The history of the reigns of Henry the Seventh, Henry the Eighth, Edward the Sixth, and Queen Mary the first written by the Right Honourable Francis Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban ; the other three by the Right Honourable and Right Reverend Father in God, Francis Godwyn, Lord Bishop of Hereford.

ANNALS OF ENGLAND.

BOOK III.

QUEEN MARY.

ANNO DOM. 1553. REG. 1.

WHen the Lady Mary, long since acquainted with [ 1553] Northumberland's secret practices, was also certified of her Brother's decease; not thinking it safe to abide near London, where her Ene∣mies were in their full strength; pretending a fear of the Plague by reason of the suspitious death of one of her Houshold, she suddenly departed from St. Edmundsbury, and came in one day to Framingham Castle in Suffolk, distant from London fourscore miles, and seated near the Sea, from whence if Fortune frowned on her, she might make an easie escape into France. Here she took upon her the Title of Queen, and by Letters to her Friends, and the Nobles, wished their speedy repair unto Her.

In the mean time Northumberland having for two days together consulted with his Friends concerning the managing of this great business, the King's death being not yet published, sent com∣mand to the Lord Mayor of London, to repair forthwith to Green∣wich with six Aldermen, and twelve other Citizens of chiefest account. To them he declares the King's departure, and the seating of Lady Jane in the Throne of Sovereignty, shewing withal the King's Testament under Seal, which did import no less than the setling the Succession on her and that Family:

He causeth them either by terrour or promises to swear Allegiance [ 1553] to Lady Jane, with command, and that under a great penalty, that they should not as yet divulge these secret passages. What a furtherance it might be to his Affairs if he could assure himself of this City, he was too wise to be ignorant of: And as for suppressing the report of the King's death; he thought it might prove a means to facilitate the surprisal of the Lady Mary, as yet probably secure for lack of notice of her Brother's decease. But understanding that she had made an escape into Suffolk, Lady Jane was by almost all the Peers of the Realm pompously con∣ducted to the Tower, and with great Solemnity publickly pro∣claimed Queen. She was of age about sixteen, of feature not admirable but handsom, incredibly learned, very quick-witted, and wise both beyond her Sex and above her Age, wonderfully devoted to purity of Doctrine, and so far from desire of this Advancement, that she began not to act her part of Royalty without Tears, manifesting it to the World, that she was forced by her Parents and Friends ambition to this high but dangerous Ascent. At her going through the City toward the Tower, the Concourse of the People was great, their Acclamations few, as if the strangeness of some new Spectacle had drawn them to∣gether, rather than any intent of Gratulation. Which Queen Maries (for so we must henceforth call her). Friends hitherto distrustful more of Success than the Cause, accepted of as an happy omen, and were encouraged to assist her as occasion should invite them. But the presence of Northumberland a man quick, watchful, and very politick, was yet a remora to their Pro∣ceedings: Him they must send farther off, or be content to sit still.

The same day that Lady Jane entred the Tower Letters sent from Queen Mary are read openly at the Council Table, wherein she commands the Lords to repair to her, as being the next in Succession to the Crown, and that they at last should take ex∣ample from the general Votes of the Kingdom, she being now every where acknowledged the lawful Sovereign. And indeed the Norfolk and Suffolk men were become hers; and the wiser sort did easily discern, that the affections of the People were hers. Where∣fore it was thought at first expedient speedily to levy an Army, and that, while yet the Hearts of the People were free from any Impression, and their Minds yet equally poised in the Ballance of Irresolution, were either way to be swayed: By this course they might be peradventure too strong for the Queen, and preventing her Plea by Arms, force her to plead more necessarily for her Life. And an Army was raised, whereof the Duke of Suffolk was ap∣pointed General.

But the fautors of Maries Cause, whose main Project was to remove that grand obstacle the Duke of Northumberland, slily

insinuating themselves with Lady Jane, perswaded her not to [ 1553] part with her Father, but to dispatch Northumberland for this Employment, the very terrour of whose Name (his late Victory over the Norfolk Rebels being yet fresh in memory) would effect more, than the other could either by Policy or Arms: And indeed to whose trust could a Daughter be better committed than to her Father's? As for the City, the Faith and wonted Wisdom of the Council now with her, would contain it in Obedience, and work it to her best Advantages. She poor Lady swayed with these Reasons, earnestly beseeched Northumberland himself to un∣dergo this Burthen, who at length though unwillingly con∣sented. His chief fear was, lest the advantage of his Absence might encourage opposite Practisers to raise some Tumults: But finding either excuses or absolute denials no way available, he prepares himself for this Expedition, and on the the thirteenth of July sets forth from London, with an Army of six thousand. At his departure it is reported he should say to the Lord Gray of Wilton who then accompanied him, Do you see (my Lord) what a conflux of People here is drawn together to see us march? And yet of all this multitude, you hear not so much as one that wisheth us Success. The Londoners stood very well affected in point of Religion, so did also for the most part the Suffolk and the Norfolk men, and they knew Mary to be absolute for Popery. But the English are in their due respects to their Prince so loyally constant, that no regards, no not pretext of Religion, can alienate their Affections from their lawful Sovereign, whereof the miserable case of Lady Jane will anon give a memorable Example. For although her Faction had laid a strong Foundation, and as may appear by the premisses; had most artificially raised their Superstructure; yet as soon as the true and undoubted Heir did but manifest her Resolution to vindicate her Right, this accurate Pile presently fell, and dis∣solved as it were in the twinkling of an Eye, and that chiefly by their endeavour, of whom for their Religions sake Lady Jane might have presumed her self assured. Neither were the People made any thing the more inclinable by publickly impugning Queen Maries Right in the Pulpit, a course wherein Northum∣berland engaged many a Preacher. Nay, even in the City of London, that learned and godly Prelate Nicholas Ridley upon the deprivation of Boner consecrated Bishop of London (who I wish had not erred in this matter) was scarce heard out with patience. As for Queen Mary, if that Rule of the Civilians be not true, that Matrimony contracted without any conceived Impediment, al∣though it after chance to be dissolved as unlawful, is of such force, that the Children begotten in such Wedlock are to be accounted lawful: Yet why they should seek to exclude the Lady Elizabeth, I cannot but wonder, neither can I think that any probable reason therefore could be yielded by them, who deemed Queen Mary Illegitimate.

To let pass also in the mean time Mary Queen of Scots, to whom [ 1553] without doubt, the Issue of Henry the Eighth being extinct, the Crown properly belonged. Whatsoever the Reasons urged by these Preachers were, they were so far from making any impres∣sion in the minds of the People, that they every where flocked abundantly to Queen Mary: and this not out of a vulgar levity, many of the Nobility and other prime men having followed her Party even from the beginning; such were the Earls of Bath and Sussex, the Heirs of the Lords Wharton and Mordant, Sir William Drury, Sir John Shelton, Sir Henry Bedingfeild, Sir Henry Jerne∣gam, Sulierd, Freston, and others. But above all Sir Edward Ha∣stings Brother to the Earl of Huntingdon was most famous, who having Commission from the Duke of Northumberland to raise four thousand Foot, after he had levied them, revolted to Queen Mary: For which act she afterward created him Baron of Lowbo∣rough, honouring also Sir John Williams with another Barony, as a reward of his faithful Service. And Serjeant Morgan not coming short of these in his devoir, became afterward one of the chief Judges of the Realm.

But an unexpected Accident did most advantage Queen Maries Affairs. Six Ships had Northumberland set forth on that part of the Kingdom, where it is confined with the German Ocean, that he might intercept the Queen, if she sought to make an escape, and to have them ready for all occasions. These Ships were then by Tempest driven in at Yarmouth, when in the Town there was a Press of Souldiers for the Queen. The Mariners and Souldiers induced partly by threats, partly by intreaty, yield the Ships to Sir Henry Jernegam for Queen Maries use, and associate them∣selves with the new raised Companies. This was to her a matter of great consequence, and that such she deemed it, her joy well testified. And now encouraged with these accessions of Men, Ordnance, and Munition, she feared not Northumberland, and resolved not so much her own defence, as the speedy suppression of her Competitrix.

The Lords who had hitherto adhered to Lady Jane were some∣what terrified with this adverse accident. And the Queens Friends living at Court who had reserved themselves for oppor∣tunity, and were as yet concealed, were now so emboldened as to reveal themselves to each other, desiring nothing more than that being set at liberty (for yet the Tower was the Court) they might but gain entrance into the City, that they might more freely discover themselves. But they must either make the way, or be content to pray only for her, whom they could not other∣wise advantage. It happened that Northumberland had written for more Aids. At his setting forth he was, besides his four Sons, accompanied with the Marquis of Northampton, the Earl of Hun∣tingdon, the Lord Gray, and many other persons of note; and had

when he came to Cambridge an Army consisting of eight thou∣sand [ 1553] Foot and two thousand Horse. Removing thence toward St. Edmondsbury, he found that many of his Souldiers had forsaken their Colours, and was wonderfully jealous lest of the remainder many would do the like. Wherefore returning to Cambridge, he plied the Lords of the Council with continual demands of supplies to fill his Companies grown thin by the departure of so many fugitives. The Lords that favoured Maries Cause laying hold on this occasion, obsequiously tendring their Services for the furtherance of the Duke's designs, decree speedy Aids for him; but pretend, that it were dangerous to employ any other in these Levies, than such of whose Loyalty they might rest assured, lest the like Treachery might be committed as had been already by Sir Edward Hastings; and proffer themselves for the execution of this Affair. So by the Duke of Suffolk his permission they all let loose as it were out of Prison, disperse themselves over the City. The chiefest of them that were resolved for the Queen, were the Marquis of Winchester Lord Treasurer, the Earl of Pembroke, the Earl of Arundell (whom after a years Imprisonment with the Lord Paget, the Duke of Northumberland had lately set at liberty) and Sir Thomas Cheyney Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. By the in∣dustry of these, as many of the Lords of the Council as were within call (excepting the Duke of Suffolk) and as many other of the Nobility as were known to be at least not Enemies to Queen Maries Cause, had a meeting at Baynards-Castle, under pretence of conference with the French Ambassador Lavall, about I know not what important business: But indeed to consult of a mean how to reduce Lady Jane to her first original of a Private fortune. There Henry Earl of Arundell bitterly inveighing against the Duke of Northumberland, after he had ripped up the Acts of former times, and burthened him with all that had been done unjustly, cruelly, or amiss in the Reign of King Edward; he at last comes to that treacherous act of the Disherison of the Children of Henry the Eighth, professing that He wondred how he had so enthralled such Personages (intimating those Nobles present) as to make them Instruments of his Wickedness: For by their consent and suffrages it came to pass, that the Duke of Suffolk's Daughter, the same Northumberland's Daughter-in-Law, did now personate a Queen, the gross and power of Sovereignty remaining indeed with Northum∣berland, that he might freely wreak his Tyranny on their Lives and Fortunes. Religion is indeed the thing pretended: But suppose we have no regard to these Apostolical Rules, Evil must not be done that good may come thereof, and We must obey even evil Princes not for fear, but for conscience sake; yet how doth it appear that Mary intends any alteration in Religion? Certainly having been lately Pe∣titioned unto in this point by the Suffolk men, she gave them (and that was true) a very hopeful answer. And what a mad blindness

it is, for the avoidance of an uncertain Danger, to precipitate our [ 1553] selves into most certain Destruction? I would we had not erred in this kind. But Errours past cannot be recalled, some may peradventure be amended, wherein speedy execution of times happily supplieth former defects. Recollect your selves then, and so make use of your Authority, that Mary the undoubtedly lawful Heir may be publickly Proclaimed. After he had spoken to this purpose, the Earl of Pembroke readily and generously professed that he subscribed to the Earl of Arun∣dell's motion, and grasping his Sword, signified his Resolution to maintain the Right of Mary against all Opposers. The rest take after them, and decree the same. So commanding the repair of the Lord Mayor and the rest of the Aldermen, they in Cheapside proclaim Lady Mary Queen, with addition also of the Title of Supreme Head of the Church. And to add more majesty to their act by some devout Solemnity, they go in Procession to Pauls singing that admirable Hymn of those holy Fathers St. Ambrose and St. Augustine, commonly known by its first words, Te Deum. Then they dispatcht away some Companies to seize on the Tower, and command the Duke of Suffolk to render himself. The Duke as easily dejected at the news, as he had formerly been elevated by vain hope, entring his Daughters Chamber, forbad the far∣ther use of Royal Ceremonies, wishing her to be content with her return to a Private fortune. Whereto she answered with a setled countenance: Sir, I better brook this message, than my forced advancement to Royalty; out of obedience to you and my Mother I have grievously sinned, and offered violence to my self: Now I do willingly, and as obeying the motions of my Soul, relinquish the Crown, and endeavour to salve those faults committed by others, if at least so great an errour may be salved by a willing relinquishment and inge∣nuous acknowledgement. Having spoken thus much, she retired into a withdrawing-room, more troubled at the Danger she had incurred, than the defeasance of so great hopes. The Duke himself presently repaired to the rest of the Council, and subscri∣bed to their Decree. This Proclamation was on the nineteenth of July published, and entertained with such Acclamations, that no part of it could be heard, after the first mention of Queen Maries Name. The Earl of Arundell and the Lord Paget having thus ordered this weighty Affair, accompanied with thirty Horse, rid post that night unto the Queen, to certifie her of the gladsom tidings of her Subjects loyal intentions.

In the mean time the Lords of the Council certifie Northumber∣land of these Passages, commanding him withal to subscribe to the Decree, and dismiss his Army. But he out of the Presage of his own Fortune had before the receipt of their Letters pro∣claimed her Queen at Cambridge, where in a counterfeit joy he threw up his Cap with the sincerer multitude. Then he ca∣shiered the rest of his wavering Companies, and almost all the

Lords, who had hitherto followed him, with a Legal Revolt [ 1553] passing over to the Queen, and making Northumberland the sole author and cause of these disloyal Distractions, were upon their Submission pardoned.

Lady Jane, having as on a Stage for ten days only personated a Queen, was committed to safe custody, and the Ladies who had hitherto attended her, were commanded each to their homes. The Duke of Northumberland was by the Queens command ap∣prehended by the Earl of Arundell, and committed to the Tower. The manner of his taking is reported to have been thus: After so many checks uncertain what course to take, resolved to flie, but not knowing whether, the Pensioners (who with their Captain Sir John Gates had followed him in this Expedition) while he was pulling on his Boots seised on him, saying, that It was fit they should excuse themselves from the imputation of Trea∣son by his testimony. The Duke withstanding them, and the matter being likely to grow to blows, at the very instant came those Letters from the Council, which commanded them all to lay aside their Arms, and peaceably to repair to their homes. These Letters took up the matter, and set the Duke at liberty, which notwithstanding lasted not long. For the next morning, as he was ready to take Horse, the Earl of Arundell intercepted him, and with him apprehended the Earl of Huntingdon, the Earl of Warwick Northumberland's eldest Son, and two others younger Lord Ambrose and Lord Henry Dudley, Sir Andrew Dudley the Duke's Brother, Sir Thomas Palmer, Sir John Gates, his Brother Henry Gates and Doctor Edwin Sands, who on the five and twen∣tieth of July were brought to London, and presently committed to the Tower. The Earl of Huntingdon was, not long after, set at liberty, but his Son was presently. Sir John Gates, whom Northum∣berland accused to have been the contriver of all this mischief, and Sir Thomas Palmer were after Executed. The Earl of Warwick died in Prison. The Lords Ambrose and Henry Dudley were Par∣doned. Henry was afterward slain with a shot at the Siege of St. Quintin; but Ambrose finding Fortune more propitious, out∣lived Mary, and by Queen Elizabeth created Earl of Warwick, long flourished in the happiness of her Favour. Sir Andrew Dudley after his Condemnation was also Pardoned. Doctor Sands being then Vicechancellour of the University of Cambridge had by Nor∣thumberland's command in the Pulpit publickly impugned Queen Maries Cause, and defended that of Lady Jane; but with that Wisdom and Moderation, although upon the short warning of some few hours, that he abundantly satisfied the Duke, and yet did not so deeply incur the displeasure of the adverse part, but that his Friends prevailed with the Queen for his Pardon. So that after a years Imprisonment he was set at liberty, and pre∣sently fled over into Germany: After the death of Queen Mary

returning from his voluntary Exile, he was Consecrated Bishop [ 1553] of Worcester, from which See he was translated to London, and thence again to the Archbishoprick of York: A man for his Learning, Virtue, Wisdom, and Extract very famous, but most especially happy in his Issue, whereof many were admirable for their Endowments both internal and external, and of whom we have in our Age seen three honoured with Knighthood.

On the six and twentieth of July, the Marquis of Northampton (afterward Condemned, and Pardoned) Doctor Ridley Bishop of London, (who two years after was Burned at Oxford) and beside many others, Lord Robert Dudley that great Earl of Leicester under Queen Elizabeth, were brought to the Tower. On the seven and twentieth, the Duke of Suffolk (to whom the Queen with admi∣rable Clemency within four days restored his liberty) Sir John Cheeke King Edward's Schoolmaster, Sir Roger Cholmley Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and Sir Edmond Mountague Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, were committed to the same place, who were all on the third of September set at liberty.

On the thirtieth of July the Lady Elizabeth accompanied by a great train of Nobles, Knights, Gentlemen and Ladies (to the number of five hundred, some say a thousand) set forward from the Strand through London, and so to Wansted, towards the Queen to congratulate her happy Success in vindicating her Right to the Crown. Who on the third of August having dismissed her Army (which had not yet exceeded the number of thirteen thousand) attended by all the Nobility made a triumphant entrance through London to the Tower, where the Duke of Norfolk, Edward Courtney Son to the Marquis of Exceter Beheaded in the year 1538, Gardiner late Bishop of Winchester, and Anne Duchess of Somerset presen∣ted themselves on their Knees, and Gardiner in the name of them all spake a congratulatory Oration, which ended, the Queen courteously raised them, and kissing each of them said, These are all my own Prisoners, and gave order for their present discharge. Edward Courtney she restored to his Father's honours, making him Marquis of Exceter. As for Gardiner, she not only reseated him in the Bishoprick of Winchester, but also on the three and twentieth of August made him Lord Chancellour of England, notwithstand∣ing that he had not only Subscribed to the Divorce from Catharine the Queens Mother, but had Published Books, wherein he had defended King Henry's proceedings.

On the fifth of August, Boner and Tonstall who had been formerly deprived of their Bishopricks, the one of London, the other of Duresm, and shortly after Day of Chichester, and Heath of Worcester were enlarged and restored to their Bishopricks, the present In∣cumbents being without due process of Law ejected.

On the tenth of August, were celebrated the Exequies of King Edward, Day Bishop of Chichester Preaching, executing in English,

and administring the Sacrament according to the manner and [ 1553] form received in the Reign of Edward. For as yet nothing had been determined concerning any change in point of Religion. So that when Bourn a Canon of Pauls (afterward Bishop of Bath and Wells) Preaching at the Cross did inveigh against the Reformation in King Edward's time, and did in upbraiding manner argue the Injustice of those times, which condemned Bonor to perpetual Imprisonment for matter delivered by him in that place that time four year, who was now by a more just Clemency restored to his Liberty and Dignity: The People 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the Protestant Religion, could hardly abstain from stoning him, and one of them aiming a Poinyard at him, missed him very narrowly: The affections of the Assembly may by this be conceived, that during the Reign of Queen Mary, the Author of this bold attempt, not∣withstanding the diligence of earnest Inquisitors, could never be discovered. The uproar increasing, and divers pressing toward the Pulpit, Bourn protected by two Protestant Preachers (Brad∣ford and Rogers, who were greatly Reverenced by the People, and afterward Burned for their Religion) was with great difficulty conveyed to the School at Pauls.

And now at length on the eighteenth of August, the Duke of Norfolk sitting as High Steward of England, were the Duke of Northumberland, his Son the Earl of Warwick, and the Marquis of Northampton Arraigned at Westminster: where the Duke of Northumberland pleading, that he had done nothing but by au∣thority of the Council, his Plea being not admitted for suffi∣cient, he was condemned of High Treason. The Sentence being pronounced, he craved the favour of such a Death as was usually executed on Noblemen, and not the other: He beseeched also, that a favourable regard might be had of his Children, in respect of their age: Thirdly, that he might be permitted to confer with some learned Divine for the setling of his Conscience: And lastly, that her Majesty would be pleased to send unto him four of her Council for the discovery of some things, which might concern the Estate. The Marquis of Northampton pleaded to his Indictment, that after the beginning of these Tumults he had forborn the Execution of any Publick Office, and that all that while, inteht to Hunting and other sports, he did not partake in the Conspiracy: But it being manifest, that he was party with the Duke of Northumberland, Sentence passed on him like∣wise. The Earl of Warwick finding that the Judges in so great a Cause admitted not excuse of Age, with great resolution heard his Condemnation pronounced, craving only this favour, that, whereas the Goods of those who were condemned for Treason, are totally Confifcated, yet her Majesty would be pleased, that out of them his Debts might be discharged. After this, they were all again returned to the Tower. The next day Sir Andrew Dadley,

Sir John Gates (who was thought in Northumberland's favour to [ 1553] have projected the Adoption of Lady Jane) Sir Henry Gates, and Sir Thomas Palmer were likewise condemned. On the two and twentieth of the same month, the Duke with the rest (having two days before received the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper) were conducted to the place of Execution: Where Northumber∣land (saith that excellent Historiographer, thuanas) by the per∣swasion of Nicholas Heath (afterward Bishop of York) making his own Funeral Oration to the People, acknowledged himself guilty, and craving pardon for his unseasonable Ambition, ad∣monished the Assembly, That they should embrace the Religion of their Forefathers rejecting that of later date, which had occasioned all the Miseries of the 'fore-passed thirty years: And for prevention for the future, if they desired to present their Souls unspotted to God, and were truly affected to their Countrey, they should expel those Trumpets of Sedition, the Preachers of the Reformed Religion. As for himself, whatsoever he might pretend, his Conscience was fraught with the Religion of his Fathers, and for testimony hereof he appealed to his great Friend the Bishop of Winchester: but being blinded with Ambition, he had been contented to make wrack of his Conscience by temporizing, for which he professed himself sincerely repentant, and acknowledged the desert of his death. Having spoken thus much, he craved the charitable Devotions of the Assembly, and commending his Soul to God, prepared his Body for the stroke of Ax. This Recan∣tation did variously affect the minds of the multitude, who won∣dred that he should at last Apostatize from that Religion which he had for sixteen years professed, and in favour whereof chiefly, he perswaded King Edward to endeavour the exclusion of his Sisters from their lawful Succession. Some write, that being desirous of life, he did it craftily out of hope of impunity: but that hope being frustrated, to have repented it afterwards. He was su∣spected (neither were the presumptions small) to have administred a Poisonous potion to King Edward: but in his Indictment there was no mention of it, and that the rather, for that the Judges had authority only to inflict Punishment on him for his Conspi∣racy against the Queen. At the same time and place were also Executed Sir John Gates and Sir Thomas Palmer.

Many Bishops also, who were thought to have been too too opinionate in point of Religion, were sent for to London, and there Imprisoned, viz. Hooper of Glocester, Farrar of St. Davies (who were both crowned with Martyrdom) and Coverdale of Exceter, who at the request of Christiern the Third King of Den∣mark was Pardoned. But the Clergy of what rank soever, who would not forsake their Wives, or were invested in Livings, whereof any one had been for defence of Popery deprived, or that would not by Oath promise the defence of the Romish Reli∣gion, were generally forced to relinquish their Benefices.

Peter Martyr was then Professor at Oxford, who presently upon [ 1554] the Death of King Edward, was confined to his House. But after some time his Friends so far prevailed, that he might come to London, where he betook himself to his Patron the Archbishop of Canterbury. But he could not prove a Sanctuary to him. The Archbishop himself began now to totter. The Queen, beside that she was wholly swayed by Gardiner, who extremely hated him, had resolved to wreak her self on him for the Divorce of her Mother.

— Manet alta mente repostum Judicium latum, spretaeque injuria Matris.

It is reported, that King Henry having determined to punish his Daughter the Lady Mary with Imprisonment for her Contumacy, was by the sole intercession of Cranmer diverted from his Reso∣lutions: And when she was by her Brother King Edward to be disinherited, the Archbishop made a long suasory Oration to the contrary; neither could he be induced to subscribe to the Decree, until the Judges of the Realm generally affirming, that it might lawfully be done, the dying King with much importunity pre∣vailed with him. In ingrateful persons the conceit (I will not say the feeling) of one Injury makes deeper impression, than can the remembrance of a thousand real Benefits. It was now bruited, that with his Fortune Cranmer had also changed his Religion, insomuch that to gratifie the Queen, he had promised to Cele∣brate the Exequies of the deceased King after the Romish manner. To clear himself of this imputation, he by writing declares him∣self ready to maintain the Articles of Religion set forth by his means under King Edward his Reign, to be consonant to the Word of God and the Doctrine of the Apostles: in which Resolution he being confirmed by Peter Martyr, required him for his Second in this Religious Duel. But Words are not regarded, where Vio∣lence is intended. His Death was absolutely determined; but how it might be fairly contrived, was not yet resolved. First therefore they deal with him as a Traytor. And having for some while continued prisoner in the Tower, to alienate the minds of the People who held him in high esteem, he is on the thirteenth of November together with the Lords Ambrose and Guilford Dudley, and Lady Jane, condemned for Treason. But the machinators of this mischief against Cranmer were so ashamed of their shadow∣less endeavour, that they themselves became Intercessors for his Pardon, and yet afterwards most irreligiously procured him to be Burned for pretended Heresie. Before he was committed to Custody, his Friends perswaded him, after the example of some other of his religious Brethren, who had long since escaped into Germany, by flight to withdraw himself from assured destruction: To whom he answered; Were I accused of Theft, Parricide, or

some other crime, although I were innocent, I might peradventure be [ 1553] induced to shift for my self: But being questioned for my Allegiance not to men, but to God, the truth of whose holy Word is to be asserted against the errours of Popery; I have at this time, with a constancy befitting a Christian Prelate, resolved rather to leave my life, than the Kingdom. But we will now leave Cranmer in Prison, whose farther Troubles and Martyrdom we will in their due places re∣late. Concerning Peter Martyr, it was long controverted at the Council Table whether, having so much prejudiced the Catho∣lick Religion, it were fit he should be proceeded against as an Heretick. But it was at length determined, that because he came into England upon Publick Assurance, he should have liberty to depart with his Family. So having Letters of Pass signed by the Queen, he was transported with his Friend Bernardine Ochi∣nus, and came to Antwerp, from thence to Colen, at last to Stras∣burg, from whence he first set forth for England.

In the mean time on the first of October, the Queen was with great pomp Crowned at Westminster by Stephen Gardiner Bishop of Winchester, and that after the manner of her Ancestors.

On the fifth of the same month a Parliament is called at West∣minster, wherein all the Laws Enacted against the Pope and his adherents by Henry and Edward, were repealed. And in the Con∣vocation-House at the same time was a long and eager Dispu∣tation concerning the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, the Pro∣locutor Dr. Weston with many others maintaining Christ's Corporal real presence in the Sacrament: Among those few who sided with the Truth, were John Ailmer and Richard Cheyney (both by Queen Elizabeth made Bishops, the one of London, the other of Glocester) John Philpot Archdeacon of Winchester, who confirmed this Doctrine with the Testimony of his Blood, James Haddon Dean of Exceter, and Walter Philips Dean of Rochester. At length the Truth was oppressed by Multitude not Reason. Whereupon the Restitution of Romish Rites is again concluded, and on the one and twentieth of December, Mass began to be celebrated throughout England.

The same day also the Marquis of Northampton and Sir Henry Gates not long since Condemned, were set at liberty and Pardoned: And the Lords Ambrose and Guilford Dudley with Lady Jane had their Imprisonment more at large, with hope of Pardon also.

Notes

• Lady Mary flies into Suf∣folk.
• Lady Jane proclaimed Queen.
• Northumber∣land forced to be General.
• L. qui in provinciâ, sect, Divus, ff. de Ris Nupt. L. 4. C. de Incest. Nupt. & Gloss. ibid. C. cum in∣ter. &c. ex te∣nore. Extr. qui fil. sins le∣git.
• Northumber∣land forsaken by his Soul∣diers.
• The Lords re∣solve for Queen Mary,
• And to suppress Lady Jane.
• Northum∣berland pro∣claims Mary Queen at Cambridge.
• Northumber∣land, and some other Lords taken.
• Queen Mary comes to Lon∣don.
• Gardiner made Lord Chancel∣lour.
• Diprived Bishops restored.
• King Ed∣ward's Fune∣ral.
• The Duke of Northumber∣land, the Earl of Warwick, and the Mar∣quis of Nor∣thampton con∣demned.
• The Duke of Northumber∣land Bheaded.
• Bishops impri∣soned.
• Peter Martyr.
• The Archbishop Cranmer, Lady Jane, Lord Guilford and Lord Am∣brose Dudley condemned.
• The Coronation.
• A Disputation in the Convo∣cation-House.
• Popery restored.