I ragguagli di Parnasso, or, Advertisements from Parnassus in two centuries : with the politick touch-stone / written originally in Italian by that famous Roman Trajano Bocalini ; and now put into English by the Right Honourable Henry, Earl of Monmouth.

THE FIRST INFORMATION. (Book 1)

The Society of Polititians open a Ware-House in Parnassus, Wherein are sold divers sorts of Merchandize, very use∣full for the vertuous living of those that are Learned.

THe Business so many Moneths in Agi∣tation between the Society of Poli∣titians, and the Ministri Camerali, touching the opening of a Publick Ware house in Parnassus, with large Priviledges for Polititians, was the last Week fully concluded; and they yesterday made a Glorious Shew in the Piazza, of all such things as men stand most in need of: Wherefore Menante thinks not much to acquaint you here with the chiefest of them, firmly believing, that all gallant men will be pleased with the notice thereof.

In the first place, great store of Stuffing, or Bombast, not prized by the meaner sort of men, but highly esteemed by understanding Courtiers, is sold in this Ware-house: For those of great capacity, know that the shavings of those finest Clothes which wise men weave with the superfine Wool of forbearance, serves to stuff up the Pack-Saddles of Slavery, to the end that they may sit the more easily upon the backs of those wretch∣ed Courtiers, and not gall their lean sides so horribly, as the sides of some are seen to be, who though they be known to detest labour, are perswaded notwithstanding to go to Court, with assured hopes of spending their time there merrily, and to command others, though they themselves serve. It is very observable, that some young men, though they live at home in the. Fathers houses, have bought good store of this pretious Stuffing, to bolster up some smal Pack saddles, which they make use of in private houses, to the end that they may not come like raw Colts unto the Court, and

that when they shall first undergo that weighty Pack-saddle of Court servitude, they may not commit those senceless absurdities, which cause the Court Colt-breakers, to lash them with bitter distastes, the better to inure them to that toilsom slavery.

There is likewise sold in the same Ware-house, store of Pensils, which are very excellent for those Princes, who upon urgent occasions are forced to paint white for black unto the people: And although this be a Mer∣chandize proper onely for Princes, yet do these false Cheaters provide themselves thereof, who setting their best leg forward, mind only mock∣ing and cosenage, and to feed the silly multitude with fair words, and foul deeds.

They have also abundance of Spectacles, very wonderfull, and of great use: Some of them serve to give light to those libidinous men, who a∣midst their goatish lusts, grow so short sighted, as they cannot discern be∣tween honour and shame, not know a friend from an enemy, a meer stran∣ger from a Kinsman, nor any thing else to which respect ought to be given. So great is the riddance which these Polititians make of these kind of Spe∣ctacles, as it is evidently known that few men see well in carnal affairs.

There are other Spectacles of a clear contrary operation, which keep men from seeing the light; and the Polititians affirm, that though they be generally good for all men, yet are they particularly more useful for Courtiers, then those which enlarge the sight. For many loathsom things present themselves often to the sight of worthy men; upon which, if you shall turn your back, you may peradventure draw upon you the ill will of Potent men; and to behold them, is to martyrize ones self. He who upon such an occasion puts a pair of these miraculous Spectacles upon his nose, shall thereby free himself from the trouble of seeing the naucious things of this wicked and corrupted world, and shall make the foolish rab∣ble believe that he eyes them very accuratly.

Others serve to preserve the sight of unworthy men, who the very day that they have received any new dignity, lean towards ingratitude. The Masters of the Ware-house say that they are made of the tenacious memo∣ry of benefits received, and past friendships.

But very miraculous is the workmanship of those Spectacles which make Fleas appear to be Elephants, and Pigmies Giants; these are greedi∣ly bought up by great Personages, who putting them upon the noses of unfortunate Courtiers, do thereby work such an alteration in the eye-sight of those wretches, as, if their Lord do but lay his hand upon their shoul∣ders, or do but cast an artificial smile upon them, they take it as accepta∣bly as a reward of 500 hundred Crowns a year.

But the Spectacles lately invented in Flanders, are bought at the dear∣est rates by men of highest rank, which they give to their Servants, there∣by making rewards and dignities appear near unto them, which their sight cannot reach unto, and which peradventure they shall never arrive at as long as they live.

There are sold Moreover in the same Shop (but at a very dear rate) Hu∣mane Eyes, which are of admirable use; for it is not to be beleived how much men better their own affairs, when they look upon them with the eyes of other men. Nay the very Polititians themselves affirm, that a man cannot arrive at that so excellent vertue so much endeavored by great men, of Nosce te ipsum by any other instrument better then by these.

There are certain Compasses also sold in the same Shop, not made of Silver, Brass, or steel, but of the purest interest of unspotted reputation, which is to be found in point of honour; and they are exceeding good to measure a mans own actions by: For it is known by experience, that Compasses made of the base materials of Capriciousness, and of sole Interest, prove not just to those who in all their affairs desire to draw para∣lel lines. These Compasses are excellently good for those who know how to use them exactly, to take the just latitude of those ditches which other men out of honour are forced to leap clean over, so to keep from falling into the midst, and from burying themselves shamefully in the mire of In∣discretion. Nor can Scapethrifts who have but the purse of a private man, yet will spend like a Prince, learn the requisite vertue of cutting their Coats according to their cloath, by any instrument better then by this. They do likewise sell Mathematical Instruments, used by Survey∣ors, which are very necessary perfectly to deliniate those with whom one hath to treat in great affairs, or to impart important secrets.

The same Shop vents likewise great store of certain Iron Instruments, not unlike such as are used by Surgeans and Tooth-drawers; and they serve to enlarge the jawes of unfortunate Courtiers, who being to make vertue of necessity, are oft-times forced to swallow down great Pompi∣ons, instead of little Mastick Pils.

They have likewise great store of Besoms, made of Circumspection, which the wariest Courtiers make provision of, diligently to clense the staires both morning and evening, from those dangerous beans scattered thereupon by such malignant people, who delighting more in spoyling o∣ther mens affairs, then in accommodating their own, practice nothing but how to break the neck of reputation of men of honour.

There you may likewise have (but at the weight of Gold) very fine Ink, which being well made use of upon paper, by the labour of learned Writers, serves to imbalm and perfume the dead bodies of vertuous men; whereas the bodies of the ignorant cast forth a horrible stench, and are soon turned to ashes: and by this Ink only are the names of learned men eternized in memory, when the like of the ignorant, perish as soon as their eyes are closed: A Balsom certainly of more then humane ver∣tue, since those who anoynt themselves therewith, live after death, and parting only with their body from the world, abide there eternally in the memory of their Writings.

These Polititians enrich themselves likewise much by an Oyle which they sell, which hath sundry times been experimented to be good for the strengthening of Courtiers stomacks, to the end, that without weaken∣ing the complexion of Patients, these unfortunate people may chearfully digest the bitter distastes which they are so often enforced to swallow down at Court.

There is likewise sold in little Glass Viols (of which Menante, who writes these things, had the good fortune to come by some very cheap) odoriferous humane sweat, very admirable to perfume those, who by the fragrancy of the Musk, and Civet of their honourable labours, desire to appear amongst the learned with pen in hand.

The same Shop vents much Pa•…•…te-royal, very good to sharpen the ap∣petite of certain obstinate Stoicks, to the end that they may greedily swallow down the loathsom things of this world; which, though they nau∣seate

others very much, and go absolutely against the stomacks of good men; yet some, that they may not draw upon them the displeasure of powerfull men, and so disorder their own affairs, are forced to seem very desirous of them, and to hunger after them.

There are moreover in this Shop many Boxes of perfumed Com∣feits, very good to sweeten the breath of such Councellers, Secretaries, and Senators, as are bound to suffer their secrets to putrifie in their bodies.

In a room apart, they sell Horse. Trammels, made of Iron of maturity, which though they be abhorred by some foolish people, as Instruments fit for Beasts, yet advized men have purchased them so much credit, as they are bought at dear rates by those forward and precipitate Wits, who strangely apprehending the juditious maturity of the weekly Carrier, de∣light in speedily dispatching their affairs by the Post.

But there is no Merchandize in this Ware-House which sels better, then certain Fans, not made of the Feathers of Ostriches or Peacocks, or any other better coloured Bird, but of Herbs and Flowres; and be∣cause Andrew Matthiolo, the Delfick Herbarist, found out amongst those Flowres and Herbs, the Infernal Wolfebane, the wary Vertuosi of Par∣nassus have clearly discovered, that those mysterious Fans serve not to coole ones self in the heat of Summer, but to drive those troublesome flies from ones nose, which some unadvised men indeavouring to chase a∣way violently with a Dagger, have shamefully cut their own noses.

The Second ADVERTISEMENT.

The usual Guard of Parnassus having taken a Poetaster, who had been banished Parnassus, upon pain of death, found a Paire of Cards in his Pocket; which when Apollo saw, he gave order that he should read the Game of Trump in the publick Schools.

TO the end that the ignorant sort of people, by their sottishness of soul, may not profane the vertuous Habitations of Parnassus, A∣pollo sent many years agoe for two Companies of Riming Poets from Sicily, who were very fortunate in their Meeter, and had their con∣ceits at their fingers ends, whose Office was to scoure the Country, and keep the fields free. These some eight daies agoe took a Poetaster priso∣ner, who was banished from Parnassus upon forfeiture of life if he should ever return thether; and who, though he were interdicted the use of Books, or exercise of Pen, yet he was seen every day, in despite of A∣pollo, and in Scorn of the Soveraign Muses, to defile paper with Verses, and even to pretend to the sublime name of Poet. The misdements of this fellow were much aggravated by a pair of Cards, which the Serge∣ants, whilst they were searching him, found in his pocket; which, as con∣ducing only to vice, are capitally condemned: They being therefore

forthwith brought to Apollo, he was strangely astonished at the bruitish∣ness of the invention found out by vitious men, to spend their time, and waste their reputation and means: but his Majestie did much more won∣der, when he understood that the foolishness of these men was arived at that height, that they called that play, which is done in so very great ear∣nest, and that they thought it a delight, sport, and pastime, to hazard that money which is purchased with so much labour, and which serves for so many things, as without it, Aristotle would be thought ignorant by the modern world, and Alexander the Great, a Plebeian. Apollo asked this man, what Game he used to play most at? Who answering, Trump; Apollo commanded him to play at it; which when he had done, Apollo pe∣netrating into the deep mysteries thereof, cryed out, That the Game of Trump, was the true Court-Philosophy; a Science necessary for all men to learn, who would not live blockishly. And appearing much displeased at the affront done this man, he first honoured him with the name of Ver∣tuoso; and then causing him to be set at liberty, he commanded the Beadles, that the next morning a particular Colledge should be opened, where, with the Sallary of 500 Crowns a year, for the general good, this rare man might read the most excellent Game of Trump; and command∣ed upon great penalty, that the Platonicks, Peripateticks, and all other the Moral Philosophers, and Vertuosi of Parnassus, should learn so requi∣site a Science; and that they might not forget it, he ordered them to stu∣dy that Game one hour every day; and though the learneder sort thought it very strange that it should be possible to gather any thing that was ad∣vantagious for the life of man, from a base Game, used only in Ale-houses; yet knowing that his Majesty did never command any thing which made not for the bettering of his Vertuosi, they so willingly obeyed him, as that School was much frequented. But when the Learned found out the deep Mysteries, the hidden secrets, and the admirable cunning of the excellent Game of Trump, they extolled his Majesties Judgement, even to the eighth heaven, celebrating and magnifying every where, that nei∣ther Philosophy, nor Poetry, nor Astrologie, nor any of the other most esteemed Sciences, but only the miraculous Game of Trump, did teach (and more particularly, such as had business in Court) the most impor∣tant secret, that every the least Trump, did take all the best Coat-Cards.

The Third ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo having notice how Henry the fourth, that Potent King of France, was most wickedly Assassinated, ordered for the indempnity of his beloved French, that powerfull Succour should be sent from Arcadia into France.

ON the two and twentieth of this present Moneth, late at night; Apollo heard by an express Post, sent with all speed from the Uni∣versity

of Paris, the sad news of the murder committed upon the glori∣ous King of France, Henry the fourth; which news did so afflict his Ma∣jestie, as in testimony of his inward grief, he presently vailed his face with a thick dark cloud, from which for three whole daies he showred down great store of tears: And all the Letterati, both Spaniards, English, Flemmish, Germans, and Italians, did with abundance of tears, bewaile the unfortunate mischance of so great a King. It must not be here forgot that Apollo amidst his deepest sighes, was heard to break forth into these words, That the world was come to the poynt of being ready to return to its first Principles, since the wicked perfidiousness of some was grown to that height of impiety, as they would expose their lives to the Hangmans hands, rather to purchase bad, than good Fame.

Two daies after the Posts arival, solemn Obsequies were ordered for so mighty a Monarch; so as not only all Parnassus was covered with blacks, but every of the Letterati put on his long mourning Weede. And to shew to all the sacred Colledge of the Vertuosi, that the Father of Lear∣ning was departed this world, the Mecenas of the Vertuosi, and the ve∣ry Muses themselves, did with dishevel'd hair, assist at the Obsequies in widowy apparel: A piece of sorrow not seen in Parnassus since the death of Octavianus Augustus. The Learned of all the Colledges, and several Sects of Philosophers, made above two hundred mournfull Orations; and yet of all the vertues of so great a King, his more then humane Va∣lor was only praised; and tis very true, that by reason of the many sighs of the Vertuosi, the Orators were scarce heard: So as Apollo esteeming it a piece of cruelty to rub the sore of so bitter a wound by continual re∣membrance, as was done by Scollership, throughout the whole world, he commanded that the Obsequies of so magnanimous a King, should be no farther proceeded in, since such, and so great was the loss, as, lest the world might live in perpetual affliction, men should strive soon to forget it: and so much the rather, for that the Heroick Vertues of this invincible King, were arived at such a height of Eminency, as they stood no more in need of being praised by men. And for that the noble Kingdom of France may vie and weigh even with Greece it self in point of Learning (as is clear∣ly testified by the Delfick Library, so fully fraught with infinite Labours of the French Vertuosi) for the Indempnity of that florishing Kingdom, so dear unto his Majesty. And for the better safety of his beloved French, Apollo commanded that 60000 Pack-Horses should immediately be sent from Arcadia into France: Some of the Vertuosi wondred much at this his Majesties resolution, and told him, that France, which was furnished with so numerous and so noble a Cavalry, as that she did not only nor know nor fear danger, but did so farr despise it, as that she went in quest thereof even by night, with the Lanthorn of her undaunted heart, that having with her invincible Sword won so famous a Kingdom, she would be so well able to maintain her self in this her present misfortune, as not to stand in need of Arcadian Pack-Horses.

To this Apollo answered. That his beloved French in this their Mo∣dern calamity, and for the better security of their flourishing Kingdom, needed no armed Cavalry; but that since the peace and quiet of the King∣dom did chiefly depend upon the unity of their Natives, that this peace and unity could not be better come by, by any other means, then by the perpetual remembrance of the miserable wasting of their Country, cruel

sacking of their Cities, of the woful loss they had undergon, not onely of means, but of reputation in their last 40 years civil wars; and that nothing was so good to put them still in mind of these so sad afflictions, as these Pack-horses, which by instinct of nature, did detest passing a second time by the same way, wherin formerly they had run hazard of breakng their necks.

The Fourth ADVERTISEMENT.

Whilst Michel Angelo Buonaroti was coppying forth the ilfavoured fore-front of Anneus Seneca's House, he was asked by Pierius Valeriano, wherefore he did so? And Buonaroti gives him this reason,

ALthough the habitation of Anneus Seneca, for pleasantness of situa∣tion, beautiful Gardens, abundance of fresh and clear waters, mul∣titude of Lodgings, good both for Summer and Winter, and for all other exquisite delights which may be imagined for humane accommodation, may compare in all points to Neros famous house of Gold, yet the fore∣front thereof is like the rotten rack of a Carriers Stable: Yet did the famous Michel Angelo Buonaroti draw out the designe thereof the o∣ther day; which when Pierius Valeriano, as he was passing by, saw, he wondred very much, that so famous an Architecter should mispend his time in drawing so loathsome a thing; which made him ask Buonaroti, what singular thing he could see in that Frontispiece, which deserved the Pensil of so famous a man as himself? To which, as the same Pieri∣us told me, he answered in these words; Sir, The skilful do so clear∣ly discern in this Front which appears to you so ugly, all the rules of Do∣rick, Tomick, Corinthian Architecture, and of Composts which are, and yet appear not, as by the opinion of Vitruvius himself, it ought to be ad∣ded as the eight, to the seven Wonders of the world. My most ver∣tuous Iohnghirollimo Aquaviva, Duke of Atri, commanded me to draw this copy which you see, and told me, he intends to send it to Naples, to some of the Barons there, who are his good friends, and who being besotted with the vanity of seeming to be more then what they are, have very much need ocularly to discover in the workmanship of this fore-front, how wise men govern their affairs, who are, and doe not ap∣pear.

The fifth ADVERTISEMENT.

The Contention which arose between many learned men, touch∣ing which is the best Political law, which the most praise∣worthy Order in the flourishing Commonwealth of Venice, is decided, and fully ended by the very Venetian liberty, which with the joint agreement of all the learned men, was chosen Umpire.

THe gallant Dispute which arose some six dayes ago between some Letterati of the State, deserves to be written; who whilst they were discoursing of the famous Order, gallant Laws, and other rare Institutions, which maintain the Illustrious Republick of Venice in so great luster, there arose variety of Opinions between them which deserved the greatest commendation: and for that every one of these Vertuosie defended their own Opinion as the best; to the end that so great a difference might be qui∣etly decided, they joyned unanimously in this resolution; that they would all of them personally appear before the most Illustrious Venetian Liber∣ty, to whom they would first make known their several sences, and would afterwards acquiesce in her judgement. This was then made known to that Illustrious Lady, who was gratiosluy pleased to give those Vertuosi what satisfaction they desired.

Peter Crenitus spoke first, and said: That since it was agreed upon by all men, that all sublunary things, are first born, grow, and increase after∣wards, and in process of time decay; it seemed very strange to him, that onely the Commonwealth of Venice, was seen still to flourish the more, the elder it grew; and that the Laws, Orders, and wholesome Institutions, which after a relaxation, are at last quite forgotten in other Principallities, were known to increase in vigour, and exactness, and to be more diligent∣ly, and readily observed only in Venice: which was the cause that in the Venetian Commonwealth those reformations of Government, those re∣assumings of State were never seen, which with infinite tumults the Ro∣man and Florentine Commonwealths had so often used: it being the pe∣culiar vertue of the Venetian Senate, to perpetuate her self in her flou∣rishing liberty, by the punctual observance of her ancient laws; and that those defects not being seen in Venice, which as it appears other Poten∣tates know not how to shun; and that all diligence though never so ex∣quisite, doth soon terminate in that supine negligence, which bereaves all Principalities both of liberty and life, he thought he might assuredly af∣firm that thorough such wisdome, the Republick of Venice should last as long as the world did.

Next spake Angelo Politiano, saying; That he admired the wise Ve∣netian Commonwealth, for what Peter Crinito had related, and for a thousand other most excellent orders: but that he thought it to be a very rare thing, that an Aristocratical Commonwealth, the true foundation whereof was held by the most understanding Writers upon Common∣wealths,

to consist in the parity of means amongst the Nobility; could be so long maintained in so much peace and greatness, in that disproportio∣nable inequality of riches which was apparently seen in the Venetian No∣bility; in which though there were the two so hazardous extreams of immense wealth, and great poverty, yet that defect did not appear in Ve∣nice, which humane laws seem not able to inhibit, that the rich should trample upon the poor, who though they did greatly envy the fortune of the wealthy, yet either by reason of the immense charity which reigns in all the Venetian Nobility towards the publick liberty, or that the very great riches of those that possessed them were not made use of to the inju∣ry of inferiours; the poor as well as the wealthy did live peacefully and modestly together in that happy Country.

After Politiano spoke Pierio Valeriano, and said, that the onely mira∣cle which was to be wondred at in the Venetian Commonwealth, was the rare and miraculous situation of her Metrapolitan City, from which he thought that the Venetians, ought immediately to acknowledge the great benefit of their glorious liberty, as that which hath still preserved them from the forces of many forraign Princes, who have endeavoured to put upon them the chain of servitude.

Then said Iulius Scalager, that the stupendiousness of the Venetian liberty, which fild the whole world with wonder, was, that the very Nobili∣ty which sate at the Healm, did not only patiently pay the ancient grievous taxes of the publick Treasury, but with incredible readiness did oft times impose new ones upon themselves, which were afterwards rigorous∣ly exacted by the receivers: and that it had been often seen that the No∣ble Venetians, upon any urgent occasion of the Commonwealth, rather then to lay any new impositions upon the people, would open their own Coffers; and did this in so ample a manner, and with so strange ala∣crity for the publick liberty, as this action deserved the preheminence o∣ver all the miracles which were observed to be in the fortunate Venetian freedome; as that which made it appear clearly to the whole world, that they were fully indued with that excellent quality which doth eternise Republicks, of having their Nobility so hugely in love with living free, as they did chearfully prefer the publick interest before their own pro∣fit.

Next said Bernardo Tasso, that he had lived long in Venice, where he found nothing to be more wondred at, then to see those very noble Ve∣netians, who did so much delight in pleasures, pastimes and Idleness, go∣vern the publick affairs with such gallantry, as they seemed to others to be men of exemplary lives, and Lords born to perpetual labour.

When Tasso had done, Francisco Berny according to his wonted plea∣santness, which did much delight the Venetian liberty, said; That the rarest and most admirable thing, that great wits were to admire in the State of Venice, was that all the Channels of that City being full of Gud∣gins, the Venetian Senators did notwithstanding take so few of them, as they were deservedly held by all Nations to be the salt of the earth.

Then Sabilico followed, and said, that whilst he writ the Venetian Histo∣ry, having diligently observed the excellent institutions of that glorious liberty, he found nothing more to wonder at therein, then that the pub∣lick Treasury should be so faithfully managed, even by needy Senators; as to have their hands greased with one penny of St. Marks, was held

by the Nobility not onely to be a capital excess, but great infamy.

Iaccopo Sanazzarro said then, that it appeared strange to him in the Venetian Commonwealth, that there being many of the Nobility but of mean fortunes, they did notwithstanding with incredible patience tolerate their private miseries, not so much as in a thought, coveting the mass of publick wealth, by those seditious Frumentary, and Agrarian Laws, with which the famous Commonwealth of Rome was so much vexed by her Citizens; and that it was a thing praise worthy, and to be wondred at, to see that in Venice, the poor Nobleman strove only through vertue and worth to comfort himself amidst his miseries; studdying to make him∣self worthy to be imployed by his Country in advantagious imployments; which made that vertue, worth and honesty, served instead of a rich Patri∣mony to the poor Noble Venetian.

Iovanni Ioviano Pontano added, that all that had been said was very miraculous; but that the greatest thing which he had alwaies observed in the Venetian Liberty was, that the immense wealth, which some of the Nobility possessed, did not puff them up with pride and vain glory, as ma∣ny were seen to be in other Commonwealths; that therefore it was a rare custome in Venice, that such Senatours who were as rich as Princes, knew how to live at home in their own houses like private Citizens, and did not differ at all in the Piazza's from the poorest men. And that the Venetians onely know how to separate the evils of ambition and pride, and the be∣ing attended by multitudes of the meaner sort of Citizens, from great riches, which the famous Roman liberty either could not, or would not prohibit in Caesar, in Pompey, and in many other wealthy Senators.

When Pontano had ended his discourse, the Commendador Hannibal Caro said, that above all other stupendious things in the Commonwealth of Venice, he had alwayes much admired to see the mighty Prince of so famous a liberty, observed with so much obsequiousness, reverence, King∣like Majesty, and Citizen Authority; and that the coherence of so great ve∣neration, with limited Authority, the long extent of the Prince his Em∣pire, with modesty, was a temper not known to the wisdome of the anci∣ent Legislators of former Republicks, and which was happily practised onely by the Venetian Senate.

Bartolomeo Cavalcanti replyed next, that as Pontano had observed it for a great rarity in the Venetian Commonwealth, that store of wealth did not make rich Senators wise, so was it a much greater portent to see, that the orders of that excelse liberty, the sacred laws of that eternal Com∣monwealth were such, as even the chiefest Places, did not fasten any thing of ambition or pride to them who did exercise them with great authority; a particularity the more worthy of observation; for that the like was never seen in whatsoever other Principallity, or well constituted Common∣wealth, as being a thing which did directly oppugne nature. And that when he was in Venice, he did not admire the rich Treasure of St. Mark, the Arsenal, the grand Cannale, with the stately Palaces of the Cornari, Grimani, Foscari, and other magnificent buildings, built at vast expence in that miraculous City, wonders onely obvious to the eye of ordinary men; but that it appeared marvelous to him to see Signior Sebastiano Vinieri, lately General of so powerful a Fleet, so famous for the glorious Naval Victory which he obtained against the Turks, to return a private man to Venice, and to walk the Piazza with that decent Modesty, as he ap∣peared

not to differ in any thing from those Senators who never stird from the City; and that it was a singular thing, that in the Venetian Common∣wealth, the Nobles therof could behave themselves so modestly and civilly at home, who when they were imployed abroad in important Magistracy, and great commands, could with splendid and Princely liberality make themselves known to the world, not to be barely Citizens of a well re∣gulated Republick, but men born to command those who were descended from Royal bloud; and that therefore he believed that there was no Na∣tion in the world that knew better how to obey modestly, and command gallantly, then the Venetian Nobility: A thing so true, that whereas in other states, they were forced for the honour of their publick Magi∣strates to put their Senators in mind with what magnificency of spirit they should make good the Majesty of their publick imployments; the Venetian Senate had several times been necessitated to make severe Laws to inhibit those who did exercise any authority or jurisdiction out of the City, the using of any splendid Magnificency.

Thus said Cavalcanti, when Flavio Biondo added; That when he was in Venice, he was much amazed to see, that in a meer Aristocrasie, the Ci∣tizens and Plebeains lived with such satisfaction in that happy Country, as that for many months that he tarried there, he could never discern whe∣ther the publick Venetian Liberty was better beloved, and held dearer by the Nobility which commanded, or by the bare common sort of Ci∣tizens who obeyed.

Then followed Paulus Iovius, who said, that not only to himself, but to many great Princes, with whom he had discoursed at large of the mira∣culous Government of the State of Venice, it seemed very strange that the Senat of that Commonwealth studied nothing more then peace, and yet with great vigilancy and asseduity did perpetually prepare for Warr; and that Armed Peace was only seen in the flourishing Venetian State.

Iovius was followed by Iohn Bocatchio, who said, that the true Salt which preserved the Venetian Liberty from the putrifaction and corrup∣tion of all abuse, was that Supreme Queen of all Laws, that excellent Institution, so inviolably observed by her, that neither the greatness of Parentage, abundance of wealth, nor the merits of fore-Fathers were considered in the preferment of Senators to high places, but the sole worth of him who pretended to the Magistracy, was weighed: whence it was that there was many vitious and ignorant Gentlemen of Venice, but only the most vertuous and well-deserving commanded, and governed with that wisdom which was known to all the world.

But Leonardo Aretine, after having much commended Bocatchios o∣pinion, added, that the excellent custom of the State of Venice, in not conferring places upon her Nobility by skips and leaps, but by degrees and gradation, was that sound Basis whereon the greatness and eternity of such Liberty was grounded; and that it was an excellent rule, that what∣soever Noble man would arive at the Supreme Dignities, he must even from his youth begin at the meanest Magistracies: A wholsom custom which produceth the important effect of maintaining that true and essen∣tial equality amongst the Nobles of an Aristocracy, which makes Liber∣ty long-liv'd: For with those that understand State Affairs, the parity of wealth is not that which equals Senators in a Commonwealth; but the making all the Nobles march on towards the grandeur of the highest Dig∣nities,

beginning at the meanest Imployments. A Law well worthy the Venetian Wisdom; which because the ancient Roman Commonwealth did want, her Liberty was but short-liv'd, and yet was still molested with dangerous infirmities, and tumultuous insurrections. For the base abuse of giving the Consulship of a Free Country, and the chief places in the Army, to Pompey and Cesar, and other rich Subjects in the prime of their youth, was no better then to deal with them rather like men born of Roy∣al bloud, like Lords and Masters of their Countries Liberty, then like Senators of a well regulated Republick. For since it is a certain truth, that that is a well ordered Commonwealth, where the hopes of some yet higher dignity remains, even to the worthyest Senators, and men of great merit, which may serve for sharp spurs to such as are ambitious of glory, to make them make haste in the streight path of Vertue, that they may the sooner arive at the Gole of the desired Magistracy; what greater preferment remained to be hoped for in their age, by Cesar and Pompey, who in their youth obtained from the Commonwealth of Rome, not with∣out much imprudency, the highest honours, and supremest dignities, then that absolute Tyrannical Power, to which Cesar openly, and Pompey more cunningly did afterwards aspire? A great mis-government, and from which the famous Roman Liberty might presage her death.

Though the most glorious Venetian Liberty gave great signes that she was very well pleased with Aratines opinion, she notwithstanding com∣manded the remainder of the Vertuosi, to speak theirs. Then thus be∣gan Benedetto Varchi; My Republick of Florence, which never had the luck to work peace and union between her noble Families, and that mutu∣al love which doth perpetuate the liberty of Commonwealths, was at last compelled to fall into servitude. Wherefore this appears to me to be the rarest of humane Miracles, that a noble Venetian, though never so highly offended by the murder of his children, and in his own person, being more violently wrought upon by his fervent charity towards the freedom of his Country, then frighted by the rigor of Magistrates, can with a free soul put on the hard resolution of forgiving his enemy (at that very instant) the injury which he hath received. Certainly a most ad∣mirable resolution, and so much the more worthy of wonder, as that it is evidently seen, that the noble Venetian knows how to trust the Senat wil∣lingly with the revenge of any injury he can receive, when sensual men are very loath to remit the like into the hands of God, from whom we re∣ceive all that we have of good.

Thus said Varchi, when Lodovico Dolci added, That if that were true, which is confessed by all men, that the rarest and most considerable ver∣tue in a Prince, was to be able with ease, and without any danger, to dis∣arm his Captain General, and to receive perfect obedience from him, e∣ven then when he knew he was sent for back by an incensed Prince, and one who did much suspect his Loyalty; his opinion was, that of all other things which the rest had mentioned of rare in the State of Venice, this was to be preferred, That she did not only with great ease, disarm her Captain Generals at Sea; but that when her chiefest Mini∣sters knew that the Senat was highly displeased with them, and that there∣fore they were sure to be severely punished: though they were absent well arm'd, and in great command, if it should so happen that they should be sent for by the State, they would with great readiness obey, and lay∣ing

down their Arms, and Authority of Chief Magistrates, hasten to Ve∣nice to receive Judgement from their friends and kin•…•…ed, though it might cost them their lives. The examples whereof had been so often seen in Venice in his time, as it had filled the whole world with wonder. That therefore he thought he might justly say he should be much injured, if the so great Authority of the State of Venice, the so great submission, obe∣dience, and unheard of charity of the Venetian Nobility to the Publick Liberty, were not preferred before all those admirable Laws, and excel∣lent Institutions, which others had spoken of before him.

The most S•…•…ene Venetian Liberty, which without replying any one word to these Vertuosi, had heard all these her so many lawdable Cu∣stoms, and her so many miraculous Prerogatives, said to Lodovico •…•…olci, that what he had said, was very considerable; but that it was a benefit which the Ottaman Emperors likewise enjoyed, but that she acknowledged all her Grandesta from one only Prerogative, which she was exactly Mistress of, and wherein she knew she did excell all Principalities, and all Com∣monwealths, as well past as present; which had not yet been touched upon by any of those Vertuosi.

Then said Dionigi Antonigi, That the greatest wonder, and which ought to be praised even to the skies, was, To see that the dreadful Tri∣bunal of the Councel of Ten, and the Supreme Magistracy of the State-Inquisitors, could with three Balleting Balls, easily bury alive any Cesar or Pompey, which began to discover himself in that well-governed State.

Attonigi had no sooner spoke his opinion, but Ierolimo Mercuriali added, That whilst he exercised his charge of reading in the so famous Schools of Physick in Padua, it happened that some Plebeians in Venice, being gon according to their custom, to the Sea-side to sollace themselves with some young Courtisans which they had carried along with them, they were so beaten by some Noble Venetians, as the former betaking themselves unto their swords, slew one of the others, and handled the rest but ill. For which fault, being sent for by the Judges, those Plebeians, although they saw all the Judges in the power of the offended Nobility, yet they hoped so much in the uprightness of the Senat, and in the exact Justice of the Tribunals for offences, as they stuck not to make their ap∣pearance, and go to Prison: Nor were they deceived in their opinion; for the Judges finding by the defence which they made, how they had been molested by those Noble Venetians, they were as innocent, set at liberty, to the eternal glory of the uncorrupt Venetian Justice. And that it was a prodigie not formerly seen, and which could not be believed, but by those that practised it, that the Noble man, though of powerfull Parentage, famous for his riches, and of great Authority through the ho∣nours he had received in the Commonwealth, the Citizen proved the har∣der adversary in pleading, than the Noble man. And that if the Politick Precept written by great men, was true, That Aristocrasies never died when the young Nobility used Modesty, and the Tribunals maintained e∣qual Justice, he could not see when the most happy Venetian Liberty, which was so severe in punishing the licentiousness of her Nobles, and so exquisitly just in her Tribunals, should ever have an end.

Learned Ermolao Barbaro would be the last that spake, who said; That Tyranny being then introduced in free Countries, when the most impor∣tant secrets of Commonwealths was communicated but to a few Senators,

the excellent Venetian Liberty, to shun splitting upon so dangerous a Rock, communicated secrets, and had the most important business of her State discust in the Supreme Magistracy of the Pregadi: Wherein were above 250 Senators, and that it seemed very strange to him, that the Commonwealth of Venice could find that secrecy in so great a number of Senators, which Princes did often in vain endeavor with such diligence, and through such liberal gifts, in one sole Secretary, and a couple of Coun∣cellers.

Then did the most excellent Lady of the Venetian Liberty rest her hand upon Ermolao Barbaro's shoulder, and said unto him; You have found out that pretious Jewel, which I so much glory in, and for which I deserve to be envied by all the world; for secrecy is no less necessary for the well governing of States, then good councel.

The Sixth ADVERTISEMENT:

A Learned Laconick is severely punished by the Laconick Senat, for not having used requisite brevity in his dis∣course.

THat unluckie Laconick Letterato, who exprest that in three words, which was judged by the Laconick Senat, might have been said in two, and which was reputed a more then Capital fault, by those Laco∣nicks who are more penurious of words, then courteous men are of pence; after eight moneths long and teadious imprisonment, received his sentence five daies agoe; which was, That he should read only once over the Warr of Pisa, written by Guicchardino; the Laconick read over the first leaf with much agony; but so horribly teadious did that rabble of discourse appear to him, as the unfortunate wretch threw himself down before his Judges feet, who had sentenced him, and earnestly entreated them that they would condemn him to row in the Gallies during life, that they would immure him between two Walls, and that for mercies sake they would flea him alive; for to read those endless discourses, those so teadious Councels, those empty Harangues made at the taking in of a Pigeon-house, was a punishment which surpast all the bitter pains of child∣birth, and all the most cruel deaths that ever the pittiless Perillus could think upon, at the instance of the most cruel Tyrants.

The Seventh ADVERTISEMENT.

The Censors of Learning do severely punish one of their As∣sociates, who in his more mature years, seemed to be pleas∣ed with Italian Poetry.

A Vertuoso was taken yesterday by the Marshals belonging to the Court of the Censors of Learning, who was found with his specta∣cles on his nose, reading some Italian Poetry; and this morning early, by order from Apollo, he received three sound lashes with a cord first, and was afterward told, that being, as he was, of the age of 55 years, he should learn to apply himself to graver studies, and leave the reading of those Madrigals, Songs, and Sonnets, to be idlely spent by those spruce Young∣sters, in whom those things were tolerated, which were severely punished in old men.

The Eighth. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apuleius his Golden Ass, and Plantus his Assinaria, complain to Apollo of their Masters great severity, and receive no very pleasing answer.

THe eight of this present moneth, Apuleius his glorious Golden Asse, and the famous Assinaria of Plantus, appear'd before Apollos Majesty; to whom in the name of all sorts of Pack-Horses, they joyntly said, That if those creatures deserved to be better treated, which were of little charge, and much use, they had more reason to complain of their Masters, than any other beasts; for though by their perpetual labour, they bore the greatest weight in their Masters house, both by day and night; and for their food were contented with a little course grass and water, and made it a Holy day when they got but a little bran; yet they were so indiscreetly dealt withall through their Masters ingratitude and cruelty, as that misera∣ble beasts that they were, they became the spectacle of all brutish usage; and that since they could not mollifie their Masters cruelty by humble prostrating of their service, they did in all submission beseech his Majestie, to the end that some bounds, though not utter period, might be put to their Ass like sufferings, he would vouchsafe to command their Masters to use more gratitude, atleast more humanity to so meritorious beasts.

To which Apollo answered, That the severity used by Masters to their Pack-Horses, for which they so much complained, arose not from their Masters cruelty, since there was none that hated the profit of his own Pa∣trimony; but that it was occasioned through the great sloathfulness, and

monstrous dulness of the Pack-Horses: For which their Masters were forced by store of bastenadoes to egg them on to do that which they had not spirit enough to do by any vivacity of their own wit: And that they who would judge aright of the cruelties used to any whosoever, must not regard so much his genius, who useth severity, as the parties condition who complains of ill usage.

The Ninth ADVERTISEMENT.

A Sommary of what the Learned in Sciences have sowed and reaped.

THe Harvest is already over, and the whole encrease of this year is brought by the Possessers thereof into their Grainaries; which though it hath been various, according to the nature of the grounds, and condition of seed, which hath been thereupon sown; yet the Harvest may be said in general, to be penurious. Since by the publick calamity of mankind, peoples wits are become steril and barren, as well as is the aire and earth. Those who have sowed the study of the Law, have usually had a great encrease, and many are much enriched thereby, particularly those who have cultivated the fields in the Common Pleas; their Harvest is so plentifull, as it yields fifty for one. Greater things have been seen in the fruitfull fields of the Courts at Rome, where particularly Silvestro Aldobrandini, and Markantonio Borghese, two Roman Advocates, each of whose sons were Popes, having sowed the study of the Law with much cost, and infinite labour, and watered it with their sweat, have filled their Granaries with rich treasure, and their sons who have practised the same Husbandry, have thereby purchased Principalities for their Families, and Divine Dignities for themselves.

Those who have sowed the study of Phisick, have likewise had a good harvest; but not to be compared with that of the Law; for it gives on∣ly twelve for one. The Plowers of Poetry have seen their fields make a beautifull shew in the Spring of their age, and had great reason to expect a rich harvest; but when in the beginning of Iuly, the season of earing began, they saw their sweat and labours dissolve all into leaves and flowres; so as having laboured in vain, the Poets find themselves pil'd and pol'd, not having meat to eat: Wherefore this sort of Husbandry, as being more for appearance then profit, is almost given over: But little Greek hath been sown, there being in these times but small vent thereof; which may peradventure be occasioned because the bread which is made of such grain, although it hath formerly been the daily food of a numerous Na∣tion, it seems notwithstanding that it proves hard of digestion to the squeasie stomacks of modern weak-wits. Hence it is that some of the more Learned sort have only sowed so much thereof in their Gardens as will serve for their houshold expence, and rather not to appear igno∣rant, than to seem learned; and to maintain Seed, but not to make Mer∣chandize

thereof. The Seed of Hebrew is almost quite lost; for it be∣ing no longer in use, there are but very few that sow any; and certainly it redounds much to the general shame of all men, that this tongue is not ambitiously aspired unto, since God by his speaking in that Language, hath given it so great reputation.

The Husbandmen of Philosophy have even lost their seed; and there∣fore the world is about to give over such Merchandize, as that which re∣quireth the fruitfull fields of subtile wits, and infinite study to make it grow and come to maturity; and since it yields but little fruit, and but very few buyers of that little, to intend it, is to loose the Principal. They who have sowed good turns (contrary to the opinion of many) have had a most plentifull harvest: and certainly such seed is as pretious as wonder∣full: For, of many bushels-full thereof, if one onely grain spring up and prosper, it yields so abundant an encrease to the Husbandman, as it makes him rich. It is true, that only magnanimous minds, and men of great liberality, attend the most noble Husbandry of sowing Benefits; for the costive avaricious men, whose greediness is such, as they would reap before they sow, dare not venture to throw that seed upon the ground, which they see is for the most part lost. Those who have sown threats and injurious words, have reaped great store of actual offences; the sowers of curses, reap great store of maledictions. Those likewise who have sown tribulation, have reaped so plentifull a harvest of Thorns, as they have filled their Granaries therewithall, even up to the top, for their own use, and from those that shall descend from them, even to the sixtieth ge∣neration.

The Tenth ADVERTISEMENT.

Menante comes into the Politians Ware-House, and by the Merchandizes which the Learned buy there, he studies how to know the quality of their Wits.

TO make an exact judgement of every mans genius, it is very behoof∣full to frequent those places where vertuous exercises are used, and those Shops wherein vitious things are sold, and to observe them that fre∣quent them. For Libraries serve as well to make known the lovers of Learning, as living riotously denotes out Gamsters, or Cooks Shops Glut∣tons; nor is there a better way to discover vain men, then to frequent Barbers shops often, and to observe who those Ganemedes are, who those Narcissi, who having the patience to sit two hours under the Barbers hands, will be trim'd with such exquisite diligence, as they spend more time in turning up their beard, then a faire Lady doth in dressing her head: they think that every hair which stands out of order, will make them ap∣pear so many fowle fiends when they are in company. Menante there∣fore, who is very well acquainted with this piece of skill, entertains him∣self often in the aforesaid Ware-House opened in Parnassus, by the Col∣ledg

of Polititians, the which he doth, that he may come to know the genius of many of this Court, by the qualities of Ware which they buy there, that he may afterwards give a more exact account thereof to his friends and acquaintance.

Three daies since Iohn Baptista Sanga, a famous Secretary in the Court of Rome, happened into this the Polititians Shop, who asked one of the young men if they had any Cole to sell, or no? He was answered, yes: and straightway some Cole was shewed him; which when the Courtier saw, he agreed upon the price, and bought forty load thereof. Menan∣te wondred to see the Courtier buy so great a quantity of Cole, which he knew was very disproportionable for him, who kept but one servant; and being very well acquainted with this Sanga, he with great confidence asked him, why, having none but himself and servant in the house, he made so great provision of Cole? To the which Sanga freely answered, that he burnt no wood in his Kitchin. Menante then asked him whether he did it for that he found it cheaper to burn Cole? To the which Sanga freely answered; That living in the Court, he was forced to measure his affairs by the surplusage of his reputation, not by sparing money; and that he hated wood-fires because they made a great smoak, and but little live coles; and that the burning of cole was very good for those that did not love their porredg should smell of smoke; and that he did not desire that the quality of his victuals should be judged of by those hounds which are only good at smelling out what men do by the smoke of his Kitchin-Chimney, but by the copious adorning of his Table.

Next to Sanga, Epictetus entred the Shop, a Philosopher, who for the excellency of his soul, is of high esteem in Parnassus; and therefore very well known, admired, and observed by Menante. This man desired the Foremen of the Shop that they would shew him all the sorts of Furs, or fur'd Garments that they had; and immediately they brought unto him many Minerver skins, Sables, and other very pretious Furs; which not∣withstanding this Philosopher liked not; and therefore told a very spruce Polititian who looked to the venting of Wares, that the skins they shew∣ed were too glorious, and therefore not for his purpose; but that he de∣sired some such Furr as they wore, who would appear to be good men. When the Polititian knew what Epictetus would be at, he led him into a Room apart from the Ware-house, from whence he came out not long after, clad in a Lizards skin, lined with Lambskins. And Epictetus having put the Lizards skin inward and the Lambskin outward, Menante ran af∣ter him, and told him he had put his Garment on the wrong side outwards. But he was much amazed, when that wise Philosopher, after having smil∣ed a little at him, answered, It may be my Menante, that you know how to put on Spanish Buskins, but not how to wear these skins: This Robe is worne as you see, the Lizards skin must be worn inward; I should ne∣ver attain the end of my intents, if any one hair thereof appear with∣out.

Menante then returned into the Shop, where he found a great Prince, who desired to be shewn some Ramaivoli da Ministrare: And because they shewed only four, he desired them to bring all they had in the shop; which was forthwith done. The Prince drew then from out his bosom a lift of all his servants names, which were in all 320. and first did exactly examin the condition of every several Courtier, and according to their deserts,

bought for every one of them a particular Ramaivoli; very great ones were chosen for those of great deserts, and much lesser for the rest; and Menante observed it for a great rarity, that the Ramaivoli of some ancient Courtiers, and old servants, who despising the Prince his service had be∣haved themselves negligently in their several places, were very little. Certainly a singular piece of justice, to measure a Courtiers merits more by the assiduety of his service, then by the length of time which he hath been at Court. Menante, who wondred much at the bestowing of so many Ramaivoli, told that Prince, to whom he ought particular service, that in the Courts of other great Princes, he had observed that Cooks made use of one only; wherewith, not with many scruples, but at their own discretion, they did dish up their porredg. Then said the Prince un∣to Menante, Friend, I my self have observed that way of proceeding which you speak of, till now; but with very bad consequence: For having made use of very unequal dishes in serving out porredg to my Courtiers, and giving it out to them only as I liked, I have unwisely kindled in them a fire of such jealousie, rancor, and hatred, as they mist but a little of utter∣ly undoing me and my State: A fault which hath made me see clearly, that a Prince who will have faithfull servants, and carefull Officers, must resolve to be just in his ministring unto them: For Courtiers greedily longing to taste of the porredg of their Princes favour, when they see their fellows porrenger run over with fat, and their own empty and lean, they turn the love which they ought to bear unto their Master, into hatred, their observance into disrespect, their service into disservice; and grow the more incenst against their Lords, for that they impute the so unequal dishing up of their porredg, more to want of love, ingratitude, and par∣tiality, then to inconsiderateness. And in such like injustice, they com∣plain more of the scarcity of their Masters good graces, then of their own small pittance. And to pretend that a Courtier, whose leggs his Prince shall cut off with the sword of disgraces, should speedily run to do him ser∣vice, is as great a piece of folly, as is theirs who intending to make their horse run the faster, hold in his bridle.

This Prince was no sooner gone out of the shop, but another man en∣tred, who desired that he might see some Clokes which would hang to the ground, for he was to buy such a one. Forthwith divers were brought unto him, which he could not dislike, neither for colour nor cloath; only they were all of them too short. This man was of somewhat a low stature; and that those Clokes should prove too short for him, which were long enough to reach to the heels of the talest size of men, seemed strange to Menante. Wherefore coming up to this stranger, he asked him who he was, and of what profession? To which the other freely an∣swered, that he was a Sicilian; and that having built and finished two Gallies at his own charge, he meant to put to Sea with them, and gain by Freebooting; but because he knew that trade was very hatefull to the world, and but of small reputation to him that used it, he would provide himself of a long Cloke, that he might cover his intention, and the Inte∣rest which moved him to take up that occupation; and that his pretence might be thought to be, that he had taken it up only to fight against the ignorant, and such as hated Learning. When Menante had heard this, he boldly said to the Sicilian, that he did but lose his labour, for that all the Gloath made in England, was not sufficient to make such long Clokes

for Pyrats, but that two handfuls and a half of Thieves Leggs would still be seen.

Soon after a Vertuosi came into the Shop, who desired to see some yard wands, whereof many were presently shewed him; one of which he seemed to like; and as he was about to pay for it, his servant told him that he needed not to be at that expence, for he had a very just yard at home. To which his Master answered, that the yard which he had at home, was just enough for himself; but that in measuring others, he clearly saw that it was needfull to use forreign yards; for having had some occasion of measuring the stomack of forreiners with the yard wand of simplicity, and of the candor of his own soul, he found he was much mistaken.

Afterwards Menante saw Lorenzo Gambara, a famous Briscian Poet, en∣ter the Shop, who seeing a beautifull Indian Parret sitting upon a bench, seemed so delighted to hear her speak, as he asked her price; and was told that it would be 150 Crowns. Gambara, who if he could have made his bargen well, might have had the Parret much cheaper, said he did not dislike the price; but the mischief was, he had nat so much rea∣dy money; wherefore instead of ready money, he would give them the Bed he lay on, the Curtains, and other Furniture of his House, to be pri∣zed by two indifferent men. And the bargain being soon accepted of by those of the Shop, Gambara took the Parret to carry her home. Which when Menante saw, he was much scandalized at the Poets so rash resolution, having till then, taken him for a man of good understan∣ding; and therefore pitying his simplicity, he asked him why he, who by the clothes he wore, seemed not to have money to cast away, should out of an humor of having a Parret, not only foolishly bereave himself of his houshold-stuff, but even of his very bed, the only repose for bodily labour, and the labour of the mind. To which he answered, Know my good friend, that to purchase so pretious a Jewel as this Parret, I would not on∣ly deprive my self of all my worldly wealth, but I would sell my self to my skin, and become a slave in the Gallies, rather then miss her. I am a Lombard born, given to the usual defect of those of my Nation, of having a free tongue, and a clear heart; Noble vertues in former times, but now great faults, and which have caused much harm in Courts, and elsewhere, which I hope to amend by buying this pretious bird; which will teach me the vertue which is unknown to us Lombards, and but too well known and practised by other Nations, of suppressing the true sense of the soul, and of speaking only such words as please others, and which are got with∣out book.

The Eleventh ADVERTISEMENT.

The excellent Vertue of Loyalty and Faithfulness being se∣cretly departed from Parnassus, Apollo, when he knew where she had hid her self, sent the Muses, Melpomene and Thalia, to perswade her to return.

THe Noble Palace of Fidelity, which was formerly frequented by Princes, chief Officers, and abundance of the Senators of the most famous Commonwealths, is of late so little frequented, as it appears to be the house of desolation: In so much, as on the 18 of this present month, the abode of so excellent a Vertue was seen to be shut up: Which, as soon as Apollo heard of, he commanded that the Gates should be broken o∣pen, and that Fidelities self should be asked the reason of so great a novel∣ty. His Majesties command was forthwith obeyed; and the house was found to be totally void of Inhabitants. Which when the Vertuosi heard, they put on mourning weeds, sprinkled themselves over with ashes, and made other demonstrations of true sorrow; and Apollo in particular was so much grieved, and those very effects of inward sorrow were discern∣ed in him, which he shewed when the sad and memorable accident hapned of his son Phaeton. And his Majesty very well knowing that all humane Government would be quite overthrown, when the firm foundation of Fidelity which sustains, so great a building should fail, he immediately caused Proclamations to be every where made, wherein he granted even to the ignorant sort of people, and to all others that were incapable of the noble Prerogative of living with honor in the memory of men, a hundred years of immortality, to be given to whosoever should find out where so renowned a Vertue had hid her self. And he gave Letters Patents for the making good his word, out of the Bank of Homer, Virgil, Livie, and of wealthy Tacetus, all of them chief Merchants in Parnassus, who by their pretious Ink, doe use the noble Traffick of eternizing peoples names in the memory of other men. The largeness of the reward, invi∣ted many to go in search of her; and much diligence being used in the pursuit, The Royal Majesty of Fidelity was found in the Dog-Kennel of that famous Hunter Acteon, and the beautifull Adonis. This so strange news was quickly brought to Apollo, who immediately dispatched away the two Learned Muses, Melpomene and Thalia, with charge to bring her from that place so unworthy of her presence, and to re-conduct her to her wonted habitation; but all was in vain, for that famous Princess bit∣terly bewailing her own unfortunate condition; Say (said she) you Di∣vine Goddesses, to my Lord Apollo, that fraud who hath ever been my capital enemy, hath at last got the victory, in the dispute which hath been perpetually had between her and me, and that base self-interest, which in these unfortunate times doth tyrannize over the souls in all the best Nations, hath banished me from out the heart of man, which was former∣ly wholly mine. Let his Majesty likewise know, that the whole world

is so sunk in the mud of filthy pollution, as that Fidelity which hath been alwaies resolute to serve her Prince honourably, even to the effusion of her last drop of bloud, and to the emission of her utmost spirits, and which was formerly so admired and coveted, is now accounted a foolish and vain ostentation; and tell him, That to have a fradulent soul, full fraught with perfideousness, and ready to use all execrable infidelity, thereby the bet∣ter to fit ones self to the time, place, and person, is now a daies cryed up for wisdom, sagacity, and wariness of wit; and unfortunate I, nautiated to see such approbrious things, was forced to put on the resolution you see, to live amongst these dogs, amongst which I now fully find that faith∣fulness toward their Masters, which I have alwaies so much laboured to in∣graff in the self-interessed and perfidious heart of man.

The Twelfth ADVERTISMENT.

In the General Diet •…•…f the Learned, appointed by Apollo to be held in Helicon, his Majesty, contrary to all mens expe∣ctations, decrees Eternity to the name of Vincenzo Pinti, called in the Court of Rome, the Knight of the Lute.

TIs four moneths since Apollo intimated the holding of the general Diet of the Learned, on the eight of the present at Helicon; where all the Poet-Princes, the Nobility and Burgesses of the Vertuosies Uni∣versities, being met together early in the morning in the great Hall, his Majesty sate under his Cloath of State, of transplendent Eternity, invi∣roned by the most Illustrious Muses. And because Apollo had given no∣tice in his Edicts, whereby he specified the calling of the Diet, that he had done it to give Eternity to the name of a Vertuoso whom he would propound unto them. Divers were the opinions of the Learned, touch∣ing who it should be that he would nominate; but the most general o∣pinion pitcht upon Iustus Lipius, a Flemish Gentleman, whose Writings filled Parnassus with such fragrancy, as they had provoked in all the Ver∣tuosi, rather a ravenous desire of devouring them, then an appetite to taste them. Others said, that when the publick entry should be made, and au∣dience given in the great Hall, Eternity should be given to the most famous name of the most Illustrious and vertuous Cardinal Serafino Olivieri, the Prince of Modern Scholers, who being lately come to the Confines of Parnassus, was met with unaccustomed demonstrations of ho∣nour, by most of the Vertuosi, who wondred that a man who had been imployed all his life-time in the laborious charge of the Rota Romana, the Court of Exchequer, could come to the exact knowledge of Divinity and Philosophy, that he should be the prime Lawyer of his time, a fa∣mous Mathematician, able Astrologer, and as well verst in the Greek as Latine Tongue; and that which made the wonder greater, was, that a Prelat so skilfull in so many Sciences, so full of vertues, should die a lear∣ner; for thinking that he knew but little, he in his eightieth year of age

began to learn the Arabick Tongue. The reputation of so noble a Per∣sonage was increased by his famous Library, the which was yet more fa∣mous, for having a Master more learned then all his Books; whilst the reverend Colledg of Vertuosi stood expecting, which of these two so fa∣mous men should be named, Apollo propounded Vincenzo Pinti, called in the Court of Rome, the Knight of the Lute, for his excellent skill on that Instrument. The Vertuosi were so astonished at the election of so base a person, as they in all humility told his Majestie, that they would willingly obey his commands, but that they only desired to put his Maje∣stie in mind that his most faithfull Colledg of Vertuosi, were unwilling to admit of a Fidler into their Society. To this Apollo answered, That he foresaw that the Colledg would wonder at this his choice, yet wished them willingly to decree Immortality to this man, for he knew how to com∣mand what was necessary, though it appeared strange to them: the busi∣ness was then carried by a secret scrutiny, and Eternity was favourably decreed to the name of the Knight of the Lute, who was forthwith brought into the Colledg of the Vertuosi, by the Masters of the Pegasean Cere∣mony. Then said Apollo to the Knight; You Vincenzo, are the first of your Profession that was ever admitted into this learned Colledg; an honour reserved only for those who by their perpetual pains taking, are come by the knowledge of Learning; but the present necessity of your person hath forced us to take this resolution: See therefore that you teach both Princes and privat men the necessary art of tuning Lutes, wherein many are so ignorant, as they break the strings by scruing them up too high; and some humorous phantastical mad wits are more parti∣cularly recommended to you, and which I am certain you will meet with∣all, who being obstinately resolved to make the great Base strings act the part of Trebles, they do so strangely stretch them, as though they be very great and strong, yet they break them, and quite ruine the Lutes.

The Thirteenth ADVERTISEMENT.

John Francisco Peranda with much ado gets leave of Apol∣lo to be admitted into Parnassus, and despiseth Jerolomo Fracasto•…•…o's p•…•…ffer, who would have restored him to his eyesight, which he had lost.

THough it be many years since Signior Iohn Francisco Perando did much solicite his Majestie that he might be admitted into Parnassus, and that he used great means to obtain his request, yet Apollo would ne∣ver give way thereunto; for since he brought nothing into Parnassus but a volumn of his Letters, his Majestie, who is much nauceared with such Compos•…•…urs, said that he was resolved rather to throw the greatest part of the infinite volumns of Letters which were in the Library, out of it, then add one new one to it. For nothing but writings of Invention, and Nocturnal Labours being received into the Delfick Library, the innumer∣able

volumns of Letters that were there were but troublesom, and took up a great deal of room. And that all men being full of ambition and vain glory, and the manner of Modern writing being reduced to the naked speaking what they think, without any artifice, and that there be but few men who want business, and who cannot write, the easie admittance of e∣very one that writes Letters, into Parnassus, would occasion so great an inconvenience, as every one, though never so meanly learned, would print great volumns of his own Letters, only to make the miseries and base af∣fairs of his own house known: An error of the greater consequence, for that immortality is not sold at so cheap a rate in Parnassus: And that to these so many respects, it was yet further added, That it was discovered many had been so ambitiously presumptious, as to publish false Letters written to such a King, or such a great Prince, whom they had never seen, nor had ever had any business with them; a falshood the more worthy con∣sideration, for that in all true Letters, the vivacity of an unlooked for con∣ceit, sprang from the reallity of the fact, was that which was admired; whereas feigned Letters were alwaies full of affectation, a thing so much abhorred by good wits. The noble Caitaneans, did notwithstanding so much favour this their servant, as they overcame all these difficulties; moreover they made it appear to his Majestie, that of all Letters that had been yet printed, Peranda's deserved the first place. Wherefore Apollo, by reason of this testimony, and for that there were many of Peranda's Letters appertaining to History, which would be very acceptable to all the Vertuosi, he granted his request, and gave him the first place amongst all the Italian Secretaries. And though in honouring this Vertuoso, A∣pollo (according to his custom) had respect only to his merits, there were notwithstanding some lavish tongues which durst affirm, that this was done in favour to the Illustrious Cardinal Henry Caietan, a Prince who for the magnificency of his Works, for his undaunted courage, his laudable customs, candid genius, purity of soul, and for all the most excellent gifts of Nature wherewith he was richly adorned, is usually called his Ma∣jesties best beloved.

It must not be forgotten, that when (according to custom) all the Ver∣tuosi were permitted to pass their censures upon Perandas writings, Clau∣deus Ptolomeus said that they deserved to be corrected, because there were many words in them which were not Tuscan. But the Censurer bad Pto∣lomeus hold his peace, for that in learned writing, the Ingenious Vertuosi noted the conceptions, and that they were only malignant Pedants who censured words. And Peranda having lost his eye-sight some years before his death, Ierollomo Fracastoro proferred to restore him to his sight again; which if he should effect, Peranda promised him 500 crowns for his Cure. The Phisitian being then to do his work, Peranda was set down in a chaire, and asked the Phisitian whether all things were in rea∣diness wherewith to restore his eye-sight? The Phisitian said there was nothing wanting, for he had all his Instruments and Plasters. These things which you have named, said Peranda, do but little import towards giving me that comfort which I desire by my eye sight: Tell me, how goes the world? Even as it did, said the Phisitian, when you fell blind. If it be so, replies Peranda, I will not lay out my money in recovery of that eye-sight which I willingly lost that I might not see the present world drowned in those inormious and hatefull loathsomnesses, which do so much nauceate good mens eyes.

The Fourteenth ADVERTISEMENT.

The Italian Academies send Commissioners into Parnassus to obtain some remedy from Apollo for their corruptions; and find the business impossible to be effected.

THe Commissioners sent to this Court from the Italian Academies, had not audience till the twentieth of the present month; at which time they told his Majestie, that the fundamental Principles of all Academies being excellently good and vertuous, the Schollers were at first very stu∣dious, and diligent in their disputations, and all other learned exercises; but that this so ardent desire of knowledge did with time so cool in them, as also those vertuous exercises; that whereas at first Academies were fre∣quented by privat men, and held in great reputation by Princes; in pro∣cess of time they grew so forsaken and despised, as they had often, to the great discouragement of Learning, been inhibited; as proving rather pre∣judicial, than advantagious. And that though many remedies had been applyed to this evil, yet none of them had procured the desired operati∣on: Wherefore the Italian Academies being much devoted to his Maje∣stie, were forced to have recourse to him, whom they did humbly beseech that he would be pleased to give them some preservative Medicine against so great corruption. These Commissioners were very graciously recei∣ved, and listened to by Apollo, who recommended the business to the Reformers of Learning: To whom when the Commissioners came, they found them so imployed in the important business which they are perpe∣tually troubled with, di far delle sancie fuse, with making much of no∣thing, as that they excused themselves, as not being then at leasure to at∣tend that business. Wherefore the Commissioners returned again to A∣pollo, who referred them to the Regio Collateral; where the Academies demands were often disputed and discust; and yesterday they had for their last answer, That all those Gentlemen after much debate and propo∣sals, were at last resolved that the saying was true, that Omnia orta occi∣dunt, & aucta senes•…•…unt. Wherefore it was impossible to prevent, but that a pair of shooes, how neat and spruce soever they were at the first, should in process of time become torne and ilfavoured. That therefore the lovers of Learning should be very diligent, in suddenly suppressing what∣soever Academy had swarved too farr from the good Rules of its first In∣stitution, and at the same time found new ones, to the end that the world (little to the credit of the Vertuosi) might not be full of unprofitable A∣cademies, but might alwaies enjoy the benefit which it receives from good ones.

The Fifteenth ADVERTISEMENT.

Anneus Seneca being accused before Apollo of two fowle Vices which were commonly found in all the Sects of Mo∣ral Philosophers; doth excellently well defend his own Cause, and the like of his Associates.

THe last night, to the infinite wonder of all the Vertuosi in Parnas∣sus, Anneus Seneca, that Prince of Moral Philosophers, and one so well beloved by his Majestie, was made prisoner; various were the discourses which so great a novelty occasioned. Some thought that it might be, for that his Majestie would have him give a very particular account to the world, by what Philosphical precepts he had in so short a time of his serving Nero, gotten the worth of seven millions and a half, by which so great riches, he had cast so fowle a shame upon that poverty, and upon that moderation of mind, which in his writings he had made so particular profession of. A thing so much the more scandalous, as by the testimony of many Historians, it plainly appeared he had been a frequent cheater of Legacies, which he had fowlly extorted from wealthy men. Others said that he was imprisoned for the Adultery which some will not stick to say he committed with Agrepina; and many were of opinion that it was for having been cause of the Pysonian Conspiracy against Nero, wherein it was firmly held that Seneca had not only a hand, but that he had so fowlly given himself over to ambition, as after so great a fault com∣mitted, he had suffered himself to be perswaded he might become Empe∣ror. Nor were there wanting those who constantly affirmed that Apollo was exceeding angly with this Philosopher, for that Nero himself had con∣fest that the wicked Paracide which he had committed, was not only done by Sencca's knowledge, but by his perswasion, not out of any love he bore to his Master, but to make him commit so horrid a wickedness, that he might ascertain his own so unexhaustable riches which he had accumu∣lated to his own shame, and his Masters prejudice. But after his exami∣nation, Seneca found, that not only he, but all his fellow moral Philoso∣phers were accused for having very much scandalized all men by two fowl vices which they are given unto above above all other men, to wit, of be∣ing revengefull, and ingratefull. Tis said that Seneca acknowledged these accusations to be true, but that he, nor the rest of moral Philoso∣phers, ought not to be blamed for what was laid to their charge, since e∣ven thereby their goodness did manifestly appear; for good men never offend any; and consequently, since they gave no occasion of being in∣jured, it ought not to be held strange, if they were more mindfull of inju∣ries received, then other men, it being common amongst men, that they know not how to pardon injuries, who best know they never deserved them. And that likewise for ingratitude which moral Philosophers were daily seen to use towards their benefactors, it was no blockishness in them, as was every where affirmed by their illwillers, but that therein the candor

and great goodness of their souls, was clearly discern'd: For moral Phi∣losophers being guided in all their actions by their very cautious souls, did know by the instinct of Nature that all the good and graces which they in this world did receive from men, did proceed from the all-powerful hand of God; it was therefore no wonder that they did not own them from men.

The Sixteenth ADVERTISEMENT.

Ambassadors are sent from the Colledg of Gardners, to Apol∣lo, to obtain some Instrument from him, whereby they might without any cost or charge, cleanse their Gardens of all improfitable hearbs, and are laught at by his Maje∣stie.

AMbassadors from all the Gardners of the world, are come to this Court, who have acquainted his Majestie, that were it either from the bad conditions of their seed, the naughtiness of the soyle, or from the evil celestial influences, so great abundance of weeds grew up in their Gardens, as not being any longer able to undergoe the charges they were at in weeding them out, and of cleansing their Gardens, they should be forced either to give them over, or else to inhaunce the price of their Pompions, Cabiges, and other hearbs, unless his Majestie would help them to some Instrument, by means whereof they might not be at such excessive charge in keeping their Gardens: His Majestie did much won∣der at this the Gardners foolish request, and being full of indignation, an∣swered their Ambassadors, that they should tell those that sent them, that they should use their accustomed manual Instruments, their spades and mathooks, for no better could be found, nor wished for, and cease from demanding such impertinent things.

The Ambassadors did then couragiously reply, that they made this re∣quest, being moved thereunto by the great benefit which they saw his Majestie had been pleased to grant to Princes, who to purge their States from evil weeds, and seditious plants, which to the great misfortune of good men, do grow there in such abundance, had obtained the miraculous Instruments of Drum and Trumpet, at the sound whereof, Mallows, Hen∣bane, Dogs-caul, and other pernitious plants of unusefull persons, doe of themselves willingly forsake the ground, to make room for Lettice, Burnet, Sorrel, and other usefull hearbs of Artificers and Citizens, and wither of themselves and die, amongst the brakes and brambles out of the Garden (their Country) the which they did much prejudice; and that the Gardners would esteem it great happiness if they could obtain such an Instrument from his Majestie. To this Apollo answered, That if Prin∣ces could as easily discern seditious men, and such as were unworthy to live in this worlds Garden, as Gardners might know nettles and henbane, from spinnage and lettice, he would have onely given them halters and axes for their instruments, which are the true pickaxes by which the se∣ditious

herbs (Vagabonds, which being but the useless luxuries of humane Fecundity, deserve not to eat bread) may be rooted up. But since all men were made after the same manner, so as the good could not be known from the bad, by the leaves of face, or stalks of stature; the Instruments of Drum and Trumpets were granted for publick peace-sake to Princes, the sound whereof was chearfully followed by such plants as took delight in dying, to the end, that by the frequent use of gibbets, wholsom herbs should not be extirpated instead of such as were venemous.

The Ambassadors would have replyed again; but Apollo with much indignation, bad them hold their peace, and charged them to be gon from Parnassus with all speed, for it was altogether impertinent and ridiculous to compare the purging of the world from seditious spirits, with the weed∣ing of noysom hearbs out of a Garden.

The Seventeenth ADVERTISEMENT.

A doubt arising upon the truth of a usual Saying, That a man must eat a peck of Salt with another, before he can perfectly know him. Apollo makes the point be argued in a gene∣ral Assembly of Learned men which he causeth to be cal∣led for that purpose.

THe common saying, That to know a man exactly, one must eat a peck of salt with him, being questioned by some Vertuosi, Apollo being unwilling that the Addages of the Learned, which are general Rules, and inviolable Laws, by which his Vertuosi steer their lives; being I say, un∣willing that the truth of them should be any waies scrupled at; many daies since made it be disputed very exactly and diligently in a general Assembly of the Vertuosi: Where this saying was proved to be so true, as many of the Assembly were of opinion that half a peck more should be added to the former dose; grounding their Judgements upon this appa∣rent reason, That the shamefull vice of dissembling, and infamous practice of hypocrisie being known daily to encrease amongst men, it stood with all the grounds of good Arithmatick, that as corruptions encreased in wicked men, necessary remedies should be multiplyed by the Learned, whereby stoutly to resist vice in its rise. But not so farr to shame the pre∣sent age, as to shew, that whilst the malady of vice encresed in the world, remedies grew less, the wiser sort of the Vertuosi thought it not good to alter the ancient measure; wherefore it was generally concluded by them all, that the saying was very true, for what concerned men; but was very false in women, who without eating either salt or oyle, knew the very thoughts of their husbands the first night they lay with them.

The Eighteenth ADVERTISEMENT.

The Hircanians send Ambassadors to Apollo, to be resolved by his Majestie in the Important Article, Whether it be lawfull for the people to kill a Tyrant?

AMbassadors came the 19 of this present monenth from the Warlike Nation of Hircania to this Court, where two daies after they had Audience given them in great pomp by his Royal Majestie: For the Ver∣tuosi being very desirous to see the Customs and Habits of Forreiners, came in great numbers to honour Personages so quallified. The Ambas∣sadors being brought before Apollo, the chiefest of them said, That the famous Nation of Hircania being at present miserably opprest by a Prince, who with unheard of cruelty did Tyrannize over them, had been per∣swaded by the fame of his Majesties wise and true answers, to send them so farr a Journey as to Parnassus, only to know the true decission of that weighty Question, Whether or no it were lawfull for the common peo∣ple to kill a Tyrant? It is not to be believed how strangely Apollo was incenst to hear such a question propounded; he was so mightily moved to anger against those Ambassadors, as giving no other answer, he strait∣way rose up in an unwonted fury, and commanded, that for example to others who should dare to propound so pernitiously seditious doubts, they should be immediately drag'd out of the Hall; which was accordingly done. Such an action appeared so hidious to the Illustrious Muses and the Senat of Vertuosi, as not any one of them durst intercede with his Majestie in the behalf of these unfortunate Ambassadors. But Apollo seeing much confusion and amazement in the faces of his beloved Muses, and Vertuosi, said, he thought he had too slightly revenged himself upon those Ambassadors, for this their so scandalous and perfidious demand; for that it was not only not lawfull for the people to dispute so seditious an Article, but that they should keep it like fire, from entring into their brests, since such a doubt would be apt to cause more mischief in the world, then Paris his Apple had done. For those that were born in a Re∣publicks Liberty, had no occasion to raise any such Dispute; since in a free Country, every light shadow, little semblance farr-fetcht suspition, or least jealousie that a Senator should affect to Tyrannize over his free Country, was sufficient to cause revenge be taken by a halter or hatchet, without cavelling upon such foolish words, and calling in question a busi∣ness of so great importance; for in a well governed Commonwealth, if a Senator should incur any such suspition, any colour, shew, or suspition, though never so remote, ought to serve for so convincing proofs, as the party accused must first be hanged, and his process to be made afterwards by usual course of Law. But that in Monarchies, where the base Ple∣beians were incapable of themselves to discern between a lawfull Prince and a Tyrant, they ought, for the great commodity which the peoples ig∣norance gives to such as are ambitious, seditious, lovers of novelty, and

such as dispair of their own affairs, of painting out wicked Tyrants for le∣gitimate Princes, and legitimate Princes for cruel Tyrants; to keep the world from slaughter and execrable confusion, they ought, I say, accor∣ding to Tacitus his precept; Bonos Imperatores voto expetere qualescun{que} tollerare. Tacit. lib. 4. Hist. To pray for good Princes, and to bear with any. This being said, Apollo, who out of his innate goodness cannot endure that any should part distasted from him, though they by their impertinen∣cies have given occasion of offence, commanded that the Ambassadors should be sent for back; who when they appeared before his Majestie, he said unto them, Beloved Hercanians, To people who love to live peace∣fully, Ferenda Regum ingenia, nec usui crebras mutationes, Tacit. lib. 12. Ann. Princes humors are to be born withall, and then especially when they are occasioned by puniard, venem, or any other mischievous machinati∣on: For the alwaies just God being the only competent Judge of Princes, and not the people, who are continually carried about by seditious men, you ought, Quomodo sterilitatem, aut nimios imbres, & cetera Naturae mala, ita luxum, vel avaritium Dominantium Tollerare. To tollerate the luxury or avarice of Soveraigns, as you do barrenness, too much rain, and other evil of Nature.

The Ninteenth ADVERTISEMENT.

Nero the Emperor, for a very singular commendation given him by Cornelius Tacitus, rewards him with a gift of 25 Mules loaden with Crowns of Gold.

VEry Singular is the news which happened this very week in Parnas∣sus, of 25 Mules loaded with Gold, which Nero the Emperor sent to Cornelius Tacitus: All the Vertuosi were much astonished at so rich a present, and forthwith ran to Tacitus his house, some to know the true worth of so much treasure; others to know what had occasioned so rich a gift; and they found that the reward came to 1250000 crowns which Nero gave for the praise which the Historian gave him, when he said that Nero had not infra servos Ingenium, Tacit. Annal. lib. 13. The most learned of this State said, that though Nero's gift was very splendid, yet Tacetus had deserved much more from him in that excellent praise which he gave him, that his genius was not to be subject to the base Dominion of a servant, was more worth then many rich Treasures, because there are but few Princes that deserve such praise. On the contrary, the meaner sort of the learned thought that reward did so farr exceed Tacetus his me∣rit, as they did not stick to speak ill of so heroick an action, terming it one of Neroes prodigallities, and one of those inconsiderate profuseness used by shallow pated Princes, when by giving past number or measure, they deserve rather to be esteemed foolish squanderers, then vertuously liberal. Wherefore these men, more moved out of envy to Tacitus, then out of any love they bore to Neroes honor, told Nero, that most of the

learned in Parnassus did not approve that he should reward two or three bare words written by the Historian, with so great a mass of money, who had said so many obsenities to his prejudice, as did totally obscure that praise which he had so highly rewarded. 'Tis said for certain, that Ne∣ros answer was; That as excellent Picture-drawers did the better set off the figures which they draw, by dark shadows, so true Historians, by the liberal mention of vices, and not the bare imperfection of Heroes, whose∣memories they doe by their writings eternize, purchase believe of the praises which they give them, no more shamefull invectives being to be spoken of Princes, then exagerated praises, without making any mention of those defects which are so joyned to humanity; which when they are truely related, they were true testimonies of the writers impartiallity; and that therefore he did the more value the imputation written of him by Tacetus, for that the praise which he gave him, did exceed all the shame∣full things which he could possibly write of him: For as all the most ex∣quisite vertues which a Prince can be indued with, were directly darkned if he suffered under the execrable vice of subjecting himself to a servant, so the vertue of knowing how to be Master of those that serve, did so well quallifie any whatsoever Prince, as the splendor of so sublime a vertue, did sufficiently cover the fowlest faults: And that all this was not without good reason; for as it was impossible to deny but that the unfortunate man who undid himself in seeking the Philosophers stone by his Furna∣ces and Limbecks, was a mad man fit to be chained up; so it must be confest that the Prince who having made an ignorant servant of his, a Golden Ox, did adore him like an Idol, was of necessity to be esteemed a fool past all recovery.

The Twentieth ADVERTISEMENT.

The Vertuosi visit the chief Church in Parnassus, and begg of God an important favour.

YEsterday being the first day of April, according to the custom of this Court, the Illustrious Poets, accompanied by the Muses, went to visit the chief Temple in Parnassus, and with great devotion beseeched Gods Divine Majestie, that he would vouchsafe for his mercies sake, to preserve his faithfull Vertuosi from the lies of such persons, who being wholly composed of malignity, are notwithstanding held by Princes to be exact honest men.

The XXI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo, to incourage Senators of Free Countries, to cultivate Liberty, without affecting Tyranny, causeth an exceeding wofull spectacle to be shewn in Melpomene's Amphithea∣ter.

APollo firmly believing, that in free Countries, more then in any o∣ther sort of Government, Laws are instituted for the common good, that therein men set their minds more to undertake; and to perform gal∣lant works, and that learned Sciences, and all civil Pollicy do there florish most; doth much abhor those Tyrants who commit outrages upon the Liberty of a well regulated Commonwealth: As those who to maintain an usurped Power, are bound to hate men of great worth, and to perse∣cute their excellent vertues with the same severity, with the which Law∣full Princes punish vice; and though their genius lead them to encline to clemency, they are notwithstanding necessitated to use cruelty, and to Govern the State vitiously, it being very true, that Nemo unquam Impe∣rium flagitio quaesitum bonis artibus exercuit. Tacit. lib. 1. Hist. No man did ever Govern that Empire well, which he came by ill. His Majestie, to affright the Inhabitants of free Countries from committing like wick∣ednesse, caused the Senators that were resident in that State, to meet yesterday in Melpomenes stately Theatre; and having made Cesar the Dictator appear on the other side of the Theatre, he brought in his sister Actia, together with his Nephew Augustus, and his daughter Iulia, and the children which she had by her husband Marcus Agrippa, Lucius, and Gaius Cesar, Agrippa Posthumus, Giulia, and Agrippina, with the nu∣merous issue that the latter bore to her so famous husband Germanicus. It was a sad and miserable spectacle to Cesar, to see how by his prodigious ambition, he had not only drawn on his own cruel death, but had totally extinguished his bloud, which happened in a short time after: For cer∣tainly it was a very compassionate spectacle to see, that of so copious an offspring as proceeded from his eldest sister Octavia, and Giulia, daugh∣ter to Augustus, there was not any one who had not ended their lives, ei∣ther by poyson, sword, famin, or some other miserable death. To this Cesar's so great heart-grief, was added the immence rage which assailed him when he saw the Roman Empire which he had purchased to his so great reputation, and with the effusion of his bloud, should passe after Augustus his death, into that cruel and bloud-thirsty Family of the Claudii, which did so detestably persecute the bloud of the Giulii, from whom they had inherited so glorious an Empire. Nor was the Compunction less which this so very sad sight caused in all the lookers on; for thereby the usual calamity of Tyrants was recal'd into their minds, who are not only unable to evade Divine inevitable Justice of laying the foundations of new Tyranny, by their own violent deaths, but that God, who is still severe in punishing the wickedness of ambitious men, would not permit that his progeny who had dared to undertake so horrid an excess, should

long enjoy the power of State which had been so ignominiously gotten: and which by divine providence fell soon into the power of a family, who forced by good policy, to extinguish the first Tyrants whole race, took publick revenge for subjugated liberty. Moreover it was a calamity which the eyes of the cruellest men that were in that Theater could not behold, not the hearts of the most ambitious tollerate, to see that all Tyrannies are laid with the materials of so many violent deaths, which the unslackt lime of such wicked injustice with the sand of so many horrible cruelties, and with the water of large lakes of humane blood: whilst all the Ver∣tuosie wept to see this so lamentable Spectacle, Apollo said with so fear∣ful a voice, as infused terrour into every one; behold said he, you Ty∣rants, who are so desirous of Soveraignty, these that you have here before your eyes are the ends of your proud thoughts; in these unfortunate Tra∣gedies does the longing, and immoderate thirst which such as you have over dominion terminate; and those who have impiously made themselves Masters of their Countries liberty, bring their families to this greatness that you see. Thou Caesar, who by thy wicked going about to inslave the so Noble Roman republick didst make it appear, that thou either didst not know, or didst not fear God, see and behold to what height of infelici∣ty he is able to bring thee, and all thine.

Though Caesar gave apparent signes that he was much confused and af∣flicted to hear these words; yet Apollo the more to rent in pieces the soul of this ambitious man, and to comfort his Vertuosie, who were much afflicted at this so horrid sight, and to encourage Senators to preserve the liberty of their Country, commanded that the humane Neptune of the Sea, the alwaies glorious Prince Andrea d'Oria should be admitted into the Theater, with all his most excellent family. Whereupon Caesar, be∣holding the happiness of that renowned Family, and the glory of those Se∣nators, who in the Commonwealth of Genoa were esteemed, honour'd and observed, as mindful of the great benefit which they had received from that new founder of their new liberty; and that that Prince of every happy memory, had left so glorious a fame of his modesty behind him in those Citizens; the envy he bore to the Grandezza of those Heroes did tor∣ment him more then his own misfortune: and he then knew, that when he and those that descended from him had conquerd France, he should have done better, and more advisedly, if he had undertaken, as did that glorious Prince Andrea d'Oria, to reestablish the liberty of his Country, which was faln into the disorder of a confused Dimocrasie, and to beat down the Tyranny of that ignorant people, with those very weapons with which he had trampled upon the Senates authority: and to have planted a perfect Aristocracy in his Country, and so have won unto himself the high Title, and glorious prerogative of being the second founder of the Roman liberty, by the doing whereof, he and his posterity mought have been as famous in Rome, as the Family of the Dorii shall ever be glorious in the Noble Republick of Genoa, as long as the world shall last.

The XXII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Inthroned Academians, having admitted the chief she-Po∣ets, or Poetesses into Parnassus, Apollo commands, that they be taken from thence.

THe inthroned Academians, contrary to their ancient Institutions, did some few months since admit into their Academy the Vertuous La∣dies, Victoria Colonna, Veronica Gambera, Laura Teracina, and other fa∣mous Lady-Poets of Parnassus; which was done with so great applause of the Vertuosie, as the Academians set on fire by the beauty of those La∣dies, were not onely very frequent at their learned exercises; but did eve∣ry day publish such Poesie, as made the very Muses wonder: but it was not long ere his Majesty smelt a very displeasing savour; wherefore he commanded the chief of the inthroned, by no means to admit any longer such like parties: For he had found at last, that Womens true Poetry consisted in their Needle and Spindle; and that the learned exercises of Women, together with the Virtuosie, was like the sporting and playing of Dogs, which after a while ends in getting upon one anothers backs.

The XXIII ADVERISEMENT.

Justus Lipsius being solemnly admitted into Parnassus, the next day after his entrance, did, contrary to all mens expecta∣tion, accuse Tacitus for being impius, and reaps but little credit thereby

JUstus Lipsius (as hath been formerly said) arrived some few daies a∣go upon the confines of this State, whose writings, though they were presently voted worthy to be read by all the Vertuosi, and to be deserved∣ly placed amongst the eternal labours of the Learned, in his Majesties Li∣brary; and that consequently eternity should be decreed unto his name in full Senate, with as plenary prerogative as hath at any time been grant∣ed by this State to any other Subject, yet the publick entrance of a per∣son so highly qualified was deferred till Tuseday was sevennight last; be∣cause the noble Flemish Nation would signalize her self upon this occasi∣on, with extraordinary demonstration of honour to this her Citizen: wherefore they erected many Triumphant Arches with much splendor and magnificency in the chiefest places of Pernassus. The Cavalcata was remarkable; for many of the Learned in all Sciences favoured this Se∣nator, who having received from his Majesty the noble title of Vniversall

in all Sciences, every one thought he was knowing in an things, and eve∣ry one wondred when they saw, that at the very first meeting Lipsius sa∣luted the Noblest Romans who went to meet him, by name, as if he had particularly known them. His learned writings were carryed by Caius Valerius Patercolus, who though his age had made him lame, yet to shew himself thankful to Lipsius for some good turn he had received from him, did beg this favour of his Majesty. By express order from Apollo, Lipsi∣us rode in the midst between moral Seneca, and politick Tacitus; but a great uprore was likely to have risen hereupon; for Tacitus having alwaies formerly granted the right hand to Seneca, by reason of his prerogative of age, and his reputation in the most prised Sciences; yet he did so hotly contest with him for it upon this occasion, as upon the noise thereof all the learned Moralists running in to aid Seneca, and a squadron of Polititians to assist Tacitus, it was feared some great scandal might be occasioned there∣by: but the Moralists struck saile, for they knew that if it should come to blowes, they should not be able long to resist those insolent Polititians, who not having any regard to what is just or honest, thought it not dis∣honourable, but rather great worth to overthrow their enemies, though it were by treachery: but all the business was quieted upon the appearance of the Masters of the Pegasean Ceremonies, who by order from the ho∣nourable, the Lord Censors, said to Seneca, that since Sciences, as fruits in Rome, and fish in Venice, had their seasons, he might do wel to yeild the right hand for that time to Tacitus, and that for the most apparent injury which he should thereby receive, he should solace himself with the remembrance of what honours had been done unto him in the better times of his former daies; wherein those very self-same moral Sciences, which in these pre∣sent unfortunate times are reputed meere predantickness, and old mouldy things, were in so great esteem, as that they were valued as the very pre∣tious jewel of all learning; and the rather, for that this present age, which consists wholly of self interest and violence, did so highly exalt the practice of Policy, as that by scandalous example it permitted Peripatetical Philo∣sophie, which was the supream Ladie of all humane Sciences, to be troden underfoot. Seneca obeyed the Censors command, but much against his will; for moral Philosophers who make so great shew of seeming humili∣ty, are even borne with intence ambition.

When Lipsius was come to the Foro Delphico, he was not permitted to see the splendor of his Majesty in open air, nor was he met and received at the foot of the Pallace staires by the Muses; for those who write inven∣tions of their own, and who are beloved by Apollo and the Muses are onely thought worthy of those singular favours: whereas Lipsius his learned writings were onely found to be laborious, and miraculous for the variety of reading that was in them; a thing so common to all the Trans-Alpine writers, whose braines are thought to lye in their backs, as it is usual with Italians, whose braines lye in their heads, to invent alwaies new things, and to labour with matter taken out of the Mine of their owne ingeniosi∣ty, with much sweat and toyl, nor with stuff, borrowed from other Wri∣ters; it being a thing thought belonging to beggerly, botchers, and to broken Criticks, to peice out the tatterd Gownes of the Learned, but to cut out new clothes, after a new manner, and with imbroideries not for∣merly seen, a thing belonging to an experienced and skilful Tailor Somsay that Lipsius was thus smally favoured by Apollo, and by the Muses, and that

they were offended with him, for that they having indued him with so noble a Talent, as he might like a Tacitist have written the civil wars of Flanders, a thing so much desired by the Colledge of the Vertuosi; yet he for certain respects which his Majesty held unworthy, had hitherto resisted the inspiration given him, by his Majesty and the divine God∣desses: but this last is a suspition grounded onely upon likelyhoods, whereas the former is sustained by Truth. Apollo stood to see this Caval∣cata in his little Cabinet, which stands close by Auroras lodging, and which Italian Poets call the celestical Balcony, and he was clad in a white Cloude, which (as upon like occasions is usual) just when Lipsius enterd the Foro Delfico, was by a western wind a little rarified; so as his Majesty by the spendor of one only beam with which he beheld this his Vertuoso, cleans∣ed him from all the stains of ignorance, which till then remained in him, and made him become a perfect Litterato. When Lipsius was afterwards come into the great Hall where Audience is given; just as he began his Oration, with humble thanks to Apollo, for the incomparable grace he had vouchsafed him, he was forced to hold his peace, by reason of a sore mischance which befell the learned Pausanias, a Greek Writer, who was sate on the Cronologist Classis; where he fell into so deep a sound, as he was thought dead, and all the reverend Cosmographists ran to help him, Pausanias familiar friends said, that that accident might be occasioned by meer weakness; for that it being late, he had not refresht his soul in his Library, as he used to do before he came out of his house, by taking two spoonfuls of Conserves made of Pindarus his Poesies; but Euterpe whose humble servant Pausanias professeth himself to be, sprinkling two of Thu∣cidides substantial sentences in his face, made that vertue return into him which was almost lost. Then Pausanius, not considering how great a fault he committed in hindring Lipsius from ending his Oration: O devouring Time (exclaimed he, being overcome with greif of soul) O envious old age, which by your sharp and biting teeth, consume even those things, which were made by men, to the end that they might for ever live upon the earth; how is it possible that the vicissitude of things should be so cer∣tainly affixt to the variation of time, as that my beloved Greece, former∣ly the mother of Learning, the Queen of Sciences, the honoured and safe habitation of liberal Arts, the Garden of the world, the natural Country of the famous Vertuosi in all sorts of Learning, the onely place in the world eternized by my pen, should now be wholly become ignorance, to∣tally savedg, uninhabited, and so dismantled of all those both publick and private edifices, wherewith thou didst formerly so much abound, as now there is nothing to be seen in thee but poor Cottages, and that the famous Athenian Orators, Phylosophers and Historians, are become in these our unfortunate daies, base Oile-men in Constantinople: whereas on the contra∣ry; Flanders, which in my time was nothing but soletary woods, incum∣bred with marish grounds, full of savedg beasts, and men more savedg, where nothing was to be seen but hideous Caverns, poor Cottages, inha∣bited by beggers, should now be become a very fruitful, beautiful, and pleasant Province; inhabited by civil, wealthy and industrious men, full of noble Cities, adorned with both publick and private edifices, very sumptuously built; and which makes the wonder the greater, that it should be a happy Country, where the learning of the ancient Greeks and La∣tins, seem to have tane up her eternal abode: all the learned Grecians, as

Aristotle, Plato, Demosthenes, and Pindorus, were so moved at what Pau∣sanius had said, as also many others who could not forbear shedding of tears; but before Lipsius his Ceremonies could be compleated, fell into so great lamentations, as being followed therein by the other Vertuosi; Lipsius, who knew that his Oration could not be heard, by reason of the great noise which those sighs and groans made, came down from his seat, being satisfied for the injury which Pausanius had given him by that inter∣ruption, with the consolation he received from the Encomium he had made of his Country the Flemmish Nation.

It was believed by all the Learned of this State, that great intimacy and friendship was contracted between Cornelius Tacitus and Giustus Lipsius, by reason of the many reciprocal courtesies which had past be∣tween them; but to the wonder of all the Learned in Parnassus, the con∣trary happened: For two daies since, Lipsius accused Tacitus for having said some very impious words in his first Book of Histories. His Maje∣stie much incenst to hear such an accusation, commanded Tacitus to ap∣pear before him the next morning, and to make his defence; Tacitus o∣beyed this command with such undaunted alacrity, as his learned Friends, who had been much astonished, were greatly cheered. I, who give you an account of these Informations, was present when Beato Renano, and Flavio Orsino, both of them being Tacitus his good friends, drew Lipsi∣us aside, and earnestly entreated him that he would desist from that accu∣sation, which would prove a great dishonour to himself, if he should not be able to make it good, and would prove very unfortunate if he should prove it: For Tacitus being the first Politick Baron of Parnassus, and therefore much followed by potent men, who have long hands, and short consciences, they would certainly in time work their revenge. To this Lipsius answered, that howsoever he would discharge his conscience; which being said, he appeared before Apollo, where came likewise Taci∣tus attended by the most pollisht Vertuosi of this Court. Then Lip∣sius thus began; That he was a friend to Socrates, a friend to Plato, but a greater friend to Truth. Here Tacitus interrupted him, and bad him leave those preambles, which smelt so rammish in that place, and fall round∣ly to his Impeachment, for his fellow Polititians could not with pati∣ence hear premeditated preludiums from them from whom they expe∣cted fowle performances. Then replyed Lipsius, You in your first Book of History have taken the freedom to say, That God cares not otherwise for mans welfare, then in what concerns punishment; a conceit so much the more impious, for that it would be a great fault in an earthly Prince, much more in God (whose peculiar Vertue, Mercy is, and Charity to all mankind) to say a thing so exorbitantly wicked. Your very words (said he) are these; Nec enim unquam attrocioribus Populi Romani Cladibus, magisve justis judiciis approbatum est, non esse Cura Deis securitatem no∣stram, esse Ultionem. Tacit, lib. 1. Hist.

Tis true that you may plead in excuse of this your great fault, that you were led thereinto by unwary Lucan, who having said the same thing be∣fore you, wrot these Verses:

Foelix Roma quidem, Cives{que} habitura superbos: Si libertatis superis, tam Cura placeret, Quam vindict a placet.

Blest Rome, great Citizens might well have had, Had the Gods minded her good as well as bad.

When Tacitus had heard this, It grieves me, said he, my Lipsius, that you who have boasted your self to be the only Oracle of my obscurest meanings, have so grosly erred in a poynt which so much imports my re∣putation. For those words of mine which you have now recited, are so farr from being impious and wicked, as you accuse them to be, as I will prove them to be pious and holy: and that you may know I speak truth, I will by a circumlocution of many words, interpret that my conceit, which ac∣cording to my custom, being exprest in few, you cannot conceive. Af∣ter having in the beginning of my Histories, acquainted the Reader with what I intended to treat of in my whole Work, I said, I undertook a la∣bour full of various chances; Atrox praeliis, discors seditionibus, ipsa eti∣am pace savum, Quatuor Principes ferro interempti, tria Bella Civilia, &c. Cruelty in Wars, seditious discord, savageness even in peace, four Princes assassinated, three civil Wars, &c.

When I had related the great calamities and miseries which the Romans suffered after Nero's death, I said they were so many in number, and such in quality, as it had never at any time been better verified, by the bitter sufferings of the Romans, and by Divine Justice, that that same God who had formerly so favoured and protected the people of Rome, as being as it were inamored of their greatness, it seemed his only care was, to render them perpetually victorious, triumphant, and Masters of the World, was seen so to change his mind after Nero's death, as it did evidently appear; Non esse Curae Deis securitatem nostram: which is, That he had quite gi∣ven over the care of their welfare; esse ultionem; which is, that he mind∣ed only to take revenge for the great distastes which they had given him. Is it then Lipsius! a wicked conception to say, that by reason of the great excesses committed by the people of Rome, both before, and after the death of Nero, Gods care of protecting them from all evil, was turned to se∣vere Justice in afflicting them with all sorts of misery. The thing which you have said (said Lipsius) is very pious; but it doth not square with the words which I accuse of wickedness, which will then receive the interpre∣tation and sence which you give them, when the words, securitatem no∣stram were only to be understood of the people of Rome; but they being universal, it is apparent that you comprehend all mankind: That by the word Nostram, upon which I perceive you chiefly ground your self (re∣plyed Tacitus) I only understood the people of Rome, Lucan makes it clear unto you, who you were pleased to say, led me into this error; he expressing my very conceit in Verse, mentions only the Romans; affirm∣ing that Rome would have been perpetually happy, and would have kept with her Citizens in continual glory, if God Almighty had been as well pleased to preserve her in her ancient Liberty, as he was to revenge him∣self of her. And do not you think it to be true, Lipsius, that the Ro∣mans, who could never put a period to the insatiat ambition which they

had to rule over the whole world, did so provoke Gods anger against them, by laying so many Noble Monarchies and gallant Commonwealths dessolate, by having plundred the world, and filled it with fire and bloud, to satiate their unquenchable thirst after wealth, as after having delivered them over into the hands of cruel Tyrants, by whom they made tryal of the most deplorable miseries, he at last permitted, that by exemplary shame, they should be trampled upon by the most barbarous Nations of the earth? Certainly a most unfortunate end; but much merited by the Roman ambition, cruelty, and avarice: precipices into which the Divine Majestie of God causes those Empires to fall, which know not how to prefix bounds to their insatiate desire of Reigne. But to make your er∣ror appear yet more clear unto you, Do you remember, Lipsius, that ever I made use of that word, Nostram, or Nostri, in any other part of my Writings? I remember (said he) that you mention how Tiridates, King of Armenia, who was sent to Rome by Corbalone, to acquit himself before Nero, of some imputations that were laid upon him, did capitulate with Corbalone before he took his journey, that no servitude at all should be made to appear in him Tiradates, that he should not be made to lay down arms any where during his journey, that he should be admitted to visit the Governors of the Countries, without being kept out of dores, and that he might be suffered to keep the same grandezza in ceremonious ob∣servances, as did the Consuls; which way of proceeding was laughed at by Corbalone, and esteemed a barbarous vain-glory, as you your self do in these words publish; Silicet externae superbiae sueto, non erat notitia nostri: apud quos jus Imperii valet, innania transmittantur. Tacit. lib. 15. Annal. Doubtless, by one accustomed to forrein pride, no notice was ta∣ken of us: Needless things are forborn amongst those that stand upon the right of Empire. And in another place, relating how much the dis∣cord of her enemies made for the quiet and greatness of the Roman Em∣pire, you say, Maneat quaeso, duretque gentibus, si non amor nostri, at cer∣te odium sui quando vergentibus Imperii satis nihil jam praestare Fortuna majus potest quam Hostium discordia. Tacit. de Morib. Germ. Let there I pray continue amongst the Nations if not a love of us, at least a hatred amongst themselves, since to the declining fate of the Empire, Fortune can now grant nothing greater then her enemies discord. Then said Ta∣citus, Do you believe, Lipsius, that by the words, non erat notitia nostri, and si non Amor nostri, I did intend all mankind, or only the people of Rome? Lipsius then grew pale, and said, I now my Tacitus, perceive my error, I humbly crave your pardon, and freely confess, that the more your Writings are read, the less are they understood, and that your Annals and Histories are not to be read by a meer Gramarian, such a one as I am.

The XXIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

A mournfull day in Parnassus, in commemoration of the un∣happy Introduction of the Grace-Cup.

THis first day of May (a day by all Nations consecrated to Jollities) is so sad a day in Parnassus, as not only the Muses, Poets, and all the Vertuosi are clad in Mourning, but the publick Market places, open Tar∣races, and Schools of Learning, are all covered with Blacks, for that it ap∣pears by the testimony of Pollidore Virgil, on this day of unhappy memo∣ry, first through the ambition of Princes, and then through the foolish vain-glory of privat people, the pestiferous use of the Grace-Cup was in∣troduced. Never in the memory of the Learned, did there happen so sad a calamity in Parnassus, and more bitterly bewailed by all the Vertuosi, then the direfull spectacle of beholding that pretious Liquor, Wine, the only delight of Tables, without which, eating would be a laborious task, fit only for Porters, cruelly driven from the Table; and certainly not without reason: For what greater misery can befall mankind, then to be reduced to drink according to another mans discretion, and to be brought to that sad condition, even to beg for Gods sake a glass of Wine from a mean servant, who many times minds thee not, and oft-times does not hear thee, which that a man might live as long as Nestor, he ought to have alwaies in his hand, or hold it to his mouth? And what more cruel means could there be invented to torment a gallant man, then to make him stint his drinking when a savory bit hath provoked a lusty thirst in him? And is it not a spectacle able to make a man die for anger, to see drink brought sometimes in too little a glass, oft-times half empty, and in so unequal a thirst, to drink still the same measure? And which makes the grievance the greater, to have the Wine alwaies changed? For the gluttonous, and wicked Butlers cannot be perswaded to bring out their best Wines to Feasts, but keep it for themselves. In this the Literatie's so great affli∣ction, the glorious German Nation, which is free from so severe a slavery, pittying the misery of the Spaniards, Itallians, and French, moved a Trea∣ty with the Princes, to exterminate from out the world, the known per∣nitious practice of the Grace-Cup: But the Princes answered resolutely, They would never give way that the glory of the Bottle-house should be taken from their Festivals. And though to facilitate the business on the behalf of the Literati, it was propounded that Wine should stand still up∣on the Tables, that it should alwaies be good, that in the Butteries, or Bottle-houses, Si facesse la speca delle minestre che spesse volte ammorba∣no di caccio riscaldato; They should spend their porredg seasoned with tosted cheefe; but they were not listned unto: So as the business ap∣appearing to be desperate, Andrea Marone, a famous Brescian Poet, stept forth, and in the presence of Apollo, the Muses, and of all the Learned in Parnassus, did very fluently on the sudden make a stout invective against so cruel an invention in Heroick Verse; and proved conclusively by the authority of Esculapius, Hippocrates, Galen, and other famous Phisitians,

that Hectick Feavers and Tissicks, which were but little known before, were mightily encreased by the sorrowfull introduction of the Grace-Cup, and the three-ounce glasses. For those silly people who were foolishly perswaded to drink by the ounce, drunk but by scruples, thereby purchasing unto themselves pale and weak complexions; whence it happened, that in these present times, wherein the vanity of good breeding was more respected, then substantial drinking with chear∣fulness, the strong complexion of old lusty men was wholly lost. In the end of his Oration, this Poetical Orator averred by the testimony of the Muses, that when the custom of drinking great carrowses was given over, the race of Homers and Virgils was wholly lost, and the world was pester'd with hide-bound Poets.

The XXV. ADVERTISEMENT.

The principal Monarchies abiding in Parnassus, ask the Illu∣strious Venetian Liberty, by what means she obtains the benefit of so equisite secrecy, and such exact obedience from her Nobility? And received from her their desired satisfaction.

THe controversie which arose some few daies since amongst divers of the Literati, and which was decided (as hath been said) by the Illu∣strious Venetian Liberty, hath afforded this State of Parnassus much oc∣casion of discourse. But more particularly it raised such an envy in the powerfull Monarchies of Spain, France, England, and Poland, as two daies since they went to the aforesaid Liberty of Venice, and told her that they wondred very much to see that she should find such faithfull secrecy in all her Nobility, when they had very much desired (but all in vain) to obtain so much from one single Secretary, and a pair of Councellers: A calamity affirmed by these powerfull Queens, to be so much the greater, as that in this present fraudulent age, the first weapons which some Princes use to draw against their enemies, was to corrupt other Potentates chief Officers with vast sums of Gold; they therefore desired to know of her, by what means she in her weightiest affairs obtained so much secrecy from her Nobility, and such obedience also in the certain danger of their ruine? To this the Venetian Liberty answered, That she did allure her Nobili∣ty to the vertue of Secrecy by rewards, and frighted them from the vice of disobedience by punishments. The aforesaid Monarchies replyed, That they likewise made use of the same means, yet could not compass the same ends. That, said the Venetian Liberty, is because the rewards given by Monarchies, are poor, and the punishments slight, in compari∣son of those which were practised in well governed Commonwealths. To this, answer was made, That Monarchies could affirm the contrary; for the rewards of free Countries, compared with the profuse liberallity which great Kings use towards their chief Ministers of State, was but beg∣gery:

For it was never known that the State of Venice rewarded the fi∣delity of any of her Senators with the rich Donatives of Castles, Citadels, Cities, and other Noble and rich Fee-Farms, with which Princes did of∣ten remunerate their Ministers of State; the greatest rewards used by the Venetian Commonwealth to her most meritorious Senators being to pro∣mote them to greater Magistracies, and that by degrees, and not without their having taken much pains ere they could come by it. Moreover, that the greatest part of her imployments being rather expencefull then profitable, they only brought with them an increase of reputation. That then for the poynt of punishment, certainly punishments inflicted by the resolute will of Princes for great offences, were incomparably more severe and dreadfull then those which were decreed against a Senator by any Senat, which were usually rather mild and circumspectious, then pre∣cipitate and cruel: And that there was a great disproportion between a Prince who judged his Vassal, and a Senator, who by his sufferage punisht his equal, his friend, one of his own bloud. That the State of Venice used no worser Gibbits, Gallowses, Fetters, Ropes, nor fire in their No∣bilities misdemerits, then were used in Spain, France, England, and Po∣land, unless it were the Cavala Orfano, which was the Venetians utmost severity. That if Kings had not that Channel in their Kingdoms, they could notwithstanding sew up their disloyal Officers in sacks, and cause them to be thrown into deep Rivers and Wells.

The Illustrious Venetian Commonwealth did then smile, and said, That in lieu of those Fee-Farm Rents which Princes bestow with such a limited authority upon their well deserving servants, she gave unto her Loyal and obedient Nobles, the Kingdom of Candia, Corfu, and the other Islands subject to her Dominions, the States of Dalmatia, Istria, Freuli, Padua, Vicenza, Verona, Brescia, Bergamo, Crema, and that most majestical Mi∣racle of the most Royal Cities, Venice: And all this with full authority to command and govern them absolutely; so as her Nobility were not to be esteemed as privat men, but as Kings, and great Princes, who in the weighty affairs of the Commonwealth, were faithfull to themselves; where∣as the servants of Princes were faithfull to others; and that the detestati∣on which the Noble Venetians had of selling the Commonwealths secrets to forrein Princes, arose from the infinite disproportion between what they should lose by their fellonious dealing, and what they got by their Loyalty: That there was no proportion or comparison between the re∣morse which a Minister of State feels for having betrayed his Prince, and the fear a Senator had to be unfaithfull to his free Country: Because to be unfaithfull to others, was to betray himself.

Lastly the Venetian Liberty said, That the rewards which Princes give to their Secretaries, and other State-Ministers, did often produce perni∣tious effects, and clean contrary to the intention of the givers: For that they did not only make the Officer grow more coole in his Masters ser∣vice, since he had nothing more to hope for from him; but that Princes minds being so mutable, and the plots of their Court-rivals so frequent, it often hapned that the servant sought by his disloyalty, and by suppres∣sing his Master; to secure that reward, which by his good service he had got. All which were pernitious effects, and wherein their rewards fell so much the shorter, for that the Patrimony of the Venetian Nobility en∣creasing alwaies with the greatness of their Empire, the love of their Se∣nators

was daily encreased more and more, and their charity towards the weal-publick. Then she said, the disproportion in punishments between her and Monarchies, was far greater, for she had often had experience, that when her Nobles have even been in arms, and much importun'd by forrein Princes, if she should but mention unto them the Senats displea∣sure, and their degradation from Nobility, there was not any Venetian Se∣nator, who would not with unspeakable chearfull obedience hasten to Ve∣nice, with firm resolution rather to lose his life between two pillars, then to be deprived of that Liberty which is so highly valued by generously minded men; and that there was not any Senator of Venice, who would not willingly suffer death, rather then put himself in subjection to any whatsoever forrein Prince. The reason why, because the Noble Veneti∣an was a Fish which being born in those Waters of Liberty, could not live out of Venice, in the element of servitude.

The XXVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Francis the First, that Potent King of France, meeting the Lady Philosophy naked, profered her his Royal Mantle; which would not be accepted.

THe bountifull King of France, Francis the First, met casually yesterday the Lady Philosophy, leaning upon Aristotle and Plato, as she went sporting her self in Parnassus: And seeing her to be naked, the King had a strange compunction of mind to see that the very Queen of all human Sciences, who ought to abound in all the most ex∣quisite delights, should be so poor, as that she should not have wherewith∣all to cover her self. Wherefore that magnanimous King, throwing off his Royal Cloak or Mantle, which was all imbroidered with Flowre-de-Luces made of Diamonds, would therewithall have covered that beau∣tifull Lady; when first having rendred all due thanks to so great a King, for so courteous an offer, she said, That she who had no shame to hide, nor deformities to cover, might without any prejudice to her reputation, walk naked in Parnassus.

The XXVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo complains bitterly of the Muses, for that they inspire many mean wits with Poetical fury; and they defend them∣selves excellently well.

APollo finding the products of Modern Italian Poets, for the most part very imperfect in Similies, Metaphors, Allegories, Hyper∣boles, and other figurative expressions, with which they deck and adorn their learned Poems, sent two daies agoe for the Muses to come unto him, with whom he bitterly complained, that the most Noble Poetical Fury was inspired into certain ignorant people, who not able to undergo the labour of purchasing by their perpetual study, the perfection of Poe∣try, published poor Poems, by which that Poetry lost much reputation, which is the delight of Learning, the only recreation of the Learneds la∣bours, the very restorative of the Vertuosi, the Jewel of all Liberal Arts; not without much imputation of blame to them the Muses, who were de∣sired by the choicest Vertuosi, that Poetical fury might only be inspired in∣to laborious wits, and such as were in love with Learning, and who might make themselves worthy to receive so singular a grace from them. 'Tis said that Polyhimnia in the name of all the other Muses, answered his Ma∣jesty, That they, in the inspiring of Poetical Fury, and the flowing vein of elegant Verses into others, were alwaies used to have respect to the fruit∣fulness, and natural vivacity of mens wits; and that his Majestie very well knew, that the gift of Poetical fury must of necessity precede the know∣ledgs of Arts, Sciences, and Learning, to the end that those who should have received so particular a favour from the Muses, might afterwards im∣prove the Talent which was given them, by perpetual study; and that his beloved Pindarus, when they first inspired him with Poetical fury, he was altogether void of all those pretious Sciences, with which he after∣wards did so richly adorn himself. When Polyhimnia had thus ended, Erato added, that the bad Poems of some late Italian Vertuosi, was not to be attributed to the idleness of the Poets, but to the misery of the pre∣sent times, wherein none of those liberal Mecena's being to be found, who were formerly the maintainers of Poetry, such Sciences were now only prized by modern men, as brought with them certain and present advan∣tage; not such as brought only delight and reputation; an unhappiness which was the cause why in this present age, such studies were only ply∣ed, as serve to feed the body, and those not regarded which only feed the soul. Whence it was, that even they, the Muses, were with much sorrow, forced every day to see that those very elevated and noblest Spi∣rits, which they did most intirely love, and into whom they had inspired all the most excellent Poetical fury that they were able, did rather violent∣ly resist the gift of Poetry, and the instigation of their minds, bigg with Verse, then pursue it. And that therefore the best Italian Wits, being forced, even for necessity of bread, to abandon the noble study of Poetry,

to which they were naturally addicted, did so greedily thrust themselves into more gainfull studies, as that a noble Italian Wit, even then when he was most inflam'd with the composure of an elegant Stanza, was forced to forgo that his laudable labour, and for the getting of a couple of crowns to turn Advocate in a civil case at Law. That if his beloved Virgil did by his taking-Verses, so much increase the honour of Poetry, it was be∣cause he was perpetually encouraged by Augustus his bounty. That it was impossible for modern Poets to cultivate by their assiduous studies, those fields of Poetry, which produced nothing but barren brakes; and that it even broke the hearts of her and of her fellow-Muses, to put his Majestie in mind, that Iovan Andrea dell' Anguilara, a noble Italian Poet, died for meer want in a Lodging in the Street Torre di Nona, at Rome; and that Sanazzarro being reduced to a great scarcity of all necessaries, died mad in the same City; and that Lodovicus Ariosto, and Torquatus Tasso, resplendent lights of Italian Poetry, were so hardly dealt withall by the avarice and ingratitude of the present times, as all the Vertuosi saw them enter into Parnassus, without Clokes, and with tattered clothes.

The XXVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Torquato Tasso presents Apollo with his Poem of Giurusa∣lemme Liberata, or Godfrey of Bullen, For which Lo∣dovico Castelvetro, and Aristotle, are severely repre∣hended by his Majestie.

TOrquato Tasso, two daies after his admittance into Parnassus, present∣ed his learned and elegant Poem of Giurusalemme Liberata before A∣pollos feet, and desired that if it should be thought worthy, it might by his Majestie, be consecrated to immortality. Apollo gratiously received the Poem, and according to the ancient custom of this Court, gave it to the Reformer of the Library (who at this present is Lodovico Castelvetro) that it might be renewed. After two months space, Tasso applyed him∣self to Castelvetro, who told him, that having diligently perused his Poem, he found not that he had therein observed the Rules of Poetry, published by Aristotle: That therefore he did not think it fit to be placed amongst the publick Writers of the Delfick Library, wherefore he might do well to amend those errors, and then return to him, and he would again renew it.

Tasso was much astonished at this unexpected answer; wherefore be∣ing incenst, he forthwith went to Apollo, and told him, that with much labour, and infinite pains-taking, he had composed the aforesaid Poem, in the weaving whereof, he had only observed the Talent which Nature had given him, and which his Caliope had inspired into him: Wherein he thought he had fulfilled all the duties of Poetry, and that his Majestie having prescribed no Laws thereunto, he knew not with what authority Aristotle had published any rules to be observed in it: And that he ne∣ver

having heard that there was any other Lord in Parnassus, but his Ma∣jestie his fault in not having observed Aristotles Rules, was an error of ig∣norance, and not of any malice. By these words of Tasso, Apollo was as highly offended against Aristotle, as Princes use to be when their Au∣thority is intrench upon; in so much as he forthwith commanded the Guard of German Poets to bring that bold Philosopher bound un∣to him; which they did. Apollo with an incenst countenance, and irri∣tated voice, asked Aristotle, whether he had been so shamefully impudent, as to dare to prescribe Laws, and publish Rules to be observed, to the high conceptions of the Vertuosi, in whom he had alwaies been pleased that there should be an absolute liberty of writing and inventing. For the lively wits of his Literati being loose from any tie of rule, and free from the chains of precepts, did greatly to his contentment, every day, enrich the Schools and Libraries with gallant Composures, woven with new and curious inventions; and that to make the wits of conceited Poets, subject to the bondage of Law and Rules, was to infringe the Grandezza, and to take from the alluring delights of their products, and greatly to inslave the wits of learned men, who when they handled their pen with wonted and unbridled liberty, they divulged such writings, as by reason of their novelty and elegancy, did not only afford delight to him and his beloved Muses, but even admiration; as was evidently seen in the Advertisements of a Modern, Menante, wherein under Metaphors and jesting Tales (a new invention) important politick affairs, and choice mo∣ral precepts, were couched. And that the Poem of his beloved Tasso, being received by the general good applause of all the world, it did evi∣dently appear, that he had punctually observed all the rules of exquisite Poetry that could be prescribed. Poor Aristotle trembled at the hear∣ing of these words, and humbly beseeched his Majestie that he would com∣miserate his old age, and that such a Philosopher as he, might not suffer for anothers ignorance, saying, that he had writ the rules of Poetry, not in that sence in which it was afterwards understood by the ignorant, as if without observing his rules and precepts, no Poem could possibly arive at perfection; but that only to facilitate the Art of Poetry, he had shewed the way wherein the best Poets had walked: That the only fault which he had committed, and for which he humbly craved his Majesties pardon, was, that having found long before, that the ignorant took those his ob∣servations for Laws, and peremptory precepts, blinded with that ambi∣tion which robs all men of their eye sight; for that that error had en∣creased his honour and reputation, he had given his Majestie thereby so high a displeasure: And that he confest that the brains of high strained Poets might write Poems so absolutely perfect, as they might serve o∣thers for Rules and Laws to be observed, without keeping his Laws and precepts: And that the truth of this that he had said was clearly proved by the Politicks which he had published, which in comparison to the mad∣ly wrested Reason of State which was now practised by many, was meer foppery.

The XXIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Cornelius Tacitus is chosen Prince of Lesbos; whither be∣ing come, his success proves not good

TWo months ago the Prince of Lesbos departed this life, whereupon the Electors of that State, who as every one knows, obey an Elective Prince, sent Ambassadors to Apollo, desiring him that he would be pleased to name a man unto them worthy of so high preferment, and they would willingly chuse him for their Lord and Master. Many worthy Letterati were propounded by Apollo; the Ambassadors thought, that since Cor∣nelius Tacitus was famed farr above all others for matter of Policy, he was fittest to be chosen. But before the business passed any further, they went to visit him, and asked him, in case they should chuse him for their Prince, how he would govern them: Tacitus speaking at large unto the Ambassadors of himself, said, that all men knew what his abilities were in the well governing a State; since the whole world set such an estima∣tion upon his writings, as he thought he might justly boast, that it was governed by the modern Princes, according to the rules of his Politicks: That having shewn others the true practice of the most exact Reason of State, they might easily believe he should know better then any other, how to put it in execution in his own State. And though upon this oc∣casion he durst undertake upon the sudden, in their presence, to make a compleat discourse upon the means that were to be used by a Prince who would govern an Elective Kingdom well, yet to let them see that he with much reason was acknowledged by the most understanding Polititians, to be the Master of that Art, he would tell them in two words, what sa∣tisfaction he intended to give them in his Government. Which was, That he would diligently imitate the late Prince in those actions which he should know gave content unto the people, and that he would ex∣ceedingly detest him in those which they were displeased with. He then added, That what he had said, was the very extract of all true Policy, the quintescence distilled by him, and only by him thought upon; and that relying much upon them, he had imparted unto them this secret, which if it were made common, Shop-keepers, and even the meanest sort of men, would know how to rule Kingdoms, and govern Empires.

The Ambassadors were much pleased with what Tacitus had said, and did assure him that he should be the man that should be chosen; they on∣ly advertised him, that when he should be created their Prince, it would behove him to speak in a more usual stile, that he might be the better understood by the people of Lesbos, who were not so learned as those of Parnassus.

To which Tacitus answered, That it was necessary for one like him, who profest to speak more sentences then words, to speak obscurely; for sententious meanings, and politick precepts, lost much reputation, when they were spoken in trivial Latin: And he, to the end that he might not communicate that political Science to the base rabble-rout, which ought

only to be known to great Kings, used that manner of Language; that therefore his conceptions were understood only by the choicest wits, whose accurate pallats were able to rellish them; yet for the general good of those that understood but little, he would bring with him for his In∣terpreters, Mercerus, Lipsius, Fulvius Orsinus, and that he would bring with him as far as from Italy, the most affable Courtius Pecchena, whom Ferdinand the great Duke of Tuscany, the best Scollar that ever came out of Tacitus his Schoole, had offered him, whensoever he should have occasion to use him.

The Ambassadors returned to Lesbos much satisfied with these answers, and made such relation of Tacitus his miraculous wisdom, as by the gene∣ral applause of all the people, he was presently chosen, and declared Prince. But the success of Tacitus his Government in his Principality, proved clean contrary to the expectation which was had of him: For soon after he had taken possession, he began first to sow, and then to nou∣rish great discord between the Nobility and the common people: and be∣cause the Nobility was of more worth, and better advised then the vul∣gar, who were kept under by the power of great ones, Tacitus secretly and cunningly adheared to the weaker side; wherefore the heads of the people growing very bold with the Nobility, by reason of the stout assistance which they received from the Prince, they exercised bruitish in∣solencies, by means whereof, in less then a months space, a dreadfull fire of civil Warr was kindled in Lesbos. Tacitus this mean while appearing in publick to be a well-wisher to the general peace, interposed himself as a mediator to compose those differences, which in privat he wished might never have an end; and shewed himself to be so zealous of all their goods, as he became the absolute arbitrator of the differences between both sides: And making use of the calamities of others, as an instrument whereby to agrandize his Authority, he first infused great fear into the people, that they would be quickly cut in pieces by the power of the Nobility, if they did not all the sooner find out some remedy for their preservation. By this means he easily obtained their good wils, that a Militia of forrein Souldiers should be admitted into the Metropolitan City, to keep them from being over-powered by the Nobility, which Militia he honested by the name of Souldiers of Peace: And they, with approbation of the Nobility, were permitted to be armed, under pretence, that by them he would curb the people, who were already grown too insolent. The Souldiers were three thousand in number, and an intiment confident of Tacitus was by him given them for their chief Commander. And to the end that they might be faithfull to him, and ready to serve him upon all occasions, he obliged them not only by othes, gifts, and all demonstrati∣ons of liberality; but made them as partial to him, as they were hatefull to the Nobility and common people, by permitting them to commit all sorts of cruelty and plunder against the Nobility and Commons of Lesbos, Tacitus being thus fortified in his power and greatness, did in a few daies fill the Senat and City Lesbos, as also the whole State, with Promooters and Spies, which he incensed against the chiefest of the Nobility of Les∣bos, who under pretence of divers faults, were bereft of their Estates and imployments, wherewith he exalted and agrandized their accusers. Where∣fore the chief men of the Senat, some through avarice, some through am∣bition, and very many to save their own lives, became wicked Ministers

of their Princes cruelty and ambition, by accusing, and falsly calumniating the greatest Subjects of the State. Moreover, such Senators as he knew he could not oppress by false accusations, he imployed them abroad in for∣rein Negotiations, which were expensive, and could cause no jealousies; then by little and little he disarmed under colour of various pretence, the ancient Officers who had the charge of the Militia, and put their arms into the hands of such as were affectionate to him; and whilst by this deep and wicked cunning, he abased the powerful, he exalted new men, cho∣sen out of the meanest sort of the people, and who did wholly depend upon him, to be Senators, and other supream Magistrates. Then under colour of securing the State from being invaded by forrein Princes, he be∣gan to begirt it round with strong Citadels, which he put into the custody of forreiners, who were his friends. And because he could not endure that the people and Nobility should be armed, and knew that to disarm them, would be a dangerous business, he made use of a safe way to disarm his Subjects by long peace, by idleness, or wantonness, and by using se∣vere justice upon such as did any waies dispute these their necessary re∣centments: And totally to irradicate all vertue from out his Subjects souls, he caused costly Theaters to be built in the chiefest Cities, wherein pastimes, Comedies, Huntings, and other delightfull spectacles, were per∣petually represented, by the over-much use whereof the people and the Nobility, gave over their ancient care of publick affairs, and the thought of Military exercises: And as one who knew very well, that to come by his desired end of erecting a Tyrannical Government over a people who were born free-men, and had long lived in liberty, it was requisite to glut them with perpetual plenty and abundance, Tacitus gave himself wholly to provide that great store of all good things, should alwaies be found in his State.

Thus farr Tacitus his affairs past on successfully; but when he would go about the last precept of Tyranny, by laying snares for the lives of some great Senators which he was jealous of, he contracted so cruel and so universal a hatred against him, as lest he might be opprest by a great conspiracy which he found was plotted against him, he fled disguised six daies since from Lesbos, and returned to lead a privat life in Parnassus. His Nephew Pliny, who as all the Vertuosi know, was always the best friend that ever Tacitus had, was the first that came to visit him; he with a Ro∣man freedom, greatly reprehended his friend, that having prescribed such approved Rules of well governing States, to others, he himself should prove so unfortunate in his Principality of Lesbos. The same Pliny re∣lates that Cornelius Tacitus gave him these very words for answer; Hea∣ven (my Pliny) is not so far distant from earth, nor doth snow so far differ in colour from cole, as the exercise of Empire is far from, and unlike unto the Theory of Politick Precepts, and the best Rules of Reason of State: For that sentence which in Galba's person I teach Piso, and which hath won me so much credit amongst men, as it hath been thought to be the answer of an Oracle, and which the ignorant think may easily be put in practice, hath in the use thereof proved very unfortunate to me: The reason is, because the Metamorphosis is too great, when from being a pri∣vat man, one becomes a Prince. And know Pliny, that privat men hate and detest many things as great defects, and apparent vices in Princes, which are vertuous and excellent perfections. I tell thee this, for that

when I was first chosen Prince of Lesbos, I was resolved to steer the Na∣vigation of my Principality by the assured North star of the aforesaid sen∣tence; and therefore I diligently informed my self of all my Predicessors actions, firmly resolving to imitate him in those which were praised, and to shun those which were blamed in him: I knew that he had greatly offend∣ed the Senat by assuming too much Authority, by which he had taken unto himself the affairs of all the Magistrates; in so much as little more then the bare name of Magistracy remained unto them. I found he was much hated for the little esteem he made of the Nobility, and for that he would have all the affairs of the Senat depend upon him: And I knew also, that in his austeere manner of life, by which it appeared he desired to govern the State of Lesbos rather by absolute Dominion, and as an hereditary Prince, then as an elective Lord by limited Authority, he had distasted all men. Whilst I was a privat man, I thought this way of Go∣vernment to be bruitish, and altogether Tyrannical, and therefore I resol∣ved to shun it. But know, that the very first houre took upon me my Principality, I found those my first wholsom resolutions to be so grub'd up and eradicated by the cursed power of Rule, as to say it properly unto you, Vi Dominationis convulsus & mutatus. Tacit. lib. 4. Annall. I began to think those my Predicessors actions, which whilst I was a privat man; I esteemed so foolish, insolent, and Tyrannical, to be excellently good, and not things done out of phancy, or by chance, but good pre∣cepts politick resolutions, and necessary State-Reason: So as not able a∣ny waies to resist the violent ambition of Government, I thought I should be baser then a Pack-bearer, if I did not arrogate unto my self the whole power of command in Lesbos, where the Prince lives with much li∣mited Authority; which my inordinate desire did occasion that bad satis∣faction in the Senat, and whole people of Lesbos, which hath made me run upon the Rock which you see. All which disorders (my Pliny) are occasioned not through my ignorance, but through my knowing too much: For in the Principality of Lesbos, where people live between Li∣berty and Slavery, Nec totam Libertatem, nec totam Servitutem pati∣possunt. Tacit. lib. 1. Hist. They can neither endure to be wholly slaves, nor wholly free. He who will Reigne long quietly there, must not on∣ly resolve to leave things as he found them, but must be of a peacefull spirit, so farr from ambition, as that he may be able to put in practice the hard precept, of living himself, and suffering others to live: so as men who are absolutely Polititians, as I am, who are incited by nature to af∣fect sole Dominion, and who will measure all things by their Reason of State, prove very unfortunate in Elective Principalities.

The XXX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo being aware of the great disorder occasioned amongst men by the flight of Fidelity; By assistance of the Muses, and of the sublimest Heroick Vertues, procures her return to Parnassus.

IT cannot be said by the tongue of man, how greatly Apollo was trou∣bled at the secret and sudden departure from Parnassus some weeks since (as you have heard) of the Illustrious Vertue, Fidelity: For his Ma∣jestie could not with patience think that the world should be deprived of so beautifull a Princess: His afflictions were increased by hearing of the great disorders which arose in all places, between the people and sacred Friendship, the only delight of man-kind; since she saw her self forsaken by Fidelity, lest she might receive some fowl affront from Fraud, she would no longer live amongst men, who being freed from the Oath of Al∣legeance to their Princes, and from the severe bond of love, by which they are bound unto their privat friends, they grew so very perfidious, and so savagely seditious, as allowing all sorts of wickedness to be lawfull, they drive away pure Fidelity by treachery, from human familiarity, and holy peace by sedition, filling the whole world with bloud, theft, and all per∣fidious and cruel confusion. Apollo was moreover perpetually trou∣bled with the just Appeals of Princes, who publickly protested, that by reason of their Subjects hainous infidelity, they were forced to forgo the Government of man-kind. Wherefore Apollo thought it necessary (as a remedy for so great disorder) to call a Diet of the States-General, which he did on the twentieth of the last month, whither he summoned the Princes Poets, and the Deputies of all vertuous Nations; who not failing to appear on the prefixt day, such hatred was discovered in many people against their Princes, as they said openly, that not through any dis∣loyalty, but that driven by dispair, they had for ever banisht that Loyal∣ty from out their hearts; which, as being very prejuditial to them, they were resolved never any more to acknowledge; by reason that it was basely abused by many Princes. For in times past Subjects Loyalty ser∣ved as a means to force Princes to barter civil and courteous proceed∣ings, with their peoples faithful service; but now they saw clearly that the vertue of humble and prostrate obedience, was accounted the baseness of an abject mind; and the merit of a voluntary and uncorrupt Loyalty, necessity of service. By which fowle way of proceeding, publick disor∣ders were so far advanced, as many were forced to put on the resolution which now was seen, only that Capricious Princes might clearly know, that the Authority of commanding was soon lost, when the ill usage of Subjects, and ingratitude towards them, had so exceeded all humane pati∣ence, as they had made Nations which were naturally well disposed to o∣bey, resolve to admit of no more Masters, but rather hazard themselves in a free Government, then to be so undervalued, rent in pieces, and cruelly

dealt with by Princes. Though the anger of Princes towards their peo∣ple was great, and the peoples distastes greater, yet the Illustrious Muses, assisted by the Heroick Vertues, who laboured very much to bring a bu∣siness of so great concernment to a happy end, did at last by their dexteri∣ty, mollifie and appease the minds of incenst Princes, and the hearts of venomed people: And the Diet was dissolved upon these Articles of a∣greement; That the people should solemnly promise to admit again of Loyalty into their bosoms, and swear to make her absolute Mistress of their hearts: And that Princes should be bound to banish avarice and cruelty from out their breasts, and possess their souls fully with liberality and clemency, which were the things that made Subjects loyal and obedi∣ent. Since it plainly appeared by authenticate faith, and was witnessed by Gaius Plinius, and the rest of Natural Historians, That sheep which did so willingly obey their Shepherds, did infinitely abhor Butchers: And that it was impossible to make Doggs (though naturally very faithfull and loving to men) wag their tails, and leap about them, who gave them more blowes then bits of bread.

The XXXI. ADVERTISEMENT.

In the time of Carneval, the Vertuosi in Parnassus run races, and make other demonstrations of mirth, and jollitie.

THe time of the Vertuosi's festivals, and publick rejoycings being come, Apollo caused Macrobius to publish by sound of Trumpet, in the Chaire appropriated thereunto, Aulus Gelius his Saturnalia (whom the reformers of the modern Pedantry call Messer Agillio) his pleasant Attick Nights; and the pleasant genial or jovial dayes of Alessandro de gli Alessandri, and finally the merry Bacchenalia of the Romans, the Lords of the world, and supream Princes of Learning, all of them festival and merry daies, and consecrated by the Genius of gallant men: and by his Majesties particular edict it was commanded that they should be chearfully celebrated by all the Nations of the Vertuosi which inhabit Parnassus, ac∣cording to the institutions and customes of their several Countries. As soon as this so joyfull news was made known to the people, the rich publick Libraries were opened in Parnassus, and the famous Libraries of privat men, into which during those daies of jubile, it was lawfull for eve∣ry one to enter, to come out of, and to tarry there as long as they listed, to surfet by their perpetual reading upon the savory viands which the Ver∣tuosi have first seasoned, and then disht up at the plentifull Table of their Composures.

It was an honourable and a joyfull spectacle to see the publick invitati∣ons made by Plato, by Athenaeus, and the other great Princes of the Court, throughout the whole streets and houses of Parnassus, where the Vertu∣osi drank deeply of the Falerno of Learning, and filled their bellies till they were ready to burst with good Discipline. Only the Doctors of

Law, seeing the Shop of their Tribunals, and of their litigious Traffick shut, were sad, and died for hunger amidst such plenty of savory meats, and abundance of merriments: For meer Pettifoggers being many ages before declared by his Majestie to be meere Asses, he inhibited them to feed upon the sweet food of Divinity, Philosophy, Poetry, Astrology, and other savory Sciences, upon which the acutest Wits do only feed. Wherefore the Pettifoggers were seen, much to their shame, to go through Kitchins licking of Ladles, whereas other Scienced men were served with all the delicacies of Learning; and then it was that high∣minded spirits did detest the sordid study of Law-Cases, and great Vo∣lumes of trivial Law, as that which being only able to fatten the fowle great body of Wealth, makes curious wits die of the Hectick Feaver: But above all the rest, the invitation made by Pliny, was the most famous, to which the most learned in all Sciences that were in Parnassus, being come, they were all satisfied according to their several pallats, with costly and pleasant Cates. And though at that splendid Feast they did for the most part only eat and swallow Gudgins, yet were they all so well drest, and handsomly disht in by that copious. Wit, as they were eaten by all the Guest with much delight, praised for their excellency, and taken for truths.

The third day of the Feast there appeared two load of Neapolitan Villa∣nelle Fruits of Parthenope, which for being come from that vertuous Cli∣mat, were suddenly bought up and eaten by the hunger-starv'd wits of the Litterati; but because through their much slipperiness, or glibness, they occasioned dangerous Fluxes in most that eat them, such impurities were forthwith forbidden by the Censors to be any more brought into Parnas∣sus. The same day Tansillus clad like a Gardner, presented Apollo with a basket full of Neapolitan Brocali, the excellencies whereof he did so ex∣agerate in four Stanzas which he on the sudden recited, as having perswad∣ed his Majestie to taste them, as soon as by the very smell he found them to be ordinary Coleworts, he turned towards Tansillus, and said, All your Poetry will never make your Neapolitan Brocali prove any thing bu•…•… common Coleworts; and Coleworts do not deserve the praise of so much prittle prattle.

Soon after, a handsom Peasant of Ferrara, called Pastor Fido, presented his Majestie with an odoriferous handsom Tart: Apollo not staying for the usual hour of dinner, fell to eat it with such an appetite in the open street, as he lickt his lips and fingers ends, according to the Countrey-fa∣shion, when he tasted the Pastoral Tart; and seemed so delighted with that food, as he thought it not only good manners, but even requisite to give part thereof to the Illustrious Muses, left that they, who are alwaies big with Verse, by longing to taste thereof, might miscarry, or might be delivered of a Poem marked with some fowl spot of ignorance. Whilst the Muses, being called by his Majestie, did together with Apollo, eat the Tart of that fortunate Shepheard with such delight, the Vertuosi who stood looking on, longed very much to taste so savory a thing. Wherefore his Majestie gave every one of them a piece of it; and the Tart was so commended, as they all confest there could nothing of more delicate in that kind be eaten. There was only one of the Vertuosi who said it nau∣seated him, as being too Melli•…•…uous; to whom Apollo, being much in∣censed, said, That sweetness was the friend of Nature, and that those that

were not mightily delighted therewithall, had a depraved taste, and that he was certainly a malignant, if he did not confess that that delicate Tart, being seasoned with more conceptions then words, was raised up with the Paste of Capons skins; and that he made himself to be known to be one of those sowre detractors, who blinded by envy, blame such things as are to be imitated by extraordinarily fruitfull wits: But his Majesties an∣ger, and the dread which the Vertuoso was in, were turned to laughter, when the Tart being wholly eaten, Signco•…•… Giovandalla Casa, took the Plate whereon it stood, and licking it with equal greediness and unman∣nerliness, told his Majesty and the Muses, that in things that do ravish with delight, men were not Masters of themselves, nor could they re∣member Gallateo's rules, and that in time of Carneval, it was lawfull to commit exorbitances.

His Majestie went afterwards about the Foro Massimo, and was much delighted to see every corner full of canvasing and disputations, and the Piazza throng'd with Orators, who made Learned Orations in praise of the Learned Sciences; and bitter invectives against ignorance. Some phantasti∣cal Italian Poets added to his Majesties mirth, many of which being mounted upon benches, sung an infinite number of Verses ex tempore, which shewed they could not imitate the Latine Poets, who through dif∣ficulty of feet, by which their Verses walk, are forced to goe lea∣surely.

And now Apollo dismist the Muses, who went sporting themselves for many hours through the gladsom street with their inamored Poets; and were much delighted in Mauro's shop, wherein were great store of large and little beans, with which some of those Dieties cram'd their bellies full: And it was noted for a very strange thing, that they liked the emp∣ty husks better then those that had kernels in them. They then cast their eye upon Monsieur de la Casa's Oven; they entred where Varchi was kneading, and from thence went into the shop where Iovan Baptista Marini made Spanish Buskins, whereof whilst Coppetta would have puld on one, and it proving to be very streight, he used violence in pluck∣ing of it on, that he tore it, so as (which occasioned much laughter in the, rest) he pulled off one of the straps, and gave a strapping fart.

As Apollo returned afterwards to his Royal Palace, some Courtiers of great Princes desired they might have leave to make some Mascherades; to whom his Majestie answered, That they needed not to mask or disguise their faces, for that their souls were so well masked, as they might go any where safely, for he assured them they could not be known, neither by the eye, nor yet by the judgement of any man, how wise soever.

The next day, according to custom, they ran Races with their Coaches; and it fell out odly amongst those of four wheels, for many Charrets ap∣pearing at the first starting with new wheels well greased, and swift horses, Cornelius Tacitus appeared there with a three-wheel'd Charret, swathed round about, and drawn by lean weather-wrung-Jades, which he had hired. And then it was that Tacitus made his skill appear; for being started, whilst all the other skilfull Coachmen belaboured themselves in the Cource, and deafned all the lookers on with the noise they made in whipping their horses, and speaking unto them, crying, stand up; Taci∣tus very tacitly, no waies discomposing himself, by his rare dexterity, and admirable skill, did so seasonably switch and put on his horses, and did so

judiciously guide his disordered Charret, as he was come to the Staff or Post, before the other fleeter Charrets had driven two thirds of the way. Whereby all the Vertuosi of this State discerned how much the dexterity of a juditious wit, exceeds strength or force in all things in so much, as the wisest said, that they who carry on their business handsomly, with skill and dexterity, are fit to bring any disordered enterprize to a good end. The Vertuosi were not so much delighted in seeing the Courtiers run on foot naked: For they were much troubled to see what injustice was used in the inequality of the starting-places; which the ignoble and poor Ver∣tuosi took from farr off; whereas they that were noble and wealthy, were so near the staff, as without running, they might touch it, if they would but put forth their hand: So as by such inequality, they thought it rather a thing purchast by fortune, then gotten by industrious labour, when at Court a poor Litterato comes by the staff of honor and Supream digni∣ties. Yet in this last Race it was observed, that many Noble and rich men came behind, and the poor mean runners won the reward: And though some say they did it through the humorousness of Princes, and by favors backt by Court; yet the more judicious sort affirm, that it is necessary for such who by their dexterity and fair behaviour, know how to gain their Princes love, and have the wit to arive at highest preferments from them, to have good legs to run withall. But great was the mirth which was caused in all the people, by a chance which hapned between two very noted Personages of the Court, who (as it often falls out) whilst the one thought to keep the other back, they justled one another, and grew so an∣gry, as giving over the chief business of who should win the Race, in the midst of the way (which was very dirty) they indiscreetly fell together by the ears, and after having cruelly bespattered one another, by foul accusa∣tions, and shamefull calumnies, they became a ridiculous spectacle to the lookers on; and for their greater shame, were hist at by them. This, though it appeared ridiculous to the foolish rabble, was notwithstanding thought so worthy consideration by his Majestie, that, as being very ex∣emplary, he gave order that it should be cut in Marble by Praxiteles, that it might serve everlastingly for a Lesson to wrangling Courtiers. It me∣rits memory, that whilst Servius Honoratus, Master of the Barbary Horse which won the Race, went crying through Parnassus (as the custom is) Long live Virgil, that gallant Personage, who counts that shame, which o∣ther Poets account glory, caused Servius to be bastinadoed by his servant Daretes; for which act, though Apollo was much troubled at it, Virgil justified himself, saying, That he had left such memory behind him in the world, as his name ought to be exalted and celebrated for his own worth, not for the gallantry of a horse. Of former years the Prizes were readi∣ly, and without any ceremony given to those that won them, by the Go∣vernor of Parnassus, and by the Urban Pretor; but this year Apollo would give them with his own hands: Wherefore he caused it to be intimated to all the Potentates that were in Parnassus, by the publick Parators, that they should appear in the Royal Hall, that they might be present at so im∣portant a ceremony: It seemed a great novelty to those Princes, to hear that his Majesty would have those Princes who were summoned only up∣on weighty occasions, assist at an action which in former years was thought but mean. Yet his Majesties commands being upon pain of punishment, they all appeared. Then Apollo said, I know, my Lords, that you very

much wonder why I my self should now do that with so much solemnity, w^ch formerly was performed by my Officers without any manner of cere∣mony: But because not only all your happiness, but even all the greatest satisfaction which the the people over whom you command, does depend on this sole action; for your own advantage I would have you present at it. Learn then of me, all you Rulers of the earth, to banish all privat passions from out your hearts; and in rewarding those that serve you, govern your selves by their deserts, not by your own humors, and giving (as you see me do now) the prize of dignities, and reward of honours to those who by their honorable and laborious course of life have deserved them, you and your posterity will reigne happily for ever: When by doing otherwise, you will dishonour your selves, ruine your States, and of great Princes, which now you are, you wil in time run evident danger of becoming privat foot Souldiers, only for that you would be inamored of stinking carrion.

The XXXII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Militia of Ianisaries, seeing one of their Souldiers ill re∣warded, mutiny in the Ottoman Monarchy, and are by A∣pollo quieted.

TO the great terror of all the Potentates of this State of Parnassus in the Ottaman Quarter such an uproar arose, as Alarms were given throughout the whole City; and that potent Signory presently drew forth her numerous Armies, and as if she would come to a general battle, she ordered them in divers squadrons; wherefore the Germans, Spani∣ards, and Princes of Italy, growing very jealous, took up arms also, and sent out their Scouts to learn the reason of those rumors; who brought back word, that the whole Militia of Janisaries were mutinied against the Ottaman Monarchy. Apollo, who was presently advertised thereof by the Pretorian Bands of Satirical Poets who keep Corps de Gard continu∣ally in Foro Delfico, caused the uprore to be quieted, and then gave com∣mand that the Ottaman Monarchy, and the chief Commanders of the Ja∣nisaries who had mutinied, should appear before him: And because the Ottaman Monarchy, as also the Janisaries would present themselves before Apollo, accompanied by multitudes of men, they were told by the Lyrick Poets, who supply the place of Porters, that in such occasion of tumults, people came modestly attended to Princes; wherefore the Ottaman Mo∣narchy with his chief Visier, and the Gianasary who had been the occasi∣on of this uprore, without any other company, were admitted unto his Majesties Audience. Apollo demanded of the Janisary the true cause of that Tumult? Who answered, That he, accompanied by a Spahi, with evident danger of losing their lives, had taken by surprise the important Town of Testis in Persia: for which action, which was of infinite advan∣tage to the Ottaman Empire, the Spahi was largely rewarded by being made Captain General of the Asian Cavallery, and that he who had me∣rited

as much, as the Spahi was so ingratefully dealt withall, as he was on∣ly made Spahi della Porta; which fowle partiallity was so much detested by the whole Militia of Janiaries, as they had joyntly taken up Arms to revenge so great an injury. Apollo having heard this, turned to the Otta∣man Monarchy, and told her that he much wondred why such a Princesse as she who professed to recompence the worth and merit of her souldiers with infinite rewards, had shewed her self so partial towards that Janisary. To which the Ottaman Monarchy answered, that she had not so highly rewarded the Janisary as he had done the Spahi (though he very well knew it became him so to have done) out of an important reason, that it was well known to all men, that she took the young sons of her Christian Subjects, whereof he made three choices; making such as were of best natural parts, a Seminary of youths, who when they came to years of be∣ing imployed, they were placed in several services of the Chamber, and about the very person of the Ottaman Emperors; and to these, when they came to more mature years, the Government of Provinces was gi∣ven, the care of Armies, and the absolute command of his greatest Empire. That out of the second choice he made his mighty Horse-Militia, and his Gentil husmini della Porta, called Spahi. And out of the third, which was the refuge, and those of weakest natural parts, he formed his formi∣dable Militia of Janisaries. And if it should so fall out, that a Spahi should by his worth exceed the expectation which was had of him (as was seen in the Spahi who had surprised the Fort of Testis), he was admitted into the first rank; but if it should happen that any extraordinary worth should be found in a Janisary, by which he might have done some act of much merit, yet they were never raised to any higher degree by the Otta∣man Emperors, than to the degree of Spahi. And that the reason of this his resolution was ready; for that the first Seminary of Bassaes, as also the second of the Spahi, and the third of the Janisaries, every one of them a∣bundantly loving the brethren of their own Classis, to give the command of Armies, or Government of Provinces to men of the first or second Sera∣glio, who were very few in comparison of the Janisarie Militia, was no waies dangerous; but that to intrust places of jelousie in the hands of a Captain, or other Officer, who was come out of the Janisarian body, would be an indiscreet and dangerous advice, by reason of the great retinue of so dreadfull a Militia that such a Subject would have: And so much the more, for that whereas the Bassa's and Spahi's being men highly minded, and who do not willingly subject themselves to their equals, live continu∣ally in strife, jelousies, and emulation, by reason of their pretences to the same preferments; whereas the Janisaries, as being an ignorant sort of people, did not only live in greater union, but would greatly admire, love, and even adore those who by their extraordinary worth, were got out of their Classis. That therefore, to advance one to the Supream power of a General, who would be followed and beloved by so mighty a Militia, would be no better then to nurse up a serpent in ones bosom, which did misbecome a wise Prince to do. And that the Ottaman Empe∣rors held it for an infallible maxim in Policy. That that Militia on which the perpetuity, greatness and selicity of an Empire was grounded, should be commanded in chief by a foreiner; who would be obeyed by the Army, or rather out of the reverence which the Souldiers bear unto their Prince, then for any merit, Valor, Nobility, or attendance they should find in the

reiner. When Apollo had heard this justification made by the Otta∣man Empire, he did so much admire her wisdom, as he commanded that Janisary to be quiet: And turning to some Vertuosi that stood by, and said, that without reading wicked Bodine, or mischievous Machiavil, he found who was a perfect Polititian; since such barbarous Princes, and who profess utter enmity to Learning; were the Kings of men, in the ex∣act understanding how to govern the world, and in the exquisite practice of the best State-Reason.

The XXXIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo frees Carlo Sigonio, and Dionigi Atanigi, the first being accused of Ingratitude by Pietro Vittorio, and the other by Hannibal Caro.

VVHilst Apollo sate this morning in the Tribunal of Gratitude, in the company of the other Judges, Carlo Sigonio, a Learned No∣ble man of Modena, was brought before his Majestie by the Keepers of the Prison, fast bound; whom Piero Vittorio a Florentine, complained against bitterly, for that this Sigonio being seased on by the Sargeants, who were carrying him to prison for a debt of a thousand Duckets which he ought to Paulo Manutio, he, to keep his friend from suffering such an affront, and from the prejudice of long imprisonment, had with such libe∣rality, as was more then he could well do, disburst the thousand Duckets to Manutio, which having afterwards re-demanded of Sigonio, he had set several times for the payment of it, but Sigonio still broke his word, so as finding himself at last abused, he was inforced much against his will, to imprison him; and that seeing his former friendship strengthened by so great a courtesie, was turned into hatred, he was much grieved that Sigo∣nio in so just a cause should so often falcifie his promise; he therefore de∣sired, that as an unacknowledging and ungratefull man, he might receive condign punishment, according to the Laws of Gratitude.

Apollo did so little value Vittorio's Impeachment, as openly taking up∣on him Sigonios protection, he said that they broke their words who did not fulfil such things as were in their power to do; but as for the promise of paying of monies upon a prefixt day, they were only to blame, who coyning monies by the malignity of a lying intention, and not by the meer want of coyne, did not make good their promise. Then turning to Vittorio, he said, that such a one as he ought to consider, that the cour∣tesie he had done to Sigonio, was one of those whereof the obligation of Gratitude was lost, when all that was rigorously exacted, which was known to be deserved by a friend: For such courtesies as did exceed the condi∣tion of the receiver, were done by the Vertuosi, only to discover their magnanimous liberal mind, and only the more to oblige a man: and that great good turns done to such friends as were of ability, were sufficiently

rewarded by purchase of the fame of being Bountifull and Liberal.

As Apollo had ended this cause, the Impeachment was heard which the Commendador Hannibal Caro made against Dionigi Atonigi, wherein it was alleadged, That when Mario Molza died for having had to do with too many women, he left a little daughter of his to his custody, which when she came to be sixteen years old, he gave to wife to Atonigi with a Porti∣on of 40000 Crowns: In which resolution, the violence of his affection to Atonigi, had overcome the consideration of his beggerly estate, which ought to have kept him from making that alliance. And that A∣tonigi being thus well dealt withall by his dear friend, was not ashamed in recompence of so great a good turn, to acknowledge it by the beggerly gift of a douzen shirts, and four hand-towels: And that after so great in∣gratitude, the very marriage day he had very discourteously forbidden him his house; he then added with tears in his eies, that he having bred up that young woman as if she had been his own beloved daughter, she likewise loved him as if he had been her father, and that to see himself deprived of her so dearly prized conversation, was the thing of the world that did most torment him. Apollo answered Caro, That doubtlesly A∣tonigi had done amiss; and therefore commanded, that to compleat the gift of twelve shirts, and four hand-towels, he should immediately add a douzen handkerchifs, and eight night-caps, with which demonstrati∣on of gratefulness, Caro should think himself well rewarded by Atonigi. When Caro heard this judgement given by Apollo, he was not only (as it became him to have been) not appeased, but growing very outragious, he freely said, That in this discourteous act of Atonigi, Tacitus his Sen∣tence was proved very true upon himself, That, Benificiaeo usque laeta sunt, dum videntur exolviposse, ubi multum antevenere, pro gratia odi∣um redditur. Tacit. lib. 4: Ann.

Benefits are so long welcom, as there is any appearance of a possibility of repayment, which when it is much exceeded, hatred is repaid instead of love.

Apollo hearing this, answered Caro somewhat angerly, That Tacitus his Sentence was very true, but very badly understood by him, and by many others: For great benefits were usually seen to berepaid with infinite in∣gratitude, more through the impertinency of the Benifactor in exacting Gratitunde of anothers Obligation, then through the discourtesie of the receiver. Then growing more incenst, his Majestie said to Caro, Do not you know, Signor Hanibal, that the extraordinary affection which Guardians bear their women-Wards, when they are once grown into their teens, is usually turned into libidinous love? And are you one of those special Officers, whereof I have known divers, That for having helpt a friend to a rich wife, will be paid for their good turn, by a nights lodging with the Bride? And in so many years as you have lived in the well pollisht Court of Rome, have not you learnt, that as well wives, as Principalities, cannot be given to a friend, with intension of reserving the use of them to ones self, without running apparent danger of having the difference decided by the sword? Then Apollo said thus to Atonigi; My beloved Dionigi, injoy thy dear wife in peace and quiet; and if Caro shall at any time tax thee of ingratitude, call you him Impertinent, and so you shall give him his due name.

The XXXIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Publius Terentius being by order from Giasone dol Maino, an Urban Pretor, charged with Fornication; is by Apollo freed, with much derision to the Pretor.

PUblius Terentius lives in a little, but very well accommodated house in the quarters of the Commick Poets attended only by his maid-servant Bacchide, and Davus his man-servant. And though Bacchide in the flowre of her age was very handsom, and a great friend of Terentius, & of many other Commick Poets, yet now being very old, and therefore somewhat de∣form'd, she lives modestly, and without any scandal, in Terentius his house, and without offence unto the neighbours. But some ten daies since, Giasone Mayno a Modern Pretor of Urban, commanded Terentius upon a certain penalty, That he should put Bacchide out of his house, and so free himself from the shame of keeping a publick Concubin. Te∣rentius did not only not obey this command, but refused to pay the a∣mercement; wherefore the Pretor gave order for arresting his body, and he was yesterday taken; whereat Apollo was so highly offended, as he said in publick, that even in Parnassus the wicked abuse was brought in, by his rather malitious then ignorant Officers, of being quick-sighted in ap∣pearance; but blind in the substance of affairs. Wherefore giving order that Terentius should be forthwith set at liberty, he caused Giasone, to the infinite shame of so great a Lawyer, to be cast into the same Prison; and did not only publickly disgrace him, by taking from him the place of Pretor, but did exceedingly grieve him by substituting Philippo Decio in his place, who was his capital enemy. And Decio being gone yester∣day to Apollo, to receive the Mace and Tipstaff, the particular ensignes of the Pretorian Dignity, his Majestie told him, that he might learn that by Giasons punishment, that good Judges, who in the admini∣stration of Justice, did mind more the pleasing of God, then making merry with men, the Alessi were first driven out of the dores of respected Poets, and then the Bacchidi.

The XXXV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Publick Audience is given by Apollo, wherein by wise Answers, he decides many Affairs of his Vertuosi.

THe contentment of Princes who love to see their people well satis∣fied, consisting chiefly in the often hearing all mens grievances; A∣pollo, to boot with his other often Audiences, gives publick Audience e∣very Thursday in his great Hall, attended by his Senats, Collaterals, and full Parliaments of this Court. And because that therein vertuous reso∣lutions are had, and such as are worthy to be known by those who living far from this State, have the curiosity to hear news from Parnassus; Me∣nante, who was present at the last Audience, expresly that he might sa∣tisfie his Customers, will now give you a true relation of all the chief things that hapned there.

The first who addrest themselves to Apollo in this Audience, were two honourable Ambassadors, who told his Majestie that they were sent from mankind, who weary of the necessity they were in, of eating every morning and evening, did much bewail, that human Wit, so highly indu∣ed, and capable of understanding and knowing all things, who together with their mothers milk, did drink in the unexplicable curiosity of still Learning, should notwithstanding be wholly busied in fordid occupation of cultivating the earth, and in other painfull exercises, only to provide food for himself, as bruit beasts do; that therefore they were sent to his Majestie to ask councel, whether mankind should do well to beg of Gods Divine Majestie that he would be pleased to grant men the benefit of li∣ving long without meat, as he had done to Dormise, Snakes, Bears, and otheir Animals. A thing which they desired, only to the end that they might with a fasting mind or stomack, which doth so much better the o∣perations of the Intellect, apply themselves to the study of all those Sci∣ences which belonged properly to men.

This request which was thought to be very honorable, and full of ver∣tuous zeal, by all that heard it, was much derided by Apollo; who answer∣ed the Ambassadors, That those who through strange conceits, and extra∣vagant novelties, thought to new mould the world, did alwaies fancy un∣to themselves ridiculous things. And then he asked the Ambassadors what obligation the earch had to so great a God. The Ambassadors an∣swered, she was bound to propuce green grass and plants. Apollo reply'd, If it were so, Why, for the space of 6000 years and more, that the earth had absolutely obeyed the will of her Creator, were there no Woods seen but on Mountains and in desert places? The Ambassadors said, this was because men for their plowing (which was the sustenance of mans life) did with their Axes cut down the Woods in such places as were aft to bear Corn. Apollo asked them then again, To what case the world would be reduced, if husbandmen had not weeded and purged it of such superfluous plants as the earth produced? The Ambassadors answered, That then

doubtless the world would be so overgrown with wood, as it would be uninhabitable. Apollo asked once more, whether they did believe that men did busie themselves in cutting down of Woods, rather out of a desire that free commerce might be had among Nations, or that they might reap the abundance of fruit which the earth produced, being sown and planted by mans industry?

To this the Ambassadors reply'd, That the great abundance of pleasant Products which by mans industry the earth brought forth, made the no∣ble Art of Husbandry appear not painfull, but full of delight. The Am∣bassadors having clearly learnt by this Answer, and by the precedent In∣terrogatives made by Apollo, That if men did neither eat nor drink, the world would be so ful of Woods and Forrests, as it would rather be a fitting habitations for Bears, Wolves, and other wild Beasts, then for men, de∣parted the audience much confused.

They being gone, Menenius Agrippa came to Apollo, and told him, That he having happily ended the important and difficult business of making peace between the Senat of Rome, and the common people, who being distasted, had withdrawn themselves into the Aventine Mountain; That he might purcase more Grace from his Majesty, and a more hono∣rable place in Parnassus, he acquainted him now, that he had bethought himself of another handsom story; by which he hoped to agree the great disunion between the Hollanders and the Spaniard. Apollo laught to hear this, and answered Menenius. That mens humors were so alter'd in process of time, and that hatred was grounded so inveteraly in them, as not only rediculous tales were not able to appease those obstinate peo∣ple, nor make them lay down their perfidiousness which they proposed unto themselves when first they rebel'd, of purchasing their Liberty at the price of bloud, or else to die in the quarrel: but neither were the sad Tragedies able to effect it, which to that purpose had been represent∣ed upon the Scene of the Low-Countries by the Spaniards, for above the space of fifty years.

Menenio being departed with this little satisfaction; Paolo Vitelli, that famous conductor of the State of Florence, appeared with his head cut off (a most horrid spectacle) in the Audience; who complained bit∣terly of that Republick, for that in a precipitous-manner, without any confession made by himself, or any of his friends (who were imprisoned for his sake) which did any waies prejudice his innocency, he out of slight suspitions, and not being suffered to speak for himself, had his head struck off in Florence the very next morning after his imprisonment: And that the Judgement was hastned, not for that the importancy of the fact was such as could brook no delay; but to hinder the intercession of great Princes, who would have moved to assist him. Apollo seemed much to abhor that Judgement; and because he greatly loved, and admired the worth of that Military man, he desired the Judges that they would give their opinions in the case. Who when they had heard the relation of the process, gave sentence for Vitelli's innocency: Wherefore Apollo by publick decree did restore Vitelli to his former ancient reputation. Paolo thanked his Majesty, and very humbly beseeched him, that for his satis∣faction, and to keep other Commonwealths from giving such precipitous Judgements, he would be pleased to shew some rigorous rescentment a∣gainst the Florentines. Apollo wisht Vitelli to be quiet, for that his son

Alessandro making use of the fair occasion which fell into his hands after the death of Duke Alexander, had so revenged his fathers death, as had infinitely surpassed all the tearms of the Guardian-ship, for which he was impeached.

As soon as Apollo had given satisfaction to Vitelli, Carmagnuolo, a fa∣mous Venetian Captain, who had likewise been beheaded, complained bitterly before his Majesty against the State of Venice, who out of vain suspitions had unjustly taken off his head: And then he delivered his Pro∣cess and his Sentence into Apollo's hands. Apollo, without either recei∣ving or perusing the process, willed Carmagnuolo to rest content, for no Review, nor yet appeal was allowed of, from any sentence maturely given by an Aristocratical Senat (as was that of Venice) out of the great pre∣sumption he had of her exact administration of Justice.

Carmagnuolo being gon from the audience, an African (to the wonder of every one) was seen to enter the Hall, leading in his hand a lusty Lyon, by a little chain, which Lyon was so very tame, as it fawn'd upon its Master like a little whelp. This man presenting himself before Apollo, in the name of Hanibal the Carthaginian, gave him that Lyon, which his Maje∣sty was very well pleased withall; who asked the African what art he had used to tame, so fierce, ravenous, jealous, and cruel a Beast? The Afri∣can answered, By feeding him continually with his own hand. Apollo turned then towards the Princes, who for the honour of that Audience, were there in great numbers, and said unto them, Learn, Lords, by the miracle of this Lyon which you see is become so tame, that fair treat∣ment doth domestichize even savage beasts; doe you the like by your Subjects, and make them not come hardly by their food, through your angersom Taxes upon things necessary for human life; for by so doing, you shall not be beloved, served, and honoured by your own natural Sub∣jects only, but even by the most Forrein and Barbarous Nations of the earth.

This being said, two armed foot-Souldiers appeared in the Audience, who when they had presented his Majesty with their credential Letters, told him, that they having forsaken their Country, wives, children, and means, to serve Princes, without any respect to their own lives; that whilst they bore arms in the most remote Wars, by vertue of the not only cruel, but inhuman Military Laws, they were cruelly slain, hung up upon trees, shot to death, by their Superiors, even for the smallest faults. And that through the unheard of cruelty of Modern Commanders, the anci∣ent punishment for shaping out of their quarters, of having their share of provant in Barley, and other less severe executions, being now no longer in use, every least misdemeanor, were it but of omission, was punisht with death; and not he who understood, or knew most, was thought the best Judge in the Camp, but he who was most resolute in executing cruelty; and that the inhumanity of Military Laws was grown so great, as the cir∣cumspection, equity, and consideration which they ought to have who judge not beasts, but men, was esteemed poorness of spirit, and idle folly. That therefore the universality of Souldiers so sorely afflicted, did humbly beseech his Majesty, that he would be pleased to order the moderation of so inhuman Laws. There was not any one in the Audience, how severe soever, who was not mov'd to hear the barbarity of these Military Laws: Only Apollo shewed no compunction, but with an angry countenance,

thus answered those souldiers; Who forceth you to forgo your own homes, and to change the wholsom human Laws under which you are born, with those severe ones which are practised in War? He who falls down of himself, deserves not to be raised up, nor is there any mercy to be hoped for from one who is so very cruel to himself.

This request having received its answer, much to the delight of all the Vertuosi that were at the Audience, the famous Printers appeared be∣fore. Apollo, namely, Sebastian Grifo, Guilielmo Ruell of Lyons, Christo∣fano Plautino of Antwerp, the Giunti of Florence, Giolito, Valgresi, and many others from Venice; and amongst these the learned Aldo Manutio did not disdain to make one, who in the name of all his fellows, told A∣pollo; That of all Modern Inventions found out by the wit of man, he thought the precedency ought to be given to the Press, both for the use and admirable felicity thereof: A benefit, which had the ancient Litte∣rati had, they would not have so lamented the burning of former Libra∣ries; and that now the Press had not only for ever secured the past and present labours of the Vertuosi, but had made the way to Learning much more easie; and that his Majesties State wanting so excellent an invention, if he should so please, they would for the publick good, bring it upon their own cost and charges, into Parnassus. Apollo absolutely re∣fused that offer, and said, That men praised the Art of Printing upon very indiscreet grounds; for it was that that had infinitely obscured the glory of the Liberal Sciences: For having made Libraries more nume∣rous then good, they were admired only by the ignorant; and that when with infinite labour, the writings of other men were copyed out by the pen, such as deserved not to pass through the hands of his Litterati, they and their shame died in the house of their unfortunate Author: where∣as now so great abundance of foolish and ignorant volumes were printed, as that Libraries were shamefully cram'd with them, to the little reputa∣tion of the Liberal Sciences, and of his Litterati; and that by the reason of the unexhausted store which were printed of the learned labours of the Vertuosi, the Homers, Virgils, Ciceros divine and painfull labours, which for the miracle of their wits, ought to be shewn to men only upon some particular daies of the year, were polluted by flies and moths in every Book binders shop: That therefore they might be gon when they pleas∣ed, for he would by no means admit of the break-neck of the too ambi∣tious Litterati into Parnassus.

Presently after this, Seneca the Moralist appeared before his Majestie, who had caused his cruel enemy Publio Suilio to be personally cited be∣fore that Audience; and rather in rage then anger, complained of certain injurious words which that man had spoken to the prejudice of his repu∣tation; wherefore he pressed that he might be punished as a slanderer. Apollo commanded Suilio to repeat the words by which Seneca took him∣self to be so highly injured. Suilio confest ingeniously, that moved thereunto rather out of truth, then any privat hatred, upon a certain occa∣sion which arose, he had reproached Seneca with these words used by him, Qua sapientia, Quibus Philosophorum preceptis; intra quadrienium regia amicitiae, ter millies sestertium paravisset? Romae testamenta, & orbos ve∣lut Indagine ejus capi. Italiam & Provincias, immenso fenore hauriri. Tacit. lib. 13. Annall.

Seneca perceiving that Apollo was very much scandalized at the exces∣sive

getting of seven millions and a half of monies in so short a time, told Apollo, the world knew his wealth, though it were very great, proceeded not from any greedy desire he had of riches, but from Neros meer libera∣lity. Apollo, who did not approve of Senecas excuse, said freely to him, That the floud of that his immence wealth, which was very shamefull in such a Philosoper as he was, especially when gotten in the twinkling of an eye, must of necessity have received troubled waters from the torrents of fowl industry. To which Seneca answered, That his condition was not to be considered according to Suilios rotten tongue, which was so ac∣customed to lying, as he lived only by the infamous practice of slander and back-biting, but by the so much praised and admired writings which he had published. Suilio finding himself thus bitterly offended by Sene∣ca, answered boldly, that it was not the pen which exactly shew'd what men were, but the leading of their lives: For works, not words, were the true touchstone whereby to know the true allay of mens genius. Seneca being about to reply, Apollo, who was nauseated by that hatefull diffe∣rence, turned towards him, and bad him say no more; for great riches gotten by any whosoever in a short time, brought but little of reputation with them, and that it behooved of necessity, that to the sweet of so rich treasure, the sowre of publick mumurs should be added. At last, fetching a deep sigh from the bottom of his heart, Apollo said, I heartily wish, O Seneca, that either thou hadst never been born, or that thou hadst not left the seed of so many punctual followers of thy behaviour. Seneca quitted the Audience with this but smally satisfactory resolution. When the two Noble Princesses, the Roman Lucrece, and Katherin Sforza, bow∣ed to Apollo, to whom Lucretia (to whose share it fell to speak first) said, That by witness of all Historians who had written the affairs of Rome, the fowle outrage which Tarquin the proud had done her, having been the only powerfull cause why the Kingdom of Rome was turned into so fa∣mous a Commonwealth, and which was so much celebrated throughout the world, she had not notwithstanding obtained so honourable a place in Parnassus as she thought she deserved, and which in the opinion of all the Vertuosi, was due unto her: And that Helen of Greece, who compared to her, had been the occasion of but trivial novelties, had obtained a much higher place. She therefore desired, that if his Majestie should think she had suffered wrong, she might be righted. Apollo answered Lucretia, That the change of the Roman servitude into Liberty, and the driving of the Tarquins out of Rome, was attributed to the outrage done to her, by those only who understood but little of the worlds affairs; but that those who saw further into State-affairs, knew very well, that the Tarquins lost so famous a Kingdom, when by their bad comportments they made themselves so hatefull to the Plebeians, on whose good will their greatness was grounded; for it was hard to bring such a Kingdom as was that of the Romans (which by reason of the infinite priviledges it enjoyed, might be said to live in a sort of Liberty) to receive total bondage, without openly provoking the enmity of the Senat, and of the whole Roman Nobility, which were by natural instinct given to be very desirous of Liberty, and consequently very jealous of their Countries Priviledges. That there∣fore the Tarquins, though undergoing some indignities, ought tenacious∣ly to have endeavored the not losing the affection of the people of Rome, which was that which did not only maintain them in power, but which

might have setled them in a perfect Monarchy: which leaning-stock, when through their ignorance they lost, they gave a fitting occasion for the Nobility to joyn upon any the least accident which might occur with the common people, and to take up arms aaainst them, just as it fell out by the outrage which they had committed against her. He further told Lucretia, that if she should obtain from him the Place in Parnassus which she desired, she would only have taught people the trivial document, that Princes in their lust ought above all things, to avoid the staining the bloud of their great ones; but that being in the place she was in, she clearly proved that important Politick Precept, That when a Prince knows not how to keep the Nobility and common sort of people divided, and hath not wit enough to make either the one or the other of them greatly par∣tial to himself, but through ignorance makes both of them his enemies; it is as easie to drive him out of his Dominions, as it is to throw down an Oak, how great soever, whose roots are first cut away.

With this answer Lucretia was dismist the Audience, when Catherin Sforsa, Princess of Imola and Forli, told his Majestie, that her husband being cruelly murthered by the conspiracy of some of her disloyal Sub∣jects, and the Castle holding out for her, she, to the end that both her State and her own person might not fall into her enemies power, made them believe that she would deliver up the Castle to them, if they would permit her to go thereinto, that so she might make her Souldiers give way to the surrendring of it, and that for their security, she would deliver up her little children as Hostages unto them; and that when she was got into the Castle, she from off the Walls threatned the Conspirators with condign punishment for the wickedness they had committed: Where∣fore the Conspirators seeing themselves thus deceived, protested openly, That unless she would deliver up the Castle unto them, they would cut her children in pieces before her face: That she was not at all astonished at these their horrid threats, but plucking up her clothes, and shewing them her privacies, she bad them do what they would with her children, for she had still the mould to cast others in. For which her resolution, she was highly commended by all Historians. She desired that Apollo would poynt out for her what place he should best please, in Parnassus.

The Judges differed much in their opinions concerning this demand; some of them thought it to be an act of shameless and affronted impuden∣cy. But Apollo affirming, that to keep still within the terms of modesty, was the duty of privat women, said that Princesses who were descended of high and Noble bloud, upon any weighty occasions which should occur unto them, were bound to shew manliness. The vote given by Cino of Pistoia upon this occasion, is not to be past over in silence, who said; That that place was worthy to be seen by all men, out of which was come that famous Champion Iovanni d' Medici, Father to that great Cosmo, who having been the happy Founder of the flourishing Tuscan Monar∣chy, from which Italy now receives so great splendor and ornament, hath deserved immortal fame and glory throughout all ages.

Katherin Sforza having obtained the favor she desired, a Court-Nota∣ry drew near to Apollo, who acquainted his Majestie, that Giovan Pico, Count of Mirandola, that Phenix of all Sciences, and only ornament of all vertue being some few daies sithence departed this life, had by his last Will and Testament, left a Legacy of threescore and ten thousand Crowns,

to be disposed of to some such pious use as his Majesty should please to appoint.

Apollo being told this, forthwith commanded that an Hospital for the incureable, should be built with those monies, where all diligent care and charity should be used for the cure of such as were sick of Ambition, an infirmity from which those that were affected with it, could never free themselves, Licineo Mecenate, the delight of that State, whose house is a secure haven for all the Vertuosi, and a sanctuary for the Litterati, said then, that he by the disposal of his whole Patrimony amongst the Ver∣tuosi, having deserved the Prerogative that all such as use any extraordi∣nary liberality towards the Litterati, should be called Mecenati, was much grieved that his name should be irregularly and lavishly used, by mean and hunger-starv'd foolish Scholars, for some little reward which they might receive from Princes.

Apollo was much troubled at Mecenates complaint, and to the end that that glorious Title might be perpetually maintained in its due decorum, he decreed that for the time to come, no man under the pain of infamy, should presume to give the honorable title of Mecenas to any Prince, from whom he had not formerly received costly and curious food and ray∣ment during life.

Then great Tamberlan the Scythian appeared before Apollo, in so great pomp, as gave much delight to all the Audience, who were likewise very much pleased with the novelty of his phantastical face and habit. This truely singular man who had the vain glory to be called the Emperor of the East, having (according to the custom of his Nation) only bowed his head a little to Apollo by way of salute, said, That he who by his worth had raised himself from the mean condition of a shepheard, to such a greatness, as to have formed a vast Empire, and to be the man alone, who of all the Princes of the Universe, had discomfeited the numerous Ottaman Armies in open field, and taken the Prince of so dreadful an Empire prisoner, to the end that he might obtain a fitting place in Parnassus, was not satisfied, but rather thought himself much injured by finding himself placed in the Clas∣sis of famous Commanders, and not in that (which he thought he had ve∣ry well deserved to be) of Founders of great Kingdoms, wherein he found Romulus, Caesar, Pharamond, Ottaman, and many others placed. Apollo answered Tamberlan, That great difference being put in Parnassus, be∣tween overrunning a number of great Kingdoms with numerous forces, and the founding of an Empire, he did ill to pretend to the place of Foun∣ders of Monarchies, which was only granted to such, who to the worth of knowing how to purchase, had the singular wisdom joyned, of knowing how to maintain. For the gallantry of many Souldiers shared in acqui∣sitions, but the safe preserving of what was got, shewed the exquisite wis∣dom of one only Prince; and that the Prerogative of Founders of King∣doms was only granted in Parnassus to such, who had so well joyned the Vertue of Maintaining, to the Valor of Archieving, as they had so well ordered and established the States which they had won, as to transmit them happily over to the third Heir. A thing which had been so lit∣tle observed by him, as even his own immediate sons could not keep the States which he had won at the expence of so much bloud; and that ac∣cording to Tacitus his Precept, neither Prince, nor any privat Captain, who would win the fame of being wise and advised in the mannaging of

Arms, ought Nova moliri, nisi prioribus firmatis: attempt new things, unless they had setled former: for he, Longinquis itineribus percursando, quae conservari nequibant; following after what was not to be kept, had imitated those base smel-feasts, who eating more then they could well digest, were with shame compelled to cast up what they had eaten. And that though Alexander the Great, at his first entrance into Parnassus, had extraordinarily affected the same Prerogative of a Founder of new Mo∣narchies; yet by reason of his indiscreet way of warfaring in Asia (which he rather overrun as a ringleader of robbers, then subjugating as a great King, by the true rules of Military Art) he could not obtain it.

Tamberlan went much afflicted from the Audience, when Alexander Vellutelli appeared before Apollo, who presented his Majestie with his Commentary upon Petrarks Sonnets. Apollo, before he would take the Book, asked Vellutello what stile he had used in commenting upon the rhimes of that excellent Poet. And Vellutello answering, That first he endeavored to shew the occasion why the Sonnet was made, and that af∣terwards he gave the true signification of the words, and made known the Poets conceit; Apollo bad him keep his Commentaries to himself; for, for his part he loved those Commentators upon Poets, which discovered unto the Reader the Authors subtilty in weaving of his Poem; who shew∣ed wherein the excellency of his Verse lay, which were his flourishes, which his Figures, and which the other Poetical beauties; and that the Italian Poems were so perspicuous of themselves, as they needed not any such Commentators, who supplyed only the base Office of interpreting words to gross and ignorant people.

Vellutello received this very small satisfaction from Apollo, when a certain Personage appeared before his Majestie, who told him, That he having commanded the famous Province of Pamphillia, had willingly given over his command, meerly out of a desire of living retiredly; wherefore he de∣sired that the same place might be alloted to him in Parnassus, which those Vertuosi enjoy, who have proved by their actions, that they are Masters of that excellent Vertue of Moderation. Apollo answered this man, That Kingdoms are sometimes renounced by vertue of a soul inamor'd of that felicity which men enjoy in a vertuous privat life; oft-times to satis∣fie sons who are arived at years fitting to rule people, and sometimes to shun the tumults of rebellion, or out of fear of some potent Enemy, and not seldom through unaptness for government; wherefore he would be informed what was fitting to be done in this weighty business, by ex∣aminers deputed to the like affairs; who if they should find that he had done so gallant an action, and which is so strongly withstood by Humane nature, as to relinquish a Kingdom, mearly out of a well disposed mind, he would willingly grant him a sublime place amongst those other Demi∣gods, who had preferred the peace of a private life, before the hazards of reigning; and he should be the more content to do this, for that the exe∣crable ambition of reigning was so disproportionably now increased a∣mongst men, as that to come by Kingdoms, they did not onely gladly imbrace any whatsoever wicked enterprizes, but all means which were used to compass so abominable ends, were by men esteemed to be good and vertuous, though they were infinitely wicked and inhumane; that if they should find he had renounced Government, either to please his Chil∣dren, grown already fit for rule; or that he might see the succession of his

Empire settled in his blood during his own life, he would give him an honourable place amongst those prudent Princes, who by quickly giving over their States to their children, have known how to shun coming to some woful end with them, who were become impatient of living a private life: But if it should be found, that being under the great weight of Government, wherein men ought to shew the greatest worth, he had renounced his Kingdom out of poorness of spirit, incapable of such greatness, he might then return back again: For the true mo∣deration of the soul being seen in gallantly undergoing cases of adver∣sity, not in losing a mans self in prosperity, his Parnassus was very un∣like those wicked times of Nero. Quibus inertia pro sapientia suit. Tacit. vitae Agricoll: when slothfulness was taken for wisdom.

Presently after the Duke of Rhodes, a man not well thought of in this State, by reason of his apparent foul vices, came to Apollo, to whom he grievously complained of the lewd life that his people led; for he said, That Gluttony, Lust, Implacable Enmity, by which his Subjects made the streets run with humane blood, did very much reign in his State; and that the moneys which they ought to spend vertuously in feeding their families, they viciously threw them away at dice, the ve∣ry seminary of contention; and such severe punishments as keep men from doing ill in other places, not proving any ways valid for the cure of so great an infirmity in his state, he humbly beseeched his Majestie for some opportune remedy to this his so great necessity. Apollo answered the Duke, That it being impossible but that people should be their Princes Apes, he might compass his desired end, when abandoning the Idleness, lust, play, and bloody customs, to which he was so greatly given, he would amend his own ways; for the best Bezar to cure the members of a languishing body, was to be applyed to the ill-affected head, it not being possible but that a Prince, who himself lives devilish∣ly, should have worse Devils then himself to his Subjects.

This Prince being gone, a young Stoick, of appearing civil behaviour, complained grievously to Apollo, That whilst being yet but a novice, he was, without any reason, expelled the house wherein he had much de∣sired to spend all his days. Apollo inquired of Epictetus, who was there present, wherefore the Stoicks of his sect had dismist that young novice. Epictetus answered, Because for six moneths space that that young man had been a novice, not the least imperfection could be found in him, though all his proceedings had been narrowly pryed into by many of his sect. Apollo hearing this, seemed much to abhor the nature of that young man (who appeared to the whole Audience to be very modest and well composed) and said, That he must certainly have devilish vices hid within him, who had not the excellent vertue of dis∣covering some of those imperfections, which all men that were made of flesh did so abound in the very first day of their conversation with other men.

Thus was the young Stoick dismist when Giacomo 〈◊〉〈◊〉 came in a great heat into the hall, and told Apollo, That being sent for by the Genoeses to write the story of their Countrey, he was persecuted by them, and accused of viciousness, and at once lost both his life and his reputation, onely for that some of them found him resolute to obey the truth in things that were past, with that liberty which becomes 〈◊〉〈◊〉

Historian, without respect of persons. Apollo, contrary to the belief of all men, did not onely seem not any ways to compassionate what had be•…•…en this his Vertuoso▪ but in a resenting manner told Buonfadio, that though the fault for which he was proceeded against was false, yet he had deserved to be treated as he had been by the Genoeses, for his foul indiscretion. For to profess that a man will write things prejudicial to the honour of great parsonages, whilst they and their children are alive, though the things he write be true, was rather an act of imprudency and rashness, then of an incorrupted mind, that greatly loves truth; and that he was a greater fool who believed he could save his life from the anger of a powerful man, whose reputation he had asperst with his pen, though but slightly, much more if he should wholly dishonour him; and that Historians might do very wisely to imitate Grape-gatherers, and others, who had skill in fruits, who knowing they stould not please men if plucking unripe grapes from the vines, and green apples from apple∣trees, they should bring them to the Market, had that requisite patience (which would likewise very well become Historians) to stay till time might bring things to perfection; and that the great master of wise Historians, Tacitus, when in his writings he mentioned those great Sena∣tors who Tiberio regnante penam vell Infamiam subire, who underwent punishment or disgrace in Tiberius his reign, when they had any posterity living, wisely took his pen from off his paper, chusing rather to erre a∣gainst the Laws of History, then to prejudice the reputation of such fa∣milies, who were known to value nothing so much as their honour; for that singular man thought it to be a thing of too eminent danger to an Historian, Nimis ex propinquo diversa arguere. Tacit. lib. 4. Annal. to contradict actions too near at hand. Buonfadio went away much af∣flicted from the Audience, by reason of this publick reprehension; when with unspeakable gravity Zeno the great founder of the sect of Stoicks, drew near to Apollo, to whom, after he had saluted him, he said, That being to go upon a far Ambassy, for affairs much importing the Prince of Guido, he desired to take his leave of Apollo's Majestie, and to kiss his hands, before he took his journey. Apollo perceiving that the Prince of Guido was himself present at the Audience, asked him with a very an∣gry countenance, If there were not other Litterati in Parnassus, to make use of upon that his occasion, and whether he were one of those Princes, who through avarice, and out of a malitious intent of being able to break his word with less danger, committed such indignities, as to send Stoicks to lie at Inns. His Majestie complained afterwards very much of the Stoicks, who making open profession to have abandoned ambition, and all worldly pomp, did not withstanding wind themselves so willing∣ly into State affairs, wherein great impieties being often times commit∣ted, it were an excellent thing that they were not onely negociated by ignorant people, but even not known unto them. Then turning to Zeno, he in a no less angry manner said unto him, That he having pro∣mist before both God and man to attend one profession, if he should af∣terwards publikely undertake another imployment, it was an action of infinite scandal▪ and that such a one as he, the founder of so famous a sect▪ should, by greatly abhorring the Courts of Princes, and by se∣questring himself wholly from their affairs, make Tacitus rather appear alyar to all the world, then a Teller of truth, who had termed the Stoick

sect, Arrogant. Et quae turbidos, & negotiorum appetentes faciat. Tacit. lib. 4. Annal: which makes men turbulent, and desirous of busi∣ness.

Zeno was thus dismist the Audience with scorn, when many Princes together in company presented themselves before Apollo, who told him, that they did love to learn Sciences as well as did the other Vertuosi of Pernassus, and that they did esteem the liberal Arts very highly; but that the mountain of vertue being very steep and craggy, it was so dif∣ficult to get to the Top of it, as the lovers of learning weakening always their stomacks, disturbing their heads, breaking sometimes the vain of their breasts, and spoiling their eye-sight, the Litterati were ge∣nerally seen to fall into the dangerous diseases of Hectick feavers, Tisicks, and into Hypocondriacal indispositions; that therefore they humbly desired his Majestie that he would be graciously pleased so to facilitate the way unto this mountains top, as Princes who were not accustomed to such insufferable labours, might have some encouragement to arrive at the top of it. To these Apollo answered, That the onely means whereby to make the way to the Liberal Arts easie, was the fervent love of learning, the taking delight in reading the fruitful labours of his Litterati, and to study out of pleasure; but that Princes being accu∣stomed by their moneys to possess at night whatsoever of exquisite they had desired in the morning, would likewise possess themselves of the precious treasures of Sciences in their pastimes and idle delights; wherefore they did abhor such things as were onely to be come by by labour and toil; and that the famous Francisco Maria della •…•…overe, ought to incourage them to clime the mountain: who thinking learning the onely recreation of elevated souls, the delight and sole contentment of great men, was, to the glory of the Liberal Arts, to the honour of Ita∣lian Princes, and to the singular glory of the present Age, become the most universal and best grounded Litterato which the present time had in all the choicest Sciences; he therefore wisht them not to think the study of learning so hard a business, nor so laborious a thing but plea∣sant past me and recreation, and that so they might as easily come to the Mountains top, as if they had made the journey in a coach with six horses.

These Princes seemed to depart very well satisfied with this answer; when Luca Guarico appearing before his Majestie, said, That he having foretold Iovanni Bentivoglio, that Bolognian Tyrant, that he should that year be driven out of his Country; which accordingly succeeded, Bentivoglio had inhumanely made him be ceased on by Sergeants, and caused him to have fifty lusty stripes given him with a rope; which having much discomposed all his bones, had also wounded his reputa∣tion. He therefore desired his Majestie that he would be pleased to re∣scent that high peice of injustice in such sort as he should best like.

Apollo seemed to all men rather to laugh at the harm and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that was done to this man, then any way to compassionate him; and asked by what art of Divination he had foretold this calamity to Bentivoglio? Guarico answered, By the excellent Science of Judicial Astrologie which he had very much studied. Apollo replyed, Why did not the same Astrology which made you foresee other mens misfortunes, admonish you of your own mishaps? Guarico answered, Because through his

Parents negligence, he knew not what day he was born on. Apollo then laught, and greatly despising Guarico's vain and unfortunate study, told him, he was a great fool, and worthy the misfortune which had befallen him; for wise men hated to be the first bringer of ill news, even to men of the meanest sort, much more to Princes, whose ears were so delicate, as they delighted in nothing but good news; wherefore it was better to flatter them, by foretelling them a long and happy life, and to assure them that they should quickly enjoy many things which they desired, and be very happy. For to foretel Princes who were jealous of their lives and good fortunes, that their death was near at hand, or any other bad accidents, and to profess the doing of this by a false Art, which onely became foolish people, was to shew that a man did de∣sire all those misfortunes should befal them which he did prognosti∣cate. Guarico was no sooner dispatcht, but Count S. Paul appeared, a no∣ble Prince of France, who sorely complained unto his Majestie against Lodowick the eleventh King of France, who after having pardoned him, and sealed his pardon with many oathes, had made his head be struck off. Apollo, with much cruelty, answered the Count, That he ought not to blame King Lodowick so much for this his misfortune, as his own imprudency; for when Subjects arrive once at so great rashness as to take up arms against their Lords and Masters, they were very great fools if they did trust them at any time after. For nothing of more shameful being to be seen in a State, then that a man should walk therein who had plotted his Princes death and the ruine of his State; all Princes thought it less shameful to break their words, then to live with such a blur in their face. That therefore they onely ought to confide in such like pardons as made a Prince be praised for clemency; but that for such as brought shame with them, they ought to trust no more unto them then to a rot∣ten rope.

As Apollo was a little advanced, Iovan-paolo Lancellotto, a famous Perugian Lawyer, appeared, who presented unto his Majestie his com∣pleat commentaries which he had lately made upon his admirable Cano∣nical Institution. This noble Vertuoso was chearfully and lovingly re∣ceived by his Majestie: yet Apollo told him, He had been very ill ad∣vised to gloss upon the Argument of his well filed Institution, for such eminent wits as he, who were absolutely Masters of the Matters which they write upon, using very artificially a succinct and pithy brevity, as if they gave others the substance and quintescence, by them extracted not without much pains from the difficultest Sciences shewed, and that much to their honour, that they writ to such as were learned, who did fully understand the subject they treated on; which leaving without any Commentaries, they made it appear unto the world, that what seemed hard and obscure to others, was very easie and clear to themselves: That if it hapned afterwards that other Vertuosi commenting upon the learn∣ed labours of other men, for the publike benefit of the lovers of learn∣ing, they did so wittily adorn them with various acceptions of several significations, as they made them oft times speak excellent things, and which their Authors never dreamt of, as it luckily befel Aristotle, il∣lustrated by Averoe's his eminent wit; and Homer, who being most happy of all other writers, in having learned Commentators, was very much inriched by the learned labours of other men.

The last that appeared was Claudius Nero the Emperor; who signi∣fied to Apollo, That being at last aware of his wife Agrippina's shameful incontinency, who blinded by the violent ambition of Government had given her self over to the imbracements of his base servant Pa•…•…antes, he was resolved to take such revenge upon her, as the world saw he had done upon Messalina, who had likewise been an unchaste wife of his. But that this wicked woman, being gotten into Thali•…•…'s 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉 a safe sanctuary, by reason of the great respect which was given to that Il∣lustrious Muse, he could not get Agrippina into his hands. He therefore earnestly desired his Majestie to command that that dishonourable wo∣man might be put out from thence, to the end 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉 he might wash away the shameful stain wherewith she had tainted his reputa∣tion. Apollo was never seen to rage more, no 〈◊〉〈◊〉 when in the fiery house of Leo, then at this 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Emperor 〈◊〉〈◊〉: to whom with a threatning voyce and gesture, he said, He might do well to hasten quickly out of that Audience▪ for he whose first wi•…•…e 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉, fell by marrying another into the same •…•…it of Infamy, deserved rather to be buried there alive, then to be holpen out by any one.

The XXXVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Harpocrates being found by Apollo to be ignorant, is driven out of Pernassus.

THis morning Apollo sent for Harpocrates, that great M•…•…ster of Silence, to come unto him; and told him, that he had still ad∣mired his perpetural Taceturnety, but that now he much desired to hear him discourse, for that silence was to be wondered at in him, who upon occasion could give content to the curious Litterati, by his copious speaking. Harpocrates hearing this, shrunk up his shoulders, and made signs that he could not speak. Apollo •…•…ad him lay aside his affected si∣lence, and discourse upon some elegant subject. Harpocrates still con∣tinued to put his finger to his mouth. When Apollo, with somewhat an angry countenance, commanded him to speak; Harpocrates drew then near to his Majesties ear, and in a very submiss voyce said▪ That the world was grown so depraved in its customs, •…•…as they deserved chiefly to be esteemed wise, who had eyes to see, judgement to observe, and mouth to hold their peace. Apollo being mightily offended at this Answer, turned to those that were about him, and said, He had at last discover∣ed that Harpocrates was a piece of useless flesh, and commanded him to be packing out of Pernassus; for he had discovered him to be one of those gross pated coxcombs, whereof there were very many in the world, who under colour of a vertuous silence, did hide and palliate gross Igno∣rance.

The XXXVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

A learned Roman desires a receipt from Apollo to make him forget certain great injuries which he had received at a great Prince his Court. His Majestie gives him some of the water of Lethe to drink, but with bad faccess.

THe learned Roman who some days ago came to Pernassus, had Audience given him yesterday by Apollo. To whom he said, That he was much disquieted in his mind, by reason of divers injuries which he had received from •…•…undry of his ill-wishers in a great Prince his Court▪ Dove le persecutio 〈◊〉〈◊〉 s•…•… •…•…ssercitano co•…•… artificii di •…•…essanta Cara•…•…, where persecutions are exercised cunningly, and to an excessive height; and the more for that he could not be revenged without pulling greater ruine upon himself, then what his enemies had occasioned him; and yet he found not that he had so vertuous a soul, as to put on the generous resolution of pardoning offences: Wherefore to free himself from the hellish torment which he continually lived in, he addrest himself unto his Majesty, humbly beseeching him that he would prescribe him som receit, whereby he might cleanse his soul from the many passions of Hatred, wherewith it was foully polluted. Apollo appeared clearly to commisse∣rate this Gentlemans unhappiness; insomuch, as he commanded a great bowl of the water of Lethe to be given him to drink, so prepared, as it should make hateful things be forgotten, but should in no sort prejudice the remembrance of benefits received. The Gentleman drunk up the water with much greediness; which to the great wonder of all men was found to have the vertue onely of making him forget such injuries as he had received from men of a inferior fortune then he was; and that those which he had received from his betters, were rather more deeply graven in his mind then forgotten. Whereupon many began to murmure, that that vertue was not found in the Lethean waters, which had been so much discourst of by the Poets. When his Majestie did assertain them all, that the waters of Lethe had, as they should ever have the same ver∣tue, but that it had not wrought the desired effect in that Gentleman, be∣cause men nobly born, and of generous hearts, did usually write inju∣ries received from mean men, in sand; but over hand blows given by men of power, in characters never to be blotted out; for that it became Nobility to forget offences out of magnanimity, not to pardon them out of▪ necessity.

The XXVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Duke of Laconia is accused before Apollo to have Ido∣latrized a Favorite of his, for having advanced a faith∣ful Secretary to the highest State-preferments; and he de∣fends his cause excellently well.

THe now Duke of Laconia hath so highly exalted a subject of his (for whom he hath a great affection) from a low and mean fortune, to the highest State-dignities, as he hath not only admitted him into the La∣conick Senat (a preferment ambitiously coveted for the eminency there∣of, even by great Princes) but having infinitely enriched him by giving him great revenues, hath made him be as much honoured, and respected as highly as any whatsoever Personage of the State. This famous Duke was accused before Apollo some few days ago, by those who did much envy the advancement of this his servant, for idolatrizing a Favorite. Apollo being highly incenst against this Prince for so hainous a fault, without further informing himself (as upon all occasions he is used to do) of the truth of the impaachment, sent immediately for Luigi Pulci, Provost-Marshal of this State▪ and threatned to punish him severely, if he did not within half an hour bring the Duke of Laconia a prisoner un∣to him, in the most shameful manner he could devise. Pulci did diligent∣ly obey, for he dragg'd that Prince along immediately before his Ma∣jestie, loaded with irons. Apollo, who was presently advertised of this At∣tachment by an express Messenger, gave order that the greatest bel should be rung, whereby the Quarantia Criminale should be summoned, which was done; whither the Duke being brought, Apollo having him∣self acquainted him with the fault which was laid to his charge, told him in a very angry manner, That he aforded him onely one half hours space to make his defence in: And in the interim (as if the Prince his case had been altogether desperate) he commanded that he should be condemned to eternal infamy, who having committed so foul an Indig∣nity, as to adore a servant of his own, was not worthy to live amongst the vertuous Princes of the Phebean Court. The Duke began then thus to defend himself, Most mighty Sir, and Father of the Vertuosi, I have so arm'd my conscience with the breast-plate of Innocency, and have behaved my self so vertuously in all my actions, as I am more then cer∣tain that I have never deserved ill at your Majesties hands, nor am I any whit affrighted at your Majesties anger, nor at this precipitate Judgment, that the horrible sentence of my Infamy should precede the Cognizance of my cause: I onely wonder to see, what I thought never to have seen, that the foulness of an Impeachment, even in the justest of Tribunals, as this is, should be able so greatly to indanger the reputation of one of my condition. But I rest pacified with Gods will, who will have the gold of Innocency refined in the fire of Calumny, by the Test of Persecution. I freely confess unto your Majestie, That I have exalted my Friend much more then my accusers have informed against me; and in this my action, which hath been made by relation to appear so hainous to your Majestie, I am onely sorry that I

have not shew'd my self so grateful to this my friend, as his deserts chal∣lenge, I should have been. And if those who accuse me and other Princes of prodigallity, of Giddy-headedness, and of poorness of Spirit, born to serve servants, did not suffer themselves to be blinded with malice and envy, when they see a Courtier greatly beloved, and rewarded by his Master, but would with an unbyassed mind consider the merits of Court Favorites, they would stile that vertuous liberality, which they now call Vicious Prodigallity; those gifts the debt of Gratitude, which they term inconsiderate actions, and that a vertuous affection, to which they attribute the Infamy of Idolatrizing Minions. But it appertains not to common men to penetrate, Abditos principis Sensus, et si quid ocultius parant. Tacit. lib. 6. Annal. into the secret of Princes. Whence it falls out that ignorant men call Vertuous Gratitude, the effect of an abject mind. The Principality of Laconia (as is very well known to your Ma∣jestie) is elective; wherein the neighbouring Princes have always had a greater stroke then he who was Governor, not onely out of the common end of all elective Princes, in procuring potent Friends to those of their blood, after their own death; but by reason of the adherence which Forreign Princes have for no small ends, with such Senators as have the prerogative of chusing a new Prince: whose followers they work upon by those means, which are too well known to all men. And your Majestie likewise knows, that the Prince of Macedonia had by his subtilty got so great a Power in my State, and was so far encreased in strength above all the Grecian Princes, as he was not onely the sole Ar∣bitrator of all Greece, but aspired at an universal Monarchy: It is more∣over known to your Majestie, that the same Prince of Macedonia, under pretence of Friendship, and of taking the Dukes of Laconia into his protection, did with deep designs labour their suppression: And because the Prince of Epires greatness kept him from achieving so high designs, he either totally to remove, or at least to weaken that obstacle very much, did occasion those Insurrections of the Commonalty, and Rebellions of the Nobles in the Principality of Epire (more by his gold and under∣hand dealing, then by open force of arms) which did so much weaken the State of Epire. And I will not here repeat (since it is sufficiently known to all men) how my wise Predecessor, knowing that the suppres∣sion of Epire was a manifest may to the ruine of the Laconick Empire, resolved openly to assist afflicted Epire with puissant Forces, so to secure himself from the ambition of •…•…o potent an Enemy; and how that that good Prince whilst he had these wise considerations dyed; not without great presumptions that he was poysoned by the procurement of the Prince of Macedonia, who was not able to endure that the division of Epire (which he thought so sure) should be hindered. In this unhappy crisis of affairs, I had this dignity conferred upon me; and that I might not come byso unhappy an end as my Predecessor did, I, in the beginning of my Principality, seemed to be of a remiss spirit, and totally incapa∣ble of the great affairs of State, and onely busied my self in reforming the Magistrates of my Dominion, together with the abuses, and other vices of my people, appearing publikely to be a main Enemy to the Prince of Epire, but inwardly knowing very well, whither the Prince of Macido∣nia's plots tended. And knowing that whatsoever evil befel the Prince of Epire, tended to the lessening of me, I put on a resolution of assisting

him, that I might establish my own State which was in manifest danger: But to secure my life from those misfortunes whereinto my predecessor fell, I was forced to be very secret in my proceedings. And it is well known to your Majestie, as to all the rest of these honorable Judges, that amongst many imperfections of elective Kingdoms, the greatest is, that they less enjoy the so important benefit of secrecy in their State-Mini∣sters, then any other sort of Principality: for mens manners are so de∣praved, as that such as are Senators, are for the most part greedy Mer∣chants in their high places, by which they strive to reap all possible advan∣tage.

Finding my self in such straits at the entrance into my Principality, and knowing that for certain I was to split upon the rock of infidelity, if I should in a business of this weight, make use of those ordinary Secreta∣ries, who I knew for certain, were long since pensioners to forrein Princes; Great God (from whose goodness I acknowledge this great mercy) open∣ed my understanding, and it was he who propounded unto me, this my, I will not say servant (for I have found such singular worth in him, as will not suffer him to be stiled by so base a name) but dear friend; and to him who had served me with all fidelity for eight years space, whilst I led a pri∣vat life, I discovered that secret of my heart, which I thought very dan∣gerous ever to have dreamt of. And then I was aware that the excellen∣cy and chiefest praise of a Secretary, did not consist (as many men believe) in knowing how to speak eloquently, but how faithfully to be silent. And this I say, because I so happily made use of this my Officer in the impor∣tant business which I had in hand, as I luckily deceived the subtile Prince of Macedonia, which no wit, how cunning so ever, could do at any time before. And by means of this my so faithful Secretary, I succored that Prince my friend, whom I publickly profest to persecute, no man ever penetrating into my Councel; and I have had fortunate success in the mystery of cheating and abusing, even those who make publick professi∣on to be Masters of that Art; and by this handsom under-hand-dealing, I have reduced the formerly ruinous and precipitate state of Epire, into the condition that now it is: It being risen from so deplorable a condition, to the high pitch of being the only true Arbitrator of whole Greece. And the Macedonians who had fancied unto themselves universal Monarchy, and who thought to have sipt up every mans State in less then a months time, are fallen from this their height of hopes, into the pit of desperation, and quite giving over their ambitious conceits of possessing themselves of o∣ther mens States, have much ado to preserve their own.

Apollo having heard this, ran joyfully to embrace the Prince of Laco∣nia, and with a great deal of tenderness, spake thus unto him; You, Duke of that noble Nation, who express much in few words, have had to doe with a man of such worth, and one, who to say truth, hath very few that are like him, amongst all the Laconick Senators; I mean this friend of yours, as if you should give unto him your whole State, you would notwithstanding die ungratefull. For in these unfortunate times, wherein through the perfidiousness of many, Princes secrets are sold by the candle, to who will bid highest for them, that servant who in weighty affairs proves faithful to his Master, cannot be so much rewarded as he deserves.

The XXXIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

The People of the Island of Mitilene, their Prince being dead without issue, argue whether it will be better for them to chuse a new Prince, or to set up Liberty in their Coun∣trey.

THe Inhabitants of the famous Island of Mitilene, whose natural Prince did not only die lately himself, but together with his life, left the whole Royal Line extinguished; being without a Prince to Go∣vern them, disputed in many of their Congregations, whether it were better for them to live still under a Monarchy, and chuse a new Prince, or put on that noble resolution which had made so many people fortunate, of erecting a Free State. Great and dangerous contentions arose touch∣ing a business of this weight; and tis said that one of the chiefest Citi∣zens, in the last Congregation that was assembled to this purpose, spake thus:

Beloved fellow-Citizens, Of all the felicities which men receive from God in this world, two are the greatest; That they are born men, not Beasts; and free, not slaves. And surely there is good reason for this; for what greater happiness can any man receive in this life, then to obey only the Laws of God and men? What Jewel is to be compared to the rich Treasure full of all the most pretious Oriental Stones, of securing life, means, and reputation from the will of one particular man, inclined to commit so many impertinent things? None that is here, acknowledgeth Liberty to be more lovely then my self; and that it is a pretious gift, which immortal God bestowes of meer grace on those whom he loves; he who knows not this, I pronounce him to be blind, him a fool who doth not highly esteem it, and him an enemy to himself and Countrey, who doth not heartily endeavor it. But my dear friends, you must consider, that as those pretious stones are most esteemed of, which are rareliest found amongst men; so we must grant that perfect Liberty is a pretious Jewel, and much desired by mankind, because it is rarely found amongst men. And know, that as the Carbuncle and Diamond are created by an absolute heavenly vertue, and such counterfeit stones are poor and base, which men make in imitation of the Divine Artificer; so Liberty may be rather said to be a Divine Manifacture, then any humane work. If it were possible to Institute a Free State so easily as I perceive you imagin, there where Monarchy hath a long time reigned, since Li∣berty is a thing so much desired by all men, there would be no Monar∣chy left in the world: For people to come by so great a happiness, would all of them lay claim to Liberty. And yet since there are many Monar∣chies, and but few Commonwealths, we must needs see, that to erect Liberty in a Country, is rather an impossible then a difficult thing, and a gift which ought rather to be beg'd of God by prayer, then to be hoped for from any humane wisdom: Nor be not moved by the example of so many Commonwealths, which with so much happiness to those peo∣ple,

are lately instituted in Germany: For examples square not, unless where the same circumstances agree▪ Too great is the disproporion be∣tween the Germans (who are born in a sort of middle Liberty, from which condition, passage is easily made to intire Liberty) and us, who having alwaies undergon all servitude from our Princes, are so 〈◊〉〈◊〉 from being able to purchase perfect Liberty, as we cannot pass from this, into the other extream, without exposing our selves and Country to manifest ruine.

I grant that some Princes prove sometime phantastical, insolent, very beasts; and that it is a species of great felicity to secure ones self from these evils; but say you with me, That there is not a more phantastical, insolent, or bestial Government in the world, then that of an ill ordered Commonwealth, of a free tumultuous State. All who have written, or reason'd of Politick Affairs, confess that a people like us, born, bred up, and who have lived even to their decrepid age in servitude, are altogether uncapable of living free. Commonwealths being more formed by the good condition of Citizens dispositions, proportioned to live free, then by Laws: For as a new Vine soon grows dry if it be planted by an aged Tree; and on the contrary, does grow up prosperously, and bring forth fruit in great abundance if it be placed near a plant, which as if it were her husband, is of like age with it self▪ so the new Vine of Liberty scorns to take root, and to bring forth satisfactory fruit, if it be placed near an antient Tree of a people grown old in servitude. For the ambition of the Nobility, and sedition of the common people who are capital ene∣mies to living free, would for certain so suck up the radical moysture which gives life to the new Vine, as they would in a short time make it wither and become dry.

This truth which I relate, is evidently seen in the as perspicuous, as rare example of all the past and present Liberties of the immortal Venetian Commonwealth, which being planted whilst yet a young Vine, together with the little bush of the Venetian people, though born but a little be∣fore in those moorish and fennish grounds, takes such deep and strong root, as it now gives savory fruits of secure Liberty to its Citizens. It is folly for us to hope for alteration of Customs, which are not changed so easily as apparrel: For mans genius affecting quietness in all its ope∣rations, a soul which knows how to submit it self to a Citizen, who though his superior in being a Magistrate, is yet his inferior in all other respects; how being rich and young, to honour a poor old man with submission, to bestow all his love upon his Country (next to his God) yea rather then upon his children or wealth,▪ to preser the publick good before privat interest; to judge uprightly in civil and criminal affairs between friends and parents, to tremble at the severity of the Laws in a •…•…ee State; to possess the wealth of a Prince, and have the mind of a privat man, so far to mortifie himself, as humbly to begg the favorable vote of his inferior; and finally to have the taceturnity in publick affairs, and to possess all those habits worthy of a free-man, which are observed to be so exactly in every Noble Venetian; is a Doctrine which is not learnt by Books▪ nor by the mouthes of men; but which is brought from the womb; and suckt in with the mothers milk, by such as are born in Free Coun∣tries.

If (as I understand many of you are minded to do) you will send to

Venice, to receive the Laws of living free, from that excellent Com∣monwealth, doubtlesly rare ones will be given you; but Laws, no less then habits, do not square with •…•…ll men. God would be too gracious to men if they were permitted, in the midst of Iuly, when they are scorched by the Sun, to go into the Woods, and take from thence the greatest Plane-tree which they should find there, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it into their own Gardens, so to enjoy the shade thereof. Liberty, like a young Tree, planted amongst men, is very hard to rear up; for it must be con∣tinually watered with new Laws, according to occasion•…•… which every day arise, and prun'd by severe Justice. Nor must men be impatient in these cases; for no man enjoys the noon-day-comfort of a great Tree standing in his Court-yard, which was not first planted but a little sprig by his great great Gandfathers. And it hath been Gods will, that Trees and Commonwealths, should with much difficulty arive at long life, and be long in bringing forth their fruits. And very exceeding great pains and labour was taken to make that very Plant of the glorious Venetian Liberty, what the world sees it now to be; and those Ancients who plant∣ed it, partook of no good thereby, but only pain and toyle in bringing it up; whereas now their twentieth generation enjoy the verdure, the noon-day-comfort and freshness thereof. For though it be above •…•…100 years since it was planted in those Washes, yet is it not so long since it be∣came so perfect, and so secure a Plant of true Liberty, as that it fears not the wind of forrein Princes pride, nor the frost of Domestick seditions:

Add to these things (my fellow-Citizens) that it is not so much the Laws, though they be very good ones, nor yet the other particulars which I have touched upon, which have maintained, do maintain, and will maintain the Venetian Commonwealth in perpetual greatness, as is the miraculous and singular situation of those Marish and Fenny grounds, which we cannot partake of. All that understand any thing in State-af∣fairs, confess that the Senat is the Heart and Fountain of Life of every Free State. Skilful Fencers, when they will overthrow their enemy with few blows, make a thrust at their heart; and Princes who have en-deavored to subdue Commonwealths, have made their first blow at the Metropolitan City of the Free State, only to dissipate the Senat; for these are the mortal wounds which kill all, even the most potent Liber∣ties: For the Senat being routed, and consequently the heart of the Commonwealth struck through, it dies immediately. An imperfection which Monarchies have not, the greatness of whose Empire is alwaies where the Kings person is; as the Duke of Guise made proof of, who by his taking of Paris, did rather accelerate his own death, then hasten on his own greatness. The Dictator Cesar proves this which I affirm, to be true: Who to Tyrannize over his Country, made himself Master of Rome (which Pompey was very indiscreet in abandoning) only that he might defeat the Senat: A thing which Hanibal, the true Master of Militia, and sole honor of Africa, knew before him, and endeavored it, but knew not how to effect it: And which after him, the Emperor Charls the fifth, that Founder of the greatness of the Spanish Monarchy, knew very well how to do, and did practice it against the Florentines and the 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

This mortal wound could never be given to the State of Venice, whose Metropolis, where the Senat abides, is fortified, and armed with

the proof-Armor of Marishes and Washes▪ wherefore I think I may conclude, that their wils are good, who desire to bring in Liberty of li∣ving Free in our Country; but their wisdom is but weak: And that they who are for a Prince, intend well, and are excellently well advised; and in taking a resolution in this our so weighty business, I desire you all to remember, that the Florentine Nobility, which through the imper∣tinency of the seditious people, could never bring in a perfect form of living free in their Country, not being able any longer to undergo the cruel and bloudy insolences of the base Plebeians, were forced to call in a forrein Tyrant, the Duke of Atene, only that by extraordinary severi∣ty, he might afflict the common people of Florence, who did so abuse their Liberty.

Though these reasons were thought very efficacious by the wiser sort, yet could they not make the people resolve upon chusing a new Prince: Wherefore the business was carried, for living free, and that Ambassadors should be sent to Venice to receive the Laws of living free, from that Com∣monwealth, which was suddenly done. The Ambassadors were received and welcom'd by the Venetian Commonwealth with incredible magnificency, and the Venetian Government, Orders and Laws were shewn unto them, which the Ambassadors caused to be exactly copied out, and registred, and so departed. And being returned to Mitilene, they made their Re∣port, and read in publick Senat, the Laws which they had brought with them, which gave very bad satisfaction to all the common People, and to the greatest part of the Nobility: For the people could by no means in∣dure, that by the Venetian Laws they should be excluded from publick Government, saying that that Country merited not to be called Free, where all did not command: And the wealthier Nobility being accustom∣ed under Monarchy, to purchase favors from the Favorits, and to obtain places of Magistracy (which they did shamefully execute) from their Princes, storm'd, and said publickly, That that was a most unfortunate Country, where men were inhibited the making free use of their monies; which was purchased by industrious men at the cost of so much sweat, not only to buy meat and clothes, but to purchase therewith such things which encreased reputation: And that it was much better for Citizens to be ruled over by a Prince, whose good will might be won by a thousand seve∣ral waies, then to be govern'd by inexorable Laws, when they were ad∣ministred by a numerous Senat; where a little not being sufficient, and e∣nough not being alwaies to be had, whereby to make so many prevaricate and break the Laws, it might truely be said to be incorruptible. And that under Monarchies, the chiefest of the Nobility did from the first, execute the prime places of the Principality; and that in Commonwealths it was sad for them to begin together with the meanest Senators, at the lowest imployments, and come slowly by degrees to places of highest dignity: That it required more then the usual years of man to arive at the supream∣est preferments; and the rigor of bestovving places of Magistracy only according to mens meer merit, vvas a Precept first invented by Tyrants, to keep potent men lovv, and to exalt the mean.

But amongst all these bad satisfactions, nothing distasted three parts of four of the Nobility more, then the severe Magistracy of the Censors, which they heard was used by the Venetians, who perpetually did severe∣ly and strictly examin all mens behaviours; wherefore they said freely,

that if the Nobility were so severely proceeded with in the State of Ve∣nice, the Noble Venetians were slaves amidst their Liberty, and the peo∣ple of Miteline free amidst their servitude, for very dread of these things, all, with a loud voice cryed out, Monarchy, Monarchy: And that if any one would set up Liberty in Mitilene, let them burn all Laws and Sta∣tutes; for such understood that to be perfect Liberty, where none obey∣ed, all commanded, and every one did what he list.

The XL. ADVERTISEMENT.

James Creyton, a Scotchman, having incenst the Vertuosi in Parnassus, by a proud defyance, was so shamed by them through a bitter jest, as without ending the dispute, they forced him to forgo Parnassus.

JAmes Creyton, a Scotchman, the Prodigie of Nature for Learning, came some daies ago to this Court with such vain-glorious pomp, and self-oftentation, as moved as much nauseousness in the compleatest Ver∣tuosi of this State, as wonder in the meaner sort of people, who are usual∣ly ignorant, to see that a young fellow of but 25 years of age, should pre∣tend to be exactly knowing in all Sciences, when the chiefest Vertuosi know the continual study of 80 years is but a short time to be Master of one only Science. This Creyton the next day after his entrance into Par∣nassus, caused a paper to be fixed upon the Gates of all the Colledges, and upon the Pillars of all the Delfick Portici, wherein in large Capital Let∣ters these words were written, Nos Iacobus Crytonius, Scotus, cujus∣cumque rei propositae ex improviso respondebimus. We Iames Creyton, a Scothman, will answer ex tempore to whatsoever shall be propounded, This bold defiance, which was thought by many to be very arrogant, did so nettle the Vertuosi, as many of them framed Arguments even in the hardest Sciences, wherewith they thought to choak him at very first. But an acute Satyrical Poet bereft the whole Colledge of the Litterati of the pleasure of that dispute: For the very night after the posting up of this defiance, he underwrit in those very papers, these sharp words: And he that will see it, let him go to the signe of the Faulcon, and it shall be shewn him. Creyton was so stung with this biting Jest, as he presently departed from Parnassus, much ashamed and confused; having first made known unto his Majesty that he thought he could no longer appear with his ho∣nour amongst those Vertuosi, who had done him the affront to deal with him as with a Juglar and Mountebank.

The XLI. ADVERTISEMENT.

After strict examination of such as were to be chosen, the List of Governors is filled up in Parnassus.

AFter long expectation, the distribution of the Governments of this State was yesterday published with general satisfaction, it is not to be imagined what diligence and circumspection was used by his Majesty and his State-Ministers in the choice of them: For first they were care∣full to chuse old men to govern the people, only that I Polledri non habbi∣ano a por bardella a Cozzoni, Coults might not put Tramels upon their Pacers: And it was a thing worth much consideration, that of so many as put for it, they chose only men of slow Wits, cold Natures, such as were perplext and irresolute in all their actions, and drousie, even to the point of appearing foolish; whereas they excluded those who for the vi∣vacity of their spirits, seemed fit to have been preferred before them. And this was done because those wise men who were chosen to examin, verily believe, that bold, and over-lively wits are not very fit to govern others, they themselves standing in need of a bit and Caveson, to keep them from falling into ditches; for experience hath taught all men, that such men, with their too irresolute wits, do rather disquiet people, then prove Instruments of keeping them in that peace and good satisfaction, which ought to be their chiefest care who are the Governors of Provinces; and it is a thing known to all men, that those Electors hold it for an infallible Maxim, That he succeeds best in the Government of Cities, who being of a slower wit, and setled mind, knows best how to fit himself for ma∣king his abode there, as it were the signe of an Inn: For the world, which is much ruled by it self, is much disquieted and imbroyled by the chyme∣ra's of some sharp wits, who being overwise in all their waies, Intempestivis remediis delicta accendunt. Tacit. lib. 13. Annal. Make things worse by unseasonable remedies. Hence it was, that in the strict examination that was made in this so weighty business, the ignorant were not excluded, but only those who were too wise, and who having their heads full of querks, and new inventions, are enemies to those ancient Customs, to which the people being accustomed, think themselves wronged by being bettered by new Laws. 'Ts true, they studied to find out flexible people, of ea∣sie and supple wits, who could accommodate their own Nature to that of others; nor did they admit of any Officer who had not past four years in the study of that important Philosophy, of living, and suffering to live: A Basis whereon all peoples quiet, and the assurance of all good Govern∣ment w^ch can be expected from the good Governor of aProvince, is secure∣ly grounded; in whom they thought not the knowledge of the Laws and Statutes to be so necessary, as that they should be verst in that gentle way of proceeding, and in that dexterity of judgement, which is not registred in Books. A Consideration so much the more necessary, for that some Lawyers who have had the Governments of several Provinces, have be∣haved themselves but foolishly therein: Witness Bartolo, the very light

of the Law, who with all his Legal knowledge, was forc'd to leap out of the window at the Palazzo di Todi, to shun being seized on by those who could no longer endure his Impertinencies; who had a fair tongue, but foolish pate. And it is very certain, that they did drive avvay certain great beastly fellows, even with Bastenadoes, who proudly playing the Peacocks, and publikely professing severity, delight much with their grave looks to threaten men with death in publike assemblies: and they excluded from all hopes of Government, brutish Busirides, who thirsting after humane blood, think they can mend the world, with Pillories, Gallowses and Axes: but they mightily loved those who la∣boured more to inhibit them to punish faults, and who underwrite Capi∣tal sentences in ink, made of Tears. The next day after the publica∣tion of the bestowing of Governments, all the Provosts came before the Regio Collaterale, where Apollo was in person, and there with solemn ceremonies, they made oath between his Majesties hands, that they would leave the world in the same happy condition as they found it; it being high treason in this State, where Tacitus his rule is observed (that super omnibus negotiis, melius atque rectius olim provisum, et que con∣verterentur, in deterius mutari. Tac. lib. 4. Annal. That better provi∣sion was made for all things in former times, and all alterations made since have proved to the worse) to make any the least Innovation in Go∣vernments.

These oathes being taken, the great Delfick Chancellor, placed in a high seat, said, You Gentlemen Officers, his Majesties pleasure is, that in the places which are bestowed upon you, you be sure to have a strict care to your ways; and that you swell not so with ambition as to play Rex, but that you remember you are but counterfeit Princes, whose Empire is but weak, grounded upon a frail sheet of paper, and fortified by a little wax. Then Marcus Tullius Cicero made an Oration in praise of those new Officers, affirming that they were so wise and good, as they were able to new mould the world. And this oration being ended, Apollo, with a pleasing countenance, did with his own hands give every one of them their Letters Patents, and commanded them to go present∣ly to their several charges. It was a thing which caused astonishment in all men to see, that as soon as ever their Patents were delivered, his Ma∣jesties formerly clear and serene face towards those his Officers, was changed into a dreadful & angry aspect, as if he had hated them deadly, and the civilities, proffers, and friendly demonstrations of those signori del Collaterale, were changed in the twinkling of an eye into Threats and Accusations; insomuch, as they themselves who had been so very cir∣cumspect in making that election, swore to every one that those Officers were a company of greedy companions, publike sellers of Justice, and Birds of prey; and before they departed, by order from his Majestie, an Urtamartino taken out of the Pegasean Stable, was given to those who were Governors of the chiefest Provinces, an Instrument thought ne∣cessary by all wise men, to beat down some imperious fellows, who de∣firing to domineer in other mens houses, do with ready money purchase hatred, laying the blame of all their impertinences, insolences and ill usage committed against the master of the house, upon their own dis∣composed and hasty nature. I was told by very credible people, that after this Salustius Crispo President of the Collaterale, taking the Govern∣our

of Libetro (whom he much favoured and loved) aside, told him, That he should do well to be very negligent in the beginning of his Go∣vernment, but be exquisitely diligent in the end thereof; remembring always, that to begin ones Imployments Acribus Innitiis, I•…•…ioso fine. Tac. lib. 4. Annal. with strict beginnings, and neglective end, was to imi∣tate the Asses Trot, which is so usual to the common sort of officers; that in his administration of justice in things of dispute between ordina∣ry people, he should do them exact right without any respect of persons; but that in controversies which might arise between the Nobility, or people of better rank, he should use the dexterity of a wary judgement, with the rigour of Justice, remembring always that the accusations of powerful men were so hateful to Princes as they besprinkled the Offi∣cers Garments with certain spots and stains of bad impression, which could never be washt away with any sope of Innocency; that therefore with such he should so use the buckler of dexterity, with the sword of justice, as no wounds of distaste might be given or received by either party: for it being requisite for Princes, for their own affairs, to have the Nobility satisfied, the Officer must know exactly the art of draw∣ing rotten teeth with a piece of cotton; that in his Government he should strive Omnia scire, sed non omnia exequi, Tacit. vita Agric. to know all things, but not to put all things in execution; for to go about to wash a Blackmoor white, were to play the mad man; and that in this so corrupt Age, Officers might do more wisely to bear with some an∣cient disorders in the people, then with very little of satisfaction, to afflict ones self, with introducing good where it was not welcome, that he should shun contentions with neighbour Officers, who were subjects to the same Prince, and that such differences as he could neither cloak nor shun, he should like a Gown-man defend them with his pen; but that he should neither seek for, nor yet shun differences with neighbour∣ing Princes: but defend such as should arise, like a Souldier with his sword, observing still the temper, as to shew reverence towards forreign Princes, and zeal towards his own Prince: that being placed in Go∣vernment to decide quarrels, and to put an end to other mens differences, he should keep himself from kindling new ones, as he would do from fire, holding it for a certain rule, that Officers won infinite reputation, when at the very instant that they were set upon, they could resolve to give over with loss: Mercè che delle mosche pigliate con le natiche, mai non si trovo chi facesse utila ritratto: and that he should think that no∣thing did more shew an Officers lightness, then to seem greedy of dis∣putes and quarrels, whereof wise-men would give fourteen to the dozen; that in some things he should do well to prefer the publike peace, be∣fore the rigor of Justice, taught by books; that he should never be over angry, for any whatsoever Impertenency which should be seen or heard of in his Government; and that if he could not do this, he should not onely forbear from acting, but even from speaking in the heat of Anger; and should recommend the consideration of all things to cool blood; that in vveighty affairs he should avoid to appear undaunted, bold and resolute, but take pleasure in taking the crab out of his hole vvith his Princes hand, armed vvith the Gantlet of Authority; for though the Officer had authority to act, •…•…tvvas notvvithstanding good often times, not to use that authority: that he should avoid such Go∣vernments,

as he vvould do precipices, vvhere any of the Blood-Royal lived, or any of the kindred of Court-Favorites; which vvere the Silla and Caribdis, and inevitable quicksand of ruine to all Officers: and that he should not be ambitious of governing in Provinces, vvherein vvere many of the Nobility, to govern vvhom, vvas to lead a heard of Foxes, and a flock of Hens to feed, and be bound to bring them all back again to their folds at night: but that he should esteem such Go∣vernments best, which being full of mean and ignorant people, received full satisfaction if they had plenty of bread in their market-places: that he should keep conversation and acquaintance at large with all that were in his Government, but stri ct friendship with none; that he should avoid that retiredness which made men be hated, and that domestical familia∣rity, which caused scorn, but use such gravity as purchased love and re∣spect to the Officer, that he should abhor to converse with base men, and communicate onely with persons of his own profession; and that he should be wary of making any one his friend, to whom he might not at the very same instant become a capital enemy, without any prejudice to himself; for in Officers houses mushromes grew in an instant to be as high as Ciprus Trees; that he should by all means shun having to do with those great ones in Cities, who love to have many followers, and make profession of Arms; for that Giddy-headed Officers cannot more shamefully nurse up a Serpent in their bosoms, then by lending an ear to the intercessions which such men make for unruly people, who are imprisoned for seditious faults; every one being ready to spend their lives in his service, who hath once saved them: that in publike Audiences he •…•…hould observe great gravity speak little, but resolutely, imploying his ears more then his tongue in such places; and that he should there shun to argue the points of reason with Advocates; for an ignorant man that speaks, knowing better what he hath to say, then a learned man that listens unto him; an Of∣ficer who will on the sudden argue a case with an advocate, cannot make good his reputation against him, who hav•…•…ng first studied the business, comes prepared, without being so insolent as to use his authority instead of reason; that he should praise, and yet shun the hateful and foolish customs of Provinces; and that he should patiently bear with the stink∣ing pride of Advocates, and the affronted impertinencies of Proctors, and maintain their honour in publike, whose faults he might correct in private, that he should practice that golden sentence of Tacitus, Utilis∣simus idem, ac brevissimus bonarum, malarum{que} rerum delectus, cogitare quid aut nolueris sub alio Principe, aut volueris. Tacit. lib. 1. hist. It is the most useful and ready choice of both good and bad things, to con∣sider what you like or dislike under another Prince; with such circum∣spection, as to shun a defect in his Predecessor, he should not fall himself into the other extream. As a certain Prince had foolishly done, who to avoid the over much pleasantness which was blamed in his Predecessor, betook himself to unheard of severities; that he might account business his pastime, eminent spirits making the pleasure they take in command∣ing and exercising authority over others, serve instead of Picquet or Lurch: that he should be more careful in well governing his own house, then in curbing seditions in the City, for that Provincialists are more troubled at the immodesty of an Officers favorite, then at a foul inso∣lency

committed by a Townsman; that he should abhor forestalling of Markets, and that he should esteem those hisCapital enemies who should propound unto him such unlawful gains; and that he should firmly believe that the onely gainful merchandize becoming an honorable Officer, was to engage himself deeply in the Traffick of purchasing glory and honor; by which rising still to higher preferments, he in a short time would a∣bound in wealth and reputation; that he should shun prodigallity a•…•…d avarice (shameful extreams in Officers) that he should set aside one fourth part of the day for the dispatch of civil causes, and the other fourt part in deciding criminal affairs, & the rest in being hospital, on which an Officers reputation did wholly depend; that he should always have an eye to his Judges hands; that he should not resolve any thing in difficult affairs, before he were fully possest of the whole business; for sudden resoluti∣ons were very dangerous in such like cases: and that he should always behave himself so therein, as if he did rather grieve to have done too little, then too much; that he should so accommodate his own genius to the nature of those of the Province, as to be gentle with those that were pleasant and peaceful, and severe with those that were stubborn and se∣ditious; that above all things he should curb the insolencies of Sergeants and Marshals-men, who in many places are grown so insufferably bold, as they have not onely caused wicked scandals to Princes, who in all o∣ther respects are glorious and happy, but have rendred such States hate∣ful where the bridle hath been let loose to such like Rascals, wholly made up of insolency; for he was ill advised who gave much authority to one who knew not what discretion meant; that not to appear foolish, he should not acquaint his Prince with every trivial affair, nor keep from him the knowledge of things of importance, least he might be thought to neglect him; that he should believe that wary Judges did threaten more then punish, and that he should not forget, that Officers govern men, who are subject to a thousand imperfections, infinitely addicted to errour, and not Angels, who cannot sin; that therefore in his Go∣vernment he should rather affect to be reputed pleasing then cruel; that he should avoid Baals, and publique Feasts, which do abase the Per∣sonages of Officers; that in the shameful faults of Noblemen, he should be severe against the Delinquents person, not touching upon the honour of his Family; that he should many times rather wink at carnal faults, then seem over desirous to punish them; that by wisely appear∣ing pleased, he should rather make the world believe that his subjects were good, then make them become such through rigour; for those that boast they have hanged I know not how many hundred men in their Governments, glory in their infamy.

The XLII. ADVERTISEMENT.

A•…•…gus makes proffer of himself to the Dukes of Venice, to guard the Virginity of their illustrious Commonwealth, and his offer is not accepted.

ARGUS never had any imployment in Pernassus till now, since he proved so unfortunate in watching fair Io; for though many great Princes would by large salaries have hired him to guard their Ladies honour, he hath always refused to take upon him the care of any Ladies reputation, having clearly found in Io's unfortunate business, that wo∣men, when they are lewdly inclined, or are strongly solicited, are not to be secured, no not by a thousand Argusses: Yet of late days, being ve∣ry needy, he offered himself to Andrea Gritti, and other Princes of the Venetian State, to guard their beautiful liberty, so as he might be well paid for his pains, and he would bind himself to keep continually ninety eight of his hundred eyes awake to watch over that illustrious Princess. Argus was graciously listened unto by Gritti, and the rest of the Dukes of Venice, who first presented him with a purse full of ma∣ny millions of Crowns, which they said they gave him for the good will that they found in him, but that they had no need of his ayd in this affair; for their liberty needed not his hundred eyes to guard her honour, her own chaste inclination being sufficient to do it, assisted by the six eys, by the vigilant and dreadful Magistracy of the three State-In∣quisitors, who wrought so by the sword of justice, which they did con∣tinually brandish over the heads of the Libenus, as that their Liberty, though she be exceeding fair, was looked upon with chast eyes, even by the most ambitiously lustful, and coveted with a perfect Platonick love.

The XLIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Florentines in their pastime called the Calcio, admit of a Spruce Forreign Courtier, who wins the Prize.

THe Noble Florentines plaid the last Tuesday at the Calcio in the Phebean field, which all the Litterati of Pernassus came to see; and though some, to whom it was a new sight to see many of those Floren∣tine Gentlemen fall to down right cuffs, said, that that manner of pro∣ceeding in that which was but play and sport, was too harsh, and not se∣vere enough in a real combat; yet the Vertuosi took delight to see it, for many praised the Gamesters swift running, their nimble leaping, and

their strength; others were very well pleased with the invention of the Game, which was very good to breed up youth to run, leap and wrastle; and many believed this to be the cause why it was instituted in that for∣merly so famous Commonwealth: but the quicker sighted Politicians, argued from the going together by ears of those young Florentines, that some great mysterie lay concealed in that sport; for that Common∣wealths are fuller of intestine hatred, and hidden ranchor of spirit, then are Monarchies, by reason of the continual flocking to Magistrates, and frequent denials which are given to Senators of such places as they de∣sire, receiving doubtlesly more distastes thereby one from another, then is observed to fall out between people who live in a Monarchy; and it being impossible but that some violent passion of anger must burst forth in a liberty full of distastes, the Politicians affirmed, That the Common∣wealth of Florence had done very well and wisely in introducing the Calcio amongst her Citizens, to the end that having the satisfaction of giving four or five good round buffets in the face to those to whom they bare ill will, by way of sport, they might the better afterwards ap∣pease their anger. An evaporation which if it should be had upon another occasion by a dagger, it would have much indangered the publike liberty. The same Politicians affirm for certain, that the Sancsi introduced the fa∣mous Gioco della pugna in their Commonwealth, and the Venesians the assaulting of the bridge in theirs, for no other end but this. But it hapned that a spruce Courtier who was a Spectator at this sport, being asked by that famous Pietro Caponi, who by the bold answer he gave to a King of France, won eternal fame, how he liked their Calcio; who answered, The sport was very pleasant, but that those Florentines did not play well. And the Game of Calcio being particular to the Florentine Na∣tion, and altogether unknown in •…•…ther parts, Caponi thought the Cour∣tier had said amiss; wherefore he asked him, Whether he thought he could play better? The Courtier answered freely, that if they would permit him to play with them, he would teach those Florentine Gen∣tlemen the true art how to take the ball, how to •…•…un with it, how to re∣pulse the wrastlers dextrously, who would take it away, and other ex∣cellent master like tricks. Caponi laught to hear the Courtier boast thus, and having acquainted all the Florentine Gamesters with what he said, they joyntly invited him to play. The Courtier made himself ready, and entred the lists; where the Florentines promising themselvs much pastime in buffetting and abusing him, made him a round, and present∣ly the Ball was thrown up in the ayr by men appointed thereunto: which came no sooner to the ground, but that the nimble Courtier ran towards it, and having taken it up, clap it under his left arm; those of the contrary party ran to take it away from him: but he with great strength justled one, and thrust away another; and whereas the Florentines, who were masters of the sport, thought to have thrown him down, they were thrown down themselves; for the sturdy Courtier did so freely lay a∣bout him on all sides with his arm, shoulders, head, and every part of him, as he made all keep aloof, so as the greatest part of the Florentines of the adverse part, were thrown to the ground; and some of them re∣ceived such blows on their breasts, as they could hardly breathe for a good while after. And the Courtier having overcome all that withstood him, threw the ball over the lists, and won the Prize. At which he

Florentines were so astonished, as they took a solemn oath never to admit of any Courtier more to play with them; as those who in run∣ning had winged heels; and are rather Devils then men in justling, thrusting, making men keep back, and making room for themselves in croudes, and making way there, where people flock most; in the art of never suffering the ball to fall to the ground when they have gotten it, nor ever to be taken from them, and in giving their adversaries such deadly squelches as they shall never rise again.

The XLIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Batista Platina, being bastenado'd by Agustino Niso, com∣plains to Apollo (little to his reputation) of the injury received.

BAtista Platina, who keeps the Pastrey shop in the corner of the Herb-market as he the other day was raising a piece of dainty Paste, Agustino Niso da Sessa, that famous Neapolitan Philosopher en∣tred his shop, and took up the rowling pin wherewith Platina made his Paste, and did so cudgel him with it, as certainly he would have slain him, had not some of the Vertuosi, who heard the noise, run in, and hindred him. Platina being thus ill dealt withal, caused himself to be brought before Apollo; to whom he sorely complained of Niso, and said, That he was not so much grieved at the blows he had received, as that he had never deserved to be so foully affronted by that Philosopher, whom he had always so deerly loved. Apollo did with much grief rescent Niso's extravagancy, and gave order for him to be forthwith sent for: who when he appeared, was ask'd by his Majestie, what had moved him so to dishonour such a Vertuoso as Platina. Niso boldly replyed, That by reason of Platina's evil proceeding with him, he was forced so to re∣venge a shameful slash, which he had given him over the face from one ear to another. Platina with tears, said to Niso, I have always admired your worth Agustino, and loved you as dearly as my own soul, and you, without any cause, have offended your friend, whom you were bound to love and reward. Niso turned then to Apollo, and told him, That he being desirous some few days before to give a private supper to some Neapolitan Vertuosi, had sent to Platina's shop for a Veal Pye, for which he was presently paid; and that Platina, whom he had never of∣fend, had to no end placed his Arms over his shop door, whereby he had published him throughout Parnassus, to be one of those useless persons, who delighting in Gluttony, study nothing but how to eat vvell. Platina excused himself, and said that he had placed his arms over his door, to honour him, not out of any infamy to him. Apollo then bad Platina hold his peace; for you (said he) have well deserved the mischief vvhich hath befallen you; for the arms of men of honor, and of such a Philo∣losophers

as is my beloved Niso, ought to be seen in Libraries, no•…•… i•…•… Cooks shops, vvhere none but those of smell feasts ought to ha•…•…g; for there is no fouller defect nor vice, then to study hovv to please the pal∣lat, and to make the base and shameful profession to hunt after good victuals.

The XLV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo knowing what mischief over-much riches causes to Poets, exhorts the Magnanimous King of France, Francis the first, to moderate his profuse liberallity which he used towards them.

THe Illustrious King of France, Francis the first, he, who whilst he lived, did not onely place learning on his right hand, but always saluted the Litterati by taking off his hat; whom he so loved, as that he enriched many of them, so as by authentick faith made to Apollo, it appears; that so great a King was the first, who by his profuse liberali∣ty to the Vertuosi of that his Noble Kingdom of France, had planted such learning there, as taking deep root afterwards, hath brought forth infinite volumes of the labours of the learned French, which have much enriched the Delphick Library; and that using still the same bounty to such as lovelearning, he feeds a great many of the Litterati very plenti∣fully in his Royal Palace in Parnassus, to whom he pays very liberal pro∣visions.

A magnanimity and Splendor, which till now was very pleasing to Apollo, who much to his discontentment, is come at last to the know∣ledge that this Kings munificence towards the Litterati, produces bad effects; for that over-much riches, according to their custom, begins to blemish the souls of many Vertuosi, with such vices as luxury and ease bring with them, which have so produced the Moth of idleness even amongst the Vertuosi of this State, as that many famous Poets have so far given over their studies, as even Ovid himself, who formerly to the wonder of all men did every day inrich the Delfick Liberary with some one Elogie or other, since he grew into so domestical acquaintance with so great a King, suffered nothing to proceed from his pen in a whole year, save four Epigrams made in praise of the four seasons of the year. Wherefore Apollo perceiving that this Kings liberallity towards his Vertuosi occasioned even the overthrow of learning; to the end that the intents and perpetual desire which they have to learn still some∣w•…•…at whilst they are poor, might not be extinguished, sent two days since for King Francis, whom he told, that he much loved and admired the great Liberallity which he used towards his Vertuosi; but that for the indempnity of Sciences he was forced to will him to be more moderate therein; for that Learning, which is born and bred in poverty, was re∣quisitely

to live therein, as in her particular Element: That therefore he should not permit Poets to purchase any thing by his Royal Munificence, but meat and cloathing; the one modest, the other mean: For that he clearly perceived, that they in the abundance of bodily wealth, grew poor in the like of their souls, vitious amidst riches, in delitiousness, idle; or that the like disorder was found in them, as was observed to be in hens, which, the fatter they are, lay the fewer eggs; Poets being like crickets, who sing not but out of meer necessity: And that they follow not the chase, like dogs, for pleasure; but like Falcons and Goshawks, for meer hungar.

The XLVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo having found out the first Inventor of Guns, as he is about to punish him severely for his fault therein commit∣ted; The Artificer defends himself very well.

TIs now some fifty years since Polidor Virgil had a Pension given him by his Majesty of twenty Crowns a month, together with mainte∣nance for himself, two servants, and their horses,; only that he might endeavor to find out the Inventors of all things which had been thought upon by extraordinary Wits for the benefit of man: For Apollo thought such men deserved so well for their industry, as that they were to be kept in perpetual memory. And his Majesty being infinitely troubled that the Art of Warfaring (which was alwaies cruel) should now be arived at so great a height therein, by the new Invention of Guns, as that in all late Wars much more use was made of fire, then of the sword: And be∣ing grieved even to the very heart, that so many men should be destroyed, and Cities ruined in a short time by this diabolical Invention, he com∣manded Pollidor Virgil, that with all speed he should find him out (if at least so devilish an Instrument could be found out by any humane crea∣ture) who had the cruel heart to introduce a scourge amongst men, so like to dreadful Thunder.

Pollidor obeyed, and in a short time did not only learn that the Inven∣tors of Guns was a Dutchman; but found him out, and delivered him a∣live into the power of the Court. Apollo being hereat overjoy'd, com∣manded the Judges of Assize, that they should do exemplary Justice up∣on this so cruel enemy to mankind. These gave sentence immediately, that the Dutchman should be put alive into a Cannon, to which fire be∣ing given, he might be torn in pieces by his own hellish Invention. All things tending thereunto were already in order, and the unhappy Dutch∣man was brought to punishment, when in those his last streights he in∣treated that he might be permitted to speak but a word or two before his Majestie in his own defence. He had his desire granted; and being brought before Apollo, spake thus; Illustrious King of Light! shall he

be condemn'd to so cruel a punishment by your Majesties Judges, who are esteemed to be just by all the world, who hath laboured to deserve fa∣vour from God, and good will from men, by inventing things beneficial for mankind? It is the intention, purpose, and mind of a man that makes the fault, which, whatsoever excess may insue upon any mans work, yet is it not imputed to any one whose will was good, and his intention holy.

I call God to witness, and your Majesties own light, which sees all things, that I did not invent Guns to afflict mankind (as I find many do wrongfully think) but out of zeal, charity, and piety; and if any mischief hath since insued thereby, it was more then I intended: For be∣ing vexed at the very soul to see, that through the ambition and avarice of those that rule, men were by divers waies drawn, will they, nil they, to the slaughter of War, I bethought my self, that people could not receive a greater benefit from any one, then to acquit the world of the vast ex∣pence of bloud occasioned by War; being very sure, that if Princes should want souldiers, they would not wage War so much, and would content themselves with their own fortunes, when man to man with their weapons in their hand, they must overcome that enemy, whose State they would usurp. For the danger of losing their lives, would make them lay aside the insatiable ambition which they have of domineering over the whole world. To arive then at this so holy end, and wherein I thought the whole felicity of mankind did consist, I bethought my self of this inven∣tion of Guns, firmly believing, that out of horror of this so dreadfull In∣strument, all men would be so terrified, as they would abominate the my∣stery of War. I did the rather believe this, for that I saw men were mightily affrighted with Thunder from Heaven, though they knew that God in his mercy makes more Thunder be heard for terror, then Bolts seen for punishment; that notwithstanding many when they see the lightning which precedes the thunder, run into corners to hide themselves; nay o∣thers have built themselves Chambers of Iron for security. Wherefore I did firmly believe that no man would ever be so rash or cruel to himself, as to expose his life to the manifest danger of death, by incountring with earthly Thunder, so like in all respects to the Thunder of Heaven; and levelled at the life of man, not to affright, but to kill him. If the con∣trary to what I believed, have since fallen out, and if men be grown so superlatively foolish and cruel to themselves, as out of a desire to appear gallant, to go even with delight against the mouth of the Cannon, and I to be blamed for other mens rashness and beastiallity?

Apollo was so moved to hear this Dutchman so gallantly defend him∣self, as turning his punishment into favour, he commanded that he should be rather rewarded then censured; and with tears in his eyes, said, That by reason of their beastiallity who dare sell their lives for the poor price of six pence a day, he was compelled to be pleas'd that cruel inventions should daily more increase, whereby to rid the earth of this lewd sort of men; and since that neither fire nor sword were able to do it, he earnestly desired the Majesty of his Creator, that he would once more open the Chateracts of Heaven, and quickly powre down new deluges of water upon the earth, to wash those wicked men from off the earth (without harming such as love peace) who forgetting that they are obliged to multiply man∣kind, have taken upon them the cruel trade of annihilating it by fire and sword.

XLVII▪ ADVERTISEMENT.

The Roman Monarchy desire to be resolved by Cornelius Ta∣citus in a Politick Doubt; and receive full satisfaction therein by Melibeus, the Mantuan Shepherd, who was ca∣sually there.

THe Illustrious Roman Monarchy, which before it was trampled upon by the barbarous Northern Nations, lived here in Parnassus in that height of glory, which no other human worth could ever arive at; under pretence of going a hunting, went in disguise the other day to find out Co•…•…nelius Tacitus, who for his recreation was retired to his Countrey∣house; and told him, that she was come to him only to be resolved in a Doubt which had a long time troubled her mind, the which she had con∣ferred about with many other great Polititians, and had not received such satisfaction from them, as she hoped to do from him, who was the greatest Statist and Arch-Flamming of all Modern Policy. And that the busi∣ness which so much troubled them, was, That the Kingdom of France, Spain, Egypt, Soria, the Commonwealth of Carthage, and the rest of the Immence States which she possest in Asia, Africa, and Europe, were of themselves formidable to every one, before they were joyned to her but that being all of them united in her person, instead of strengthening her, they had made her weaker then she was before; a thing which they did the more wonder at, for that it was evidently know, that many threads made a strong Rope, and many little twigs a strong rafter; and yet an infi∣nite number of Principalities being joyned together, had not formed that eternal and great Monarchy, which men did expect?

Tacitus answered to this, that the question was of weight, and therefore deserved to be maturely consulted, that he would return the next day to Parnassus, where when he should have cast his eye over his Annals and Histories, he believed he should thereout draw such an answer, as would give her Majestie full satisfaction. The Roman Monarchy was very well pleased with this Answer; and just as she was going to take her leave and be gon, Melibeus, that famous Shepherd, who had brought a dish of Curds and Cream, and two new Cheeses that very morning, as a present to Tacitus, and had heard the question asked by that great Monarchy, de∣sired her that she would be pleased to stay, for that he would instantly give full satisfaction to her in that which she desired to know:

Tacitus and the Roman Monarchy smiled upon Melibeus, and bad him hold his peace, and go look to his sheep, for that was his profession. Me∣libeus then boldly answered, That no sort of men whatsoever knew bet∣ter how to discourse of, and resolve State-affairs, then Shepherds; That Princes should be happy if they used the same charity in governing their Subjects, as shepherds do in feeding their flocks, and the people most hap∣py if they would imitate sheep in their obedience to their Princes. Taci∣tus and the Roman Monarchy marvailed much at this bold and resolute answer of this Shepherd; wherefore they bad him freely make his con∣ceit

known: With which permission Melibeus thus began;

Most powerfull Queen, (as it is well known to my Virgil) am a shep∣herd of Mantua, and I should much injure this my gray head and beard which you see, if I were not absolute Master of my profession. I say then, that in so many years that I have had the charge of sheep, I have clearly learnt, that a shepherds power and greatness, consists not (as many that are covetous and ambitious believe) in having many millions of sheep; but only in having so many as a good shepherd may keep with his eye, go∣vern with his rod, and rule with his whistle. And the reason is apparent; for shepherds are beggers when they have too few sheep: for great po∣verty forceth him to milk them too dry, and to shear them too close. Shep∣herds are alwaies wealthy and happy in a mean (wherein all perfection con∣sists) whereas in Immensity they run certain danger, for that it is very hard to govern such a number of sheep as is disproportionable to the forces of any one man. Whence it is, that silly sheep, when in too numerous flocks, first grow lean, and then of necessity die, through the meer care∣lesness of him that looks unto them. This disorder is occasioned, for that flocks of too disproportionate a greatness, instead of good institutions, are full of fowl confusions; and the Proverb frequently made use of, and di∣ligently observed by us shepherds, is true, That a few sheep will not sup∣ply the necessities of a Shepherds Cottage; many will; and infinity be∣get confusion; and are rather prejuditial, than of use.

Princes and Commonwealths were happy if they had the property of Cammels, to stoop down humbly to the ground to take up the load of Government; and if they could put a period to their pride and ambition, by rising up on their legs, and not suffering any more load to be laid upon them, when they know they have sufficient for their strength to bear: but men do all their life-time, long to grasp a great stack of Hay, to the end that they may at one burthen carry it all home to their own Barns; which falling afterwards by the way, they find that after so much industry and pains, they have laboured in vain. Hence it is, that for 1600 and odd years that I have been a Shepherd in Arcadia, I never had in my Pen∣folds above 500 Sheep, which affording me the certain gain of 500 crowns a year, I have still been held to be very fortunate by all the Shepherds of Arcadia. I therefore think that shepherd unhappy, who being blinded by avarice, thinks to grow rich in one day, by having many flocks of sheep, which not being able all of them to be looked unto by the Masters eye (which is that which fattens the sheep, and which is the flocks chiefest fe∣licity) he commits them to the custody of careless boys, and oft-times rents them out to cruel Shepherds, who out of greediness to reap a little Interest more then the sheep can yield, do lose the Principal. Neither have there wanted amongst us shepherds those Alexanders the great, who to asswage their thirst of Government, have not been ashamed to ask of God, that he would create new Worlds. For in our Arcadia was one Menalcas, one that did alwaies envy me, and was my mortal enemy; who thinking he should be able to crush me if he could get more sheep then I had, was not content with 500 sheep which he had, but that he might make himself absolute Monarch of all the Shepherds of Arcadia, took up money at use, sold the greatest part of his Patrimony, and having got together a good sum of money, he sent for three flocks of sheep, each of them consisting of 500 from Spain, France, and England, where he knew the best sheep were, and paid excessively for their transporting;

which being strangers, and not acquainted with the Shepherd, nor yet understanding his voice nor whistle, they were but ill-favoredly led to their pasture in the morning, and brought back again at night to their folds. Wherefore Menalcas, to bring his sheep to better obedience, which went still wandring up and down, set dogs upon them; which not being known to the sheep, were alwaies hated by them, and they were the more incenst, for that to their natural hatred, they added offences; which be∣got such obstinacy, dispair, and disobedience in the sheeps hearts, as they began infinitely to abhor their shepherds, and the being guarded by dogs. Moreover when they found they were to be milkt or shorne, they hid themselves in woods; and then it was that all the shepherds of Arcadia, knew that dispair may make Conies turn Lions. Wherefore the Spanish sheep grew so inraged, as they even ventur'd to bite the shepherds; the French kickt the pail down with their feet, wherein they had been miklt; and the English sheep, that they might not obey strange shepherds, nor have their wool torn off by unknown dogs, forbore to graze, chusing rather to die for hunger, then to live in that slavery. It was more strange to see, that the same profit of Cheese, Wool, and Lambs, which those forrein sheep so willingly yielded to their own Country shepherds, were with so ill-will paid to Menalcas, as thinking they were not only ill treated, but tyrannically massacred, they seemed to be glad that they were become barren, and laught to see their shepherd undone.

Menalcas being exceedingly afflicted at this novelty, was forced to send to Switzerland for a new regiment of dogs, to bring his sheep to better obedience; which remedy proved both chargeable and unfortunate; for these dogs growing so cruel to the sheep, as even to worry them, and eat them up; this cruelty wrought such effect in the sheep, as they began re∣solutely to throw off all obedience. So as afflicted Menalcas fell at last into the misfortune of listning to a Florentine, a damn'd Master of Policy, who told him, that wary shepherds had no better way to make forrein sheep which were disobedient, serviceable unto them, then by keeping them poor and lean; which as soon as it was put in practice, proved so pre∣juditial both to the sheep and sheepherd, as Menalcas could not get so much as one Cheese, nor half a tod of wool from his sheep, and the sheep died for want of meat. And in one months space, Menalcas lost both his Interest and Principal; and (which caused much mirth in all the Arcadian shep∣herds) from being a happy shepherd of a noble flock, fell, through his gree∣dy ambition to be a woful Merchant of sheep-skins: A great misfortune, wholly occasioned through the ignorance that men have of shepherds A∣rethmatick, which differs so from the Merchant-like Arethmatick used in other affairs, as Menalcas who gained 500 crowns a year by 500 sheep, fell far short of getting a thousand, by a thousand. For it is true, that in common Arethmatick twice five, makes ten, and thrice five, fifteen, and so forward; but in Pastoral Arethmatick, twice five, makes three, thrice five makes one, and four times five, makes that cypher which ruins as ma∣ny as by grasping at too much, holds fast nothing.

The XLVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Vertuosi of Parnassus, in the Assembly of Focide, de∣cide the mystery of an Host; and find the keeping of an Inn to be a Noble Heroi•…•…k Vertue

IN the Assembly which some daies past was celebrated in Focide by the Vertuosi, for decission of some Controversies which arose amongst the Vertuosi, it was resolved to the wonder of all men, that Inn keeping was not a sordid occupation, but a most worthy Heroick vertue, only fit for such high spirited men, and men of worth, who born to be liberal and splendid, cannot endure that their purses should be strung with avarice, nor that the Coffers wherein they keep their Gold lockt up with the key of niggerliness; for they think that the use of money serves for nothing, but the more to inable gallant men to do gallant things. The wonder was yet the greater, for that it was said, the Vertuosi concur'd so unanimously in this Declaration, as it mist but a little, that this vocation, held at first so sordid, was not added as an eight to the seven Liberal Sciences. The meaner sort of the Litterati could hardly believe that this Paradox was ap∣proved by the noblest sort of Parnassus: For Aristotle, Plato, Averoes▪ and many other antient Litterati of the first Classis, did highly praise this resolution of the Assembly, confessing all, that no nobler art, no more honorabler exercise, nor greater advantage could be had or made by great men, then that of Inn-keeping: Alwaies provided that they should be ve∣ry circumspect in lodging certain quallified passengers, who upon occasi∣ons which daily occur, might with half a penful of •…•…nk▪ and one little word, make their Host happy, and not only pay for their supper and horse meat, but make good the losses he had suffered by such as feed upon other mens costs, and pass for noddies.

Presently upon this Declaration, many generously minded men of Par∣nassus, and who were formerly verst in the Noble Husbandry of sowing good turns, and reaping gratitude, betook themselves to the chief high∣waies, where they have built commodious Inns to take Sturgeons with Pilcherts. And Alberto Pio, Conte de Carpi, one of his Majesties Coun∣cel of State, dispatcht away an express by Post, to acquaint his Nephew Octavius Aquaviva, who was then in the Court at Rome, with this news. This nobly minded Prince, and worthy successor to his vertuous forefa∣thers, as soon as he had read the Letter of so high advertisement, took Post, and riding to•…•…ds the high-way which leads from Rome to Tus•…•…ny, did •…•…mmediately erect a publick and Royal 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in Viterbo, with the signe of the blew Lyon, where he nobly treated all the Princes, and other gallant Gentlemen that past by that way; and did this with such Host-like chear∣fulness, as having twice lodged Cardinal Nicolas Sfondrato very▪ suddenly, the said Cardinal being afterwards made Pope, remembring how good cheer his Host had made him at Viterbo, and considering the Noble bloud, and great worth and me•…•…s which did 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 so great a

Prelate, he caused him to be sent for to Rome, and discoursing with him of what he had eaten at his Inn, did gratefully requite him with a sallet of boyl'd succory, a dish of delicate porredg, with Wardens rosted in the embers, and with a Cardinals Cap, in despight of some poorly conditi∣oned fellows, who are not ashamed to give scurvy nic-names to the ac∣commodation which we receive by being well lodged, and which ought to be esteemed a great happiness.

The XLIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

A Litterato severely punished for saying that Duels were sometimes necessary.

THe Argumentation had three daies ago between certain Litter•…•… in the Peripatetick Portico, whether his Majestie had done well or no, to forbid Duels upon so severe penalties, was very remarkable for the m•…•…∣fortune it occasioned to some: For the Disputation was no sooner end∣ed, but those who had held that oft-times such differences might arise be∣tween souldiers and other persons, as not being to be decided but by the sword, Duels were necessary, were seised upon and condemned to the Gallies. The wonder of this so sudden sentence was increased, it being clearly seen, that even Justice her self, which was never known to shew a∣ny passion in any whatsoever occasion, did not at this time conceal her anger against those that were sentenced.

Some of the wisest of this Court say, that she had much reason to ap∣pear so incensed, since her reputation was so deeply concern'd by those who had dared to affirm that it was possible for some differences to fall out amongst men, as were not to be decided by her Laws, without the use of Duels.

The L. ADVERISEMENT.

The Dukes, Marquisses, and other Titulati of Parnassus, complain grievously to Apollo, that their honorable Ti∣tle of Excellency, should be given to Doctors of Law, and Physick.

THe Duke of Aganippe's wife fell sick the last week of a dangerous Feaver; he therefore forthwith called together a Colledg of the best Physitians of this Court, wherein for his better satisfaction, he would be

present himself. And it fell out, that whilst these Physitians were arguing the business amongst themselves, they gave the Title of Excellency to one another: Whereat the Duke was so scandalized, as not being a∣ble to endure that so high a Title, and which in this our age is so ambi•…•…∣ously coveted by great men, should be frequently used by those thread∣bare Doctors; not tarrying to hear their result, departed from them, and went to find out divers Princes to whom the Title of Excellency is given; and told them they must make head, and no waies tollerate that so •…•…ignal a Title should be abused by Doctors of •…•…aw and Physick. The Princes were so wel pleased with this motion, as •…•…y immediately presented them∣selves before Apollo, and complained grievously that the Princely Title of Excellency should be used by those Doctors, for whom the Title of Sir, or Master, was too much. Apollo gave them no other answer, but that they should send for the parties to appear; which was done. So as the Doctors of both these professions appeared the next day before A∣pollo, who (the Princes their adversaries being present) said it was well known to all men, that Lawyers and Physitians were in the world long before there were any Dukes or Princes, who had their beginnings only since the Goths, and other barbarous Nations passing into Italy, divided it amongst them, into petty Principalities, till when the names of Dukes, Marquisses, and Earls were never heard of; and that the Doctors of Law and Physick, from the first plantation of Learning, had the Title of ex∣cellency given them, which they had ever since peacefully possest; and that those first Titolati which were seen in Italy, took upon them the Title of Excellency, as being a thing which was highly esteemed of by Lawyers and Physitians; and that since the Titolati were of much later standing then Doctors, no Justice would permit that the latter should deprive the more ancient, of the Title of Excellency: and that if the Princes their adver∣saries thought that that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of less repute for being used to Sholars, they might leave it, and take to themselves one which they should like better; but that they were very sorry, that in these Modern times the Liberal Sciences should be of so small esteem, as it should be accounted a dishonour that Physitians and Doctors of Law should use the Title of ex∣cellency, which the ancient Dukes took from Doctors, as a thing which they did much value. And then they added, that for the eternal glory of Learning and to incourage men to learn the Liberal Sciences, the re∣wards of honorable Studies ought rather to be increased then diminished. To this the Princes answered, That the first foundation laid by the Do∣ctors, that the Titolati had taken the Title of Excellency from them, was false▪ for that the most of them had purchast it at deer rates from Su∣pream Princes.

To this the Doctors reply'd, That if to enjoy the Title of Excellency at dear rates, made for any advantage in this dispute, the Doctors of both these professions might say that they had paid dearly for the degree of Doctor, which brought with it the •…•…itle of Excellency to the Colledg which had given them that Degree. The Princes reply'd with a great deal of contempt and derision, that it was very strange that Doctors should pretend to parallel their excellencies which might cost them 50 crowns, with that of Dukes and Princes which required many thousands; and that the difference between the one and the others excellency, was easily discerned by the difference of the price. It appeared strange to

Apollo, that the Princes should presume to enjoy the name of Excellency at a dear rate: and he told them, that they by their monies had purchas∣ed the substance of the Estate which they possest, not the vain-glorious Title. But that Doctors who did first possess the substance of learning by their perpetual labour and watchings, might justly say that they had purchast the Title of Excellency, when they parted with their monies for the Degree of Doctor. To this the Princes answered with a deep sigh fetcht even from the bottom of their heart, that his Majestie was in the wrong; for many of them had purchast the Title without any State; when to a Castle or place wh•…•… they had enjoy'd from their Supreme Prince with the Title of Baron or Lord, they had purchast the Title of Duke or Prince, only that they might be honoured with the Title of Ex∣cellency. Apollo was so much distasted hereat, as he presently made an Edict, whereby he commanded all Kings and Emperors, that for the fu∣ture they should abstain from such like Mercandize, as from a thing un∣lawfull; and granted all Priviledges and Prerogatives which the Law by way of charity doth afford to Widows, Orphans, Idiots, and other mise∣rable people in demanding full restitution ex capite enormissimae saesionis, to those silly people who would throw away their money to buy smoak without roast-meat. Then to rid himself of this troublesom controver∣sie between the Princes and Doctors, he referred it to the Tribunal of the sage Grandees of the Liberal Sciences, who upon hearing of the fact, were to determin it: Before whom when the Dukes and Doctors appeared, after two hours dispute, those Judges gave sentence, that though the Ti∣tle of Excellency which was used by Doctors, and given to Princes, was of the same matter, quality and substance, yet it was the goods of For∣tune which was honoured in Princes with the Title of Excellency, and in Doctors, those of the mind. The Dukes thought then that the sentence was favorable on their behalf; wherefore with a scornful smile they said to the Doctors, These Judges have cleared the question once for ever. At the hearing whereof, the Doctors, who smiled inwardly at the simpli∣city of these Titolati, not to give themselves any further trouble, answer∣ed nothing. But when the Princes had conferred with their Learned Councel, who told them that the sentence made for the Doctors, they prest his Majestie that they might be suffered to appeal: Apollo troubled at the Princes pressures, bad them be quiet; for they vilified the Title of Excellency, who bought it with their monies; not they who had won by their labour and study: And that if the Dukes, and other T•…•…tolati would purchase infinite honor to themselves, they should open their purses, and by rewarding the Professers of Learning acquire unto them∣selves the Title of Liberal; which with men of sound judgement, and perfect understanding, was thought to be much above that of Excellency, Highness, nay even that of Cesars sacred Imperial Majesty.

The LI. ADVERTISEMENT.

A Marquiss who caused his Genealogy to be made by Scipio Ammerati, found himself so ill dealt with by him, as he re∣demands the reward he gave him.

AT Scipio Ammerato's first entrance into Parnassus he opened a pub∣lick shop, where he still professes the mystery of making Genealo∣gies, and Pedigrees for principal Families, at which he is so expert, as he hath the chief work in this Court of that nature. Wherefore some months ago a Marquiss of some condition desired him that he would draw a Pedigree of all his Family, and endeavor carefully to find out the first original thereof, for which he would not be unthankful to him, and in part of payment he presently gave him 200 crowns of Gold. Ammerato spent divers months in this business, and at last found all that was possible to be found of that Lords Family, and drew it up into an exact form. By that Genealogy it was seen that this Lords Predicessors had been Mar∣quisses for above one hundred years, and that the first of his Family that possessed any Estate was a Captain, who for his good service done to an Emperor of Germany, had a Castle given him, which was called Marquiss. Ammeratus found that this Captains Father was a Physitian, that this Phy∣sitian was the son of a Notary, that the Father of this Notary was an Oyl∣man, descended from a Serjeant, who for some roguery was hanged; that this Serjeant was son to a Matrix-maker, who was descended from a Gentleman of Savoy, who for having conspired against his Prince, was put to death: Whose son, when he was very young, being sent by the Prince of Savoy to shift for himself, was taken into the house of meer charity by the said Matrix-maker, who having taught him his Art, adopted him his son. The Gentleman of Savoy was son to a great Count, whose Father, Grand-father, great Grand-father, and great great Grand-father had been of good esteem in that County, which was purchast by a Courtier, a great favorit to the Prince of that time. This Courtier was found by authen∣tick Records, to be the son of a certain Jew, whose name was Salamon, who becoming afterwards a Christian, was called Arnoldo; and this Jew being come from Rhodes, his pedigree could be no further pried into: Ammirato having arived at this, presented the Lord with this Genealogy; who seeing the great bulk thereof, not looking into the contents, seemed to be well satisfied, and gave Ammirato a thousand crowns. But when he read the loathsomness of his Family, and the mean condition of divers who were registered in his Genealogy, he returned to Ammirato, and told him that instead of an honorable pedigree which he had desired him to make, he had composed an infamous Libel against him. Then giving him back his Genealogy, re-demanded the moneys which he had given him, saying, he used to reward those who would cover his shame, not those who would lay it open to the world. But he was soon quieted, when Am∣mirato told him he should do wisely in not being over-curious in seeking

far into the Antiquity of his house; for that the wheel of this world turn∣ing continually round, and in a short space of time laying those low, who a little before were at the highest pitch, they who were too ambitiously desirous to know who their progenitors were from the flood, would find many in their Genealogy stained with the like blemishes as his was.

The LII. ADVERTISEMENT.

A dispute arising amongst the Vertuosio touching the truth of certain Sayings and Speeches of wise men, their true mean∣ings were argued and resolved in the General Dyet celebra∣ted in Helicon.

THe Sayings, Sentences and Answers of the wise, are the Laws, Acts, and Statutes which are observed by the Vertuosi in this State; and therefore Apollo is very careful that they may be perfectly true, and ex∣actly good. And because many days since a great dispute arose amongst the Literati touching the truth of some of them; according to custom, in a business of so great weight, the General Diet of the Vertuosi was intimated in Helicon: Wherein the first thing that was called in questi∣on was, whether or no the common saying was true, That wise men and fools are cozened by fair words and foul deeds. Many were for the Affirmative, saying, that the cunning of divers modern wits was ar∣rived at that height of double dealing, as there were many good people, who being fed with good words, were afterwards paid with bad per∣formances; and that it was daily seen, that double dealers did by their fallacious speeches turn and winde plain meaning men as they listed, and led them by the nose at their pleasure, though they were held generally to be wise men. Yet it was resolved by the major part of the Dyet, that in times past the saying was allovv'd of with much reason, and pra∣ctised as a true one; but that novv adays by the overdaring boldness of dissemblers, vvho vvere openly seen to cheat and cozen the eyes of the simplest, and very Ideots vvere so opened, as believing onely such things as they savv plainly by noon-day, and touched vvith their hands, none but fools vvere cheated vvith good vvords and bad deeds; for vvise men vvho vvere avvare of these vvicked mens vvays, did not onely not at all believe them, but holding them to be Crosbiters and Cutpurses. shunn'd them as they vvould do the Plague: So as such as these being upbraided with their double dealing, durst no longer shevv their faces amongst honest men; but like Ovvls and Bats, appeared onely by night, to hide their shame by darkness. It vvas next taken into consideration, vvhether the proverb, Omne solum Forti patria est, To a stout man all the vvorld is his Countrey, vvere absolutely true or no. The first day, vvhich vvas vvholly spent in hot disputation upon this point, the Dyet seemed to think it vvas a great error to question a Sentence, vvhich till then vvas held undeniable by the unanimous consent of all Schools; since

it vvas plainly seen, that gallant and worthy men were cherished and wel∣come vvheresoever they came; and that no Prophet being approved of in his ovvn Countrey, men highly minded, and of generous spirits, had reason to account that their Countrey, vvhere their vvorth vvas valued; and vvhere, vvithout being envyed by their neighbours, every man was valued according to his true vvorth, that they onely should esteem that for their Countrey wherein they were born, whose foolish behaviours abroad made them be accounted odious foreigners; yet the adverse party had the better, so as the saying was repealed as false: For by the Vertuosi of the Dyet, it was found to be directly contrary to the Di∣vine will of God: For God being pleased, for reasons unknown to man, to make the whole fabrick of the earth of a like fertillity and plea∣santness; and yet it being his will, that the most barren mountains should be as well inhabited by men, as the most fruitful valleys, and the scorch'd and frozen climates, as well as the Temperate, he with wisdom worthy of himself, did infuse into the heart of man so exces∣sive a love unto his Countrey, thereby obfuscating his judgement and understanding; as he hath taken from man the knowledge of better, who still thinks that Countrey the most delicious where he is born: A love so necessary, as were humane creatures deprived thereof, they would abandon the Craggy Alpes, the frozen Northern parts, and the scor∣ched Southern ones, and with infinite confusion flock all of them to the temperate Countreys of Europe and Asia; and that wilde beasts, and all other creatures did clearly evidence this, who governing themselves by natural precepts, were seen to live perpetually in those Countreys wherein they were bred; and though they were swift of wing, and fleet of foot, yet they were contented with the small circuit of their own Countrey. That therefore Hares, when hunted from their seats by dogs, in flying from them are so frighted with the sight of new Coun∣treys as fearing new places, more then the hounds teeth, they return to dye where they were first started. That the curiosity of man had observed, that Swallows by so long a Tract both by sea and land, return to build their nests in the same place from whence they went the year before. After this averdment, it was much disputed by the Deputies of the Dyet, whether the proverb Festina lente, were true or no? And it was said, That it being impossible at one and the same time both to run and walk slowly, the proverb contained contrarieties, and was therefore impossible to be put in practise; for slowness could not consist with swift∣ness, and that it was impossible to use mature deliberation, where pre∣cipitation was wisdom. And in this particular Tacitus his opinion was much approved, who freely said, that Nullus cunctationis locus est in co concilio, quod non potest •…•…duri, nisi peractum: quia non cunctatione op•…•…s ubi per•…•…tior fit quies quam Temeritas. Tacit. lib 1. Histor. there is no room for delay in that advice, which admits not of praise till it be ex∣ecuted; for where pawsing is more dangerous then rashness, there needs no delay. In this variety of opinion, the Dyet that they might ma∣turely resolve the business, caused the Emperor Flavius Vespatianus to be sent for, whom they demanded in what sense he who first used that saying Festina lente, dict understand it; and whether by those words he would teach others Mature haste. To this Vespatian answered, That he did not set up the Impress of the Anchor and the Do•…•…phin, with the

motto which was so well known, in that sense which was afterwards commonly given unto it; for he very well knew, that many occasions might happen, wherein precipitation was to be esteemed great wis∣dom, and according to the French, first to act, and then to argue and resolve. But that by Festina lente, he would have wisely admonished his Romans Lente Festinare, to be flower in making feasts, for that in Rome where there were many Beagles which were very well sented to find out wild beasts, though in never so secure a harbour; and great store of swift-Greyhounds, and abundance of those two legged Ani∣mals, who being of a wilde nature, Fiunt occupantis, have no certain owner, the too frequent use of feasts was nothing else but to hunt for Horns, and fill ones budget with them. After this Interpretation of his impress, given by Vespatian, which was fully satisfactory to the whole Dyet. It was propounded, whether the usual proverb, Rosso Mal pel•…•…, beware of a red head were true or no? And because of all men, those that have red hair drink most, and therefore are accounted brave fel∣lows, jovial companions, truth tellers, and pleasantly disposed, no ways revengeful nor cruel, but much given to pastime; red hair seemed to be best, for those who desired to appear before men with countenances which might purchase them good will and credit amongst men. The Dyet did unanimously vote for the repealing of the proverb, and vvith a joynt vote declared it to be false. When at the very instant that the decree vvas entring, the vertuous Lady Victoria Colonna, vvho in the Dyet represented the vvhole University of Poetesses, briskly opposed it, and caused the vvhole Dyet to alter their opinion. For she told them, That they had revoked the truest saying that ever proceeded from the mouth of any vvise Philosopher: For (said she) the proverb Rosso mal pelo, did not vvarn men (as it vvas commonly believed) to bevvare of red hair, but vvomen, and especially married vvives, that they should by all means avoid it, as a treacherous hair. For there being but fevv men of that complexion, if one of them chance to be more then ordinary gra∣cious with a Lady, he is sooner taken notice of for a Whore-master, then those vvhose more ordinary hair serves to cloak their knavery. The interpretation given by the Lady Victoria, appeared to the vvhole Dyet to be true, and vvorthy the judgement of so noble a Poetess. So as vvhen this controversie vvas ended, the great Delfick Chancellour questioned the saying, Ubi Bonum ibi patria, great diligence vvas used in the discussing a business of such importance: and the Literati said, That the greatest part of Humane felicity, consisting in the vvealth vvhich men possess, they knevv not v•…•…hy that should not be esteemed a mans happiest Countrey, vvhere his greatest riches lay, for the Countrey vvhere men live by their labour, and by vvages purchast by svveat, vvas by vvise men esteemed an unfortunate abode, not a delicious Countrey. It vvas notvvithstanding unanimously agreed upon, That in former times the proverb vvas held to be very true, but that in these days, vvherein the ravenous nails of Fischi, Promoters vvere grovvn longer then Vul∣tures clavvs, or Lyons pavvs, and vvherein great revenues, upon occa∣sion of any Delinquency imputed to vvealthy men, served of times for conclusive proofs, and undeniable arguments, to enrich Princes Treasu∣ry by confiscasions, it vvas a blessed thing to live in Italy, and have a mans estate in Iapan.

The LIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo at last grants admittance into Parnassus to Francisco Sforza, Duke of Milan, which he had long denyed to do, upon a hard condition, which he accepted of.

COunt Fr. Sforza, he who by his extraordinary military valor purchast the Dukedom of Millan, whereby he rendred his Family as famous and honourable as the like of the greatest Princes. Though 140 years be past, since at the great desire of the Souldiery and Literati, he came to the confines of this State, yet he was never suffered by Apollo to en∣ter into Parnassus; and though the chiefest Princes of this Court, who did always admire the great worth of so gallant a man, have perpetual∣ly interceded for him, his Majestie notwithstanding, without ever making the cause known, hath always denyed him that favour. But being prest thereunto much more then usually eight moneths ago by Lo∣dowick the eleventh, King of France. Apollo answered resolutely, That he infinitely loved Sforza's worth and extraordinary merit, but that for good respects he would not admit so scandalous a man into Parnassus. To this that King, who was so knowing, couragiously answered, that in respect of the Dukes extraordinary military valour, his excellency in councel, his singular dexterity, his quick dispatch, his continually un∣corrupted faith, and his other heroick vertues, wherein he did so abound, he thought that the true Patron of worthy Commanders, and the Idea of a Prince greatly wise in peace, and infinitely valliant in war, was ra∣ther to be admitted into Parnassus, then any thing that was scandalous. To this reply Apollo answered, That he did not gain-say the Dukes great deserts; but that man beginning happily already to discern the false Alchimy of the Militia, and the unhappy use of the Souldiers craft, he would not, by admitting of the Duke into Parnassus, renew the repu∣tation of rash and hiddy giddy men; and so much the rather, for that the foolish sort of men, for their greater calamities, were more en∣couraged to despise the danger of Navigation, for one onely ship that returned safe into the haven, then they were terrified for 1000 that were sunk in the sea. Apollo added, that he was more desirous to admit the Duke into Parnassus, then the Duke was to be there: Wherefore he wish'd King Lewis to tell him, that he would very willingly grant his request, if at his entrance into Parnassus he would onely bring such with him, as had come to an unfortunate end in the pay they took from the Sforzeses Militia. The Duke thought this condition to be hard and shameful; and was long in dispute with him self, whether he should ac∣cept of it or no; for the desire of glory pleaded on the one side, but then he was deterd to know that the Militia promising so fairly, and coming off so ill, he was to bring with him the unfortunate attendance of those that were miserable, and much to be bemoned. In this so great doubt, this Heroes endelss desire of glory got the upperhand; wherefore

he signified to Apollo by his Secretary Simonetta, that he willingly ac∣cepted of what was proffered him in his Majesties name; and Apollo immediately appointed a day for his entrance, which was the 19 of this present moneth. When the Princes and famous Commanders of this Court knew this the Dukes resolution, they were much troubled there∣at, and left nothing undone to make him change his resolution, which they knew was to bring great prejudice to the whole Militia. But the Duke, standing still stedfast to his resolution, resolutely answered those Princes, that he was fully resolved to purchase a place in Parnassus at what rate soever, let whatsoever mischief befal the mysterie of war. For that Fisher-man was not to be esteemed ungrateful to his occupation, who being grown very wealthy by the great gain he had got by Fishing, burnt his boat, and tore his nets. He presently therefore called for such as he did most confide in, whom he commanded to muster together all those Souldiers who had miscarryed in the Sforzese Militia, which were a very infinite number; and the next Wednesday about 6 a clock, the Duke all armed made his entrance: never was there a sadder nor more woful spectacle beheld: For it exceeded all the greatest miseries, and made tears to fall even from the hardest hearted men, to see an infinite num∣ber of young men, well provided of fortunes, who lived at ease, enjoy∣ing all delights in their fathers houses, dead of hunger, and starved in Hospitals; some lying dead in ditches, many on the high-ways, and an infinite number drown'd, serving for food to dogs and fishes, others all rent with wounds, some trod to death by horses, others begging their bred by the high-way, not having received sufficient recompence from those Princes in whose service they had lost their blood, and ex∣posed their lives to a thousand dangers, to carry them back to their own houses, which they had so unfortunately forgon. And every one wept when they saw a yong Gentleman of about twenty years old, who be∣ing shot into the eye by a cross-bow arrow, whereof he dyed, and who having been told by Guido Bonati, a famous Astrologer, that if he would be so wise as to keep in his own Countrey, he might assuredly live to be fouscorce year old; the same Guido Bonati tenderly imbracing him, said, O unfortunate young lad, Why wert thou so foolish as to sell 60 years of life for sixpence? Then fearful curses were heard against the first in∣troducers of war. The next day after the Dukes entry, the most ac∣complished Literati came to Apollo, and told him, he very well knew that there was no difference between the miseries of war and Courtiers unhappiness. For if war were miserable, Courts were nothing but af∣flictions; if Souldiers were unhappy, Courtiers were unfortunate; that therefore since the sad spectacle of Duke Sforza's entrance into Parnas∣sus had infused such dread into all the Militia, as it was abhorr'd by all men, it would be equally advantagious to the world, if when any Cour∣tier were admitted into Parnassus, who was risen from a mean condition to the supremest dignities, he should (as the Duke had been) be accom∣panied by all those miserable Courtiers, who suffering under the Avarice and ingratitude of several Princes, dyed despairing. This advice was rejected by Apollo as pernitious, who said, that men had more need be incouraged to go to Court, then terrified from going thither; for though but few came by any dignities, wealth or honor, yet all of them inriched their souls with the purchase of several vertues; which was so true, as

he thought he deserved not the name of a compleat Gentleman, who having spent many years in Court, had not been Scozzonato, had not learnt his lesson well.

The LIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

A dangerous contention which arose amongst the Pedagogs in Parnassus upon a very ssight occasion, is appeased by Apollo.

YEsterday about eight of the clock a great alarm was sounded in the Gramarian Quarters, which made all the Vertuosi run to see what the matter might be: and they found that the Schoolmasters, Panegyrical writers and Commentarors, were fallen so foully together by the ears in Brigadoes, as there was much ado to part them The dispute which arose between them was, Whether the word Consumptum were to be written with a P, or onely with a T. Apollo was much troubled at this dispute, not onely for the mean cause of the quarrel, but for that Paulus Manutius (vvho vvas thought to be a chief actor in this brabble) hit Lambino in the face (vvho stifly maintained the contrary opinion) with a Roman stone, vvhereon Consumptum vvas vvritten vvith a P, vvherevvith he broke his nose. Apollo, vvho vvas at first much incensed at the Pedanticks mean folly, vvas so highly scandalized at this nevv excess, as he commanded the Pretor Urbano to rid Parnassus of that Sottish crevv of Pedants. But aftervvards, at the intreaties of Cicero, Quintillian, and others of the chiefest Literati of this Court, vvho interceded for those bravvling people, saying, That those Pedanticks could not fall out for any matter of moment, vvho vvere onely acquaint∣ed vvith slight affairs, his Majestie vvas appeased.

The LV. ADVERTISEMENT.

For remeady of many disorders which are found in Histo∣ry, a General Assembly of Historians being summoned, Apollo publisheth a severe Edict against them, and ma∣ny Historians are reprehended for their errors.

THe General Assembly of all Historians, vvhich vvas intimated some moneths ago by the Censors, by express order from Apollo, to meet in Delos, vvas ended tvvo days ago, much to his Maj. satisfaction, by rea∣son

of the excellent orders that therein vvere established in a business, wherein the eternal Fame of those things consist, which are composed by gallant men. This caused the more general content in all the Ver∣tuosi, for that modern Writers have strayed far from those laws which they devoutly promised to observe when they took the oath of Historians before Apollo; and because the importance of the business doth deserve it, Menante will not grudge to give you the very Edict which was pub∣lished yesterday morning in his Majesties name by the sound of Trumpet in the Market places, and afterwards posted upon all the Colledge gates of this State.

We Phoebus, by the Grace of God Emperor of the fixed Stars, King of Planets, Prince of the Zodiack, Duke of Light, Marquis of Gene∣ration, and Earl of all visible things; To all our faithful Vertuosi, and well-beloved Literati, health. We having much to our displeasure found, that many modern Historians have much wandred from that way of truth, which was walked in to the publique good of others and their private honor, by our faithful Pen-men Dionysius, Livy, Salust, Tacitus, and many others; to the end that future Ages which do so eagerly read History, may be sure to find truth from the pens of faithful Writers, and not be abused by lies given out unto them by flattering and mali∣cious ignorant Historians, do by this our Edict, which is to continue for ever, call into the memory, and give notice to all those who undertake the noble work to eternize by their writings the actions of famous men, that they must always remember, that being to write, not to the pre∣sent, but to those that are to come, they publish writings full of that Historical truth, which renders the names of sincere Pen men glorious and eternal to future ages: And that they should value the blame and threats of such as are justly taxed for their unworthy actions, but as dung; there being no more woful folly, then continually to labor with pen in hand how to shame themselves, by writing falsehoods, without any advantage to those whom they flatter, declaring, that to publish false Histories, is to assassinate the Vertuosi who read them: And therefore our will and pleasure is, That those who run into so enormous excesses, be irremissably punish'd by the like assassination. And because it is appa∣rent that Princes have arrogated so much authority even over the free pens of Historians, as not to suffer any thing to be written of them, though it be true, which is not fully to their satisfaction (a pretension which hath so banished historical truth from the pens of writers) as the great wits of our choicest Vertuosi being frighted by the base fawnings whereby modern Princes will be flattered, the weighty imployment of writing History, reserved onely for the choicest Pen-men, is now adays (to the great shame of the present age and infinite damage of the future) fallen in the hands of ignorant people: We therefore by reason of this foul disorder, are forced to put Princes in mind, That their Authority ceasing with their lives, they are fools if they believe they are able af∣ter their deaths to hinder our Vertuosi from writing the truth of their actions to future times. And we do more particularly advertise the same Princes, That their valliant carrying of themselves in affairs which require freedom, is the cause why our faithful Historians, esteeming them∣elves offended by so much severity, out of meer rage of revenge, after he lives of such Emperors, write rather Invectives then Histories, as

the Emperors Tiberius, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, have to their great shame •…•…ound. And to obviate the great inconvenience, occasioned by their ignorance▪ who in these modern times do 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the worth of History by their Sottish writings, o•…•… will and pleasure is and we do expresly command, That hereafter no man, of what degree o•…•… condi∣tion soever he be, shall dare to write History, unless he be first approved of for purity of language, by Iulius Caesar; for •…•…ence by Livy; for policy, by Tacitus; for the good understanding of Princes interest, by Guicchardin. And more over under pain of perpetual infamy, we do ex∣presly prohibit for the future, the writing particular Histories of any what∣soever City, unless it be the Metropolis of some Empire, Kingdom▪ or great Province: And this we do, to the end that the precious jewel of Time be not mispent in mean things, both by him that writes, and by him that reads. And for the same reason we ordain, That it shall not be lawful for any writer, to publish the life of any Commander, un∣less he have commanded in chief in some Armies, or had deserved his pay twenty times told, won some Provinces, besieged and taken some strong holds, and have sought two set battels at least in open fields. And to take away all abuses that may be committed by ambitious men, we declare, That those whose lives any one shall undertake to write, have the same requisite parts as were in Bellisarius, in Narsetes, in Godfrey of Bullen, in Alexander Fernese. And to rid the world as much as may be of a certain arrogant Ambition which is known to reign in many, we likewise command. That it be not lawful to write any particular History of any Family, unless it be made appear to our Colledge for History, that it hath maintained it self famous and illustrious in the world for full five hundred years, with plenty of Personages who have put a period to important wars, and honourable undertakings; and that in this parti∣cular they take our glorious and well-beloved Families of the Orsina's, Caietans and Collenesses for their examples. And because it is well known by many former examples, that to suffer an ambitious man to write his own acts, is to put a naked sword into a mad mans hands, we do expresly command, That it shall not be lawful for any one to write any Commentary or formal Story of his own life, unless he have given in sufficient security to contain himself within the terms of modestie and truth; and unless he be declared by our Colledge of Historians to be so eminent a Personage, as his actions deserve to be consecrated to Immor∣tality for the good of future ages. And to extirpate the wicked vice of Flattery out of the world, to the which (to our infinite grief) we see our Vertuosi are much inclined, we do expresly command, That it be not lawful for any writer to publish the life of any whatsoever Hero, though he be Emperor or King, before he be dead, allowing mention of men whilst alive to be onely made in general Histories, or in some short par∣ticular Elogies. Moreover, to shun the infinite follies which are daily seen in many Histories, our express wil & pleasure is, that it be not lawful for any writer to compose the Historie of any particular foreign Nation, unless he have lived for the space of twenty years in that Countrey, whose Story he will write. And for the like reason we do forbid any whatsoever Vertuosi to undertake to write History, unless he have tra∣velled many Provinces; unless he have been Secretary or Counsellour to some great Prince, or be not Senator to some famous Common∣wealth;

and chiefly unless he have spent two third parts of his life in fol∣lowing Courts, which we have judged to be the more requisite, for that in our Delfick Library we find some Histories written by Courtiers, who are altogether ignorant of the purity of Languages and of all the most important precepts of the Art of writing History; but so abounding in smart politick precepts, as they make clearly appear that it is the parti∣cular vertue of accomplished Courtiers to publish to posterity, not such things as they have gathered up by hear-say, but the most hidden in∣trinsical meanings of Princes, which they by their quick speculative wits have known how to penetrate into. And because in many volume∣nous Histories, we read bitter invectives against the Nation which is an enemy to the place where the Author of the History lives, we do here renew our Edicts published in this particular some years ago; wherein for the indemnity of Historical truth from the blames imputed by one Nation to another adverse Nation, we have ordained, That an abate∣ment shall be allowed of 60 per cent. And because we are assured, That the sad loss to learning, of the greatest part of our beloved Livies pretius Dechads, is occasioned soly by Lucius Florus, we do expresly command, That from henceforth it be not lawful for any one to epitomize or write a breviate of the writings of any whatsoever Historian. So also, with all the plenary power that we have over learning, we forbid all our Ver∣tuosi, at any time hereafter to write the universal History of the world, or of any particular Nation, which like the famous Romans, French or Saracins have done gallant acts, compendiously, or in small volumes; as many have done to little or no purpose, who have written the actions of all Nations, from the beginning of the world to their own times, in a few sheets; experience having taught all men, that the reading of things so succinctly written, is altogether unuseful, it being unpossible to reap that abundant fruit, which is tasted in particular Histories, where not meerly res gesta, the thing done is related, but the reasons and counsels thereof. In the last place, we put the reverend Preisthood in mind, that they attend to the reading and writing of sacred things; and leave the writing of profane Histories to those lay people, who think it a meretorious truth not a sinful murmuring, to asperse the actions of Princes, or private men, who have done things amiss. Given at our Zodiack, the 20 day after our entrance into Libra, the year of our la∣borious course, 5570.

After the publication of so severe an Edict, it was whispered in this Court (but because the business was carryed very secretly; and Menante, who advertiseth nothing but truths, tells it not for an assured verity) that many Historians, yea even of the first Classis, were severely reprehend∣ed: For tis said, that Iulius Caesar was commanded, that within twen∣ty days he should not fail to add the breaking open of the Roman Ex∣chequer in his Commentary, punctually as it passed; and that he should therein mention certain other particulars, which being more then mean∣ly loathsom, he had forborn to relate, lest it might entrench too nearly upon himself. That uetonius Tranquillus was severely reprehended, for that having made more open profession then any other Literato, to be ve∣ry circumspect in his writings, he had notwithstanding recounted such obscene lasciviousness of Tiberius, of not forbearing in his lust to make use of sucking caildren, pollutions which howsoever ought not to be

spoken of, not onely in respect that Historians cannot affirm those lewd actions for truths, which in point of lust are done in the dark, when doors are shut; but for that such things (though truths) ought not to be touched upon, which for the great scandal which they occasion, ought rather to beburied in oblivion, then divulged; it being the end of all Historians to insert vertue into mens minds, not to instruct vice. Tis said indeed, That Dion was told in milder terms, that History, which ought to be wholly real truths, the very pitch of politick instructions, needed not to be filled with the so often reiteration of those prodigies, with which he had so heaped up his writings, as they did even choak those that read them. And which was the more tedious, for that they had exceeded the bounds of discretion, both in their numbers and qualities: For Apollo his self smiled to see him write of so many showers of blood and stones; he not remembring that he had ever exhaled such Meteors, which were afterwards congealed into blood, or turned into stones. It is said, That Titus Livius, the father of the Roman Histories, blushed not a little at this reprehension which was given to Dion; perhaps, because he found himself guilty of the like errors: But it is certainly affirmed by all, that Lampridius was severely proceeded against; for by order of the whole congregation, his Histories were turned back upon his hands, and he was freely told, That he should go and teach those execrable lusts in the publike Classis, wherewith he had so delighted himself to fill his shameful papers, wherein he had written the lives of Heliogabalus, Cara∣calla, and other lascivious monsters of nature: It is also noised that Ma∣chiavel was reproved for his mad and desperate policy, with which he had so freely filled his Histories, and other writings, as he openly mani∣fested his desire was to draw his Readers into the same ditch of Impiety whereinto himself was shamefully fallen. Tis said, that in the next place the Congregation found fault with Guicchardin, for his having spoken amiss of the Venetian Commonwealth, the which was called by the whole Assembly, the Sanctuary of the Vertuosi, the true seat of perfect liberty, the Bulwark against Barbarians, the Mint of Libraries, the salt of humane wisdom, glory of the Italian Nation; and many do be∣lieve, that Guicchardin in the face of the whole Congregation, did not onely acknowledge, but bewail his error, alledging for his excuse, that meer envy to see the State of Venice grow daily more glorious in her eternal liberties, whilst the Florentines, by their domestick factions, lost their freedom, had made him so foully prevaricate; but that the Fame of Venice, the glory of that excellent councel, whereby she did (as a rare and onely example) daily increase both in State and reputation, was arrived at that height of splendor, as was not to be obscured by the pen of whatsoever passionate writer. It is also said, That Ialiano Goselini. Secretary to the Senat of Millan was sent for by the Censors; who told him, that certainly he thought he spoke to drunken men, when in the life wihich he writ of Don Ferrante Gonsaga, where he makes mention of the Apostolick sea, he did not stick to say, That her greatness was Cae∣sars particular care; and whilst Goseleni was about to defend what he had said, he was bid to go make Ballads, invented for flattery, it be∣ing the business of History to write real truths. And because Girola•…•…o Conestaggio, Conestaggio, Gentleman of Genua, had taken his History of Portugal out of the Delfick Library, which had been there many years before,

and had in lieu thereof given in another edition of the same History, which (as he said) was corrected in some places: The overseers of the Library, finding that he had rather abused then corrected that edition, which he had not reprinted (as he gave out) for the general good, but to give satisfaction to some, whose reputations were deservedly taken by him, he was told, That if he did not bring back the first edition in∣to the Library within eight days, the Assembly would put some affront upon him. For the ruine of the Portugueses being occasioned by those who had the care of instructing King Sebastian in his youth, it was very necessary, that by the unhappy end of so great a King, and by the mise∣rable calamities of the Portugueses, Princes should be taught to know, that the learned masters which are to have the care of breeding up their children in their youth, ought to be Commanders of tryed valour, and Senators of known Politick prudence.

The LVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo, to secure the rivers of his State from Pyracie, makes Bernardo Capello General of the Ionick Sea, and gives him excellent directions.

APPOLLO being desirous to provide against many evils which Learning suffers under by the Frigots of ignorant Pyrats, in the rivers of Corinth, declared Bernardo Capella two days ago, in the great Senat of Litterati, to be Admiral or General of the Ionick Sea; whom he strictly commanded, that to that purpose he should levy foot, and was content that he should take along with him some of the best born young Poets of that State; who to begin the mysterie of bearing arms, did offer themselves to serve his Majestie upon this occasion. Apollo afterwards sent for Capello, whom he strictly commanded, under the pain of being declared to be wofully ignorant, that he should molest none with his Gallies, but the Frigots of ignorant Pyrats; and that he should suffer Merchants ships, of what Nation soever, to go free, toge∣ther with their Merchandize, to do them all possible honour; and that he should be ayding to them upon all occasions, as they well deserved, for that by theirnoble industry, men enjoyed the commodities of the remotest Countreys; to the end that the zeal that his Majestie desired to shew unto the world, of defending his subjects and their faculties from the rapine of Pyrats, might not be turned into a greater inconveni∣ence by his filling the Seas with new and a worser sort of Sea Rob∣bers.

His Majestie then said, It would be too shameful a thing that the robbing of publike Merchants ships should be done in the name of the most exquisitely vertuous Prince, who should be much to blame if he imployed his prime Nobility in such an exercise, wherein they should be∣gin their Militia with shame enough, if their first action should be to

pillage Merchants ships. And to the end that all the world might know, that his Majesty had no interest in a business of such weight, save only the publick good; he charged Capello to kill as many Pyrats as he should take; not only the more to terrifie so pernitious a race of men, but that so usefull a work might not by taking of ransoms, be turned into a pub∣lick prejudicial Merchandice; it being proved by many things which had hapned, that such Pyrats as had first been prisoners, and had afterwards purchast their Liberties, did very willingly expose themselves afterwards to all sorts of danger to reimburse the money which they had paid for their ransom. The last and chiefest order which his Majesty gave to Ca∣pello, was, that his charge being only to guard the Rivers belonging to Par∣nassus, he should keep himself from going out of them at any time▪ as he would do from fire, lest he might fall upon the same shame as those fools do, who forsaking their marriage-bed to commit adultery with other mens wives, became cuckolds.

The LVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Prince of Epire's first son being born, he is thereat so af∣flicted, as he forbids that any shews of joy be made for it in his State.

THe last Letter that came from Epire, bears date the 22 of this present month, and they tell us of the birth of a son to the Prince of Epire; and say that he being the first-born, the people of that Country were not only exceedingly joyed to see their Prince his succession secured, but that they and many of the neighbouring Lords prepared to make extraordina∣ry demonstrations of gladness. But the Prince was the only man who in this publick rejoycing was so very sad, as he forbad the Steward of his house, who went to take order for the expence of bone-fires, fire-works, and other expressions of joy for the birth of their young Master, to shew any signes of jollity; and bad him make the Fountains run with. Wi•…•…e, to proclaim open Court for forty daies in his house, spend a hundred thou∣sand crowns in Tilt and Turney, when he himself should have a son 〈◊〉〈◊〉; the Lord Steward wondred much at this the Princes answer, to whom he said, What means this, Si•…•…, is not the child that is bo•…•… your son, your wife having brought him forth twelve months after you were married▪ I now find, said the Prince, that privat me•…•… are not much acquainted •…•…ith the Interests of Princes. But to let you see that I have reason for what I say, tell me how old I am▪ Eighteen the twel•…•…th of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 month▪ re∣plyed the Steward. Confess then, said the Prince, that the child 〈◊〉〈◊〉 now born, is my brother, not my son; for privat men 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 children from their brethren by their birth•…•…; but Pri•…•… by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 age: and know that those shall be my best beloved sons, who shall be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…o me when I shall be 50 years old; and when any such shall be born, I will be content that extraordinary joy shall be shewn: For when sons are born

to a young Prince as I am, bels should rather toll out for sorrow, to Fu∣nerals, than Trumpets sound for joy: A Prince who marries whilst he is young, runs hazard of having a multitude of sons, which is the true stone of offence, of whatsoever State; this is so great a truth, as a King can re∣ceive no greater blessing from heaven, than to have but one only son a∣live. Moreover, a Prince who hath many sons whilst he is young, ought not to covet long life; for as Fathers desire to die with Supreme power in their hand; so sons, when they come to certain years of age, have not patience to wait till the Fruit of Government grow to be ripe by their Fathers death: for many great Kings have had sons, who blinded with a desire of reigning, would rather hazard their healths with eating green Grapes in Iune, then tarry till they should be ripe in September. If it be so, said the Steward, I must confess the condition of Princes is to be de∣plored in that, wherein we privat men do envie them. Know then, said the Prince, that when my son▪ who is now born, shall come to be one and twenty years old, and I shall not put him into full possession of this my Principality, if he shall then chance to contrive any thing against my Per∣son, or my State, it is I that shall therein have erred more then he. For it will be as great a discourtesie in me, not to resigne over unto him my State then, as it would be inhumanity in me, if when I should be eating at a plentifull Table, I should see him stand by, ready to starve for hunger, and not bid him eat.

The LVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo erects a new Tribunal in Parnassus, for the punish∣ment of flatterers; but succeeds very unfortunately therein.

THe civil and vertuous life which the Litterati lead in this State of Parnassus, is not so much to be attributed to the severe punishment threatned to such as are vitiously given, as to the great rewards held out to such as are vertuous; nor yet to the good genius which the Litterati are generally of, as to Apollos wisdom, who hath appointed several distinct Tribunals for every vice, for every fault omitted, and Judges thereunto ap∣propriated; for his Majestie hath learnt by the late disorders, that when his Ministers are troubled with but a few affairs, they dispatch them accu∣rately well; whereas those that have great store of business upon their hands, are neither speedy, nor very just in their dispatches. Nor was Apollo aware, till six months since, of the great disorder which reignes in this State, wherein many severe Tribunals being erected against all such principal vices whereinto men do most usually fail, there was no Judge nor punishment set apart for the vice of flattery, which his Majestie doth so much detest, and which is so pernitious both to Princes, and pri∣vat men. So as his Majestie thought that disease was so generally diffused

amongst men, chiefly because there was neither Physitian, nor Apotheca∣ry appropriated thereunto: Wherefore his Majestie who is alwaies vigi∣lant in the extirpation of all vice, and in procuring indempnity to his Ver∣tuosi, thought it very necessary to correct so great an error, and to curb so wicked a vice. He therefore of his own meer motion, erected a Tribu∣nal six months ago in this Court, under severe punishments against flatter∣ers: For his pleasure was, that such as should be found guilty of so foul a fault, should be tied to the infamous Chain which is in the chief Market∣place, and flead live by Marsia, who was very skilful thereat, having learnt it at his own charges: And for the more severe punishment of so enormous a vice, he chose the chief Satirical Poets of the State, as the greatest enemies of flatterers, to be their Judges. Peter Aratine was made Lord Chief Justice, Iuvenal the first Advocate; Ariosto Attor∣ney-General; Francis Berna, chief Notary, who had Nicholas Franco, and Cesar Caporali for his substitutes; and six months being past since the erecting of the Tribunal, in all which time no complaint came in against flatterers, though flattery were seen to be daily used in Parnassus; Apollo, that he might have occasion to punish those wicked persons, made use of a great many Spies, who diligently watching over them, might accuse them before the Tribunal. This remedy wrought good effect▪ for ere long they found Bartolomeo Cavalcanti, who flattering a foolish Prince; given to hunting, wantonness, all sorts of delights, neglecting the Govern∣ment of his State so far, as he had transferred the care thereof into the hands of one that was mercenary, ignorant, and very passionate, he term∣ed him vigilant, indefatigable in taking pains, an enemy to all pastime, which he had wholly placed in following business. Cavalcanti was sud∣denly seased upon; who upon examination, presently confest all that could he desired. Wherefore the Judge using all the mercy to him that could stand with Justice, allowed him three daies to make his defence, and Martia brandisht his knife about, and put all other things in order; when the Judge coming to examin the Prince who was flattered, found, that though he was notoriously known to be what was said of him, he pre∣tended notwithstanding, that Cavalcanti had not only spoke truth, but that in the praise which he with reason gave him, he came short of his de∣serts: So as being asked if he had any thing to alleadg against Caval∣canti, or whether he thought himself offended by his gross flattery, the Prince being much incenst, answered, that he had no reason to complain of one that had said truth, and that he did not esteem those praises which he ought to reward, injuries: and added, that he did very much wonder, and was greatly scandalized at that new Tribunal, which seemed to be in∣vented rather to defame men of honour, then to punish cheaters. Aretin being much moved at this answer, with more freedom then became him, asked with what face he could pretend that Cavalcanti had not lied basely in praising such a blockhead as he was, so notoriously stupid, unfit for Go∣vernment, which he had totally turned over to a vitious favorite of his? The Prince hearing this, advanc'd with unexpressible rage, and told Ara∣tine,

Tune dirai, e farai tante, e tante Lingua Fracida, marcia, senza sale,

Ch'al fin si trovera, pur un pugnale Meglior di quel d'Achille, epiu calzante. Saggio son Io, et tu sei un Fortante Nutrito del pan d'altri, del dir male, Un piede hai in Chiasso, l'altro allo spedale Stropecciato, ignorante, et arrogante.

Thou'lt talk, and do so many sottish things, With that thy rotten, base, unworthy tongue, As that a Dagger will be found ere long, Better then that Achilles with him brings. I'm wise, and thou a rascal underling Bred up at others Tables, men t'abuse, One foot i'th' Hospital, th' other i'th' Stews: Thou art an arrogant sot, Aratine.

The Attorney-General, the Notaries, and all the other Officeres, were so incenst to hear such words given to a Judge, the Court sitting, as they all fell with violent hands upon the Prince, to carry him to prison. But he that was better at his hands than head-piece, did not only defend him∣self, but assisted by his attendance, struck one of Aratines eyes almost out, broke Iuvenals arm, and Berna's jaw-bone; and poor Ariosto, who be∣took himself to his heels, when he saw the scuffle begin, fell down the stairs, and bruised himself terribly. When Apollo heard of this disorder, he was not so much grieved at the affront done to the Tribunal, nor the harm done to his Poets, as for that he now evidently saw, that there was no cure for flattery, nor no punishment to be found for it, since men were become so blind, as they esteemed the fawnings of flatteries, not injuries, but fa∣vours worthy of reward. Whereupon, much to his grief, he abbrogat∣ed the Tribunal, and confest it was impossible to punish a fault which no body would complain of.

The LIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo being very far in love with Torquato Tasso's good conditions, creates him Prince Poet, and Lord High Con∣stable of Italian Poetry.

TOrquatus Tasso being every day more and more admired in Parnassus; for his Heroick and Lyrick Verses, for his Prose, Poetry, and final∣ly in all sorts of Compositions, Apollo was so i•…•…mar'd of the smoothness of his pen, of the newness of his conceptions, his easie vain, and of his pleasant wit, as he used the other day, extraordinary signes of affection to∣wards him: For of his own meer motion, he created him Prince-Poet, and Lord High-Constable of all Italian Poetry: And at the same time with great solemnity, gave him the Royal Ensigns used to be given to

Poets Laureat, of being allowed to keep Parrets in his windows, and Apes at his gate. It is strange, that upon this occurrency, Tasso did not only make himself known to deserve the honour which his Majestie had done him, but worthy of much higher preferments. For he did not as many others do, who being exalted by Fortune, or by the pleasure of Princes, from a mean condition, to Supreme Dignities, think it is suffici∣ent if they put on the Stately Robe of that new Magistracy, though they leave their souls covered with an old base jacket, made of course cloth, and all tattered; but he immediately after having received so high an honour▪ clothed his soul with those Heroick and Royal Vertues, which becomes a Poet Laureat. For at the very instant that he received those Royal Ensignes from his Majesty, he kept open Court in his house for 40 daies together; in all which time, the Vertuosi of all professions were fed with such abundance and curiosity of delightfull Viands, as there was not any one Litterato in all Parnassus, who did not gorge himself with vertuous Composures, more then his stomack could digest, and who was not drunk with his savory conceptions. And all this with so great plen∣ty of all exquisite Science, as his Majesty and all the Muses marvailed ve∣ry much how the unexhausted multitude of so many elegant conceits, disht in with the choicest phrases, and smoothest way of delivery, could be served out by so fruitfuul a wit. But during this Jubile, and this Feassio'•…•… celebration, which gave general satisfaction, some pilfering Poets broke o∣pen Tassos most privat desk, where he kept his choicest Compositions, and stole away Aminta, which they divided amongst themselves; an in∣jury whereat Tasso was so much grieved, as it imbittered all his past de∣lights. And the Authors of so shameful a theft being discovered, and pursued by the Sergeants, they fled into the house of immitation, as into a secure sanctuary; from whence they were taken by the Provost Marshal, by Apollos express command, and shamefully led to prison. And one of them being found with the Prologue of the said Pastoral about him, he was forthwith punished according to the Sergeants custom, and question∣ed super aliis, & complicibus. Whereupon the wretch having the rope on, named 40 of his companion pick pocket. Poets, all of them base peo∣ple, who being given over to play, and to all lewdness, tend nothing else but to steal away the conceits of others labours, making themselves mer∣ry therewithall, abhorring to live gloriously in the world by the labour of their own studies. Urbanus the chief Justice, using the due rigor of the Law upon these sawcy companions, sentenced them to the Gallows; and the other morning many Gibbits were set up in the chief Market∣place, at the number whereof Apollo being much moved, he told the Judge, that though those thieves deserved the utmost punishment, he should notwithstanding give them some other severe exemplary chas∣tisement; for the detested cross-bars of Gallowses, made Justice be inter∣preted cruelty: They therefore deserved the name of good Officers, who made themselves known to be well sighted in forbidding faults; whereas such as thirsted after bloud, seemed to take delight in having Gal∣lowses often seen in the Piazzas, thinking that they had betterd their con∣dition, when they had got the name of being great Hangmen.

The LX. ADVERTISEMENT.

A Litterato desires of Apollo, the Art of Memory, for which he is laught at by his Majesty.

ON last Tuesdaies Audience, a poor thread-bare Litterato presented himself before Apollo, and told his Majesty, that by reason of his small learning, he durst not appear in the common Schools; and that his ignorance in Sciences proceeded from his very bad memory; for he re∣membred but very little of what he read: And that having a great desire to be a Scholar, he humbly craved some remedy which might produce in him as tenacious a memory as those great Litterati have, who remember whatsoever they do read: And be chiefly desireth the gift of Local me∣mory, whereby he had heard that they reaped great honor who had it. Apollo told him, That the lovers of Learning got good Memories by perpetual reading; and that Local Memory was a thing onely pra∣ctised by Mountebanks, and by the common sort of Litterati, who are sed with ostentation, and a certain vain-glory to appear more then what they are; and not by sound and well-grounded Schollars, who esteemed it a ridiculous thing, good only to make the common people wonder. The Petitioner replyed, That if it were so, he desired to better his memo∣ry by usual means. Apollo said again, That memory could not be bet∣ter perfected, then by continual study, and assured him, that thereby he might compass his desire. The Schollar replyed again, He had found the contrary: For having lately been very diligent in studying Virgil the mi∣racle of the Latin Poets, he remembred but very few of those infinite de∣licacies which he had observed in him, all which deserved never to be for∣gotten. Apollo was not pleased with this answer; for with some shew of anger, not usual with him in giving audience, at which times he puts on miraculous patience; he bad him go study Virgil again, and that he would remember much more the second time, than he had done the first. Then turning to those that were near him, he said, he hated their impertinances, who having been but a quarter of an hour in a Mill, would come forth as much bemealed, as those Millers who keep there day and night all the daies of their life.

The LXI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Juvinal refuseth a Challenge given him by Francisco Berni, to contend with him in Satyrical Poetry.

SOme Latin and Itallian Poets fell some few daies ago, a comparing the Itallian and Latin Poetry, when Lodovico Ariosto thinking that the Latins did too much undervalue Itallian Poetry, by too highly exalting their own, said that the Itallians yielded to the Latins for the Heroick Verse, which was grave and stately in the Latin tongue, and did observe a delightful cadence, by coupling the Dactils and Spondeas so excellently well; but that in Lyrick Poetry, he was of opinion they might march hand in hand together; and that for what concerned Satyrical Verse, the Itallians were so far advanced, as in the tartness of their pleasant concepti∣ons, in the mordacity of their more grave affairs, and in their easie ex∣pressing their conceits, they far exceeded the Latins. The Latins ap∣proved not of Ariostos opinion, and said in their own defence, they saw not why the Italian Poets should so much presume upon their skill in Satyri∣cal Poetry, there not being any one of them who might deservedly be compared to Iuvenal, nor who durst vie with Persius. Francisco Berni was present at this discourse, who having gon beyond all the terms of the bitterest backbiting, had so wounded even Aretines self with his cut∣ting Verses, as he bore the shamefull badges thereof in his face, brest, and hands. This man told the Latin Poets, that Iuvenal in respect of him, was an ignorant fellow in Satyrical Poetry; and that he would maintain this truth which he had spoken, fairly and freely, the first and second time, and even till blood came, in a bush of Bryars, not only against Iuvi∣nal, but against whatsoever other Satyrical Poet, yea though he had the advantage of a Commentator. It is not to be said how highly all the La∣tin Poets were incenst at the hearing of these words; who to abate the edge of this arrogant mans too great presumption, and to maintain the name of Latin, so much injured, they had like to have used superchery to him; but Horatio Venosino, desirous that this question might be fairly and honorably decided, appeased the incenst mindes of the Latin Poets, and told Berni, that he lied in all that he had said to the prejudice of Iu∣vinals honor; and that he had slandered a Poet whose pens he was not worthy to make clean, and that he in Iuvinals name accepted the chal∣lenge. He therefore wisht him to appear the first day in Bellona's field, with eights and thirds, where Iuvinal should give him a good account of himself, with his Heroick Verses in his hand. This being said, Berni, ac∣companied with his brother-Poets, went to arm himself, and Horatio hast∣ed to find out Iuvinal, whom he acquainted with all that had past between him and Barni. Iuvinal being astonished at the novelty of the business, pawsed a good while, then said, Horatio, if you have accepted the chal∣lenge in my name, try you the business with him, for I dare not. As for Latin Poets, I fear no mans face, neither do I care a fig for a thousand; but I tremble at the very naming of an Italian Satyrist. Horatio seeing his own

honor, and the like of all Latin Poets in such danger, encouraged Iuvinal, and bad him remember that he was the Prince of Satyrical Poets, and that such a one as he, who had deserved the happiness to have Commentators, a thing so much coveted by learned Poets, ought not to be afraid of Ber∣nies railing; and told him there was no proportion to be held between the powerfull weapons of Heroick Verse, between the excellent blade of the Latin tongue, and the faint Italian Verse, made by chance, and so strictly tied to rhime, as Italian Poets having their hand bound up with the cords thereof, they could make no down-right blows, nor lead a streight stockado, as occasion should require, as was clearly seen by Mauro, who in the dangerous combat which he had, when labouring in the bean∣field, he was set upon by an enemy, and thinking to make a full and mor∣tal thrust at his belly, his rithme forced him to give it him on his back, which purchast him the name of Treachery. The more the Venetian Poet incouraged and inheartned Iuvinal, the more did his fear encrease. The news of this challenge was by this time so spread abroad amongst the Vertuosi, as it came to Apollos ears, who was very much pleased thereat, for he delighted exceedingly to see two Litterati buckle together in fury, and wound one anothers reputation handsomly; for, for the most part, the Vertuosi speak and write, but so so in cold bloud; but when heated and chafed with anger, they do things beyond human wit, in defence of their reputation, and to purchase renown. Wherefore hearing of Iuvinals back∣wardness, he caused him speedily to be sent for, and sharply upbraided his cowardliness, and recommended the reputation of Latin Satyres unto him. Then Iuvinal said thus in his own defence to his Majesty; Sir, I have the same courage that I formerly had, nor do I fear to encounter a dozen Latin Satyrists; I beseech your Majesty to remember, that the ex∣cellency of Satyrical Poetry consists not in having a bold wit, quick spi∣rit, a detracting Talent, in sharp bitter reparties, handsom Sonnets, and ready replies; but in the condition of the times wherein men live: for in corrupt times, the vein of Satyres is very fluent; and the times wherein I lived, cannot any waies be compared to the wickedness and cosenage of this present age. If Berni should appear within the Lists, and should as∣sail me within the launce of modern vices, such as were not known in my daies, would he not drive me out of the List? Apollo hearing this an∣swer, had no more to say, but declared, that though Iuvinal baulked the quarrel, he suffered not in his honour, nor did he do any thing misbecom∣ing an honourable Cavalier Poet; for it was not Bernis wit that he feared, but his corrupt times, too unequal to those of Iuvinals.

The LXII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Domitio Corbulone being severely prosecuted by the Qua∣rantia Criminale, (a Venetian Magistracy consisting of for∣ty men) for some words spoken by him in his Government of Pindo, which were formerly declared by Apollo's publick Edict, to be Tyrannical; Is at last acquited with much praise.

THe City of Pindo, and all its large Territories, being filled by great store of Murderers, and dangerous factions (by the too much lenity of some of its late Governors) which did greatly anoy the peace of good men; Apollo, to curb the licentiousness of his most seditious Subjects by exemplary punishment, sent severe Domitio Corbulone some two months ago to that Government: Who so carried himself, as in a short space the people of that State were reduced from mighty seditions, into a peaceful condition. And enquiring of some of his Confidents, what the people thought of him, they freely told him, that his rigorous proceedings against many, had so affrighted the Uuniversality, as he was hated by all of them. Corbulone was overjoyed at this answer, and replyed to those his beloved friends in the well-known saying, Oderint dum Metuant: Let them hate, provided they fear. This was suddenly reported to Apollo, as a capital fault. His Majesty liked not this accusation, and committed the examination thereof to the Quarantia Criminale: for it had been long before published by a Decree from his Majesty; That whatsoever Prince, were he either legitimate, natural, or hereditary, who should dare to use such insolent and rash words, should be held and reputed an abominable Tyrant; and that if any Officer should, though at unawares, let them e∣scape his mouth, he should suffer capital punishment, Corbulone was therefore cited to appear before the Court; which he did the next day; where the cause was severely canvast by the Judges: And whilst all the people of Parnassus expected to see some rigorous sentence pass upon Cor∣bulone, he was by his Majesties approbation, gratiously absolved, and sent back to his Government with more plenary Aurhority then before: For the Judges declared, That such words were abominable, and altogether Tyrannical in Princes which have the means to be gratious, but very ho∣norable in an Officers mouth, who hath nothing in his power but the de∣tested lash of Justice: That Prince being truely to be admired, who could make himself be beloved by his Subjects, and reverenced: That Of∣ficer to be reputed very sufficient, who had the genius to make himself be feared and obeyed.

The LXIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Chair of privat Tranquillity being void by Diogenes the Cynicks promotion to a higher degree; Apollo offers it to the famous Philosopher Crates; who refuseth it.

THe Cynick Diogenes, he who for so many years, to the general ad∣vantage, and his own particular glory, had the publick Chair in these Schools, wherein his Office was to praise Poverty, Solitariness, and Peace of mind: By whose perswasion, Atalus, the very King of Treasures, put on that admirable resolution, of forgoing all his riches, and become a Sto∣ick in Parnassus, was by reason of his great deserts, exalted two months a∣go to the sublime Dignity of the Muses Arch-Flamming; so as so noble a place being void, his Majestie bestowed it upon the famous Crates; who went yesterday to Apollo, and contrary to all mens expectation, re∣fused so noble a Chaire; saying, that the charge of poverty, and of the souls peace, being greatly injured by Diogenes his promotion to that im∣mense dignity, he could not discharge his duty with that fervency, with that purity and integrity of heart as the place required: For the very first day that he should undertake the imployment, he should necessarily be so puft up with ambition, and should have so great a desire to obtain the same dignity which his Predecessor had obtained, as would drive from out his mind, though never so well composed, that sincerity which makes an O∣rator speak from his heart, not from his mouth; and that the necessity of his ambition, and his violent desire arose not from any vice, but from that laudable zeal of reputation, which is most intense in even the most morti∣fied Vertuosi of Parnassus: For if in process of time he should not re∣ceive the same honor from his Majsty as Diogenes had done, the world would think that the whole had happened, not by reason of his humility, not for that he preferred a privat life before publick Magistracy, quiet be∣fore business, or poverty before riches, but because his Majestie had not found such deserts in him, as he had done in Diogenes. So as having his soul perturbed by the violence of ambition, he could not hope to reap a∣ny advantage by exagerating the praises of Humility, the contempt of Riches, and of the vanity of worldly Greatness; it being impossible that any man should be so efficatiously eloquent, as to be able to perswade o∣thers to that sort of life, which the standers by must needs say, was abhor'd by the perswader.

The LXIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Many people having wasted themselves in keeping great Ta∣bles, and going gloriously attired, desire their Princes to make a Pragmatical Law for the Moderation of such ex∣pences; but obtain not their suit.

PEople subject to Princes who live in Parnassus, learning by experience, that luxury and vanity in apparel, are so much increased, as that there is no patrimony, how great soever, which may not be quite consumed in a short time by womens vanity, and mens ambition; and plainly seeing, that bravery was grown to so great a height, as a whole portion, though very great, was not sufficient to buy Jewels for a young maid that was to be married; which was the cause why parents could not marry off their daughters: It being likewise known that delicacies for the pallat, were oflate years so prodigiously doted on, as modern gormandizing hath quite ruined those Families, which were made great by antient Parcemony: They by joynt consent presented themselves all, some few daies ago be∣fore their several Princes, whom they earnestly desired that some remedy might be found out to prevent this their so apparent ruine. All the Princes were very well pleased with this their peoples Petition; and then it was that they knew it to be true, what many have written, That pe∣remptory or pragmatical Laws ought only then to be published to the people when they themselves desire them: For if they be inacted against their wils, they seldom produce good effects; the reason is, because pro∣digality never frightens scapethrifts, till they have been acquainted with the hideous and dreadful face of poverty. All the Princes therefore by common consent, caused many excellent pragmatical Laws to be made by understanding men, wherein luxuriousness and superfluity being a∣bridged, nothing but decency was seen in apparel, and men did eat to live, not to ruine both their lives and fortunes by gluttony. And because a thing so much desired, might be brought to pass, the Princes gave order that this Law should be proclaimed on the 18 of this present moneth; but the preceding night the Farmers of the Customs, Toll takers and Excise-men, came all of them to their several Princes, and told them, that if they published the pragmatical act, which they understood was penn'd, they desired to have abatements made of the great rents which they paid; for the greatest revenues of the Custom house, and of all Gabels arising out of Silks which came from Naples, Gold-thread from Florence, rich Draperies made at Millan, and other accoutrements be∣longing to apparel and the livelihood of man, which were brought from foreign parts, the price of the Customs would fall infinitely by reason of this Law.

The Princes were so confused to hear this, as when the Deputies of the Nations came the next day to receive the Edict which was to be pro∣claimed,

they told them, that having heard the just appeals made by the receivers of their Customs, who were better verst in that affair, they re∣solved not to impair themselves for the bettering of others: That if they could invent any Law, wherein the Princes interests were not concerned, they would give them all possible satisfaction therein, to witness the fa∣therly love they bore unto their Subjects; but that to empty the pub∣lick purse, to the end that those of privat mens might be filled, was a frau∣dulent desire, and clean contrary to charity, which thinks it a piece of cru∣elty to macerate ones self that another man might grow fat. The peo∣ple departed much unsatisfied, by reason of this peremptory and interess∣ed answer; and confessed, that to go about to cure the peoples disorders, when the medicines touched upon the common Taxes, was to undertake to cure an incureable Cancar.

The LXIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Johannes Bodinus presents Apollo with his six Books of his Commonwealth; wherein it being found that he approves of Liberty of Conscience, he is sentenced to be burnt.

JOhannis Bodinus, that famous French Litterato, was deservedly impri∣soned in a dark Dungeon the very first day that he presented Apollo with the six Books of his Commonwealth; for his Majesty would by no means permit that the wicked Tenet which he had published in his repub∣lick, that it made much for the quiet of States, to allow of Liberty of Conscience, should pass without some exemplary punishment; an opini∣on which was alwaies held by his Majesty, and by his best politick Litte∣rati, to be no less wicked then false; as that which makes her desciples ra∣ther seditious, then wise Statesmen; nothing being more prejuditial to a Principality, then the want of unity. Severe process was therefore made against Bodine, and he was yesterday condemned in the High Court of Parliament, to be burnt, as a seducer of the people, a publick stirrer up of sedition in ambitions men, and as a notorious Atheist: Bodin craved mercy of his Majesty, confessing his opinion to be false and wicked, and abjuring it as such a one; but that being deceived by the Ottaman Em∣pire, wherein with much peace to the State, all religions were allowed of, desired them that they would shew some pitty towards him. The Judges were then more incenst at Bodin, and told him, that he deserved the grea∣ter punishment, for that he being a Christian, had dared to publish the wicked precepts, especially in matters of Religion, of those Turks, who ought to be abominated for their wicked impieties, not only in profane, but in sacred things. Yet before they would proceed further with Bo∣dine, the Judges were resolved to know of the Ottaman Monarchy, how she governed her self in this particular; intending, by what was found out afterwards, to impose the same punishment upon her, if it should be pro∣ved

that she had given so scandalous an example unto the world, as to al∣low her people Liberty of Conscience.

The Ottaman Monarchy was then sent for in great haste, who was ask∣ed by the Judges, whether it were true, or no, that she had let the reyns of Religion so loose in her State to her Subjects, as every one might be∣lieve what he listed? The Ottaman Monarchy wondred much at this de∣mand, and with great vehemency answered, that she was not so unexpe∣rienced in the affairs of the world, as not to know that the peace of States, and the universal quiet of the people, could not be had by any more se∣cure means, then by the unity of Religion; and that in all her Empire, no other Religion was either preached or believed by her Mossulmans, but only Mahometism. The Judges hearing so clear an answer, they turned to Bodin, and in great anger said unto him, That if a Mahometan, igno∣rant of that true Divinity which discovers the greatness of God unto men, and the truth of his holy Law, spoke so clearly of the unity of Re∣ligion which was to be observed in an Empire, what ought he to do who was a Schollar, and born in the most Christian Kingdom of France? To this Bodin answered, that the Ottaman Monarchy confessed with their mouthes the necessity of an unity in Religion, which was not really pra∣ctised in their States, wherein were Christian Catholicks, Hereticks, Grecians, Jacobines, Nestorians, Jews, and people of many other reli∣gions, which was the cause of his mistake. Thou knowst full little (said the Ottaman Empire to Bodin) of the proceedings touching religion, which is used in my house; for thou oughtest not to say for all this, that I grant my Subjects Liberty of Conscience, because men of all the several religions which thou hast named are seen in my Empire. Thou must know that I having conquered innumerable Provinces for the space of 300 years and more, most of which were formerly Subjects to several Christian Princes; and having found by experience, that people newly assubjected, easily rebel, if they be forced to change their religion, as those who are more obstinate in defending the faith wherein they were born, then in defending their Estates, Countrey, and lives; I, that I may go∣vern in peace, have alwaies used to suffer them to live in the same Laws, as well sacred as civil, wherein I found them; bereaving only the Christian Latins of their Religion, taking their Priests from them, and forbidding them to rebuild their Churches which are fallen, or to erect new ones. So by little and little the memory of their ancient religion failing in them, together with their sacred exercises, their children, if not they themselves, or at least their grand children, at last become Mahometans. Wherein I have had so good success, as the many Provinces which I possess in Asia, which were formerly full of Christians, are all of them now turned such Mahometans, as my Emperors being used to take many children from their Christian Subjects, wherewith to recruit their Janisary-souldiers, there are now but very few to be found in Asia. I proceed otherwise in Greece, for I grant them the free use of the Grecian rites; and the cause of this diversity is, because there being no Grecian Prince who can cause jealousie to my greatness, and consequently the Grecians which live in my Empire, not being able to be fomented by any Prince of their own religion, they do not trouble me so much as do the Latins, who have many and po∣tent Princes, which is the cause I take such care to annihilate their religion.

But I am so watchfull that all my Mahometan Subjects should punctually observe the Religion profest in my State, as it is not lawfull for any of them to prevaricate. I give you for a clear example of all this, That I having the Persian, who is held an Heretick by my Religion, no Turk that is my Subject, dare upon pain of life believe, much less preach the Persian Faith; nor is that Heresie permitted in my States: For though my last Emperors, by reason of the divisions of Germany, and the great jealousies which are amongst all Christian Princes, might much to their advantage have made War in Hungary, and so extend my Empire even to Austria, the acquisition of which Province would throw open the Gates unto me, to conquer Italy; yet they have been wisely better advised, rather to weaken the Persian Heretick, then to make War upon the Chri∣stian Princes, who being so far distant in poynt of belief, from my Religi∣on, do not frighten me so much as the Persian Hereticks do; for there is a great difference between tolerating Infidelity in a State (from which the passage to true belief is so hard) and the permitting of Heresie, a plague which so easily infects any Kingdom, how great soever; as the Germans, English, Flemmings, French, and others have seen and tryed. And know that I have rooted out all Sciences and Learning from out my Dominion, only to the end that my Subjects may live in such simplicity as is most requisite for my Religion; and to this purpose I have conside∣rately, and upon severe punishment, inhibited the translation of my Al∣cheron, which is written in the Arabick tongue, into vulgar Turkish lan∣guage; having learnt at the cost of some Christian Kingdoms, what mis∣chief the translation of the Bible into vulgar languages hath occasioned, which falling into the hands of ignorant people, I hear that in those parts where this abuse is introduced, even poor silly women spend more time in disputes about Religion, then in spinning. Wherefore to free my self from the evil of Heresie, which may be introduced into my Empire by ambitious men, I have commanded, that whosoever shall propound any doubts in Religion, be answered by the Scimiter. Because the He∣resies which now reigne in the Christian Religion, have opened all mens eyes, so as they may discern, that those who have first sowed them, are more moved by ambition of governing the earth, then out of charity (as they would make blockheads believe) of sending mens souls to heaven by their new positions.

My Subjects sobriety, who are all of them bound to drink water, makes much for the keeping of my Territories from the contagion of He∣resie; and I say this, for that I see the fire of Heresie amongst Christi∣ans, breaks most forth there, where they drink merriliest. I very well know that all divisions in States are very dangerous, but especially those which arise in point of Religion; because people do not only not love, honour, or faithfully serve those who are not of the same religion with them, but hold them to be beasts, and bear them that cruel hatred which we see reigns amongst Nations of different Religion. Add hereunto, That as it is impossible for a man to live without a head, so is it for diver∣sity of Factions; and where there are two Religions, there must of ne∣cessity be two Heads; and every fool knows whether or no one King∣dom can at one and the same time receive two Kings: And thou Bodin oughtest so much the less to have published the seditious opinion which hath caused thee so much sorrow, for that thou knowst better then any o∣ther,

that the modern Heresies which now reign in many Chri•…•… King∣doms, have been sowed and fomented by great Princes, to whom Luthe∣rans, Calvinists, and many others like thy self, have served to seduce the people, and to be bawds to their ambition; only that they may thereby be followed by the mal-content Nobility, who greedily imbrace new sects out of a desire to better their condition, and by Plebeians, who fol∣low them out of avarice, and a detestation which they bear to their own unfortunate condition. And if for the quiet of Empires, all the people of one and the same Kingdom, ought to be under one and the same hu∣man Law; how much more for the same reasons, and out of the same con∣siderations, ought this to be endeavored in matters of Religion? which being bred with us in our mothers belly, hath taken such deep rooting in our hearts, as she is become the absolute Queen of all our affections, and of all our passions; and therefore she ought to be so much the better re∣gulated in every State, for that we cannot live without her, nor can we be touched in any thing which is more ticklish. These things are all of them so true, as I will boldly affirm, that even bruit beasts, could they speak, or could we understand their yelping, braying, and other noises which they make, would be heard to praise God, even as we do, who hath created them, and who doth feed them. I remember, that many years ago I heard a Polititian discoursing of this very Article; and because he esteem∣ed it too wicked to God-ward, and seditious towards Princes, I desired to inform my self of him, whether there were any Prince, or Commonwealth in the world, who did permit so wicked a thing in their Dominions? And he freely told me, That even the most modern Hereticks themselves, who had cryed up Liberty of Conscience in other mens States, would by no means allow of it amongst themselves: For they hated to see their own houses burn with the same fire which they by their seditions had kindled in other mens habitations: And of this, said he, Geneva, which I call the sink of all seditious impiety, is an evident example, where they who en∣deavor to raise new Heresies, are condemned to be burnt. The same man told me moreover, that in Germany, where so many modern Heresies were invented in their Hans Towns, only to suppress the house of Au∣stria, Liberty of Conscience was permitted; but that it would be evi∣dently dangerous to imitate them, for that the example of others would prove unfortunate to those who had not all the same requisite circum∣stances, as those whom they set before them for a President. He said that the Hans Towns of Germany live without any apprehension of any enemy-Prince, who might aspire to deprive them of their Liberty, that their Emperors were weak, and that their Citizens were not only by nature far from the ambition of Governing the Country; but were forced by necessity, to live and die what they were born. For if it should so fall out, that any one to better his condition, should presume to make himself head of any Heresie, the power of all the other free Towns, who were joyntly interessed in Liberty, with that City where factions began to arise, would presently assist with arms in hand to beat down that faction Moreo∣ver, that though the diversity of religions occasioned in those Cities by the Liberty of Conscience, were less dangerous in them, yet could it not be said that they were totally free, nor that the humor was not pernitious, and apt to occasion deadly evils; and that no father of a family was ever induced to set his own house one fire, for having the means of quickly

quenching it by a neighbouring River: But that in Empires, and great Kingdoms it fared otherwise; for in them there were oft-times brothers to him who Governed in Chief, and other Princes of the bloud; and there were alwaies therein great store of particular privat men, eminent for birth, riches, and adherents, who were all of them ambitious, and out of a thirst of reigning, thought any enterprize, how desperate soever, ea∣sie: And that to boot with these, they had potent forreign enemies, up∣on whom they confined, who were more then ready to foment such heads of faction as should appear to arise; as had lately been seen in France, and in Flanders; and that as well the lay Princes Electors, as every other Prince of the Empire, who had imbraced the present Heresies, did not live with liberty of conscience, but with a particular thirst, accommodated to human Interest: As appeared clearly in the Lutheran impiety, which taking its beginning in the Dukedom of Saxony, to the end that he who declared himself to be Head thereof, might not grow too great, the rest of the Heretick Princes had introduced the new Sects of Calvin, Zwinglius, and of others in their States, with such confusion to sacred things, as it might be truely said that there was as many Heresies in Germany, as Princes and Potentates that did rule there: And that which made me wonder most, was to hear, that some Subjects in Germany were forced to alter their Religion at their Princes pleasure; an inconvenience which was seen to happen so often amongst them, as some Cities have past sundry times from one Heresie to another in less then one months space. All which are things of very bad example, and an excellent means to introduce that Atheism amongst men, which I said I thought was not to be found a∣mongst beasts.

Wherefore Bodin, as a horse which is long suffered to go without a bri∣dle, becomes fierce and unserviceable to man; so people, when they have the Reyns of Religion let loose in their necks, grow wild, seditious, unru∣ly, and no longer apt to be governed or ruled by a Prince: For he who is not taught by a sound and well regulated religion, to love, honor, and fear God, cannot obey, honor, nor fear man. So great a truth, as it is the nature of all people, who alwaies err in the extreams, to despise Humane Laws, when they are miss-led in those that are Divine: for the freedom which they have to offend the Majestie of God, provokes them against their Prince, who gave them that liberty. This truth which I tell you, is apparently seen in those who seduced the Flemmish to change their reli∣gion, and to rebell against their natural Prince, who to bring them to so wicked an enterprize, permitted them to plunder Churches, and Church∣men; and when at last they would have refrained, and regulated them in their highest Towring Tumults, they found that when God is despised, men are so likewise. The Government of people is a weighty affair for any Prince how wise soever, nor is it possible for him alone to support so heavy a burthen; but being assisted by Religion, it becomes so easie unto him, as one Prince may govern many millions of men; for very many are so ill conditioned, as they despise human Laws, yet do they often fear divine ones; and many who little esteem the anger of an earthly Prince, dread the King of heaven, and live peaceably.

Bodin was sorely cast down, when he heard the Ottaman Emperor speak so solidly of the care which Princes ought to have of the unity of Religion; and was then more grieved when the Judges told him, that it

was wicked ignorance to maintain that Princes are Lords of mens bo∣dies, and not fit to rule their souls; as if the Allegiance which by Gods command, Subjects owe their Princes, be not as well a duty of the soul, as of the body; and that God hath constituted the most Christian Kings of France, and other earthly Princes, only that they might feed their ambiti∣on by reigning, and pass away their time in delight, wallowing in the plen∣ty of so many earthly blessings, and had not made them his Lieutenants on earth, to the end that they may observe his holy Law; for these rea∣sons, all the Lords of Parliament ordered that he might be immediately punished by fire, who had publisht a Tenet fit only to set the world on fire.

The LXV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo punisheth a Poet severely, for having been so despe∣rate as to blaspheme.

APollo doth so abhor Blasphemy above all other vices, as two daies a∣go he caused a Poets tongue to be struck through with a naile in the Delfick Temples Porch, who had presumed to say that Nature had dealt injuriously with him, in having indowed him with a Princely soul, and al∣lotted him but a beggarly fortune. And though many Litterati earnestly beseeched his Majesty that he would in some sort mittigate this punish∣ment, he did not only deny to do it, but in a great rage said, that such wits deserved the severest punishments, who being born to a poor fortune, consumed all their time in afflicting themselves by seeking out new con∣ceits which might make poverty appear unto them more shamefull and insupportable, which they should imploy in seeking out such Instructions as might make it appear less shamefull, and more tollerable; and that he would teach men of but mean fortunes, by this example, how to accom∣modate their minds to their means; it being a hatefull piece of petu∣lancy to envy great Princes fortunes; whilst others in tattered clothes di∣ed of hunger.

The LXVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Vertuosi of Parnassus visit the Temple of Divine Provi∣dence, whom they thank for the great Charity which she hath shewn to mankind.

THis morning, according to the ancient custom of this Court, all the Prince-Poets, and the Litterati-Lords of Parnassus, went to visit the Temple of Divine Providence, to whom Giovan Ioviano Pontano made a learned Oration, wherein he highly praised the infinite Charity, and immence love which she had shewed to mankind in creating frogs with∣out teeth: For it would have been of no advantage to man, that this world, canopied by so many heavens, full of so many stars, should not on∣ly abound in all things necessary; but even be fully fraught with all most exquisite delitiousness, if gallant men who inhabit it, should be forced to wear iron buskins to defend themselves from being bitten by such fastidi∣ous and importunate animals; whereas now there needed no fence a∣gainst such rascally companions, who are composed of nothing but mouth and voice, but a good pair of ears, which vallue not the noise which they know can do them no harm.

The LXVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The most excellent Paolo Peruta, by order from Apollo, de∣clares in the Publick Politick Schools, what the genuine signification is of that Precept in Policy; That to reigne se∣curely, the people must be kept under.

THe usual Precept in Policy, That to Reign securely, the people must be kept under, is as true, as it is wrongfully understood, and worse practised by many Princes; who out of their insatiate avarice, interpret the best politick sentences, in such sense as makes most for their present advantage. Wherefore Apollo being much displeased, that so singular a precept should be so grosly abused, sent a few daies sithence, for Paolo Peruta, who at this present time reads the ordinary morning Politicks in the publick Schools in Parnassus; and commanded him, that for the be∣nefit of Princes, and the peoples profit, he should declare publickly what was the true and genuine sense of so signal a precept? Peruta obeyed, and on an appointed day, when the School was full of all the greatest Princes of this Court, he took the Chair, and said, That as an exquisite

Prince could be likened to nothing better then to a good Shepherd, so people might be very fitly compared to a very numerous flock of sheep; and that to the end that one onely Shepherd might commodiously go∣vern a great many sheep, the Divine Majestie had made them to be low∣ly minded, and had created them without the weapons of Horns or Teeth: for otherwise, to the great prejudice of mankind, every sheep must of necessity have a shepherd alloted him: for God having armed the head and hands of man with a stout heart, and wise genius, he became not obedient and submissive to his shepherd, as many Princes did believe, by being often shorn and continually milked, or by being hindred from growing fat in good pastures by angersome vexations; for the true way to keep the people low, was not to afflict them perpetually by pinching taxes, was not to reduce them to shameful poverty, by grating penal∣ties, but to avoid the arming of their head with that ambition of com∣mand, which people so delight in, as the appetite is encreased by satie∣ty: Which true means, and safe counsel, is onely known, and succes∣fully practised by the Ottaman Emperors, who knowing very well how dangerous a thing it is for States to arm their subjects with ambition, authority, or the attendance of many Souldiers, think it a capital error, and the ruine of their States, to give any place of command to a native Turk; certainly a most happy custom, and which plainly teacheth Princes, that the true meaning and genuine interpretation of so useful a precept in policy, is onely, That it is a dangerous thing to arm the head of subjects with ambition, not their hands with swords; to keep them humble, by not giving them places of too great attendance, not to de∣sire their poverty by taking their means from them; for that Almighty God not having made sheep humble and obedient for any want they have of wool, milk or lambs, did thereby teach Princes to use all means possible, that their subjects may increase in wealth, and that they may abound in goods; it being very true, that people by increasing their pri∣vate patrimonies, make chains wherewith they keep themselves fast bound up; for lest they may lose their wealth got by so much toil, they did so religiously study peace, as the ancient Romans, who were true masters of the reason of State, found no better means to make the warlike French, whom they had newly conquered, quiet and obedient to their Republike, then by affording them all possible means of growing rich; an advice which proved so fortunate unto them, as that Politick Tacitus speaking of the French, the most warlike people of all Europe, doth not onely call them Dites, & Imbelles, lib. 11. Annal. but freely affirms, Gallos quo{que} in bellis flo•…•…uisses. Tacit. Vita Agric. which plainly shews, that great riches gotten by the French, had brought that formerly warlike Nati∣on into such a wretchless slothfulness, as it seemed an old wives tale, that the French knew ever how to manage arms; whereby we are made aware, that riches by disarming men, keeps them submiss in the humility of peace; whereas on the contrary every one sees, that the not being con∣tent with their present condition, makes men greedy of novilties. For men are not abased, as ignorant people believe, by being poor, but need begets in them such an immence desire of change of fortune, as makes those that are in bad condition, venture upon any how desperate or dan∣gerous soever an undertaking; it having been often times experienced, that nothing arms people more then poverty. Which produceth despe∣ration,

not when it is occasioned by the earths barrenness, by adven∣tures at Sea, by mens carelessness, by the misfortune of Factors, or other humane accidents; but when caused by the Prince his avarice, who foolishly perswades himself he shall become a rich shepherd by keeping his sheep poor. Wherefore that Chair man of Polititians affirms, that to go about to reduce subjects to Loyalty, and Principallities to peace, by keeping them poor, was neither better nor worse, then to pre∣tend to cure the dropsie, by giving the sick party over much drink. To prove all which to be truth, it is daily seen in all insurrections, Princes meet with no sorer enemies, then mal-contents, and such as have not wherewithal to live commodiously; who in the garboils of commotions, prove always Devils, whereas those who are wealthy are obedient and peaceful.

The LXVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

A nobly born Laconick Senator, having committed a great fault, the Duke of Laconia thinks it wisdom to pass by it.

YOu have formerly heard, how that the Laconick State is governed by an Elective Prince; and how that the Laconick Senate is repu∣ted and celebrated for the best that is in Parnassus. The Duke of La∣conia to supply the place of a Senator that was deceased, advanced the second Son of the Prince of Mitilene to that so high dignity. And not above a fortnight sithence, this Gentleman, much to the Dukes regrete, committed a fault, which his Highness had severely punished in other Senators; and he seeming not to take notice of it, many of his Sena∣tors were troubled at it, and advised him to use the same punishment for the same fault. To which the Duke answered, That the same punish∣ments were not to be inflicted for the same faults, where there was a di∣sparity in the Personages; and that God, whose will it was that no sub∣lunary thing should be without somewhat of amiss, had so ordained it, as that the finest Currel should not be without its rubbish; and that in so famous a Senat as was that of the Laconicks, eminent Personages added much to the Splendor of it, and were oft times of great assistance to the State upon urgent emergencies. But that this advantage was counterpoised by a notable allay, that such persons were not so easily go∣verned, nor held in as others, over whom the whole power of command, and absolute authority of the Law being to be exercised, they were not of the same reputation, nor advantage to Elective Princes, as were Se∣nators highly descended; and that the Sythe of equal Justice did for∣tunately fell grass of an equal height; but that the wary Mower, who spyed a great shrub amongst lesser grass, hoisted his Sythe, lest he might break it, or blunt the edge thereof, a piece of wisdom whereby elective Princes, whose prerogative it was to chuse Senators, were taught not to promote Personages of extraordinary birth to that degree, unless they do formerly resolve to bear with many things in them, which they would severely punish in ordinary subjects.

The LXIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Andrea Alciati finding himself injuriously persecuted in his place of Magistracy, flies for help to Apollo, but finds none.

ANdrea Alciati, who was not onely very well versed in the profession of Law, but was in great esteem with Apollo, and all the Vertuosi of Parnassus, for his great insight in all the choicest learning which makes men be so highly prized in this Court; knowing the sour of obeying, and sweet of commanding; the meaness of a priva•…•…e life, and the gallan∣try of being, or of but personating a Prince, applyed himself from his very first entrance into Parnassus, to the perillous practise of Gorvern∣ment; till at last he was deputed a Trianual President of the Isle of Negrapont, by the Prince thereof, where with undaunted sincerity, he administred such exact and severe justice as is pleasing to God, and hateful to proud and insolent people who though they be born to serve, will notwithstanding Tyranize; and so it fell out, that those who had been severely punished for their insolences by the rigour of the Lavv, waited for the coming of the Sessions, a time usually longed for by the lewdest sort of men, that they might revenge themselves of their Presi∣dent, and wherein they charged him with bitter accusations. Alciati seeing himself so wickedly dealt withal by his ill-wishers, had forthwith recourse to the Prince of Negrapont, who is at present in this Court, and demanded such protection of him, as is due to those Officers who discharge their duty faithfully. The Prince (as many others do) that he might win his subjects good will, lent a favorable ear to the accusers, increasing thereby their insolence, and Alciaties vexation; who for his last refuge, appealed this very morning to Apollo, complaining that he had been persecuted for doing justice; and did not onely require his Majesties protection, but boldly prayed him, that he might have a new tryal, but such personages as were unconcerned, and not swayed by pas∣sion. Apollo, not onely as if Alciati had been a man of no merit, but even a publique offendor was much incenst at him, and drove him away; wherefore many of the standers by, who very well knew his worth, and how wrongfully he was persecuted, were witnesses unto his Majestie of them both. But Apollo, continuing in his former opinion, bad Alciati (though he was very submiss in his carriage) get out of his sight. His Majesties great wisdom being known to be such, as that all his actions pass for necessary precepts for men to govern their lives by, the standers by wondred why he should deal so hardly with one who deserved help; and not being able to believe but that his Majestie concealed somewhat in his mind, that was worthy to be known, they asked him, why he who always sought all possible means how to comfort the afflicted, did now add to the affliction of this innocent person. Then Apollo freely un∣bosoming himself said, that if Alciati were poor, he would have taken

him into his protection; but that he being wealthy enough, so as he might compass his ends of coming to higher preferment a safer way, he deserved to be treated thus, and worse, for betaking himself to an im∣ployment wherein there was certain danger, and which was onely fit for such, who not being able to eat bread at home, were necessitated to take any the most hazardous course to live; and that men who were well to live, and had honourable imployments, though they might be very ex∣pensive, ought onely study how to win reputation and glory. To this Alciati answered, That he, to the end he might be better esteemed of in the world, and that he might not be pointed at, as a Plebeian clad in silk, had carryed himself with such reputation in all his honourable imployments, as would make any man, how meanly soever born, appear to be highly descended. Apollo being still more incensed at Alciati's words, replyed, With what face canst thou affirm that thou hast gone about to joyn reputation to thy means, having taken shameful ways to work thy intent? Dost thou not know the true attestat of Guicchardin, that Oracle of Italian Historians, that it is more usual for an Officer to run hazard, then for a Merchant to break, or a Sea-man to drown? Dost not thou know, that no Gally-slaves, nor any other men how miserable soever, eat courser biscat, or swallow down more bitter distastes then those who sit at the helm of Government? And knowest thou not that many Princes after having highly displeased their subjects, by their ava∣rice and cruelty, use to quiet and appease them, and to purchase their good will, by delivering up unto them such an Officer, as by his pun∣ctual performance of justice, have well deserved their Princes protecti∣on? And art thou alone he that doth not know, that these men desire nothing but the pleasure of command, and the profit of revenue? and that they abhor rumors, which they are so far from believing, that they proceed from the execution of that true justice, which is displeasing to him that tastes thereof, as they firmly believe it proceeds from the Offi∣cers ignorance and wickedness? though nothing be more certain, then that he who will administer upright justice, must as requisitely make the people complain, as the Chyrurgion who will perfectly cure a wound that is Gangren'd, must make the sick party cry out: and neither Hi∣pocrates, nor yet my beloved Esculapius could ever yet find out any such medicine for a malady, as would make the patient lick his lips; and the chiefest mischief is, that a man who hath his knee out of joynt, would beat the Chyrurgion, who useth all his best skil to put the bone again into its right place.

The LXX. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Lady Victoria Collonna begs of Apollo in name of all the Feminine Sex, that such marryed men as are Adulter∣ers may suffer the like Infamy, as unchaste Wives do.

THe most excellent Lady, the Lady. Victoria Colonna, a Princess of exemplary chastity, came before his Majestie three days ago, and said, in behalf of all the feminine Sex, That all women did so affect Chastity, a vertue wherewith they were particularly endued, as they did not any whit envy strength, which was a vertue attributed to the masculine gender; for they very well knew, that a woman whose soul was not chaste, was a stinking carcase, but that with much reason they did bewail the great disparity which was seen to be observed between the husband and the wife, in the particular of punishment for Adultery. For wives could in no sort be contented that marryed men should think themselves so much at liberty, as even the punishment of shame (which men of honor had wont to apprehend so much) could not keep them from being false unto their wives. In which disorders she affirmed, they were so far advanced, as many husbands were not onely not ashamed to keep concubines openly in their houses, but were grown sometimes so hardy to take them into bed with their wives: which excesses were oc∣casioned, because the same severe punishments were not provided for adulterous husbands, as were thundered out, and put in practice against unchaste wives. And that in this particular the Laws were so partial to marryed men, as if they should find their wives in adultery, they would not be satisfied till they should have revenged the injury with their own hands. By reason of which notorious grievances, the feminine sex were forced to have recourse to the clear fountain of justice, to the end that they might receive competent remedy for this their oppression, by the publication of parity of punishment for the same fault; and that if his Majestie should not like of this, that he would at least be pleased to al∣low women the like liberty in point of adultery, as men pretended to lay claim unto: And that this like liberty was not desired, to the end that women might make use of it, but onely that by the terror thereof, they might curb their lustful husbands. To this request Apollo answered, that the Law of Loyalty ought to be alike between the husband and the wife; and that the violation thereof ought to be no less punished in the one, then in the other: but that the more exact chastity was desired in wives, in the weighty respect that men might be sure to father no chil∣dren but their own, in which regard the excellent vertue of chastity was given to the female sex: for the certainty of their issue was so necessary to husbands in the generation of mankind, as were not their mothers endued with chastity, their sons would lose as well their inheritance, as their fathers affection; which was so great a truth, as wise Nature her∣self

had given chaste mates to all earthy Animals, where the male shares in hatching the eggs, or in bringing up the young ones. To the end that Fathers might think the pains for the welfare of their children, well be∣stowed, and value their costs as consolations, and great gains. At this answer an honourable blush stole upon the cheeks of the Lady Victoria, who with a Roman ingenuity confest the simplicity of her request to Apollo; and said, it would be too great a shame to the female sex, if they should suffer themselves to be exceeded in chastity by brute beasts who though they follow nothing else with greater propenseness then their de∣light, yet not to berive the father of his ehildren, or the children of their fathers by their Libidinousness, keep their chastity; and that husbands had so great reason to desire their wives might prove chaste, as the Lavvs against adultery in married vvomen appeared to be too merciful; for the vvounds vvhich husbands gave their vvives by their unchasteness, did onely pierce the skin; but that marryed vvomen, by their adulteries did kill their husbands vvith eternal infamy, and did dishonor their ovvn children.

The LXXI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Caesar having taxed Marcus Brutus of ingratitude, in a full Assembly of great Personages, they challenge one an∣other.

SO great hath the hatred alvvays been betvveen Caesar the Dictator, and Marcus Brutus, as there could never be any reconciliation made between them, though it hath been much endeavoured by the prime subjects of this State. Tis true that to avoid the displeasing of Apollo, they have both of them been so discreet as to shun meeting in the streets, much less the having any intercourse between them. But the flames of hatred long kept concealed in a passionate mans bosome, in process of time must needs break forth. This is said, because in a great assembly which was had the other day of the chief of this state, wherein Caesar hap∣ned to be, it was impossible to perswade Brutus to withdraw himself, who esteemed it poorness of mind to yield to that his capital enemy at this meeting. Caesar (though in covered words) said somewhat which re∣flected upon Brutus, taxing him with ingratitude; and (as it usually fals out where there is not a perfect good understanding beween people) doubtful words being taken in the worse sense, and small injuries being held hainous offences; Brutus boldly gave Caesar the lye, and at the same instant accompanied the lie with its necessary correllative, laying his hand upon his dagger. Caesar slew like an enraged Lyon upon Bru∣tus, and certainly some great mischief had been done, had not the Princes that were present interposed themselves, and parted them. The next day Caesar published a Manifesto against Brutus, wherein in high lan∣guage

he said, That it was known to the whole world, that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 civil wars he met with no more cruel enemy then Marcus Brutus, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was worse to him then even Pompey's self: and though he with the •…•…d of victory and revenge, which he had in his hand, might by goo•…•… •…•…son of War, have secured his own life, by taking away that of Brut•…•…, yet chusing rather to use clemency then just rigour, he did so clearly and fully pardon him that offence, which would never have been forgotten by any other man, as (as if injuries had been great obligations) he turned his hatred into love, his revenge into favour, and this with such integri∣ty as in his last will and Testament, he declared him to be his Heir, with which magnanimity the people of Rome were so pleased, as after his murther, they preferred the revenge of so great ingratitude before their own liberty, which upon that occasion they might easily have re∣covered. And if the common sort of people, who use rather to move out of base interest, then out of any genurosity, did so much detest this ingratitude in Brutus, how much more ought Brutus to do so, who had received the obligation? And that if Brutus his behaviour to∣wards him was not open and shameful ingratitude; sure no man was ever ungrateful; and he should be forced to believe that ingratitude was a vain name in the Abstract, and that there was no such thing in the con∣crete thereof. Brutus finding his honour much concerned in this Caesars Manifesto, answered him presently in a writing which he published, That since he had never deserved ill at Caesars hands, he could not acknow∣ledge the pardon which he said he had given him for taking up Arms a∣gainst him, as a favour. For he who takes up arms to defend his free Countrey from a Tyrant, did but what was his duty to do, and did not therein misdemerit, but ought rather to be commended even by the enemy. And that Caesar after his victory at Pharsalia, did not oblige those unto him whose lives he pardoned; for he onely won the good opinion of his enemies, who pardoned injuries received not injuries done unto them. And if it were faults, not merits which deserved to be par∣doned, then they who took up arms to defend the Roman liberty ought to pardon Caesar, not Caesar them. For the fault was his, who would usurp upon his Countreys liberty, the merit theirs that did defend it. And that though it vexed his very soul to hear himself taxed of ingra∣titude by Caesar, yet he was more troubled to think he should hold him for so great a villan, as that, though with pardon of life for so doing, he could forget the injurious usurping the Countreys liberty, which all wor∣thy Senators ought to keep always deeply ingraven in their hearts. And that that being onely true clemency which proceeds immediately from meer meekness, certainly Caesar merited nothing at those Senators hands, whom he pardoned for defending their liberties. For he did it not out of any worthiness of mind, but onely to secure his own Tyrannie: for ve∣ry well knowing, that to grow cruel after victory, towards the chief Sena∣tors, was to incite the people of Romes publique hatred, and highly to incense the prime Senators, he gave other men their lives to secure his own. That for his having declared him in his will to succeed in part of his inheritance, he would have Caesar know, that he treated not with ig∣norant people, or such as did not very well know his deep cunning, hid under that feigned benevolence and false liberality, since it was not out of any affection to him, that he had named him to be his heir, but onely

to ma•…•… him lay down his Arms, and to make him become an enemy to his •…•…ntrey, and to blot out of his mind the desire of recovering li∣berty, a servitude which ambitious Tyrants purchase at a contemptible rate from base and avaricious Senators; not from such as he, who were so far from selling their or their Countreys liberty for any sum of gold, how great soever, as they sought to purchase it at the expence of theit blood. And that the trick of basely lulling chief Senators asleep, by sending them to be Ambassadors, was past from Caesar into Augustus, whose will and testament: Tertio Gradu primores Civitatis Scripserat, plerosque invisos sibi. Tacit. lib. 1. Annal. was not as Tacitus had former∣ly, but foolishly affirmed, Iactantia, Gloriaque ad Posteros; but onely that those Senators, who were his sorest enemies, allured with hopes of reaping more benefit in servitude, then in a free condition, might become instruments to Tiberius, in training him up in that Tyrannie, which they were bound to make head against. Brutus concluded this his writing; saying, That he was so far from acknowledging it a favour to have his life given him by Caesar, as he would have taken it for a greater obliga∣tion from him if he had bereaft him of it, since a worthy Senator cannot acquire a more glorious life, then to be torn in pieces by the publike Ty∣rant, such a Senators life being formidable unto the Tyrant, for being a valiant defendor of liberty; and that Tyrants gave a glorious life to such Senators as they were cruel unto, whereas they asperse those with shame who too greedy of life, did interchange the base benefit of their received pardon, with the shameful oblivion of the injury done them in bereaving them of their publike liberty. Caesar who was by nature haugh∣ty, was so incenst at this answer, as he challenged Brutus to a single duel in Campo Marte; which Brutus willingly accepted, but abhorring to fight with men half dead, he bad him first go cure those wounds which he had given him in the Senat, and then return to receive more with the same dagger, with which he would be ready to wait upon him. To this scorn∣ful answer of Brutus; Caesar did as sconfully reply, that the alledged im∣pediment should not keep him from meeting him in the field, for that Brutus very well knew, that those his wounds were very well cured by his Nephew Augustus, and by the whole Triumpherate, with the corresive of proscription. That therefore he should onely appear armed in the field, and leave behind him those Cassii and Caschi, and other swagger∣ing companions, which he was accustomed to make use of in his super∣cheries and foul play to men of honor. To this Brutus answered, That his custom was to put a great difference between enemy and enemy; and that such as he, fought onely with the arms of military worth, to propa∣gate the Roman Empire, against the Hanibals, Jugurthans, Mitredates, and other Foreign Princes; but that Tyrants, and ravinous wolves cloathed in lambs skins, ought to be dealt withal with like Treachery, and to have traps laid for them, as is usually done for crafty Foxes.

The LXXII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Certain Subjects desire their Princes that the infinite multi∣tude of Laws which they live under, may be reduced to a lesser number; and that the Governors of Provinces may be forbidden to publish every day new Proclama∣tions.

THe great abuse in some States is certainly much to be blamed, where not onely the Princes are prone enough in publishing every day new Laws, but do permit the Governors of their Provinces to run into the same error. Which being often changed, and all of them commencing their Government with an ardent desire to mend the world the very first week, shame themselves with divulging certain new Proclamations ac∣cording to their own fancies, and full of those many extravagancies which use to abound in them, who having framed new conceits in their brains, are not so well advised as to weigh them with practice, which is that true hammer whereby to discern between pure silver, and false Alchymie. For zeal to the publike good, not regulated by a perfect judgement, injures a gallant man in his reputation, more then any bad intention. The liberty of this manner of proceeding, causeth those States wherein it is used, to abound so much in Edicts, Proclamations, Constitutions, and an infinite medly of new Laws, as men live there∣in in great confusion; it being very true, that Corruptissima Republica plurimae Leges. Tacit. ter•…•…io Lib. Annal. a most corrupted Cou•…•…rey a∣bound most in Laws; and the worst is, that every Officer being reso∣lute in the observance of such Proclamations as are by him published, foolishly forgets those made by his predecessors, so as the people not a∣ble to discern in this so great disorder, what things are lawful, what un∣lawful, receive the worser satisfaction thereby, for that they have oft∣times found, that many of them, to vent their anger against one they hate, or to give a purging pill to a rich Churmuggion, have made use of absolute Proclamations and Edicts which have lost their validity, be contrary usance. To the end then, that some cure might be found out for so many evils, the people who live under them, chose certain Com∣missioners long since, to acquaint their Princes therewith. These earn∣estly desired that the multitude of Laws, which bred confusion amongst the people, might be abrogated; and that the Governors of Provinces might be inhibited the making of new ones for the future. Most of the Princes judged this the Commissioners request to be very just; and that they might consult the better thereof, they met in Clios house, where some that were zealous of their subjects good, were of opinion, that with as much brevity as might be, all the ancient Statutes should be made an end of; and being made void, new ones might be enacted, which might bring quiet, not confusion to the people. But the Princes who

were of a contrary opinion, were greater both for number and quality; they freely affirmed, That those things which had been tollerated by their ancient Predecessors, ought to be presumed to proceed rather from wisdom, then from ignorance; for it was always to be believed, that their fore-fathers had examined & digested matters concerning the Go∣vernment of their people, much more accurately then modern men do, who were then seen to run into great disorders, when out of novelty they would abrogate those ancient customs, which experience had found to be good; and that it was to be thought a high presumption, that the world without ever being aware of, oramending her errors, had lived long in those customs, which others would correct, as being prejudicial. And that Princes, who ought to study nothing more then how to di∣late their own Authority, committed a mortal error, when they tyed up their ownhands, and made rods for their own breeches, becurtiling their jurisdiction. Whilst the Princes were thus discussing the business, the Commissioners desires to hear the result, made some little noise at the chamber door: At which the Princes being very angry, they grew so hot, as having no other weapons, they broke some forms which came first to their hands, and making use of the feet thereof for cudgels, they beat away the Commissioners; who crying out, Help, help, many Phi∣losophers came from the Peripatetick School, who withheld the Princes, and freed the others from being further mischiefed. The Princes thinking it fitting to acquaint the Philosophers with the reasons which had moved them to this resentment, said, Gentlemen, these Rascals, under pretence of Grievances, Proclamations, Statutes, and confusion by new Laws, have dared to come even within our doors, to assassinate us, adding insolence to their impertinent demands; for we having out of our fatherly charity, given free leave to these ingrateful people to keep as many Hounds and Greyhounds as they please to take Hares and Goats withal, permission to lay gins to catch Partridge and Pheasants, to make nets to take Finshes and Sparows, to lay lime-twigs wherewith∣al to take Black-birds and Thrushes, to make hooks, pastes, drag-nets, weels, and twenty other things, that they may want no fish: These Rascals will not notwithstanding permit us poor Princes, who even con∣sume our selves in studying how to serve them, to take half a dozen fat Becchifichi, for our own use.

The LXXIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Vertuosi of Italy beg of Apollo, that Philosophy may be treated on in the Italian Tongue, and are denyed their request.

THe Italian Litterati have these many years been very instant with his Majestie, that he would be pleased to enable the Italian Tongue to treat of Philosophical matters, and have used all the possible means they could to get it effected: But Apollo would never grant it, saying, That the Liberal Sciences were no longer esteemed, then when they were handled in Greek and Latin; for the Metaphisicks, and the other Soveraign Sciences, would suffer an infinite alloy, if the admirable secrets thereof being taught in Italian, should be communica∣ble even to Hosts and Hostlery; moreover, if all the Liberal Sciences were suffered to be written in the Italian Tongue, the most noble Latin Tongue, in which all men confess the true majestie of writing, and speak∣ing elegantly doth consist, would go near to be lost. The Italians were not onely not satisfied with these alledged reasons, but continued still so fervent in their former desire, as his Majestie seemed to be inclineable to give them content, when all the Liberal Sciences doubting lest some re∣solution might be taken, which would be displeasing to them, bad the Italian Litterati be quiet, for they would by no means undergo the shame of being discust in insipid Italian Circumlocutions, but would be argued in their ordinary Latin Terms. Alexander Picolomini was there present, who freely said, That the Greek and Latin Philosophers were Fools, if they believed that the Italian Writers were so ill read, as that they did not very well know, that Philosophy being a natural Science; and there∣fore known even to children, would wholly lose her reputation, it be∣ing treated of in Italian, the world should know, that she were wholly hid under Scholastical terms, which being neither Greek nor Latin, seemed rather to be Slavonick words, which being translated into Italian would discover the cheating tricks of Philosophers, who spend nights and days in the study of Philosophy, to learn names more then re∣alties.

The LXXIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo shews unto his Litterati the true meaning of the La∣tin Sentence, Homo longus, raro sapiens, A tale man is seldom wise.

TO the wonder of Apollo, and all the standers by, above 300 Litte∣rati, all of them beyond the usual size of men, appeared on Tuesday last in the publike Audience. Every one knew that the assembling to∣gether of so many Vertuosi, all of them of extraordinary stature and greatness, must needs have somewhat of meaning in it, and so it had; for reverend Cino, Auditor di Rota in Parnassus said, in the name of all his fellows, that all those Vertuosi who his Majestie saw there, were known by the whole world to be well skilled in the Liberal Arts, which his Majesties Delfick Library might likewise sufficiently witness; and that notwithstanding they were scoft and laught at by most of the Litte∣rati in Parnassus, and held for fools and shallow witted people: Where∣fore, such injuries being altogether insupportable, they were forced to have recourse unto his Majestie. And to the end that some remedy might be found for so great an abuse, which might occasion many in∣conveniences, those Litterati of a more then usual stature and greatness of body, demanded place and time (always provided it might stand with his Majesties Approbation) where and when, hand to hand, two to two, three to three, or in what greater numbers the contrary party should choose, they would dispute vvith the Vertuosi of small, and of middle stature in all sorts of Sciences, and venture their reputations thereupon: But that vvhen his Majestie should think they had given sufficient Tryal of themselves, and should have proved themselves to be real Vertuosi; their humble request was, That he vvould be pleased to dec•…•…e the pro∣verb to be false and erronous, vvhich says. Homo longus, raro sapiens, vvhich vvas the rise of all the scandal. His Majestie gave ear to Cino's complaint vvith a pleasing countenance; and told him, That he vvas sensible of the rash judgement vvhich his Vertuosi gave of them; but that the proverb being true, he neither could nor vvould declare it to be false; and that Homo longus vvas not to be understood (according to the vulgar misinterpretation) for any extraordinary proportion of body, but in respect of resolution and deliberations taken in affairs; for too much delay and length of time in dispatching business, vvas a clear evidence of vvant of vvit, simplicity, and of a drousie understanding; for he vvas onely to be accounted vvise, vvho vvas resolute in his affairs, and vvho being able to resolve upon any sudden occasion, dispatched business vvith admirable dexterity of vvit.

The LXXV. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Ruota di Parnasso having decided a point in difference between the Military men, and the Litterati on the Milita∣ry means behalf, are aware of their error, and withdraw their sentence.

THe precedency between Arms and Learning is still obstinately dis∣puted on both sides, between the Litterati and Millitary-men in Par∣nassus. And it was resolved in the last Ruota, That the question should be argued, if at least the name of Science and Discipline might be at∣tributed to the exercise of War. Which doubt was of such consequence, as the victory of the whole cause depended thereupon; wherefore both parties were very diligent in informing the Auditors; and Vigetius in particular was not sparing for any pains, in procuring that the sentence might prove favourable on his side. The business was very subtilly can vast and argued, and the Court seemed wholly to incline to the Litte∣rati; but the Princes used such forcible arguments, as it was resolved, That Military men in their exercise of War, might use the honourable names of Science and Discipline. The Litterati were much displeased at this d•…•…cision, who exclaimed all of them, that Learning would be much defiled, if she, who adorns mens minds with good precepts, should be forced to communicate her honourable names with the Mili∣tary Art, which fills the body with wounds, and the soul with the •…•…oulest vices. The Litterati were in this despair, when unexpectedly all the Butchers of the world were seen to appear in Parnassus; which slovenly sort of people, all besmeared with blood, with hatchets and long knives in their hands, infused such fear into the Litterati, as apprehending some general slaughter, and to be cut in pieces, they fled away to their own houses, where they fortified themselves. But they were better pleased when those dreadful people made signs of peace, and desired to be heard. Apollo that he might know what they meant, sent some Deputies to them: To whom those Butchers stoutly said, That hearing that the Court had decided, That the Art of sacking and firing of Cities, of cutting their inhabitants in pieces, and in fine, that the cruel mystery of killing men, and of dispeopling the world, and of calling with sword in hand, mine thine, should be termed a Science and Discipline, they also, who did not profess the killing of men, nor any thing that tended to the destruction of mankind, but the kill•…•…ng of Calves and Muttons to feed men withal, demanded that their Art might be honoured by the same illustrious names. The Military-men appeared as if they had no souls amidst this rabble rout, when they saw so base sort of people should desire that their so opprobrious Trade, should be paralell'd with the Art of Warfaring, which was practised by the greatest Princes, and prime Nobility of the world. And the same Signori Auditori di ru•…•…ta, when they saw the Butchers appear in the Pallace, and heard their de∣mands,

they were aware of the injustice which but a little before they had done to all the Vertuosi by their decision. Wherefore they again propounded the same question, and unanimously agreed, That the myste∣rie of War, though it were sometimes necessary, was notwithstanding so cruel and so in humane, as it was impossible to honest it with civil tearms.

The LXXVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Aristotle being besieged in his Countrey-house by many Princes, is by them forced to revoke his Definition of a Tyrant.

ARistotle the Prince of Peripateticks, that he might the better at∣tend his study, withdrew himself some days ago, to his Countrey-house, where unexpectly he was besieged by night, by some Princes, with a great number of foot and horse, who after having with incredi∣ble speed made their Trenches and Gabbiouns, prepared their Cannon to play upon the house. When Apollo heard of this so great Novilty, he forthwith dispatcht away the two famous Satyrical Poets, Lodovico Adi•…•…sto, and Francisco Berni, with two Legions of Veteran Saterists to∣wards them, who with all military skill endeavoured to raise the siege, but in vain; for though the Poets let fly disfamatory Verses, yet the Arms these Princes wore were so excellently vvell tempered, as they were proof against every pungent Terzetta. So as no good being to be done by force, Apollo, who would be sure that nothing might befal that excellent Vertuosi, whereby the Peripatetick Philosophy might be any ways prejudiced, dispatched away into the field that great lover of Learning, Federico Feltrio Duke of Urban, who upon parley vvith those Princes, by his rare dextrousness obtained a suspension of Arms; and at the first entrance into discourse, those Princes complained greatly a∣gainst Aristotle, for having given so malignant a definition of a Tyrant in his Politica, as it included or comprehended every good Prince; and in great anger said, That if (as Aristotle had been bold to affirm) those Princes vvere to be esteemed Tyrants, vvho intended more their ovvn profit, then the like of their subjects, they knevv▪ not vvhere that Po∣tentate, hovv good or ancient soever he vvere could be found, vvho might not be concerned in that so universal definition. As if the end of every good shepherd vvere not to milk and shear his sheep, but onely so far to love them, as to dy of hunger themselves, so their flock might grovv fat: and that Aristotle discovered himself to be too grofly igno∣rant if he seemed not to knovv, that gain vvas the end of all merchan∣dizing, and that the vvhole vvorld vvas but a great publike shop. And that if the very lavv of Nature did so commend vvell regulated Charity, as Fathers vvere seen to love themselves better then their ovvn

proper children, with what ground of reason would Aristotle oblige Princes to love the good of others better then their own. And upon this occasion the Princes added, That the Litterati were grown to such petulancy in many important particulars, as blinded by proud pre∣sumption, they had not feared to intermeddle in the very greatest Con∣cerns of Princes; and even to give Laws to Reason of State; not knowing (poor people that they are) that the insight into Politick af∣fairs is so far from the common judgement of any wit, how good soever, as none ought to discourse thereof, but men who have spent their whole time in the Government of Kingdoms, and in the affairs of great Princes, though they may peradventure want that Philosophy, Rhe∣torick, and other Sciences registred by the Litterati in their Scribled Papers: For Policy not having so much Theory, as that a Grammar may be thereout composed, which may teach men the art how to govern States well, consisted wholly in practise; of the which, none but such as had learnt it from great Princes Secretaries, and in State-Councils, ought to discourse, lest they become ridiculous for writing things which deserves the rod.

By these words, Duke Federico found that the Princes had just rea∣son to be incensed; wherefore he easily prevailed with Aristotle to revoke his former definition of a Tyrant, and to make a new one, which might satisfie those so highly offended Princes. Then Aristotle suddenly recanted, and said, That Tyrants were a certain sort of men in the old time, the Race whereof was wholly lost now. The Princes having received such satisfaction as they desired, presently quitted their quarters: And being gone towards their own States, Aristotle, be∣ing half dead with fear, returned to Parnassus, assuring all the Ver∣tuosi, that his Philosophical Precepts failed him very much against the fear of death; and bad the Litterati attend their studies, and let alone the reason of State, which it was impossible to treat of, without running evident danger of being esteemed Criminal by Princes.

The LXXVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

By order from Apollo, a general Reformation of the world is published by the seven wise men of Greece, and by the o∣ther Litterati.

THe Emperor Iustinian, that great Compiler of Statutes, and Books of Civil Law, some few daies since shewed a new Law to Apollo, to have his Majesties approbation of it: wherein men were strictly forbid∣den killing themselves. Apollo was so astonished at this Law, as fetch∣ing a deep sigh, he said; Is the good Government of mankind, Iustini∣an, fallen then into so great disorder, as men, that they may live no lon∣ger, do voluntarily kill themselves? And whereas I have hitherto fed an infinite number of Philosophers, only that by their words and wri∣tings they may make men less apprehensive of death, are things now re∣duced to such calamity, as even they will now live no longer, who could not formerly frame themselves to be content to die? And am I amongst all the disorders of my Litterati all this while supinely asleep? To this Iustinian answered, That the Law was necessary, and that many cases of violent deaths having hapned, by many mens having desperately made themselves away, worse was to be feared, if some opportune remedy were not soon found out against so great a disorder.

Apollo then began diligently to inform himself, how men did live in the world; and found that the world was so impaired, as many valued not their lives nor Estates, so they might be out of it. These disorders necessitated his Majesty to provide against them with all possible speed; so as he absolutely resolved to create a Congregation of all the most fa∣mous men that were in his Dominions, for wisdom and good life. But in the entrance intoso weighty a business, he met with difficulties impossible to be overcome; for when he came to chuse the members of this Congregati∣on, amongst so many moral Philosophers, and the almost infinite number of Vertuosi, he could not find so much as one, who was indowed with half those parts which were requisite to be in him, who ought to reform his companion: His Majesty knowing very well, that men are better re∣formed by the exemplary life of their reformers, then by any the best rules that can be given. In this great penury of fitting personages, A∣pollo gave the charge of the Universal Reformation to the seven wise men of Greece, who are of great repute in Parnassus, as those who are conceiv∣ed by all men to have found out the receit of washing Blackmoors white. Which antiquity, though still in vain, hath so much laboured after. The Grecians were much rejoyc'd at this news, for the honor which Apollo had done their Nation; but the Latins were much grieved at it, thinking themselves thereby much injured. Wherefore Apollo very well know∣ing how much the ill satisfaction of those that are to be reformed, in their reformers, hinders the fruit which is to be hoped by reformation; and his Majesty being naturally given to appease his Subjects imbittered

minds, more by giving them satisfaction, then by that Legislative pow∣er which men are not well pleased withall, because they are bound to obey it. That he might satisfie the Romans, who were much distasted, to the seven wise men of Greece, he added Marcus Cato, and Anneus Seneca: And in favour to the modern Italian Philosophers, he made Iacopo Maz∣zoni da Casena, Secretary of the Congregation, and honored him with a vote in their Consultations.

The 14 day of the last month, the seven wise men, with the aforesaid addition, accompanied by a Train of the choicest Vertuosi of this State, went to the Delfick Palace, the place appropriated for the reformation: And the Litterati were very well pleased to see the great number of Pe∣dants, who with their little baskets in their hands, went gathering up the Sentences and Apothegmes, which fell from those wise men as they went along. The next day after the solemn entrance, the Assembly being met to give a beginning to the business, tis said Talete Milesio, the first wise man of Greece, spake thus;

The business (most wise Philosophers) about which were are all met in this place, is (as you all know) the greatest that can be treated on by hu∣man understanding: And though there be nothing harder then to set bones that have been long broken, wounds that are fistuled, and incurable cancars, yet difficulties which are able to affright others, ought not to make us despair of their cure; for the impossibility will increase our glory, and will keep us in the esteem we are in; and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 do assure you that I have already found out the true Antidote against the poyson of all these pre∣sent corruptions: I am sure we do all believe that nothing hath more cor∣rupted the present age, then hidden hatreds, feigned love, impiety, the perfideousness of double-dealing men, cloaked under the specious mantle of simplicity, love to religion, and of charity; apply your selves to these evils Gentlemen, by making use of fire, razor, and lay corrosive Pla∣sters to these wounds which I discover unto you; and all mankind, which by reason of their vices, which leads them the high-way to death, may be said to be given over by the Physitians, will soon be made whole and will become sincere and plain in their proceedings, true in what they say, and such in their sanctity of life, as they were in former times. The true and immediate cure then for these present evils, consists only in necessitating men to live with candor of mind, and purity of heart, which you will all confess with me, cannot be better effected, then by making that little window in mens brests, which, as being most requisite, his Majesty hath often promised to his most faithful Vertuosi: For when those who use such art in their modern proceedings, shall be forced to speak and act, ha∣ving a window wherein one may see into their hearts, they will learn the excellent vertue of being, and not appearing to be; and will conform their deeds to their words, their tongus which are accustomed to dissembling, to sincerity of heart, and all men will banish lies and falshood, and the in∣firnal spirit of hypocrisie will abandon many who are now possest with so foul a fiend.

Talete's opinion did so please he whole Congregation, as being put to the vote, it was clearly carried for the affirmative; and Secretary Mazzoni was commanded to give Apollo a sudden account thereof, who perfectly approved the opinion, and gave command that that very day, the little window should be begun to be made in mans brest. But at the very instant

hat the Surgeans took their instruments in hand to open mens brests, Virgil, Plato, Aristotle, Averoes, and other of the chief Litterati went to Apollo, and told him that he was not ignorant that the prime means where∣by men do with much ease govern the world, was the reputation of those who did command; and that so pretious a jewel not being to be exposed to danger at any time by wise Princes, they beseeched his Majesty to consider in what esteem of holy life, and good demeanor, the reverend Philosophical Synod, and the honorable Colledge of the Vertuosi, were held by all the Litterati of Parnassus; that therefore they earnestly de∣sired him (as it became him to do) to have a care of their honors, who by the fame of their goodness, increase the glory of Parnassus: And that if his Majesty should unexpectedly open every mans brest, the greater, and better sort of those Philosophers, who formerly were highly esteemed, ran evident hazard of being shamed; and that he might peradventure find fowlest faults in those whom he had formerly held to be immaculate. That therefore, before a business of such importance should be taken in hand, he would be pleased to afford his Vertuosi a competent time, to wash and cleanse their souls. Apollo was greatly pleased with the advice of so fa∣mous Poets and Philosophers, and by a publick Edict, prorogued the time of making the wind ows for eight daies; during which time, every one did so attend the cleansing and purging of their souls from all fallacies, from a hidden vice, from conceal'd hatred, and counterfeit love, as there was no more hony of roses, succory, cassia, scena, scamony, nor laxative syrups to be found in any Grocers or Apothecaries shop in all Parnassus: And the more curious did observe, that in the parts where the Platonicks, Pe∣ripateticks, and moral Philosophers did live, there was then such a stink, as if all the Privies of those Countries had been emptied: Whereas the quarters of Latin and Italian Poets, stunk only of Cabbadg-porrage. The time allotted for the general purging was already past, when the day before they were to begin making the windows, Hippocrates, Galen, Cor∣nelius Celsus, and other the most skilfull Physitians of this State went to Apollo, and said, Is it then true, Sir, you that are the Lord of the Liberal Sciences, that this Microcosme must be deformed, which is so nobly and miraculously framed, as if any chief muscle, any principal vein be but touched, the human creature runs evident danger of being slain? and that so much mischief should be done only for the advantage of a few ignorant people? For not only the wiser sort of men, but even those of an indif∣ferent capacity, who have converst but four daies with any Quacksalver, know how to penetrate even into the innermost bowels. This memoran∣dum of the Physitians wrought so much with Apollo, as he changed his former resolution, and by Ausonius Gallus, bad the Philosophers of the Reformation, proceed in delivering their opinions.

Then Solon thus began; In my opinion, Gentlemen, that which hath put the present age into so great confusion, is the cruel hatred, and spite∣full envy which in these daies is seen to reigne generally amongst men. All help then for these present evils, is to be hoped for from infusing charity, reciprocal affection, and that sanctified love of our neighbour, which is Gods chiefest commandment into mankind; we ought therefore to im∣ploy all our skill in taking away the occasions of those hatreds, which in these daies reign in mens hearts; which if we be able to effect, men will do like beasts, who by the instinct of nature, love their own species; and

will consequently drive away all hatred and rancor of mind. I have been long thinking, my friends, what the true springs head may be of all human hatred, and am still more established in my old opinion, that it proceeds from the disparity of means, from the hellish custom introduced amongst men of meum and tuum; the rise of all scandal; an abuse, which if it were introduced amongst the beasts of the earth, I assure my self, that e∣ven they would consume, and waste themselves with the self-same hatred and rancor wherewith we so much disquiet our selves: The not having a∣ny thing of propriety, and the equallity which they live in, is that which maintains that peace among them, which we so much envie in them. Men, as you all know, are likewise creatures, but rational; this world was cre∣ated by Almighty God, only that mankind might live thereupon, as bruit beasts do; not that avaritious men should divide it amongst themselves, and should turn what was common, into that meum and tuum, which hath put us all into such confusion. So as it clearly appears, that the deprava∣tion of mens souls by avarice, ambition, and tyranny, hath occasioned the present inequality, and disproportionate division. And if it be true (as we all confess it is) that the world is nothing else but an Inheritance left to mankind by one only Father, and one only Mother, from whom we are all descended like brethren; what justice is it that every one should not have a share thereof equal with his companion? And what greater dispro∣portion can there be imagined by those that love what is just, then that this world should be such, as that some possess more thereof then they can govern, and others have not so much as they could govern. But that which doth infinitely aggravate this disorder, is, that usually good and ver∣tuous men are beggars; whereas wicked and ignorant people are weal∣thy. From the root of this inequality it then ariseth, that the rich are in∣jurious to the poor, and that the poor envy the rich, For pride is proper to the rich, to beggars desperation. Hence it is that the rich mans oppres∣sing the weak, appears to be natural; and the ill-will which poor men bear to the rich, is innate in them.

Now Gentlemen, that I have discovered the malady unto you, it is ea∣sie to apply the Medicine: I therefore think, that to reform this age, no better counsel can be taken, then to divide the world anew, and to allot an equal part thereof to every one. And that we may fall no more upon the like disorders, I advise, that for the future, all buying and selling be forbidden; so that parity of goods will be instituted; the Mother of pub∣lick Peace, which my self and other Law-makers, have formerly so much laboured for.

Solons opinion suffered a long debate; which though it was not only thought good, but necessary by Bante of Periandro, and by Pittaco, yet it was gainsaid by the rest; and Senecas opinion prevailed, who with very ef∣ficacious reasons made it appear, That if they should come to a new di∣viding of the world, the great disorder would necessarily follow, that too great a share would fall to Fools, and too little to gallant Men: And that the Plague, Famin, and Warr, were not Gods most severest scourges, with which God, when offended, did afflict mankind; but that his severest scourge for the punishment of man, and which out of his mercy, he made not use of, was to enrich rascals.

Solons opinion being laid aside, Chilon spake to this purpose; Which of you, my fellow-Philosophers, doth not know that the immoderate

thirst that men now adaies have after gold, hath filled the world with all the mischiefs which we all see and feel? What wickedness, what impiety, how execrable soever, is it, which men do not willingly commit, if there∣by they may accumulate riches? Conclude therefore unanimously with me, That no better way can be found out, whereby to extirpate all the vices wherewith our age is opprest, and to bring in that sort of life which doth best become men, then for ever to banish out of the world the two infamous Mettals, Gold and Silver; for so the occasion of our present disorders ceasing, the evils will likewise necessarily cease.

Chilons opinion was judged to have a very specious appearance; but when it came to the test, it would not endure the hammer: For it was said, that men took so much pains to get gold and silver, because they are the measure and counterpoise of all things; and that to make provision of all things necessary, it was requisite for men to have some mettals, or other thing of price, by which he might purchase what was fitting for him; and that if there were no such thing as gold or silver, men would make use of some other thing instead of them, which rising in value, would be as much coveted and sought after, as gold and silver now were; as was plainly seen in the Indies, where cockle-shels were made use of in∣stead of money, and more vallued then either gold or silver. Cleobelus particularly being very hot in refuting this opinion, said, with much per∣turbation of mind; My masters, banish iron out of the world, for that is the mettal which hath put us into the present condition. Gold and silver serve for the use which is ordained by God, to be the measure of all things; whereas iron, which is produced by nature for the making of plow-shears, spades, and mattocks, and other instruments to cultivate the earth, is by the mallice and mischief of men, turned to the making of swords, and daggers, and other deadly instruments.

Though Cleobolus his opinion was judged to be very true, yet it was concluded by the whole Congregation, that it being impossible to expel iron, without grasping iron; and putting on Corslets, it would be a great piece of imprudency to multiply mischiefs, and to cure one wound with another. 'Twas therefore generally concluded, that the Ore of gold and silver should be still kept, but that the refiners of them should be wisht for the future to be sure to cleanse them well, and not to take them out of the fire, till they were certain they had taken from both the mettals, that vein of turpentine which they have in them, which is the reason why both gold and silver stick so close to the fingers even of good and ho∣nest men.

This being said, Pittacchus with extraordinary gravity, began thus; The World, Learned Philosophers, is fallen into that deplorable conditi∣on, which we so labour to amend, only because men in these daies have given over travailing by the beaten road-way of vertue, and take the by∣waies of vice; by which, in this corrupted age, they obtain rewards only due to vertue. Things are brought to that woful state, as none can get entrance into the Palace of Dignity, Honor, or Reward (as formerly they had wont to do) by the Gate of Merit and vertuous endeavour, but like thieves, they climb the windows with ladders of tergeversation; and some there are, who by the force of gifts and favours, have opened the root, to get thereby into the house of Honour. If you will reform this our corrupted age, my opinion is, That you should do well to force men

to walk by the way of vertue, and make severe Laws, that whosoever will take the laborsom journey which leads towards the obtaining of Supreme Honors and Dignities, must travail with the waggon of desert, and with the sure guide of vertue, and take away so many thwart by-waies, so ma∣ny little paths, so many crooked lanes, found out by ambitious men, and modern Hypocrites, which multiplying faster in this our miserable age, then Locusts do in Africa, have filled the world with contagion. And truely what greater affront can there be put upon vertue and merit, then to see one of these companions arive at the highest preferments, when no man can guess what course he took to come by it? Which makes many think they have got it by the magick of hypocricy, whereby these Magi∣cians do inchant the minds even of very wise Princes.

Pittacho's opinion was not only praised, but greatly admired by the whole Assembly, and certainly would have been approved of as very ex∣cellent, had not Periandro made those already almost resolved Philoso∣phers alter their minds: For this Philosopher lively opposing the opinion of so great a Philosopher, said, Gentlemen, the disorder mentioned by Pittachus, is very true; but the thing which we ought chiefly to consi∣der, is, for what reason Princes who are so quick-fighted, and interessed in their own State-affairs, do not bestow in these our daies their great places (as they were wont to do of old) on able and deserving men, by whose service they may receive advantage and reputation; but instead of them, make use of new fellows, raised out of the dirt and mire, without either worth or honor. You know, Gentlemen, that the opinion of those who say, that it is fatal to Princes to love carrion, and to imploy undeser∣ving servant, in places of greatest trust, is so false, as for the least Interest of State, they neglect their brethren, and wax cruel even against their own children, so far are they from doting upon their servants in things wherein the welfare of their State lies. Princes do not act by chance, as many foolishly believe they do, nor suffer themselves to be guided in their proceedings by their passions, as we do; but whatsoever they do, is out of Interest; and those things which to privat men appear errors and neg∣ligence, are accurate politick Precepts. All that have written of State-affairs, freely confess that the best way to Govern Kingdoms well, is to confer places of highest honour and dignity upon men of great merit, and known worth and valor. This is a truth very well known to Princes; and though it be clearly seen that they do not observe it, he is a fool that believes they do it out of carelessness. I, who have long studied a point of so great weight, am verily perswaded, that ignorant and raw men, and men of no merit, are preferred by Princes, in conferring their chief Of∣fices and honors, before learned and deserving men, not out of any fault in the Prince, but (I blush to say it) through default of the Vertuosi. I acknowledge that Princes stand in need of learned Officers, and men of experienced valor: But none of you will deny but that they likewise need men that are loyal and faithful. And it is evident, that if deserving men, and men of worth and valor were but as faithful as they are able, as grate∣full as they are knowing, we should not complain of the present disorders, in seeing undeserving Dwarfs, become great Giants in four daies space, and should not bewail the wonder of seeing wild gourds in a short space o∣vertop the best fruit-trees, nor to see ignorance seated in the Chair of Vertue, and folly in Vallors Tribunal. 'Tis common to all men to think

much better of themselves then they deserve; but the Vertuosi do pre∣sume so very much upon their own good parts, as they rather pretend to add to the Princes reputation, by having any honors conferred upon them, then to receive credit themselves by his munificence: and I have known many so foolishly blown up, and inamored of their own worths, as they have thought it a greater happiness for a Prince to have an occasion of ho∣nouring such a one, then good luck for the other to meet with so liberal a Prince. So as these men acknowledging all favours confer'd upon them, to proceed from their own worth, prove so ungrateful to their Princes and benefactors in their greatest necessities, as causing themselves to be nauseated as very perfidious men, they are abhorred, and are causes of this present great disorder, why Princes, in such as they will prefer to great places, and high dignities, instead of merit, vertue, and known worth, seek for loyalty and trust, that they may meet with thankfulness when they stand in need of it; which they rather expect from those who pre∣tending to no merit of their own, acknowledge all their good fortunes to proceed meerly from their Princes liberality.

Periandro having ended his discourse, Bias spake thus; All of you, most wise Philosophers, sufficiently know that the reason of the worlds being so depraved, is only because mankind hath so shamefully abandoned those holy Laws which God gave them to observe, when he bestowed the whole world upon them for their habitation: Nor did he place the French in France, the Spaniards in Spain, Dutch in Germany, and bound up the fowl fiend in hel, for any other reason, but for the advantage of that general peace which he desired might be observed throughout the whole world. But avarice and ambition (spurs which have alwaies egg'd on men to greatest wickedness) causing the French, Italians, Dutch, Gre∣cians, and other Nations to pass into other mens Countries, have caused these evils which we (I wish it prove not in vain) endeavor to amend: And if it be true, as we all confess it is, that God hath done nothing in vain, and that there is much of mystery in all his operations; Wherefore think you, hath his Divine Majesty placed the inaccessable Perenian Mountains between the Spaniards and Italians; the rocky Alpes between the Ita∣lians and Germans; the dreadful English Channel between the French and English; why the Mediterranean Sea between Africa and Europe; why hath he made the infinite spacious Rivers of Euphrates, Indus, Gan∣ges, Tigres, Danubius, Nilus, Rheine, and the rest; save only that peo∣ple might be content to live in their own Countries, by reason of the dif∣ficulties of Fords and passages? And his Divine Majesty knowing very well that the harmony of universal peace would be out of tune, and that the world would be filled with uncurable diseases, if men should exceed the bounds which he had alloted them; that he might make the waies to such great disorders the more difficult, he added the multitude and variety of Languages, to the Mountains, Precipices, to the violent course of Ri∣vers, and to the Seas immenceness: for otherwise, all men would speak the same Language, as all creatures of the same species, sing, bark, and bray, after one and the same manner. 'Tis then mans boldness in boaring through Mountains, and in passing over not only the largest and most rapid Rivers, but even in manifestly and rashly hazarding himself and all his substance in a little woodden Vessel, not fearing to cross the largest Seas therein; which caused the ancient Romans (not to mention the many other Nati∣ons

who have run into the same rashness) to ruine other mens affairs, and discompose their own; not being satisfied with their Dominion over whole Italy. The true remedy then for so great disorder is, first to force every Nation to return home to their own Countreys; and to the end that the like mischiefs may not insue hereafter, I am of opinion, that all bridges built for the more commodious passing over rivers, be absolute∣ly broken down; and the ways made for passing over the mountains may be quite spoil'd, and the mountains be made more inaccessable by mans industry, then they were at first made by nature; and I would have all navigation absolutely forbidden, upon severest penalty, not allowing so much as the least boats to pass in, over rivers. Bias his opinion was very attentively listened unto; and after being well examined by the best wits of the Assembly, it was found not to be good: for all those Philosophers knew, that the greatest enmities which are known to reign between Nation and Nation, are not natural (as many foolishly conceive them to be) but are occasioned by cunning Princes, who are great ma∣sters of the known proverb, Divide, & impera. And that that perfecti∣on of manners being found in all Nations joyned together, which was not to be had in any particular Province, men easily learn that exact wis∣dom by travelling through the world, which was peculiar to great Ulysses, who having travelled through many Countreys, had seen and observed the fashions of divers Nations; a benefit which was much furthered by the use of Navigation; which was very necessary for mankind, were it onely for that God (as well became the immencity of his power) having created this world of almost an incomprehensible greatness, having filled it with pretious things, and endowed every Province with somewhat of particular navigation, which is the rarest Invention that could ever have been thought on, or put in practice by humane wit, had brought it into so little a compass, as the Aromaticks of the Molucchi, though above fifteen thousand miles from Italy, do so abound in Italy, as if they grew there.

Thus ended Bias, when Cleobelus rising up, seeming with a low bow to crave leave to speak; said thus, I clearly perceive wise Gentlemen, that the reformation of the present Age, a business of it self very easie, becomes by the diversity and extravagancy of our Opinions, rather im∣possible then difficult. And to speak with the freedom which becomes this place, and the weight of the business we have in hand, it grieves my heart to find even amongst us that are here, that common defect of am∣bitious and slight wits, who getting up into publike pulpits, labor more to shew the rarity of their own wits, by their new and curious conceits, then to profit their Auditory by useful precepts and sound doctrines: for to raise man out of the foul mire and dirt whereinto he is fallen, what need we undertake that dangerous manifacture of making little windows in mens breasts, according to Thales his advice? and why should we undertake the laborous business of dividing the world into equal parti∣tions, according to Solons proposition? and the course mentioned to be taken by Chilo, of banishing gold and silver from out of the world? or that of Pittacchus, of forcing men to walk in the way of merit and ver∣tue? or lastly, that of Bias, that mountains should be raised higher, and made more difficult to pass over then nature hath made them, and that for the future the miracle of navigation should be extirpated, which

shews to what pitch mans ingenuity can arrive, are they not sophistical fancies, and mear Chimera's? Our chiefest consideration ought to be, that the remedy to be applyed to the undoing evils, may be easie to be put in execution, that it may work its effect soon and secretly without any no•…•…e, and that it may be chearfully received by those who are to be reformed: for by doing otherwise, we shall rather deform the World, then reform it. And certainly not without reason; for that Physician deserves to be blamed, who should ordain a medicine for his sick patient which is impossible to be used, and which would afflict him more then his disease. Therefore it is the requisite duty of Reformers, to provide themselves of a sure remedy, before they take notice of the wound: That Chyrurgion deserves to be punished, who first opens the sick mans vein, and then runs for things to close it up withal; it is not onely foolish∣ness, but impiety, to defame men with publishing their vices, and to shew to the World that their maladies are grown to such a height, as it is not in the power of man to cure them. Therefore Tacitus, who al∣ways speaks to the purpose if he be rightly understood, doth in this par∣ticular advise men, Omittere potius pravallada, & adulta vitia, quam hoc assequi, ut palem fieret, quibus flagitiis impares essumus. Those who would fell an old Oak, are ill advised if they fall to cut down the top boughs: Wise men do, as I do now, lay the ax to the greatest root. I then affirm, That the reformation of the present world consists wholly in these few vvords, Premiar I buoni, e punire gli scelerati, in reward∣ing the good, and punishing the bad.

Here Cleobelus held his peace, whose Opinion Thales Mileseus, did with such violence oppose, as he shevved hovv dangerous a thing it is to of∣fend such (though by telling truth) vvho have the repute to be good and vvise. For he vvith a fiery countenance broke forth into these vvords;

My self, and these Gentlemen, most vvise Cleobelus, since you have been pleased to reject our Opinions as sophistical, and meer Chimera s, did expect from your rare wisdom, that for cure of these present evils, you had brought some new and miraculous Bezoar fron the Indies, wher∣as you have propounded that for the easiest cure, which is the hardest and most impossible that could ever be fancied by the prime pretenders to high mysteries, Caius Plinius, and Albertus Magnus. There is not any one of us, my Cleobolus, that did not know, before you were pleased to put us in mind of it, that the reformation of the world, depends wholly upon rewarding such as are good and punishing the wicked. But give me leave to ask you, Who are those that in this our age are perfect∣ly good, and who exactly ill? And I would know, Whether your eye can discern that which could never yet be found out by any man living, how to know true goodness from that which is counterfeit? do not you know▪ that modern hypocrites are arrived at that height of cunning, as in this our unhappy age, those are accounted to be cunningest in their wickedness, who seem to be most exactly good? and that such really perfect men who live in sincerity and singleness of soul, with an undis∣guised and unartificial goodness, without any thing of hypocrisie, are thought to be scandalous and silly? Every one by natural instinct loves those that are good, and hate those that are wicked, but Princes do it both out of instinct and interest. And when hypocrites, or other cun∣ning

cheaters are listened unto by great men, and good men supprest or undervalued, it is not by the Princes own election, but through the abuse of others. True vertue is known onely and rewarded by God, and vices discovered and punisht; for he onely penetrates into the depth of mens hearts, and we by means of the windovv by me propounded, might have penetrated thereinto, had not the enemy of mankind sovv∣ed tares in the field where I sovved the grain of good advice. But nevv lavvs, hovv good and vvholsome soever, have ever been and ever vvill be vvithstood by those vitious people vvho are thereby punished.

The Assembly vvere mightily pleased vvith the reasons alledged by Thales; and all of them turning their eyes upon Periandro, he thinking himself thereby desired to speak his opinion, began thus, The variety of opinions which I have heard, confirms me in my former Tenet▪ That four parts of five that are sick, perish because the Physicians know not their disease; who in this their error may be excused, because men are easily deceived in things wherein they can walk but by conjecture. But that we, who are judged by Apollo to be the salt of the earth, should not know the evil under which the present age labours, redounds much to our shame, since the malady which we ought to cure, lies not hidden in the veins but is so manifestly known to all men that it self crys aloud for help. And yet by all the reasons I have heard alledged, methinks you go about to mend the arm, when it is the breast that is fistula'd. But Gentlemen, since it is Apollo's pleasure, that we should do so, since our reputation stands upon it, and our charity to our so afflicted age re∣quires it at our hands, let us, I beseech you, take from off our faces the mask of respect, which hath been hitherto worn by us all, and let us speak freely. The great disorder hath always reigned amongst men, which doth domineer so much at the present, and which God grant it may not still reign; that whilst powerful men by their detestible vices, and by their universal reformation, have disordered the world, men go about to re-order it by amending the faults of private men. But the falshood, avarice, pride and hypocrisie of private men (though I must confess them to be hainous evils) are not the vices which have so much depraved this our age; for fitting punishments being by the law pro∣vided for every fault, and foul action, mankind is so obedient to the laws, and so apprehensive of justice, as a few ministers thereof make millions of men tremble, and keeps them in, and men live in such quiet peace, as the rich cannot, without much danger to themselves oppress the poor, and every one may walk safely both by day and night with gold in their hand, not onely in the streets, but even in the high-ways: but the worlds most dangerous infirmities are then discovered, when publique peace is disturbed; and of this we must all of us confess, that the ambi∣tion, avarice and diabolical engagement, which the swords of some powerful Princes hath usurped over the States of those who are less po∣werful, is the true cause, and that which is so great a scandal to the pre∣sent times: Tis this, Gentlemen, which hath filled the world with hatred and suspicion, and hath defiled it with so much blood, as men who were by God created with humane hearts, and civil inclinations, are become ravenous wilde beasts, tearing one another in pieces with all sort of in∣humanity. For the ambition of these men hath changed publike peace into most cruel war, vertue into vice, the charity and love which we

ought to bear to our neighbours, into such intestine hatred, as whereas all Lyons appear Lyons to a Lyon, the Scotch man appears unto the English, the Italian to the German, the French to the Spaniard, the German, Spaniard, French, and men of all other Nations to the Italian, not to be men, not brethren, as they are, but creatures of another spe∣cies: So as justice being oppressed by the unexplicable ambition of po∣tent men, mankind, which was born, brought up, and did live long un∣der the Government of wholesome Laws, waxing now cruel to them∣selves, lives with the instinct of beasts, ready to oppress the weaker. Theft which is the chief of all faults, is so persecuted by the Laws, as the steal∣ing of an egg is a capital fault, and yet powerful men are so blinded with the ambition of reigning, as to rob another man perfidiously of his whole state, is not thought to be an execrable mischief, as indeed it is, but an noble occupation, and onely fit for Kings; and Tacitus, the ma∣ster of Policy, that he may win the good will of Princes, is not ashamed to say, In summa Fortuna id aequius quod vallidus, & sua retinere privatae domus, de Alienis certare Regiam laudem esse, li. 15. An. If it be true▪ which is confest to be so by all Politicians▪ that people are the Princes Apes, how can those who obey, live vertuously quiet, when their Command∣ers do so abound in vice? To bereave a powerful Prince of a Kingdom is a weighty business, which is not to be done by one man alone. To effect so foul an intent (observe what the thirst of Dominion can do in an ambitious mind) they muster together a multitude of men, who that they may not fear the shame of stealing their neighbours goods, of mur∣thering men, and of firing Cities, change the name of base Thief into that of a gallant Souldier, and valliant commander; and that which aggravates this evil is, that even good Princes are forced to run upon the same rocks, to defend their own estates from the ravinousness of these Harpyes. For these to secure their own Estates, to regain what they have lost, and to revenge themselves of those that have injured them, possess themselves of their states: and being allured by gain, they be∣take themselves to the same shameful Trade, which they did so much abhor before. Which hath caused the art of bereaving other men of their Territories, become an highly esteemed science; and is the reason why humane wit, which was made to admire and contemplate the mi∣racles of heaven, and wonders of the earth, is wholly turned to invent stratagems, to plot treasons; and hands, which were made to cultevate the earth which feeds us, into knowing how to handle Arms, that we may kill one another. This is that which hath brought our age to its last gasp; and the true way to remedy it is, for Princes who use such dealings▪ to amend themselves, and to be content with their own present For∣tunes; for certainly it appears very strange to me, that there should be any King who cannot satisfie his ambition with the absolute command over twenty millions of men. Princes, as you all know, were ordained by God on earth, for the good of mankind; I therefore say it will not do well onely to bridle the ambition which Princes have of possessing themselves of other mens estates; but I think it necessary that the pe∣culiar engagement which some men pretend their swords have over all estates, be cut up by the root; and I advise above all things, that the greatness of Principalities be limitted; it being impossible that too great Kingdoms should be governed with that exact care and justice

which is requisite to the peoples good, and to which Princes are obliged. For there never was a Monarchy excessively over great, vvhich vvas not in a short time lost by the carelessness and negligence of those that were the Governors thereof.

Here Periandro ended; whom Solon thus opposed: The true cause of the present evils which you with much freedom have been pleased to speak of, vvas not omitted by us, out of ignorance (as you peradventure may believe) but out of prudence.

The disorders spoken of by you, that the weak were oppressed by those of greater power, began vvhen the World vvas first peopled. And you know, that the most skilful Physician, cannot restore sight to one that was born blind. I mention this, because it is much the same thing to cure an eye that is infirm, as to reform antiquated er∣rors. For as the skilful Physician betakes himself the very first day that he sees an illaffected eye water, to his clouts and cauters, and is forced to leave his patient vvith a bleer eye; vvhen if the eye vvere quite blind, it vvere too late to seek for remedy; so reformers should oppose abuses vvith severe remedies, the very first hour that they com∣mence. For when vice and corruption hath got deep rooting, it is wise∣lier done to tolerate the evil, then to go about to remedy it out of time, with danger to occasion worse inconveniences; it being more dangerous to cut of an old Wen, then it is misbecoming to let it stand. More∣over we are here to call to mind the disorders of private men, and to use modesty in so doing; but to be silent in what concerns Princes, and to bury their disorders, which a wise man must either touch very tender∣ly, or else say nothing of them; for they having no Superiors in this world, it belongs onely to God to reform them, he having given them the prerogative to command, us the glory to obey. And certainly not without much reason; for subjects ought to correct their Rulers defects onely by their own good and godly living. For the hearts of Princes being in the hands of God, when people deserve ill from his divine Ma∣jestie, he raiseth up Pharoahs against them, and on the contrary, makes Princes tender hearted, when people by their fidelity and obedience de∣serves Gods assistance.

What Solon had said, was much commended by all the hearers; and then Cato began thus:

Your opinions most wise Grecians are much to be admired; and by them you have infinitely verified the Tenet which all the Litterati have of you: for the vices, corruptions, and those ulcerated wounds, which the present age doth suffer under, could not be better nor more lively discovered and pointed out. Nor are your opinions, which are full of infinite wisdom, and humane knowledge, gain-said here; for that they were not excellently good; but for that the malady is so habituated in the veins, and is even so grounded in the bones, as that humane com∣plexion is become so weak, as vital virtue gives place to the mightiness of vice, whereby we are made to know clearly, that the patient we have in hand is one sick of a consumption, who spits putrifaction, and whose hair fals from his head: The Physician hath a very hard part to play, Gentlemen, when the Patients maladies are many, and the one so far differing from the other, as cooling medicines, and such as are good for a hot liver, are nought for the stomach, and weaken it too much. And

truly this is just our case; for the maladies which molest our present age, and wherewithal all other times have been affected, do for number equal the stars of heaven, or the sea-sands, and are more various, and further differing one from another, then are the flowers of the field. I therefore think this cure desperate, and that the patient is totally incapa∣ble of humane help: And my opinion is, That we must have recourse to prayers, and to other Divine helps, which in like cases are usually im∣plored from God. And this is the true North-Star, which in the great∣est difficulties leads men into the haven of perfection: for Pauci pruden∣tia honesta ab deterioribus, utilia ab noxiis discernunt, plures aliorum even∣tis docentur. Tacit. lib. 4. Annal. And if we will approve, as we ought to do, of this consideration, we shall find, that when the world was formerly fallen into the like difficulties, it was no thought of man, but Gods care that did help it, who by sending universal deluges of water, razed mankind, full of abominable and incorrigible vice from off the world. And Gentlemen, when a man sees the walls of his house all gaping and runious, and the foundations so weakened, as in all appear∣ance it is ready to fall, certainly it is more wisely done to pull down the house, and build it anew, then to spend his money, and waste his time in piecing and in patching it. Therefore since mans life is so foully de∣praved with vice, as it is past all humane power to restore it to its for∣mer health, I do with all my heart beseech the Divine Majestie, and counsel you to do the like, that he will again open the Cataracts of hea∣ven, and send new deluges of water upon the earth, and so by pouring forth his wrath upon mankind, mend the incurable wounds thereof by the salve of death: but withal, that a new Ark may be made, wherein all boys of not above twelve years of age may be saved; and that all the female sex, of what soever age be so wholly consumed, as nothing but the unhappy memory thereof may remain. And I beseech the same Divine Majestie, that as he hath granted the singular benefit to Bees, Fishes, Beetles, and other annimals, to procreate without the feminine sex, that he will think men worthy the like favour. For Gentlemen, I have learnt for certain, that as long as there shall be any women in the world, men will be wicked.

It is not to be believed how much Cato's discourse displeased the whole Assembly, who did all of them so abhor the harsh conceit of a deluge, as casting themselves upon the ground, with their hands held up to hea∣ven, they humbly beseeched Almighty God, that he would preserve the excellent femal sex, that he would keep mankind from any more De∣luges, and that he should send them upon the earth onely to extirpate those discomposed and wilde wits, those untnuable and blood thirsty souls, those Hetorotrical and phantastick brains, who being of a de∣praved judgement, and out of an overweening opinion which they have of themselves, are in truth nothing but mad men, whose ambition was boundless, and pride without end; and that when mankind should through their misdemerits become unvvorthy of any mercy from his divine Majestie, he would be pleased to punish them with the scourges of Plague, Svvord and Famine, and that he vvould make use of his severest and of all others most cruel rod, as it is recorded by Seneca, of inriching mean men; but that he should keep from being so cruel, and causing such horrid calamity, as to deliver mankind unto the good vvill and

pleasuree of those insolent vvicked Rulers, vvho being composed of no∣thing else but blind zeal, and diabolical folly, vvould pull the vvorld in pieces if they could compass and put in practice the beastial and odde Caprichios, vvhich they hourly hatch in their heads.

Cato's opinion had this unlucky end, when Seneca thus began:

Rough dealings is not so greatly requisite in point of Reformation, as it seems by many of your discourses, Gentlemen, to be; especially when disorders are grown to so great a height: The chief thing to be consi∣dered is to deal gently with them. They must be toucht with a light hand, like wounds which are subject to convulsions. It redounds much to the Physians shame, when the Patient dying with the potion in his body, every one knows the medicine hath done him more harm then his malady. It is a rash advice to go from one extreme to another, passing by the due medium: for mans nature is not capable of violent mutati∣ons; and if it be true, that the world hath been falling many thousand years into the present infirmities, he is onely not wise, but a very fool who thinks to restore it to its former health in a few days. And if a sick man, who formerly being fat, and after a long sickness is grovvn very lean, think in the first week of his convalessence to return to his former fatness by much eating, he must surely burst: but he will happi∣ly compass his desire, if he will eat moderately and have that patience which brings whatsoever knotty business to perfection. For quae longo tempore extenuantur Corpora, lentè reficere oportet. Hip. lib. 2. Aph. Moreover, in reformation, the conditions of those who do reform, and the quality of those that are to be reformed, ought to be exactly consi∣dered. We that are the reformers, are all of us Philosophers, learned men, if those that be to be reformed, be onely Stationers, Printers, such as sell Paper, Pens and Ink, and other such things appertaining to learn∣ing, we may very well correct their errors: but if we shall go about to mend the faults of other occupations we shall commit worse errors, and become more ridiculous then the Shoomaker who would judge of co∣lours, and durst venture to censure Apelles his pictures. And upon this occasion I am forced to put you in mind of a fault which is usual amongst us the Litterati, who for four Cujus, which we have in our heads, pretend to know all things; and are not aware, that when we first swarve from what is treated on in our books, we run riot, and say a thousand things from the purpose. I say this, Gentlemen, because there is nothing which more obviates reformations, then to walk therein in the dark; which happens, when the Reformers are not perfectly well acquainted with the vices of those that are to be reformed. And the reason is ap∣parent, for nothing makes men persevere more, and grow obstinate in their errors, then when they find that he that reforms, is not well inform∣ed of their defects who are to be reformed. And to prove this to be true, which of us is it, Gentleman, that knows what belong to the false hook of Notaries, to the prevarications of Advocates, the simony used by Judges, Proctors imbroylings, the abuses of Apothecaries, Taylors filtching, Butchers thieving, and of the cheating tricks of a thousand other Artificers? And yet all these excesses must be by us corrected. And if we shall go about to amend such disorders, which are so far from our profession, shall not we be thought as blind, as he who goes about to stop a hogshead, which being full of clefts, scatters

out wine on every side? This is enough, Gentlemen, to let you know, that reformation is then likely to proceed well, when Marinors talk of winds, Souldiers of Wounds, Shepherds of sheep, and Herdsmen of Bullocks. It is manifest presumption in us to pretend to know all things, to believe that there are not three or four men of every Trade and Occu∣pation, who fear God, and love their own reputation, is meer malice, and rash judgement. My opinion therefore is, That three or four of every Trade or Occupation, who are of known goodness and inte∣grity, be sent for by us, and that every one reform his own Trade; for when Shoo-makers shall speak their opinion touching shoes and slippers, Taylors touching clothes, Chyrurgions concerning Searclothes, Cooks of Lard and Pickel'd meats, and every one shall correct his own Trade, we shall work a Reformation worthy of our selves, and of the present occasions.

Though Seneca's opinion was mightily praised by Petacchus and Chilo, who finding the other Philosophers to be of another opinion, entred their Protestation, that it was impossible to find out a better means for the reformation of mankind, then what had been mentioned by Seneca, yet did the rest of their companions abhor it more then they had done Cato's proposition; and moved with indignation, told him, That they much wondred, that by taking more reformers in into them, he would so far dishonour Apollo, who had thought them not onely sufficient, but excellently fit for that business. That it was not wisely advised to be∣gin the general reformation by publishing their own weakness; for all resolutions which detract from the credit of the publishers, want that reputation which is the very soul of business, and that jurisdiction, which is more jealous then womens honor, should be handled so prodigally by such a one as he, who was the very prime Sage of Latin Writers; and that the very vvisest men did all agree, that twenty pound of blood taken from the very life-vain, was well imployed to gain but one ounce of ju∣risdiction; and that he is mad, who holding the svvord by the handle, gives it to his enemy to rescue it from him by the point.

The whole Assembly vvere mightily afflicted, vvhen by the refuta∣tion of Seneca's opinion, they found smal hopes of effecting the Refor∣mation; for they relyed but little upon Mazzoni, vvho vvas but a no∣vice, nor could they think that he could speak any thing to the purpose; vvhich though Mazzoni did by many signs perceive, yet no vvhit dis∣couraged, he spoke thus;

It vvas not for any merit of mine, most vvise Philosophers, that I vvas admitted by Apollo into this reverend Congregation, but out of his Majesties special favour; and I very vvell knovv, that it better becomes me to use my ears then my tongue in so grave an Assembly as this, I be∣ing to learn and hold my peace. And certainly I should not dare to open my mouth upon any other occasion; but reformation being the business in hand, and I lately coming from vvhere nothing is spoken of but reformation and reformers, I desire, that every one may hold their peace, and that I alone may be heard to speak in a business vvhich I am so verst in, as I may boast my self to be the onely Euclide of this Ma∣thematick. Give me leave, I beseech you, to say, That you, in relating your opinions, seem to me to be like those indiscrete Physicians, vvho lose time in consulting, and in disputing, vvithout having so much as

seen the sick party, or heard his story for himself. We, Gentlemen, are to cure the present age of the foul infirmities vvherevvith vve see it is opprest. We have all laboured to find out the reasons of the maladies, and hovv to cure them, and none of us hath been so vvise as to visit the sick party. I therefore advise, Gentlemen, that vve send for the present age to come hither, that we interrogate it of its sickness, and that we may see the ill affected parts bare naked, and so the cure will prove easie, which you hold so desperate.

The whole Assembly was so pleased at this Mazzoni's motion, as the reformers immediately commanded the age to be sent for, which was presently brought in a chair to the Delphick Palace by the four Seasons of the year. He was a man full of years, but of so fresh and strong a complexion, as he seemed likely to live yet many ages; onely he was short breath'd, and his voyce vvas very weak: which the Philosophers wondring at; they asked him, Why his face being ruddy, which was sign that his natural heat was yet strong in him, and that his stomach was good: why, I say, he was so full of pain? and they told him, That a hundred year before, when his face was so yellow, as he s•…•…med to have the Jaundice, he spoke freely notwithstanding, and seemed to be stronger then he was now. That they had sent for him to cure him of his infirmity, and bad him therefore freely speak his griefs.

The Age answered thus, Soon after I was born, Gentlemen, I fell into these maladies which I now labour under. My face is now so fresh and ruddy, because people have pe•…•…er'd it, and coloured it with Lakes; My sickness resembles the ebbing and flowing of the sea, which always contains the same water, though it rise and fals; with this vicissitude not∣withstanding, as when my looks are outwardly good, my malady (as at this present) is more grievous inwardly; and when my face looks ill, I am best within. For what my infirmities are, which do so torment me at the present, do but take off this gay Jacket, wherewith some good peo∣ple have covered a rotten carcass, that notwithstanding breathes and view me naked, as I was made by Nature, and you will plainly see I am but a living carcass. All the Philosophers then hasted, and having stript the Age naked, they saw that the wretch pargeted with aparences four inches thick, all over his body. The Reformers caused ten razors to be forthwith brought unto them, and every one of them taking one, they fell all to scrape away the pargeting aforesaid; but they found them so far eaten into his very bones, as in all that huge Colossus, they could not find one ounce of good live flesh. At which they were much amazed, then put on the Ages Jacket again, and dismist him▪ and finding that the cure was altogether desperate, they assembled themselves close to∣gether, and forsaking the thought of all publike affairs they resolved to prepare for •…•…r indempnity of their own reputations.

Mazzoni writ what the rest of the Reformers dictated, a Manifesto, wherein they witnessed to the world the great care Apollo ever had of his Litterati's vertuous living, and of the welfare of all mankind▪ and what pains the Reformers had taken in compiling the general Reformation. Then coming to particulars they set down the prizes o•…•… ca•…•…biges, s•…•…rats, and pompions. And all the Assembly had already underwritten the refor∣mation, when Thales put them in mind, that certa•…•… H•…•…glers, who sold Lupins, and black cherryes, vented such smal measures, as it was a shame not to take order therein.

The Assembly thankt Thales for his advertisement, and added to their reformation, that the measures should be made greater. Then the Palace Gates were thrown open, and the general Reformation was read in the place appointed for such purposes, to the people who were flockt in infi∣nite numbers to the Market-place, and was so generally applauded by e∣very one, as all Parnassus rung with shouts and vociferations of joy; for the meaner sort of people are pleased with every little thing; and men of judgement know that Vitia erunt, donec Homines, Tacit. Lib. 4. Hist. As long as there be men, there will be vices. That men live on earth, though not well, yet as little ill as they may; and that the height of human wisdom lay in being so discreet as to be content to leave the world as they found it.

The LXXVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo hearing of the happy Alliance of the two Illustrious Daughters of Charls Emanuel with the two Noble Prin∣ces of Mantua and Modena, commands that extraordina∣ry demonstrations of joy be made throughout his whole Dominions.

YEsterday about nine of the clock, the usual Guard of the Pegasean Tower gave notice by two stroaks of the bell, that two men were discovered on the Castalian Plain, which hasted towards Parnassus; whereupon the Litterati ran presently to the Walls and to the Gates, to see what the matter might be. And soon after hearing the sound of a Horn, knew that it was one that came Post, with his guide: The more inquisitive Litterati ran to meet him, and when they heard that he was sent from Italy to Apollos Majesty, they all earnestly desired to know whether he brought news of any gallant Italian product, or of any taking Piece lately printed? To which the Post answered, only that he brought dispatches to Apollo, of incredible joyful news; wherefore he was wait∣ed upon to the Royal Palace by an infinite number of Litterati. When he had presented his Letters to Apollo, all the standers by, who very at∣tentively observed his Majesties face, found, that still as he read, his coun∣tenance cleared up. Having read the Letters, he with incredible joy ut∣tered these words; O how happy Union! Let my beloved Queen of Italy know, that I desire her to come speedily to me. These words caus∣ed various conjectures in the Vertuosi, and divers were the interpretati∣ons they gave thereof; but the most common was, that the necessary League, which is so much desired by all good men, was at last concluded in Italy, against that enemy to Learning, the Ottaman Empire. This mean while the Queen of Italy was seen to come walking apace towards Apollo's Royal Palace leaning upon her Bellisario. When Apollo heard she was coming to the stairs, he ran with great joy to meet her, and ha∣ving imbraced her in his arms; I heartily rejoyce (said he) together with your Majesty, at the happy news which I but now received by Letters from my Italian Academies, of the Match which his Highness Charls E∣manuel Duke of Savoy hath made of his two daughters, with the most

Noble Princess of Mantua, and Modena. What think you of the con∣junction of so Illustrious Princes, of the union so much desired, so much wisht for by me and you, of these your two beloved sons? Are not these contentments which do fully counterpoise your late troubles? Yes in∣deed, answered the Queen of Italy, and I confess unto your Majesty, that now all my desires, all my consolations are accomplished: for I never did desire any thing more earnestly, then that my Italian Princes should add the conjunction of bloud, as now they have done, to their joynt important Interests of State: So as I am wholly composed of joy, seeing that strong Gerion of many of my Italian Princes, formed into one body, which may secure me from those future evils, the fear wherof hath hither∣to so afflicted me. Then that powerful Queen, attended by all the Prin∣ces and Nobility of Parnassus, went to visit the Temple of Fruitfulness, which promis'd assured and happy offspring to these so fortunate couples. Being returned to her Royal Palace, she was congratulated by all the chief∣est Princes reciding in this State, and in the presence of so many great Heroes, she gave the honorable Title of first and chiefest Italian Warrier, to Charls Emanuel Duke of Savoy, the Father of so fortunate offspring, and Author of Italies so great felicity, to whom she immediately sent the usual signes of Golden Launce and Trunchion. Apollo, to witness his joy for this so gladsom news, caused it to be proclaimed by sound of Trum∣pet, that in respect thereof, extraordinary signes of joy should be shewed throughout all his Dominions; and upon this occasion gave leave at the earnest request of his Litterati, the which he had hitherto so resolutely denied, that Stage-players should be admitted into Parnassus.

Tilting and Turney were in the next place proclaimed; and the first day the Paladines of Spanish Romansas, Amadisi, Don Florestano, and ma∣ny others appeared within the Lists, who gave such proofs of themselves as did exceed; and all men wondred to see Palaces made all of Diamonds, built by words. The second day the French Paladins, and those of o∣ther Nations, Orlando, Rinalde, Gradasso, Sacrapante, and many others ap∣peared at Turney, who behaved themselves so couragiously as they made all men know, that Ariosto had writ sparingly of them. The third day Caro, Molza, Sanga, and other polite Courtiers appeared in the field, who valiantly challenged those other noble Champions to the combat; but they, scorning to have to do with men who had not made profession of Arms, refused the Challenge; wherefore those Courtiers did by sound of Trumpet again denounce; they challenge a second time, which was still slighted by the other Paladins. The Courtiers published a third de∣fiance; which not being accepted of, all the spectators fel a•…•… hissing at them. Wherefore Apollo, seeing so great a scorn put upon those Pala∣dins who had been rendred so famous by the Poets, was much offended, and commanded them to put their Launces in their rests, and to quell the over-daring of those Courtiers. The Champions then suddenly obeyed; and it was a strange prodigious thing, to see how those spruce Courtiers, did with a dexterous lye, with an ill turn done in time unhorse those Pala∣dins, though their Arms were inchanted. Then the couragious Brada∣mante and Marsica, incenst to see those famous Paladins so dishonored, took their Launce, and with more then manly fury, spur'd on their steeds towards the Cavaliers, so to recover the Military reputation which the o∣thers had so shamefully lost; but both of them being incountred by great

purses full of gold, spread their legs abroad, forsook their saddles, and fell to the ground flat upon their backs; by reason of these signal acts, the Prize of the Tilting was awarded to the Courtiers, who had got the trick of un∣horsing people, and of setting them beside the saddle, not by their Laun∣ces or counter-bufs, but only by meer words.

The LXXIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

The ancient Commonwealth of Rome, and the Modern Veneti∣an Liberty, argue together, what the true rewards of Ho∣nour be, by which well ordered Commonwealths do acknow∣ledge the worth of their well-deserving Senators.

THough the flourishing Commonwealth of Rome, formerly the Worlds Mistriss, be now reduced by reason of her great misfortunes, into a far differing condition from what she was in; yet in memory of her pristine greatness she still lives well esteemed, and much honored in Par∣nassus; not only for that her politick Precepts are held by all men in pow∣er, as divine answers; but because she is believed to be the true Oracle of Military affairs: as also for that nor Princes nor privat men, take any more praise-worthy or heroick examples wherewith to adorn their minds more frequently, or more advantagiously from any other place. And though so splendid a Princess hath been sundry times deflowred and ravisht, as wel by her own ingrateful and ambitious Citizens, as by her barbarous ene∣mies, by Augusto's and Silla's Proscriptions; as by the general sacking of T•…•…tilla and Atilla, and other Kings of forrein Nations; yet doth she ex∣cellently well recover her past dishonor, and her present misery, by the fame of her antient greatness. This so famous Princess, came some few daies since to visit the Venetian Liberty; a Lady of greatly famed Cha∣stity, and the best beloved and highest esteemed of as many as are in this Plebeian Court, for the opinion of her great wisdom, and for the re∣putation of her unexhaustible wealth. And whilst the Roman Liberty discoursed of her past greatness, and the Venetian Commonwealth of her present felicity, 'tis known that the Roman Commonwealth said to the Venetian Liberty, That she being purely Aristocratical, and consequent∣ly the most perfect form of a Commonwealth, did doubtlesly by her ex∣cellent Laws which promised her long life, surpass any, either past or pre∣sent Republick. But that though to maintain peace at home, and war a∣broad, the orders she observed were excellently good, yet had she not made such acquisition of States, as was expected from the wisdom, and as well publick as privat wealth of so famous a Republick; which was thought to happen by reason of her being very backward in giving such rewards as were usually given by well ordered Commonwealths, to her well deserving Senators; and that she, the Commonwealth of Rome, ac∣knowledged all the glory she had in having won the whole world in so short a time, to proceed wholly from the extraordinary worth of her Se∣nators,

whereunto they were awakened, not by any wealthy gifts, but by the rewards of eternal honor in erecting their Statues, by their trium∣phant Vestments, Trophies, by the building and dedication of famous Temples, Baselisks, and Theatres, and chiefly by that glory so much covet∣ed by those who do thirst after eternal fame of stately Roman Triumphs: Rewards which raised such Military valor, such excellent civil vertue in her Citizens, as the insuing Nations did admire, but could not imitate: And that the Venetian Liberty was so backward in rewarding the worth and merits of her honorable Senators, with the memorial of perpetual honors, as she might very well be termed ingratefull; and that infinite Noble men of Venice, having done things worthy the sublimest triumphs, both in times of peace and war, and all those rewards which eternize the memory of great Senators, she thought it very strange to see a Narnesan Statue on horseback in Padua, and one of Bergamasco in the midst of Ve∣nice, and that the famous services of Andrea Gretty, of Sebastian Venieri, and of a thousand other famous Venetian Senators, who had not only ex∣celled the Gatta Melati, and the Colleoni, in parts both of soul and body, but might deservedly be paralel'd with Pompey and Cesar, were not re∣compenced with the reward of perpetual memory, which their glorious actions had deserved.

Menante, who writes all these things with great integrity and faithful∣ness, had it from a very good hand, that the Venetian Liberty, not any whit at all moved, answered the Roman Republick; That she had not so inlarged her Territories as the Romans had done theirs, not for that (as she gave her self to believe) the thirst after glory and fame was wanting in her Senators; but for the clean contrary ends which the two Common∣wealths had propounded unto themselves; for the Venetian Senators made peace the utmost bounds of their ambition, whereas the Roman Senat made war theirs. And that she had clearly learnt by her most unfor∣tunate end, that too greatly disproportionate atchievements made by States, did disorder all the politick Laws of whatsoever well-governed Commonwealth; but chiefly such as were Aristocratical, the Nobility whereof being to consist but of a few, and not sufficient to govern a great State, the wholsom Laws of living free, would be filled with confusion, should the number of the Nobility be rendred immensly great. As her Majestie of Rome had by her infinite calamities, made it appear unto the world, who by adding people whom she had subjected to the number of Roman Citizens, did happily aggrandize her State, but much lessen her Liberty. And that for her part she was satisfied with so much Em∣pire, as might serve to secure the Venetian Liberty from forrein Forces; and that she did not covet the greatness of State, out of an ambitio•…•… to command, but out of glory not to serve: That as for honorable rewards which well ordered Commonwealths ought to barter with worth, and therewith to reward the merits of her Senators, she took her self to be in∣jured by being stiled ungratefull; for eternal Trophies, and perpetual triumphant Arches were seen in Venice, not made of brittle Marble, or mettals subject to the violence of fire, but of incorruptible materials, wherewith she largely rewarded her well deserving Senators, as it very well became her to do; to the end that the memory of their worthy acti∣ons might be gloriously conveyed to futurity.

To this the Roman Liberty answered, That she had often seen all the

rooms of her Highness's Palace, and does not remember that she ever saw any Trophies, triumphant Arches, or other things to perpetuate the memory of her Nobility. Hereupon the Venetian Liberty caused many of her Nobility of all ages to enter the room, whom she stript naked, and then opened their brests, and then much to her astonishment, the Roman Liberty saw all those triumphant Arches, Trophies Statues, and other stately triumphs, which they by their glorious actions had merited of their Country, erected in the hearts of her Gritti, Venieri, Capelli, Grimani, Bragadini, Basqualigi, and other of her deserving Senators: and that which encreased the wonder of the Roman Dame, was to see in the hearts of those Noble Venetians, a fervent charitable desire to reward the egre∣gious works of so deserving Senators, in their posterity; and a fire of e∣mulation to imitate those worthy Heroes, and to do acts which they saw were so gloriously rewarded. Then the Venetian Liberty with testimony of great affection, said thus unto the Roman Lady; Such as we, ought to recommend the vertue and deserts of our Citizens to posterity, by these triumphant Arches, and with these demonstrations which you, Madam, see written in the hearts of my Senators. These are the Statues, and o∣ther publick Memorials which wisdom awakens in the hearts of honora∣ble Senators who thirst after glory. These are the places where Tro∣phies, and other publick Memorials of deserving Senators should be ere∣cted, and not in Piazza's: For the memory which the Nobility of a Com∣monwealth keeps eternally in their hearts, of the deserts of such as have done glorious actions, is that which awakes emulation and true vertue: Things which alwaies produce good effects tending to the service of a Free Country; whereas Triumphs, Trophies, Statues, and such like things, which are so familliarly seen built in your streets of Rome, in me∣mory of your well-deserving Senators, hath served only to procure them that number of followers of the rabble sort of people, which occasioned the ambition of Reign in your unfortunate Senators, Silla, Marius, Sin∣na, Crassus, Pompey, and Cesar, which was that which put upon you the unfortunate and shameful chain of servitude, which you now drag at your heels: A great disorder, and from whence I know that you doe acknow∣ledge all those evils to proceed, which have made you so famous even in calamities. And know, that our Senators do very fitly resemble those young Virgins who marry, being chaste both of mind and body,: For as those careless husbands hazard the making of them whores, by send∣ing them abroad to all Balls and Festivals; so Free Commonwealths do imprudently infuse into the minds of their civil and well composed Sena∣tors, a desire of becoming Tyrants, by the rewards of publick Me∣morials, which purchase popular breath, and the attendance of the rab∣ble rout.

The LXXX. ADVERTISEMENT.

The People of Lesbos, after Cornelius Tacitus ran away from them, chuse Anna Momorancy, by Apollos appoint∣ment, for their Prince.

AFter the unhappy success which (as you heard by some of our last) Cornelius Tacitus had in his Principality of Lesbos, and his flight from that State, nothing was left unindeavored, neither by himself, nor by o∣ther Princes who were his friends, to induce Apollo to work so with the people of Lesbos, as that he might again return to his Principality, but all to no purpose; for his Majestie was ever constant in his assertion, that no good was ever to be hoped from the Government of Princes, who for such like offences grew bitter to their people. But for satisfaction to the men of Lesbos, who continually prest him by their Ambassadors, that he would propound unto them a new Prince; he nominated Anna Momo∣rancy, an honorable French Baron; who was received with great satisfa∣ction to the people of Lesbos, and proclaimed Prince of that State. 'Tis certainly true, that some Vertuosi who were very well acquainted with the affairs of Lesbos, made a long, and an exact series of many abuses which reigned in that State, from whence they said grew great inconveniences, and did accurately name the waies which were to be held to reduce the af∣fairs of Lesbos to a much better condition: And this they gave to Momo∣rancy, who told those his friends, that the amending of disorders in a Prin∣cipality by new Laws and Magistrates, was to be undertaken only in here∣ditary States, where the children, and other successors of the defunct Prince, did usually so tenaciously inherit their predecessors thoughts, as they esteemed it a secure foundation of their Government, and a necessa∣ry piece of Policy, to be very jealous in the observancy thereof; but that in elective Principalities, wherein successors used often to undo what their predecessors had done, either out of curiosity, or to cast dirt in the faces of former Princes, it was a difficult business to begin to reform those things which wholly depending upon an exquisite and exact obser∣vancy of giving orders, required that many successive Princes should be of the same mind; which being hard to be found in elective States, he said that the best advice which could be given to such an one as he in the Government of Lesbos, was to shun novelty, and resolve to live accor∣ding to the ancient Laws, whatsoever they were; and to leave things as he found them; for in houses that are rented, wise men are contented to live in the old rooms; and they are over-curious who build new apartements, which 'tis ods but that they will be thrown down, either out of the capri∣chiousness or ill-will of the next comer.

The LXXXI. ADVERTISEMENT.

The excellent Bolognian Physitian, Jovanni Zecca, sels in Parnassus the true Antidote against the French Pox.

THree daies ago certain papers were posted up in all the publick places of Parnassus, wherein were written these words; The famous Bolog∣nian Physitian Iovanni Zecca, is arived in this City, who having found out the true and secure receit to keep men from taking the French Pox, incites all men to provide themselves thereof; the rich shall have it for reasonable rates, the poor for Gods sake. This stirred up great curiosity amongst the Litterati to have a receit so necessary for these times; and so much the rather, for that they knew Zecca to be one of the rarest in his profession, and an excellent good writer. And believing all that the re∣ceit consisted of Oyles, Electuaries, Powders, and other such Medicinal ingrediences, they wondred exceedingly when they saw Zecca shew them a Picture drawn by the life, of a gallant Gentleman whose nose was eaten off with the French Pox; telling them the way how to use this receit, was, that just as they were about to lie with a woman whose health they suspected, they take this Picture out of their bosom, which he gave them, and which as many as should fixedly look upon, and seriously contem∣plate, they might be confident that this medicine taken in by the eye, would have such operation, as they should never be infected with that loathsom disease. Some were so curious, as they suddenly ran to make experience of this new receit; and they say they found it to be exceeding good: For they who in the greatest height of lust did fixedly look upon, and attentively contemplate this Picture, cashiering their carnal thoughts, and calling to mind how shameful a thing it was for a man to lose his nose, which was the ornament of the face, the seat and proper place of reputa∣tion; whilst they considered that men ran hazard of encouraging so great a shame, by eating a bit, which though it was savory in the chewing, proves stinking and unpleasant even to a mans very imagination, when it is swallosed down, it did so dead all carnal desire in men who valued their reputation, as the self inconsiderate instrument of lust, though it be whol∣ly void of judgement and discretion, was so apprehensive of the danger which his beloved correllative ran by that act, as preferring the health thereof before its own pleasure, it withdrew more speedily into its habi∣tation, then do Tortoises when stones are thrown apace at them.

The LXXXII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Litterati of Parnassus do with great solemnity celebrate the Holy day dedicated to the lowdable Lawrel-Leaves.

YEsterday the solemn Festival dedicated to the Lawrel Leaves, was ce∣lebrated by all the Litterati with great pomp and joy; a Festival institu∣ted in Parnassus ever since Dafne's memorable accident, to exhilerate his Majestie, who was much afflicted at the remembrance of so sad a Meta∣morphosis; on which solemn day, only Poets, Emperors, and other He∣roes are permitted to come into the stately Colledg of the Litterati with Garlands on their heads, whilst those that have not deserved so great a prerogative, are not suffered to stir out of their own dores, lest they should profane the solemnity of so great a day by their naked heads. Petrarch, who had of old obtained the honor of that imployment from Apollo, made a Learned Oration in praise of those so honored Leaves; but whilst he was making his Oration, a strange chance befel that worthy Poet; for after having by his Encomium exaggerated the praise of that Plant so dear∣lypriz'd by his Maj. as that it is respected even by Thunder; and having spoken of the noble Prerogative which it enjoies, of being that where with the Temples of Emperors, and glorious Heroes are only surrounded; he fell to make a long and bitter invective against the ignorance of the pre∣sent times, wherein Learning having lost much esteem, those very self∣same so famous Leaves, which in better time were held in such esteem, was now so basely and scornfully used by the ignorant modern men, as they did not only make use thereof for the signes of their base Tipling∣houses, but were not ashamed to put it into their provocative sawces, gel∣lies, Eels, and even into their rosted Olives. Petrarch was so very fervent, and had such commotion of mind, and compunction of spirit, in recount∣ing these so strange neglects, as he fell down in a swound ere his Oration was perfected, nor could they bring him to himself again, till the fair Lady Lawra, all sorrowful as she was, was thrown into the bosom of her belo∣ved Poet. Petrarch was much honored for this accident, which made the whole Colledg of the Vertuosi plainly see how intirely and intimatly he loved that honour'd Lawrel which he had praised with such elegancy in his Italian Verses. But it hapned that presently after this swouning, a very bitter disticon, or caplet of Verses were fixt upon the Delfick Porch; wherein it was said, that that swouning fit had not befallen Petrarch for a∣ny sorrow for the injuries done to the Lawrel-leaves, but for remembrance of those savory Olives; and this was the Disticon:

Non Amor hunc Laurae, sed amica jecus•…•…ula Lauro Quem Memori spirant, examinavit Odor.

'Twas not the love to Lawra made him swound, But scent of Lawrel broths did him confound.

The publick garblers of Poetry, by express order from his Majesty, brought these two Latin verses to the test, and found clearly that they is∣sued from Martials abundant phancy, who was soon after imprisoned. Then Petrarch accompanied with a squadron of Italian Poets, ran towards the Royal Palace; and it being feared that he came to complain of Marti∣al, he was met by Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius, who first imbraced him, and then earnestly intreated him that he would add to the glory which he had received by the accident which befell him whilst he was ma∣king his Oration, the great good will he should get of all the Vertuosi, if he would pass by Marshals Disticon as but a merriment. And they moreover told him, that all men knew that injuries written by loquatious Poets, did not touch to the quick, when those that were concerned could laugh at them; and that truths did only nettle and seek revenge. Pe∣trarch would not be advised by the Poets, but angerly answered them, that he in his reading had learnt the vertue not to offend any; but that when he found himself so nearly touched, he could not forgive; where∣fore inraged with anger, and desirous of revenge, he came to Apollo, and with bitter words exaggerated the injury done him by Martial, and did so incense Apollo against him, as his Majesty banished him for ever out of Parnassus, and the Precincts thereof; and the Sentence was ready to be put in execution, when Martials Advocate produced a Motu Propriae, which had been published many years before by his Majesty, wherein it was ordained, that a Jest, though it were bitter, provided it were witty, eloquent, quick, facetious, and that it had salt in it, and that it were not spo∣ken out of premeditated mischief, but had escaped from a lively and ready wit, suddenly at unawares, deserved praise rather then punishment, as a fault which sprung rather from the vivacity of wit, then from the malice of mind; for that even the wisest men could not forbear breaking a witty and facetious jest, which proceeded from a ready sharp wit; and that though for many respects it ought neither to have been written nor said, yet it deserved to be listned unto, and read by men given to curiosity, for the quick vivacity thereof.

The LXXXIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo having highly commended the King of Spains De∣cree, That no Advocates nor Proctors should go into the Indies: The Doctors of Law quarrel grievously with his Majesty for it.

THe abode of Parnassus owes not its happiness only to Apollos excel∣lent Government, nor to its being inhabited by the prime select Wits of the world, but to the vertuous living of her inhabitants, the perfecti∣on of their manners, and to the exquisiteness of all the best Laws which cul'd from out the whole world, are diligently introduced, and observed in that State. For those who live there, are bound to bring with them the best Customs of their Countries: A thing which hath been so advan∣tagious to every privat man, and hath brought so great reputation to the Publick, as it appears evidently, that the Country is to be esteemed hap∣py, which lives not only by her own Laws, but by choice Laws pickt out from all other civil Nations. Wherefore Apollo being informed that the Potent Kings of Spain have upon several penalties prohibited the pas∣sing of any Proctors or Advocates into the Indies, intituled it a most ho∣ly Edict, and highly praised the piety of those Monarchs who have shew∣ed such charity to the new world, as to preserve it from that disease which hath filled the old world with so many sad controversies. His Maje∣stie moreover gave present order that so excellent an Edict should be re∣gistred in a Table of Brass, which should to eternal memory be fixt in the chief Market-place, next to the twelve Tables of the famous Roman Laws. I must not forget to let you know that the Doctors of Law were mightily scandalized hereat, who earnestly recommended unto his Majesty the indempnity of their reputations; saying, that if they might not obtain so much favour, as that this Law might not be published, it would afford occasion to many to imitate the Anconitans, Norcinans, Re∣canetesans, and others, who, with no little dishonor to Learning, had ba∣nished those professers of Law, who were held in so great admiration by other people, as they verily believed nothing could be well said, or done, without the liking of a learned-Lawyer: And that they did the more ear∣nestly beseech his Majesty to consider their case, for that the indempnity of the sacred Liberal Sciences, wherein the Students of Law had spent so much time and monies, was therein likewise concern'd. Apollo, con∣trary to the opinion of all men, was strangely offended at this their pres∣sure, and in great anger answered those Doctors. That he could not but very much wonder at their boldness, who durst affirm in his presence, that they had spent both time and monies in learning the Liberal Sciences, as if the Delfick Law were not sufficiently known to the whole world, wherein the study of the Law was declared to be no Liberal Science, but a meer mechanical mystery, introduced in the world to afflict manking, studied without any delectation of the soul, or speculation of the under∣standing,

and without the assistance of the sacred Muses, which was so ne∣cessary in all good Sciences, and only practised for meer avarice of gain, to fatten a fowl filthy beast with monies, who though he wholly wanted that vivacity of wit, which is so much loved by learning, it was sufficient to become a great Advocate, if he had but an Oxes brain, and a Porters complexion.

The LXXXIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

The chiefest Litterati of Parnassus desire Apollo that Taci∣tus may re-compose those Books of his Annals, and Histo∣ries which are lost.

YEsterday the chiefest Litterati of Parnassus met together in the pub∣lick Schools, and after having discoursed long together, they all of them presented themselves unanimously before Apollo, to whom the learned Florentine Pietro Vittorio, in the name of all the rest, said, That those Vertuosi whom his Majesty saw there, did most humbly desire a fa∣vour of him, which would be the greatest and most acceptable that he could ever grant to his Litterati; who bitterly bewailing the infinite loss which Learning hath had of the greatest part of the Annals and Histories of that Father of human wisdom, and true inventer of modern Policy; Cor∣nelius Tacitus did humbly beseech his Majesty to command that so ex∣cellent Personage, that he would amend the wrong which the injury of time had done to his honour, and to the publick profit of the Vertuosi, by re-making whatsoever is now found wanting of those his most excellent labours. Apollo, contrary to expectation, startled at this request which appeared so reasonable, and with an appearance of dislike, answered, O my ignorant Litterati! do not you think that the Princes of the world are sufficiently known in State-affairs, that you would have them more learn∣ed in that Science, in which, to your misery be it spoken, they already know too much? Since tis clearly seen that some of them by practising a devilish and infernal reason of State, have brought both sacred and pro∣fane things to utmost confusion. Hath not the common miseries and scandals occasioned by the severe and wretched Government of some Princes, made you see, that modern Policy, wholly framed by your so be∣loved Tacitus, hath like a contagious disease, infected the world? Do not you already sufficiently know that the now practised reason of State, by which the people are rather flead then shoarn, rather suckt dry then milkt, rather opprest then govern'd, is now grown so exorbitant, as it is great folly to desire it should rage yet more? Think you not that some mode∣rate Princes have learnt precepts enough to pill and poll their people from Tiberius his cruel Government, and Nero's ravenous life, so exactly writ∣ten by your Tacitus, that you would have them see whether they could pick out some conceal'd precept to imbitter the fifth Act of your sor∣rowful

servitude, in the lives of Caligula and Domitian, which God out of his great goodness to you, hath raced out of the world, only that the obscenity and cruelty used by those monsters of Nature, might be for e∣ver forgotten? The loss of the greatest part of Tacitus his labours, O my Vertuosi, hath been a happy gain unto the world: How happy would men be, if the unfortunate remainders of them, preserved for the utmost calamity of mankind, were no waies to be found; and that the world were governed according to the modesty and integrity of ancient Mo∣narchs, who thought men to be rational creatures, not beasts with two legs (as many modern Princes by their usages seem to think them) creat∣ed so by God for their good, as if he had made mice only to fatten cats. But you, Monsieur Vittorio, whom I find to be one of those that desire that •…•…acitus should be rendred intire; give me leave to have a word or two in privat with you, who have spoken in the name of the rest; Do not you think that your Princes are become learned Physitians to cure cancar of the Florentines seditian, by reading the very first page of Taci∣tus his Annals, which they have so well studied and put in practice? Hap∣py had the world been, if Tacitus had been alwaies tacit: Therefore fare you well, you and your posterity, I am sorry to see that men are no wiser then Thrushes, whose excrement proves their own ruine; •…•…urdus Malum sibi Cacat.

The LXXXV. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo being advertised that ignorant men took up arms a∣gainst Learning, puts himself in posture to defend his Ver∣tuosi.

THe suspitions of War which the Litterati have had for these divers months past, are at last proved true; for the Post which came to A∣pollo on Tuesday night last brought Letters from divers Princes well adicted to Learning, which said, that for certain the ignorant took up arms against the Litterati; and that they had already raised many thou∣sands of Barbarians, mortal enemies to the Liberal Sciences. Upon the hearing whereof, Apollo forthwith reinforced the Garrisons of the chief∣est Towns of Phosides, Pindus, and Libetrus, and then commanded Ori•…•…∣sto and Berni, that they should presently take into pay, two Brigadoes of Italian Satyrical Poets, and that the Brigadoes of the Latin Poets, Per∣seus, and Iuvenal, being muchlessened, should be recruited with Poets from Itally, who did abound in that sort of Militia: And then declared Torquatus T•…•…ssus to be Leader of the Heroick Italian Poets, who chose his Father Bernardo for his Lieutenant, and that good old Father thought himself much honored in obeying so gallant a son. Virgil was made General of the Heroick Latin Poets, and Lucan was his Lieutenant. Ha∣nibal Caro in a great Assembly of Poets, all of the first Classis, assisted

therein more by the favours of the house of Fernese, then by his own de∣serts, was declared General of the Italian Lyrick Poets; which place would have been bestowed on Petrarch, Guidicchion, or Monsieur de la Casa, if their habit would have permitted them to have worn a Murrion, or Brest-plate. Horrace had the free voice of the whole Army, to be General of the Latin Lyrick Poets. Vigetius was made Camp-Master General of the whole Army, and Iulius Frontinus Serjeant Major; Iohn Francisco Pico, Count of Mirandola was made Standard-bearer, and in his Standard-General, bore the famous Ensigne of an open Book; Ovi∣dius Naso was made Treasurer-General; and afterwards all necessary provisions and expedition for War were made: In so much as Apollo had already so formidable an Army of Vertuosi in the field, as he held him∣self sure of the victory. But to so great a body of Militia, the soul, mo∣ney, was wanting: Some propounded the raising of publick Taxes upon the people, to provide for so urgent a necessity; but that being found to be a pernitious way, and that it was dangerous to distaste the people with new grievances, who ought to be eased, that they might become their friends; and that it was impossible to preserve a State amidst the troubles of War, when assaulted by a potent Army, if it be inhabited by ill affe∣cted people: The care of providing monies, was referred by Apollo, to his general Councel of War; who soon fell upon what is infinitely mis∣liked by those who understand little, but loved and commended by good Polititians, to wit, to lay tribute upon places of small importance; but trusty, and far from the enemies confines. So great was the love which every one shewed to Learning, and their hatred against the ignorant so intense, as the people of Parnassus, to keep themselves from falling into their hands, and from seeing that horrid beast, that dreadful monster of Nature, which is so displeasing to the Vertuosi, of a man that can neither write nor read, as not only those places which were appointed by Apollo, but even those that were not put into the List, ran to his Majestie, and desired as a singular favour to be made tributary, and to pay Composition: Only Ephesus refused openly to obey Apollo: whereat his Majesty was so offended, as finding the more they were perswaded, the more obstinate they grew, he thought it necessary to use force; which they of Ephesus being made acquainted by some of the Vertuosi, who were their intimate friends, they forthwith sent 20 Ambassadors to his Majesty, all of them noted men, and prime Citizens; who told him that the Loyal City of Ephesus would so willingly run with their lives and means to the defence of the State, as they would think it a particular favour, and singular grace, if upon that occasion his Majestie would cause the publick and privat goods of the men of Ephesus to be sold to whom would offer most; and that what monies might be thereby raised, might be delivered into his Trea∣surers for the occasions of the War; and that their denial of becoming feu∣datory, or of paying Composition, was not occasioned out of any disobe∣dience to his Majesty, or disaffection to Learning; but for that they fore∣saw that they should assuredly be made feudatory to a cruel Tyrant, whose Government, for the love they bore their Country, their lives and ho∣nour, they were resolved to shun, though by the hazard of what they held dearest. Apollo was so well satisfied by those of Ephesus, as he embra∣ced the Ambassadors one by one, and thanked them very much for their readiness to serve him; and then told them, that to secure them from be∣ing

ill dealt withall by any new power; That though Seneca the Tragedi∣an had offered high for their Composition, yet he would make-them feu∣datory to Ovidius Naso, who was so affectionate to the Country of Ephe∣sus, as was well known to the Vertuosi, from whom they might expect to be dealt withall with all humanity.

To this the Ambassadors answered; That they beseeched his Majesty to remember, that whilst Ausonius Gallus was their Prince, the people of Ephesus were at perpetual variance with him, which ended with their send∣ing him out of their State sorely and shamefully wounded; and that now that his Majestie knew how great reason the people of Ephesus had to abhor their new infeoffment, he might use his pleasure; for they were re∣solved willingly to undergo any calamity, rather then to give his Majesty any distaste. These reasons alleadged by the Ambassadors with such ge∣nerous humility, did so convince Apollo, as he told them they might live secure, that Ephesus should never be commanded by any but himself; because he very well knew, that those who had driven their Prince out of their State, and had dealt so ill with him, had much reason to apprehend the being made Tributary a second time; for every new Prince, how meek or gentle soever he were, must be necessitated to use seve∣rity, and exercise all those cruel resentments which the seditious Neo∣politan Baron received from the austere Kings of Aragon, so to secure himself from being treated as was his predecessor.

The LXXXVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Justus Lipsius, to make amends for his fault in having accu∣sed Tacitus, is so intent thereupon, as he is accused before Apollo to have Idolatrized him; for which after a feigned punishment, he is at last praised, and admired by his Ma∣jestie.

THe most observing Litterati of this State, have often noted, That when any Vertuosi hath through human frailty committed an error, he doth, for the hatred he beats to vitious actions, amend it by falling in∣to the other extream: And divers affirm that Democrit•…•…s did not put out his eyes for the benefit of contemplation, but to make amends for a fault which he had commited in having looked upon a handsom young woman with a more wanton eye then became a Philosopher. And it is also re∣ported that Harpecretes, to correct an error which he had committed in having been too loquacious at a Feast, for which he was greatly blamed, fell into the other extream of never speaking again. Nor ought the Po∣ets Sentence to be held true; Dum vitant stulti vitia, in contr•…•…ia currunt: Since the dogg which hath been scalded with boyling water, is esteemed wise for staying within dores when it rains: As also it is the councel of a wise man, to hate Eels after a man hath been bitten with a Snake. This

is said, because Iustus Lipsius was so heartily sorry for, and did so repent his having so unfortunately accused Tacitus, as to amend a fault for which he was much blamed by all the Vertuosi of this State, he soon after went to Tacitus, and humbly asked him pardon for the injury he had done him: Who knowing what honour a man wins by being ready to forgive, which magnanimity becoming a Roman Senator, did not only freely forgive Lipsius, but did heartily thank him for having afforded him an occasion of doin•…•… so glorious an act, as sincerely to forgive an injury received. The wonder of so great indulgency, and the easiness in obtaining his so much desired pardon, being added to the ancient great devotion which Lipsius (who was alwaies very partial to Tacitus) bore to so sublime an Historian, did so much encrease his love and veneration, as he frequented Tacitus his house more then his own, delighted to discourse with him more then with any other of the Litterati, was not better pleased with any other conver∣sation, did not celebrate any Historian more, and did all this with such par∣tiality of inward affection, as he strove to imitate him in his quaintness of speaking more by conceits then words, in his brevity of succinct speaking, full of gravity, matter, sententiousness, and so as was only perspicuous to good understanders, procuring thereby the envy and hatred of all the Vertuosi depending upon Cicero, and the Cesarian Faction, who did not approve thereof, and presumed by an Antonomasia, to call him his Au∣thor, and not caring for what others said of him, he affected nothing more then to appear a second Tacitus. This unusual affection amongst friends, not used to Masters, and which did exceed all love born to consanguinity, begot such jealousie in Mercerus, Beatus Rhenenus, Fulvius Orsinus, Marcus Antonius Muretas, and in other of Tacitus his followers, as for meer envie, though under the colour of revenging the injury which Lip∣sius had formerly done their friend Tacitus, they accused Lipsius before Apollo of the same impiety, which he had accused Tacitus of: Saying to his Majesty, that he did not love Tacitus as a friend, did not honor him as a Master and Patron, but did adore him as his Apollo, as his God. This accusation, which as it fares in faults of high Treason, seems through the atrocity thereof, to be sufficiently proved by bare allegation, did much trouble Apollo; who esteeming himself offended by Lipsius, he made be forthwith brought bound unto him by a Pretorian Cohort of Lyrick Poets; and with an angry countenance, and threatning way, asked him what he thought of one Cornelius Tacitus, an Oylmans son of Ternio? To this •…•…ipsius answered, That he held Tacitus to be the chief of all In∣telligent Historians; the Father of human wisdom, the Oracle of the true Reason of State, the Master of Polititians, the Coryfeus of all such Writers as had arived at the glory of using more conceits then words in their Writings, the true rule whereby to learn to write the actions of great Princes, with the learned light of their true occasion; a great piece of art, and which was only known by the noblest sort of Historians, as that which rendred them very glorious, who knew how to make use of it, and him learned, who had the judgement to consider it, the Idea of Histori∣cal truth, the true Teacher of Princes, Schoolmaster of all Courtiers, the true touchstone whereby the world might try the genius of Princes, the Standard whereby men might exactly weigh the real worth of privat men, the Book which Princes who would learn how to command Subjects wel; who desired to know how to obey wel, ought to have continually in their

hands. Apollo knew by this so affected encomium, and by so exaggerat∣ed praises, that Lipsius did openly, and with a bare face adore Ta•…•…itus: Wherefore being highly incenst, he said, What think you then of me, Lipsius, who am the Father of Learning, the supreme Master of all Sci∣ences, absolute Prince of the Liberal Arts, and the Monarch of Vertue, if with such impiety and impudence you Idolatrize a Writer who is so hateful to all good men, and so much detested by the professers of the Latin Tongue, for the newness of his phrase, the obscurity of his speech, his vitious brevity, and for his so cruel Political Doctrine, by which he rather forms severe Tyrants then; just Princes, vitious subjects, then such as are indued with that naked goodness which makes Government so easie to Princes; it being clearly seen, that he by his impious precepts con∣verts lawful Princes into Tyrants, transforms natural subjects, who ought to be mild and obedient sheep into, wily foxes, and creatures which Nature hath wisely ordained without or teeth or horns, into ravenous wolves and head-strong buls; a great Doctor of Fallacies, the only Artificer of Ty∣ranny, a new Zenofon of a cruel and execrable Tiberipedia; the true forger of cunning cheating, of saying things which he intends not, of per∣swading that to others, which he himself believes not; of seeming fer∣vently to covet that which he desires not, and of appearing to hate what he loves; an excellent Master to teach men the wicked Doctrine of con∣cealing what they think, and of speaking falshoods; the Architecture of Fallacies, and the only and so excellent Author of rash Judgements, as most commonly he interprets mens wicked actions for sanctified ones, and their good ones for diabolical? And wilt thou alone, amongst so many of my faithful Vertuosi, even to my very face adore one for thy God, who by his Writings shews he does not know that there is a God? who being composed of nothing but impiety, hath divulged that cruel and de∣sperate Policy, which doth so shame Princes that practice it, and so much afflict people that make trial of it? Who hath taught Princes as well as privat men, the wicked art of double dealing, the fraudulency to do what they do not say, and to say what they mean not to do; which is practised by some, only that they may learn the wicked doctrine to paint out that for black, which is white, how to wind people about by fair speeches, and foul deeds; of deceiving all men by laughing when a man is angry, and weeping when well pleased; and of measuring love, hatred, and all hu∣man vertue, only by the wicked compass of self-interest; one vvho is read by good men, only that they may knovv the nevv and deep fetches, by vvhich unhappy mankind in this present age, so miserably, and vvith such publick calamity vvhirld about, and to discover the execrable hypo∣crisie vvhich many Disciples of such a Master have practised, that they may be esteemed by the simpler sort of people, to live the lives of Saints, though by obeying Tacitus his precepts, they doe things vvhich even the devils of hell vvould blush to doe: Are not you, Lipsius, avvare, hovv since your Tacitus is so frequently read, many Princes svverve from the wonted fashion of governing their people with meekness and clemency, & many privat men have forsaken their former purity of life: many of •…•…acitus his Writings were not lost (as divers ignorant people affirm) by the de∣luge of Barbarians, which came to conquer Italy: they were missing be∣fore then, not by the ignorance of people, who in those troublesom times were busied in War; but for that those ancient people in whom the sin∣cerity

of soul, and purity of the new Christian Religion did reign, did detest that Writer which is now so much beloved; and set up by many (as I see he is by you) to be adored for their golden Calf. Tacitus is in all his parts unworthy to be read by honest men; for there be more im∣pieties in him, then leaves, lines, words, sillables, nay then letters: But it must be confest that the life which he hath written of Tiberius (a fit Prince for the pen of such an Historian) is altogether unsufferable; which to the great benefit of mankind, was for many ages hidden in some secret parts of Germany, till by the pestiferous curiosity of a German, which proved more fatal to the world then his compatriot, the inventer of guns, it was brought to light at the same time when that Noble Province be∣gan to be infected by the modern heresie; only that Tacitus might by so great a prodigie subvert profane things, when Luther molested the sacred ones: Writings integrally wicked, and lost for a while, because the anci∣ents liked them not: And now (to the great shame of the present age) only admired by those Polititians, who being followers of so great im∣piety, have learnt from the Master of fallacies, the doctrine of entertain∣ing men with words as long as they live, of feeding them with smoak; of filling them with wind, and of bringing them by vain hopes to utter beg∣gery. Certainly an infernal doctrin; which being sowed by the husbandman, Tacitus, only for the benefit of Princes, is now so greedily imbraced by eve∣ry privat man, as Tacitus, who was formerly esteemed an Author only fit for Princes, is now so frequently handled by all men, as Shop-keepers and Porters, seem to understand nothing better then reason of State; and to the great derision of an art so highly esteemed by gallant men, the world is full of base teachers of Policy.

Lipsius was half dead to hear Apollo speak thus bitterly: Yet taking courage at his very last gasp, he beg'd pardon of his Majesty for any other fault that he had committed; and then freely said, That his obligations to Tacitus were such, so great the honor, which by means of this his beloved Author, he had won amongst the Flemmish, Germans, English, French, Spaniards, and Italians, as though he should love and honour him as his earthly God, he thought he should not do enough to discharge his duty to the full, and exactly shew his gratitude: For having left ordinary wri∣tings behind him in the world, they were only his labours upon Tacitus, which had made him merit an admittance into Parnassus, and immortal renown amongst men: And that if he who drove a great Trade with an∣other mans money, was to be born withall, if he did even adore him, who at his pleasure might make him turn bankrupt; how much more did he deserve at least to be excused, if not commended by his Majesty, if he were extravagant, and did exceed the bounds of duty, in his loving and honoring of Tacitus, since his whole stock of credit with the Vertuosi was founded only in him? And that since his entrance into Parnassus, he had been so beloved and respected by the Litterati, as his house had been as much frequented as those of the most famous Writers; but that since he committed the gross fault of offending Tacitus, Statim relictum illius limen, nemo adire, nemo s•…•…lari: Tacit. lib: 3. Annal. That there∣fore he would rather hate himself, and die, then lessen the reverence he bore to that his Author: for he thought it a lesser loss to lose his life, then the height of honor which by Tacitus his means he was arived at. Apollo was scandalized to hear Lipsius speak thus; and growing still more angry,

blamed him, for that in his presence he had by so impudent an asseverati∣on, rather shewed his stif-neckt stubbornness of persevering in so wicked obstinacy, then repent and ask pardon for his fa ult: And chiefly his Ma∣jesty could not indure that he should term idolatry, gratitude, and obstina∣cy, constancy. Wherefore he commanded the same Cohort of Lyrick Poets to drag him out of dores, who was not worthy to look upon his Lord and Master, whom he had so highly offended; and that having first stript him of all his Learning, they should declare him to be shamefully ignorant, and then burn him as a wicked Idolater. Lipsius was already brought to the place of execution, when his dearest friends advised him to bethink himself better, and save both his life and reputation, by cra∣ving his Majesties pardon. Lipsius, whilst in this very desperate conditi∣on, did so increase in constancy and boldness, as he bad Apollo use his pleasure, he could not make him die ignorant, who was possest with gra∣titude, the Queen of all Human Vertues; that therefore the flames which should consume his body, would give a greater splendor of glory, then of fire; and that he protested at that very last minute of his life, he was so far from acknowledging the fault which was laid to his charge, of having loved and honored his Tacitus too much, that in commemoration of the infinite obligations which he ought him, it grieved him more then death, to think he should die ungrateful; and that the present agony which they might all perceive him to be in, arose not from the terror of death, but from his immense sorrow to have heard his Tacitus termed by his Maje∣sty, a wicked Atheist; an injury, which if it had been done to that most wise Writer by any other then his Majesty, he would not, though in that his last moment of life, have left it unrevenged, at least by words, and that with the liberty which most properly belonged to him who desired not to live, he witnessed to all the world, that Tacitus did so far know God, as being he alone, who of all the Writers of the Gentiles, had by his great wisdom arived at the knowledg, How much the faith of things unseen, avails in matters of Religion, or which cannot be proved by reason, he had said, Sanctiusque, ac reverentius visum, de actis Deorum credere quam scire. Tacit. de Morb. Germ. Most holy words, and worthy to be considered by those Divines, who in their Writings were at a loss through too sophistical subtilties. Apollo being full of wonder, and infi∣nitely astonished at the things he had heard, caused Lipsius immediately to be set at liberty, and straitly imbracing him, said, O my dear Vertuoso! with how much consolation to my self, and how much to your advantage have I tried your patience and constancy, and by the injurious speeches which I have uttered against Tacitus, which are the very same which they accuse him with, who neither study him nor understand him, have I made proof of your devotion towards that excellent Historian, who even de∣serves my wonder. And by what I have heard you say, I find that you have been delighted in reading him, and long studied him to your pro∣fit: For I know that the defence, which so much to your glory you have made, is your own, but taken out of my and your dearly beloved Taci∣tus.

Apollo then turned towards the Vertuosi, who out of a curiosity to hear that Judgement, were flockt in great numbers to the Hall; and said, O my beloved Litterati! admire, and ever imitate the honored constancy of this my glorious Vertuoso, and let the infinite love, and everlasting

veneration of that Prince be ingraven in your hearts, who keeps up your reputation; and forget not that his power precipitates more easily, who loseth his Princes good will, then houses doe whose foundations fail. Therefore you who follow the Court, learn to know, that Nihil rerum mortalium tam instabile ac fluxum est, quam fama potentiae, non sua vi nixae. Tacit. lib. 13. Annal. A most certain rule which teacheth every one to imitate Lipsius in loving, honoring, and in ever faithfully serving their Prince: For as it is great impiety in holy things, to have any other God save him who created man, the heavens and earth, so ought you ne∣ver to have any devotion for any Prince, not expect or desire any good from any other Lord, save from him who out of confidence in your loyalty, and out of the extraordinary affection which he bears you, owns you to all the world, not for his servants, but for his dear friends, and by the Supreme Authority which he suffers you to exercise in his State, makes you appear unto his Vassals no less Princes then himself: And be∣cause the wisdom of Princes out of their jealousies of those that rule, is usually accompanied with suspition, and Court-favorits being alwaies en∣vied, alwaies narrowly observed by their rivals, and alwaies persecuted by such as malign them. That you may overcome so many difficulties, and still preserve your selves in the favors which you have won, love your Princes with all your heart, observe them with all your soul, and serve them with all possible loyalty: And like my Lipsius, chuse rather to die, then to think, much less to do any thing which may indanger the least loss of their favours. And believe for certain, that then your ruine begins, when you suffer your selves to be perswaded that you may better your condition, by using simulation and falshood with your Princes, who both know, see, and understand more then is possible to be exprest: For those who think to live securely by dissembling with Princes, who though they should know nothing themselves, have so many who can put them in mind, and who want not a thousand Malignant spirits to wake them when they are asleep, are like those fools who think to confine Gypsies, and hope to cheat Mountebanks.

The LXXXVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Queen of Italy being much intreated by her chiefest Princes, and by Apoll's self to pardon the injuries done by those Italian Commanders who took up arms against her, in assistance of Forrein Nations, denies to do it.

DOubtlesly the Palace wherein the Queen of Italy keeps her resi∣dence, is even by the testimony of Vitruvio's self acknowledged to be the most magnificent, and richliest adorn'd Palace in all Parnassus. Here amongst other stupendious and delightful things, is the fore Court to a large Amphitheatre, at the upper end whereof stands the Statue of the Queen of Italy on horseback, all of pure gold, dedicated to the great Bellizarius, a Grecian; and that of Narses, a Grecian also, which was e∣rected at the lower end of the Court, for his perpetual glory, by the same Queen, but is now thrown to the ground, and is broken all in pieces, for that notorious injury which she received from him; so that whereas it was formerly the envie of great men, and served to put men in mind of so great a Commanders merit, it now serves to shew his shame, who out of the rage of privat disdain, did profane so great a merit, and observed that glory which deserved envie.

On the right hand of the fore-front of this so miraculous Court, are the faces of those famous Italian Commanders, drawn by Apelles, and other prime Painters, who having by their arms, and by their expence of bloud, delivered Italy from the slavery of Barbarians, are by their grate∣ful Country kept in ever honored memory. And on the left hand of the same Court, to the perpetual shame of ungratefull persons, those Italian Captains are hung upon Gallowses, by the heels, who forgetting the ob∣ligation due to a mans Country, which equals that of children to their parents, took up arms in assistance of babarous Nations, and forein Princes, to put fetters upon their Italy. Then to the infamy of so shame∣fully ungrateful people, the opprobries and reproaches are added, which Poets in all sort of Satyrical Verses, and Orators in daily invectives make against such misdemeriting men; to the end that men may learn by those severe resentments, to shun committing faults which I ring eternal infa∣my with them: and to the end that Military men, who are wont without weighing what Princes they serve, to run where they may have best and most ready pay, may learn to love their Country so well, as that they may think it greater charity to kill themselves, then to take up arms a∣gainst her. Menante, who before he can send this weeks Gasetta to his loving Customers, is bound to carry it to the Urban Pretor, cannot give you (as he ought to do) the names of those Italians in his Papers, who are painted in so ignominious a posture; but he tels you that the posteri∣ty of those Souldiers who suffer the punishment of so long shame, when they enter into that Court, blush to think that their Ancestors have so shamefully villified their house, and do therefore with much compunction

of soul, continually bewail their predecessors misdemerits. These Gen∣tlemen by themselves, and by the intercession of the greatest Princes of this State, have, and do still much importune the Queen of Italy that she will be pleased at last to pacifie her anger, and give way that those nobly descended Souldiers may be freed from that shameful opprobry; and A∣pollo himself, at the intreaty of the best Princes of Italy, did earnestly mediate the same, but all in vain: For she still continuing her indignation, answered Apollo, and the other who had intreated her, even with tears which for meer anger fell from her eyes; that she had patiently born with the ruines, plundrings, affronts, and other utter desolations which she had received from the Goths, Ostrogoths, Huns, Vandals, and other barbarous Nations, which had so miserably torn and wasted her, as being accidents which all Princes were subject unto, and more particularly she, who by the pleasantness of her situation, fruitfull soyl, and great riches which she had got in time of peace, did not only allure, but even call in forrein Nations to her ruine; who thirsted after her wealth, and were de∣sirous to change their barren Countries with the fruitful fields of Italy. But that her dearly beloved children, should take up arms against her their tender mother, which they ought to have imployed in her defence, were wounds which perpetually cry'd for revenge, so wicked an ingratitude as was incapable of pardon, so sad a wickedness as could not be out-done by any whatsoever cruel hatred. That therefore finding her self so deeply wounded in the concernment of her Liberty, their intreaties made her the more obstinate in her hatred, was the reason why his Majesties medi∣ation did the more irritate her revenge, and why their humility who beg'd her pardon, made her the more to glory and wax cruel in her re∣venge, and that the very length of time made that injury continually ap∣pear more fresh, which she neither could nor would pardon: Not only for that she knew she had never deserved so ill at her Italians hands, but for that she knew she had been wickedly betrayed, assacinated, and so op∣probriously made slave by those on whose neck she had trampled, only out of their execrable avarice, who ought least to have done it, and from whom she did least expect it: And that therefore every one might learn from the punishment of others, and from her well put on resolution, That whosoever doth offend his Country in so shameful a manner, did not only commit an excess which was impardonable, but did so shamefully stain his honor, as the blur thereof was not to be washt away with any sope.

The LXXXVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

The whole generation of Sheep, send their publike Ambassa∣dors to Apollo, by whom they make their desires known, that they may be allowed to have sharp teeth, and long horns, and their desire is laughed at by his Maje∣stie.

THe vvhole generation of Sheep have sent four Ambassadors to this Court; who had audience given them this day by his Maj. wherein a great Apuleian Weather said, That Sheep did very vvell knovv, that God the Creator of all things had been so charitable to all creatures, and so just, as that he recompenced their imperfections and defects vvith gifts equivolent. So as amongst so great a multitude of bruit beasts, there was not any one who could with reason say he was ill dealt withal by his Divine Majestie. Onely the sheep thought he had treated them like a father in law, and dealt partially with them; for having created them with great imperfections, he had not bestowed on them any equi∣volent vertue, whereby though they might not secure their state, they might at least live in that peace and quiet in the world as other beasts did. For though he had made Hares unspeakably timerous, had given them sharp teeth, but not a heart to bite, yet he had made them so swift of foot, as he did thereby secure them from being injured by any other beast, how fierce soever; and that the Fox had no reason to com∣plain of his want of footmanship, since God had given him so wisely a pate, as he happily escaped the deceits of other wild Animals; and that he had also recompenced the wolfs slowness, by indowing him with so bold a heart, so sharp teeth, and with so circumspect a genius, as be∣ing a terror to other bruit beasts, he made himself be respected even by man; and that it was likewise clearly seen in the birds of the ayr, that his Maj. had used the like charity; for he had given those larger wings, and made them swifter of flight, to whom he had denyed the use of feet, with which he had indowed Pheasants, Partridges and Quails, in recompence for their short wings, and want of feathers in their tails: that onely sheep, being created with an unspeakable stupidity of wit, heartless, slow of foot, and without those teeth to bite with, which makes other creatures be so much respected, they thought they were abandoned by that divine charity, which had shewed great love even to harmful beasts: And the Weather further added, That for the utmost and greatest calamity of so unarmed sheep, God had given them Lyons, Tygers, Bears and Wolves, the most implacable and fiercest beasts that inhabit the world for their enemies; so as sheep seemed to be created on∣ly to feed those inraged beasts, who know not what satiety means. The same Ambassador also said, That to these insufferable injuries which the sheep received from their enemies, the ill usage was added which they

received from their shepherds, which was onely occasioned by their be∣ing altogether unarmed; for had they teeth wherewith sometimes to bite those indiscrete shepherds, who are so uncharitable in milking them, and so indiscrete in sheering them, perhaps they would deal more piously with them, and their sheerers would learn to handle their sheers without cutting their skins. Wherefore the whole generation of sheep, that they might no longer undergo such calamities and oppressions, did earnestly beglong horns, and sharp teeth, wherewith to procure respect. To this request Apollo answered, with a chearful countenance, That the sheep had in this their request shewed their simplicity, since they knew not that of all the four footed beasts that were upon the earth, there were not any that were more favoured by God, nor which received greater pri∣viledges from him then they: For whereas the rest were forced to seek their meat with cark and care, and a thousand dangers, many of them spending the night season, which was destined for sleep and rest, in eat∣ing, for that it was not safe for them to be seen by day; pasture grounds were reserved and bought at dear rates onely for sheep, by men who had the command of all beasts, and were Lords of the earth, that in the night season they were with great care and diligence defended from their enemies in their folds; and whereas other beasts were persecuted even by beasts themselves, and by men; and that to procure their death, many did nothing but make nets, feed dogs, and lay snares; sheep out of a par∣ticular grace injoyed the noble prerogative to have all these things done by men, to secure them from their enemies: And that the Creator of the world having •…•…hewed exceeding great love towards sheep instead of ravenous teeth, and swift legs, had granted them the powerful weapons of wool, cheese, and of their riches wherewith they did so aquire mans love, as that men did perpetually persecute Wolves, Lyons, Tygers, and all their other cruel enemies, with all sort of weapons, meerly for the affection which they bore to sheep. And that sheep being reputed the Worlds delight and wealth, for the singular advantages which they afforded mankind, they hapned to be the most numerous of any sort of beasts; so as sheep being fed and defended by their Shepherds vigilancy and charity, they were foolish to desire ravenous teeth and sharp horns. And finally, Apollo said, That they ought to revenge themselves for the severity which some shepherds used towards them, in milking and sheer∣ing them, onely by their obedience and humility, by yielding them great store of wool, and much cheese, and by studying how to be fruitful; it being sheeps greatest felicity, that those Shepherds that dealt ill with their flocks, were cheifly cruel to themselves; for it was a certain truth, that wounds shamefully given to sheep, did usually kill the Shepherd. Wherefore he wished them to keep more from being desirous to bite their shepherds, then they would do from the Wolves teeth. For such sheep could not esteem themselves so happy, who by their humility and obedience did secure their Shepherds from all harm, as those were un∣happy, who delighted to put them in fear.

The LXXXIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

Nicholas Machiavel being banished Parnassus upon pain of death, was found hidden in a friends Library, for which his former sentence of being burnt was excuted.

THough Nicholas Machiavel was banished Parnassus and the Territo∣ries thereof many years ago, upon severe punishment; as well to whosoever durst give receptacle to so pernicious a man in his Library, yet was he found the last week secretly hidden in a friends study, where he was made Prisoner. He was presently sentenced by the Judges of Assize, and was this day to have been burnt, when he signified unto his Majestie his desire, that he might first be permitted to say somewhat in his defence before the Tribunal-seat which had condemned him. Apollo using his wonted clemency, bad him send his Advocates, and he should have fair hearing. Machiavel replyed, he desired to be heard himself; and that Florentines needed no advocates to speek for them, and his de∣mand was granted. Machiavel was then brought to the Bar; where he spoke thus in his own defence, Lo here, you Soveraign of Learning, That Nicholas Machiavel, who hath been condemned for a Seducer and Corrupter of mankind, and for a dispercer of scandalous politick Pre∣cepts: I intend not to defend my writings, I publikely accuse them, and condemn them as wicked and execrable documents for the government of a State. So as if that which I have printed be a doctrine invented by me, or be any new Precepts, I desire that the sentence given against me by the Judges, be put in execution. But if my writings contain no∣thing, but such Politick precepts, such rules of State, as I have taken out of the actions of Princes which (if your Majestie will give me leave) I am ready to name, whose lives are nothing but doing and saying of evil things; what reason is there that they who have invented the mad de∣sperate policies written by me should be held for holy, and that I who am onely the publisher of them should be esteemed a Knave and an Atheist? For I see not why an original should be held holy, and the Copy thereof beburnt as execrable; and why I should be so much perse∣cuted, when the reading of History (which is not onely permitted, but commended by all men) hath the particular vertue of turning as many as do read them with a politick eye, into so many Machiavels: for peo∣ple are not so simple as many believe them to be, but that those who by the greatness of their wits have been able to find out even the most hid∣den secrets of Nature, may not also have the judgement to discover the true ends of all Princes actions, though they be cunningly hidden. And if Princes, that they may do what they will with their subjects, will have them to be block-heads and dunces, they must do as the Turks and Muschovites do, inhibit Learning, which is that which makes blinde understandings quick sighted, otherwise they will never compass their

ends; for Hypocrisie, which is now so familiarly used in the world, hath onely a star-like vertue, to incline, not to force men to believe that which likes them best that use it. These speeches wrought much upon the Judges, and they were ready to revoke the sentence, when the Atorney General told them, That Machiavel was deservedly condemned for the abominable and execrable precepts which were contained in his wri∣tings; and that he ought again to be severely punished, for that he was found by night amongst a flock of sheep, whom he taught to put false teeth, dogs teeth in their mouthes, thereby indangering the utter ruine of all shepherds; a people so necessary, as it was an indescent and an∣gersom thing to think that they must by means of this wicked Machiavel be forced to put on breast-plates and gauntlets, when they would milk or sheer their sheep; and to what price would wool and cheese grow hereafter, if shepherds were to be more aware of their sheep, then of wolves; and if they could no longer keep their flocks in obedience with th•…•… whistle and their wand, but must make use of a Regiment of mur∣rions, and make no longer hurdles of cords to keep them in by night, but walls, bulwark, ditches and counterscarfs after the modern manner. The Judges thought these accusations to be too weighty; wherefore they ordered, That the sentence should be executed against this wicked man, and published a fundamental Law, that he should henceforth be held as a Rebel to mankind, who durst teach such scandalous things; all of them confessing, that it was not the wool, cheese nor lambs which made men prise sheep so much, but their great simplicity and meakness, and that it was impossible so great numbers of them should be govern∣ed by one onely shepherd, unless they were totally deprived of horns, teeth, and wit. And that to go about to make simple men wickedly malicious, and to make those moulds see, which out of a great deal of circumspection, wise nature had made blind, would be to put the whole world in combustion.

The XC. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo visits the Prisons, and in his visitation dispatches the causes of many Litterati accused of sundry faults, and imprisoned for debt.

BY ancient custom Apollo never intermeddles in civil affairs, but leaves them wholly to be proceeded in by the Judges; for (as it hath been said) he is so exactly diligent in chusing his Officers, as every one in this State may be sure to have justice rightly administred: but in criminal affairs, wherein the life and reputation of his Litterati are con∣cerned, he with great diligence and exemplary patience, will understand, know and see into every the least circumstance. So as his Majestie having reserved the whole power of Judicature therein unto himself, his other Judges have little to do in this Tribunal, but to give in information a∣gainst the guilty. Certainly a most excellent custom, and worthy to be known and imitated by those unwary Princes, who shamefully aban∣doning the protection of the accused party, which they ought to take so to heart, leave it to the discretion of one onely Judge, who is oft times corrupt, sometimes ignorant, and always passionate; a thing so detestable, as where good Laws are established, a hundred Judges are thought too little a number to judge the life of one man. Hence it is Apollo many ages ago did very wisely in Parnassus institute the custom of visiting Ptisons, where all criminal causes of the Prisoners are decided by his Majestie, and the civil of such as are in for debt. On Tuesday last then, his Majestie attended by all the criminal and civil benches, went to the Pegasean prisons▪ where the prisoners appeared.

The first was Felino Sandeo, very famous in the Canonical Laws. Angelo de Malefiis, who was to open the cause, said, That that Lawyer was two years ago made Deputy of that Island by the Prince of Andro, where he shamefully suffered some chief men of his Government to ty∣ranize over, and to afflict the poor, the widows and orphans, and that he suffered these insolent people, to pay Artificers by bastonadoing them. This information being given in; Apollo turned to Felino, and asked him, How it was possible such a one as he could commit the ex∣cess which he stood accused of? Felino answered, That he had suffici∣ently witnessed his knowledge in the Laws, and his resolution to punish tyrants, in his other Governments which he had had of Focide, Pindus, Libetres and Mittilene; but that in Andro he had omitted doing his duty, not out of ignorance, but out of meer wisdom; and that the Prince of Andro's ill nature had been the onely cause of this his errour; for having found that many personages of singular worth, and gifts of mind, who had been Governors of the Isle of Andro before him, had endangered themselves onely for having administred justice exactly, and done their duty compleatly well; and this onely through the malicious persecutions of those who were not suffered to tyranize, he had of pur∣pose

neglected his duty, and what he knew he ought chiefly to have done: and that the Prince of Andro was not onely faulty in easily believing all sort of wickedness in his State-Ministers, upon the very first impression, but very desirous to hear accusations which malicious men do often make against able and honest Officers, and appeared a friend to the im∣peachers: Wherefore for such like proceedings, he had not onely not feared to treat his Prince so ill; but was glad to pay him with such 〈◊〉〈◊〉 as he had deserved. Apollo mightily admiring Felino's defence, did not onely gratiously imbrace him as innocent; but commended his error, as one who wisely knew how to commodate his actions to his Princes genius, and iudged him innocent of the fault which he had confessed; and afterward said publikely, That Princes who were not eagerly •…•…∣vent in protecting their Officers, and who were friends to such informa∣tions as was made against them by the scum of people, deserved not to be served by men of honor. Then because he turned his eyes upon 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Baldo dalla Rovere, Duke of Urbine, he remembred all men of the good Government of his son Francisco Maria, and of the custom which he holds in his State, where he punisheth those Officers severely, who in the administration of justice hold not the ballance upright, as also those who persecute them without reason.

Next Cornelius Tacitus, who had been imprisoned some weeks before, upon the accusations of the most famous Philosophers of the State, was brought before Apollo, and accused for having spoke a miss of Poverty, since in his Annals he had not stuck to call her summum malorum. Tacit. lib. 4. An. and Diogenes the Cinick, who pleaded against him; told Apollo, That it being apparent that men who were wealthy, hated to take pains, and sit up late to acquire learning, he would have all men to know, that poverty was the true foundation of all Science, which if it should be hated, would prove the greatest calami•…•…y which could be∣fal the Liberal Arts. After Diogenes, the Attorney Bossio, demanded, That Tacitus his fault being evidently true, his sentence might be pro∣nounced. And Apollo decreed, That Tacitus should first abjure the words which he had said, and that he should be imprisoned for the space of four years in Saxum Seriphum. Then Tacitus with his wonted vivacity of wit, and his usual liberty of language, said, Sir, I know not why I should be commanded to praise poverty, when these Judges who are to con∣demn me, think her to be so shameful a thing, as they have not doubt∣ed to place her amongst the true tokens of torture which they would not have done if a wealthy mind might have been found in a poor man. This defence wrought such confusion in the minds of all the Visitors, as Apollo, lest the world might take notice of the shame that was put upon the Doctors, Judges and Tribunals, by an accused person, thought it a lesser evil to let him have his Liberty.

Next to Tacitus, Nicholas Perenotta da Granuela was brought into the Visitation; and it was informed, That he was imprisoned for publish∣ing a volume De bono Libertatis. Of the which (as it appeared in his process) he was so capital an enemy, as that he was the chiefest cause why the Emperor Charls the fifth, did inslave many famous Common∣wealths of Europe. Apollo having heard the relation, decreed, That Parenotto should be banished Pernassus for ever, as he who had impudent∣ly gain-said the Delfick Edict, wherein the Litterati are strictly forbid∣den

to write of such things whereof they do not make publike profession. For that the vertues of Sobriety, Chastity, and other honorable moral Sciences were made ridiculous, when celebrated by men given to lust, and glu•…•…ony, and to other vices. As if such vertues had not power I enough to drive vice from out the souls of men, and in lieu thereof to, introduce good and honest life; and as if it were 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which wicked men whisper continually up and down the streets, that the Liberal Sciences are onely learnt to be made merchandise of, and to make men understand them, but neither believe nor practise them.

Perenotto's cause being over, an unfortunate Doctor of Law, was brought loaded with irons, before Apollo, who was imprisoned, for that not being onely a very excellent Advocate, but very skilful in all other choice Sciences; either blinded by folly, or contaminated by lewd∣ness of mind, he from being a gainful Advocate in his Countrey, and a well reputed Litterato, was become a shameful and wretched Souldier; changing by so unhappy a Metamorphosis his pen into a sword, his book into harquebuses, the defending of men with his mouth, to kil∣ling them with daggers, and the reading of good discipline in a famous University, into the desperate exercise of assaulting strong holds. Apollo being very much offended with so undeserving a man, in much anger said unto him, Ah thou Traytor and Rebel to Learning, knowest thou not that the woful exercise of war is onely fit for such ignorant people, who like so much unuseful flesh, are onely good for the •…•…bles of war; and altogether unworthy to be followed by those to whom their deserving parents have left the rich and honourable patrimony of the Liberal Sciences; which some Princes have prohibited in their States, for no other reason, but that they open the eyes of the blind, and enlighten the souls of foolish people, making them know the cunning and im∣posturism which the Princes of the world have used to make an occupa∣tion seem profitable and honourable, which is so much to be abhorr'd. And this being said, his Majestie gave sentence, That that Doctor should for ever be inhibited admittance into any Library, that he should be for∣bidden the contentments of writing and reading; and that for the ex∣ample of others, he should be declared to be ignorant. The unifortu∣nate Doctor hearing so sad a sentence, pleaded loud for mercy; and said, That his error not having proceeded out of malice, but out of meer ig∣norance, he was a subject fit for his Majesties pitty; and that it was not the desire of riches, nor the thirsting after mans blood, which had made him gird the sword about him, and betake him to the mysterie of war, but onely that he might purchase glory thereby. Apollo was then more incensed; and replyed unto the Doctor thus, And what glory (thou wicked one) couldst thou hope for, by the unhappy practice of killing men, of plundering Countreys, burning Cities, deflowering Virgins and in murthering them that thou mayest make them consent to so barbarous dishonesty? knows thou not that my Litterati are those that with their pen eternize the names of military men? knowest thou not that all glo∣•…•…y won by the sword, uniess when taken up for Religion, or for the de∣fence of a mans Countrey is false Alchimy and merchandize, fit onely for hair-brained fools? When the honour which my Vertuosi win by their learning, and by handling their pen, is always the purest refined gold which will bear the Test.

The Doctors cause having received this end, Giovan Giorgio Tressino that famous Vicentian Poet, came before Apollo, and throwing himself down before his feet; said, Sir, Your Majestie knows that unfortunate I, to amend the many Inconveniences, which are in the Italian Tongue even to this day, was the first who when I published my Poem of Italia Liberaia endeavoured to bring the Omicron, Eupselon, Omega, and other Greek Letters, which I thought very requisite for that language, into my own Tongue; so to shun the frequent equivocations which are evidently seen therein, for want of such letters; in which enterprize having been at great charges, I contracted those debts for which I am now imprisoned; for men who by natural instinct, Veteribus, etiam quae •…•…sus evidenter arguit stare malunt did not approve of this my new In∣vention. And unless your Majestie put in betwixt my misery, and my Creditors rage, I, who have taken such pains for the service of Learn∣ing, am like to end my days in the stench of this loathsom Prison. Apollo was very sensible of Tressino's misery; and asked him, Whether he was in case to pay his Creditors any moneys by the moneth? To which Tressino answered, He could not assign over unto them more then five Crowns a moneth. Which Apollo, turning towards the Creditors, de∣sired them to be contented with. But they, who would have the whole sum, answered discourteously. And Apollo asking them, Whether or no they were so inhumane as to be paid by the price of blood? The Mer∣chants with their wonted incivility answered, That he must either re∣solve to pay the whole debt, or that parting with his personal estate, he should according to the Laws made against Bankrupts, wear a green hat, and they vvould be satisfied. Apollo was so very angry at this their in∣humanity, as rising up upon his feet, and turning towards Tressino's Creditors; Will you then (said he) be paid by this Vertuoso's shame, and loss of honor? What Law is that which you alledge, which will have men forgo their reputation, without which they are not worthy to live? and if even amongst the most barbarous Nations which inhabit the earth, there be no Law found that a man shoul lose his life for debt, how can there be a Law in my State, where all exquisiteness of Law is professed, which bereaves a man of his honor, which is much more dear to man then life? What crueller wilde beast can there be, what more venemous Asp or Viper, then he who regards not his reputation? good Lavvs, and such as ought to be obeyed, do never disrobe a man of his honor, but love that those who vvant it, should by all means possible en∣deavor the purchase thereof, that they should covet it more then any earthly Treasure, and set a greater valuation upon it. The Creditors mightily affrighted at these words, ran from the Visitation.

Whereupon Cressino somewhat encouraged, told Apollo, That if his Majestie would endow him vvith a povver of making Knights, he vvas sure his Creditors vvould take the honor of Knighthood from him in full payment of his debts. Apollo at the hearing of this foolish request, broke forth into loud laughter; and told Tressino, He vvas sorry to see him still pursue ridiculous novelties. Tressino replied, That his request was no nevv invention, but a thing much used; and that the famous Roman Republique, and after them many great Lords, vvho might very vvell have paid their Creditors vvith ready money, paid the obli∣gations of blood, and debts due for long and costly service with Lavvrel,

and the Order of Knighthood. Then Apollo smiled again, and told Tris∣sino, that he built Castles in the arte; for he must be another manner of man then he, that would sell meer smoak for good Merchandize.

Tressino being dispatcht, Process was read against a base humerous Doctor of the Law, whose name the higher Powers will have concealed; where it was said, That in Governments which he had had, he would of∣ten in publick audiences, with great pride and surquedry, behave himself insolently, even with noble and honorably conditioned personages, saying that he would send them to the Gallies, would have their heads taken off, and make them be hanged before the Palace Gate. The Doctor said in excuse of this his error, that he did this to make himself terrible to the people, and to make himself be obeyed. Apollo, after he had put him in mind that good Officers, and men of honor, made themselves dreadful to the people by an equally rigorous, and uncorrupt Justice, and not by in∣solent threats, gave order that that Doctor, whose genius appeared fitter to command slaves, then men of honor, should be sent to be Auditor of the Gallies.

Immediately after, Nicholas Franco Beneventano's cause was heard, who shooting at a great Wolf with a gun charged with small hail-shot, the Wolf being lightly hurt, flew upon him according to his custom, and with his teeth tore his left thigh: Those that were present at the Visitati∣on, wondred very much why he should be questioned, who deserved ra∣ther to be comforted for the danger he had run, and cured of the wounds he had received. But Apollo, who was not well pleased that one of his Litterati should have committed so great a piece of folly, since he had alwaies told his Vertuosi that they must take off their hats to cruel and dangerous beasts, and suffer them to pass by quietly, or else shoot at them with a musket loaded with ram'd bullets, and so lay him flat on his back, condemned the Litterato to the usual punishment of imprudency, that none should excuse his error; none should pitty him, and that all men should laugh at him.

This cause was no sooner ended, but Cratippus, the Athenian Philo∣sopher appeared at the visitation, and the Information against him was, That the Duke of Ephesus had given to him his only son to be brought up by him; to whom when he came to mature years, he relinquisht the Government of his State, wherein the young Prince proved as unapt, as he proved famous for Philosophy: for he was timerous in the handling of arms, and incapable of State-affairs; and the singular goodness and honesty which he had learnt of Cratippus, which would have been great∣ly admired in a privat man, was in him interpreted want of wit: That therefore the Philosopher not having instructed that young Prince in such things as were to be known by one who was to govern so numerous a people, the Duke of Ephesus re-demanded the sallary he had given him. Apollo was mightily displeased with Cratippus his imprisonment; and turning to the Duke who was there present, told him, that he should not blame Cratippus for his sons unap•…•…ss to Government, but his own bad choice; for that Vertuoso having taught his P•…•…pel the Science which he did publickly profess, had fully discharged his duty: And that such a one as he, ought to know that Arsenals, Armories, and State-Councels, were Schools for Princes children; and that the Scholarship which they ought to learn, was the Philosophy, the Poetry which was several times every

week read in the wise Senat of Venice, that Captains, Counsellers, and Secretaries of State, were the best instructers of Princes children; and the memory of their Ancesters, the glorious actions of such Princes, as both in peace and war had done things worthy to be admired and imita∣ted, the rods wherewith they ought to be whipt.

Constantius Albicini was next brought before Apollo, whom his Maje∣sty did mightily abominate, as one who was publickly known to be a prime finder out of vexatious inventions. His process said, That he being re∣quested by an avaritious Prince, to invent some new way for him, how to raise money from his Subjects without offending or angring them, advised him to give out, that he was likely to be unexpectedly assaulted by his e∣nemies, who would possess themselves of his State; that therefore it was necessary to fortifie the Metropolitan City; to effect the which so re∣quisite work, he must proclaim a new Tax, which would be easily grant∣ed by them who apprehended the danger of their lives, goods, and ho∣nors; that then he should in all haste begin the works which he must con∣tinue for one year, that the second year he should proceed therein more slowly, and that the third year he should give it quite over; for that the people being accustomed for those two years space to pay such an Impo∣sition, would willingly continue the payment of it. And because the chief Magistrate of the City had a rich revennue worth forty thousand crowns a year, which this covetous Prince did much thirst after, he told him, that to make himself Master thereof, and to invite the Citizens to make a free gift thereof unto him, he was only to provide two friends, the one of which should stand up in a publick Councel, and should advise, that it were good and fit to reward the Prince for his excellent Govern∣ment, with freely parting with two years revennue unto him; and that the other friend, whilst the Proposition was discussing, should say openly, That to give their suffrages in secret, was an action misbecoming a faith∣ful people towards their Prince, where the ungrateful and disloyal had opportunity to obscure the fidelity of Loyal Subjects. That therefore men should speak their mind alowd, and the Votes be so decided; for the rabble-rout, allured by the shortness of the time, would grant that for a few years, which they should never regain. It was aver'd in the same process, that this same Constanso had confest that he had told the same Prince, that an exeellent way to get money of his Subjects, was to inhi∣bit somewhat which was greatly desired, and much used in his State, as the extravagancy in aparrel, costly Jewels, and too exorbitant portions; that if any one should afterward desire a dispensation therein, it might be granted him; but upon a good acknowledgment, and upon paying well for the Seals.

Apollo having heard this wicked mans so great iniquity, and wondring that so much rascallity could be found in any one man, brake forth into these words; Puniendos rerum atrocium Ministros. Tacit. lib. 13. Ann. and then gave sentence, that this Divel incarnate should be thrown into the Boat where Melossus, Melampus, Lisisca, and other Poets Dogs were kept, by which he was presently torne in pieces and devoured.

This being over, the Commendador Hanibal Caro, was brought to the visitation, and his Majesty was told, that the quarrels between the Com∣mendador and Castelvetro, were wel known unto him; which could no otherwise be accommodated, then by taking security that they should

not offend one another. After which Castelvetro passing one morning often before the Commendadors house; the Poet did so call to mind the injury he had received by that rigorous sentence, as by a railing Sonnet, which was a thing prohibited, he wounded Castelvetro's honor. Apollo, contrary to all mens beleef, commanded that the Commendador should be presently set at liberty; and said that Castelvetro deserved to be se∣verely punisht for his being so foolishly adventurous: For knowing that he had so hainously offended a revengful man, he did foolishly to trust his life upon money-security; and so much the rather for that Castelvetro knew that the Marchigiani, who were otherwise very gallant men, but ve∣ry bloudy, have less patience then discretion.

Caro's cause being ended, Aristides, that great Athenian Senator was brought to the Visitation, who was imprisoned for having given out great quantity of Corn to the people of Athens in a very hard year. Aristi∣des imprisonment appeared altogether unjust to most of the Visitors; but Apollo, who was of a contrary opinion, told them in severe words, that in free Countries, where people are more jealous of the publick Liberty, then in any other sort of Principality, in exercising charity, men should observe that pious Precept, of not letting the right hand know what the left hand did: For in all Commonwealths, too vain-glorious alms, and done out of too much ostentation, were very dangerous; that therefore he should hereafter forbear to use such charity towards the poor, which smelt more of ambition, then of any true zeal or piety; and which might make men suspect that they were rather done out of a desire of purcha∣sing Principalities on earth, then to gain the Kingdom of Heaven.

Pietro Pomponatio, a Mantuan, appeared next all besmeared with sweat, and very ill acoutred, who was found composing a Book, wherein by foolish and sophistical arguments he endeavored to prove, that the soul of man was mortal. Apollo, not able to look upon so wicked a wretch, com∣manded that his Library should be presently burnt, and that he himself should be consumed in the same flames; for that fool deserved not the advantage of books, who laboured thereby only to prove that men were beasts. Pomponatio cryed out then with a loud voice, protesting that he believed the mortality of the soul only as a Philosopher. Then said A∣pollo to the Executioners, Let him be burnt only as a Philosopher.

A Prisoner was afterwards heard, who said that he being of Coos, had entred bond for one, who was not sent thither as Governor by his Prince, and who having committed many Larcenaries, fled from thence by night, wherefore he was forced to pay the whole summe which was laid to the charge of that thief-Officer. Apollo wondring at this mans imprisonment, turned to the Prince of Coos, who was there President, and told him, that the sure way to have an Officer rule well, lay not in his security to stand a Trial, but was only grounded upon the Princes good choice: That there∣fore the prisoner who had entred security upon firm belief that his Lord and Master would never have imployed such lewd men in places of such importance, should by all means be set at liberty; and that the punishment belonging of right to him that had done the fault, the Prince should pay his forfeiture, who had been so abusive in his charge, of whom he might at his leasure repair himself. To which the Prince answered, that his Of∣ficer was a stranger, another Princes subject; and therefore he could have no right against him. Apollo reply'd, That he having been so very a

fool, as to make use of a forreiner, whilst he might be served by his own subjects, he had no reason to complain of his loss: For that Shepherd who was so foolish, as to lead other folks sheep to feed, ought to blame none but himself, if when he brought them back at night to their folds, he could neither shear nor milk them.

This was the end of that imprisoned security, which the Prince of Coos liked not, though all the Visitors were well pleased with it. Tito Strozzi, the famous Ferara Poet was the next that appeared, imprisoned upon the Suit of Francisco Filelpho, who having given him some mo∣neys to deliver to Cintio Geraldi, a Creditor of his; Strozzo, as soon as he had it; lost it at play; which Filelpho complained of in the Visitati∣on. Apollo, who knew that Strozzi wanted a leg, merrily asked Filel∣pho, whether if a man should have bought a blind horse in his Market of Tolentino, the buyer might redemand his money which was ill laid out? To which Filelpho answered, That whosoever bought a beast that was palpably defective, could blame nothing but his own folly. If it be so, saies Apollo, you have judged aright Filelpho in your own cause. Filel∣pho understood then whither his Majesties question tended, and being much afflicted, answered, that he was not ignorant of the common Pro∣verb, That one must be carefull how he deals with those that Nature hath markt; but that he did not hold it to be alwaies true: Know Filelpho, said Apollo, that Proverbs are nothing else but experimented Sentences, approved sayings; and I tell you, that Mother Nature in procuring men, may be fitly said to imitate a conscientious Potter, who when he takes his Vessel out of the Furnace, if he find any that have holes in them, that be not sufficiently baked, or that have any other imperfection, to the end that unwary people may not take them for good, he breaks off one of their ears, or gives them some other mark of being amiss. And because all men cannot be born equally honest, as nor can all the Potters pots come equally perfect out of the Furnace; as let a Garden be never so well look∣ed unto, and weeded, it is impossible but some nettles, or other weeds will spring up; Dame Nature, who greatly hates cheaters, and crosbiters, to the end that honest men be not deceived by hollow brains, crafty pates, and half-baked wits, as soon as she sees any such born, she puts out one of their eys, breaks an arm or leg, by which evident signs, tying a bel about the horses neck that is given to kicking, and fastning a board to the oxes horns which use to thrust therewith, she admonisheth all men to be aware of such.

Giovan Battista Amalteo's Cause was discust immediately after, who was imprisoned for having called Nero's liberality which he used to Corne∣lius Tacitus, when he rewarded him for the praises he had given him, with 25 Mules loaded with Gold, foolish prodigality, that Ipsi non aderat infrae servos ingenium. Tacit. lib. 13. Ann. The fault committed by Amalteo, appeared to Apollo, and to all the Visitors to be so hainous; and the rather, for that all the Schools in Parnassus hold it for an undeniable maxim, That whatsoever excessive gift given by a magnanimous Prince to a Vertuoso, in reward for any favour received from him, should not be termed prodi∣gality: For a Prince that thirsts after true glory, of which, Unum insati∣abiliter parandum, prosperam sui memoriam. Tacit. lib. 4. Ann. The merit of one pen ful of that pure ink, which smoothly laid on paper, makes mens names glorious and immortal, cannot be sufficiently rewarded by mou•…•… of Diamonds and Rubies. Apollo was therefore so highly in∣censt

against Amalteo for this so great fault, as he adjudged him to live two years amongst the ignorant.

Presently after appeared a Litterato in the Visitation, who did not only believe that damn'd and execrable opinion, That the man was happier who had his purse full of gold, then he who had his head full of knowledg; but did by all the industry he had, endeavor to insinuate it into other men. Apollo being much moved at the hainousness of this fault, sentenced the guilty person to be sew'd up in a sack, and to be thrown with his head down∣ward into the deepest part of Aganippa's well. It must not here be o∣mitted, that this rascal was so obstinate in his erronious opinion, as that he would not only not gain-say himself at the hour of death; but still affirm∣ed more obstinately then ever, that he died in the true opinion, that study was but Merchandize, and that Scholarship was only learnt out of a design to get money; and that therefore it appeared that Philosophy and Theo∣logy, were without all doubt the noblest; but Physick and Law, were the most esteemed, and most imbraced Sciences.

Baiardo, one of the Judges of Assize of this Court, read afterwards the process made against Manfredo, King of Naples, wherein it was proved, that by night he had stoln Lisbia from Catullus, that so dearly loved her, whom he sent home stript, and rob'd of all her Jewels, after he had enjoy'd her many weeks: Which injury Catullus did so lowdly com∣plain of in the Visitation, as it grew near the point of insolency; for high∣ly incenst with anger, without respect either to the place, or persons be∣fore whom he spake, he called Manfredo a base bastard. Apollo, to shew his Judges that it was not possible to teach a too highly exasperated mind to keep within bounds, though he seemed to be much offended at the lit∣tle respect Catullus had born him, gave him but a gentle reprehension; and then commanded that Manfredo, Gratis ubique; should be set at liber∣ty, and said that bastards were most commonly vitious, and given to ri∣baldry, only to increase the glory and prerogative of holy marriage; and that wise Nature, to teach male. Asses to have only to do with she Asses, and Mares to couple only with Stallions of their own kind, had so order∣ed it, that from the coupling of he Asses and Mares, nothing should come but Mules, beasts so damnably given to kicking, only to the end that men, to shun the getting of spurious issue, might be the more ambitious to be∣get legitimate children, who might in coming from the mothers womb, bring down Gods blessing with them. And that therefore bastard-chil∣dren not being bound to live vertuously, it was of courtesie when they lived well. Catullus not being herewith satisfied, but growing still more mad, Apollo, with some appearance of anger, bad him hold his peace; for he who kept a piece of stinking flesh in his house, ought not complain if it were troubled with flies.

Catullus being thus dismist, the same Baiardo read a Process made against Scipio Ammirato, a Polititian, who was convinced of having com∣mitted many hainous offences; as for having taught a Prince who pu∣nisht his people with new and vexatious Taxes, to honest them by the names of Donatives, Subsedies, and Aids, to the end that they might cause no innovation in his State; and who stuck not to term a most hate∣ful Imposition, the mountain of Piety. Moreover for that he had taught an eminent Citizen of Phosides, who desired to be attended by roaring Boys and Hectors, being backt by whom he might tyrannize, and

make himself be dreaded by all men; that he should keep in his house an open Apertiment with Dice, Cards, Tables, and have a Bawdi house the next dore to him, for that these were the true Dequois, or call-Ducks, which ticed in the scum of the City, and the lewdest sort of people: and that he should advise the Prince of Epire, who was a bitter enemy to the Laconians, and who sorely persecuted some Senators that were of a mili∣tary genius, and being gallant men, cared not to be assumed to the Princi∣pality of Laconia, lest the publick practice of persecution, might draw the hatred of the Senat upon them, which was exasperated to see the vertue and merit of the most eminent Senators in such sort persecuted, that I say, he should advise that Prince to colour over so great and apparent lewdness, with pretence that those Senators had deep designs. Apollo marvailed much at this Polititians so great perfidiousness, and after having freely de∣clared, that now much to his dislike, he had found that Polititians were Gypsies, Cheats, Coney-catchers, and Pick-pockets, he gave order that this Monster of Nature should be thrown headlong down from the Tarpeian Rock.

This was Ammirato's end, when the same Baiard•…•… gave in process a∣gainst the Judge of Guido, who was not only convinced by the testimo∣ny of divers witnesses, but by his own confession, that he had openly made sale of Justice, to him that would give most for it. Apollo highly of∣fended at the immensity of such a fault, gave sentence that the guilty par∣ty should undergo the usual punishment for sale of Justice: which was, That he should be flead alive. The Serjeants did already drag the wretch to the place of execution, when he fetching a deep sigh, cryed out, O un∣fortunate man that I am, O my monies, by which I might have lived in all sorts of delitiousness, how through my want of wit, are you now be∣come the cause of my shameful and dreadful death. These words which were heard by all the Visitors, wrought very much with his Majesty; who sending to have the Judge brought back, asked him what it was he com∣plained of? and what relation his fault in the administration of Justice, which is granted to men of worth and merit, had to the money which he said he had spent so ill? Sir, said the Judge, The Office whereby I have deserved so ill at your Majesties hands, was not granted by the Prince of Guido to my Learning, nor to my deserts, but to 70000 unlucky crowns, which I gave two years ago for the place: So as I may very well com∣plain of having purchast so great misery by my ready-money. Apollo having heard this, gave order immediately that the prisoner should be set at liberty; and said that he judged and declared him to be innocent: That therefore he should presently return to his Charge, and to the eternal in∣famy of the Prince of Guido, continue the ignominious Merchandize of selling Justice; for it was impossible to keep a man from selling that which he had bought.

The last that appeared in the Visitation, was the famous Bartolomeo d'Alviano, whom the Attorney-General accused, for that in a dispute which arose betwixt him and Iulius Cesar Scaliger, he had called him a scurvy Scholar. Apollo much resented this excess in Alviano, and said unto him, If my Litterati, adorn'd with so many vertues, full of Science, who have perfect knowledge of the course of the heavens, of the vertue of hearbs, who understand the propriety of plants, the worth of Mine∣rals, and all the Miracles of Nature, are not truely Noble, who are they

that deserve to be termed Noble? Perhaps those that are ignorant? Perhaps those vitious people, who being sunk even to the chin in idleness, sports, gluttony, and lust, have nothing praise-worthy in them; but the vertues and long series of their predecessors glory? And if gold, for the vertue it hath of not being consumed by fire, eaten by rust, corroded by Aquafortis, and for other rare qualities, was deservedly reputed the King of Mettals; if the Diamond and Ruby, for their incredible hardness, were the Princes of all Jewels; Why should not my Litterati, who know and understand so much more then all other men, deserve to be rather termed Demy Gods than Kings? and said that there was a great diffe∣rence between innobling the body by rich vestments, and cloathing the soul with pretious Sciences. Then Apollo turned toward Alviano, and said unto him, My alwaies famous Sabellico, Bembo, Giovio, Guicchardine, who have so by their pens illustrated thee, and the labours of my Vertu∣osi, which have rendred thee immortal: When did they ever deserve to be by thee rewarded by so inormous an injury, by such ingratitude? This so exasperated discourse of Apollo was the more efficacious with the Vi∣sitors, in that it was accompanied by the noise of all the Litterati that stood by, who incredibly incenst against Alviano, cry'd out for Justice: After this, the Court, by order from Apollo, voted for sentence, and pro∣pounded all sorts of severe punishments for the prisoners penalty.

This was Alviano's case, when the State of Venice hearing of this so important accident, and being very tender of Alviano's honor, came in all haste to the Visitation, and prostrating her self before his Majesties feet, with a generous submission, said, That she would never rise from be∣fore them, till she had obtained full and free pardon from his Majestie, for that her couragious Captain: And that though she might plead a new Edict of his Majesties, wherein it was declared, That those who should have taken up arms against barbarous Nations in defiance of Free Coun∣tries, should never lose his Majesties favour for any fault they should com∣mit, though capital; yet she beg'd her dear Alviano's pardon, who had lost so much bloud for her, suffered so many hardships, and run so many dangers, from his Majesties meer grace, which all the world knew be∣longed to him of justice. When the Litterati had heard th•…•…se affectio∣nate intreaties, and had called to mind what gracious acceptions that no∣ble Queen had alwaies given in her Court to all the Vertuosi that repair∣ed thither, their conceived anger was so appeased, as they cryed out aloud, Orace, Grace. Whereupon Apollo raising up that Noble Queen from the ground with his hand, placed her first amongst the Illustrious Muses; and then told her, that he could not deny any thing that she demanded, he willingly forgave Alviano for point of punishment; but he would have him give fitting satisfaction to Learning, and to his vertuosi whom he had so offended. The Alviano, before almost half dead for fear (so much doth the fear of shame more terrifie a man of honor, then certain danger of death) took courage, and said, That being so low of stature as they all saw he was, he ought to be born withall, if his cholar was soon stirred, which was that which had caused him to do amiss; but that con∣fessing his error, he declared to all the world, that he who was of choice Learning, and good demeanor was as Noble as any one born of the house of Austria, or of the bloud-Royal of France, although his Father were a Hangman.

The XCI. ADVERTISEMENT.

A Great Prince in discharge of a Vow that he had made, car∣ries a rich Vessel to the Temple; which the Priest recei∣ving with shew of great sadness; The Prince desires the reason thereof, and receives satisfaction.

NOt many daies since, a Prince of great quality, carried a very rich Ves∣sel of God to the Temple, in acknowledgment of a singular favour which he had received from God. And because the Priest at the recei∣ving of it, appeared to be much afflicted, even to the shedding of tears, the Prince had the curiosity to know the occasion of his sadness, and de∣sired the Priest that he would tell it him. To the which, that man who feared God, in down-right weeping said, That he could not chuse but weep when he saw any gifts brought to the Temple, for that it put him in mind of the ancient piety of men in former times, who endeavoured to inrich the Temples with what they had of most pretious, and thought those Vessels of Gold and pretious Stones very necessary for Divine Worship, which men now adaies, unmindful of the true Religion, and more in love with their own accommodation, then with the honor of God, ap∣propriate to themselvs even in things of basest imployments: And that the present condition of the true Religion was in some States infinitely de∣plorable; for whereas formerly the wealth of sacred things served to aug∣ment true piety, and to add to the greatness and Majestie of Religion, they were now become T•…•…umpets which summoned Thieves to come from wicked caves, and rob the sacred Patrimony of God and of his Saints. And that they were the more wicked thefts, in that their authors were not ashamed to gild them over with the spacious name of Reformed Religi∣on. Nay the ignorance of some people is grown to such a height, as they suffer themselves to be perswaded, that to deform the ancient Religion, so constantly believed by their Fathers, Grandfathers, and great Grand∣fathers, by gormandizing, thefts, and by all sort of libidinousness, is the next way to reform it: As if to plunder a man, to rob and kill him, would be believed by any man that is in his right wits, to be the next way to clothe him, to honor him, and to raise him from death to life.

The XCII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo forbids the Shepherds of Arcadia to fatten Hogs a∣ny more; and being earnestly intreated to revoke that his Decree, denies to do it.

BY Letters of the 18 of this present sent from Arcadia, certain news is come of the Commandment given by Order from his Majesty, to Titerus, Co•…•…idon, Mi•…•…as, Melibeus, and the rest of the Shepherds of that Country, that upon pain of severe punishment, they must no longer dare to fatten Hogs. The people of those parts were generally so trou∣bled at this news, as this morning, Montanus and Damon, two of the chiefest Shepherds of that Province came to Apollo in name of all the Arcadian Shepherds; who humbly desired his Majesty not to deprive them of their choicest cates, and of their hogs-flesh, wherewith they did so plentifully feed their Families. To this Apollo answered, that he loved Husbandmen and Shepherds better then Nobility, because men that bring in profit and advantage, deserve to be better beloved by Princes, then such as are rather prejudicial then of any use; but that having publisht his E∣dict for many respects, and by mature delibration, he would by no means recall it; for that Pagan avarice had learnt an execrable politick precept, from the usefull custom of Husbandmen, of fatning Hogs in the Autumn, that they might kill them at Winter.

The XCIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

It being observed that Pero Trasea, in company of his son in Law Elvidius Priseo, frequented the houses of the chief∣est Poet esses of Parnassus; He is severely reprehended for it by Apollo▪

IT hath been observed by such Vertuosi who delight to pry into other mens actions, that Pero Trasea, accompanied by his son in Law, Elvi∣dius Priseo, did very much frequent the houses of the Lady Victoria Colon∣na, the Lady Veronica Gambera, and other chief Lady-Poets of this Court: And although the extraordinary good opinion which is generally held of Trasea's honesty, makes it very hard to believed that so grave a Senator can commit a foul fact; yet the great frequency of his visits, and the length of them, hath occasioned such scandal even amongst the best men, as the unseemliness thereof hath come to Apollo's knowledg: Who to

quench the flames of murmur, sent for Tresea two daies ago to come to him, and charged him to acquaint him with the business which he had with those Ladies? Trasea answered, That he went to those Ladies on∣ly to exercise his charity in reading every day a Chapter in Boetius Seve∣rinus, De Consolatione Philosophiae. Apollo seemed to be much offend∣ed with this answer; wherefore he said, Trasea, if you will merit favour from God, and love from men, by using your endeavors to consolate the afflicted, go comfort those miserable wretches who lie perishing in Hospi∣tals, and those unfortunate people that are led to the Gallows: for to spend whole daies like Sardenapalus, amongst women, and hope to make men believe that you exercise there only your spiritual parts, is a piece of hypocrisie able to move laughter in fools, and to make those burst for an∣ger, who know that men who go often to the Mill are easily bemealed; and a man of your parts ought to know, that when a woman conceives twins, if they be both male children, they are wrapt within one Filme; and so likewise if they be both females: but if the one be male, and the other female, wise Nature parts the female from the male, in a particular Filme. So as Nature by not confiding in the cohabitation of a brother with a sister, in so tender age, teacheth all men, that people cannot be se∣cure even of such as you are: and he who relies upon his own strength, Trasea, in such like occasions, is more rash then wise. And because these disorders ought to be corrected, both for your reputation and mine; I straitly command you, That for the future you forbear such dangerous doings; for the world is not so great a blockhead (as I perceive you foolishly conceive) but that it very well knows that visits made to hand∣som women by such as you are, after a second time grow suspitious to those that know that all men are pleased with what is handsom, stimulus carnis is a natural vice in all men; and that lust is no waies better refrained, then by keeping far from fair creatures. Therefore let him that will keep from committing error, avoid all occasion. And all your Philosophy can∣not make a man believe, but that every man made of flesh, is pleased with a savory morsel: Wherefore I put you in mind, that one like you, who make such profession of not staining your reputation with the spots of la∣sciviousness, ought to shun all that allure thereunto: for it is not only a great piece of folly; but an infinite rashness, worthy to be punisht, to make gun-powder in a Smiths shop, with hope to make people believe there is no danger in it.

The XCIV. ADVERTISEMENT.

A chief Senator of Poland, whilst he corrects another Sena∣tor, who is a friend of his, is made aware that be himself is he who goes astray, and needs amendment.

THere are at this time in the King of Polands Court, two Senators, who are very great friends; the one of them professeth openly to be ill satisfied with his King, and therefore blameth the manner of his Go∣vernment, and even to the point of malice, censures and cavils at all his acti∣ons. The other Senator was much displeased with this his friends man∣ner of proceeding, and went so counter-bias to this his friend, as he did not only praise such actions of his Kings as deserved blame, but to purchase his favour; stuck not to do unworthy things himself. This man being much scandalized at his friends dangerous way of proceeding, told him one day, that it was not only imprudency, but great rashness, by thus carping at his Princes actions, to irritate his hatred from whom he might expect all good; and that to serve in Court, meerly to demerit the Princes favour, was the greatest folly that could be committed. The o∣ther Courtier answered him thus; Your so free reprehending me, clearly shews the cordial affection you return for the great love I bear you; and I thank you for it: But know that both we aim at the same end of acqui∣ring the highest preferments and dignities in Court, though we take con∣trary courses. You walk the usual and beaten way, but I take a neerer cut, which is only known to the most accomplisht Courtiers; and I fore∣tell you, that I am likely to compass my ends sooner then you. In here∣ditary Monarchies, where the brother, children, and others of the bloud∣royal, do together with the State inherit usually the friendships, enmities, and all the Interests of the deceased Prince, the way you take, and which was first taught you by Tacitus (that the favor of them that rule, must be forced from them even by indignities) is admirable good. But in an e∣lective State, as our Poland is, and particularly under an old King, who may justly be thought not likely to live long; the way I take to seem dis∣pleased at the Court proceedings, is the safer for such a one as I am. And the advertisement given to men, to be either exceeding hot, or passing cold in their actions; and that by all means they should shun lukewarm∣ness, was worthy of him that gave it. The first Court-preferments by which men proceed to the highest dignities, you see they are already pos∣sest by others: So as not able to work my self into the Kings favour by fervency of zeal, I have betaken my self to the other extremity of being all snow, by appearing mal-content. And you, who for what I see, have not the fortune to burn in the favour of our Prince, and do abhor to fly to the other extream of freezing in discontent of the present state, I prog∣nosticate for certain that by being lukewarm, you will part old and gray∣headed from the Court, just in the same condition as you came thither

young and beardless: For in Elective Kingdoms the new comer in, be∣ing usually an enemy, no less to the firiends, then to the actions of his predecessor; those who were friends to the former Government, are ab∣hor'd, as not confiding; those who are lukewarm, are shun'd as foolish; and the malcontents are diligently sought after, and allowed to come un∣der the Cloth of State, as deer friends, and secure instruments to perpe∣tuate their greatness.

The XCV. ADVERTISEMENT.

A Controversie arising between the Governors of Pindo, and of Libetro, in point of Jurisdiction: Apollo punisheth them both.

SOme great fault being committed in the City of Libetro, the Governor of the place pursues the Delinquents with his whole rout of Serjeants and Catchpools, and overtakes them in the Territory of Pin∣do: He besiegeth them in a Countreymans house, which he soon begirts with his men, and threatnes to burn it, if they would not render them∣selves. This mean while the Governor of Pindo hearing of this uprore, comes to that place to defend his Jurisdiction; and brings along many armed men with him: And finds that the besieged had already deliver∣ed themselves up into the Governor of Libetro's hands, who led them to be imprisoned in his own Country. The Governor of Pindo complains bitterly of the injury done to him in his Jurisdiction, and demands that the prisoners be again assigned over unto him; which he promises to restore within a few daies; when by the former assignation, he might be some∣what repaired in his reputation. But the Governor of Libetro did not only deny to do so, but made the prisoners march the faster into his own Territories. He of Pindus, provoked by so great a scorn, commanded his men to fall on, and by force to bring back the prisoners, who being valiantly defended by those of Libetro, so foul and bloudy a scuffle insu∣ed, as many were wounded. The news hereof was soon brought to A∣pollo, who being highly distasted with both those his Officers, command∣ed the Provost-Marshal of Campagnia, Alvigi, Pulci, to bring them bound before him, in a shameful manner which was soon done. His Ma∣jesty with great patience first heard the reasons alleadged by both those his Officers; and then judging the Governor of Libetro to be in the wrong, for having rashly disturbed another mans Jurisdiction, he depri∣ved him of his Government, and declared him incapable of ever having any imployment within his Jurisdiction; and as for the Governor of Pin∣do, whom he acknowledged to have reason on his side, he condemned him to the Gallies for ten years; laying so heavie a sentence upon him, thereby to teach him, and all other Officers, that those who serve under the same Prince, must defend their right of Jurisdiction, only with their pen, and reserve their arms till they should be disturbed by Forreiners. The Governor of Pindo bewailed his misfortune bitterly, being sorry, that having so fair an occasion to deserve well at his Masters hands, by shewing his own modesty upon this occasion, and the others impertinen∣cy, he had ignorantly turned anothers rashness into his own fault. A sad thing certainly, and worthy to be considered by all Princes Officers, as that which shews it is a great error to refrain impertinences by insolen∣cies, and to amend a fault by a trespass:

The XCVI. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo sentenceth Hanibal Caro to pay his forfeited securi∣ty, for the wounds which he gave Castelvetro.

AFter the disimprisonment of the Commendador Hanibal Caro, who, as you have heard, was pardon'd by Apollo, when he visited the prisons, Bossio, the Atorny-general, pretending that his Maj. had only pardon'd the punishment, for having wounded Castelvetro, but not the monies which he by breach of security had forfeited, De non offendendo, cited the Fernesi, who were his sureties to pay the 3000 crowns, which was the covenanted forfeiture. Caro, who conceiv'd he had received ful and plenary pardon for the one fault, as wel as for the other, put his Maj. in mind thereof yesterday, and complained of the trouble given him by the Atorny-general. Apollo answered, that he intended only to pardon the excess committed in wounding, not the monies covenanted for for security; and gave order that without further reply, the forfeiture should be paid to Castelvetro. The Atorney-general, when he heard his Maj. Order, hasted to Apollo, and told him, that the forfeiture being made payable to the Exchequer, it ought not to be paid to Castelvetro. This Custom appeared so new to Apollo, as he said in anger to Bossio, Shall Castelvetro be prejudiced by being wounded, and shal the advantage of the monies redound to me? Is there such a Cu∣stom as this introduced in Parnassus, the Laws wherof I intend should serve for a rule of the best government to all other places? Bossio told Apollo, that this was the custom, not only of all the Tribunals of Italy, but of the most places of Europe. Apollo growing still more incenst against Bossio, said, That the Prince who would maintain peace amongst his people, ought ra∣ther to forbid faults upon pain of severe punishments, then foment them with easie chastisements, and make base merchandize of mans bloud. And that in carnal pleasures, in pleasing the pallat, in delights of hunting, and for the enjoyment of other worldly contents, since men were too naturally given to evil, and were therein p•…•…odigal beyond their power, who did not perceive that men were invited to revenge offences, by introducing so scan∣dalous a custom, revenge being to mans depraved genius, the greatest con∣tentment and satisfaction that can be taken: and therefore bad him go and see that Caro made paiment of the 3000 crowns which were forfeit∣ed, not into the Exchequer, but to Castelvetro's self; for it was reason that he should receive the advantage of the monies, who had been prejudiced by wounds. What his Majesty had commanded, was forthwith put in executi∣on: And because Caro made resistance, not only because he would not do the Office himself, but that he shewed a great deal of passion even whilst he told out the money, every one clearly perceived that his Majesty had very discreetly foreseen, that the vexation to do a mans enemy good, did much allay revenge, even in those that were most given to passion.

The XCVIII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Dante Aligieri being assaulted by night in his Country-house, and ill used by some disguised Vertuosi; is relieved by the great French Ronsard.

VVHilst famous Dante Allegieri was the other day in a Country-house of his, which he had built in a very solitary place to exercise his Poetry in, some Litterati got secretly into his house, where they did not only take him prisoner, but holding a dagger at his throat, and har∣quebuses at his sides, they threatned to kill him, unless he would tell them the true Title of his Poem, whether he called it Comedy, Tragi-Come∣dy, or Heroick Poem: And Dante answering them, that they used him not like one of his quality, and that if they would ask him the question in Parnassus, he would satisfie them: The Litterati, that they might have their desire immediately, beat and buffeted him; and not being able by these insolencies to compass their intents, they grew so outragious, as ta∣king the rope which hung upon the bucket by the well side, they fastned it to a beam of the house, and went about to hang Dante therewith; who cry'd out, Help, help, murder, murder; and so great was the noise he made, as it was heard by Ronsard the Prince of French Poets, who had a Country-house not far from that of Dante: This generous Frenchman took up his sword immediately, and ran towards the noise; whereupon the Litterati fearing lest some others might be with Ronsard, ran away; but not so soon but that the Frenchman both saw and knew them. Dante was set at liberty, clothed, and brought to Parnassus by Ronsard; where the news of so foul a riot being heard, Apollo was very much grieved at it; and his honor pressing him to know the Delinquents, he first examined Dante, who told him all that had past, and said he knew not who they were that had dealt so inhumanly with him; but that it might be that Ronsard, who had not only seen them, but had severely reprehended them for that their insolency, might peradventure know them. Ronsard was forthwith sent for, who denied not only that he knew any of them, but said he had not seen them. The Judges, by reason of this contrarie∣ty between what Dante had said, and Ronsards Deposition, feared that the Frenchman, thinking it a base thing to accuse any man, would not dis∣cover the Delinquents. When Apollo heard of this, he was very angry with Ronsard, and commanded to give him the Rack: Wherefore Ron∣sard was quickly secured, who persisting in his denial, the Judges gave or∣der that he should be put to the rack, as one who was likely to know some∣what. Ronsard being stript, bound, and bidden to speak the truth, was raised from the ground. The generous Frenchman, instead of complain∣ing, as is usual in such cases, desired the Judges that they would not let him down all that day, affirming that he held it too inestimable a content, ra∣ther to suffer so, then to offend any one. The Judges finding by this his constancy, that they should do no good by the rope, caused Ronsard to be let down, and began to think upon some other torment; and of as many as were propounded, the Judges liked none better then that which Peril∣lo's devilish wit found out; who said, that a better way to torment a Frenchman, then either ropes or fire, was to set him without either spur or switch, upon a slow dul horse: and so they did. It was a miracu∣lous thing to see, that Ronsard was no sooner set on horseback, but bela∣bouring

him with his legs, wrying his body twenty several waies, and shaking the bridle to make the horse go fast, he grew to such impatiency, and was surprised with such an agony of mind, as being quite out of breath, he cryed to the Serjeants that were by his side, Take me down, friends, for I am dead; take me down quickly, and I will tell all; and let them suf∣fer the punishment that have done the fault: Those you enquire after, were, Monsignor Carrieri of Padua, Iacapo Mazzoni of Cesena, and ano∣ther whom I know not; but you may know from the other two that I have named.

The XCIX. ADVERTISEMENT.

All the Princes of the world beseech Apollo that he wil insert into their people the love of their Country.

THe Ambossador from all the Princes of the Universe, who came long since to Parnassus, had on Thursday long audience from his Majesty, and the common report is, That in the name of all his Princes, he made a sore complaint, that their people committed every day such shameful ex∣cesses, so inormous actions, as that they had made the art of Reigning much more difficult then it was: That they were so far advanced in their disorders, as a Prince could not now give a City, or any strong Hold in custody to a Souldier, without running evident danger of being in a short time treacherously assassinated; and that they could not be so circumspect nor wary in chusing a Captain-General, or other Officer of War, but that they were soon brought into the sad condition of being forced to fear their servant friend, then their Prince enemy; and that the peoples iniqui∣ty was no less, then the Commanders perfidiousness: For their people were so shamefully given over to a vitious curiosity, as they began in a short time to hate any Prince, how good soever; shewing the same desire and liking to change Princes, as they had to change meat at their tables: That hence it arose, that Princes in their greatest needs were not only not assisted by their people, and defended by them with that affection and cha∣rity as they were bound to do; but it was every day seen how they were shamefully betrayed by them, and for a little money sold to their enemies. And that the Princes had at last learnt, that for certain all these evils were occasioned through the little love which people bore unto their Countries; and that Rome, the Queen of the World, and Mother of Empire, could suc∣cesfully extend the Confines of her Dominion from the East to the West, only by means of the cordial love which her Citizens bore her: That whereas amongst them, banishment was as terrible as death, many modern Princes, that they may not be without Subjects, nor have their Countries unpeopled, were forced to forbid men the forgoing of their Country, upon pain of forfeiting their Estates. That therefore all the Princes of the world did jointly signifie unto his Maj. that all the remedies they could use against this so grievous evil, had proved invalid, and that therefore they humbly intreated him that he would be pleased to insert into the hearts of subjects, that fervent charity, and that immence love unto their Countries, as was seen to be in the Subjects of Commonwealths, and wherein doubtlesly the

chief greatness, and richest treasure lay, of whosoever reigned. Apollo an∣swered the Ambassador, That Princes might make their Subjects love their Countries much better then he could by good Government, and e∣qual Justice, and by liberality, and procuring them perpetual abundance: For that all men, who by natural instinct, bore an excessive love to what∣soever Country they were born in, were easily induced not to love it, when it was made odious to them by incommodious living: For men would ra∣ther be benumn'd with cold, then stand by a fire, which filling the house with smoak, made their eyes water.

The XCVII. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo wakes a general hunting of Pismires and Tortoises, as being both of them Beasts of evil example to man∣kind.

YEsterday morning Zenofon, Apollos Master-Hunt, gave order to Acteon, Adonis, and to the other chiefest hunters of this State, that they should be ready with their dogs the next day, for that his Ma∣jesty was resolved to make then a general hunting; and every one thinking that Apollo, according to his custom, would have gon to the Mountain Ida, or to the Hill of Helicon, w•…•…ere were great store of Gotes, Stags, Wild Bores, and other wild beasts; his Majesty, as he came forth of the Gate, declared the intended Chase to be against Pismires and Tortoises; which he said he intended to rout out of the earth, for the great benifit of mankind.

Then many of the Vertuosi, desirous to know why his Majesty had conceived such anger against those animals, told him, that they thought the Tortoise was not only the emblem of mature delay, but the very type of those poor Vertuosi, who carried the houses of their patrimony, and the whole substance of Learning about with them; and that Pismires, which taught men to labour in the summer of their youth, to lay up food for the winter of their age, ought rather be assisted then pursued by his Majesty, as an admirable example of Providence. To these Apollo answered, That what they had said, was true; but that all men being more inclined to vice then to vertue, had learnt most scanda∣lous examples from those animals', and did not imitate them in their good things: for some passionately given to avarice, and being shame∣fully inslayed to their own Interests, had learnt the wicked custom of keeping continually with their head, feet, hands, and with all their mem∣bers, hid within the husk of their interest, and to carry about them the houses of their own commodities, with so much sordidness and obstina∣cy never to come out of them, as that they had made the sole interest of peculiar utility their Idol, only from the Tortoise: Whence it hap∣pened that such as these, when they wer made use of to take upon them

the care of widows and orphans, they presently turned them to their own advantage; and that the same men, if they were imployed by Princes in publick affairs, the very first day of their Magistracy they be∣gan to draw the water to their own Mill. And that as for the Pis∣mires, many had learnt from them the unhappy example of toyling and moyling both day and night, not ever taking so much as one hour of lawfull recreation, to the end that they may heap up by all, yea though unlawful means, the grain of that wealth, which was afterwards mar'd by the rain of Gods anger, or stolne away by mice, by thieves, Serje∣ants, Judges, Atorneys, who alwaies lie in wait for the wealth of these avaritious wretches, who like Pismires, not caring (though they abound in all things) to be lean and ill-favoured, suffering like dogs in their life and reputation, did so drown themselves in their sordid scraping, as they cared not though they were persecuted, ill treated, and troad upon by all conditions of men, even as Pismires were. And that God ha∣ving placed that vertuous providence which is void of all defect, in the miraculous Bees, men should look upon those, and imitate them, who with the love of all men, and without doing any the least harm, build their houses full of honey taken from flowres; whereas with the gene∣ral hatred of all men, Pismires stole grain from others grainaries; and that the Bees made both honey and wax, not only for their own accom∣modation, but for the general good of mankind: A most pretious in∣struction; that those exercises, and those imployments are holiest and most blest by God, which have the publick benefit joyned to their own advantage; whereas Pismires accumulated riches stolne from others, only for their own use.

The C. ADVERTISEMENT.

Apollo refuseth to receive a Censure presented him by a Lit∣terato, which was made upon the Poem of an Italian Ver∣tuoso.

APollo had already ended the toilsom course of day, when descending in his radient Charriot to the West, a Vertuoso, whose name Menan∣te doth wisely conceal, for fear of drawing some mischief upon himself, came before Apollo, and presented his Majestie with a very severe cen∣sure which he had made upon the Poem of an Italian Vertuoso. Apollo did openly appear to be so little satisfied with that present, as manifest signes of anger were seen in him: in so much as turning to Petrach who was by him, he said that it was great folly in men who not considering how they were addicted to whom they presented any thing, would offer spectacles to those that are blind, a lute to him that is deaf, or wine to an abstenious man. His Majestie then turned towards the Litterato, who would have pre∣sented him with the Book, and told him, that the good of Melloans was

given to such as he was, and the outside to hogs; that therefore he should carry such trash as those in a cart to the common-shore, or throw them into the river, and that he should present him with what of good and vertuous he had found in that Work; which he would not only very willingly read, but be beholding to him for it. The unlucky fellow answered, That he had only minded the errors of the Poem, not taking notice of such things in it as deserved praise. Whereat Apollo was so incenst, as though at that time (as it falls out continually in his setting) the beams of his face were very much sweetned and allaid; yet through anger his countenance grew as fiery as if it had been noon-day, and answer'd that unlucky wretch thus; It grieves my very heart to have met with one of those malitious fools, who labour by their pens to purchase that shame, which wise men so much abhor: And though your shameful demeanor deserves a much greater pennance, I will at this time be content with this which I now give you: Pick out with your hands, without the help of a sive or fan, all the darnel and chaf which you shall find in a bushel of corn, which I will presently cause to be given you by my Factor General Columella, and bring it to us, we will tell you what you shall do with it. The bushel of corn was forthwith delivered out unto him by Columella, which was so ful of darnel and chaf, as he spent much time in cleansing it, and presented it to his Majesty in a great hand∣basket. Apollo bad him carry the darnel to the Market and sell it, and he would freely give him all the money he could make of it. The silly soul said he did not only dispair to find any customer for that despicable com∣modity, but that to appear in the Market with a basket full of such vile stuff, would make him be laught at. Apollo bad him then go give the dar∣nel to somebody, and thereby purchase a new friend; the wretch reply'd, he durst not present so poor a thing to any man, which if he should do, he should be but derided. Then Apollo's fury being very much over, he said, if the refuse cul'd from such things as were good, were not fitting merchandize for wise men, and that they were neither worth selling nor giving, he was convinced out of his own mouth that he had been ill advised when he un∣dertook the business of leaving the roses which he found in the Poem by him censured, to make an unuseful and shameful collection of the thorns or prickles: And that in the reading of other mens labours, the wary Ver∣tuosi imitated the Bee, which knew how to gather honey even from bit∣ter flowres. And that there being no sublunary thing which was not knead∣ed with some imperfections; some bran would be found in the Works of Homer, Virgil, Livy, Tacitus, and Hyppocrates, who were the wonders of writing, if a man would be curious in sifting them; but that he was satis∣fied if the flowre of his Vertuoso's Composures were currant merchan∣dize: That the defects of good Authors were conceal'd by the juditious and friendly readers, and publisht only by such as are malitious. And that to make profession of taking out the worst things only out of other mens writings, was the office of base beetles which spent their lives with much gusto amidst the filth of excrements: a thing very far from the practice of those honoured Litterati who feed advantagiously upon good things. And that since his beloved Poets thought Time the most pretious Jewel which the East produced, he could not well see how he could be so very a fool as to believe that they would cast away their hours in perusing his maliti∣ous detractions, which they might advantagiously spend in reading the Works of Pindarus, Sophocles, Ovid, and of his beloved Heracli. This

unfortunate Censurer was no sooner parted full of confusion from Apol∣lo, when he against whom the Censure was made came hastily in, earnestly desiring permission that he might reply by way of Apology to his malevo∣lent friend. Apollo smiled, and told him, that he appeared as little wise, who would by his Apology put a value upon other mens prating, as Cen∣surers appeared malitious: That it was the greatest part of gross ignorance, to lend an ear to the back-biting babling of those whisperers, who not having sufficient parts to publish their own talents, foolishly believe they may win credit by carping at others; and that the Travailer who being annoi'd with the noise of Grashoppers in the midst of scorching Iuly, should alight from his horse to kill them all, were a very fool; whereas he were wise, who though he had a pair of good ears, would seem to be deaf, pass on his way, and let them sing and burst.

The end of the first Century.