplated and considered the Age through those specta∣cles; Sir, said he, That which I now see wi•…•…h these spectacles, is not the age wherein we now live, but a world full of ostentation, and outward appearance, with very little substance of true vertue, where an infinite number of men are lined with feigned simplicity, clad with the false Alchumy of appearing goodness; but full fraught with cosenage, tricks, and plots, where nothing is more studied, then how to over-reach ones companion, and to hurl his neighbour into the hell of wicked en∣terprises, by false pretence of sanctified meanings. I see a world full of

Interest, in which I cannot discern charity, and candid love between the Father and the Son; and by these miraculous spectacles I plainly see, that the World is nothing but a large Shop, where all things un∣der the Moon are bought and sold; so as the true meaning of men that live therein, is meer gain, and how to heap up monies; and in fine, the world is so ugly, as it is hateful to me to keep these spectacles on my nose; for certainly mankind might be truely termed miserable, if our present age, which I have deservedly praised in my Oration, were in any the least degree like this which I behold. Truely, said Apollo, the world which you now have seen with these politickspectacles, is the ve∣ry same which you glory so much in having praised, where those who will pass their judgement without making use of these penetrating spe∣ctacles, are like those unfortunate wretches, who putting their hands in∣to a hole to find a Creafish, pluck out a Toad.

The XC. ADVERTISEMENT.

Christopher Columbus, and other famous discoverers of the new world, desire Apollo that Immortality may be decreed them for their noble daring, but are denied it.

CHristophano Colombo, Ferrante Cortese, Magelin Pizzaro, Gama, Americo Vespuchi, and many other famous discoverers of the new World, appeared two daies since in this Court: Never was there seen a more signal pleasing spectacle in Pernassus, nor fuller of curiosity, then the entrata made by these Gentlemen, who were met, accompani∣ed, visited, welcomed, and lodg'd by the Princely Poets, with as much affection and honour as men deserve, who by their incessant labour, and numberless hazards, have inriched the Universe with a new World. Nor is it to be believed what consolation the Vertuosi received, for having at last come to the clear and distinct knowledg of the quantity and quality of that great Machine of the earth, which immortal God hath created to be an habitation for men: In so much as Ptolomy, Varro, and other Cosmographers did very often visit these Gentlemens houses; not be∣ing able to satisfie their curiosity of seeing those parts of Asia, Africa, and whole America together with the Cape of good Hope, and the Straits of Magelen, which for so many thousand years were unknown to Anti∣quity. Astrologers have hardly satisfied their desires by the purchast knowledg which they had of the Stars of the other Pole. Aristotle was greatly amazed when these Gentlemen told him, that the Torrid Zone did not only not burn through the heat of the Sun, as all Philoso∣phy-Schools did hold affirmatively, but that it is rather too humid, and that it is inhabited by an infinite number of people: and it was a novel∣ty which appeared to surpass all human miracles, to hear that the Win∣ters were there too cold and rainy, when the Sun was perpendicular o∣ver

the peoples heads: By which he clearly found how many falshoods he and other Philosophers had published of the Torrid Zone, and how fallacious it was to give positive judgement, out of meer conjectures upon the wonders of the all powerful God miraculously fabricated; and he was very much pleased to arrive at last at the knowledge of the true cause of the flowing of the River Nile, whereof, together with many other Philosophers, he remembred he had said many foolish things. Se∣neca the Tragedian made use of so great a novelty, arrived in Pernassus to his immortal glory, boasting every where, that being inspired by Divine Poetical fury, he had by his famous Verses foretold for above 1400 years ago so great a discovery: And some Literati, who laugh∣ing at him, said that Seneca in that his Tragedy spoke but by guess, tast∣ed of his Majesties displeasure; who thinking that the honour of the Muses was much concern'd by that incredulity, made them inhabit for many daies amongst the ignorant. Dantz Aligieri won more glory, who had affirmatively held in his Verses, that the Antartick Pole, which had never been seen by any in his daies, was un Grand Crosiero.

These famous Hero's had audience on Tuesday last in the Royal Hall, where Apollo was assisted by the Muses, who were come thither out of a curiosity to see the faces of those men who had courage enough not to dread the incensed Seas, and to plough them up (though they were unknown unto them, and full of shelves and rocks) even in the darkest and most tempestuous night. Columbus, after having kist the last step of the Royal Throne, and the nethermost hem of the Muses garment, and made low reverence to the Colledg of Literati, said in a stately O∣ration for him and his Companions, that the two glorious Princes, Fer∣dinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile having extirp'd the wicked Mahometan Sect from out the Catholick Kingdoms of Spain, at the expence of much gold and bloud, God was resolved to gratifie them with a gift worthy of so great piety: And that therefore his Divine Majesty having debarred the courage and curiosity of men in former times from discovery of the new world, had reserved it to remune∣rate the zeal which he had discovered in those two famous and powerful Princes, to his service; who being born to propagate the holy Christi∣an Religion amongst Infidels, had piously caused it to be planted a∣mongst those Idolaters; and that the ever living God having at last per∣mitted men to make discovery of the new world, he himself first, and then those other famous Pilats that were there with him, had so succes∣fully sailed over all the vast Ocean, as after having discovered new and large Provinces, and very rich Kingdoms, they following the same source which his Majesty had laboured so much in, from the East to the West, had compassed the whole world about. By which their fortunate fate, not only Cosmography, Astronomy, and the Meteors, but even Physick, and the other praise-worthy Sciences had received singular ad∣vantage; and that to boot with the curiosity of infinite diversity of Customs and Rites, newly discovered by them amongst incredible num∣bers of people: they had also inriched the old world with spices, and medicines excellently good for the life of man, and with such riches, as they had caused Rivers of Gold and Silver to run throughout Europe, and great store of pretious stones; and that in reward for so great labours, they only desired that that eternal fame might be grant∣ed

to them and to their memory, for the purchase whereof they had freely undertaken, and happily finished that which appeared so dread∣ful to men of former times. Columbus's Speech was attentively list∣ned unto; and it was immediately decreed by his Majesty, that these so famous Heroes should be preferred before the Argonauts, and that the glorious Ship-Victory, with which Mageline had first compassed the world, should be placed in heaven amongst the fixt stars, and that the names of so illustrious men should be ingraven with indilable Chara∣cters in the Tables of Eternity, in the Foro Massimo. And whilst Ni∣cholas Perinotto the Delphick chief Chancellor, held forth the Decree that it might be the more binding, Mario Molza appeared in the Royal Hall, a cry'd up Poet, but very deformed, as not having any hair ei∣ther on his head or face, who was yet rendred more monstrous by his having no nose, his face full of gum and scabs, who pointing with his finger to his wounds, said with a lowd voice, These which you see, Sir, in my face, are the new Worlds, the new Customs and rites of the Indians; these are the Jewels, Pearls, Drugs, Astrology, Meteors, Cosmography, these are the Rivers of Gold wherewith these new and unfortunate Argonauts of the French Pox, who are come into Pernas∣sus only to add scorn and derision to our mischiefs, have enriched and filled the world; these are the new receits which they have brought with them to infect mankind with a disease so contagious, so cruel and shameful, as it is greatly disputed amongst the Learned, whether it do more pollute the body, or shame reputation: These hair-braind men have enrich'd and beautified the world with these Jewels wherewith you see my face blistered, and my body wounded; these implacable ene∣mies of mankind have corrupted the very generation of man. Then turning towards Colombo, Molza began to unty his briches, but the Muses, to keep their eyes from being contaminated with the sight of a∣ny obscenity, commanded the under Officers to hinder him from so do∣ing; which Molza perceiving; I, said he, most Divine Dieties; will shew no dishonesty in this august place, but the woful calamities, and miserable wounds brought by these men from their stately new worlds, which are unknown to all former Physick and Chyrurgery. And how, Signor Christophano, would you have men taste the odoriferousness of those Aromaticks which you so much glory to have brought from the Indies, if the French Pox, wherewith you have so perfumed the world, be a capital enemy to the nose? I know not with what face you can say, that God, to reward the merits of your Potent Princes, hath bestowed upon them the world which you have discovered, when it is much more true, that his divine Majesty hath made use of you to trans∣plant the pestiferous French Pox, which is so sore a scourge to the li∣bidinous, into Europe. And how dare you say that you have enrich'd the world with Drugs, if Pepper, Cynamon, and Cloves cost thrice as much now as they did, before you did imbitter those Dolci Fichi, which I have so highly praised in my Verses, with the Arsnick, and Nax Vomica of those tortering plasters, and shameful incissions which I dare not name in this place? And do you think that your having brought such quantity of Gold and Silver as you speak of, from the new world, into the old, can be termed our felicity, when our greatest happiness would have been, never to have been acquainted with any of those

damn'd mettals which are the chief cause of all our evils? But you and your companions may doubly glory, first for having put the old world into such confusion, with the great store of Gold which you say you have brought with you, and then for having brought the new world to a final ruine, by introducing the sword. But what need hath Eu∣rope of so much Gold, since all things necessary for human life grow daily dearer, and the peoples poverty increaseth every day? And not to conceal that which ought to make you odious to his Majesty, and to all his Vertuosi, it is not any thi•…•…st after honour, nor (as you have false∣ly affirmed) the desire of that glory which eternizeth mens memories, which hath eg'd you on to so dangerous and damnable an enterprise, but incited by avarice, spur'd on by ambition, and driven on by the thirsting after that gold which your Country doth value so lightly, is that which made you rashly pass those Hercules his Pillars, which wise Antiquity set for bounds to the insatiable curiosity of man; and for proof of what I say, did not you, Signor Christophano, compel your Kings of Spain to pay your good deserts, by making you be brought prisoner from your Judges, and fettered as a publick thief of the Regal Trea∣sure? And you, Marquiss Pizzaro, Did not you play the trick of a special Gentleman to Antabalipa King of Peru, in robbing him of the great store of Gold which you found he had? And fully to compleat your infamy, Did not you rebel against the Emperor your Master? An action so much the more shameful, for that such bruitishness is seldom seen to fall out amongst the Spanish Nobility. For these reasons, Sir, and for the evil behaviour which these famous Argonauts of Torters have used to the Indians, wrought off their legs in the Forges of Gold, are so far from receiving any favour from your Majesty, as they ought to be cudgeled out of Pernassus, as pernitious people, and fatal to mankind. Molza's discourse appeared to Apollo, and to the reverend Colledg of Literati, to deserve better consideration then did appear at the first; wherefore Colombo was answered in his Majesties name, that he should take back the French Pox, the Gold and Silver which he found in his Judges, and that he and his companions should with all speed quit Pernassus; for that he had gained enough; and because mans happiness consisted in living in a little world well inhabited by men, and not in being Master of many great worlds, for the most part uninhabited by men, and only fraught with wild beasts.

The XCI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Sigismond King of Polonia, prefers a Paladine to the prime dignities of his Kingdom, who proving perfidi∣ous, the Polack Nobility, thinking the publick reputa∣tion was concerned in this privat Palatines Misdemea∣nour, revenge themselves severely upon him.

SIgismund Augustus, that famous King of Poland, being strangely affectionate to one of the chief of his Nobility, raised him to be the greatest, richest, and most powerful Paladine of his Kingdom; but with bad success to his Family: For this great Personage, were it either through his particular vice of ingratitude, or for that the fatal de∣stiny of Princes will have it so, and that human mischief requires it, that benefits which for their immensity cannot be rewarded, should be paid with the wicked coyn of ingratitude; or else that it be the parti∣cular defect of great men, to love (like generous animals) Liberty a∣bove all things, and to hate being fettered by the Chain of obligation; when this Paladine found that he could expect nothing more from the King, nor that the King could confer no more upon him; he did not only not stick to shew himself manifestly ingrateful, but had the audaci∣ty to discover himself upon some important occasions, his deadly ene∣my. This man being stained with so enormous a fault, was found the night preceding, the 14 of this present month, dead in his bed, stab'd through with many daggers: and a Note was left upon his head, which advised the Judge not to trouble any body concerning that fault, which the Paladines of Warsavia, of Uratislavia, and of Posna, confessed to have committed with their own hands, out of justifiable reasons. This accident, very hainous, as well in consideration of him that was slain, as of those that slew him, was of so much greater wonder in Pernassus, in that the Authors of so great a Riot, were held to be the dearest and most intimate friends that the slain Paladine had; wherefore the aforesaid Note was held to be fictitious; but it was afterwards believed to be true by those Paladines being retired into their own Palatinates, who were that very day seen in Pernassus.

Apollo, who much loves the peace of Polonia, fearing lest it might be disturbed by so sad an accident, which had made the chief Lords of that Kingdom take up Arms, caused peace immediately to be treated of between the murtherers, and the sons of him that was slain; who out of such reverence as became them, signified unto his Majesty, that to give him satisfaction, they would readily forget the injury which they had received by their fathers death; but that to wipe the tears from off their eyes, and to cure their wounded hearts, they desired on∣ly so much satisfaction, as that their enemies might declare whether their miserable father had so much distasted those his friends, as did de∣serve

so cruel a resentment; this request seemed very reasonable to A∣pollo, who immediately gave order that the Delinquents should have notice given them thereof. They returned answer, That having long before observed the great ingratitude of that Paladine towards the King his Benefactor, they had often severely admonished him to forbear those actions, which did so much misbecome such a one as he was, but that all being in vain, the interest of the publick reputation of the Po∣lack Nobility, had forced them with their daggers to revenge the inju∣ry which was thereunto done by this ungrateful person.

When Apollo had read this Justification, 'tis said he confest, that since many riotous excesses were committed out of good intentions, and meer punctilio's of honour; Judges and Princes must some times not only bear with Delinquents, but punish the offended, and afterwards sent the Note of Justification to the sons of the slain Paladine; who be∣ing more vertuously minded then was their father, came to Apollo, and told him, that having considerately reflected upon their fathers de∣meanors towards his so well deserving King, and upon the occasion which had forced those Paladines to bereave him of his life, they saw they were compelled to pardon the publick revenge which they had taken, for the so great offence done to the Polack Nobility; and that they very well knew, that a Noble man who had received great advan∣tages by his Princes munificence, if he should afterwards prove un∣grateful, did so cut up even by the very roots, all hopes of greatness and honour, which the Nobility of a great Kingdom might deserve, as that any whatsoever cruel revenge was taken in that behalf deserved to be excused, if not justified: For that Princes terrified by the shameful ex∣ample of the ingratitude of Noble Personages, ought not to be blamed, when in the bestowing of their most eminent dignities, they sought for that gratitude amongst the meaner sort of people, which they feared they should not find in the haughty Nobility.

The XCII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo having a notorious hypocrite in his hands, punisheth him severely.

SO implacable is the hatred which Apollo bears to hypocrisie, as till he published that severe Edict against them, of which you were fully informed by our late dispatches, he promised great rewards to those who would discover such devils to his Judges. And having had certain notice of one of them some six daies ago, his Majesty made him sud∣denly be laid hands on; and causing him to be brought before him▪ at the very first sight he knew him to be a compleat hypocrite; wherefore having stript him of all appearances, fictions, and a number of falshoods, and lastly pluckt from off his back his glittering cloke of feigned ho∣nesty, wherewith he was wholly covered, and shewed him to his Ver∣tuosi

who were there about him in his naked tearms of devillish hypo∣crisie, and then to the terror of others who trade in such wickedness, gave order that he should be close tied to the Gate of the Delphick Temple, which was suddenly done. Never was there any monster seen, any wild beast, or any infernal hag, more horrid and dreadful then he, who made use of counterfeit goodness to cover real vice. For then in this lewd companions eyes, who had formerly a commiserating countenance, an incredible intense malignity was discovered, a tyran∣nous pride in his speech, which was formerly all humility; and in all his actions, wherein he first seemed to be content with a little, and to be scandallized with having much, such a voracity of possessing the whole world, as he publickly affected that all humane kinde should be reduced to beg bread of him. Besides, so envious a genius was discovered in him, as he desired nothing more, then that the Sun should shine upon none but himself and his affairs; which was so apparent a truth, as that his monstrous leanness was seen to proceed more from other mens pro∣sperity, then from his own misery. In fine, he was so horrid and fright∣ful a spectacle, as the people durst not come into the Temple for fear of coming near him. The chief Literati of this State did then much wonder how it was possible that these fraudulent hypocrites, with one only grain of musk of appearing sanctity, could make the noisom jakes of their stinking and most abominable wickedness appear so odoriferous to blockish men, as with a little Orpine of affected goodness, they can cover over such wicked vices. And the wonder was greater, to consi∣der where the eyes and judgement of lasie men were, when bewitch'd with the cunning of such raskals, they flock like fools after them, whom they should fly from, as from the Plague.

The XCIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apuleius his Ass having given his Master two kicks in the breast, is severely punished by him.

IT is sufficiently known to all the professors of Learning, that next to the famous Pegasean Horse, Apuleius his Golden Ass is the beast of highest esteem in all Perna•…•…sus. Beroaldo the Bolognian, who by Apollo's own self is chosen to have care of this highly prized Steed, for which he hath three crowns a month Sallary allotted him, was currying him the other day before the stable-dore, whilst Apuleius himself, to make his Ass the more sleek, was stroaking down his hair with his hand; and it hapned that the Ass, without any bad intention to his Master, flung out with his heels, and hit his Master on the breast, throwing him backward on the ground half dead: And certainly Apuleius was sorely hurt, for the Apothecaries had much adoe to recall him to life, by ma∣ny comfortable applications. But as soon as he was come to himself, he laid hold on the Pitchfork which he found in the Stable, and reveng∣ing

himself upon his unwary steed, laid load upon him therewith, and having well basted him, went his waies. Then Beroaldo much afflicted for the misfortune which had befalne his beloved beast, taking him a∣bout the neck and kissing him, said, my golden Ass, what dire destiny of thine and mine was it that hath drawn upon thee this misfortune of being so sorely beaten, to the great affliction of thy dear Beloardo? The brotherly love which I bear thee, forceth me to tell thee that thou hast dearly paid for the misfortune which hath hapned unto thee, for having foolishly, and with no advantage to thy self, dealt so hardly with thy Master.

The Ass, as if the so many blows which he had received from h•…•…s Master, had been so many special favours, chearfully answered Beloardo thus; Know my Beloardo, that it was neither unadvertency, nor besti∣ality which made me do that to my Master Apuleins, which you saw, and which doth so much displease you, but tis a thing which I have long premeditated, and resolved to do; and know that the bastenadoes which I but now received▪ though I feel them to be very sore, were notwith∣standing very pleasing to me; for these fifty blows which I have now at once received, will save me, I am assured, above a hundred every month, and a thousand every year. And you shall see, Beloardo, that Apuleius will deal more circumspectively with me hereafter for my late resentment: I know that it is necessary and useful, suddenly to obey whatsoever is commanded, and with patience to undergo whatsoever hard usage we receive from our Masters; such Masters I mean as suffer themselves to be overcome by the humility of those that serve them, and who will return gratitude and better usage, for the good service that is done them; but to put on the resolution which I have done, and doth like me, with such indiscreet beasts, such as you know our Master A∣puleius is, who delights to dominier over such as I am, is the way to make them wiser. And wo unto him who living in all submissness with an humorous Master, hath not heart enough so to resent himself once a year, as may turn injuries into better observances: Nor are we burthen-bearing beasts more beaten then Mules are, for any other rea∣son but that they are excellently well skil'd in kicking, whilst we pati∣ently undergo the lash; and you know much better then I, Beroaldo, that in these times with Masters, Nihil profeci patientia, nisi ut gravi∣ora, tanquam ex facili toler antibus imperentur. Tacit. vita Agric.

The XCIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Paulus Iovius presents Apollo with his most elegant Histo∣ries, which give full satisfaction to his Majesty and the College of Vertuosi, and not withstanding some oppositi∣on that is made, he is admitted with great applause into Pernassus.

PAulus Iovius, Bishop of di Nocera, that Noble and famous Histo∣rian, after having been long expected by all the Literati of this Court, came some daies since to the Confines of Pernassus, where he was soon visited by an infinite number of Poets, and of the greatest Historians, and welcomed with many learned refreshments and enter∣tainments. Moreover, all those men who were famous for Arms or Learning, and of whom he had made honourable mention in his Elo∣gies, and other Writings, after having past their complements with him, accompanied him with a numerous and noble attendance unto the Palace Royal, where the Senat of the Vertuosi were met: He there presented Apollo with all his excellent Compositions, which were ac∣ceptably received by his Majesty, who assigned them over to the Cen∣sori Bibliothecarii. These caused Edicts to be posted up the next day in all the publike places of Pernassus, wherein notice was given to every one, that the Histories, and other Writings of the reverend Paulus Iovius, being to be consecrated to Immortality, they had prefixt five daies for the first, five for the second, and five more for the last peremptory tearm, for every one to come in that had any thing to alleadg against him. The day being thus appointed, all the Literati met together in the great Council-Hall, where Iovius appeared before Apollo, where the Censori Bibliothecarii made an honorable Relation of the Writings of that famous Prelat, and did infinitely praise the purity of the Latin Tongue, the loftiness of his stile, his perspicuous method, the infinite variety of things treated of therein, the exquisite diligence used in the texture of those his eternal labours, which they said were such, as that there was not any Latin Historian, who since the declination of the Roman Tongue and Empire, had advanced further in the Latin Histo∣ry. Only some over-curious Literati said, they could have wished for some of the Policy, and some of those Sentences, taken from the very bowels of the Reason of State, in that Prelats Writings, which the Latin and Italian Tacitus are censured to be too full of. Then he was bitterly reprehended for the vast Voragini which were in his Histories; and the Censors, not without discovery of some passion, told him, that if the Vertuosi could not with patience see the defaults of such worthy Writers as Livy▪ Tacitus, Dion, and other famous Historians, whose la∣bours through the injury of time, were lost; it was altogether intolera∣ble in his. Nor was his excuse taken for good which he alleadged, that

the Books which were wanting, were lost in the sacking of Rome, for the Censors freely told him, that if he had spent those pretious hours in filling up what was wanting in his History, which he had thrown a∣way in entertaining the Cardinals, Fernese and Carpi, w•…•…th his pleasant genius in the winter evenings, he would have pleased his friends the Li∣terati better. The Censors having made their Relation, the Hall-dores were thrown open, and every one had leave to make what objections they pleased against Iovius, for any thing that they found amiss in his Writings. Wherefore he was accused by Natalis Comes, for having too much praised Cosmo de Medici, the great Duke of Tuscany; and that being bribed, he had published such prowesse in the Marquisses of Pescara and Vasto, as a maker of Romances could have said but little more of the antient Paladines of France. The Censors reply'd to this accusation of Natalis Comes, that they had observed that Iovius had used diversity of ink in his praises of the great Duke Cosmo, and the two Marquisses, but that they found that by Edict from his Majesty, the like License was given to Historians, as was permitted unto Poets, to im∣broider their Mecenas's Garments with Gold and pretious Stones, in hatred to certain greedy curmuggions, who value not the leaving of a good name behind them to posterity. That therefore it was not only lawfull, but very praise-worthy in Bishop Iovius to exaggerate the prai∣ses of the Princes his Benefactors, and to barter his purest quill with their liberalities: And though it be his bounden duty to hold his peace, who is censured, as the Masters of the Pegasean Ceremonies had signi∣fied unto Iovius at his first entrance into the Hall; yet overcome with anger, he was not able to contain himself, but turning to Natalis Co∣mes, said, What humane praise may, I will not say a man, but a Demi-God deserve, which ought not fully to be given to my great Cosmo, the second Italian Augustus? Soon after Francisco Berni objected, That he had pursued the memory of Lorenzo de Medici too bitterly. To which the Censors answered, That Iovius was so far from deserving blame for that his action, as those seditious Historians were rather to be punished, who invited ignorant people to rebellion by their Encomium upon Bru∣tus and Cassius, and such like, and who provoked fierce spirits, beastial wits, and desperate persons to plot conspiracies against good Princes. Lastly Giorolimo Mutio Iustinopolitano, said, that that Iovius his Hi∣stories being full of falshoods, deserved better •…•…o be burn'd, than to have Eternity decreed unto them. The Censors wisht Mutio to in∣stance in the places wherein Iovius had lied: Who answered, That he knew not any thing himself, but that he had heard it commonly said so; whence they all found Mutius to be one of those ignorant fellows, who accuse Iovius for a lier without having read him.

The XCV. ADVERTISEMENT.

A very famous Literato, who was imprisoned by the Iudges of Assise for being a pratler, is freed by Apollo, as not guilty of such a crime.

THe Vertuosi of this State are bound to speak with as much preme∣ditation and weighing of their words, as other men write in other parts; for •…•…pollo's pleasure is, for the general good, that to hear his Li•…•…erati discourse upon any whatsoever business, be as profitable as to study books; wherefore the speeches of every one be so narrowly watcht, as every least error is sure to receive exemplary punishment. It hapned some three daies ago, that a very learned Vertuoso discoursing upon some Poetical matter, fell into an incidental digression, wherein he so far expatiated himself, as when he had finished it, he could not re∣assume the thread of his former discourse, which was not only noted for a great error, but the Censors being forthwith acquainted with it, he was imprisoned. And the fault appearing to be true, not only by the testimony of divers, but by his own confession, the Judges proceeded with much rigour against him, and inhibited him the use of writing or reading. This miserable Literato, to the end that this severe sentence might either be totally taken off, or at least much mitigated, had recourse to Apollo, who, though he much abhor'd that one of his Vertuosi should be esteemed a prater, yet that he might upon better grounds judge this Literato, he would know from the accused partie's own mouth, what the matter was; which is certainly an excellent way of proceeding, and which if it were imitated by Princes who govern the world, they would not be so much troubled with other mens faults. The Vertuoso acquainted Apollo with all that had been laid to his charge; who having heard his confession, did immediately revoke the sentence (so far doth the Justice differ which God infuseth into the hearts of Princes, from what Judges learn in their Decrees) for finding that the digression into which that Literato had falne, and wherein he had so in∣larged himself, was much more delicate than his first discourse, his Ma∣j•…•…sty thought he had no waies misdemerited by that his forgetfulness, since the error committed was not occasioned through his desire to prate, but out of ambition to purchase honour to himself, by making that digression. And therefore he commanded the Judges to set him at li∣berty, for he was not to be blamed for much discourse, who discoursed well.

The XCVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Philip the second, King of Spain, being offended at what the Duke of Alva had told Apollo, concerning his Go∣vernment of Flanders, whilst he seeks to revenge him∣self upon that his Minister of State, is sent for by Apol∣lo, who was acquainted with what had past, and is by him pacified.

THere was never any Court wherein there were not of those mali∣tiously minded men, who reporting what ought to be concealed, are very desirous to raise scandals, and to kindle enmity amongst their neighbours. This is said, for that Duke Alva, formerly Prince of the Achaians, had no sooner told Apollo, that (though he foresaw it would be occasion of great scandal) he had caused the heads of Prince Eg∣mont and Count Horn to be publickly shewed upon the Skaffolds in Brussels, only because men are of another opinion when they govern another mans State, than when their own peculiar Estate is concerned: But the news thereof was forthwith brought to the wise King of Spain, Philip the second, who being highly offended with that his Minister of State, resolved to revenge so great an injury by Arms; and therefore he commanded some of the Gentlemen of his Chamber, to arm themselves suddenly, and evil intreat the Duke of Alva, wheresoever they should meet him. This resolution of the Kings was discovered, and being forthwith made known to Apollo, his Majesty sent for the King of Spain and the Duke of Alva to come to him; who when they appeared, the King being highly incensed, complained bitterly upon the Duke, that meerly out of ambition of perpetuating himself in the Government of Flanders, he had put his patrimony into the present inextricable trou∣bles, a thing the more worthy of punishment, in that he himself had confest his dealing so badly with his King, with the same freedom as o∣thers glory in honorable actions. The Duke answered in his own de∣fence to this complaint made against him by the King, that he had fought for his King, in Africa, in Germany, in France, in Flanders, and in Italy, and still with victory; and that his faithful and honorable actions had been so ill rewarded in peace, that not only men of the Long Robe, who were unfit for War, had been preferred before him in those Pro∣vinces from whence he had driven out the enemy, but even women, whereby he was either en tertained idlely afterwards in the Court, or else in imployments misbecoming such a one as he, only that he might idolatrize the power of Ruy Gomes di Selva, and other Subjects who were mean in comparison of him, and yet were in greater esteem then he, in his Kings Court; a thing which misbecoming him to suffer, and which he could in no waies digest, as being altogether contrary to his genius, and he one that could not suffer indignities, was not only inter∣preted

by his malevolents, but even by his King; to be an intolerable pride in him, in not being willing to tolerate an equal, much less a supe∣rior to himself in Court; that it was true, that to preserve his reputa∣tion, and to keep such a one as he from being numbred amongst the rank of ordinary Courtiers in the Court of Spain, he had endeavoured to e∣ternize himself in the Government of Flanders, which he would inten∣tively have endeavoured to have reduced into a peaceful condition if he had thought he could have governed it in peace. The King of Spain was much incenst at this so resolute answer, and said, that his State-Mi∣nister having confest his fault twice over, nothing remained but con∣demnation. Nay rather (said Apollo to the King of Spain) I must by absolving the Duke from all that you lay to his charge, admonish such great Kings as you, to deal well with those Commanders, who having purchased the glory of true Military valour at the expence of their bloud, deserve their Kings full favour; for it is just and reasonable, that Kingdoms, and great Provinces, should be governed by those in times of peace, who had the courage to acquire them in war, or who by their Arms have defended them against the publick enemy; but be∣cause many of you care not to do what is just, nor what out of grati∣tude ought to be done, since I find you slow in learning by the advan∣tagious reading of History, how you ought to satisfie and content those Commanders, who with their weapons in their hands, have de∣served to be largely rewarded, be not at least ashamed to take exam∣ple in a business of such importance, from the Ottoman Emperors, who in the troublesom times of War, give the charge of Generalissi∣mo of their Armies, and therein all usefull and advised liberty, to none but to their chief Vziiers, aso sublime dignity, as he who pos∣sesseth it, governs the vast Ottoman Empire in Supreme Authority, as sole Arbitrator of Peace and War. Wherefore the chief Viziers, knowing that their places are much more advantagious and honourable in Peace then in War, behave themselves very faithfully in their war∣like expeditions, to the end that through their worth, they may main∣tain the dignity which they possess; moreover they hasten to get the victory, that they may discharge so great an imployment, by the ac∣quisition of new States, and by subduing the enemy. Philip, 'tis nei∣ther in my power, nor yet in the power of any other Prince, to make men love the advantage of other men, more then their own: And the true art of making Commanders eternally loyal, is (as I have said) to shew them honorable and gainful peace at home, amidst the troubles of War.

The XCVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Pompey the great having invited many Noble Lords of Rome to be present at the dedication of the magnificent Theatre which he had built in Pernassus, they refuse to come.

POmpey the great having finished his stately Fabrick of a Theatre in Pernassus, which was no whit inferior to that which he erected in Rome, when he was to dedicate it, resolved to celebrate the shew of Gladiators; and amongst many other Princes, invited some modern Roman Lords to the entertainment, who did not only excuse them∣selves, alleadging they had not heart enough to behold so bloudy a spe∣ctacle, but confest that they were much scandallized to think that their fore-fathers did not only not detest that cruel pastime, to see men be∣come so merciless one to another, but that even women delighted in so horrid barbarism; and that they would be bold to say, that such like Spectacles were a shame to those that saw them, and did but little honour to those that caused them to be represented. It is known that Pompey readily reply'd, that he should very much admire and love the civility and humanity of the present Romans, in abhorring the shedding of hu∣mane bloud, if they had not stained this their worthiness with the shame∣ful curiosity of flocking with the basest sort of people, to see men put to death by the Hangman.

The XCVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Peter Aretine being again assaulted, Apollo, in respect of the lewd conditions of that Satyrical vitious Poet, com∣manded that no Process should be made upon that Riot.

THis last night past, Peter Aretine, as he returned from visiting his beloved Titian, was assaulted by one who gave him a fowl slash over the face, which may be said to be the twentieth blow that he hath re∣ceived, either by pugniard or cudgel, wherewith people as quick of hand as he was of tongue, have so cut his face, hands, and breast, as they look like a Sea-Card. Apollo was much displeased at this Riot, and com∣manded the Attorney-General to be diligent in finding out the delin∣quent. Aretine was strictly examined, who swore that he neither knew, nor could he imagin who it was that had hurt him. 'Tis said, that

Apollo having heard Aretines examination, his Majesty commanded that no further Process should be made thereupon; for since Aretine could not so much as imagin who it was that had dealt so ill with him, he must of necessity be guilty of one of those two defects which deserve no compassion, either of having offended so many, as he could not num∣ber his enemies, or of forgetting those that had done him injuries wor∣thy resentment.

The XCIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo having received news by an express Poet, whereat he was much rejoyced, communicates it to his Literati with great Iubile.

SO greatly is Apollo pleased with mens vertuous proceedings, as he doth maintain an infinite number of men, not only in Italy, and the other parts of Europe, but in all parts of the world where Learning flou∣risheth, to whom he gives large Salaries, to give him speedy notice by expresses of all the honorable actions, and worthy works, that either a∣ny Prince, or privat man doth perform in any whatsoever Kingdom. Which being after freely communicated by his Majesty to his beloved Literati, serves them for a learned and useful Lecture. This was the cause why the Royal Hall of Audience was filled betimes the next mor∣ning with an infinite number of the Literati of Pernassus, who had heard, that on Tuesday about eight of the clock at night, a Poet was come unto his Majesty, that they might partake of the news he brought from Italy, which being the Soveraign Queen of all Provinces, the Su∣preme Monarch of all the most famous Kingdoms of the world, and the particular Seat of all the most reputed Sciences, is not only looked upon by Apollo, and all the other favourable Planets, but by all the fixt Stars, with those benigne aspects which beget in men the vivacity of a sprightly genius, born to new inventions of the quaintest and ra∣rest things, and the knowledg how to talk well, and do better, toge∣ther with the delightfull vain of writing learnedly, and the easie appre∣hension of all the Liberal Sciences. Apollo appearing then in the Hall, drew first the Letters from out his bosom, which were brought to him by the Post from Italy, and shewing them to all the lookers on, said, My beloved Literati, the world which never ceased in producing Princes of eminent vertue, and private men of excellent Learning, will likewise for ever hereafter produce great store of the like; for by Gods parti∣cular goodness, Learning, which by the inundation of barbarous people, hath some time been seen to go less, cannot notwithstanding perish. Re∣joyce then all of you together with me, be blithe and chearfull; for so the acceptable and happy news requires you to be, which I have now received from Italy, where my most vertuous Francisco Maria della

Rovere, Duke of Urbin, and the Prince of all the modern Literati, per∣ceiving that that sacred Justice, which eternal God hath pleased should inhabit upon earth, to the end that there should no difference arise a∣mongst men touching Meum and Tuum, and that it be not suddenly lul'd asleep by the unfortunate labours of an infinite number of Law∣yers, who by their writings have buried the wholsom Laws in the ditch∣es of cautions, and confusions, so as it is now become prejuditial to that height, as Suits at Law, may now be added as a fourth plague to the former three, wherewith the living God is wont to scourge mankind; a punishment which afflicting the mind, and consuming the wealth of whatsoever rich Patrimony is more cruel then their War, Plague, or Famin: A disorder which, my beloved, is the more harmful to human kind, for that though it be known, and complained of by every one, yet hath it been given over as an uncureable disease, nor was there ever any Physitian found yet, who durst undertake the amendment thereof; but that God who by his inscrutable Judgements hath suffered such a disorder to reign thus long amongst men, now at last hath out of his in∣nate goodness which suffers not mischiefs nor errors to reign long upon earth, raised up a new Justinian, who hath drawn sacred Justice, out of that obscurity and confusion, wherein the unwary Lawyers by their im∣broiled writing had thrown her: For the Illustrious Francisco Mario della Rovere, hath set forth a holy Edict, which commands that no Ad∣vocate in pleading for his Clyent before any Judge of his State, shall be suffered to alleadg any thing but the very Laws themselves, Accur∣sius his Gloss, the Comment of Bartolo, Baldo, Paolo de Castro, Giasone; and in criminal affairs, Angelo de Maleficii, and some few others: This is so excellent a Decree, my beloved, as I cannot but with tears call to mind, that Law-Suits have been so inhumanely immortal in all Tribu∣nals, as that more disputes have been raised, then have been able to be decided in any one mans life-time. And yet every one knows, that e∣ven amongst the Turks (who are wise in this point, though ignorant and without books they have been known to be resolv'd and decided at one only Audience. Add to this, my beloved, that the most pernitious disease of everlasting pleadings, which ought to have been banish'd out of the Territories of all Princes who fear God, and covet their peoples welfare; is for the final infelicity of man, become a dreadful and mor∣tal Merchandize of unprofitable men, who whilst they suck the vital bloud out of Artificers, husbandmen, Merchants, and others that are of service for Commerce, and waste all their wealth; nothing is so much magnified in the world, as the great incomes left by Advocates, Notaries, Sergeants, Proctors, and Judges. His Majesty having said this, he went accompanied by an infinite company of Vertuosi who had heard him, to the chief Temple of Pernassus; whither being come, he beseeched God that he would grant many years of long life to Fran∣cisco Mario, for the universal good, that he would fill the world with Princes of like conditions, and that he would awake the like honora∣ble and holy thoughts in other earthly Potentates, as so wise a Prince had put in execution in his happy Patrimony; for it was a misery and affliction not to be indured by the best composed minds, to sea the ad∣ministration of Justice reduced to that confusion, as the common, more common, nay most common opinions of privat Doctors being more

alleadged at the bar, then the Authority of the Law it self, Suits were grown so chargeable and so eternal, as it were better for men to part with their patrimonies, then to defend it with much anguish of mind before such cruel Harpyes.

The C. ADVERTISEMENT.

A more then usual sweet Odor issuing from the Delphick Li∣brary, Apollo goes himself in person thither to discover the Miracle, and soon finds the occasion of so great a no∣velty.

SOme six daies since, an extraordinary and miraculous sweet Odor proceeded from the Delphick Library, which increasing every day more and more, did very much astonish the Vertuosi of this State: And not being able to guess at the reason of so strange an accident, they ear∣nestly requested Apollo that he would discover it unto them. His Ma∣jesty being likewise moved at the novelty, went the next morning early to the Library; and though the perfume of that Odor came so general∣ly dispers'd from all parts of the Library, as the Literati could not dis∣cern any particular place from which it proceeded; yet Apollo imme∣diately found out the very Fountains head from whence such Fragrancy did flow. And going directly to the place, where, in an Urn of purest Oriental Christal, beset with Pearls and Rubies, the little less then di∣vine writings of Seneca the Morallist are kept, he first honoured those happy Writings, took up the Urn with both his hands, and then turn∣ing towards his Vertuosi, who thinking themselves unworthy to behold Writing so exquisitely excellent, were on their knees with head bowed towards the ground, My dearest Literati (said he) learn from this strange fragrancy which you find doth proceed from the immortal labours of my beloved Anneus Seneca, that if by your late watchings you will make your sanctified precepts savour well in the world, and will perfume your persons with glorious Fame; you must, as Seneca did at last, live answer∣able to your Writings, and do as you say.

The End of the Second Century.