The gentlemans recreation in two parts : the first being an encyclopedy of the arts and sciences ... the second part treats of horsmanship, hawking, hunting, fowling, fishing, and agriculture : with a short treatise of cock-fighting ... : all which are collected from the most authentick authors, and the many gross errors therein corrected, with great enlargements ... : and for the better explanation thereof, great variety of useful sculptures, as nets, traps, engines, &c. are added for the taking of beasts, fowl and fish : not hitherto published by any : the whole illustrated with about an hundred ornamental and useful sculptures engraven in copper, relating to the several subjects.

The Second Part of COSMOGRAPHY, VIZ. GEOGRAPHY.

GEOGRAPHY, is an Art that teacheth to make a true description of the Super∣ficies of the whole Earth. It is divided into General and Particular.

The General comprehends not only the whole Earth, as far as is discovered that is habitable, but also that part that lies under the Water. Now the description of the Waters belongs to Hydrography, of which more anon.

The Particular description of the Earth, ex∣tends [ 20] only to some Particular parts thereof, and is divided into Chorography, and Topography; so that as Cosmography is a description of the whole World, and Geography of the Earth; so is Cho∣rography a description of every Particular Countrey, or part of the Earth, such as is described by par∣ticular Maps, as of England, France, Spain, and the like. And whereas Topography is a descrip∣tion of every particular place, as Cities, Towns, Forests, Desarts, Woods, Mountains, Valleys, Lakes, [ 30] Marshes, Gulphs, Bays, Rivers, Streights, Havens, &c. the knowledg thereof cannot but be of great use, and delight to all men, especially to Travel∣lers.

Of the Motion of the Earth.

IN the Copernican Hypothesis, neither the Sun, nor Firmament have any Motion, but the [ 40] Sun is said to be so disposed in the middle, that the Globe of the Earth, together with the Sphaere of the Moon is continually carried about it, with a most rapid Motion; according to this Figure.

[illustration]

[ 50]

The Arguments, and Answers pro, and con, are many on both sides; but the most unanswer∣able proofs of the truth of the Ptolomaean, or [ 60] common received Hypothesis are these.

First, If our Terrestrial Globe were not placed in the midst or Center of the World, it would not be plainly made out, how the mid part of Heaven should be conspicuous to us, or how in the New Moon, the Sun and the Moon could be seen both at the same time in parts Diametrically opposite. And whereas they answer, That the Earth is but a small Punctum or Point in respect to the Heavens, and that therefore all this night well enough be without any contradiction to their Hypothesis, a greater Absurdity would still fol∣low, that is, that all the part of Heaven beneath the Horizon, would be equally seen by us with those parts above. Moreover, if the Earth were not placed in the middle of the World, there could not be a perpetual Aequinoctial in the Sphaera recta, in regard all the Circulations of the Sun, would be unequally cut by the Horizon. Also if the Earth were not in the middle of the World, there would not always be an Eclipse of the Moon, when she is Diametrically opposite to the Sun, since it would often happen that the Globe of the Earth, would not be exactly in the mid∣dle, and equally opposite to both those Planets, within the Line drawn from the Sun, through the middle part of the World to the Moon; whereas in Lunar Eclipses are never known, but when the Moon keeps her opposition with the Sun, through the middle of the World; the Moon then being exactly in the middle, as Astrono∣mers have always observed.

Next, there is this Pyhsical reason to be given, why the Earth is in the Center, namely, because all heavy things have their tendency thither, and consequently the Earth, as being of that Gravity which renders it unfit for Motion, and inclines it to a settlement in the lowest place, or Center.

Lastly, in the Copernican Hypothesis, the Globe of the Earth, is affirmed to be moved, not only about the Center of the World, but also about its own Axis; so as successively to receive the diurnal Light according to its different parts; but to refute this Assertion, hereafter it shall be made appear, that the Earth is a Magnetick-Bo∣dy, and consequently uncapeable of being moved about its own Axis, and this is the opinion of Galtruchij. But a larger Dicourse of this subject, which recites the Opinions of the Pythagoreans, Ptolomains, and Copernicans, you will find in the fifth Chapter of Varenius his Geography.

[illustration]

To the R^t. Hon^ble. George Berkeley 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Berkeley. Ma••bray. Segrave, & Bruce, Baron of Berkeley Castle, & Earle of Berkeley, & one of the Lords of his Majestyes most Hon^ble. Privi Councell &c. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Anno Dom 1678.

This Plate is humb^ly. Dedicated By Ric^d. Blome.

The Figure of the Earth.

THat the Earth is a round Figure, is proved by several Arguments. First, by the rising of the Stars; for in their rising they appear first to those that live most Easternly; next by the Elevation of the Pole; for the nearer any one comes to the Pole, the higher he is elevated above the Horizon; another Egregious proof is this, [ 10] That a Perpendicular falls in any part whatsoever at right Angles upon the Earth, which could not be if the Earth were plain, and not round according to this Figure. Moreover, If the Superficies of the Earth were plain, and not round, as the Chineses are of opinion, it would not [ 20] be every where habitable, in regard few Men would be able to stand upright in it; for as ex∣perience makes it out, they only can stand up∣right upon the Earth, whose Longitude of Body is in the Line of Direction; for thence it is that they stand Perpendicularly upon the Center of the World, excepting in this case, those that possest the middle of the plain of the Earth; which the better to demon∣strate [ 30] observe this Figure, where there is described a right Line for that right Pavement, which tends directly to that Point of Heaven, which answers to the Horizon. Next there are imagined to pro∣ceed from the Center of the Earth, Lines passing at rights Angles through the Superficies of the said Earth.

[illustration]

[illustration]

The Earth excavated in several parts takes in the Waters, so that the Water together with the [ 40] Earth makes one perfect Globe, which is thereup∣on called the Terraqueous Globe; However some are of opinion, that the Globe of the Earth is distinct from that of the Water, but the absurdi∣ty of this opinion is easily evinc't by the Eclipse of the Moon, whereas it is plainly evident, that there is but one Shadow of Earth and Water, and that Conical, and consequently that the Globe of the Earth and Water is one and the same, which the better to confirm, it must be consider∣ed, [ 50] that there is but one Center, to which both the weight of the Earth and Water tend; for let Water be thrown down any where, it will certain∣ly fall the same, as Earth directed from the same place. Nor can it be imagined, if there were two Globes, how there could be any passing from the Globe of Water to that of the Earth. And those that frequent the Seas easily from the sight of either Pole, shew that they are carried a∣bout the same Center with that of the Earth. [ 60] Moreover it is certain; that the Sea in its out∣wards Superficies is of a Form so Spherical, that it makes but one rotundity, and consequently but one Globe with the Superficies of the Earth; and this is very manifest by a Ship homeward bound, and returning into the Haven, when those aboard her see first the Turrets and Battlements of publique Edifices, and afterwards the lower parts, which can proceed from no other cause, but from the swelling, and rotundity of the Water. as appears by this Figure, And for the same reason the Pole appears by De∣grees more and more elevated above the Horizon to him that Sayls towards it, under the same Meridian.

[illustration]

Note, that the Superficies of the Sea towards the extream Shoars falls more sensibly from its main bulk, than from any part of the Superficies of the Earth; in regard there is a descent to the Sea from all parts of the Earth, as the fall of Rivers demonstrates; for the Waters by their own natural gravity descend not but from a high∣er place to a lower, and consequently it may be laid down for a Maxim, That the whole Mass of Water, or Sea in its utmost Superficies is low∣er than the whole Superficies of the Earth; for were that part of the Sea which is near the Shoar, higher than the Shoar, it cannot be otherwise i∣magined, but that it must needs pour it self up∣on it; and by the Rule of Proportion, the same may be affirmed of any other part of the Sea; for were one part more imminent than another, the higher part according to its fluxible nature would still fall upon the lower, as tending to a Level, and to keep an equal distance from the Cen∣ter of the World. And whereas to those that look upon the Sea from the Shoar it seems to rise, and swell up more and more. This ariseth from the fallacy of the Sight, as by the Rules of Opticks may be more plainly demonstrated.

Of the Magnitude of the Earth.

THough the Globe of the Earth, only con∣sidered in it self may be said to be a vast Bulk; yet in respect of the Heavens it is but a little Point.

The Compass of the Earth, is to be found out several ways; the first is that of Mauroly∣cus, according to this Fi∣gure, where the Altitude c, a, of the Mountain; for Example, Aetna is said to be 2 French Leagues, which is four Eng∣lish Miles, from whence the prospect upon the Sea by the Line a, d, will consequently be the Longitude of the sensible Horizon, and the Line touching the Circle d, h, i, which is taken for the Compass of the Earth; then suppose that distance, or Line a, d, to be 200 Furlongs, the square whereof is 40000. Likewise let a right Angle be imagined from the Line, a, h, cutting the whole Circle through the Center thereof, under the Latitude a, g, which is the same with c, a, These things thus laid down, whereas the said right Angle a, g, h, i, according to the 36th Pro∣position of the said Book of Euclide, is to be e∣equal

[illustration]

to the Square of the Tangent Line a, d; It will be thence easy to determine of the said Right Angle, and the Longitude thereof.

But the more clear way of finding out this Compass, is by the Elevation of the Pole in two places: For Example, Two Cities so far distant from each other under the same Meridian, that the Pole Elevated in one more than in the other one Degree, or some known part of a Degree; For Example, a fourth part, from whence the [ 10] whole Degree may easily be computed: Now one Degree in Heaven answering to 30 French Leagues, and there being 360 Degrees in all, Multiply 360 by 30, and the Product is 10800 which is the compass of the Earth. But accor∣ding to the English Account, the Circumference is 21600 Miles. From whence the Diameter accor∣ing to the Triple proportion allowed by Geome∣tricians, between that and the Circumference, will be found to be 3436 Leagues omitting all Fracti∣ons, [ 20] and the distance from the Surface to the Center, 1718 Leagues. Hence also may be made the Computation of the whole Superficies of the Earth, which will be 37114200 Square Leagues; and in like manner the whole solidity 21254065200.

Note, that this universal Bulk of the Earth, consider¦ed as to its solidi∣ty, [ 30] or depth, is di∣vided into several Regions, according to this Figure, whereof the first is that which is cal∣led the outward∣most of the Sur∣face; the second is the next beneath, where for the most part Stones, Metals, and the like are generated, in which also are certain Passages, [ 40] and as it we••e Channels, through which Waters from the Sea, are devolved towards the Genera∣tion of Rivers and Fountains. Also hitherto belongs Subterranean Fires. The third reaches from thence to the Center, and this according to the whimsical fancy of some, is said to be the place or Prison of the damned.

[illustration]

However, Geographers affirm the Surface of the Waters, to be double to that of the Earth; yet [ 50] certain it is, that as to the whole Mass, the Earth is much the biggest, of which there is this material proof, viz. that neither all the Earth is covered with Water, neither are there any Wa∣ters in any part under which there is not Earth of far greater profundity than the Water above; for the greater profundity of the Earth, is ac∣counted to be above 1700 Leagues, whereas the Sea where it is deepest, scarce exceeds one League in depth, as the skillfullest Mariners have ex∣perimented [ 60] by founding the Depth.

That the Earth is a Magnetick Body, and first of the nature of the Magnet, or Loadstone.

IT is to be understood, that the Loadstone is a Stone that hath the virtue of attracting cognate Bodies, and directing it self to certain parts of the World; those are said to be cognate Bodies which have a Magnetick virtue, either pro∣per to themselves, as other Magnets, or borrowed from the Magnet, as Iron. But these kind of Notions are best made good by Experiments.

First, we observe that Iron, that is Iron Rings moved to the Magnet, presently cleave to it, and draw each other successively in manner of a Chain; especially if the Iron be substantial, well pur∣ged and clear of Dross. Secondly, That a Mag∣netick virtue is contracted by the Iron, but not retained by it when the Magnet is removed, ex∣cep it be drawn out very long, and in form of a Rod, or Staff. Thirdly, That the Magnet exer∣ciseth its attractive force only in certain determi∣ned Points; and that these Points are as it were two Poles, and placed as it were at the extremi∣ties of a certain Axis, as a, b, in this Figure. These Poles are best discovered by the tendency of a Needle that way. Fourthly, That these Poles are directed to the contrary parts of the World, one to the North, and therefore called the North Pole, and the other to the South, and called the South Pole. These Magneticks besides their attractive, have also a directive virtue, whence the Needle in the Mari∣ners Compass is of such great use for the Naviga∣ting of Ships from Port to Port; nor is it of small use in Dyalling for the drawing the Meri∣dian Line. Fifthly, That the Poles as they are of a contrary direction, viz. North and South, so also they are of a contrary virtue; for that which one draws to it self, is repelled by the o∣ther; the virtue which one contributes to the Iron is destroyed by the other. Moreover the same Pole is sometimes contrary to it self; for what virtue by one kind of Motion it gives to the Iron, by another Motion it takes away. Sixthly, Magneticks keep exact concord amongst themselves when they meet near Poles of a con∣trary

[illustration]

[illustration]

direction, such as this Fi∣gure represents; but on condition that no more than two be pre∣sent at a time; for if a third comes in the way all is disturbed. Also those disagree, and exer∣cise Hostility one with another, which tend both to the same term, and draw virtue from the same Fountain, as is to be seen in the first Figure of this Problem; where three Needles fixt all to the same Pole, depart one from another. Seventh∣ly, As to propagation and extension of the Magnetick virtue in its subject, observe that this virtue from the Magnet, within the Sphaere of its proper Activity is diffused in an instant; for of many Versories those which are distant are a∣gitated

at the same time with the nearest, for as much as interposed Bo∣dies hinder that propaga∣tion. Moreover, as is re∣presented in this Figure, it so affects its subject, that it is divided as it were by an Aequator into two contrary parts, each [ 10] whereof as it were flows by certain Rays to a Point, being that which is termed the Pole; and it is therefore called the Center of Magnetick virtue, in which sense they say that the Magnet hath the Center of its vir∣tue in the Circumference. And more than this, that in the same Circumference it hath two Centers, of an opposite virtue. Eighthly, It is to be obser¦ved, that in Magneticks there is a manifold kind of Verticity, Motion, or Agitation; the first and [ 20] chiefest is that Verticity by which it is directed to the Poles of the World, and conforms as much as may be to its own Axis, with the Axis of the World; nor is there any other reason to be given, why Poles of a different direction are most friend∣ly, and mutually conserve themselves, but that they may be united together to constitute the Axis, and more firmly affixt to those opposite parts of the World; whereas on the contrary, Poles of the same direction have an antipathy, [ 30] and mutually destroy each other, by Reason they cannot be joyned together near the same Axis; for the Poles that are alike, regard both the same part of the World, whereas of those parts which meet into a Closure, one ought to regard the North, the other the South.

[illustration]

The second Verticity is the Declination, or Variation, by which it declines from its Pole either Eastwards, or Westwards. But this is different in different parts of the World. Now [ 40] to find its quantity for any given place, set the Versory directly in the Meridian Line Astrono∣mically drawn; for the Angle which it will make with that Meridian Line gives the Degrees.

The third sort of Verticity is Inclination; for if a Needle not yet touch'd be placed in a Rhomb, and six'd upon a Cork in swiming Water, or so hung upon a Thread, as to keep its Aequi∣librium, as soon as it shall draw the Magnetick Virtue by the application of the Magnetick, it [ 50] will incline it self by certain Degrees to the Ho∣rizon, and to the Pole of the Earth, as in this Figure; though if you stand under the Aequa∣tor of the World, it will become Parallel to the Horizon; but it will always incline to the Pole of the Earth in [ 60] such a proportion as you shall recede from the Aequator, till at length it erects perpendicularly when you come to the Pole. From the Inspection of this Magnetick Decliration, a Circle divided into its Degrees be∣ing made use of, true Judgment may be made of the Elevation of the Coelestial Pole, as that famous Author Grandamicus hath sufficiently de∣monstrated; who also shews, how from Decli∣nation and Inclination joyn'd together, conjecture may be made of Geographical Longitudes, if from certain Observations there be any Informa∣tion of the proper Inclination and Declination of the Countrey whose Longitude is sought, although the variation of the Magnet seems somewhat too uncertain for any true Judgment to be made thereof.

[illustration]

Note, That the Magnet hath not that power of staying it self at the East and West, in some Oriental or Occidental Points, as it hath in its Poles, but is rather situate in a certain Meridian Circle, which of its own nature composeth it self to the Worlds Meridian. Whence consequent∣ly it comes to pass, that in certain parts it fixes to the East and West, but that in reality it hath not that virtue plac'd in it, except in some kind of Meridian, as is hereby proved; viz. be∣cause the same Meridian being kept, though that part which was turned to the East becomes Occidental, nevertheless it perfectly rests. This is to be observed in a Vertical Needle swiming, such as this Figure shews.

[illustration]

From what hath been said, may very well be inferr'd; First, That the Magnet hath not only its Aequator, by which it is divided into the Septentrional, and Meridional Pole, but that there is also found in it a Meridian by which it is divided in the Oriental and Occidental Parts. Se∣condly, That the Circular Motion is no less na∣tural to the Magnet, than it is to a Stone to move downwards, or to Fire to move upwards, and that from an inward Principle of Nature; inso∣much, that being by any Accident diverted from its proper Site, it betakes it self to it again, by cleaving either to the Poles of the World, or to the Oriental and Occidental Parts. Thirdly, That such is the nature of Magnetick virtue, that it renders whatsoever Subject it effects every way quiet and immoveable about its Center, foras∣much as from one part through the Poles its Axis is rendred immoveable; then through the Meridian the Motion about the Axis is hin∣dred.

From what hath been said of Magnetick vir∣tue in general, we pass on to affirm, that there is actually in the Earth a Magnetick virtue, being confirmed in this Opinion by the Authority of the most Learned in Magnetick Philosophy, that later Ages have produc'd. For this part of Science hath not been long revealed to the World, and the many substantial Reasons they give for this their Assertion: First, That there is a Mag∣netick virtue derived from the Earth to Iron, is apparent from the Observation of long Iron Bars

set upright on the Earth, their lowermost part being always imbued with the virtue of that Pole which is next, and which is proper to that Countrey in which they are, as with us the North; and hereof any one may be himself an Eye-witness, by applying the Versory to any of these Bars or Rods of Iron. Secondly, No other Reason can be given of the Magnetick Inclina∣tion than now treated of, but because the Pole of the Earth draws the Needle to it; neither is [ 10] there any other Reason of Declination, but the various temper of the Earths, whence either more or less the Virtue is infused, and the Ver∣sory disturbed from its Natural course; for in this matter we may Philosophize in the same manner as concerning the Magnet Stone, which the inequality of parts performs the same thing, as is often found by Experience.

Thus it may also be asserted, that the Ter∣restrial Pole is the cause of that Verticity, by [ 20] which the Needle touch'd declares to us the Poles of the World; for as the Magnet or Load-Stone conforms to it self the friendly Poles of the Versorian Needle; so the Earth, which is in the nature of a certain great Magnet, will con∣form to it self all these lesser Magnetick Bodies, and so will change their proper Site; that is to say, that Pole which inclin'd towards the South will be attracted towards the North, by the force of the Terrestrial Pole. [ 30]

Neither can that Verticity, and Magnetick Direction be ascribed (as some Write) to Heaven on the Coelestial Pole; for if it had that force of attracting, the Needle would not incline to the Pole of the Earth, but rather would be erected upwards to Heaven. Moreover, if the Coelestial Pole had the efficacious force of attracting to it the Magnetick Needle, the said Needle would decline from it. Nor have these Parts that lye near the Pole this attractive force; for were it so, [ 40] for as much as their Motion is Circular, there must needs be a variation of the Magnetick Needle: But this common Experience contra∣dicts.

Note, That this force of the Terrestrial Pole is only exercised upon the Poles of the Magnet, which nevertheless being by greater force, may possibly decline elsewhere. But so long as the Magnet vertically constituted can act freely, as when it swims upon Quicksilver, or the like, it [ 50] will compose its Meridian within the Meridian of the World, without any Declination, by reason the Magnetick Meridian is not moved by any other, nor hath it any Antipathy, or Sympathy with the Polar virtue. The same thing may be as conveniently done by a Vertical Needle float∣ing on the Water, as in the last Figure; and by this means may be had the Vniversal Meridian, without Declination, in any Countrey what∣soever. [ 60]

But when we treat of the Magnetical virtue that is in the Globe of the Earth, it is not to be understood of any piece of Earth, but only of that which is pure and unmixt.

Of the Immobility of the Earth, both at the Center, and about the Center of the World.

THe Terraqueous Globe, by reason of its in∣nate gravity, hath this property, that be∣ing placed in the midst of the World it resists all Motion, as well upwards as side-ways: (For that is the proper effect of Gravity.) But however it is thus moveable in the Center, or at the Center of the World; yet it is moveable about its Center. For this is certain, That a Globe of equal Gravity hung in an Aequilibrium, may without any great force be inclined and moved Orbicularly. Nor can the Terraqueous Globe from any part resist that Motion, resting only upon its Center. Nei∣ther doth it press hard upon it self, forasmuch as heavy things placed in their proper place dis∣cover no heaviness or weight. Therefore it is from the weight of the Earth that it is immove∣able about its Center; nor doth that hinder but that it might be every way moved Orbicularly, either by the ebbing and flowing of the Seas, or by the violence of the Winds. Yet that it is not thus moved, since in one and the same place of the Earth there always appears the same Elevation of the Pole; to which may be added the Testimony of Holy Writ, affirming, that the Earth stands firm for ever upon its own Foundation. Besides, that there is a necessity of this Immobility of the Earth, about, in, and at its Center, for the better succeeding of all Na∣tural Productions and Conveniences of Man∣kind.

Now to apply what hath been said herein, I shall not doubt to affirm, (following the Autho∣rity of that eminent Author Grandamicus,) That this Immobility of the Earth about its Center proceeds from the Magnetick virtue; for it im∣ports no less that the Earth be immoveable about its Center, than in the Center. GOD in his Providence enduing all Natural things with those Qualities that are requisite for their preservation and consistence: But there is no Quality fitter for this purpose than the Magnetick virtue; nor was it indeed given by GOD to any other end, being it comprehends all things that conduce to this sort of Immobility, and since it renders the Poles and the Meridian of themselves Immove∣able; nor is there any other thing required to the Immobility.

Of the EARTH, its Circumference, Superficies, &c.

THe Circumference of the Earth (which if considered with the Firmament, is but a Spot) is divided into 360 Parts or Degrees (as the Heavens are) and each Degree contains 60 English Miles, by which Account the whole Cir∣cumference is 21600 Miles, the Diameter (as all round Bodies being one third) is 7200 Miles; so that by consequence, the Semidiameter which reaches to the Center, is 3600 Miles. But as it properly belongs to Geography, to give an Account of the Latitude and Longitude of Places, so to find out the Thickness of the Earth seems to be∣long to Geometry.

The whole Superficies consists of Earth and Water, as already treated of; which is divided into two parts, the one Visible, and the other Invisible: And divided into five Zones, which are treated of in Cosmography, or Astronomy.

The Visible part of the Earth, which was ap∣pointed by Gods Providence for the Seat of Man, and other living Creatures, lay at first all under Water; but at the Command of God at the Crea∣tion, the Waters were separate from the Earth, [ 10] and are now its Bounds, which according to their various Shapes have their Names. The Borders of the Sea serve likewise for the Continent, some of which Borders are of easie Access, and pro∣per for Navigation; others Inaccessible, and hard to be approached, as those places where there are Precipices, Rocks, and high Hills. Such as are convenient, are either more or less commodious: Of the first sort are the Sea-Ports, Harbours, and Bays, which said places are (or ought to be) [ 20] secure from all danger of Seas, Winds, and the like: But there is this difference between a Har∣bour, and a Bay, that Ships may safely Ride in an Harbour, but not in a Bay.

The Habitable Land is divided into Continents, and Islands. A Continent is a great part of the Surface of the Earth, as Russia, Tartary, Germany, &c.

An Island is a part of Earth surrounded with Water, as Great Britain, Ireland, Madagascar, [ 30] Japan, Jamaica, Barbadoes, &c.

A Peninsula, or Chersonesus, is a part of Land almost encompassed with Water, being only joyn∣ed to the Main Continent by a narrow Isthmus, or Neck of Land; as Morea in Greece, Panama in South America, &c.

A Cape, or Promontory, is a Hill that shoots it self forth into the Sea; as the Cape of Good-Hope, in the South part of Africa.

A Point, or Foreland, is a narrow piece of [ 40] Ground Point-wise into the Sea.

The other Invisible Superficies of the Earth, is either Uninhabitable, or covered with Running, or standing Waters.

The Runing-Waters are either lesser, as Springs, Brooks, and Rivulets; or greater, as large Rivers, and Terrents.

The Standing-Waters are sweet, salt, or the like. These gather naturally in long places, as Lakes, and Marshes; or Artificially, as Wells, Cisterns, [ 50] and Ponds.

The Waters are generally divided into Seas, Lakes, and Marshes; or Artifically into Wells, Cisterns, Ponds, Gulphs, Rivers, &c. as by the Hydrographical Table following the division of the Waters will better appear.

The Latitude and Longitude of Places.

THe Latitude and Longitude of Places should [ 60] next follow; but having largely treated thereof in Cosmography, or Astronomy, 'tis thought convenient to omit them here, rather than to have two Discourses of one and the same Sub∣ject.

☞ The Art of GEOGRAPHY, as also that of COSMOGRAPHY, are of so large a Latitude, that it cannot be comprehended in so narrow a Compass; however the most essential things are taken notice of. But having lately published a Volume in large Folio of that Sub∣ject, entituled Cosmography and Geography, in two Parts (the first containing the General and Abso∣lute Part thereof, Translated from the Works of that eminent and much esteemed Geographer VARENIVS. The Second Part being a Geo∣graphical Description of the World, taken from the Notes and Works of the Famous Monsieur Sansen, late Geographer to the French King; Il∣lustrated with Maps; And for the further com∣pleatment thereof are added about 100 Geogra∣phical and Hydrographical Tables of the King∣doms and Isles in the World, with their chief Cities, Ports, &c.) I have thought fit to give the Reader an Account of the Heads therein treated of, with some Cosmographical, Geographical, and Hydrographical Tables, taken notice of in the Second Part, viz. Sansons Geography. Which said Work having been so well received and ap∣proved of by experienced Cosmographers and Geographers, I may be bold to recommend it for the best of that kind yet extant in our Native Tongue.

The Heads of the respective Things in the several Chapters of VA∣RENIUS, with the Folio's where Treated of.

In the First Part, being the ABSOLVTE, or COMPLEAT PART.

Chapter 1.—Folio 1.

COncerning the Precognita's, or things known before the handling the Art it self; as the Definition, Division, Object, Properties, Principles, Order, Method, Original, Excellency, and other Affections of Geography.

Chap. 2.—Fol. 6.

TReats of certain things taken out of Geo∣metry, and Trigonometry, necessary to be known in Geography.

Chap. 3.—Folio 11.

COncerning the Figure of the Earth.

Chap. 4.—Folio 15.

COncerning the Dimension and Magnitude of the Earth.

A Table of the Quantity of one Degree in every Parallel; or the Degrees in which the Parallels are distant from the Aequator, or the Elevation of the Poles of the Parallels.

Chap. 5.—Folio 23.

THe Motions of the Earth, according to the Opinion of the Pythagoreans, Ptolomaians, and Copernicans, with some others.

Chap. 6.—Folio 27.

COncerning the Situation, or place of the [ 10] Earth, in respect of the Planets and Stars.

Chap. 7.—Folio 30.

COncerning the Substance and Constitution of the EARTH; declaring of what Simple and Simular Bodies it may consist, or be com∣pounded of. That it is divided into Dry and Moist parts, viz. Earth and Water, and how they hold, or cleave together, making the Land, [ 20] whose Superficies, or Surface, is continual, but that of the Water is not so. That the sticking or cleaving fast together of the Earth is occa∣sioned from Salt. That the kinds of Earths are divers ways mixed together in the Earth; And that the Cavities of the Earth, and the out∣ward Disposition thereof, are not always the same.

Chap. 8.—Folio 35.

TReats concerning the Natural division of [ 30] the Parts of the EARTH, made from the Ocean flowing round about it; as Islands, both great and small, Peninsula's, and Isthmusses.

Chap. 9.—Folio 40.

OF MOVNTAINS and HILLS, in General, and how how to find the height thereof; also the Height being known, to find the [ 40] distance thereof from us. The length of the Shadow that a Mountain casts, with the height of the Sun to that time being given, to find the Alti∣tude of the said Mountain. Why Showers of Rain, Mists, and Snows, are frequent on the Tops of Mountains, when as in the Valleys the Air is serene and calm without any such Meteors.

Chap. 10.—Folio 46.

TReats of the Differences, and tract of [ 50] MOVNTAINS, and in Particular concerning the most famous Chains or Cliffs of Mountains; also those famous for their great Al∣titude; and for their burning and casting forth Flames. That Mountains that run forth in a narrow Neck into the Sea, are called Promontories. Of Caves, and deep Abysses, that are in some parts of the Earth.

Chap. 11.—Folio 54. [ 60]

OF Mines, Woods, and Desarts.

Chap. 12.—Folio 57.

TReats of the Division of the OCEAN throughout the Earth. That the Ocean is a continued Tract, encompassing the Earth, and the Terrestrial Parts; that the Ocean may be di∣vided into three kinds, viz. Ocean, or Seas, Bays, or Gulphs and Streights, the chiefest of which are taken notice of.

Chap. 13.—Folio 65.

TReats of some properties of the Ocean, and its part. That the Superficies of the O∣cean, and all Liquid Bodies are round, Sphaerical, or else in part of a Sphaerical Superficies, whose Center is the same with that of the Land. That the Ocean is not of a greater height than the Shoars of the Earth, so that the Earth and Water are almost of the same Altitude, high Mountains ex∣cepted. The reason why the Sea, being beheld from the Shoar, seemeth to arise in a greater Al∣titude and Tumor, by how much it is more re∣mote. The cause and original of Gulphs, Bays, and Streights. Whether the Ocean be every where of the same Altitude. That the depth of the Ocean in most parts may be sounded That the Ocean hath no Fountains, but is contained with∣in the Cavities of the Earth. That the Saltness of the Waters proceed from the particles of Salt mixed with it. Whether that Water be the fresher in the Ocean, by how much it is nigher the bottom, and why in some parts fresh Water is found in the bottom. That the Water is less Salt nearer the Poles, and more Salt the nearer to the Aequator. The reason why Rain-Water in the middle of the Sea is found sweet, but the Water separated from the Salt-Water is yet found Salt; when as the Rain Water proceedeth from the Vapours exhaled from the Sea. That Sea-Water is more ponderous than Fresh; and the Water of one Sea, is more heavy than of ano∣ther. That Salt-Water doth not so soon freez as Fresh. Why the Ocean is not bigger, seeing that it receives so many Rivers. That certain parts of the Ocean differ in Colour. That certain pe∣culiar things are found in certain parts of the Ocean. That the Ocean, or rather all Water casts out Terrestrial Bodies on the Shoar, especially in the Full Moon.

Chap. 14.—Folio 83.

TReats of the MOTION of the SEA in general, and in particular of the Flux and Reflux; shewing what Water hath no natural Motion, except one, by which it moveth from a more higher place unto those more low; but if the vicine place or Body be equal, or of a greater Al∣titude than the Superficices of the Water, then the Water naturally resteth, that is, being without Motion, except compelled by a violent Cause. That when part of the Ocean is moved, the whole is likewise so; but by so much the more, that every one is nearer the part moved. That the Quarter into which the Sea that is moved tend∣eth,

is to be observed. The Motion of the Sea, is either Direct, or a Vortex, or a Concussion. That Wind is the cause of the contingent cause of the Sea, forceing the Sea to a quarter, opposite to the Wind, nor is the Sea ever free from such Mo∣tions; this Motion of the Sea is twofold, the one continually from East to West; the other com∣posed of two contrary Motions, termed the Flux, and Reflux, in which the Sea floweth at certain Hours, to the Shoar, and at others back again: [ 10] But the Winds oft-times change the general Motion of the Sea, especially those Fixed Winds. That the cause of the general Motion, from East to West, is uncertain; and that the Flux and Re∣flux, in which the Sea in the space of about 12 ½ Hours Floweth unto most Coasts, and so Floweth back again, is when the Moon approacheth, to the lowest Meridian, and refloweth when the Moon recedeth from the Meridian, towards the West, and towards the East; and the reason thereof. [ 20] In Full and New Moons, the general Motion of the Sea, from East to West, is more violent; al∣so the intumescency of the Sea, is found great in most parts; Also in the Vernal and Autum∣nal Equinox, the intumescency of the Sea, is greater than in other Seasons, but least in the Solstices. That in some parts of the Ocean, as Gulphs and Shoars, the encrease and decrease of the Water in the Influx, and Deflux is great; in other parts it is very small, and in some not dis∣cernable. [ 30] That in those places of the Sea, to which the Moon is Vertical, the Flux and Re∣flux is greatest, except impediments. That the quantity of the Flux, and Reflux is inconstant in every place, and divers on several Days, and by so much the greater or lesser, by how much the Moon is more remote, or nearer to the place. The variety of peculiar, or proper Motions of the Sea, in which a certain part of the Ocean is either moved perpetually, or in some certain [ 40] Months is great and considerable. Now unto the special perpetual Motions of the parts of the Ocean also these do pertain, caused by great Ri∣vers discharging themselves therein. That the Motion of the Sea termed a Concussion, or Trem∣bling, is caused from a Spiration of Wind, which moveth the Earth, or Water it self, causing it to rise. The reason why the Pacifick Ocean is more Calm, and without great Floods or Waters, and the reason it is easily moved, and rough with [ 50] a Wind.

Chap. 15.—Folio 102.

TReats of LAKES, POOLS, MA∣RISHES, and the like, standing Wa∣ters; giving an Account thereof, and the reasons why some neither send forth, nor receive Rivers; of others that receive Rivers, but let out none; and others that both receive and let out Rivers. [ 60] That many Lakes contain Fresh Water, and but few Salt. That Marishes have a Sulphurous, Bitumenous Earth in them.

Chap. 16.—Folio 108.

TReats of RIVERS in General. That Torrents and Rivulets sometimes proceed from a quantity of Rain, and dissolved Snow. That most Rivers proceed from Fountains; but great Rivers have their original, either from the Congress of many Rivulets, and small Ri∣vers; or flow from Lakes and Marishes. That Rivers are very much augmented by frequent Rains, and dissolved Snow, and that in divers Seasons and Months of the Year. From whence Rivers are generated; and what may be the Original of that Water which floweth from Springs. That certain Rivers hide themselves in the midst of their passage under the Earth, and in another place rise up again, as it were new Rivers; and all Rivers do discharge themselves into the Sea, or else the one into the other, which at last emp∣tieth it self into the Sea. The reason why no Salt-Water Rivers are found, seeing that Salt Springs are found in many places. The reason why Rivers have, or acquire a greater Latitude in one part of them, than in another; and why some run with a more swift Current, and others with a more slow. Also why one River is car∣ried with a swift Current in once place, and a slow in another. That most Rivers have their Course in divers windings. The Water of Rivers carrieth with it many particles of various Metals, Minerals, Sands, and Oily, fat Bodies; and that the Waters of most Rivers differ in colour, gravity and other qualities. That some Rivers at a certain time every Year, are so augmented, that they over flow the adjacent Lands. The Rea∣son how Springs and Fountains break forth. Rules to know if a Spring or Well may be made there, and to know if the Water is good. That Whirl∣pools are found in the Channels of some Rivers. That River-Water is more light than that of the Sea.

Chap. 17.—Folio 130.

TReats of MINERAL WATERS, BATHS, and SPAWS. That no Water is pure, and elementary, but contains, or hath mixed Particles, such as are found in Ter∣restrial Bodies, as Oyls, Spirits, and the like, The reason how Mineral Waters are generated; for there are innumerable kinds of these Waters, according to the variety and diversity of the Par∣ticles which they contain of divers Minerals; some being acid or sowr, others hot, as Baths, others fat and Oily, others bitter, others cold, others Poysonous, and others Salt.

Chap. 18.—Folio 142.

TReats of the mutations, of the Places of the Water, and Land, or of the mutations of Watery Superficies into the Earthy, or the contrary. To know the Superficies of the Earth, which the Water possesseth, how great it is, and that which the Earth occupieth. That the Super∣ficies of the Water, as also of the Land is not

at all times of the same Magnitude, but some∣times greater, and sometimes lesser; and that when one augmenteth, the other diminisheth. The Water may leave the Shoar for divers causes, and become dry Ground; likewise Rivers leave their Channel, or Shoar, and afford new Land; Lakes are also dried up, and become Land; Streights are exsiceated, and changed into Isth∣musses or Continents; and Bays, or Gulphs, in course of time become dry places. The gene∣ration [ 10] of Sandy-Banks in the Sea, and elsewhere. Islands are produced in the Sea, and Rivers, after the same Mode that Sand-Banks are: yet Islands may proceed from Sand-Banks, although made after another Mode. That the Ocean now pos∣sesseth part of the Land which formerly it did not. The reason why in the middle of the Ocean no Islands are found.

Chap. 19.—Folio 154. [ 20]

TReats of the ATMOSPHAERE and AIR. That from the Parts of the Earth, as well Dry as Moist, or from the Earth and Water, Vapours and Fumes do continually ex∣hale into that Space which is about the Earth. The Atmosphaere is a Space about the whole Earth, in which the Exhalations raised from the Earth are always present; and it is uncertain whether any Thing or Body else be contained [ 30] in it, besides these Exhalations; and sometimes more, sometimes less Exhalations are drawn from the Earth, especially in divers places. The Exhalations which constitute the Atmosphaere are of divers kinds (especially in sundry Regions) viz. Waters, Saltish, Earthy, Sulphurous, and Spi∣rituous. The least Particles of the Air, and those all insensible repel and reflect the Rays, as a Looking-Glass; but some of the Particles of the Air being sensible and compounded, do [ 40] transmit many Rays, but reflect fewer; others (on the contrary) transmit fewer Rays, and re∣flect more. Exhalations do not ascend of them∣selves, and of their own nature upwards, but are forced by a violent Motion; or the Air is not light but heavy, in a proper Mode of Expres∣sion. The upper parts of the Atmosphaere are more subtile than the lower, yet it may so come to pass, that the middle parts may be more gross and condensed, than the lower parts [ 50] about the Earth. The Atmosphaere, or Air, be∣ing heated, possesseth more Space than before. Instructions to make a Thermometer, Thermoscope, or Weather-Glass, to discover the Mutations of the Air in Heat and Cold. The serene Air may be so carried by a most vehement Fire, that it may occupy a Space 70 times greater than it did before: on the contrary, it may be so con∣densed in a Wind-Gun, that it may only possess a 60th part of the former Space; but the heat [ 60] of the Sun bringeth not so great a Rarification, or the cold so great a Condensation to the Air. The reason why the places in the Frigid Zone, at the time in which the Sun ariseth not altoge∣ther unto them, on some days the Air is serene. but for the most part foggy. Whether the Al∣titude of the Atmosphaere above the Earth, be the same in all places at one and the same time, and whether its Figure be Sphaerical. That Con∣densations, or Rarefaction of Air changeth not its Altitude. By how much the Air is the more cold, by so much the more it is condensed; and therefore the more condensed in the Winter. By how much that place of the Earth unto which the Sun is vertical recedeth to the Pole, by so much the less distant the place of the Air is from the Earth, in which the Rain, Snow, and Hail begin to be generated. The Atmosphaere, or Air, causeth the Sun, or the rest of the Stars and Planets to be seen before they arise in the Horizon, also to appear higher than they are. By how much the Air is thicker, by so much the more the Star is depressed beneath the Horizon, when it first begins to appear; and by how much the Air is lower, by so much the Star is the more depressed beneath the Horizon. The reflection of the Rays of the Sun from the Par∣ticles of the Air is the chief cause of the Twi∣light, that is, of the Light before the rising, and after the setting of the Sun; from which Twi∣light the Altitude of the Air may be found. To find the Altitude of the Clouds by a Geodetical dimension. That the Air in some places hath some things peculiar.

Chap. 20.—Folio 179.

TReats of the WINDS in general, and the QVARTERS of the WORLD. The Wind is a commotion of the Air, sensible by touch, or with some force. Most Winds tend from one Quarter to the opposite Quarter, and force Bodies with them. A Quarter is an ima∣ginary Point, extended from any place of the Earth perpendicularly, towards one Point of those which circularly stand about that place. These Quarters are infinite in number, seeing that Plains may be drawn through every Point of the Horizon, but 32 only have Names ascribed to them; which said 32 Points or Quarters are equally distant one from another. The causes of the Winds are various; for seeing that the Wind is nothing but a continued protraction of the Air, all those things that are able to effect such a protrusion will be the cause of Winds. Why the Winds blow by an interrupted force, so that sometimes they cease, and at other times (as it were) with redoubled strength, they return with the greater importunity; and the reason that they seem more continually to blow on the Sea, so that it is discovered less calm. The reason that Westerly-Winds are less frequent than Easterly; and the Northern and Eastern Winds are more impetuous and stormy, and on the contrary the Southern and Western more calm: Also why the Southern and Western Winds are more hot than those of the North, or East. Why from the sight of a Cloud of a pale and duskish colour, a Wind proceeds from that Quar∣ter. Why in the Spring and Autumn the Winds are more frequent, and stronger than in the hot Summer, or cold Winter. Unto what Space one and the same Wind may extend it self.

Chap. 21.—Folio 187.

TReats of the WINDS in particular, and of TEMPESTS. That one Wind is constant, and another inconstant; one Wind is general, and another particular. Some Winds are Periodical and fixed, others wandring and Er∣ratick. Of the most noted Winds: The Ete∣sian Winds, that are Anniversary in Greece, pro∣ceed [ 10] from Rain and Snow dissolved on the Moun∣tains. Some Winds are proper, and almost per∣petual to some place, others are ceasing. Unto the Periodical, or State-Winds, appertain those also termed Day-Winds, which in some Regions, and at a certain time of the Year blow for some hours every day. By how much you draw near the Aequator from the Artick-Pole, by so much the North-Winds are found to be less vigo∣rous; and having past the Aequator in part of [ 20] the South Continent Southern Winds are vigo∣rous, which in these places are cold and dry. There are differences of Winds, some are sudden, impetuous, and violent, not continuing long; An Exhydrias, is a Wind breaking from a Cloud with great abundance of Water; A Ty∣phon, is a violent Wind passing swiftly through all the Quarters about a place, and for the most part rushing from the top. Whether that a cer∣tain Wind may arise from the flowing of the [ 30] Sea, and of the Rivers. Why Ignes-fatui, Castor. and Pollux, and Helena, are amongst Tempests. Why there is so frequent a Calm in the Sea near Guiny, and under the Aequator, in the Atlantick Ocean, between America and Africa. That in some Regions the Tempests are Anniversary.

In the Second Part, being GENE∣RAL [ 40] GEOGRAPHY.

Treats of the Affections of the Places of the Earth, depending on the apparent Motion of the Stars.

Chap. 22.—Folio 203. [ 50]

TReats of Things necessary to be fore∣known in Geography.

Chap. 23.—Folio 207.

OF the LATITVDE of Places, and the Elevation of the Pole. Shewing, that the Latitude of a place in the Superficies of the Earth is the distance of the same from the Aequator. That [ 60] the Elevation of the Pole of any place, or above the Horizon of any place, is called the Arch of the Coelestial Meridian of that place intercepted between one and the other Coelestial Pole, and the Horizon of that place. The place being given in the Superficies of the Globe, so to constitute the Globe, that the Wooden Horizon may be the Horizon of that place. A place being given in the Superficies of the Globe, or the Latitude of any place being given, to shew all the places of the Earth, which may have the same Latitude, or Distance from the Aequator, or Elevation of the Pole; or to find all the places of the Earth, which may have the distance given from the Aequator. How to find the Meridian, and Point of the North and South in the given place of the Earth. To place a Globe, so that the Car∣dines of the same, may respect the Cardines of the Earth, that is, that the Brazen Meridian may be seated in the true Meridian of the Place. To find the Latitude of the place from the Hea∣ven, or the Elevation of the Pole above the Ho∣rizon of any place by the benefit of the Stars. The places of the Earth (under the Aequator) have no Latitude, but both Poles lye in their Horizon. The places under the Poles have the Latitude of 90 Degrees; viz. the Pole in the Vertex, and the Aequator in the Horizon. The places between the Poles and the Aequator, have a less Latitude than 90 Degrees.

Chap. 24.—Folio 213.

TReats of the Division of the Earth into ZONES; and the Caelestial Appearances in the divers Zones; Shewing, that from the proper or Annual Motion of the Sun, there ari∣seth a certain Division of the Superficies of the Earth into five Zones, as already treated of; and that the Aequator of the Earth passeth through these places there taken notice of. In the places that lye in the Tropicks, the Sun once a Year is only vertical on the Meridies, or Noon∣stead; but in places under the Torrid Zone he is vertical twice a Year, viz. two Days, which are equally distant from the longest Day. But in places without the Torrid Zone, and seated with∣out the Tropicks, the Sun never in any Day of the Year is vertical. To Places seated in either of the Frigid Zones, the Sun every Year (some Day or other) setteth not, and so many Days riseth not; and that so many Days the more, by how much those Days are nigh the Poles; so that in a whole place of the Pole for six Months it setteth not, and riseth not to another. But in places in the Artick and Antartick Circle the Sun setteth not one Day in the Year, and one Day riseth not; but other Days it sets and riseth. That in Places seated without the Frigid Zone, that is, in the Temperate, or Torrid Zones, the Sun every Day riseth and setteth.

Chap. 25.—Folio 220.

TReats of the LONGITVDE of the Days in divers places of the Earth; and of the Division of the Earth into Climates, which proceed from them. That in two Days of the Year are the Aequinoxes, or the Night is equal to the Day in all places of the Earth. In places seated in the Aequator, the Days and Nights are always equal: In the places of the Poles there is only one Day and one Night in the whole Year: Now the Day is longer than the Night in

the North Pole, and in the South Pole, the Day is shorther than the Night. In places lying beneath the Aequator, and the Pole, no Days are equal to the Nights, except the two Days of the Aequino∣ctial, all the rest being either greater, or lesser than the Nights. In all places seated between the Aequator, and the Pole Artick, the longest Day and shortest Night, is when the Sun enters the first Degree of Cancer; and the shortest Day and longest Night, is when the Sun enters the first [ 10] Degree of Capricorn; but in the places seated be∣tween the Aequator and the Antartick Pole, it is just contrary; And whilst the Sun in the Northern Places, moveth from the first Degree of Capri∣corn, to the first of Cancer, the Days encrease; and whilst he moveth from the first of Cancer, to the first of Capricorn, decreaseth; but in Nor∣thern Places quite contrary, encreasing from the first of Cancer to the first of Capricorn, and de∣creasing from the first of Capricorn to the first of [ 20] Cancer. All places of the Earth, seated in one and the same Parallel have all the Days of the Year equal, and therefore the same quantity of the longest Day. If more places of the Earth, be taken from the Aequator towards the Pole, whose distance from the Aequator equally aug∣menteth from one Degree to, 10, 20, 30, or 40, the longest Days in these places shall not be e∣qually greater, or not equally augment; but they shall more augment in places more remote, and [ 30] where the place is more near the Pole. How to compose a Table of the Climates, with a Table thereof, and its use.

Chap. 26.—Folio 231.

TReats of the LIGHT, HEAT, COLD, and RAINS, in divers parts of the Earth, or Zones, with other Properties of the Zones, as the Seasons of the Year, and the [ 40] reason thereof. That in the places in the Tem∣perate and frigid Zones, the Seasons of the Year, are almost equal, consisting of an equal number of Days; But in the places of the Tor∣rid Zone, they are unequal. In places of the Torrid Zone, as the Sun by Day is very near the Vertex, so on the contrary by Night he is be∣neath the Horizon, and very much removed from the Vertex of those places; so that those places by Night, lie almost in the middle Shadow of the [ 50] Earth; neither can the Air possibly any ways be warmed by the Suns Rays by frequent reflect∣ion. In places of the Frigid Zone as the Sun by Day is not very nigh the Vertex, so by Night he doth not profoundly remain beneath the Ho∣rizon; but for the greatest part of the Night doth so turn round beneath the Horizon, that many Rays from him by reflection do penetrate into the Air. And in places in the Temperate Zone, as the Sun by Day cometh to the Vertex, of those [ 60] places by a moderate vicinity, so by Night by an easy distance he is depressed beneath the Horizon; so that some Rays at least are in the Air. In Places of the Torrid Zone the Twilights are small, very long in those of the Frigid, and moderate in those of the Temperate Zone. Rea∣sons given to shew how the four Seasons of the Year are made, and behave themselves, and in what Months of the Year they commence in the divers places of the Zones.

Chap. 27.—Folio 259.

TReats of the SHADOWS, which the Bodies erected in the Earth, and illumi∣nated by the Sun do cast, and of the Division of the Earth, arising from thence. That Sha∣dows of Bodies, erected above the Horizontal Plain, fall upon the Quarter opposite to it, in which the Sun existeth. In places seated in the Aequator the Meridian Shadow falls half the Year towards the North, the other half towards the South. In the places seated in the Aequator, the Shadow of the Stile perpendicularly erected in the whole Days of the Aequinoxes, remains in one right Line, whether before Noon, it be continually cast into one Quarter of the West, or after Noon into a Quarter of the East; Now in the other Days of the Year the Shadow is carried round into the Semicircle. The Longitude of the Shadows decreaseth, the Altitude of the Sun in∣creasing; and on the contrary the Altitude of the Sun decreasing, the Shadow increaseth. By how much the places of the Earth, every Day are more remote from the Aequator, or from the Parallel of the Sun, by so much the more, both the Meri∣dian Shadow as well as the Shadows of the rest of the Hours, are longer. Directions from the Ae∣quinoctial NightDyal, as also the Horizontal Scioterick, or Horizontal Plain.

Chap. 28.—Folio 269.

TReats of the comparison of the CELS∣TIAL AFFECTIONS, in divers places of the Earth; shewing that those who live in the same Semicircle of the same Meridian, have also the same Merides, or 12 Hours; and also reckon together all the other Hours. Those that dwell in divers Hemisphaeres of the Earth, which the Aequator makes, or those that live in the divers Quarters of the Aequator, have contrary Seasons of the Year, at the same time, and the same Seasons in a different time of the Year; so that in one Hemisphaere it is Winter, when in the other it is Summer. Those who live in the North Hemisphaere of the Earth, when they turn their Faces towards the Aequator, the East is on their left Hand, and the West on the right, the South before them, and the North be∣hind them: And those that live in the South He∣misphaere the Stars rise on their right Hand, and set on their left. Those who live in the same Parallel of the same Earth, have every Day and Night equal; every one of the Stars also remains an equal time above their Horizons, the same Stars never set, the same Stars never rise; the Sun every Day, and also all the Stars rise and set to them in the same Quarter; and in the same Hour also the Stars are equally elevated above the Horizon, or depressed beneath it; They have the same Pole equally elevated; their Faces being turned to the Aequator, or the same Pole, the Stars rise to them from the same side: they have the same Seasons

of the Year, and at the same time, except the singular properties of some places.

Chap. 29.—Folio 272.

TRreats of the Computation of time in the divers places of the Earth, wherein are divers Questions stated, and resolved, concern∣ing time, or the Hour of the Day of several Na∣tions, and places. [ 10]

Chap. 30.—Folio 280.

TReats of the various rising, setting, Altitude of the Sun, and other appearances in the divers parts of the Earth; shewing how to place or hang a Terrestrial Globe so, that when the Sun shines, those parts of the Globe, may be illum∣nated which the Sun enlightneth in the Earth, at any time; and that it also may appear, unto [ 20] what People the Sun riseth, and to whom it set∣teth; to whom it makes the Meridies, and to whom it is quite absconded; to what place it is vertical. Also to find the place of the Sun in the Ecliptick, and the Day of the Year; Also the Hour of the place. That the Globe being so placed when the Moon shines, to whom it ariseth, to whom setteth, and to whom vertical. By how much the places of the Earth, are remote from the Parrallel of the Sun on any Day, by so [ 30] much the more the Sun is elevated to a lesser Altitude in the same Hours above their Horizons: Also by how much the places of the Earth are remote from the Aequator, or more near the Pole, by so much the more the Parts of the Horizon are distant, in which the Sun riseth on the Day of the Solstice, and the Day of the Winter; as also those in which he setteth: The same is true con∣cerning the Moon, and all the Planets. Stars pla∣ced between the Parallel of any place (being [ 40] without the Aequator) and the Pole, are less ele∣vated above the Horizon, of the places between this Parallel, and the other Pole of those situated there, then above the Horizon of the places seat∣ed between the Parallel, and the neerer Pole. In places seated in and near the Aequator, the Sun and Stars directly ascend above the Horizon, even to the Meridian, and so descend again: But in places above the Aequator they ascend and de∣scend obliquely; and so much the more, by [ 50] how much the place is more remote from the Aequator. By how much the place is more re∣mote from the Aequator, by so much the more the Signs of the Zodiack, and other Constellations, require the greater time to rise and set; and they pass through the Meridians of all places at an equal time, with several Questions laid down, and resolved, relating to the Rising, Setting, and Altitude of the Sun. [ 60]

In the Third Part of GENE∣RAL GEOGRAPHY, to wit, the Comparative Part, Treats of the Affections from comparing of Places.

Chap. 31.—Fol. 291.

TReats of the LONGITVDE of Places. Shewing, that Nature hath put no begin∣ning or end to the Dimension of the Earth, or of the extension from West to East, or according to the Aequator; but all and every one of the Places may be taken for a beginning, and the first Meridian may be placed in them. The La∣titude and Longitude of any place, or the distance of any place from the Aequator, or a certain Meridian being given, which is found in Maps, or Globes, to exhibit the Situation and Point of that place on the Maps, or Globes. The Sun, Stars, and all the Points conceived in the Hea∣vens, are every Hour removed, or recede 15 De∣grees from the Meridian of any place, in one Scruple of an Hour, which is the 1/60 part, they are removed 15 Minutes, and so in four Scruples they recede one Degree. With other Questions proposed, relating to the Longitude of Places.

Chap. 32.—Folio 309.

TReats of the mutual Situation of Places, and composition of the TERRESTRIAL GLOBE, and MAPS; Shewing, that a place being given in the Earth, how to find the Situa∣tion of other places at that place. That a Place being given on the Earth, or Globe, to exhibit all those places, at which the given Place hath some one given Situation, or Quarter. Directions to make a Terrestrial Globe; and how to compose Geographical Maps.

Chap. 33.—Folio 335.

TReats of the Distance of Places; Shewing, That two Points or Places being given on the Globe, to draw a Line or Arch from one to the other, which may be part of the greatest Periphery of the Globe; or to describe on the Superficies or Periphery of the greatest Circle, which may pass through the two given Points. That the distance of two places on the Super∣ficies of the Earth is very short, or the shortest way from one place to the other, is only one (except the places of the Antipodes) viz. the Arch of the greatest Periphery, which is intercepted between those two places. The Distances of Places are not changed. No Maps of the Earth are distant a greater Interval than 2700 German Miles, whereof 15 are said to be a Degree; for the Distance of the Antipodes is 2700 German Miles, or 180 Degrees. The reason why the Itinerary Distance is greater than the true, or short and Geographical. The Latitude and Lon∣gitude

of two places being given, to find their Distance.

Chap. 34.—Folio 342.

TReats of the Visible and Sensible HORI∣ZON. That the Stature of a Man being given from the Foot to the Eye, and the Semi∣diameter of the Earth being given, to find out the Semidiameter of the Sensible Horizon. The [ 10] Altitude of the Eye being given on a Tower, or Mountain, to find the Distance of the last point unto which the Eye extends it self, or which the Eye can see. The Altitude of the Eye being given, and of some erected seen Magnitude, as a Tower, Mountain, or the Mast of a Ship, to find the Distance thereof from that of the Eye. The Refraction of Rays in the Air, augmenteth the apparent Semidiameter of the Sensible Horizon. [ 20]

Chap. 35.—Folio 342.

TReats of the three Parts of the Art of Navi∣gation, to wit, the Building of Ships, Lading them, and guiding or Navigating them from Port to Port. And this concludes the first Part, viz. of Varenius's Cosmography, and Geography. [ 30]

The Second Part, to wit, SAN∣SONS GEOGRAPHY, viz. Special Geography, Treats of these following Heads.

THe Subject of Special Geography, is to de∣scribe the Limits and Circumscription of Countreys, with their Latitudes, Longitudes, and Situation of Places; their Mountains, Vallies, Woods, Desarts, Forests; describing their Appel∣lation, Situation, &c. their Properties, with the things contained in them, as Mines, Minerals, &c. Their Waters, as the Sea, Lakes, Rivers, and Marshes; shewing their Springs, Inlets, Tracts, Cateracts, with the quality and nature thereof; their Capes, Bays, Sea-Ports, Cities, Towns, &c. Their Fertility, Sterility, and Soil. Their Fruits, Cattle, Fowl, Fish, and Insects; Their Inhabitants, as to their Original, their Stature, Life, Meat, Drink, and Habits; Their Customs, relating to Marriages, Children, Funerals, Laws, Religions, Government; Their Language or Speech; Their Arts, Manufactures, Commodities, and Traffick; Their Military Discipline, Force, and Arms; Their Vertues and Vices, Genius and Erudition; Their Memorable Histories, with their Famous Men and Women, Artificers, Inventions, &c.

These and the like Heads, being the Subject of Special Geography, being too capacious to be hand∣led in this small Tract, are thought fit rather to be omitted than to be only glanced upon; so that I refer the Reader to the above-said Book, as also to other famous Geographers; and so con∣clude with some necessary and useful Tables.

• The Earth is divided into Land, and Waters. The Su∣perficies of the Earth extant out of the Wa∣ter by the In∣terflux of the Sea, is distin∣guished into these four parts,
  • 1. Into great Conti∣nents or great Islands, of which four are rec∣koned by us.
    • 1. The Old World; whose parts are
      • Europe, Asia, and Africa.
        • The Bounds of this Continent are
          • On the North, the Frozen and Tartarian Ocean.
          • On the East, the Pacifick and Indian Ocean.
          • On the South, the Southern Ocean.
          • On the West the Atlantick Ocean.
    • 2. The New World, or America, whose parts are
      • Meridiona∣lis,
      • Septentrio∣nalis,
        • The bounds of it are
          • On the North, Davis Streights.
          • On the East, the Atlantick Ocean.
          • On the South, the Pacifick Ocean.
          • On the West, the Streights of Magel∣lan.
    • 3. The Polary North-land, or Greenland, is every were encompassed by the Sea and Streights.
    • 4. The South-land, and Land of Magellen, yet undiscovered.
  • 2. Into Penin∣suals, or Cher∣sonesus, which are parts of those Con∣tinents,
    • Round, whose Latitude and Longitude are equal about,
      • Africa it self.
      • Peloponesus, the Chersonesus of Grecia.
      • Chersonesus Taurica, or Tartaria Precopensis.
      • Cambaja.
    • Long, among which are
      • The Chersonesus of Malacca, adjoyning to India.
      • Cimbrica or Jutland, adhering to Holsatia.
      • Borea adjoyning to Tartaria.
      • The North and South parts of America.
      • California.
      • Jucatan.
      • The Chersonesus of Thracia.
      • Nova Francia.
      • Ionia, Cindensis, Mindensis.
    • Of Affinity to Peninsu∣las,
      • Italy, Greece, Acaia, Spain, Norway, Sweden, Lapland, Asia mi∣nor, Arabia, Beach a Region of Magellan, and New Guiney, Indostan, Cochinchina, New-England, Monomotapa, Camboia.
  • 3. I∣slands, which may be consi∣dered in four sorts, viz.
    • Great, as
      • England
      • Japan
      • Island
      • Canada
      • Sumatra.
        • Madagascar,
        • Borneo.
        • Nova Zembia.
        • California.
    • Indifferent, as
      • Sicilia
      • Ireland
      • Hispaniola
      • Cuba
      • Java Major
      • Celebes
      • Creet.
        • Luconia,
        • Sardinia,
        • Friesland,
        • Terra Nova,
        • Mindanoa,
        • Ceilan.
    • Small, as
      • Gilolo, Amboina, Timor.
      • Corsica, Majorca, Cyprus, Negropont.
      • Sealand, Jamaica.
    • The very small ones, in which we consider
      • 1. The more famous, Solitaria, Rhodes, Malta, Lemnos, Helena, St. Thomas.
      • 2. A knot, or heap of Isles together, as
        • The Canary Isles.
        • The Flandrian or Caribbe Isles.
        • The Hesperides.
        • Those of the Gulph of Mexico.
        • Of Maldives.
        • Of Japan.
        • About Madagascar.
        • The Mollucoes & Isles of Bauda
        • The Philippine Isles,
        • The Isles of Theeves.
        • The Isles in the Aegean Sea.
        • The Isles about England.
        • The Isles of Solomon.
  • 4. The Isthmusses,
    • Between Egypt and Arabia, or Africa and Asia.
    • That of Corinth between Peloponesus and Achaia.
    • The Isthmus of Panama or America the longest of all.
    • Between Jutland and Holsatia.
    • Between Malacca and India.

• On, or a∣bove the Surface of the Ter∣restrial Globe, and Maps of the World, ought to be understood and noted,
  • Ten Points; of which
    • Four are called Cardinal Points, as
      • the North, or the Pole Artick,
      • the South, or the Pole Antartick,
      • the East.
      • the West.
    • Four are called Collateral Points, as
      • the East of the Summer,
      • the East of the Winter,
      • the West of the Summer,
      • the West of the Winter.
    • And two, as above and Under us; as
      • the Zenith,
      • the Nadir.
  • Ten Circles, or Lines, of which
    • Five are Parallels, the one to the other, as
      • the Aequinoctial, or the Aequator.
      • the two Tropicks, as
        • the Tropick of Cancer,
        • the Tropick of Capricorn,
      • The two Polar Circles, as
        • the circle of the Pole Artick,
        • the circle of the Pole Antartick.
    • Five others are different the one from the other, as
      • in the middle of the Zodiack, as the Ecliptick.
      • the Horizon, as
        • the Horizon rational,
        • the Horizon feasible, or visible.
      • the Parallels, or the Degrees of Latitude.
      • the Meridians, or the Degrees of Longitude.
  • Two Co∣lures, in which are 4 Points, which note
    • our four Seasons of the year, to wit, above
      • the colures of the Aequinoxes, as
        • the Spring,
        • the Autumn.
      • the colures of the Solstices, as
        • the Summer,
        • the Winter.
      • one Torrid, or the Parching.
  • Three sorts of Zones, in which are five, to wit
    • two Temperate, as
      • the temperate Artick, or Northernly,
      • the temperate Antartick, or Southernly.
    • two Frozen, or Cold, as
      • the frozen Artick, or Northernly,
      • the frozen Antartick or Southernly▪
  • Three sorts of Shadows,
    • which diversly re∣receive the Inhabi∣tants of the five Zones, for they are
      • in the Torrid Zone Amphisciens.
      • in the Temperate Zones
        • Northernly, Northen Heterosciens,
        • Southernly, Southern Heterosciens.
      • in the Frozen Zones
        • Northenly, Northen Perisciens,
        • Southernly, Southern Perisciens.
  • 3 sorts of Positions, as
    • the Inhabitants about the same Parallel, opposite in Meridian, are Perioeciens.
    • the Inhabitants about one Meridian, opposed in their Parallels, are A••toeciens.
    • the Inhabitants opposed both in Meridians, and in Parallels, are Antipodes.
  • The Clima∣tes; of which
    • the Ancients first made seven
      • which they call by the most famous Places, Seas, and Rivers, by which they passed; as
        • dia (that is▪ through) Mer••es,
        • dia Sienes,
        • dia Alexandrias,
        • dia Rhodo••,
        • dia Pontou,
        • dia Boristeno••.
    • then nine, in adding
      • dia Ripheon,
      • dia Danias.
    • the Moderns made 30, to wit
      • between the Aequator and the Polar Circle 24, by half Hours.
      • between the Polar Circle, and the Pole 6, by Months.
  • The Pa∣rallels; which are
    • following the Ancients 14,
      • between the Aequator and Polar Circle 4••, by Quarters of Hours.
    • following the M••derns ••0,
      • between the Polar Circle and the Pole 12, by Fourteen Days.
  • The Winds; whereof the
    • 4 Firsts, and whereof the names are Monosylla∣bles, shall be called
      • Cardinal Winds, as
        • North,
        • South,
        • East,
        • West.
    • 4 Seconds, whereof the names are of two syllables, and composed of two of the four Firsts, shall be called
      • Collateral Winds, as
        • North-East,
        • North-West,
        • South-East,
        • South-West.
    • 8 Thirds; and have their names of three syllables, com∣posed of one of the four First, and of one of the four Seconds, as
      • North North-East,
      • North North-West,
      • South South-East,
      • South South-West,
      • East North-East▪
      • East South-West,
      • West North-west,
      • West South-west.
    • ...
      • North and a quarter by North east,
      • North, and a quarter by North-west,
      • North-east, and a quarter by North,
      • North-west, and a quarter by North.
    • 16 Fourths; taking their names from four Firsts, or four Seconds, in saying of one fourth part by the other, and that without having regard to the eight. Third Winds, &c. as it were
      • South and a quarter by South-east,
      • South, and a quarter by South-west,
      • South-east, and a quarter by South.
      • South-west, and a quarter by South.
    • ...
      • East, and a quarter by North-east,
      • East, and a quarter by South-east,
      • North-east, and a quarter by east▪
      • South-east, and a quarter by east▪
    • ...
      • West, and a quarter by North-west,
      • VVest, and a quarter by South-west,
      • North-west, and a quarter by west,
      • South-west, and a quarter by west.
  • The Mea∣sures; in which are to be consi∣dered, that
    • the least part that can be described upon the Terrestrial Globe, is a Point.
    • many Points, described and continued right the one to the other, make a Line.
    • twelve Lines, continued together, are esteemed to make an Inch, or Thumbs breadth.
    • twelve Inches, make a Foot.
    • two 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and half make a common Pace, and two common Paces a Geometrical Pace.
    • one hundred twenty five Geometrical Paces, make a Stade, or certain measure of ••round.
    • eight Stade••, or one thousand Geometrical Paces, is one thousand Roman Paces, or the Italian Mile
    • one thousand fifty six Geometrical Paces make an ••nglish Mile.
    • one thousand-two hundred sixty seven Paces make a Scotish Mile.
    • two thousand-four hundred, or 2500 Geometrical Paces, make a common League of France.
    • three thousand four hundred Geometrical Paces, or little more, make a Spanish League.
    • four thousand Geometrical Paces, make a Dutch League, or Mile.
    • five thousand Geometrical Paces, make a Swedish League, or Mile.
    • six thousand Geometrical Paces make an Hungarian Leagues, or Mile.
    • 24 or 25 French Leagues, or 60000 Geometrical Paces make, a degree of Latitude on the Aequator.
    • three hundred and sixty Degrees of Longitude on the Aequator, make the great Circle of the Terrestrial Globe.
    • the great Circle of the Terr, Globe, multiplyed by his Diameter, make the Superficies of the Terrestrial Globe.

• The Terres∣trial Globe hath all its Sur∣face in
  • LAND, which discover∣eth it self in
    • Two Conti∣nents; whereof
      • Ours, or the most Ancient and Su∣periour, contain∣eth three great parts, to wit,
        • Europe; where the Kingdoms or Countreys of
          • Turkey in Europe,
          • France,
          • Germany,
          • Low Countreys,
          • Poland,
          • Scandinavi••,
          • Russia, or Moscovi••.
        • Asia; where are the Kingdoms or parts of
          • Turkey in Asia,
          • Arabia,
          • Persia,
          • India,
          • China,
          • Tartaria.
        • Africa; where are the Kingdoms or Countreys of
          • Barbary,
          • Biledulgerid,
          • Egypt,
          • Sara, or Desart of Saara,
          • the Land of the Negroes,
          • Guinee,
          • Nubia,
          • the Emperour of the Abyssines,
          • Zanguebar,
          • Congno,
          • Monomotapa.
          • Caffreria,
      • The other, or New and Inferiour, is called AME∣RICA.
        • America Septentrionalis; where are the Kingdoms of
          • Canada, or New France,
          • New Mexico,
          • New Spain.
        • America Meridionalis; where are the Kings of
          • Peru,
          • Brazil,
          • Paragua.
    • Many Isles; of which the most fa∣mous are
      • About our Con∣tinent and
        • part of Europe; as those in
          • the Mediterranean Sea.
          • the VVestern Ocean, called the British
          • Isles.
        • part of Asia; as those of
          • Japon,
          • the Philippins,
          • the Moluccoes,
          • Sonde,
          • Ceyla••, and the Maldives, &c.
        • part of Africa; as those of
          • Madagascar, or St. Lawrence,
          • St. Thomas.
          • Cape Verd,
          • the Canaries, &c.
      • Between one and the the other Continent; as the Azores,
      • About the o∣ther Conti∣nient, and
        • towards America Septentrionalis; as those of
          • Terra Neuves,
          • California,
          • the Antilles.
        • towards America Meridionalis; the Magell••nick Isles.
      • And in some Lands and Isles, the most part unknown, towards the one and the other Pole; among the which are
        • Groenland, Izland, &c.
        • Terra Australis, Nova Guiney, &c.
  • WATER; which is found in
    • SEA; and which may be called
      • Ocean, about our Continent,
        • Oriental, or Indian; where are the Seas of
          • China,
          • India,
          • Arabia.
        • Southern, or Aethiopian; where are the Seas of
          • Barbaria, or of Zanguebar,
          • Cafreria,
          • Congo.
        • Western, or Atlantick; where are the Seas of
          • Guinee,
          • Cape Verd,
          • the Canaries,
          • Spain,
          • France,
          • Great Britany.
        • Northern, or Frozen; where are the Seas of
          • Denmark,
          • Moscovy,
          • Tartaria.
      • Sea, about the o∣ther Continents,
        • North-Sea, or Seas of
          • Canada, or New France,
          • Mexico, or New Spain,
          • Brazil.
        • Magellanick-Sea, or Seas of
          • Paraguay,
          • Magellanick.
        • Pacifick-Sea, or Seas of
          • Peru,
          • New Mexico.
      • Gulphs, or Seas,
        • between the Lands of our Continent
          • the Baltick Sea,
          • the Mediterranean Sea.
        • between the Lands of the other Continent
          • the Gulph of Mexico,
          • the Gulph of Hudson.
      • Lake, or Seas,
        • in the midst of our Continent, the Caspian Sea,
        • in the midst of the other Continent, the Lake, or Sea of Pa••ime.
      • Streights; to wit,
        • between the one and the other Contin. of Anian,
        • between the other Contin and the J. M. of Magellan.
        • between Europe and Africa of Gibraltar.
    • RIVERS; of which the most famous, are
      • In our Continent; as
        • In Europe,
          • the Tage,
          • the Loire,
          • the Rhine,
          • the Elbe,
          • the Danube,
          • the Boristene,
          • the Don, or Tauais,
          • the Volga.
        • In Asia,
          • the Tigre, and the Euphrates,
          • the Indus,
          • the Ganges,
          • the Quiam, or Jamsuquiam,
          • the Oby.
        • In Africa,
          • the Nile,
          • the Niger.
      • In America,
        • Septentrional; as
          • the River Canada, or St. Lawrence,
          • the River Paria, or Orinoque,
          • the River Amazones,
        • Meridional; as the River of Plates.

• The Water in the surface of the Terre∣strial Globe, is for the most part in
  • Seas; and which may be called
    • Ocean, and about our Conti∣nent, to wit, the
      • Indian, or Eastern, where are the
        • Sea of China,
        • Indian Sea,
        • Arabian Sea.
      • Aethiopian, or Southern, where∣in are the
        • Sea of Barbary, or of Zang••ebar,
        • Sea of Caffreria.
        • Sea of Congo.
      • Western, or Atlantick; where are the
        • Sea of Guinee,
        • Sea of Cape Verd.
        • Sea of the Canaries, or Gulph of Yeg••as,
        • Sea of Spain,
        • Sea of France,
        • Sea of Great Britain
      • Northern Frozen, or Scythick; where are the
        • Sea of Denmark, or Mourmanskoi-More,
        • Sea of Moscovy, or Petzorke-More,
        • Sea of Tartaria, or Niaren-More.
    • Sea, and about the other Conti∣nent, to wit, the
      • North, or
        • Sea of Canada, or New France.
        • Sea of Mexico, or New Spain.
        • Sea of Brazil, or North-Sea.
      • Megalanick, or
        • Sea of Paraguay,
        • Magellanick Sea,
        • Sea of Chili.
      • South, or Pacifick; or
        • Sea of Peru, or South-Sea,
        • Sea of California, or New Mexico,
  • ...
    • Between the one and the other Continent, and towards the Artick Pole, are
      • the Archipelague of St. Lazare,
      • the Sea of Groenland.
  • Bays, or Gulphs; among which
    • there, where the Ocean washeth them, and
      • about our Continent are these Gulphs and Seas, as the
        • Gulph of Nanquin,
        • Gulph of Cochinchina.
        • Gulph of Sian, or Cambogue,
        • Gulph of Bengala,
        • Gulph of Ormus, and Balsora,
        • Gulph of the Red-Sea, or Sea of Mecca,
        • Gulph of Aethiopia, or St. Thomas,
        • Gulph of Corea.
        • Sea of Guascagne,
        • White-Sea, or Bella-more.
    • there, where the Mediterranean Sea entreth, and
    • there, where the Baltick Sea entreth, and
      • within our Continent are these Gulphs and Seas, as the
        • Gulph of Lyon,
        • Gulph of Venice,
        • Archipelague, or White-Sea,
        • Sea of Marmora,
        • Black-Sea, or the Sea of Majeure,
        • Levant Sea.
        • Gulph of Bolnia,
        • Gulph of Findland,
        • Gulph of Rhiga,
        • Gulph of Dantzick,
        • Gulph of Lubeck.
    • there, where the Sea washeth them, and
      • about the other Continent are the
        • Gulph of Hudson,
        • Gulph of St. Lawrence,
        • Gulph of Mexico,
        • Gulph of Hondutas,
        • Gulph of Panama.
  • Streights; among which
    • there, where the Ocean and the Sea washeth, and
      • about the other Continent are these Streights, Seas, &c. as the
        • Streight of Anian,
        • Sea of Vermejo,
        • Streight of Magellan,
        • Nova Zembla,
        • Streight of Le Maire,
        • Channel of Bahama,
        • Streight of Hudson,
        • Streight of Davis.
      • about our Continent, are the
        • Streight of Nassau, or Vaygatz,
        • Pas, or Streight of Calais,
        • Streight of Bebelmandel,
        • Streight of Mocandan,
        • Streight of Manar,
        • Streight of Malace••,
        • Streight of Sonde.
    • there, where the Baltick Sea is, and
    • there, where the Mediterranean Sea is, and
      • in our Continent are the
        • Streight of Sound.
        • Streight of Belt.
        • Streight of Gibraltar,
        • Fars, or Haven of Messi••s,
        • Euripe, or Tourn passage of Negroponte,
        • Streight of Gallipoli, or the Dardanelles,
        • Streight of Constantinople, or Channel of the Black-Sea,
        • Streight of Caff••, or Vospero.
  • Lakes; and which may be called
    • Seas; as
      • in our Continent, the
        • Sea of Bachu, or Sala,
        • Sea of Zabaque, or Tana.
      • in the other Continent, the Lake, or Sea of Parime.
    • Lakes; as
      • in Europe, the
        • Lake of Earne,
        • Lake of Werner,
        • Lake of Ladoga,
        • Lake of Geneve,
        • Lake of Constance,
        • Lake of Balaton,
        • Lake of Majeur.
      • in Asia, the
        • Lake of Sodom, or the Dead-Sea,
        • Lake of Astamar, or Vasta••,
        • Lake of Burgian,
        • Lake of Kithay,
        • Lake of Chiamay,
        • Lake of Cincui-Hay.
      • in Africa, the
        • Lake of Zaire, and Zambe••e,
        • Lake of Zafflan,
        • Lake of Niger,
        • Lake of Bouchaira.
      • in America
        • Septnonal, the
          • great Lake of Canada,
          • Lake of Mecho••can,
          • Lake of Chapal••,
          • Lake of Mexico,
          • Lake of Nicaragua.
        • Meridional, the
          • Lake of Maracaybo,
          • Lake of Titicaca,
          • Lake of ••upana, or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 los ••arajes.

• The most famous RIVERS
  • In our Conti∣nent, and its Isles, are, to∣wit in
    • EUROPE, and in the Kingdoms, Countreys or Regions of
      • Spain; as
        • the Douro,
        • the Tagus,
        • the Guadian••,
        • the Guadalquivir,
        • the Ebro; or Iberus,
      • Italy; as
        • the Tiber,
        • the Arno,
        • the Po.
      • Turkey in Europe; as
        • the Danube, or Donaw,
        • the D••in,
        • the Orfee, or Alfee,
        • the Vardar,
        • the Marize.
      • France; as
        • the Loire,
        • the Garone,
        • the Rhosne,
      • Low-Countreys; as
        • the Seyne.
        • the Eseault,
        • the Meuse.
      • Germany; as
        • the Rhine,
        • the Weser,
        • the Elbe,
        • the Oder.
      • Poland; as
        • the Weisser, or Vistule,
        • the Niemen,
        • the Duns, or Dawina,
        • the Niester,
        • the Nieper, or Boristene.
      • Sweden; as the Torne.
      • Moscovia; as
        • the Wolga,
        • the Dwine,
        • the Don, or Tana.
      • England; as
        • the Thames,
        • the Severn,
        • the Trent.
      • Scotland; as the ••ay.
      • Ireland; as the Shennon.
    • ASIA, and in the Kingdoms, Countreys, or Regions of
      • Turkey, in Asia, as
        • the Euphrates, the Pactolus.
        • the Tyg••is, the Acheion,
        • the Jordaine, the Orontes,
        • the Lali, the Chrysorhous,
      • Georgia, as the Araxes, and the Farza.
      • Arabia, as the Caybar, and the Astau••
      • Persia; as
        • the Tirit••ri, the Gehun,
        • the Bendimir, and the Tostar.
      • India; as
        • the Indus, the Tapta,
        • the Ganges, the Gemeni,
        • the Mecon, and the Pegu.
      • China; as the Quiam, or Jamsuquiam.
      • Tartaria; as
        • the Oby, the Gehan,
        • the Tartar, the Palisanga,
        • the Jeniscey, the Albiamu,
        • the Chesel, and the Jaick.
    • AFRICA, and in the Kingdoms, Countreys, or Regions of
      • Morocco; as the Tensift, and the Susus.
      • Fez; as
        • the Ommiraby, Suba,
        • the Mullulus, and the Cherser.
      • Barbary; as
        • the Mulvia, the Maber,
        • the Magrada, the Capes,
        • the Rio Major, the Chol,
        • the Suffegmarus, the Masurius,
        • the Teffsisus, and the Min••.
      • Aegypt; as the Nile.
      • Bilidulgerid; as
        • the Suz, the Buzedora,
        • the Darha, and the Albus.
      • Zaara; as the Ghir, and the Equestris.
      • the Negroes; as
        • the Niger, which is divided in
          • the Senega, the Gambia,
          • the Rio Grande, and the Cano.
      • Higher Aethiopia, as
        • the Quilmanci, Nubia,
        • the Zaire, and the Marabus.
      • Lower Aethiopia; as
        • the Zambere, divided in
          • the Curama, the Barame,
          • the Spiritu Sancto,
          • the Rio dos Infante••.
  • In the o∣ther Con∣tinent, or in
    • AMERICA Septentrio∣nale and in the King∣doms, Coun∣treys, &c. of
      • Canada, or New France; as those of
        • Canada, or St. Lawrence,
        • Toppahanock, Penobscot,
        • Pautunxat; Nansamud,
        • Chesapeac, or Pouhatan, May,
        • la Trinite, Apamatuck,
        • Pamanuc, and Patavomeck,
      • Florida; as those of
        • Rio de Flores: Rio de Spirito Sancto,
        • Rio de Neives, and Rio grande.
      • Mexico, or New Spain; as those of
        • Spiritu Sancto towards the East,
        • Spiritu Sancto towards the West.
        • Panuco, Guaxacoalco.
        • Baranja, Zacatula,
        • Desaguadero of Nicaragua.
    • AMERICA Meridionale, and in the Kingdoms, Countreys, &c. of
      • Terra Firma, Guiana, and Peru; as those of
        • Darien, Viapoco,
        • St. Martha, Cayanna,
        • Corritine, Brebice,
        • Ori••eque, Apuruvaca,
        • Essequebe, Madelai••e,
        • Desaguadero of Peru.
      • Brazil; as those of
        • Orethane, or the Amazon••,
        • Maragnon, or Miari,
        • Taboucorou, Rio Janiero,
        • Rio grande, or Potengi,
        • Rio Real, Parayba.
      • Paraguay; as those of Paraguay, or de la Plat••.

• All the King∣doms, Regions, Coun∣tries, Isles, &c. in the World, may be compre∣hended under these two Heads, viz.
  • Known
    • Ancient∣ly, and in our Con∣tinent; as
      • EUROPE, with its Kingdoms, Estates, Isles, &c. may be considered in three times three parts, and then
        • The three most Sou∣thern parts, are the Kingdoms, Estates, and Isles of
          • Spain and Portugal, with its Isles of Majorca, Minorca, &c.
          • Italy, with its Estates and Isles of Sicily, Sardinia, Cor∣sica, Isles of Naples, &c.
          • Turkey in Europe, with its Estates and Isles.
        • The three Innermost parts, and within the Continent, are the Kingdoms and E∣states of
          • France.
          • Germany, and Belgium, with its several Estates; as the Swisses, the Grisons, &c.
          • Poland, with its several Estates, towards the Danube; as Transylvania, Moldavia, &c.
        • The three most Nor∣thern parts, or King∣doms and Isles of
          • Great Britain, and Ireland.
          • Scandinavia, or
            • Denmark,
            • Sweden,
            • Norway.
          • Moscovy, with its Dutchies and Kingdoms.
      • ASIA, with its King∣doms, Coun∣treys, Isles, &c. as they are found
        • In firm Land; as
          • Turkey in Asia, with its Countreys, Isles, &c.
          • Georgia.
          • Arabia.
          • Persia.
          • India, as it is divided into the
            • Empire of the Great Mogul.
            • Peninsula of India, within the Ganges.
            • Peninsula of India, without the Ganges.
          • China.
          • Tartaria.
          • the Land of Jesso.
          • the Land of Papous.
        • In Isles; as
          • In the Ocean; as the
            • Isles of Japon.
            • Isles of Larrons.
            • Isles of Sonde.
            • Philippine Isles.
            • Isles of Ceylan, and the Maldives.
          • In the Mediterranean Sea; as
            • in the Levant Sea.
            • in the Archipelago.
          • About China, Persia, Arabia, &c.
      • AFRICA, with its Kingdoms, Isles, &c. as it is divided and found in
        • Africa, or Lybia
          • Exterior, or outwards; as
            • Barbary,
            • Bilidulgerid,
            • Aegypt.
          • Interior, or inwards; as
            • Zaara, or Desart,
            • the Countries of the Negroes,
            • Guinee.
        • Aethio∣pia,
          • Higher; as
            • Nubia,
            • Aethiopia, or the Empire of the Abyssines.
          • Lower; as
            • Congo,
            • Monomotapa,
            • Caffres.
        • And di∣vers Isles, which are found
          • In the Mediterranean Sea; as the Isle of Malta, &c.
          • In the Western Ocean; as
            • the Canary Isles,
            • the Isles of Cape Verd,
            • the Isles of St. Thomas.
          • In the Eastern Ocean; as
            • the Isle of Madagascar,
            • the Isle of Zocotora, &c.
    • Lately, and in the other Conti∣nent; as
      • AMERICA, with its Kingdoms, Regions, Countries, Isles, &c. as they are divided and found in
        • America Septen∣trionale; as
          • Canadian, or
            • the Artick Lands; as
              • Groenland,
              • Estotiland,
              • Izland, &c.
            • Canada, or New France, with its Estates, Isles, &c. Florida.
          • Mexican, or
            • Mexico, or New Spain, with its Audiences of
              • Mexico,
              • Guadalajara,
              • Guatemala, and
              • St. Domingo.
            • the Caribbe Isles.
        • America Meridio∣nale; as
          • Peruvian, or
            • Terra Firma, with its Estates, Provinces, and Isles.
            • Guiana.
            • Peru, with its Audiences of
              • Quito,
              • Lima,
              • De la Plata.
            • Chili, with its Jurisdictions.
          • Brasilian, or
            • Brazil, with its Capitanes,
            • Paraguay, or Rio de la Plata, with its Parts or Provinces
            • the Megallanick Land, &c.
  • Unknown, or not fully dis∣covered, and li••th either under the
    • Artick, or Antartick
      • Circles; as
        • Nova Guinea,
        • Terra del Fuego,
        • Maletur.
        • Psittacorum Regio, and the like feigned Names and Places.

• EUROPE, with its Kingdoms, Isles, &c. may be considered in three times three parts; and then
  • The three most Southern parts, are
    • SPAIN, with its Kingdoms or Principalities, &c.
      • Castile, Madrid,
      • Leon, Leon,
      • Navar, Pampelona,
      • Biscay, Bilboa,
      • Ast••rie, Ovideo,
      • Gallicia, St. Jago de Compostell••,
      • Portugal, Lisbon,
      • Algarve, Pharo,
      • 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Sevil,
      • Granada, Granada,
      • 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Murcia,
      • Arragon, Caragosa,
      • Valencia, Valencia,
      • Ca••alonia▪ Barcelona,
      • the Isles of Baleares, Majorca.
    • ITALY, with its several Estates and Principalities; the Chief of which are
      • Pledmont, Turin,
      • Millain▪ Millain,
      • Genoua, Genoua,
      • Monteferat Alba,
      • Parma, Parma,
      • Mantua, and Modena, Mantua,
      • Venice▪ Venice,
      • Placenza, Placenza,
      • Toscany, Florence,
      • Estates of the Church, Rome,
      • Trent, Trent,
      • Naples, Naples,
      • Isle of Sicily, Messina,
      • Isle of Sardiny, Calari,
      • Isle of Corsica, Bastia.
    • TURKEY, (in EUROPE,) with its several E∣states; the Chief of which are those of
      • Bosnia, Jay••za▪
      • Transilvania, Waradin,
      • Servie, Belgrad,
      • Bulgaria, Sophia,
      • Moldavia, Zaccania,
      • Walachia, Targovisco,
      • Romania. Constantinople,
      • Macedonia, Salon••chi,
      • Albania, Durazzo,
      • Thes••alie, Ar••icho,
      • Epi••e, Ferveza,
      • Achaia, Selines,
      • Peloponnesus, Fetras,
      • Dalmatia, Rhag••sa.
      • Sclavonia, 〈◊〉〈◊〉,
      • Illyris, Zatha,
      • Croatia, Wi••itz.
  • Toge∣ther with several Isles, as they lye in the
    • Aegean, or Grecian Seas, as Negropont, Crete, the Isles of Cyclades, & Sporades.
    • Ion••an Seas, as Zant, Zeffalonia, Cor••u, and C••rigo.
    • Adriatick Seas, as Zara, Lesina, Curzoia, Lissa, Vegea, and Cherso▪
  • The three In∣nermost parts, and within the Con∣tinent, are
    • FRANCE, with its Twelve Governments, or Gene∣ral Estates; viz.
      • Picardy, Amien••,
      • Normandy, Roan, or Rov••••,
      • Isle of France, Paris,
      • Champagne, Troy••,
      • Bretagne, Nantes,
      • Orlenois, Orleance,
      • Bourgogne, Dijon,
      • Lyonnois, Lyon,
      • Guye••ne and Gascogne, Bourdeaur,
      • Languedoc, Toulouse,
      • Provence, Marseille,
      • Daup••••n, Grenoble.
    • The several Estates, which lye be∣tween
      • France,
        • the Cathol. Low Country Anvers,
        • Lorrain, Metz,
        • the French County, Besans••ns,
        • Savoy, Cambery.
      • Germany,
        • the Low Countreys, or Amsterdam,
        • the United Provinces, Rotte••dam,
        • the Swisses, 〈◊〉〈◊〉
        • the Grisons, Coire.
    • GERMANY, with its several Estates and Principa∣lities; the Chief of which are
      • On this side the Rhine, Antwerp,
      • Upon the Rhine, Strasbourg,
      • Westphalia, Munster,
      • Franconia, Noremberg,
      • Sovabe, Ausbourg,
      • Bavaria, Munchen,
      • Austria, Vienna,
      • Bohemia, Prague,
      • Higher Saxony, Dris••en,
      • Brandenbourg, Berlio,
      • Pomerania, Stet••••,
      • Lower Saxony, Hamburgh.
    • POLAND, with its several Estates; the Chief of which are
      • Polonia, Cracow,
      • Prussia, Dant••ick,
      • Mazovia, War••aw,
      • Lithuania, Wilna,
      • Volhynia, Kyo••ia,
      • Cujavia, Brez••ti,
      • Polaquie, Biel••k,
      • Podolia, Kam••eniec,
      • Russia Nigra, Loewenberg.
    • And some Estates or Principalities, towards the Danube and Black Sea; as
      • Hungaria, Buda,
      • Transylvania, Hermenstat,
      • Valaquie, Targovisco,
      • Moldavia, Soczowa,
      • Little Tartaria, Nigropoli,
  • The three most Nor∣thern parts, King∣doms and Isles, are
    • SCANDINAVIA; where are the Kingdoms and Estates of
      • Danemark,
        • Danemark, Copenhaguen,
        • Norway, Trondhem▪
        • Gothland, Calmar,
      • Sweden,
        • Sweden, Stockholm,
        • Lapland, Loisby,
        • Gothland, Abo,
        • Livo••ie, Riga.
        • Ingria, Nottebourg,
    • MOSCOVIA; with its several Kingdoms, Dutches; and Provinces; the Chief of which are
      • Moscovy, Mosco,
      • Wolomodire, Wolodomer,
      • Dwine, St. Michal Archangel,
      • Caz••n (Kingdom) Caza••,
      • Astracan (Kingdom) Astracan.
    • The ISLES of GREAT BRITAIN; where are the Kingdoms of
      • England, London,
      • Scotland, Edinburgh,
      • Ireland, Dublin.

• ASIA, as it is divi∣ded into
  • Firm Land whereof the principal Parts are,
    • TURKEY in ASIA, which comprehendeth the parts and chief places of
      • Anatolia,
        • Smyrna,
        • Ephesus,
        • Pergama,
        • Burs••a,
        • Scutari,
        • Tocat.
      • So••rie,
        • Jerusalem
        • Aleppo,
        • Tripoli,
        • Damascus,
        • Sayd.
      • Diarbeck,
        • Caraemit,
        • Bagded,
        • Balsora.
      • Turcoma••••ie,
        • ••rzerum,
        • Car••.
        • Derbent.
    • GEORGIE; which comprehendeth the parts and chief places of
      • Mingtelle,
        • Phazza.
        • Savatoplly.
      • Gurgistan Cori.
      • Quirls,
        • Chipeche.
        • Stranu.
      • Avogasis, St. Sophia,
      • Little Turcomanie, Derbent.
      • Comanis, Asof,
    • ARABIA; with its parts and chief places of
      • Arabia the Stony,
        • Busseret.
        • Mo••b.
      • Arabia the Desert, Anna.
      • Arabia the Happy,
        • Medina.
        • Mecca,
        • Zibit.
        • Aden.
    • PERSIA; with its chief Provinces and place of
      • Servan, Tauris.
      • Gilan, Raft.
      • Gorgian, Gorgian,
      • Churdistan, Choy.
      • Ayrack,
        • Hispahan,
        • C••sbin.
      • Ch••r••zan, Kayen
      • Dilemon, Allamoed.
      • Chu••••stan, Souster.
      • Tabarestan, Asterabad.
      • ••ar••, Chiraef.
      • Kherman, Giroft.
      • Rhoemus, Bestan.
      • Sablestan, Zarans.
      • Tocharestan, Thaalan,
    • INDIA, as it is divided into the
      • Empire of the GREAT MOGOL; wherein are comprehended divers King∣doms, the chief of which are
        • Attock, Attock.
        • Cabul, C••bul.
        • Lahor, Lahor.
        • Delly, Delly.
        • Agra, Agra.
        • Malway, Rantipore.
        • Guzurate, or Cambaya
          • Surat,
          • Cambaya.
        • Bengala, Bengala.
        • Decan, Goa.
      • Penisula of INDIA without the Ganges, with its several Kingdoms, &c. the chief of which are,
        • Golconda, Golconda.
        • Bisnagar,
          • Bisnagar,
          • Harsingue
        • Malabar, Calicut.
      • Peninsula of INDIA within the Ganges; with its Kingdoms and chief places of
        • Pegu,
          • Pegu,
          • Boldia.
        • Siam, Banckock.
        • Malacca, Malacca.
        • Cochin••hin••, Pulocacein.
        • Tunqui••, ••eccio.
    • CHINA; with its chief Provinces and Cities of
      • Pequin, Pequin.
      • Nanquin, Nanquin.
      • Scianton, Xanton.
      • Quicheu, Quicheo.
      • Canton, Canton.
      • Chequian, Cheiquian.
    • TARTARIA; with its five Parts, and chief places of
      • Tartaria Deserta, Cumbalich.
      • Usbeck, Jarcham.
      • Tutchestean, Chialis.
      • Cathay, Cambalu.
      • True Tartaria, Tartar.
  • ISLES, to∣wit,
    • In the Ocean; as the
      • Isles of JAPON; as
        • Niphon, Meaco.
        • Xicoco, Sanuqui.
        • Ximo, Bungo.
      • PHILLIPPINE Isles; as
        • Luson, Luson.
        • Mindanao, Mindana••.
      • Isles of MOLUCCO'S; as
        • Molucques, Gamma,
        • Celebes, Celebes.
        • Gilolo, Gilolo.
      • Isles of SONDE; as
        • Sumatra,
          • Achem.
          • Arun.
        • Borneo, Bortneo.
        • Java,
          • Bantam,
          • Jac••tra.
      • Isles of LARRONS, or THEVES, Deserte.
      • Isles of CEYLAN, Colombo.
      • Isles of the MALDIVES, Tills don Matis.
    • In the Medi∣terranean Sea; as
      • In the LEVANT Sea; as
        • Cyprus, Famagouste.
        • Rhodes, Rhodes.
        • Scarpanto, Scarpanto,
      • In the ARCHIPELAGO; as
        • Scio, Scio.
        • Tenedos, Me••elin.
        • Samo, Samo.
        • Nicari••, Nicaria.
        • Lango, Lango.
        • Stampalia, Stampalia.
      • ...
        • Pathmos, Pathmos.
        • Negropont, Col••his.
        • Coos, Coos.
        • Lero. Lero.

• AFRICA, as it is di∣vided into
  • AFRICA, or LYBIA,
    • Exteriour, or Outward, and com∣prehendeth
      • BARBARY, which containeth the Kingdoms of
        • Morcco,
          • Morocco,
          • Elmadina.
        • Fez,
          • Fez,
          • Almansor,
          • Saly.
        • Telensin, Telensin.
        • Algier,
          • Algier,
          • Telensin,
          • Bug••a.
        • Tunis,
          • Tunis,
          • Urba.
        • Tripoli, Tripolis.
        • Barca, Barca.
        • Desart of Barca, Ammon.
      • BILIDULGERID, which containeth several Kingdoms and Provinces, the chief of which are
        • Sus, or Tesset,
          • Tesset,
          • Nun.
        • Darha, Darha.
        • Segellomessa, Segellomessa.
        • Tasilet, Tasilet.
        • Tegorarin, Tegorarin.
        • Zeb,
          • Peschara,
          • Nesta.
        • Bilidulgerid,
          • Fezzen,
          • Gademes.
      • EGYPT, which is divided in
        • Sayd, or Bechria, Cairo.
        • Er••if,
          • Alexandria,
          • Rosetta.
        • Coast of the Red Sea,
          • Sues.
          • Grodol.
    • Interiour, or Inwards, and com∣prehendeth
      • ZAARA, or SAARA, where are the Kingdoms and Cities of
        • Zanhaga, Tegassa.
        • Zuenziga, Zuenziga.
        • Targa, Targa.
        • Lempta, Lempta.
        • Berdoa, Berdoa.
        • Gaoga, Goaga.
        • Borno, Borno.
      • The Land of NE∣GROES, where are the Kingdoms, People, or Countries
        • On this side the Niger, as of
          • Gualate, Gandia.
          • Genehoa, Ge••choa.
          • Tombut, Tombotu.
          • Agades, Agades.
          • Canun, Cano.
          • Cassena, Cassena.
          • Gangara, Gangara.
        • Between the Branches of the Niger, as of
          • The Jaloses People, Solul.
          • The Biatares People, Biatares.
          • The Sousos People, Beria.
        • Beyond the Niger, as of
          • Melli, Melli.
          • Manding••, Manding••.
          • Gago, Gago.
          • Guber, Guber.
          • Zegzeg, Zegzeg.
          • Zansara, Zan••ara.
      • GUINEE, with its Kingdoms, Parts, and Chief Places of
        • Melegutte,
          • Bugos,
          • Bagga.
        • Particular Guinee, or the Ivory Coast,
          • St. George de la Min••.
          • Cape of Palmes.
        • Benin, Benin.
  • AETHIO∣PIA,
    • Higher, or under E∣gypt, and compre∣hendeth
      • NUBIA, where are the Kingdoms, Countries, and Cities of
        • Bugia, Bugia.
        • Jalac, Jalac.
        • Nuabia, Nuabia.
        • Dancala, Dancala.
        • Cusa, Cusa.
        • Gorham, Gorham.
        • Damocla, Damocla.
        • Somn••, Somna.
      • The Empire of the ABISSINES, where are several Kingdoms, Countries, and Cities; the chief of which are
        • Tigremahon, Charumo.
        • Barnagasso, Barv••.
        • Angota, Angotina.
        • Dancala, Deg••beldara.
        • Amara, Amara.
        • Bagamedri, Baza.
        • Ambian, Amasen.
        • Damute, Damute.
        • Agag, Agag.
        • Cafates, Cafates.
        • Narea, Zeb.
        • Ambiam, Ambiam.
      • ZANGUEBAR, which is di∣vided into
        • Zauguebar, with its King∣doms and Cities of
          • Mozambique,
          • Quilo••,
          • Quilmanca.
        • The Coast of AJAN, with its Kingdoms and Cities of
          • Adea,
          • Adel,
          • Magadoxe.
        • The Coast of ABEX, with its chief Places and Isles of
          • Arquico.
          • Saquen.
    • Lower, or Interiour, and com∣prehendeth
      • CONGO, with its several King∣doms or Provinces; the chief of which are
        • Loango, Loango.
        • Pemba, Pemba.
        • Angola, Engaze.
        • Bamba, Bamba.
        • Songo, Son••o.
      • The Coast and Country of CAFRES, with its several Estates, Kingdoms, Capes, Ports, and Isles; the chief of which are the
        • Cape of Good Hope,
        • Cape of St. Nicholas,
        • Port of Carascalis.
        • Isle•• or St. Christophers,
        • Isles of St. Lucia.
      • MONOMOTAPA, with its Kingdoms and chief Places of
        • Monomotapa, Monomotapa.
        • Butua, Butua.
        • Monoemugi, Agag.
        • Zefala, Zesala.
        • Chie••nga, Zimb••os.
  • In divers ISLES
    • In the Mediterranean Sea,
      • Malta, Valetta.
      • Goza, Goza.
    • In the Western Ocean, as the
      • Canary Isles, Canaria.
      • The Isles of Cape Verd, St. Jago.
      • The Isle of St. Thomas, Pavoasan.
    • In the Eastern Ocean, as
      • Madagascar,
        • Vingagor••,
        • Tombaja.
      • Zocotora, Zocotora.

• AMERI∣CA, as it is divided into
  • SEPTEN∣TRIONAL, which may be divided into
    • CANADI∣ANE, where there shall be
      • The ARTICK LANDS, as
        • Iseland—Belle sted
        • Groenland, Beareford.
        • North Wales, Sea-horse-point.
        • South Wales, Hudsons Bay.
      • CANADA, or NEW FRANCE, whose chief Parts and People are those of
        • Estotiland, Hope-advanced.
        • ••aguanay, Quebeck
        • Canada, Mont-Real.
        • Acadie, Martengo.
        • New England,
          • Boston,
          • Plimouth,
          • Cambridge.
        • Mary Land, Marles Town.
        • New York, New York.
        • Virginia,
          • James Town,
          • Elizabeth Town.
        • Carolina, Charles Town.
        • The Hurons, St. Peter.
        • Isle of Bermudas, Southampton.
        • Florida,
          • St. Helens,
          • Port Royal.
    • MEXICA∣NE, with its Audiences, Provinces, &c. of
      • MEXICO, with its Provinces and chief Places of
        • Mexico, Mexico.
        • Panuco, Panuco.
        • Mechoacan, Mechoacan.
        • Thascal••, Thascal••.
        • Guaxaca, Antequera.
        • Tabasco, No sen. de la Victoria.
        • Jucatan,
          • Merida,
          • Campeche.
      • GUADALAJARA, with its Provinces of
        • Guadalajara, Guadalajara.
        • Xalisco, Compoflella.
        • Chlametian, St. Sebastian.
        • Culiacan, St. Michael.
        • Cinaloa, St. John.
        • Los Zacatecas, Zacatecas.
        • New Biscay, St. John.
        • Qulvira, St. Fee.
        • Anlan, anlan.
        • Cibola, Cibola.
        • California, Port de Moniere.
        • Guatemala, St. Jago de guate mal••.
      • GUATEMALA, with its Provinces of
        • Vera Pax, Vera Pax.
        • Soconusco, Guevet lan.
        • Chiapa, Cul dad Real.
        • Honduras, Valladolid.
        • Nicaragua, Leon.
        • Costarica, Cartago.
        • Veragua, la Conception.
      • St. DOMINGO, with its Isles, the chief of which are
        • Cuba, St. Jago.
        • Jamaica,
          • Port Royal,
          • Sevilla.
        • Hispaniola,
          • St. Domingo,
          • Porto del la Plata.
        • Soana, St. Germaine.
        • Barbados, St. Michaels.
        • St. Christopher, Sandy-Point.
  • MERIDI∣ONAL, which may be divided into
    • PERUVI∣ANE, where there shall be
      • TERRA FIRMA, with its Provinces, &c. of
        • Panama, Panama.
        • Carthagena, Carthagena.
        • St. Martha, St. Martha.
        • Rio de la Hacha, Rio de la Hacha.
        • Venezula, Venezula.
        • New Andalousis, Comana.
        • Paria, Macureguara.
        • Caribes, Taupuramenen.
        • Gulans, Macureraway.
        • Popayan, St. Fee de Antiochia••
        • Granads, St. Fee de Bogata.
        • Peru, Quito.
    • PERU, with its Audiences of
      • De los Quixos, Baesa.
      • Pasamores, Loyola.
      • Lima,
        • Lima,
        • Cusco.
      • De la Plata, De la Plata.
  • BRAZI∣LIENE, where there shall be
    • BRAZILE, with its Capi∣taines, or Governments of
      • Chill, Coplapo.
      • Magellanick Land, St. Philip.
      • St. Vincent, Sanctos
      • Rio Janiero, Sebastian.
      • Spiritu Sancto, Spiritu Sancto.
      • Porto Seguro, Porto Seguro.
      • Los Isleos, Los Isleos.
      • Baya de los Sanctos, St. Salvador.
      • Seregippe, Seregippe del Rey.
      • Fernambuco, Ollnda.
      • Tamaraca, Tamaraca.
      • Parayba, Parayba.
      • Rio Grands, De los tres Reys.
      • Slara, Sara.
      • M••r••••kan, Junipara.
      • Para, Para:
    • PARAGUAY, or RIO de la PLATA, with its Pro∣vinces, &c. of
      • Paraguay, Paraguay.
      • Chaco, Chaco.
      • De la Plata, Assumption:
      • Tucoman, St. Jago del Estera.
      • Urvalg, Ia Conception.
      • Parana, St. Ignatious.
      • Guayr, Orided Real.