the ways that come to the Camp, that the Army
may not be surprized.
It is not found that the Romans (who were the
great Masters in Military Acts and Discipline) e∣ver
used a Line about, or Intrenched their Camps,
until such time that they had vanquished Pyrrhus
King of Epyrus, lying always before in open Fields;
but finding that Princes Army Intrenched, they
liked it so well, that afterwards they did not allow
themselves to Encamp in Fields, although but [ 10]
for a Night, but in Camps Intrenched; and it is
almost incredible to read, in what little time they
Intrenched their Camp, and how laborious the
Form of it was. So excellent was their Military
Discipline, their Souldiers being accustomed to it
by constant practice, whence they soon found
the great advantages that attended it, together
with the many Dangers, and Inconveniences that
before accompanied the neglect thereof; such En∣trenchments
kept them safe, and freed them from [ 20]
dangers to which their Army was always expo∣sed
by quartering in the open Fields, and Villages,
where if the Enemy was awake, he would sure
every Night endanger the carrying or beating up
some Quarter of it, whilst on the other hand,
being lodged in a Body, and within an Intrenched
Line, they were exempt from those Inconvenien∣ces;
and to assault an Army so Intrenched was
held so daring and dangerous an Attempt, that we
Read of few that undertook it, and fewer that [ 30]
were successful in it. And it is certain that the Romans
(as we find by reading their Histories) owed as
much of their Conquests to their Encamping well,
as to their other excellent Military Discipline and
Valour; and it would be almosts endless to enume∣rate
what Kingdoms, and Provinces they kept in o∣bedience
by their standing Camps, having first
wearied out their Enemy by such safe and bene∣ficial
delays, and then on some great advantages
they would give them Battle, and so defeat them. [ 40]
The ordinary Dimensions of an Entrenched
Camp: 8 Foot are for the breadth of the Ditch
round the Camp, the depth 5 Foot, the exteri∣our
height of the Earth thrown up 5 Foot, and
the interiour 6 Foot; although if need be, the
Line may be raised higher, and thicker, and the
Ditch deeper and broader. On this Line are to be
made some sorts of Works, as Redoubts, Bastions,
Tenails, &c. which are to flank and defend the
Line, and are to be about the distance of 720 Foot [ 50]
the one from the other, which is the Point-blank
that a Musket doth execution. The raising the Line
and Works upon it are to be distributed equally
amongst the Regiments of Foot that are not on
the Guard, every Rgiment taking according to its
number of Men, his equal proportion, and every
division of the Regiment relieving the other by
turns until the Work is finished. Every 100
Souldiers are to have a Commissioned Officer, a
Sergeant and a Corporal to supervise them, that [ 60]
they lose no time. If there be any Moorish Grounds,
they may be set with Turn-Pikes and Palisadoes,
which may be taken up when the Army Decamps.
The manner of Encamping of Horse and Foot
is thus; For a Battalion consisting of 12 Compa∣nies,
and 50 Men in each Company, there is to be
allowed 100 Paces. For a Squadron consisting
of 3 Troops, and 50 Men in each Troop, 50 Paces.
From the Head of the first Line to the Head of
the second (if there be more than one Line) there
is commonly allowed 300 Paces, whereof 120 are
for Encamping the first Line, so that there re∣mains
180 Paces, for the distance between the
last Tents of the first Line, and the Head of the
second, the 100 Paces being allowed for the
second Line to draw up in; and there must be
as much allowed for the Front of the first Line
to the said purpose. It must be endeavoured
as much as may be, that the second Line be e∣qual
to the first, keeping the same distance upon
the Right and Left. All the Troops, and Companies
of Horse and Foot, consisting but of 50 Men a∣piece,
are to be encamped in one Row of Tents
and Huts; but when the Troops and Companies
consist of more Men, there must be 2, or 3. The
Horse are to be Encamped on the two Wings,
and the Foot in the Center. The Generals Regi∣ment
is to have the Right, and the Colonels Com∣pany
the Right of the Regiment
The particular Dimensions of the Ground al∣lotted
to the Adjutant, or Quarter-Master for
the Encamping a Battalion consisting of 12 Com∣panies,
and each Company being Encamped in one
File, is commonly 100 Paces, allowing 3 Foot
for a Pace, which he is thus to divide.
The Streets are each to be of 6 Paces, which
is in all 72 Paces; the breadth of each Tent 2
Paces, and ⅓ of a Pace, or 7 Foot; the Depth is
according to the number of the Tents, and 4 or
5 Men to a Hut, each Tent taking 2 Paces, the
distance betwixt each being usually 2 ½ Foot; The
distance of the Subalterns from the Souldiers, is
5 Foot; The great Street between the Captains,
and the Subalterns, is sometimes 15 Paces, and
sometimes 20; Behind the Captains Huts is their
Equipage, and at a convenient Distance the Sut∣lers
Encampt; the Pikes, Colours, and Musquets
must be placed at the Head of every Company; The
Huts of the Foot always to be open to the Streets,
and those of the Cavalry towards the Horses
Heads; and it is always to be observed, that
every Evening after the Tap-too is beaten, the
Word is to be given, after which none is to pass
along the Line that hath not the Word.
To conclude, The Quartering the Army at all
times, (especially when the Enemy is very near)
ought to be in such manner, as that the Souldiers
may be soonest in Battalia to receive them, that
is, that such Forces as compose the Wings and
Body, may have only to go out of their Huts and
Tents, to be in the Figure you design to fight in;
else in case of an Alarum, the dangers will be
many, and great.