The estates, empires, & principallities of the world Represented by ye description of countries, maners of inhabitants, riches of prouinces, forces, gouernment, religion; and the princes that haue gouerned in euery estate. With the begin[n]ing of all militarie and religious orders. Translated out of French by Edw: Grimstone, sargeant at armes.

[ A] OF THE REALME OF [ B] HONGARIE.

The Contents.

1. WHat Prouinces and Countries Are contained vnder Hongarie, and from whence it takes the name. 2. The boundes of this realme, and climat. 3. Diuision of Hongarie into two parts, and whence comes the name of Buda, the chiefe towne of the realme, the goodlie, and strong scituation thereof. 4. Description of other chief•• townes, amongst the which is Stridon where S. Ierome was borne, and Iemarin [ C] commonly called Rab. 5. Of the wheat of Hongarie changing euery third yere to a better kind. Of the Sulphurous wines of a strong sent, and making men suddenly drunke. 6. Description of riuers, lakes, and fountaines of hot physicall waters, and the most famous mountaines of the countrie. 7. Of the minerall salt of Maromarusia, and the miraculous waters turning wood in∣to stone: other waters which boyling transforme their element into stone: others which run in Winter, and freese in Sommer, and others which mollifie yron like dirt. 8. Of the copper-mines of Meusole: and of the gulfe in the countie of Zoile, which hath such a deadly sent as it kills birds that flie ouer it. 9. Hongarie inhabited at diuers times by diuers barbarous Nations, as Pan∣noniens, Gothes, Huns, and Scythians. 10. Of the disposition of the nine Circles which in old time did enuiron the countrie, and the watchword which was giuen from one Circle vnto ano∣ther. [ D] 11. Hongarians in old time sauage, seditious, and reuenge full; at this day ciuile, and gi∣uen to the exercises of armes. 12. Their manner of liuing, and apparrell: of their marriages and funeralls. Hongarians accustomed to weare long mustachoes and shauen beards. 13. Their wealth consisting in cattell, and aboundance of victualls, and of the small forces of this realme. 14. Of two chiefe magistrats of Hongarie, whereof the Palatin is the first; and of the kings other officers. 15. Of the cumbat which they grant in causes that are hard to decide. 16. Of successions, whereof the males onely are capable. 17. Diuersitie of sects of religion which raign in Hongarie. 18. Of the number of Archbishops and Bishops which are in this Estate. 19. A Catalogue of the kings of Hongarie, their raigne, and death. 20. Relation of the troubles which happened in the yere 1605, for matters of religion, and for the charges and dignities of armes. [ E] 21. Articles of the peace made for Hongarie, with Botscay in September 1606. 22. Confe∣rence at Debrita betwixt the Embassadors and Deputies of the Emperor and Archbishop Mathi∣as: and of that which was concluded for the deciding of their controuersies. 23. Ceremonies obserued in Hongarie at the reception and coronation of king Mathias.

SEing that this Estate hath beene alwaies diuided from the Empire, it is not impertinent to make a particular discourse thereof, to the end we may know the countrie which king Mathias had vnder his power, being but king of Hongarie. It doth therefore containe at [ I] this day all base Pannonia, called the second Proconsularie, all the [ F] countrie of the Iazygiens Metanastes, which Ptolome containes betwixt the riuers of Danou and Tibisce, and the mountains of Sarmatia, and it doth also imbrace that part of Dacia, which they call Transiluania, the which notwithstanding, hath his Vayuodes, and obeies not this new prince. It hath taken this name from the Huns or Hongres, a people of Scythia which haue dwelt there, and

which came out of Iuhre, or Iugre, a countrie of Scythia lying vpon the North-West, [ A] the which is now tributarie to the duke of Muscouia.

[ II] This realme hath for bounds vpon the South, the riuer of Saue, which diuides it from Croatia and Seruia, and they are in that part of Sclauonia which lookes toward the Adriaticke sea▪ vpon the North Polonia and Russia, diuided by the mountaine of Cat∣patia: vpon the West Austria, sometimes the chiefe poruince of high Hongarie, with Morauia and Stiria: and vpon the East the riuer of Tibisce, called at this day Tisce, or Patisce. But if we will comprehend Transiluania in this realme, it shall haue for limit vp∣on the East, the two Valachies, that is to say, the Sousaspina and Moldauia, diuided by the riuer of Alute, called at this day Oli by the Hongarians, and Ali by the Germans. [ B]

Transiluania (which is comprehended by some within the realme of Hongarie) is cal∣led by the Saxons Seuenburgen, or septem Castra, for that they had built seuen Castles there. It is enuironed round about with high hills and woods, as with walls, so as the passages into it are very difficult, by certaine riuers and brookes, among which there is the riuer of Alutha, where there is a strong Castle built, called Roteth, to defend the pas∣sage; and vpon the riuer of Mariscus is another fort called Brosch. The chiefe townes are Hermanstade, Corona or Cronstat, Schlesbourg, Medowiza, Nosa, Clausenbourg, Millenbach, Weissenbourg: but the chiefe towne is Cibinium or Hermanstade, seated in a moorish place, so as the accesse vnto it is very difficult. The countrie is populus, and the hills are rich in gold mines; neither doe they want siluer, copper, yron, nor falt. They [ C] haue store of wine, but not so good as Hongarie, and plentie of corne and cattell. It breeds wild horses which are exceeding swift, whose manes hang downe to the ground. There be also wild bulls, and vre oxen as they call them. Towards the North there is a prouince whose people are called Siculi, they are very warlike, and there is no difference of degrees among them, but they doe all hold themselues equall, being subiect to no prince. They haue three places which they call seats, that is, Kisdy, Orbay, and Scepsy, in these places they meet if there be any thing that concerns the commonweale, where they speake the Hongarian tongue.

They place this realme in the middest of the sixt and seuenth climats, so as it compre∣hends the sixteenth and seuenteenth parallels, and the longest day in Sommer is aboue [ D] fifteene hours and a halfe vnto sixteene.

[ III] Hongarie is diuided into two parts, whereof the one is called, on this side the riuer of Danou, and the other beyond it, and the riuer of Tisse runs through the last. The chiefe citie of the realme is Buda, the which (as they say) carries the name of Attilas brother, or else they draw it from the Budins a people of Scythia, of whom Heroditus makes men∣tion: Appian, Irenicus, and Althamera take it for Curte mentioned by Ptolome, others for Aquincum, whereof the same author speakes, and Autonin: the vulgar people call it Offen. If we will consider the scituation of this towne, which is partly hillie, and well fortified, we shall find that there is not any more pleasant nor stronger in all Hongarie [ IIII] It was taken by Soliman Emperor of the Turkes, the twentieth of August 1526. The [ E] other townes are Bosonia, commonly called Preszbourg, a good town, whereas the riuer of Lext diuiding high Hongarie from the lower, falls into the riuer of Danou: this town is auncient, and hath a pleasant scituation, with a good aire, and exceeds many townes in Hongarie in beautie; in the suburbs vpon the top of a high mountaine there is a cas•••••• which is exceeding strong. We see also in Hongarie, Belgrada, called by the ancients Taurunum, vulgarly Albagreque, and in the German tongue Griechs Weissenbourg, the which was taken by Soliman in the yere of Grace 1520. Next along the riuer of Da∣nou stands-Singidum taken also by the Turke. In the middest of the way betwixt the•••• two townes is the valley of Maxons, whereas Iohn Huniades woon a famous victorie of Mahomet Emperor of the Turkes, in the yeare 1456. Going vp the riuer th••r•• are man•• [ F] places which the Turkes haue taken from the Christians, as the towne of V••••pe in th•• yeare 1543, that of Quinque Esglises vpon the riuer of Draue t••ken the same y••are. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 towne of Zigeth taken in the yeare 1566. There is also in this realme the towne of ••••••∣gonia vpon the riuer of Danou, commonly called Gran, sometimes an Arc••bishop••••••

[ A] but now made a prey to the Turkes. Alba-regale, otherwise called Stulw••y••••nbourg, a place appointed for the interment and coronation of the kings of Hongarie, and it was taken by the Turke, in the yeare of our Saluation 1543. Neere vnto the ••ame countrie is Stridon, whereas S. Ierome was borne, and in like manner the strong towne of Comora, which the Turkes haue so often attempted in vaine, standing in an Island of the ••ame name. There is also Iauerin, commonly called Rab, a towne seated vpon the riuer of Danou, the which seemes impregnable, and yet was first taken by the Turke, and after∣wards recouered by the industrie of Monsieur de Vaubecourt, a French gentlemen. I passe ouer in silence the other townes, as of small note. Neere vnto Iauerin, vpon the bankes [ B] of the riuer of Danow, towards the East, are to be seene some remainders of markes of Traians bridge, built vpon that riuer in Moesia, an admirable and memorable worke, con∣sisting of twentie Arches, of square stone, the which were one hundred and fiftie foot high, besides the foundation, and sixtie foot broad, and they are seuentie foot one from another. It is a thing to be admired by what meanes, force, or art, they could build these seuerall pillars in this deepe and violent streame, and lay the foundations of so great a burthen, the bottome of the riuer being verie muddie, and there being no meanes to turne the course of the water. The Arches about the water were ••uined by the com∣maundement of Adrian the Emperour, but the Piles stand still, for a testimonie to poste∣ritie; that there was nothing impossible to the power and wealth of the Roman empire.

[ C] ¶ The Qualitie.

THe realme of Hongarie is by nature prouided for of all things, for that there growes [ V] all sorts of graine, and diuers fruits in aboundance, for the soyle is so fertile, as the wheat changeth euerie third yeare to a better kind, and there are in this countrie certaine kinds of wheat which differs from ours, and the soyle brings ••orth corne in a manner without tillage. It doth also yeeld diuers sorts of wines which are verie wholesome, and so excellent, as some of them yeeld nothing to them of Candie. That which growes neere to the towne of Sirmia is held the best, but that which growes in the countie of [ D] Pissill, ••ath a troublesome tast, and doth soone distemper, by reason of the hot and sul∣phuri•• waters. The countrie abounds so in oxen and sheepe as it is admirable. There is also great store of Hares, fallow Deere, Goats, Stagges, Wildboares, Wolues, Beates, and such like beasts. In like manner, there are diuers sorts of birds, especially of Gos••aukes, Partriges, and Phesants. Moreouer, there are many vaines of gold, siluer, copper, steele, and yron: and they not onely find gold in mynes, but also in the sand of ri∣uers. There is also some little store of tinne and lead.

Finally, there is scarce any countrie that hath more and greater, riuers than Honga∣rie; [ VI] nor more nauigable or better replenished with fish. There are the riuers of Danou, (sometimes called Ister) Saue, Draue, and Ti••••e, w••••••••of the three first are common to [ E] some other prouinces, but Tisse belongs onely v••to Hongarie; for it riseth in M••r••mu∣sia; vnder the high tops of the mountaines of Carpathia, and it abounds more in fish than all the other riuers of Hongarie; for there they find great store of Sturg••ons, Pikes, (which sometimes haue liuers halfe an ••ll long), Carpes, and other fish. There are also other ••isters, besides the abouenamed, in which th••re are great store of Trouts, Sal∣mons, Perches, Lampries, Barbels, and other fish and they doe also find gold among the sand. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 There are great mountaine••, whereof the most famous is that of Z••rchual, called in old time by the Grecians Carpathia, by reason of the fruit and benefit of the mynes: the second is that of Matran neere vnto Agria, the which is couered with vines: and the third and great••st of all is Erdell.

[ F] I•• like manner there are many lakes in Hongarie, whereof the chi••••e is that of Bola∣ton, called by the Germans Plathe, the which hath fortie Italian miles in l••ngth, and eight Hongarian leagues in breath. This countrie abounds in minerall ••alt at M••••oma∣rusia, [ VII] and other places, the which they cut like vnto a stone: and there is a ••••untaine whose water falling vpon the ground growes hard, and turnes into a stone. There ar••

also baths and physicall waters, especially about Buda. There are hot waters, whose fish [ A] being taken forth and put into cold, dies presently. The waters of the countie of Liptoue neere vnto the village of S. Iohn, are good against scabbes. In the territorie of Zepus there are waters whereas wood is turned into stone: and neere vnto S. Martins Church, in the same place, there is a water which seemes to boyle, the which turns into stone, both aboue and vnder the ground, and this stone is almost like vnto the Pumeise. Neere vnto the same place, there are waters which flow in winter, and freese in sommer, so as they are accustomed to go thither to seeke for yce.

[ VIII] In the countie of Zolie, there is a gulfe or breach in the ground, which casts forth such a deadly stinke, as it kills the birds that flie ouer it. Neere vnto the towne of Smolnice [ B] in the mountaines, there is a certaine water which falls into ditches whereas yron in a short time growes as soft as durt, and if they melt it, makes verie good copper. Neere vnto the towne of Bistrick, called in the German tongue Mensole, there are verie rich mines of brasse, the which they now call Royal, out of the which comes a certain greene water, whereof they make Iolder for gold.

¶ The Manner of the Ancients.

[ IX] HOngarie was for a long time a retreat for many strange nations: for it was first inha∣bited by the Panonians and Peonians, then vpon the declining of the Roman em∣pire, [ C] by the Gothes, who were expelled by the Hun••. The Lombards followed them, and held it two and fortie yeres: then the Huns succeeded them vnder their king Attila, who inriched this countrie with the spoyles of other nations. But Charlemaine vanquished them, and tooke from them a great treasure which they had gathered together, at Buda. Lastly, in the yeare of Grace 900, in the time of the Emperour Arnold, the Hongres comming out of Scythia, ••el vpon this countrie, who joyning with the remainders of the Huns, spoyled all Germanie; but in the end, they were somewhat supprest by a defeat which was giuen them by the Emperour Otho, neere vnto Ausbourg, in the yeare of our Redemption 954.

[ X] In old time, the inhabitants of this countrie had inuironed it about with nine circles, [ D] which the German call Hagues, wherof euerie one was so made of beech, oake, or firre, as it contained twentie foot in br••dth, and as much in heigth. All the places thus inui∣roned were filled with chalke that was verie glutinous, or with verie hard stones, and the top of the rampiers were couered with great flagges of earth ful of grasse, and at the cor∣ners of these rampiers they had planted little trees, which being dispersed here and there, did represent trees and grasse which grew all along those forts. It was twentie Germane [ IV] leagues from one circle vnto another; and within them were boroughs, villages, and hamlets, disposed in such sort, as th••y might heare the voyce of a man from the one vnto the other. The gates were low and narrow, and set out of the way, to the end they might with more ease and more cou••••tly go ••orth to robbe and spoyle. And one circle gaue [ E] notice vnto another of what happened, or what they intended, by the sound of trumpets.

Procopi••s doth distinguish the Huns, calling some White, and the others Nomades: he speakes of the white after this manner, The Huns Euthalites do not lead a pastorall life, like vnto the other Huns, but keepe themselues verie neatly, and are the fairest among the Huns. These neuer made any roads into the Romans territories, and are not of a sa∣uage aspect like vnto the rest. They haue a king which commaunds them: and he is most happie among them that hath most friends, who are most commonly at his table, and are partakers of his cre••••••, p••ise, and fortune. The P••onians had not any townes, as Appi••n Alexand••i•••••• writes, but liued in hamlets according to their families; neither did they vse any ordinarie course of judgement, ••••••re being not any prince that did commaund o•• [ F] rule ouer them.

[ XI] The inhabitants of Hongarie were in old time h••ld to be sauage, stirring, soditious, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, couetous, desirous of reuenge, and no ••••••••nds to strangers.

¶ The Manners at this day.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 Hongarians at this day are of a mild disposition, and reasonably ciuile. They loue 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and will not do any thing vnlesse they practise armes: neither are they much 〈…〉〈…〉 arts and trads, nor to trafficke, but they are exceeding strong. Their manners 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ar••••rally rude; and they are more disposed to war than peace. They contemne ease 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pleasure, and liue not in townes but as strangers, with a de••••eigne to be soone gone. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 men lodge their delights in their gardens and baths, and care not for their buil∣dings but to be at large: the rest liue in cabins and little lodgings ill made: They sleepe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 any bed vntill they be married, but lie vpon the ground, or vpon hay, an ordinarie 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to most of the neighbour Nations.

Their garments are long and stately. They giue not any dowrie vnto women when [ XII] 〈◊〉〈◊〉 marry but a suit of new cloths. The womens garments are straight and couers them 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the necke. They weare vpon their gownes long cloakes, and they couer their heads ••••th vailes of silke or linnen cloth, and hide all but their eies and nose; and most of them ••••are pearles and pretious stones. Moreouer both men and women weare buskins vp to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 calfe of the legge. They mourne a whole yeare for their kinsfolkes and friends 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and sometimes two yeres. They shaue their beards, and leaue nothing but the mou∣••••••••es, [ C] the which are sometimes very long. They haue a particular language which ap∣••••••••heth neere vnto the Bohemians: and they haue also a particular forme of letters; y••t they most commonly vse the Romane characters. They are v••ry, proud and hautie, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in war, and better souldiers on horsebacke than on foot. They are very obedient to ••••••••••ce and his lieutenants.

¶ The Riches, and Forces.

NOtwithstanding that Hongarie sends into Italie and Germanie, great store of oxen [ XIII] 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sheepe, whereof the number is almost incredible; and that some report that [ D] solue one hath a hundred beasts in his pasture, and neuer sees them vntill they be tripled; 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they hold that this prouince is able to feed all Europe with flesh: and notwitstan∣•••••••• that there is great store of siluer, copper, yron, and steele, yea and of gold, and that ••••••••••ds much vitriall into diuers parts of the world, the which is well sold; yet can we 〈◊〉〈◊〉 say that this realme is very rich, and that it yeelds sufficient to entertaine it selfe with 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that grow there, the which are her principall wealth. There is nothing that hath 〈◊〉〈◊〉 nor subsist more, or hath maintained her armies, than the aboundance of victualls which are found there. It is true that since the Turkes became maisters of a great part of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••untrie, the land is not so well manured, and doth not yeeld so plentifully as it hath 〈◊〉〈◊〉 former times: yet that which the Christians hold is well entertained, and able to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 [] many people, although that the wars which haue continued long haue much vn∣peopled it. But the new king Mathias being now come vnto the Empire, may well pre∣serue that which remaines in Hongarie, if during this calme he prouide for all occurrents of warre. It is very probable that if the Turkes should fall vpon this countrie, it would hardly withstand them without the forces of the Empire: for all the power of this realm is not able to make head against the Ottomans, their riches and meanes being small, and not able to make any great leuies, for that the countrie is not rich of it selfe, and they want seaports and trafficke, whereby countries haue meanes to get money, and to grow rich, and moreouer the Turkes hold the best part. It is true that the Hongarians are good soul∣••••ers, but the Turkes also are not to be contemned, who exceed them in number, and are [] not inferiour vnto them in valour.

¶ The Gouernment.

He king of Hongarie gouerns his realme by the meanes of two magistrats, whereof [ XIIII] the vpper part of Hongarie is diuided into there Magistrats. The first gouernes the

realme in the kings name. They account in this ranke the Palatin of the realme, who is [ A] next vnto the king, and iudgeth the king himselfe if he be accused: he is chosen by them of the countrie, and his office is not hereditarie. There is also the Iudge of the court, who is one of the ordinarie Iudges of the realme. Then the perpetuall Chauncellor, which is the Archbishop of Strigonia, primat of the realme, who is called the chiefe Secretary: his charge is to a••••oint the king when he is chosen, and to seale all patents and priuiledges. There is also the maister of the court, who must of necessitie follow the king, and is his ••eerest Councellor. Moreouer the maister of the royall Tauernies, as they call him, wh•• hath charge of mines and saltpits, and doth judge of causes which concerne the kings ••euenues in townes, borroughs, and castells. [ B]

The second magistrat is appointed for matters of justice, and this m••gistrat compre∣hends three officers of very great authoritie, that is, the Vice Palatin of the realme, the Personall Iudge of the presence, who holds the kings place in judgements, and is aboue all other Iudges, and the Vice Iudge of the court. The lesser officers are those, who are rather executioners of judgement, than magistrats, that is to say, two Protonotaries of the personall Iudge, one of the Vice Palatin, and one of the Vice Iudge of the court. All these are called maisters, and haue ioined vnto them the Archbishop of Strigonias se∣cretarie, who is called Fiscall, twelue Assistants, and certaine sworne notaries.

Besides all these, there are the kings officers, as the Treasurer, the high Chamberlaine, and other Chamberlaines, the lord Steward of the kings house, and other maisters of [ C] the houshould, the chiefe Cupbearer, gentlemen seruants, Vshers, and many other infe∣riour Officers.

Since that the house of Austria came to possesse this crowne of Hongarie, they haue made their gouernment more absolute, and the people more seruile, hauing lost much of their former libertie: for in the auncient gouernment, whenas their kings meant to vndertake a warre, to conclude a peace, or to alter any thing in the gouernment of the commonweale; their manner was to assemble the Barons, Bishops, and Gentlement at a certaine place, where by the consent of the greater part their kings had power to con∣firme, abrogat, or to make lawes, to denounce war, conclude peace, and to charge their lands with impositions according to their necessities: which assemblie is still in vse, but [ D] the freedome thereof is much peruerted; these being nothing at this day propounded to the assemblie by the new gouernors, but a contribution of money to resist the Turke when he theatens any inuasion; to which demaund, the Estates giue their resolution at a certaine day.

[ XV] They judge according to the written law, but they haue another kind of deciding of controuersies which happen amongst them: for if the matter be difficult to end, they ordaine that it shall be tried by combat betwixt the parties, the which is performed in the presence of the king, or of his lieutenant: the victorie is adiudged to the stronger, and he is held victorious that doth so amase his enemie at his first approach, as he retires com∣ming into the field, or being entred is so pursued, as he is forced to abandon the place [ E] that is limited vnto them. They that fight on horse-backe charge fi••st with their launces, and then they fall to the sword; and as for those that fight on foot, they haue their priuie parts couered, and all the rest of their bodie naked.

[ XVI] Only the males inherit in Hongarie, and if they die without sonnes, the daughters doe not succeed but the king, to whom the lands of the deceased fall by escheat.

¶ The Religion.

[ XVII] BEsides the sect of Ma••omet, which is much dispersed in this realme by reason of those places which the Turkes hold, it is most certaine that there are many opinions [ F] and heresies: for not onely there are those opinions which are in Germanie, but also the heresie of Arri•••• hath got footing there, and Atheisme hath also crept in. It is a thing worthie of consideration, that the townes subiect vnto the Turke are little infected with heresie, & contrariwise, those which the Christians hold are full: the reason is, for that the

[ A] T••rke doth not easily endure that they should alter any thing in his Estates, how little so∣••••er, neither dare heretickes be so insolent among those Barbarians, as among Christi∣ans ••or feare of being impaled.

••••••ngarie hath two Archbishopricks, and seuenteene Bishopricks: The Archbishop∣••••••••re, [ XVIII] Strigonia, and Colasse, the first hath vnder it six Bishopricks, and the last eight; 〈◊〉〈◊〉 rest acknowledge the Archbishop of Spalatre. The Bishopricks subiect to Strigonia 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Agria, where there are no Turkes, but the towne and diocesse are full of opinions: 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Iauerin (a third part of the diocesse is vnder the Turke,) Nitrie, whereas the Bi∣••••op and Chapter remaines, hauing little of the diocesse free: that of Quinque Ecclesia, [ B] ••••••••hat of Vaccia (both wholly subiect to the Turke,) that of Vesperin, which was lost 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the taking of the town; for as for the diocesse it was before in the Turks hands. The ••••••ropolitan, which is Strigonia, was taken, with most part of the diocesse, in the yeare 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and the Chapter retired to Tirnauia, where it remaines; and the Church is gouer∣•••••• by an Administrator, which the Church hath appointed. The Archbishopricke of ••olasse is wholly vnder the Turke, with all the Bishopricks that are subiect vnto it, ex∣••••pt that of Transiluania (which is a thing out of our discourse) and that of Zagabria, ••••ose Bishop (which liues within the townes) hath a thousand florins, or one hundred ••••••nds starling of yearly rents; but the diocesse is vnder the Turke. The Archbishop 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Spalatre hath three Bishopricks vnder him, that is to say, that of Segne, inhabited by [ C] t••e Vsocques, with eight or tenne Priests at the most; that of Mosdruch, whereof part ••••••der the Turk, and part vnder the Earle of Sdrin; and that of Ticin, wholly vnder the Tu••ke. Cardinall George Drascouit, to helpe his countrie, obtayned of the Emperour Ra∣••••••••s a part of the reuenues of the Prouostship of Turrochia, for the institution of a Se∣•••••••• of Hongarian youth in the towne of Vienna, whereas they do willingly imbrace 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••ristian doctrine, and the ceremonies of the Church,

¶ The Kings of Hongarie.

THe first Christian king of Hongarie was Geyza, who hauing caused himselfe to be [ XIX] [ D] christened, would haue the Christian faith protest throughout his realme, and was therein assisted by the Germans.

••••ephen his sonne, who was put in the number of Saints, was king of Hongarie, in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Grace 997: He married the sister of the Emperour S. Henrie, called Gizele, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 among other children S. Emery, who died young before his father.

〈◊〉〈◊〉, nephew to Stephen by his sister, succeeded him, and made himselfe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his loose life. He was expelled the realme by the Hongarians, who aduanced in his place the brother in law of S. Stephen.

Al••••, who gouerned the realme more insolently than Peter, and made himselfe o•• ious by hi•• pride. He was slayne in warre the third yeare of his raigne, and afterwards Peter [ E] was repealed, who gouerned more like a Tyran than a King, vsing great cruelty against Priests, prophaning the Churches, and spoyling them. He was in the end taken, and his ••••es put out, the second yeare after his restauration to the realme, and he died the same 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

Andrew, cousin to S. Stephen, was made king in the yeare 1007. He restored the Christian religion in Hongarie, and reedified the Churches which had beene ruined: t••en seeing himselfe old, he appointed his sonne Salomon to be king.

••••la, brother to Andrew, made warre against him, and woon a victorie, after whose ••••ath he went to Alba-regale, where he caused himselfe to be crowned. This Bela had a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the third yeare of his raigne, and brused all his bodie, whereof he died soone after, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the realme to Salomon his nephew.

Sal••mon, after the death of Bela, was restored to the realme in the yeare 1063, by the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of He••rie the fourth, who had giuen him his si••ter in marriage.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 expelled Sal••mon out of the realme, and was proclaymed King at Alba-regale: ••••••••••wards, being willing to resigne the realme to Salomon, he died the third yeare of his

ra••g••e, and then the Hongarians would not accept of Salomon, who died in an Hermi∣t••g•• [ A] whither he had retired himselfe, hauing attempted many meanes to recouer his realme.

••••dissaus, a good; holie, and just man, and who contayned himselfe in perpetuall cha∣stitie, was chosen King by a generall consent, notwithstanding that he refused it: After many victori•••• he died, in the yeare of Grace 1095, and of his raigne the nineteenth, ha∣uing appointed ••••lmo his younger sonne to succeed him in the realme.

Al••••, did qui•• the realme to Coloman his elder brother; but afterwards these brethren fell to de••ate, and the Hongarians being loth to endure an intestine warre betwixt the brethren, orday••ed that they should enter combat, and that the Victor should be King. [ B] ••••••••nan re••••sed the combat; for that he was crooke backt, lame, and pourblind. In the end, he put out the eyes of Alme, and of his nephew, and would haue gelt Bela his ne∣phew, to the end he might haue no issue. But the executioner fearing the wrath of God, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the realme should remaine without heires, pulled away the stones of a little d••gge, and carrying them vnto him, ••atisfied him with this fraud. Coloman died of a troublesome disea••e, in the yeare 1114, and of his raigne the one and twentieth.

Stephen his sonne was king, not being yet eight yeares old, and in the meane time ano∣ther gouerned the realme in his name. He raigned eighteene yeares; and for that he had no children; he adopted his cousin-german Bela, the sonne of Alme, and declared him King by his testament. [ C]

Bela, notwithstanding that he was blind, gouerned the realme in peace: he died of the dropsie, in the yeare of Grace 1141, and of his raigne the ninth.

Geysa his sonne raigned after him, and died in the yeare 116••.

Stephen, eldest sonne to G••ysa, was his successour in the realme, and died in the yeare of our Redemption 1173.

Bela, brother to Stephen.

Emeric his elder brother, raigned eight yeares, and died in the yeare of Grace 1200.

Ladislaus his sonne raigned but six moneths.

Andrew, brother to Eme••ic, succeeded his nephew Ladislaus, and died in the yere 1235, hauing raigned foure and thirtie yeares. [ D]

Bela, eldest sonne to Andrew, raigned six yeares, and died in the yeare 1275.

Stephen his sonne succeeded him, and died in the third yeare of his raigne.

Ladislau••, sonne to Stephen, surnamed Chune, was slaine in the yere 1299, hauing raig∣ned about fourteene yeares.

Andrew, sonne to Stephen, raigned eleuen yeares, and died in the yeare 1301.

After the death of Andrew, some did chuse Wenceslaus king of Bohemia, and others Otto duke of Bauaria, who was shamefully expelled by the Hongarians, after that he had mad•• his entrie with great pompe.

Charles, sonne to Charles Martel king of Sicile, whom some call Carolobert, was chosen King of Hongarie, in the yeare 1310. [ E]

Lewis his eldest sonne, being yet young, was made king: he made great warre against the Neopolitans, and woon many victories of the Italians. He died, being six and fiftie yeares old, in the yeare of Grace 1382, hauing left his realme in the hands of his sister Marie, whom he married to Sigismond, sonne to the Emperour Charles.

Marie gouerned the realme for a time vnder the commaund, and by the counsell of Nicholas de Gare, for that she was yet verie young. But in the end, the Hongarians sent the Bishop of Sagabria into Apulia, to Charles the sonne of Andrew, to persuade him to come into Hongarie to be King. He came▪ and king Sigismond hauing a little before so∣lemnly married Marie, who was then of full age, fled to his brother Wenceslaus. But Charles was slaine in the yeare 1585, by the practises of Marie, and of her mother, and of [ F] Nicholas de G••re. In the end, Elizabeth the Queenes mother was drowned by Hornsch a friend to Charles, and the young Queene was led prisoner into Croatia, and put into 〈◊〉〈◊〉 keeping. Sigismond leuied a great armie, he tooke Hornach, and caused him to be dragged vp and downe at a horse taile, then to be pinched with hot pincers, and in the

[] end quartered. It was this Sigismond who hauing leuied a great armie in the yeare 1396 (••n ••he which there were French succours) was defeated with a notable losse by Baiazet E••••erour of the Turkes, neere vnto Nicopolis. Some hold that in this battaile there 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••wentie thousand Christians, and sixtie thousand Turkes slaine. This King and Em∣•••••••• together died in the yeare of Grace 1437, in the seuentieth yeare of his age, of ••••••••aigne of Hongarie the fifteenth, of his raign of the Romans the seuen and twentieth, ••••••ohemia the seuenteenth, and of his Empire the fift.

Albert duke of Austria sonne in law to Sigismond, was at one instant created king of ••••ongarie, and Emperour of Romans. He died of a flux hauing eaten too much of a me∣•••••••• [] in the yere 1439.

••adislaus brother to Casimir king of Poland, was called to be king. He came into Hon∣••••••••, and was so receiued. King Alberts widow had a sonne after her husbands death, ••••ed Ladislaus: she wrought so with some princes, as he was annointed and solemnly ••••wned at Alba-regale vpon a Whit sunday, being not yet four moneths old. In the end ••••ey that followed the partie of Vladislaus were the stronger. This king was slaine at the ••••taile of Varne, whereas the Christians were miserably defeated by Amurath Empe∣•••••• of the Turkes.

Ladislaus was created king after the death of Vladislaus. But for that the Emperor Fre∣••••cke refused to giue him vnto them, H••niades was chosen gouernor of Hongarie, who [ C] ••••••red with forces into Austria, and committed great spoiles. After many debates Ladi∣•••••• was brought to Vienna, and receiued with great honor by the Bohemians and Hon∣••••••••s in the yeare of Grace 1458. Ladislaus was made sure to Magdeleine, daughter to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the French king; but as they made preparation for his marriage, he died in a man∣•••••• ••••••denly, hauing languished but six and thirtie houres. He was nineteene yeres old.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 Cor••i••us sonne to Huniades was chosen king of Hongarie, at the age of eigh∣•••••••• ••eres. And notwithstanding that the Emperor Fredericke had beene chosen at the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 time, yet he made an agreement with Mathias, who was crowned by the hands of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the sixt yeare of his raigne, and of Grace 1464. He died without any children, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••igned seuen and thirtie yeares.

[] 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sonne to Casimire king of Poland, whom the Bohemians had receiued for 〈…〉〈…〉, was also chosen king of Hongarie after the death of Mathias.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 succeeded his father Vladislaus in the realme of Hongarie, and died in battaile 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Turkes in the yere 1526.

••••••dinand of Austria, Emperor, succeeded him, and made war against the Turkes in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 for the space of eight and thirtie yeares.

••••ximilian of Austria Emperor.

••••••••bus the second, Emperor, hauing held the realme of Hongarie a long time, resig∣•••••• ••••••••er to his brother Mathias of Austria, who is at this day Emperor and gouernes 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 A briefe recitall of the controuersies happened in the said realme, since the peace made with the Turke in the yeare 1605, vnto this day, for the knowledge both of the gouernment and the reli¦gion of this Estate.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 controuersies which happened in Hongarie, as well for religion, as for the char∣•••••• [ XX] 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and dig••ities in armies, were the cause of great mischiefes: for Botscay Isthan duke 〈…〉〈…〉 reuolted against the Emperor in high Hongarie and Transiluania, hauing 〈…〉〈…〉 many noblemen to his partie, vpon the assurance which the Turke gaue him. 〈…〉〈…〉 ••••scay went to field with great numbers of the Heiducques, which are horsemen, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 himselfe prince of Transiluania, and heire to Battorie, making a declaration 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the ••••perors lieutenants, which were foure; who ioined their troupes together 〈◊〉〈◊〉 we•••• against Botscay: both armies met, and the Hongarians both foot and horse 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vnto Botscay; the fight continued six houres, whereas Bellio••use fled, and the

••••••••••anes and Silesians were cut in peeces. Pets and Pallas L••ppay were taken pris••••ers by [ A] Botscay, who sent Pets with certaine ensignes to Herdar Bascha, to shew his ••ff••c••ion vn∣to the Turke, and Pallas L••ppay remained lieutenant to Botscay: they published a ••••clara∣tion that they tooke armes for their libertie and consciences, and to hinden the persecu∣tions of the Gospell▪ so as the Clergie and Iesuits were forced to flie to Vienna. They of Cassouia reuolted, and thrust the Priests and Clergie out of their townes, and became Protestants, according to the confession of Ausbourg. Baste lieutenant to the Emperour published a generall pardon in his name, but it preuailed not. He besieged Cassouia in vaine, there being a garrison within it of six thousand men, so as he raised his siege, and in his returne he tooke Epper and other places, vpon condition to suffer them to liue in [ B] their religion, according to the confession of Ausbourg: but being pursued by Botscay, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thirtie waggons laden with siluer & cloth which came from Vienna. This armie of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 amased the neighbour places, and the German souldiers and other strangers were 〈◊〉〈◊〉 peeces. ••aste persuades Botscay by his letters to harken to a peace, and to draw the 〈…〉〈…〉 to their obedience: Botscay aunswers that he is content, vpon condi∣•••••••• that h•• should enioy the principalitie of Transiluania, and be the Emperors lieute∣nant in Hongarie, that the French and Vallons should depart the countrie, that the soul∣diers should be paied, that the Protestants religion should not be molested, that Bellie••use 〈◊〉〈◊〉 had in the cause of the troubles, should be deliuered into his hands, to do justice of him, that the Emperor should come in person to the Estats at Ponson, & that the Ger∣mans [ C] should not go out of their garrisons to steale. Bas••e seeing these demaunds made no ••••••were: all Transiluania obaies Bots••ay, he receiues certaine money from the Turke, where with he paies his souldiers, and calls the Estates of Hongarie to a generall assem∣blie the last of Aprill. The Earles of H••••in, Nadaste, and Bude, who had ••ought with the Turke, ••ell to Botscays partie, hauing an armie of twentie fiue thousand men, so as Transiluania, Moldauia, and Val••ch•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Botscay, which made the Archduke Mathias, in the Emperors name, to seeked peace with conditions very beneficiall to Botscay; and to this end he sent Heleas H••••••, who conf••r••ed with the Emperors Commissioner, who let him vnderstand, that his maister would neuer refuse a peace, granting him that which he had formerly demaunded, and 〈…〉〈…〉 that in the Senat of Hongarie there should [ D] not be any Bishop but he that should be Chauncellor; that no man should be forced in his religion, that the Bis••ops should be gentlemen and borne in the countrie, and that whatsoeuer was past should be abolished of either side. During these conferrences the wa•• co••••inu••d, but ••he Turke hauing intelligence of these treaties for an accord betwixt the Emperor and Botscay, he sent his great Vezir into Hongarie, to treat of a peace 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with the Emperor. Botscay sends to the great Vezir, who was come to ••uda, & demands 〈…〉〈…〉 him of the propositio••s made for the peace of Hongarie, being 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to breake 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pro••••••e which he had made to the great Turke, which was not to make a peace with the Emperour before he had giuen him aduice, and that he should maintaine the Turkes in their campe. The Vezir desired nothing more than a peace, and [ E] it 〈…〉〈…〉 Botscay should 〈…〉〈…〉 part to Vienna, to ma•••• the peace of Ho••garie betw•••••• the Emperor and him; and that the Emperor and the Vezir should depute men of qualitie to agree vpon some truce, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their con••rou ••sies, and that they should meet about Komo••ra, ••h•• which was effected after a war of fifteene yeares. The treatie of peace for Hongarie being made with Botscay in September 1••0•• at Vie••••a, i•• contained 〈◊〉〈◊〉 where of these be the contents.

First, That they should 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in libertie of conscience throughout all H••ngerie, na••ely the Catholickes, L••therans, and Ca••••ri••••••, and ••here should be none but those thre•• re∣ligions. Secondly, That the Arc••duke ••athias should be lieutenant general for the Em∣peror throughout all Ho••garie, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all ••hings should remaine in the Estate it was at [ F] ••hat present. Thirdly, That B••••s••••y sho••ld r••maine Prince of Transiluania, Earle of Si••••∣••••••, and Palatin of high Hongarie, and for want of heiresmales, all should returne vnto 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Emperor, and his daughters should be married according to their qualitie at the Em∣per•••• ••harge. Fourthly, That from ••hence forth the Palatin, and the general Treasurers

[ A] should be chosen by the Estates of the countrie: Sixtly, That a generall pardon should 〈◊〉〈◊〉 published, to the end that all matters might be forgotten of either part. There was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 made at Vienna, and in all other places for this happie peace. But Botscay did not 〈◊〉〈◊〉 enjoy it: for after all his toyles, thinking to reape the benefit of this peace, his C••••••••cellor poysoned him to get his Estates, the which hauing discouered, he caused him 〈…〉〈…〉, and hauing confessed it, he cut off his head. Notwithstanding all remedies 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Antidotes, Botscay died at Cassouia the thirteenth of December, but before his 〈◊〉〈◊〉, he called an assemblie of the Esta••es, whom he pe••suaded to obey the emperour, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 doe him good and loyall seruice, and to ••iue in peace one with another.

This peace of Hongarie being made and signed at Vienna, the Archduke Mathias [] 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••o deputies well accompanied to meet with the deputies of the Vizier, where they ••••••••onclude what places should be comprehended in the truce: And to the end they ••••••ght be in more safetie neere vnto Komorra, the Embassadours of Botscay retired them∣••••lues from the said assemblie, some seuen French leagues, to the end they might be arbi∣••••tors of such controuersies as might arise. In the end, vpon the sixt of October, the de∣••••••ies parted from Vienna, vnder the conduct of Colonia Budian, and his troupes, there ••••ing with them, the two Bashas of Buda, who were prisoners at Vienna, the one called ••••••man, and the other Aly, and they carried with them six wagons, in the which were ••••••otie thousand Florins, a goodly cloake, and certaine pla••e, which they should pre∣•••••••• [ C] vnto the great Turke. The Basha of Buda mounting vp the riue•• of Danou with ••••••re and twentie ships, arriued also, and so did the deputies of Botscay, to giue conclusi∣•••• to this peace, so much desired. All these deputies, after many meetings, in the end ••••••••uded vpon fifteene Articles, the which they signed, whereof these are the con∣••e••••••.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 euerie one should returne into his possessions, reedifie his houses and castles, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the same estate that he was in before the warre.

That the Emperour should be called Father, and the Turke Sonne, and these should 〈◊〉〈◊〉 titles which they should giue one vnto another by their Embassadours: and wri∣ting respectiuely, they should vse the word of Emperour, and not of King.

[ D] That the Tartarians should be comprehended in this peace, with a prohibition vnto 〈◊〉〈◊〉, not to commit any spoyle in the emperours countries, nor in Hongarie.

That the realmes, lands, and seigneuries of the house of Austria should be compre∣h••••ded in this peace.

That all acts of Hostilitie should cease, and transgressions be punished by exemplarie ju••••••.

••hat it should not be lawfull for either part to surprise any fort, towne, house, nor any 〈◊〉〈◊〉, nor to send any Spie into Hongarie.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 the treatie of peace made with Botscay should be truely obserued.

That merchants might traffique freely, and passe through the limits of the countrie, [] and that there should be held foure or fiue Faires euerie yeare in such places as should ••••enamed to that end.

That the Basha of Buda, the Gouernour of Iauerin, and he of Sclauonia, should haue authoritie to pacefie all factions and diuisions that might arise, and if they were of im∣••ortance, the Emperour and the Turke should be mediators.

That all prisoners should be set at libertie according to their qualitie.

That the Archduke Mathias should send an Embassadour with a present vnto the Vi∣••••••, as also the Vizier Amurath should send vnto the Archduke Mathias and the Empe∣•••••• should send a present of two hundred thousand florins vnto the great Turke.

That the great Turke should send one vnto him of the like value.

[] That this peace should remaine firme and stable for twentie yeares betwixt their Ma∣••esties, their children, or successours, and they should euerie three yeare send embassa∣••••••rs one vnto another with exquisit presents.

••••at it should be lawfull for them of either part to pursue their debts, and they should 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all priuiledges and freedomes as before the warre.

That Vactia should remaine vnto the Emperour, and Gran vnto the Turke. [ A]

The Basha of Buda treated the Christians with great magnificence and pompe, giuing ••o euerie one of them goodly presents. There was great joy at Constantinople, and in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Emperours countries, ••or this peace.

The death of B••••scay ha••pening afterwards, it caused diuers alterations in these Pro∣uinces; and the peace was all obserued in Hongarie, by reason of the roads which were made by the Imp••rialls, and others. To preuent these disorders, there was an assemblie called of the noblemen of Honga••ie, and Transiluania, who desired that their King should rema•••• within the countrie, to the end that his presence might suppresse all these new combustions, and they made a protestation in the Cathedrall Church of Presbourg, [ B] t••at hauing attended the Ar••hduke Mathias seuen weekes in vayne, after the day assig∣•••••• for the States, they would returne home to them that sent them. The noblemen 〈◊〉〈◊〉 high Hongarie made another assemblie at Cassouia, the fourteenth of October, where it was re••olued, not to diuide Hongarie from Transiluania. The Heyducques being discontented, notwithstanding these assemblies, did not forbeare their spoyling: they 〈◊〉〈◊〉 diuers castles, and declared themselues friends to the Turkes, and enemies to the Germans and Walloons. The Archduke Mathias comes to Presbourg, whereas the Estates of Hongarie were held the fifteenth of Ianuarie, with one hundred wagons, and two hundred horse. The Bishop of Iauerin, and all the noblemen were there to receiue him. The Cardinall Archbishop of Gran arriued also, and Helias Hasky came with [ C] twelue wagons, in which were many deputies of high Hongarie, the Parliament began the three and twentieth of Ianuary 1608, the Cardinal and the Clergie would haue mo∣derated the peace made at Vienna with Botscay, but Helias Hasky, with the deputies of high Hongarie, opposed themselues, shewing that this assemblie was onely called to suppresse the Heyducques. The Archdukes deputies propounded vnto the assemblie an offensiue and defensiue league: there was some dissention betwixt the Clergie and Poli••itians (for so they called the noblemen' of high Hongarie) but all being pacified, they met in Heli Haskyes house, where it was concluded, that they should not alter any thing of the peace made at Vienna, and that the said league should be made betwixt the Estates and the countrie. As for the discontented Heyducques, Helias Hasky and Turso tooke [ D] vpon them the charge to go vnto them, to reduce them vnto their dueties, or to pro∣claime warre against them. The Archduke Mathias returnes to Vienna, where he cal∣led a new assemblie of the Estates, acquainting them with what had beene done at Presbourg, and with what difficultie he had kept the noblemen of Hongarie from fal∣ling from the empire, intreating them to make readie certaine money, if the rebellious Heyducques did not lay downe armes. The Archduke Mathias aspired to be King of Hongarie, and to attaine vnto his dessignes, he resolued to settle a peace in the coun∣trie, as well with the Heyducques which were mutined, as with the Turke. And to this end, Heli••s Hasky and Turso, who had the charge to treat with them, preuayled so as they drew fifteene companies of horse vnto their pay, so as in an instant there was a dissention [ E] among them, and their whole armie was disperced. The Archduke Mathias assembled a•• armie vpon the confines of Morauia; whereof the Emperour being aduertised, he sent the Cardinall Districhstein to the Archduke, being at Vienna, who brought him the ra∣tification of that which had past as well with the Turke, as with the Lords of Hongarie; his Maiestie desiring that the offensiue and defensiue league made at Presbourg should be broken, whereunto the Archduke would not yeeld. The Cardinall vnderstanding the Archdukes mind, aduertised the Emperour, who entred into feare and distrust of his brother, and giues him occasion to prouide for his safetie. He causeth the Estates of Bo∣hemia to assemble at Prague, commaunds all the townes to take armes, leuies souldiers, whom he holds neere vnto his person, and writes vnto the Electors, Princes, and Estates [ F] of the empire, to succour him.

Whilest the Emperor is thus in alarme, the Archduke parts from Vienna, and comes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Mo••auia to the town of Cmaym, where was the Rendez vous; his armie consisting of ••••••ntie thousand old souldiers, as well horse as foot, eight and twentie peeces of ord∣nance,

[ A] and a great number of noblemen which were come vnto him, he writes his let∣ter to the Estates of Bohemia, inioining them to send two deputies of euery towne to Craslaw, to heare from his owne mouth the cause of his taking armes. The Cardinall ••••••ent backe againe by the Emperour to the Archduke to heare his complaints, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Popes Nuncio, with the embassadors of diuers princes came vnto him: but being ••••••die entred into the countrie of Bohemia, the embassadors of Saxonie and Brande∣bourg came vnto him, entreating him to yeeld vnto a truce for eight daies and not to pro∣••••ed, the which they could not obtaine. He went and camped before Prague with eight thousand of his men, commaunding Colonits to follow him with the b••••ie of the armie, [] which arriued there the seuenteenth of May. The Emperour hauing two enemies to en∣counter, his brother without the walls of the towne, and the Estates within the towne, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 much troubled, for the deputies being of diuers religions, euery one made demands 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his aduantage; so as he was forced to yeeld to all their demaunds, except that which concerned religion. The Emperor went in person to the assemblie to ratifie the articles, ••here hauing made a speech to the Estates, they did sweare to imploy their liues and ••oods for his maiestie.

After many voiages, and a pasport granted by the Emperor and the Estates, the Arch∣••••kes Embassadours entred into Prague the six and twentieth of May. Count The∣••••in the chiefe of the embassage was brought into the assemblie, where he saluted them [] 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Archdukes name, and deliuered his demands, the which being imparted vnto the Emperor, he had for aunswere, That it should be fit to appoint some men of qualitie to conferre together, and that the conference should be made at D••brita; the which was yeelded vnto, and there they concluded as followeth.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 he should cause the crowne of Hongarie to be deliuered to the Archduke, re∣•••••••• [ XXII] the realme vnto him, and discharge the Hongarians of their oath, who should 〈◊〉〈◊〉 him for their king. That the Emperor should cause a Diet to be held, to leuie a con∣••••••••ion for the payment of the souldiers vpon the frontires. That within two moneths 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the titles, ensignes, and priuiledges of the realme of Hongarie should be deliuered to the Archduke: and that the Emperor should resigne the Archduchie vnto him, without [ D] reseruing any right vnto himselfe or his sonnes. That the peace should be ratified betwixt the lords of Hongarie and the Turke, with his maiesties consent: and that the Emperor ••••ng without any sonne, the Archduke should succeed him in the realme of Bohemia: a•••• if he had sonnes, he should be their tutor during the minoritie with the Estates of the said realme. The Archduke should promise vnto the Estates (in case that the realme o•• ••ohemia falls vnto him by succession) to take the oath of all their priuiledges; or in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that he be chosen king, as the kings are accustomed to doe, and that the Archduke should put in his titles, appointed king of Bohemia, and that he should also haue the ad∣ministration of Morauia. That the Archduke should be acknowledged in the temporal∣•••••• of the Bishopricke of Esmuts, the which is subiect to the realme of Bohemia. That [ E] Silesia by the Archdukes intercession should enioy the priuiledges which the Emperor ••ad granted them. That the Estates of Bohemia should not contribute to the warre, but what they haue been accustomed to do for the frontires of Hongarie against the Turke: and that the Emperor should carrie in his titles the names of all the prouinces which he ••ath giuen to the Archduke: and by the same meanes the Archduke should renounce the countie of Tyroll, and yeeld it vnto the Emperor: and the Archduke should cause a yearely contribution to be made at the assemblie of the Estates, and that there should be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 question, nor exception taken of any thing that hath past of either part.

The contents of seuenteene articles hauing beene read, concluded, and assigned of ••••ther part, the crowne of Hongarie and all the markes of roialtie were deliuered vnto [ F] ••he Archduke, that is to say, the Sword of king Stephen, the Golden Ball, the Buskins and Antique Roabe, and the roiall Scepter, the which were sent vnto the campe by the Em∣••eror; whereas the Archduke caused his armie to be put in battaile to receiue it, going ••••rth himselfe with a great number of noblemen: all the ordnance was shot off thrice, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the souldiers discharged their peeces as often. After all these things, the siege was

raised from Prague, hauing diuided his armie into three parts to retire to Vienna. [ A]

King Mathias comming to Vienna, the inhabitants went forth to meet him the four∣teenth of Iuly, and made him an entrie, as to their soueraigne Lord. At the same time there arriued at Vienna an embassadour from the Turke sent by the Basha of Buda, for a confirmation of the peace with the king, and with presents: hauing had audience, he returned with ratification of that which he demaunded, after which there was an en bas∣sador sent by the king to Constantinople with rich presents.

[ XXIII] King Mathias parted from Vienna, and came to Presbourg the two and twenti••th of October, where he was receiued in great pompe by the noblemen of Hongarie, there being aboue ten thousand men at armes. On the sixt of Nouember they presented vnto [ B] him the articles conformable to the edict of pacification made in the yeare 1606, where∣of these be the contents.

First, that the exercise of the Protestants religion should be free throughout all the realme, yea and in that where he then was, and should ch••s•• his seat. That no Germane gouernor should be installed in any place in Hongarie, and that in all the frontire towns lying vpon the Turke there should be gouernors that were borne in the countrie. That the crowne of Hongarie should be kept by secular men. That before all things there should be a Palatin chosen. That the king should make his residence in the countrie, and in absence the Palatin should haue all power with the Senators, and that whatsoeuer they did, the king should confirme. That the offices of the kingdome should not be ••old, [ C] nor giuen to any that was not borne within the countrie. That the Iesuites who had plan∣ted themselues within the realme, and the Clergie should not beare such sway as they had done. That the reuenues of the crowne should not be paied but at Presbourg, and that sorraine coyne should be minted. That after the Palatins death vntill the election of another, the President of the court in euerie Prouince should gouerne.

These articles were presented vnto the king, and after some qualifications which the king required, Helias Hasky was chosen Palatin, & Mathias proclaimed king of Hongarie the fourteenth of the said moneth, and was annointed & crowned in S. Martins church on the nineteenth day, and these were the ceremonies.

The crowne was brought vpon a royall chariot from the Castle vnto the Church with [ D] ten ensignes, it being in a little coffer couered with cloth of gold, and then put into the vestrie: foure of the chiefe Senators were at the foure corners of the chariot, and the other Senators and chiefe Noblemen followed it. The king being attired after the Hon∣garia•• manner, mounted vpon a horse with a rich caparison, and accompanied by his bro∣ther the Archduke, and many noblemen of diuers Nations, came vnto the said Church; where hauing staied a little in the vestrie, two Bishops came to conduct him before the Altar, but before him there marched ten noblemen who carried the ten ensignes, and fiue others who carried as followeth: The first carried the Crosse, the second the Pix, the third the royall Sword, the fourth the Scepter, and the fift which was Helias Hasky, the Crowne: Cardinall Fortgas•• did the office, being assisted by many Bishops and Pr••lats [ E] who annointed the king in the beginning of Masle, and set the crowne vpon his head du∣ring the Gospell, all the people cryed with one voice, God saue the king of Hongarie: Masse being ended, the king tooke the royall Sword, which Colonita Marshall of Honga∣rie held, and laid it thrice vpon the Clergie in forme of a Crosse; then he receiued the communion by the hands of the said Cardinall. After Masse they cast a larges of gold and siluer vnto the people: which done the king entred by a gallerie from S. Martins Church vnto another called the Deschausses, where after they had read the Gospell vn∣to him, he made two and twentie knights: then being attired in his royall ornaments and the crowne vpon his head, he went to horse, and issued forth by S. M••chaells gate, where he came vnto a pillar couered with cloth, where he tooke an oath vnto the H••ngarians, [ F] and they vnto him: then he tooke his horse, & was brought vnto a ba••ke of earth, which he leaped thrice ouer, and then he flourished his sword thrice in the aire in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of a Crosse: which done, he returned vnto the castle where the feast was p••epared. After ••his coronation he was forced to depriue t••e Germans of the dignities, charges, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and

[ A] offices, which they h••ld in Hongarie, hauing pacified the countrie, and reduced vnder his crowne that which the Christians held there, he returned to Vienna, to suppresse the troubles which were growne for religion. Finally, Mathias, in seuen moneths, caused himselfe to be crowned King of Hongarie, and to be acknowledged Archduke of Au∣stria, and Marquis of Morauia, the which he enioyeth at this day.