A key for Catholicks, to open the jugling of the Jesuits, and satisfie all that are but truly willing to understand, whether the cause of the Roman or reformed churches be of God ... containing some arguments by which the meanest may see the vanity of popery, and 40 detections of their fraud, with directions, and materials sufficient for the confutation of their voluminous deceits ... : the second part sheweth (especially against the French and Grotians) that the Catholick Church is not united in any meerly humane head, either Pope or council / by Richard Baxter, a Catholick Christian and Pastor of a church ...

Reader,

IF thou come hither with a practical esteem of Truth, desiring to know it that thou maist obey it, & with an humble mind dost study and pray to the Father of Lights, and art impartially willing to receive the Truth in the Love of it that thou maist be saved, and with diligence and meekness to read and weigh the Evidences that I bring thee, thou art then the person to whom I recommend these Papers with confident expectation of success. The Controversies here handled are those that have made, and still are making, the greatest comhustions in the Christian world. And yet to almost all men of learning on both sides they seem exceeding easie. I sel∣dom meet with a Learned Protestant but taketh Popery for such transparent fallacies, that he is little or no whit trou∣bled with any doubtings in the business: And I seldom meet with a Learned Papist but is as confident on the other side, as if besides them, all the Christian world were blind and mad. Interest and prejudice must needs do much then on one side at least. And which side hath the greatest worldly interest to by as their understanding, is soon discerned by one that knows the Papalpower, their Cardinals, Prelates, and the Riches, Honours and priviledges of their Clergy, and that knows our state. And if thou wilt hear the Reasons of the confidence of both sides, I will tell it thee here as briesly and plainly as I can.

We are confident of our own Religion, because we believe the Gospel: and we have no other Rule and Iest of our Reli∣gion:

And we are confident that Popery is a deceit, because we both believe the Gospel and the judgement of the ancient and present Churches, and because we believe our sense it self: As sure as we know Bread from Flesh, and Wine from Blood, by seeing, tasting, &c. so sure know we that Popery is false. And if a Controversie is not at an End when it is brought to the judgement of all the senses of all the sound men in the world (it being about the object of sense) then we are past hope of ending controversies: And there∣fore as we will not waste our time with every fellow that will dispute with us that Snow is black, or the Fire cold, no more will we trouble our selves with these men that tell us that Bread is not bread, and Wine is not wine.

And if you would know the Reasons of the confidence of the Papists, I know no more of them but what their Wri∣tings and speeches do express, and those I have hereafter given you. Two things they are still harping on: the first is, that in our way we have no assurance that the Chri∣stian Religion is true, or that Scripture is the word of God. Save me the labour of repetitions, and read but what I have witten in the Preface to the second Part of the Saints Rest (Edit. 2. &c.) where I give you the Resolution of our faith, and in my Safe Religion, Disp. 3. and then believe them if thou canst.

Their second is, that thred-bare Question [Where was your Church before Luther? Where hath it been suc∣cessively in each age?] And here meer Sophistry carry∣eth it through the Papal world, to the deluding of the simple that will be catcht with chaffe, and are not able to see things for Names. I have dealt with some of them that harped on this string, and never met with any thing from them that should seem considerable to a discerning man, save only the two unanswerable arguments of Confidence (that I say not Impudence) and Loquacity. Though I have more

fully shamed this Question in this Book, I will here also give you at the entrance, a short view of the case.

The men that ask us, where our Church and Religion was, either know not (through ignorance) or will not let others know (through wickedness) what our Church and Reli∣gion is. [Shew us (say they) a Church in all ages that held the thirty nine Articles, or that held all that the Protestants hold, or else they were not Protestants?] Forsooth, we must receive from them a Definition of a Pro∣testant, and then we must prove the succession of such. Know therefore before you dispute about the succession, what is the thing whose succession is questioned. [A Protestant is a Christian that holdeth to the holy Scriptures as the sufficient Rule of faith and holy living, and protesteth against Popery.] The Protestant Churches are Societies professing the Protestants Religion. [The Protestant Re∣ligion] is an improper speech, but [the Protestants Re∣ligion] is a phrase that we shall own. For [Protestancy] is not our Religion it self, but the Rejection of Popish cor∣ruptions of Religions or defiling Additions. If my Reje∣ctions of other mens Additions be themselves Additions, then is it in the power of any Heretick in the world to force me to Add to my Religion at his Pleasure. A thousand new Articles & Forms of Worship he may devise, and then must I add to my Religion by rejecting them all: even as I add to my Apple by wiping the dirt of it, or to my Cloaths, by brushing them. The Protestants Religion is only the Christian Religion the naked Christian Religion alone: The Papists the Christian Religion corrupted with abundance of additions. The Protestants ever disavowed any Confessions of men as pretended to be the Rule or Law of their Religion. The Protestants Religion is the Holy Scriptures alone] The Papists Religion is all that is decreed by the Pope and Coun∣cils. Our Religion containtd in the Scoipture hath its Es∣sentials

and Integrals. All the Essentials and as much of the Integrals as (in the use of means) we are able to under∣stand, we believe particularly and explicitely: the rest we believe generally and implicitely to be all true. So that as the Papists will not give us leave to take the writings of Gre••ser, Bellarmine or any of their Doctors, yea the Articles of their Divines at Thoren, Ratisbone, &c. to be therefore Articles of their faith, but only those that are contained in General Councils approved by the Pope; so we require the same justice of them that they call Nothing the Articles of our Faith, but what is contained in the Holy Scripture, which is the only Rule of our Religion. Do they know our Religion better then we do? This is our Religion, and this we stand to.

Well! Consider now whether any thing be easier then for a Protestant to shew you a visible Church that hath succes∣sively been of his Religion.

1. The Christian Religion hath been in all ages since Christ in visible Societies: The Religion of Protestants is the Christian Religion: therefore the Religion of Prote∣stants hath been in all ages since Christ in visible Societies.

2. That Religion which is contained in the Holy Scrip∣ture as its Rule or sufficient Revelation, hath been professed in all ages in visible Churches. But the Religion of Prote∣stants is contained in the Holy Scriptures as its Rule or suf∣ficient Revelation: therefore the Religion of Protestants hath been professed in all ages in visible Churches.

We name the Societies from the places of their residence: Our Church (as Augustine tels the Donatists) begun at Hierusalem, and thence was dispersed into Asia, Africa and Europe; it hath continued in Syria, Aethiopia, Aegypt, India, Greece, &c. If I could name but one Nation that had been of my Religion, I should suspect it were not the true Religion. It is the Christian world that is instead of a Catalogue to us.

O but, say the Juglers, This is a General answer, to say you are Christians: there are more sorts of Chri∣stians then One. I Reply; It is the General or Catho∣lick that we are speaking of; and therefore if it were not such a General answer, it were not pertinent to the Que∣stion: There are no more sorts of Christians but One; that is, there is no Essential difference among them; but there is a gradual, integral and modal difference. But may not Christians of several Degrees of Knowledge be in the same Catholick Church? Our question is not, [Where any Sect, or any particular Church hath had its succession:] but [where that Catholick Church hath been, of which we are members.] And surely Christ hath but One Ca∣tholick Church.

O but, say they, would you make men believe that Ethiopians, Armenians, Greeks, &c. are Protestants? you may be ashamed of so gross a fiction.

I answer, Is it the Name of Protestants, or their Religion, that you would have us prove a succession of? These deceivers cheat abundance of poor souls by this one device, even supposing that the word [Protestant] doth denominate our Church from its Essential parts, and so call for a Catalogue of Protestants. But I would ask them, whether we or they do better know our Religion? and con∣sequently what a Protestant is? If they know it at all, it is from our writings or expressions; For sure they will not pretend without signs to know our hearts, and that better then our selves. You must take it from us, if you will know what our Religion is, as we must take it from you, if we will know yours. And therefore delude not silly souls by perswading them that you know what our Religion is better then we. If you will believe our Books that tell you, believe our sayings also, and believe me that here tell you my own Religion. [A Protestant is a Christian that

protesteth against Popery ]Christianity is our Religion: Protesting against Popery is our Negation or Rejection of your Corruptions of Religion. Men that never heard of the name of Papist or Protestants, may be of the same Religion with us. If many Nations of the world never received Popery, and we reject it; if they never knew it, and we know it and disown it, are we not both of one Re∣ligion, even in the Integrals? One man never heard of the Leprosie: another catcheth it and is cured of it; and a third flyeth from it and preventeth it; And I think all these are truly men; yea and (in tantum) sound men. When you call to us for a proof of our succession, either you mean it, of the Essentials of our Religion and Church, or of the Negation of your Corruptions: Either you mean it of the points that we are Agreed in, or of those we dif∣fer in: Christianity is it that we are Agreed in; and that is our Religion, and nothing but that: Protestancy as such, is but our wiping off the dirt, or curing the scab that you have brought upon our Religion, Is he not a man as well as you that will not tumble with you in the dirt, or come into your Pesthouse? If we know not our own Re∣ligion, then we cannot tell it you; and then you cannot know it: And if we do know it, believe us, when we profess our own Belief: We still profess before men and Angels, that we own no Religion but the Christian Reli∣gion, nor any Church but the Christian Church, nor dream of any Catholick Church but one, containing all the true Christians in the world, united in Jesus Christ the Head. We protest before men and Angels that it is the Holy Scri∣ptures that are the Law and Rule and Test of our Reli∣gion; And why are we not to be Believed in this our own Profession, as well as you are in yours, when you make the Decrees of Popes and Councils to be your Law and Rule and Tests?

We perform therefore more then you demand. You ask us Where was our Church before Luther? And we answer, Where our Religion was. You ask us, Where was that? and we tell you Where ever the Christian Religion was, and the Holy Scriptures were received. This were enough for us in answer to your Question: But we do more: We tell you not only where our Church and Religion was, but where there were men that owned not your grand Corruptions, no more then we: What can you demand more of us, when you call for a succession of Protestants, then that we tell you of a succession of Christians (which are of our Religion) and which were no Papists, yea against Popery, (which therefore were of our integrity) And who knoweth not that the foresaid Abassines, Armenians, Egyptians, Greeks, &c. are against your Papal Soveraignty, Infallibility, and all that is by us renounced as Essential to Popery?

O but, say the Juglers, these are not Protestants; they differ from you in many particulars.] I answer, Call them by what name you please; they are not only Christians, but also Anti-papists, or free from Popery, and then they are of our Religion and Church. But in∣deed, must the world be made believe that all that we Be∣lieve is essential to our Religion, and that no man that differeth from us can be of our Religion, be the difference never so small?

But say they, tell us of a Church that professes your 39 Articles. Silly deceivers! Do not those very Articles profess that [The Holy Scripture containeth all things necessary to salvation, so that whatever is not read therein, nor may be proved thereby, is not to be re∣quired of any man that it should be believed as an Article of the Faith, or be thought requsite or ne∣cessary to Salvation.] Art. 6. We never took these

Articles instead of the Scripture, but the Articles and all Protestants profess the Scripture to be the only Rule and Test of their Faith and Religion. The substance of the 39 Articles may easily be proved to have been successively held by the Church from the beginning; but it is not incumbent on us to prove that every word in the writings of every Divine, or Church, hath been so continued; no more then you will own the writings of any Divines or Pro∣vincial Synods of your own, as being the Rule of your Faith. As you profess that the Decrees of Popes and general Coun∣cils approved by him, besides the Scriptures, are the Rule and Test of your Religion; so do we profess that the Scriptures alone (with the Law of Nature) is the Rule of ours.

But, what (say they) will you be of the same Church with Nestorians, Eutichians, and other Hereticks? I Answ. 1. We will not take all for Nestorians, or Euti∣chians, that a railer can call such, that never knew them, nor can prove it. 2. Hereticks indeed that deny any essential part of Christianity, are no Christians, anh there∣fore none of the Church that we are of: but if you will call those Hereticks that have all the essentials of Chri∣stianity, because they err in lesser points, we know that there are such in the Catholick Church: We will be none of them our selves, if we can escape it (yet indeed have no hope of escaping all error till we are perfect in know∣ledge:) But we will not run out of the family of God, because there are children and sick persons in it: Nor will we for sake the Catholick Church because there are erring persons in it.

O but, saith the Papist, We acknowledge not your distinction of points Essential and not Essential; all points of Faith are Essential with us, and of necessity to Salvation.] Answ. Reader, thou shalt see here such

impudent and faithless jugling, as may make thee blush to think that Christianity hath such professors. 1. The Out∣side of their assertion damneth no aess then all the world (that live to the use of Reason) 2. The Inside of their de∣ceitful meaning is almost clean contrary, and leaveth Heathens and Infidels in the Church, or in a state of sal∣vation as well as Christians. 3. It leaveth no one Article of faith essential to a Christian, or to one that shall be saved; and leaveth the Church an Invisible thing, clean contrary to their own assertions of its Visibility. 4. And when they have thus wrangled themselves into a wood of contradicti∣ons and Unchristian absurdities, the wisest of them say as we say, in the main point. All this I will now manifest to thee.

1. The Out-side of their assertion is that Every point that we are bound to belive by a Divine faith, is funda∣mental, or essential to Christian faith, or of necessity to salvation. And if so, then no man breathing can be sa∣ved: For no man knoweth all that he is bound to know. And no man believeth that which he understandeth not: It is impossible to believe that such a Proposition is a truth distinctly and actually, when I understand not what the Proposition is. And that we all know but in part, even what we are obliged to know, no man will deny, but he that is mad by pride or faction: All that God hath revealed in his word, is the matter of our faith: There is to man can say, I have no culpable ignorance of any one Truth of God that I should believe. Had we been more perfect in our diligent studies, and prayers, and use of all means; and had we never sinfully grieved the spirit that should illu∣minate us, (to say nothing of our Original sinfull dark∣ness) there is not one of us but might have known more then we do. If sin of the will and life be consistent with true faith, then some sin in the understanding is consistent with faith. But the former is true: therefore, &c. But

according to the out-side of their doctrine, no man that hath any sinfull ignorance (and consequently unbelief) in his understanding can be saved; that is, no man in the world. If he that thinks he knowth any thing, knoweth nothing as he ought to know, 1 Cor. 8. 2. what shall be said of these men, that think they and all the Church do know all things that they ought to know, and that their understand∣ings have no sin? And must we needs be of that faith that damneth all men, and of that Church where none are saved?

2. As the Out-side of their Assertions is made for a bug-bear to frighten fools, so that the In-side (as expound∣ed by many of them) is that Heathens and Infidels may be of their Church or saved, and that nothing of the Chri∣an faith at all is necessary to salvation, is plain: For they 'tell us that they mean, that all points are of neces∣sity, where they are sufficiently proposed, and mens ignorance is not invincible; but where there is no sufficient proposal, but mens ignorance is invincible, or such as comes not from a wilfull neglect of means, there no ignorance of the articles of faith is damnable, and so no article ab∣solutely necessary: so that the question indeed is not Whe∣ther men believe or not? but Whether they are Unbelievers or Heathens or ignorant persons, by a willfull neglect of sufficiently proposed Truth, or not? So that all that part of the Heathen or Infidell world (O how great) that have no such proposals of the Gospel, may not only be saved, but be better and safer then most Christians (if not all) who certainly are sinfully ignorant of some truth which they ought to know.

Obj. But (say they) it will not stand with faith to deny belief to God in any thing, sufficiently re∣vealed: for he that believeth him in one thing, belie∣veth him in all.]

Answ. Very true, if they know it to be the Word of God. And if this be all, the Protestants are ready to averre upon their most solemn Oaths, that they believe every thing without exception which they know to be a Divine Re∣velation: and no wonder; for so doth every man that believes that there is a God and that he is no lyar. If this will serve your turn, you have no more to say against us; your mouths are stopt. But may it not stand with faith to be ignorant, and that through sinfull neglect, of some revealed truth of God, or of the meaning of his word? If you are so proud as to think that all the justified are per∣fect and have no sin, yet at last consider whether a man that liveth in Heathenism til fourscore years of age, and then turns Christian, is not afterward ignorant through his former sinfull negligene? But dare you say that you have no sinfull ignorance to bewail? Will you con∣fess none, nor beg pardon, or be beholden to Christ to par∣don it?

That they make no point of faith necessary, while they seem to make all necssary, see but what I have after cited from Frans. à S. Clara probl. 15, 16, 17. and abun∣dance more that are mentioned there by him.

3. And that by this Protean jugling, they make the Church invisible, is apparent. For what man breathing knoweth the secrets of the souls of others, whether they have resisted or not resisted the light? and whether they are ignorant of the articles of faith upon sinfull contempt, or for want of some due means of faith, or internal capa∣city, or opportunity? We are as sure that all men are ig∣norant of some thing that God hath revealed to be known (in nature and Scripture) as that they are men: But now whether any one of these men be free from those aggravati∣ons of his ignorance (and that in every point) upon which the Papists make him an unbeliever, is unknown to others:

When the Faith or Infidelity of men, and so their being in the Church or out of it, must not be known by the Matter of Faith which they profess, but by the secret passages of their hearts, their willingness or unwillingness, resistance or not resistance, and such like, the Church then is invisible; no man can say which is it, nor who is of it: He that professeth not the Faith, may be a Catholick; and he that professeth it, for ought they know, may be an Infidel, as being sinfully yet ignorant of some one truth that is not in his express confessi∣on: thus by confusion the bulders of Babel marre their work.

4. And that the wisest of them, say in the main as we say, see here in some proofs. Bellarm. de Verbo Dei, lib. 4. cap. 11. [In the Christian Doctrine both of Faith and Manners, some things are simply necessary to sal∣vation to all; as the Knowledge of the Articles of the Apostles Creed, of the ten Commandements, and of some Sacraments. The restore not so necessary, that a man cannot be saved without the explicite Knowledge, belief and profession of them—These things that are simply necessary and are profitable to all, the Apo∣stles preached to all—Allthings are Written by the Apostles which are Necessary to all, and which they openly preacht to all] see the place.

Costerus Echirid. c. 1. p. 49. Non inficiamur prae∣cipua illa fidei capita quae omnibus Christianis cognitu sunt ad salutem Necessaria, perspicuè satis esse Apo∣stolicis scriptis comprehensa] That is; We deny not that those Chief Heads of the Faith which are to all Christians necessary to be known to salvation, are perspicuously enough comprehended in the Writings of the Apostles.] Judge by these two (to spare the trou∣ble of citing more) whether they be not forced after all their Cavils, to say as we, in distinguishing of Articles of Faith. And they cannot be ignorant, that the Church

hath still had Forms of Profession, which were called her Symbols, as being the Badge of her Members; and did not suspend all upon uncertain conjectures about the frame and temper of the Professors minds.

But if indeed it be not the want of Necessary Articles of Faith that they accuse us of, but the want of willingness or diligence to know the truth, let them prove their accusati∣ons, and let those persons that they prove guilty bear the blame. Do they think we would not as willingly know the truth as they? and that we do not pray as earnestly for Divine illumination? Do we not read their Books? (I verily think incomparably more then they do ours,) and are we not willing to confer with the wisest of them that can inform us? I have often privately and publickly de∣sired you that if any of them can say more then all these Schoolmen, Fryars and Jesuites say, which I have read, they would let me hear it, that I may want no means they can afford me for my fuller information.

But yet they have not done with us. When we prove a succession of our Religion, by proving a succession of such as adhered to the Scriptures, which are the Doctrine of our Religion (an Argument that no Papist under heaven can confute,) they vainly tell us, that All Hereticks pretend to Scripture, and therefore that will not prove the point.

But 1. Doth it follow that Scripture is not a sufficient Rule of our Religion, because Hereticks may pretend to it? You take the 39 Articles for our Religion, and yet may Hereticks that are far from our minds, pretend to them. It's the liker to be the Rule because all Hereticks pretend it, and would borrow credit from it to their Heresies. The Law of the Land is the Rule of our Justice; and yet Lawyers and their Clients that are contrary to each other, do plead it for their contrary Causes. The Creed it self is pretended by Arrians for their Heresie. What must we

have no Rule or Test or discovery of our Religion which a Heretick can pretend for his impiety. What words of God or man are not capable of being misinterpreted? If we should give you every day a confession of Faith, some He∣reticks might pretend to hold the same: No wonder then if they do so by the Scriptures.

2. And can any Learned Papists be so ignorant, as not to know that the Arrians pretended the Authority of Ge∣neral Councils? and so do many other Hereticks; and that the Authority of Pope and Councils are frequently pre∣tended for contrary opinions among them, and may be pretended by many an Heretick? And will they therefore grant that the Decrees of Popes and Councils are no suf∣ficient discovery of their Faith? If Hereticks pretending to your Test of Faith, disprove not that to be your Faith, then Hereticks pretending to our Rule and Test of Faith (which is the Holy Scripture) is no proof that it is not our Rule of Faith.

I do therefore conclude, that the Proof of a Succession of such Churches as have received the Holy Scriptures, is a valid proof of a succession of Churches of our Religion, seeing we have no Religion (doctrinally) but the Holy Scriptures. And this as far as modesty will permit, I challenge all the Jesuites on Earth to confute with any solid Reasons: yet adding that we do ex superabundanti prove a succession also of Churches that never owned Popery, even the greatest part of the Christian world. But let these men themselves but prove to us a succession of their Church, even such as they require of us; Let them prove that from the Apostles days the Catholick Church (or any one Congregation of twenty men) did hold all that now their Councils and Popes have Decreed, and are esteemed Ar∣ticles of their Faith, and I am contented to be their bond∣slave for ever, or to bear a fagot, or be used by them as

cruelly as their malice can invent, or flames or their strappado's execute. Let my Head be at their Mercy if they can but prove that Succession of Popery, as they require us to do of Protestancy, or as I have produced of our Churches and Religion. In the 15^th and 16^th Detection I have more largely spoken to them of this point, to which I refer the Reader.

In the very principal point of their Papal Soveraignty, they have nothing but this gross deceit to cheat the world with: The Roman Emperors divers ages after Christ, did give the Bishop of Rome a Primacy in their Empire, and hence these men would perswade us, that even from Christ they have had a Soveraignty over all the Christian world. Wink but at these small mistakes, and they have won the Cause: 1. Suppose but Christs Institution to stand in stead of the Emperors. 2. Suppose divers hundred years after Christ, to have been in the Apostles days. 3. Sup∣pose Primacy to be Soveraignty or Universal Government. 4. But especially grant them, that the Roman Empire was all the Christian world; and then they have made good that part of their Cause.

That there were many Nations without the reach of the Roman Empire, that had received the Christian Faith, is past doubt. Socrates lib. 1. c. 15. saith that Thomas chose Parthia, Bartholomew chose India, Matthew Ethiopia, to plant the Gospel in; but the middle India was not converted till Constantines days, by Frumentius and Ede∣sius; and Iberia by a Maid.] So Euseb. l. 3. c. 3. tells us of Thomas his Preaching to the Parthians, and An∣drew to the Scythians. ] Et in vit. Const. l. 4. c. 8. that there were many Churches in Persia, & cap. 91. how Constantine wrote for them to the King.] Godignus and others of them maintain that the Abassines did re∣ceive the Gospel from the beginning. Besides Scotland

and many other Countries that were not under the Roman Power. And none of these were Governed by the Pope.

These three Arguments against the Papal Cause, I shall here premise to more that follow.

1. If all that part of the Christian world that was out of the reach of the Roman Empire, did never submit to the Soveraignty of the Pope, then hath he not been suc∣cessively (or at any time) the actual Head of the Univer∣sal Church: But the Antecedent is most certain: there∣fore so is the Consequent.

How an old woman, the Emperors Mother of Habassia, did baffle their Jesuites, by asking them [ How it came to pass, if obedience to the Pope be necessary to salvation, that they never had heard from him till now? ] I have told you after from themselves.

If Primacy were Soveraignty, and Emperors and Coun∣cils were Gods, yet the Indians, Abassines, Persians, and many more in the East, and the Scots, and Irish, and Danes, and Sweeds, and Poles, and Muscovites, and most of Germany in the West and North, should be no sub∣jects of the Pope.

2. If the Rule and Test of the Faith of Papists never had a Real Being, or no succession from the Apostles, then their Faith and Church hath either no Real Being, or no such Succession: But the Antecedent is true: as I prove.

It is either General Councils, or Popes, or the Church Essential (as they use to call it, that is, the Whole Body) that is the Rule of their Faith. If it be General Councils, 1. They had no being from the Apostles till the Council of Nice; therefore the Rule of the Papists Faith was then unborn. 2. Yea they never had a being in the world: There was ne∣ver any thing like a General Council since the days of the Apostles to this day. The first at Nice had none, (save one John of Persia, who its like was some persecuted

Bishop that was fled, or if one or two more its not material), but the Bishops of the Empire, and out of the Western parts so few as was next to none: The following Councils, as Constantinop. 1. &c. were only out of one piece of the Empire: The Council of Trent I disdain to reckon among the modester pretenders to an Universality.

2. And if it be not General Councils, but the Pope that is the Rule of their Faith; then, 1. Their Faith hath been interrupted, yea and turned to Heresie and to Infidelity when the Pope hath so turned. 2. And why then do they tell our people, that they take not the Pope for the Rule of their Faith?

3. If it be the Major part of the Universal Church, 1. It's known that two to one are against them, or at least the Greater part: therefore by that Rule their Faith in the Papal Soveraignty is false. 2. And yet it would be hard, if a man must be of no Belief, till he have brought the world to the pole for it.

Argum. 3. If all the stir that the Papists make in the world for the Papal Government be but to rob Christian Princes and Magistrates of their Power, then are they but a seditious Sect: But the Antecedent is apparent: For there are but two sorts of Government in the Church: The one is by the Word applyed unto the Conscience, which worketh only on the willing; either by General exhorta∣tions as in Preaching; or by personal application, as in Sacraments, Excommunication and Absolution: And this is the work of the present Pastors, and cannot be performed by the Pope: Nor would he be content with this, to govern Volunteers. The other is by Commands, that shall be seconded with force: And this is proper to the Magistrate. But if they will be deluded to give up their Crowns and Scepters to the Pope, let them stand as the objects of the compassion of Spectators.

Much more then I have here given you, I had prepared of the Testimony of Antiquity against them. But here is more then they are able solidly to answer, and I was afraid of over-whelming the capacity of ordinary Readers. I understand not the French Tongue; but by the Testimony of Learned men that understand them, and especially by the help * 1.1 of a Noble friend that hath vouchsafed to translate some part of them for my use, I am imboldened to a confidence, that the two famous Confutations of the great Perron, will stand to the perpetual shame of Popery, which none of them will be ever able to Reply to, without as great a dishonour to their Cause as will follow their not daring to Reply: I mean, Blondell's Book De Primatu in Ecclesia (which overwhelms them utterly with the witness of Antiquity) & Pet. Molinaeus de Novitate Papismi (which I hope his Reverend Son of his name may live to help us to in English.) But if any of the Romanists that dare not meddle with those Cham∣pions, nor dash themselves upon those Pillars, shall yet vouchsafe an Answer to this smaller work, I do hereby assure him, that if he wil do it soberly, in the fear of God, in a way of close and solid Arguing, he will perform a task that will be very acceptable to me. But niblers, snarlers, cavillers, and senseless praters I shall contemn.

Richard Baxter.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Right Honourable the Earl of Lauderdaile: a person whose eminent Godli∣ness and Learning occasioneth the sorrow of his Countrey, that is deprived of him, in such days as these when Piety is so much esteemed.