St. Augustine, Of the citie of God vvith the learned comments of Io. Lod. Viues. Englished by I.H.

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St. Augustine, Of the citie of God vvith the learned comments of Io. Lod. Viues. Englished by I.H.
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Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo.
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London :: Printed by George Eld,
1610.
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Christianity and other religions -- Early works to 1800.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A22641.0001.001
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"St. Augustine, Of the citie of God vvith the learned comments of Io. Lod. Viues. Englished by I.H." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A22641.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 16, 2024.

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Whether the opinion of some, be credible, that there shalbe no more persecutions after the ten, past, but the eleauenth, which is that of Antichrists. CHAP. 52.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 thinke that that is not to be rashly affirmed, which some doe thinke viz. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the church shall suffer no more persecutions vntill Antichrists 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the ten already past, that his shalbe the eleauenth and last. The (a) first 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Nero, the (b) second by Domitian, the third by Traian, the (c) fourth by •…•…s, the (d) fift by Seuerus, the (e) sixt by Maximinus, the (f) seauenth by De∣•…•… (g) eight by Valerian, the (h) ninth by Aurelian, the (i) tenth by Diocletian, 〈◊〉〈◊〉. For some hold (k) the plauges of Egipt being ten in number before 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…dome, to haue reference vnto these, Antichrists eleauenth persecutiō 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Egyptians pursuite of Israel in the read sea, in which they were all 〈◊〉〈◊〉. But I take not those euents in Egipt to bee any way pertinent vnto •…•…er as prophecies, or figures, although they that hold other-wise haue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…ry ingenious adaptation of the one to the other, but not by the spirit •…•…cy, but onely by humaine coniecture, which some-times may erre, as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 for what will they that hold this affirme of the persecution where∣•…•… was killed? What ranke shall that haue amongst the rest? If they except 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…old that such onely are to be reckned as belong to the body and not to 〈◊〉〈◊〉, what say they to that after the ascension, where Steuen was stoned, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 brother of Iohn beheaded, and Peter shut vp for the slaughter, but that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 freed him? where the brethren were chased from Ierusalem, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…wards made an Apostle and called Paul) plaied the pursiuant amongst •…•…ing them out to destruction? and where he himselfe also being conuer∣•…•… •…•…eaching the faith which he had persecuted, suffered such afflictions as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…es hee had laid vpon others, wheresoeuer hee preached, vnto Iewes or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 why do they begin at Nero, when the church was neuer without perse∣•…•… •…•…f all the time before, wherof it is too tedious to recount the perticulars.

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If they will not beginne but at persecutions by a King, why (l) Herod was a King, who did the church extreame iniury after Christs ascention? Againe (m) why are not Iulians villanies reckned amongst the ten? was not hee a persecutor that (n) forbad to teach the christians the liberall artes? was not (o) Valentinian the elder (who was the third Emperor after him) depriued of his generallship, for confessing of Christ? to (p) leaue all the massacres begun at Antioche, by this wicked Apostata, vntill one faithfull and constant young man lying in tortures an whole day, continually singing psalmes, and praysing of GOD, did with his pa∣tience so terrifie the persecuting Atheist that hee was both afraid and ashamed to proceed. Now lastly (q) Valens, and Arrian, brother to the aboue-named Valentinian, hath not hee afflicted the easterne church with all extreamity, e∣uen now before our eyes? What a lame consideration is it to collect the per∣secutions endured by an vniuersall church vnder one Prince, and in one nation, and not in another? cannot a church so farre diffused, suffer affliction in one perticular nation but it must suffer in all? perhaps they will not haue the chris∣tians persecution in Gothland, (r) by their owne King for one, who martired a many true Catholikes, as wee heard of diuers brethren who had seene, it liuing in those parts when they were children: and (s) what say they to Persia? Hath not the persecution there, chased diuers euen vnto the townes of the Romanes? It may be now quiet, but it is more then wee can tēll. Now all these considera∣tions laid together, and such like as these are, maketh me thinke that the number of the churches persecutions is not to bee defined: but to affirme that there may bee many inflicted by other Kings before that great and assured one of Anti∣christ; were as rash an assertion as the other: let vs therefore leaue it in the midst, neither affirming nor contradicting, but onely controwling the rashnesse of both in others.

L. VIVES.

THe first (a) was] Of these writeth Euseb. Hist. Eccl. of this first Suetonius and Tacitus make mention, Suetonius calling the christians men of new and pernicious superstition. in Ner•…•…, * 1.1 And Tacitus calleth them, Hated for their wickednesse, guilty, and worthy of vtmost punishment. lib. 15. Oh sencelesse men, Tacitus and Suetonius! Can your bestiall and luxurious Ioue seeme a God vnto you, and Christ seeme none? call you an vnion in innocency, execrable superstiti∣on, and hold you them worthy of punishment whose chiefe lawes is, to doe no man hurt, and all men good? If you haue not read our lawes why condemne you vs? If you haue, why re∣prooue you vs, seeing wee embrace those vertues which your best writers so highly admire. (b) The second] Nero's three ended vnder Uespasian, who suffred the christians to liue in qui∣et, and so did his sonne Titus after him. But Domitianus Caluus Nero, to proue himselfe right Nero, begunne the persecution againe, banishing Saint Iohn into Pathmos: This, and the third of Traian, is all one: for Domitian begunne it and it lasted vnto Traian, successor vnto Nerua, who succeeded Domitian, and held the Empire little more then a yeare. There is an * 1.2 Epistle extant vnto Traian from Pliny the younger, Regent of Asia, asking how he woul haue him to vse the christians, seeing hee saw no hurt in them, reckning vp their hurtlesse meetings, praiers, hymnes, communions, &c. and affirming that the name spred so farre that the altars o•…•… the gods cooled, and the priests were almost starued. Traian biddeth him not seeke them out, but if they bee accused vnto him punish them, vnlesse they will recant &c. [O would wee christians could vse this moderation vnto others.] In this persecution was Simon Cle•…•… second Bishoppe of Ierusalem, martired. (c) The fourth] For Adrian was a secret fauourite 〈◊〉〈◊〉 * 1.3 Christ, and would haue deified him amongst his other gods, but that some told him, all the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 would goe downe if Christ once came vp, Antoninus Pius also did lighten their affliction by

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•…•…ict. But this Antonine that caused the forth persecution was the Philosopher who ru∣•…•… * 1.4 with Antonius ver•…•…s: In this persecution were Policarpe and Pionius martyred in Asia: 〈◊〉〈◊〉 many in France, whose sufferings are left recorded. Iustine martir also suffred at this time 〈◊〉〈◊〉 lib. 4. Hist. Eccl. (d) The fift by Se•…•…eus.] He had good fortune to become Emperor, for hee 〈◊〉〈◊〉 an African, a fierce and bloudy fellow. He forbad Christianity vpon a deadly penalty. (Ael. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.) and plagued the Christians all Egypt ouer, chiefely in Thebais. Euseb. Eccl. Hist. lib. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Alexander Bishop of Hieusalem was martyred at this time. (e) The s•…•…t.] Maximinus was a •…•…ian borne, his father a Goth, his mother a Scythian: barbarous in descent, body and * 1.5 〈◊〉〈◊〉. His strength preferd him from a common soldior to a commander. And Alexander M•…•…ea her sonne being killed, the soldiours made him Emperor. He was most proud and •…•…ll. He persecuted the priests, as the especiall causers of christianity Euse. (f) By Decius.] * 1.6 •…•…e in Bubalia, a part of the lower Pannonia. He foyled Philip the Emperor in a ciuill fight, and he then succeded in his place: hating the Christians so much more because Phillip fauo∣red them, and putting them to exquisite torments: S. Laurence, he broyled. Eutrop. Yet ruled he but one yeare, what would he haue done had he continued? Fabian also the Bishop of * 1.7 Rome was martyred vnder him. (g) By Valerian.] Who was crowned three yeares after Decius He was most vnfortunate: for Sapor King of Persia tooke him in fight, and made him his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to mount his horse by. Galien and he were ioynt Emperors, vnder whome the Empire 〈◊〉〈◊〉 greatly to decay: no maruell, being both deiected, sluggish lvmpes. In this persecution 〈◊〉〈◊〉 S. Cyprian Bishop of Carthage martired. (h) By Aurelian.] Third Emperor after Galien. A * 1.8 D•…•…e; very fortunat in warre, but bloudy and Barbarous, fit for an Empire, and for nothing else▪ hated, (and so slayne) by his owne friends, who killed him as he went from Byzance to Herculea. (i) Diocletian.] Sonne to Salon, a dalmatian, he aspired to the Empire by the con∣tentions * 1.9 of others, and ioyned Maximianus Herculeus with him, the better to withstand the •…•…ent warre. Hee was suttle, and cruell, and could easily lay his butcheries on anothers 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Maximian was Barbarous, and brutish euen in Aspect, and serued for Diocletians hang∣•…•…, who grew to such pride that he commanded him-selfe to be adored as a God, and that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 should be kissed, whereas before, they vsed but to kisse their hands: he presecuted 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Church and on Easter-weeke, the ninteenth yeare of his raigne, commanded all the Chur∣ches to be pulled downe, and the Christians to bee killed. Decius his persecution was the greatest, but this was the bloudiest. (k) The Plagues of Egipt.] This is Orosius his opinion. lib. 7.

(l) Herod.] His sonne vnder whome Christ was borne. (m) Iulian.] The Apostata, first * 1.10 a Christian, and after-wards an Atheist. He shed no Christian bloud, but vsed wounderfull 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to draw men from Christ: a bitter kind of persecution, taking more hearts from God by that one meanes, then all the violence before had done. (n) Forbad to teach the liberall 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪] His edict was torne in peeces by S. Iohn. There was one Prohaeresius a Sophister of Caesarea, who comming to Athens was receiued with great applause of the people, to whome he made an extemporall oration in a frequent audience. Iulian allowed leaue onely vnto him to teach the Christians: but the learned man hating that Barbarous edict, forsooke the towne 〈◊〉〈◊〉 scholers, to the great greefe of the students. (o) Ualentinian.] An Hungarian, captaine * 1.11 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…gatyers, and saluted Emperor by the soldiours. Being a Christian vnder Iulian, he was commanded either to sacrifice vnto the Idols or to resigne his place, which hee resigned wil∣•…•…, and soone after Iulian being slaine, and Iouinian dead, he reigned Emperor, receiuing 〈◊〉〈◊〉 for his captaine-ship that he had lost for Christs sake. Eutrop. His sonne, Ualentinian the younger ruled first with Gratian and then with Theodosius the great. (p) At Antioche.] Iulian 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Christians remoue the tombe of the martire Babylas to some other place, so they went 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it singing the Psalme When Israel went out of &c. Which Iulian hearing was vexed, & * 1.12 〈◊〉〈◊〉 diuers of them to be put to torments. Salustius was he that had the charge, who tooke a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 man called Theodorus, and put him to most intollerable torments, yet he neuer mo∣•…•…〈◊〉〈◊〉 with a ioyfull countenance continually sung the Psalme that the Church sung the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, which Salust seeing, hee returned him to prison, and went to Iulian, telling 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 hee tortured any more of them, it would redownd to their glory and his shame▪ •…•…-vpon hee ceased. Eusebius saith that him-selfe talked with this Theodorus at Antioch 〈◊〉〈◊〉 asked him if hee felt no payne; who told him no: for there stood a young-man behind

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me in a white raiment, who oftentimes sprinckled cold water vpon me, and wiped my sweat a way with a towell as white as snow, so that it was rather paine to mee to bee taken from the racke. (q). Ualens] An Arrian: when Augustine was a youth, this Emperour made a law that Monkes should goe to the warres, and those that would not, hee sent his souldiors to beate * 1.13 them to death with clubbes. An huge company of those Monkes liued in the deserts of E∣gipt. Euseb. Eutrop. Oros (r) By their owne] Immediatly after Ualens his death: Arianisme as then raging in the church. (s) In Persia] Vnder King Gororanes, a deuillish persecutor who raged because Abdias an holy bishop had burnt downe all the Temples of the Persians great * 1.14 god, their fire. Cassiod. Hist. trip. lib. 10. Sapor also persecuted sore in Constantines time, a little before this of Gororanes.

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