The gentlemans recreation in two parts : the first being an encyclopedy of the arts and sciences ... the second part treats of horsmanship, hawking, hunting, fowling, fishing, and agriculture : with a short treatise of cock-fighting ... : all which are collected from the most authentick authors, and the many gross errors therein corrected, with great enlargements ... : and for the better explanation thereof, great variety of useful sculptures, as nets, traps, engines, &c. are added for the taking of beasts, fowl and fish : not hitherto published by any : the whole illustrated with about an hundred ornamental and useful sculptures engraven in copper, relating to the several subjects.

In the Second Part, being GENE∣RAL [ 40] GEOGRAPHY.

Treats of the Affections of the Places of the Earth, depending on the apparent Motion of the Stars.

Chap. 22.—Folio 203. [ 50]

TReats of Things necessary to be fore∣known in Geography.

Chap. 23.—Folio 207.

OF the LATITVDE of Places, and the Elevation of the Pole. Shewing, that the Latitude of a place in the Superficies of the Earth is the distance of the same from the Aequator. That [ 60] the Elevation of the Pole of any place, or above the Horizon of any place, is called the Arch of the Coelestial Meridian of that place intercepted between one and the other Coelestial Pole, and the Horizon of that place. The place being given in the Superficies of the Globe, so to constitute the Globe, that the Wooden Horizon may be the Horizon of that place. A place being given in the Superficies of the Globe, or the Latitude of any place being given, to shew all the places of the Earth, which may have the same Latitude, or Distance from the Aequator, or Elevation of the Pole; or to find all the places of the Earth, which may have the distance given from the Aequator. How to find the Meridian, and Point of the North and South in the given place of the Earth. To place a Globe, so that the Car∣dines of the same, may respect the Cardines of the Earth, that is, that the Brazen Meridian may be seated in the true Meridian of the Place. To find the Latitude of the place from the Hea∣ven, or the Elevation of the Pole above the Ho∣rizon of any place by the benefit of the Stars. The places of the Earth (under the Aequator) have no Latitude, but both Poles lye in their Horizon. The places under the Poles have the Latitude of 90 Degrees; viz. the Pole in the Vertex, and the Aequator in the Horizon. The places between the Poles and the Aequator, have a less Latitude than 90 Degrees.

Chap. 24.—Folio 213.

TReats of the Division of the Earth into ZONES; and the Caelestial Appearances in the divers Zones; Shewing, that from the proper or Annual Motion of the Sun, there ari∣seth a certain Division of the Superficies of the Earth into five Zones, as already treated of; and that the Aequator of the Earth passeth through these places there taken notice of. In the places that lye in the Tropicks, the Sun once a Year is only vertical on the Meridies, or Noon∣stead; but in places under the Torrid Zone he is vertical twice a Year, viz. two Days, which are equally distant from the longest Day. But in places without the Torrid Zone, and seated with∣out the Tropicks, the Sun never in any Day of the Year is vertical. To Places seated in either of the Frigid Zones, the Sun every Year (some Day or other) setteth not, and so many Days riseth not; and that so many Days the more, by how much those Days are nigh the Poles; so that in a whole place of the Pole for six Months it setteth not, and riseth not to another. But in places in the Artick and Antartick Circle the Sun setteth not one Day in the Year, and one Day riseth not; but other Days it sets and riseth. That in Places seated without the Frigid Zone, that is, in the Temperate, or Torrid Zones, the Sun every Day riseth and setteth.

Chap. 25.—Folio 220.

TReats of the LONGITVDE of the Days in divers places of the Earth; and of the Division of the Earth into Climates, which proceed from them. That in two Days of the Year are the Aequinoxes, or the Night is equal to the Day in all places of the Earth. In places seated in the Aequator, the Days and Nights are always equal: In the places of the Poles there is only one Day and one Night in the whole Year: Now the Day is longer than the Night in

the North Pole, and in the South Pole, the Day is shorther than the Night. In places lying beneath the Aequator, and the Pole, no Days are equal to the Nights, except the two Days of the Aequino∣ctial, all the rest being either greater, or lesser than the Nights. In all places seated between the Aequator, and the Pole Artick, the longest Day and shortest Night, is when the Sun enters the first Degree of Cancer; and the shortest Day and longest Night, is when the Sun enters the first [ 10] Degree of Capricorn; but in the places seated be∣tween the Aequator and the Antartick Pole, it is just contrary; And whilst the Sun in the Northern Places, moveth from the first Degree of Capri∣corn, to the first of Cancer, the Days encrease; and whilst he moveth from the first of Cancer, to the first of Capricorn, decreaseth; but in Nor∣thern Places quite contrary, encreasing from the first of Cancer to the first of Capricorn, and de∣creasing from the first of Capricorn to the first of [ 20] Cancer. All places of the Earth, seated in one and the same Parallel have all the Days of the Year equal, and therefore the same quantity of the longest Day. If more places of the Earth, be taken from the Aequator towards the Pole, whose distance from the Aequator equally aug∣menteth from one Degree to, 10, 20, 30, or 40, the longest Days in these places shall not be e∣qually greater, or not equally augment; but they shall more augment in places more remote, and [ 30] where the place is more near the Pole. How to compose a Table of the Climates, with a Table thereof, and its use.

Chap. 26.—Folio 231.

TReats of the LIGHT, HEAT, COLD, and RAINS, in divers parts of the Earth, or Zones, with other Properties of the Zones, as the Seasons of the Year, and the [ 40] reason thereof. That in the places in the Tem∣perate and frigid Zones, the Seasons of the Year, are almost equal, consisting of an equal number of Days; But in the places of the Tor∣rid Zone, they are unequal. In places of the Torrid Zone, as the Sun by Day is very near the Vertex, so on the contrary by Night he is be∣neath the Horizon, and very much removed from the Vertex of those places; so that those places by Night, lie almost in the middle Shadow of the [ 50] Earth; neither can the Air possibly any ways be warmed by the Suns Rays by frequent reflect∣ion. In places of the Frigid Zone as the Sun by Day is not very nigh the Vertex, so by Night he doth not profoundly remain beneath the Ho∣rizon; but for the greatest part of the Night doth so turn round beneath the Horizon, that many Rays from him by reflection do penetrate into the Air. And in places in the Temperate Zone, as the Sun by Day cometh to the Vertex, of those [ 60] places by a moderate vicinity, so by Night by an easy distance he is depressed beneath the Horizon; so that some Rays at least are in the Air. In Places of the Torrid Zone the Twilights are small, very long in those of the Frigid, and moderate in those of the Temperate Zone. Rea∣sons given to shew how the four Seasons of the Year are made, and behave themselves, and in what Months of the Year they commence in the divers places of the Zones.

Chap. 27.—Folio 259.

TReats of the SHADOWS, which the Bodies erected in the Earth, and illumi∣nated by the Sun do cast, and of the Division of the Earth, arising from thence. That Sha∣dows of Bodies, erected above the Horizontal Plain, fall upon the Quarter opposite to it, in which the Sun existeth. In places seated in the Aequator the Meridian Shadow falls half the Year towards the North, the other half towards the South. In the places seated in the Aequator, the Shadow of the Stile perpendicularly erected in the whole Days of the Aequinoxes, remains in one right Line, whether before Noon, it be continually cast into one Quarter of the West, or after Noon into a Quarter of the East; Now in the other Days of the Year the Shadow is carried round into the Semicircle. The Longitude of the Shadows decreaseth, the Altitude of the Sun in∣creasing; and on the contrary the Altitude of the Sun decreasing, the Shadow increaseth. By how much the places of the Earth, every Day are more remote from the Aequator, or from the Parallel of the Sun, by so much the more, both the Meri∣dian Shadow as well as the Shadows of the rest of the Hours, are longer. Directions from the Ae∣quinoctial NightDyal, as also the Horizontal Scioterick, or Horizontal Plain.

Chap. 28.—Folio 269.

TReats of the comparison of the CELS∣TIAL AFFECTIONS, in divers places of the Earth; shewing that those who live in the same Semicircle of the same Meridian, have also the same Merides, or 12 Hours; and also reckon together all the other Hours. Those that dwell in divers Hemisphaeres of the Earth, which the Aequator makes, or those that live in the divers Quarters of the Aequator, have contrary Seasons of the Year, at the same time, and the same Seasons in a different time of the Year; so that in one Hemisphaere it is Winter, when in the other it is Summer. Those who live in the North Hemisphaere of the Earth, when they turn their Faces towards the Aequator, the East is on their left Hand, and the West on the right, the South before them, and the North be∣hind them: And those that live in the South He∣misphaere the Stars rise on their right Hand, and set on their left. Those who live in the same Parallel of the same Earth, have every Day and Night equal; every one of the Stars also remains an equal time above their Horizons, the same Stars never set, the same Stars never rise; the Sun every Day, and also all the Stars rise and set to them in the same Quarter; and in the same Hour also the Stars are equally elevated above the Horizon, or depressed beneath it; They have the same Pole equally elevated; their Faces being turned to the Aequator, or the same Pole, the Stars rise to them from the same side: they have the same Seasons

of the Year, and at the same time, except the singular properties of some places.

Chap. 29.—Folio 272.

TRreats of the Computation of time in the divers places of the Earth, wherein are divers Questions stated, and resolved, concern∣ing time, or the Hour of the Day of several Na∣tions, and places. [ 10]

Chap. 30.—Folio 280.

TReats of the various rising, setting, Altitude of the Sun, and other appearances in the divers parts of the Earth; shewing how to place or hang a Terrestrial Globe so, that when the Sun shines, those parts of the Globe, may be illum∣nated which the Sun enlightneth in the Earth, at any time; and that it also may appear, unto [ 20] what People the Sun riseth, and to whom it set∣teth; to whom it makes the Meridies, and to whom it is quite absconded; to what place it is vertical. Also to find the place of the Sun in the Ecliptick, and the Day of the Year; Also the Hour of the place. That the Globe being so placed when the Moon shines, to whom it ariseth, to whom setteth, and to whom vertical. By how much the places of the Earth, are remote from the Parrallel of the Sun on any Day, by so [ 30] much the more the Sun is elevated to a lesser Altitude in the same Hours above their Horizons: Also by how much the places of the Earth are remote from the Aequator, or more near the Pole, by so much the more the Parts of the Horizon are distant, in which the Sun riseth on the Day of the Solstice, and the Day of the Winter; as also those in which he setteth: The same is true con∣cerning the Moon, and all the Planets. Stars pla∣ced between the Parallel of any place (being [ 40] without the Aequator) and the Pole, are less ele∣vated above the Horizon, of the places between this Parallel, and the other Pole of those situated there, then above the Horizon of the places seat∣ed between the Parallel, and the neerer Pole. In places seated in and near the Aequator, the Sun and Stars directly ascend above the Horizon, even to the Meridian, and so descend again: But in places above the Aequator they ascend and de∣scend obliquely; and so much the more, by [ 50] how much the place is more remote from the Aequator. By how much the place is more re∣mote from the Aequator, by so much the more the Signs of the Zodiack, and other Constellations, require the greater time to rise and set; and they pass through the Meridians of all places at an equal time, with several Questions laid down, and resolved, relating to the Rising, Setting, and Altitude of the Sun. [ 60]