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Of the Guards without the Gate, and
THIS Company ought to consist of 220 Men at Arms, that do duty quarterly.
Their Captain is the King himself, under whom there is
A Lieutenant Captain, his pay in that quality, is 1380 l. besides which, the King allows him the
Captains pay, being 3280 l. and 2700 l. Extraor∣dinary, during their quarter.
Two Deputy-Lieutenants, who have each of them 410 l. by the quarter, and 1350 l. Extraor∣dinary during their quarter.
Three Ensigns, who have each of them 135 l. quarterly pay, and 1080 l. Extraordinary during their quarter.
Three Guidons, who have the same pay.
Note, That the King in lieu of the Fees the Offi∣cers of this Company used to have at the reception of any new Officers or Souldiers among them, and of the right of disposing the places vacant by Death, gives them 26000 l. in Pensions, viz. 13000 l. to the Lieutenant Captain, 5000 l. to the Deputy-Lieu∣tenant, 4000 l. to the Ensign, and 4000 l. to the Guidon: So that for the future the places in this Company will be given gratis upon any vacancy by Death; yet notwithstanding that, the places of Men at Arms, are fixed places, and during their Lives, they may dispose of them, and resign them to o∣thers, which the Light Horsemen cannot do.
There are two Marshals of the Lodgings, or chief Quarter-Masters, that have each 85 l. pay, Quarterly, and 600 l. Extraordinary, Yearly.
One Commissary of the Conduct, or Muster-Ma∣ster, whose ordinary pay is 3600 l. besides 240 l. for Taxations, Ordinary and Extraordinary.
This Commissary Musters the Troop, and re∣ceives the Oaths, both of the Officers and Souldiers of it.
When a Horseman, or Officer of Horse, is sworn by him, his Horse and his Pistols are his Fees, and if he be a Foot-Officer, his Corslet and Sword. And when he himself is sworn by a Marshal of France, he is to give the Captain six Ells of Black Velvet for his Fee.
The Commissaries of the Conduct, or Muster-Masters, have their place always fixed on the left
hand of the Commander in Chief, the Commissaries Horses Head advancing as far as the Commanders Stirrup, both when they are on the march, or en∣gaged in a Battle: And whether they be in the Field, or quartered in Town or Country, these Commissaries quarters are always next the Comman∣ders, so that they have always the second place in the Company; about which there are many Rules and Orders.
Eight Brigadeers, there being four Brigades, and two Brigadeers to each. Besides the pay, they have as other Horsemen of this Company, which is 680 l. apiece, they have every one 600 l. Pension, and 300 l. gratification at the end of their quarters ser∣vice; And the eldest among them, that still does Service, has 1000 l. Pension.
Eight Sub-Brigadeers, who besides the common pay of 680 l. have every one a Pension of 500 l: Besides these, there is one Major.
Four Trumpeters, one Kettle-Drummer, one Harbinger, or Under-Quarter Master in Ordinary, and another Extraordinary; one Almoner, or Chaplain, one Chyrurgeon, one Sadler, one Far∣rier, all at 90 l. Salary apiece.
To pay all which, there is one Treasurer, and one Comptroller.
The whole Company consists of 220 Horsemen, besides the great and small Officers, and the Foot-men at Arms, and their pay is 680 l. apiece.
There are added to them, upon a new Roll, twenty others, who have the same pay.
The Devise or Emblem they bear in their Colours, is thunder falling from Heaven with these Latin words, Quo Jubet Iratus Jupiter, i. e. Where angry Jupiter Commands. The King has, besides these, other Companies of Gensdarmes in his Armies, of which he is likewise Captain, but these only are re∣tained for the guard of his Person.
This Company is likewise composed of 220 Ma∣sters, or Horsemen, that serve quarterly. To this belong,
A Captain, who is the King.
A Lieutenant Captain, and two Deputy-Lieu∣tenants.
Four Cornets, whose pay is 187 l. 10 d. Two chief Quarter-Masters, or Marshals of the Lodgings, whereof, the first has 62 l. 10 d. and the other, 125 l. a Month.
Two other Harbingers, or Quarter-Masters, at 30 l. a Month each; one Commissary of the Con∣duct, or Muster-Master; four chief Brigadeers, who besides the ordinary pay of 30 d. or half a Crown a day all the year round, and 20 d. a day more when they are upon actual duty, have every one 600 l. Pension, and 300 l. gratification at the end of their quarters Service: But the eldest of the four has a Pension of 1000 l. Five other Briga∣deers, who have the same pay as the precedent ones, bating the 300 l. gratification. Eight Sub-Brigadeers, who have every one 500 l. Pension, 30 d. or half a Crown a day, constant pay, and 20 d. a day more extraordinary, when they are actually on duty. Four Standard-Bearers, who have the same pay as the Sub-Brigadeers.
One Aid-Major, and honorary Brigadeer, who Commands in no Quarter, but as Brigadeer, has a Pension of 600 l.
Four Trumpeters, whose pay is 66 l. a quarter, and one Kettle-Drummer, at 200 l.
The Cavaliers, or Troopers of this Company, have 30 d. or half a Crown a day ordinary pay, and 20 d. a day extraordinary, when they are upon duty.
There belong to them besides one Almoner, or
Chaplain, who has 30 l. a Month besides the ordi∣nary pay; two Chyrurgeons, one Farrier, and one Sadler, at 30 l. a Month, each.
Their Extraordinary pay is paid out of the Kings own private Coffer; and their ordinary pay by three Treasurers belonging to the Company.
The Devise or Emblem born in their Standards, is Thunderbolts destroying the Giants, with this Motto, Sensere Gigantes, i. e. The Giants felt them.
There are two Regiments of Foot-Guards, viz. First of French, and secondly, another of Suissers.
The French Regiment consists of thirty Compa∣nies, of a hundred Men in a Company, besides four Serjeants. These Companies are called by their Captains Names. To this Regiment belong these Officers, viz. A Colonel, who is at present, the Duke de la Feuillade, whose yearly pay is 10000 l. Each Company has a Captain, a Lieutenant, a De∣puty-Lieutenant, an Ensign, and four Serjeants; and the Colonelry has three Lieutenants, three De∣puty Lieutenants, two Ensigns, and six Serjeants; there are likewise a Major, four Aid-Majors, four Sub-Aid-Majors. The Captains being thirty in num∣ber, have 3000 l. a year each, the Major as much, the two eldest Aid-Majors, 2500 l. each, the two others but 2000 l. the Sub-Aid-Majors, have each of them 1100 l. pay, and 900 l. gratuity, the Lieu∣tenants 1100 l. the Deputy, or Sub-Lieutenants 900 l. the Ensigns 660 l. The first Lieutenant of the Colonelry, who is called the Lieutenant-Captain, besides his Lieutenants pay, has also the pay of a Captain, and the Captain of the first Company fol∣lowing, besides his Captains pay, has the pay of a Lieutenant, as being Lieutenant-Colonel. More be∣longing to this Regiment are, two chief Muster-Ma∣sters, or Commissaries of the Conduct, and four
other Muster-Masters, two Marshals of the Lodg∣ings, or Quarter-Masters, called the Marshals of the Lodgings of the French Guards, and of the Regi∣ment of Guards, one Provost of the French Bands, and of the Regiment of Guards, one Lieutenant-Pro∣vost, one Register, twelve Archers, or Serjeants belonging to the Provost, and one Executioner. One Auditour-General of the French Bands, two Drum-Majors, one Serjeant appointed, or Pensioner, one Physician, with an Aid, or Assistant, one Apo∣thecary, one Chaplain, six Commissaries, and Comp∣trollers for the War, two other new created Comp∣trollers, two General Treasurers of the Extraordi∣naries for the War, and their Clerks or Deputies, and three other General Treasurers for the ordinary pay of the said Regiment.
Note, That the French Regiment of Guards takes always the right hand of the Regiment of the Suisse Guards, and when two Sentinels are placed, one French, and the other Suisser, the French-man stands on the right hand side, which is to be reckoned with relation to the Kings right hand, which chan∣ges, as he may be going or coming; and on all oc∣sions, when his Majesty, or other great Persons, to whom they owe honours, pass by, the French make a Rank on the right hand, and the Suissers on the left hand of them: It is likewise remarkable, that the Officers of the French Regiment wear gilt Cor∣slets, and the Suissers their only washt over with Silver. This Regiment is quarter'd in the several Suburbs, and Neighbouring Villages about Paris.
The Regiment of Suisse-Guards is composed of Suissers and Grisons, consisting in all of ten Compa∣nies, to which is lately added a new Company, though they have not yet been on duty near his Majesties Person.
There are Officers general, and Officers particu∣lar. The Officers general have Command, not only over this Regiment, but over all those of this Na∣tion in the service of France.
The Officers General, are a Colonel-General of the Suissers and Grisons, who is at present the Duke de Maine, the Kings Natural Legitimated Son by the Dutchess of Montespan, who has for himself, and twelve Halbardeers, that always attend on his Per∣son, 74088 l. a year, under whom, there is a Lieu∣tenant-Captain, a Lieutenant, a Deputy-Lieutenant, an Ensign, a Marshal of the Lodgings, and another, called the Great Harbinger, or Quarter-Master, an Interpreter, a Chyrurgeon Major, and an Almoner, or Chaplain.
The General Company has likewise a Court of Justice apart from the Regiment, which is the su∣preme one the Suissers have in France, and to which lies their last appeal from other particular ones, as we have elsewhere noted, to which belong a Great Judge, and other Assistants and necessary Offi∣cers.
To the Regiment of Suisse-Foot-Guards, belong, a Colonel, a Lieutenant-Captain, or Colonel, ano∣ther Lieutenant, a Deputy-Lieutenant, and an En∣sign; besides which, because in honour of the se∣veral Cantons and places whence they come, the King is pleased to join several Captains and other Officers of the same denomination with equal Com∣missions in one Company, because the number of men many times brought by each singly, is not sufficient to make a compleat Company alone, there are eleven Captains, nine Lieutenants, nine Deputy Lieutenants, and as many Ensigns, two Majors, one Muster-Master, with title of Commissary of the Conduct, another Muster-Master called Commissary
of the Review or Muster of the ten Companies; one Marshal of the Lodgings, or Quarter-Master, and an Aid, one Interpreter, two Almoners, or Chap∣lains, one Physician, one Chyrurgeon-Major, and one Auditour of the Bands.
This Regiment has likewise a peculiar Court of Justice, to which belong,
A Great Judge, a Great Provost, a Registrer, or Recorder, the particular Judges of every Company, the little Provosts, twenty Archers, or Serjeants belonging to the Great Judge, and an Execu∣tioner.
There are likewise three Treasurers, and four Comptrollers of the Regiment.
The Colonels pay of this Regiment, is 1160 l. a Month for himself, and 800 l. 8 d. a Month for the Officers of Justice, and each Captain receives Monthly for himself, and his Officers, and to keep his Company compleat, 4202 l. 2 d.
All the Officers and Souldiers, both of the French and Suisse Foot-Guards, are obliged to stand to their Arms, and to place themselves in two Ranks, from the Gate or Draw-bridge outward, the French on the right hand, and the Suissers on the left; the Captains appear at the head of their Companies, and as soon as his Majesty comes, the Suisse-Captains put on their Back, and Breast-Pieces.
Note, That the Captain either of the French or Suisse Foot-Guards, whose turn it is to be upon duty, or in his absence, one of his Officers, it is to take care the Watch-word be received and com∣municated in convenient time, and for that end, he is, if he be a French Captain, to go to the Colonel General of the French Foot-Guards, if a Suisser, to the Colonel-General of the Suissers, to know of him whether he be pleased to go and wait on the King for the Word, himself, if he Answers, Yes, he is to wait till he comes back, and take it of him. if no, he is to go and take it of his Majesty Himself,
and at his return, to Communicate it first to the Colonel-General, and then to the rest of the Officers concerned to know it.
When any Souldier of either of these Regiments of Foot-Guards, not being upon duty, desires to enter into the Kings Palace, he is to to leave his Bandiliers or Swivel with the Sentinel at the Gate.
There are two Companies of Musketeers on Horse-back, viz. The first Company called formerly the Great Musketeers, which are 250 in number, and a second Company formerly belonging to Cardinal Mazarine, whose number is not fixed.
This Company is divided into four Brigades: The Officers are, a Captain, who is the King, a Lieutenant-Captain, a Deputy-Lieutenant, whose pay is 200 l. a Month, an Ensign and a Cornet, whose Monthly pay is 150 l. to each; six Marshals of the Lodgings, or chief Quarter-Masters, the three first of which, have every of them, besides the Monthly pay of 75 l. 400 Crowns yearly Pen∣sion, and the other three only their bare pay. One Commissary of the Conduct, or Muster-Master, four Brigadeers, who besides their ordinary pay, which to every Man is 20 Crowns a Month, or 40 d. a day, have every of them a yearly Pension of 500 l. Sixteen Sub-Brigadeers, who have the like pay as the former, and 300 l. yearly Pension, a Major, and an Aid-Major, two Standard-Bearers, who have the same pay and Pension as the Sub-Brigadeers. Besides which there are three other Harbingers or Quarter-Masters, six Drummers, four Hoboys, one
Almouer or Chaplain, one Chyrurgeon, one Apo∣thecary, one Farrier, one Sadler, and one Armorer, whose pay is but fifteen Crowns a Month, or 30 d. a day.
The pay of the 250 Musketeers, is to every Man twenty Crowns a Month, or 40 d. a day.
There are three Treasurers that belong to both the Companies, and under them, one Pay-Master peculiar to this Company.
The Musketeers of the first Company have their Hats edged with gold Galoon, and those of the second, with gold and silver.
A Captain, who is the King, with the like num∣ber of other Officers as the first, with the like pay, bating only the three Fouriers, or Under-Quarter-Masters, the Sadler, and the Armorer, which I find not in the List of the Officers of this Company. They have likewise a Pay-Master of their own, but the Treasurers are the same with those of the for∣mer. Their present number is above 250. who have the same pay as those of the first Company.
The Musketeers of the first Company, are moun∣ted all on white Horses, and those of the second on black ones.
When the Musketeers do duty, or stand Sentinel in any of the passages about the Kings Palace, they are allowed their diet in specie, that is to say, Bread, Wine, and Portions of Meat.
Every Night the Lieutenant-Captain, the Deputy-Lieutenant, or other Commander in chief of the Musketeers for the time being, waits on the King, to know of his Majesty, whether he intends to go abroad the next day, that he may give timely no∣tice of it to the other Officers, and to the rest of the Company.
These Gentlemen, who are reckoned likewise among the Gentlemen in Ordinary of the Kings Houshold, and are commonly called Becs de Corbin, or Ravens Beaks, from the Falcions so called, they carry in their hands, were the first of all others, in∣stituted and established for the more secure and ho∣nourable guard of the Kings Person; and because at first, and for a long time, their number was but 100, though now for several Reigns together, they have been augmented to, and continued at 200. compleat, yet they still return the old name of the hundred Gentlemen.
Upon days of Ceremony and Solemnity, they march two and two before the King, with their Swords by their sides, and their Falcions called Becs de Corbin, or Ravens Beaks in their hands. They attended and served in this manner at the Corona∣tion, and Wedding of the present King, and since at the Ceremony of the Creation and Instalment of Knights in 1661. on which occasion, six of them marched two and two before his Majesty, and went into the Quire of the Augustins; the rest of them marcht on each side of the Knights.
In any Battel, they are always to keep near the Kings Person; they are divided into two Compa∣nies, the old one, and the new one, who have each of them their Captain, Lieutenant, and other in∣feriour Officers.