St. Augustine, Of the citie of God vvith the learned comments of Io. Lod. Viues. Englished by I.H.

THE TENTH BOOKE OF THE CITTIE OF GOD: Written by Saint Augustine Bishop of Hippo, vnto Marcellinus.

That the Platonists themselues held, that One onely God was the giuer of all beatitude vnto men and Angels: but the controuersie is, whether they that they hold are to be worshipped for this end, would haue sacri∣fices offered to themselues, or resigne all vnto God. CHAP. 1.

IT is perspicuous to the knowledge of all such as haue vse of reason, that man desireth to be happy: But the great controuersies arise vppon the inquisition whence or how mortall infirmity should attaine beatitude: in which the Phylosophers haue bestowed all their time & study, which to relate were here too tedious, and as fruitlesse. He that hath read our 8. booke, wherein we selected with what Phylosophers to handle this question of beatitude, whe∣ther, it were to be attained by seruing one God, the maker of the rest, or the others also need not looke for any repititions here, hauing 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 memory: if it fayle him, we choose the Platonists, as worthily held the most •…•…thy Philosophers, because as they could conceiue that the rea∣so•…•…ble 〈◊〉〈◊〉 soule of man could neuer be blessed, but in participation of the light of God the worlds creator: so could they affirme that beatitude (the ayme 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all 〈◊〉〈◊〉) was vn-attainable without a firme adherence in pure loue, vn∣•…•… •…•…hangeable One: that is GOD. But because they also gaue way to Pag•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 (becomming vaine (as Paul saith) in their owne imaginations) and belee∣•…•… * 1.1 o•…•… would be thought to beleeue) that man was bound to honor many gods, and some of them extending this honor euen to deuills, (whom wee haue indiffe∣rently confuted:) it re•…•…eth now to examine (by gods grace) how these immortall and blessed creatures in heauen (be they in thrones, (a) dominations, principa∣lities, or powers) whom they call gods, and some of them good Daemones, or •…•…∣gels as we doe, are to be beleeued to desire our preseruation of truth in religion 〈◊〉〈◊〉 piety: that is (to be more plaine) whether their wills be, that we should off•…•…r 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and sacrifice, or consecrate ours or our selues vnto them, or onely to god, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 i•…•… both their God & ou•…•…: the peculiar worship of the diuinity or (to spea•…•…e •…•…preslie) the deitie, because I haue no one fit Latine word to expresse 〈◊〉〈◊〉: •…•…d, I will vse the Greeke (b) Latria, which our brethren (in all translati∣•…•…) doe translate, Seruice. But that seruice wherein we serue men, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by the Apostle in these words, Seruants, bee obedient to your 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉, expressed by another Greeke word. But Latria, as our Euange∣li•…•… * 1.2 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…her wholy or most frequently, signifieth the honour due vn∣to GOD. I•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 therefore translate it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Colo, to worshippe or to ti•…•…, w•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it with more then God, for wee (c) worship [coli•…•…] 〈◊〉〈◊〉 men of honor•…•… memory or presence: besides Colo in generall vse, is pro∣p•…•… •…•…o (d) things vnder vs, as well as those whome wee reuerence or adore▪

〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…omes the word Colonus, for a husbandman, or an inhabitant. And the •…•…lled Caelicolae, of Caelum, Heauen: and Colo, to inhabite, not to adore, or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 yet (e) as husband-men, that haue their name from the village of the •…•…ossesse, but as that rare Latinist saith, Vrbs antiqua fuit, (f) Tyrij tenuêre 〈◊〉〈◊〉 being here the inhabitants, not the husbandmen. And herevpon the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 haue beene planted and peopled by other greater cities (as one hiue •…•…duceth diuerse) are called colonies. So then we cannot vse Colo with •…•…o God without a restraint of the signification, seeing it is communi∣•…•… •…•…o many sences: therefore no one Latine word that I know is sufficient 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the worship due vnto God. For though Religion signifie nothing so 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the worship of GOD, and there-vpon so wee translate the Greeke 〈◊〉〈◊〉 yet because in the vse of it in Latine, both by learned and ignorant, •…•…erred vnto linages, affinities, and all kindreds, therefore it will not •…•…oyde ambiguitie in this theame: nor can wee truly say, religion is no∣•…•…t Gods worship: the word seeming to be taken originally, from hu∣•…•… and obseruance. So Piety also is taken properly for the worship of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Greekes vse 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: yet is it attributed also vnto the duty towards 〈◊〉〈◊〉: and ordinarily vsed for (i) the workes of mercy, I thinke because •…•…ands it so strictly, putting it in his presence (k) for, and (l) before 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Whence came a custome to call God, Pious. Yet the Greekes neuer 〈◊〉〈◊〉) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, though they vse 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 for mercy, or piety often. But in some 〈◊〉〈◊〉 more distinction) they choose rather to say 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Gods worship, •…•…lainely, worship, or good worship. But wee haue no one fit worde •…•…sse either of these. The Greeke, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 we translate, seruice, but with 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it onely to God: their 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, we turne it, Religion, but still with a •…•…ence to God: their 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 wee haue no one word for, but wee may 〈◊〉〈◊〉 worship: which wee say is due onely to him that is the true God, and •…•…uants gods. Wherefore if there be any blessed immortalls in hea∣•…•… •…•…ther loue vs, nor would haue vs blessed, them wee must not serue: but * 1.3 〈◊〉〈◊〉 loue vs, and wish vs happinesse, then truly they wish it vs from the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they haue it. Or shall theirs come from one stocke, and ours from 〈◊〉〈◊〉

L. VIVES.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 dominations] Iamblichus diuides the supernall powers into Angels, Archan∣•…•…s, Heroes, Principalities and Powers, and those hee saith doe appeare in diuerse •…•…ions. In Myster. All the other Platonists make them but gods and Daemones. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, to serue: but it grew to be vsed for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, to worship. Suidas. But * 1.4 •…•…e the seruice of men called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, not 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, for the place hee quoteth is: 〈◊〉〈◊〉, &c. Ephes. 6. 5. Hence ariseth the dictinction of adoratio, Latria, Dulia and •…•…lla makes Latria and Dulia both one, for seruice or bondage, and sheweth it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Suidas: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Seruice or bondage is mercenary. For an •…•…h in Xenophon: I would redeeme this woman from slauery or bondage (〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) 〈◊〉〈◊〉, O Cyrus. Cyripaed. lib. 3. then the wife replied: Let him redeeme himselfe from bon∣•…•… 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) With his owne life. Ibid. The scriptures also vse 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, for to bee seruile, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, You shall doe no seruile worke (〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.) And againe, Thou shall make 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to b•…•… slaue to thy Prince, (〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.) And in Iob, a begger is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 haue the last syllable but one, long. (c) Wee worship] And so doth holy •…•…tion. (d) Things vnder vs] Rightly: for Col•…•… is to handle or exercise: so * 1.5 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all that wee vse or practise, learning, armes, sports, the earth, &c. It is also to

inhabite. (〈◊〉〈◊〉) 〈◊〉〈◊〉.] Such as till hired grounds are called coloni, as they are called 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in hired houses in citties, and husbandmen that till their owne ground, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…nt forth to inhabit any where, are called coloni. Therevpon grew the name of * 1.6 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…olonies, to omit the Greekes and Asians. The townes that send out the colonies 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Metropolitane cities thereof. (f) Tyrii.] The Tyrian•…•… built Carthage, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with Dido Elisa, that •…•…ed from Pig•…•…lion, after the death of Sicheus her husband. This 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is as common as a 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ (g▪ 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.] All one with Latria (saith Suidas) and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 are all one, belonging to the gods. For Orp•…•…, they say, first taught the misteries of religion, and because h•…•…e was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Thracian hee called this duty, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: or else of Thre•…•… (〈◊〉〈◊〉 * 1.7 o•…•… word) to see (h) It is ref•…•…rred.] Being taken for piety: which is referred to our country, p•…•…rents and ki•…•…d. (i) The workes.] The vulgar call the mercifull godly, mercy godlinesse: So do the Spani•…•…ds, and French, that speake Latine th•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ (k) Fore and.] These two words some copie•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 (〈◊〉〈◊〉) 〈◊〉〈◊〉.] Wherevpon it is said. I will haue mercy and no sacrifice. Os•…•…. 6. 6. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.] None of the learned vse it in that sence indeed.

Notes

• * 1.1

  (〈◊〉〈◊〉. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 1.2

  〈◊〉〈◊〉. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.3

  Gods ser∣uants.
• * 1.4

  La•…•….
• * 1.5

  Dul•…•….
• * 1.6

  〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 1.7

  〈◊〉〈◊〉▪