St. Augustine, Of the citie of God vvith the learned comments of Io. Lod. Viues. Englished by I.H.

Of Apollo, Diana, and other select gods, called parts of the world. CHAP. 16.

ANd though they make (a) Apollo, a (b) wizard & a (c) phisitian, yet to making

him a part of the world, they say he is the Sunne, & Diana his sister is the Moone, and (d) goddesse of iourneyes. So is shee (e) a Virgin also, vntouched, and they both beare shafts, (f) because these 2. stars only do send to the earth. Vulcan they say, is the worlds fire. Neptune the water: father Dis, the earths foundation and depth, Bacchus and Ceres seed-gods, he to the masculine, shee of the feminine: or hee of the moysture and shee of the dry part of the seede. All this now hath reference to the world, to Ioue, who is called the full parent generall, because hee both begets and brings forth all things seminall. And Ceres the great mother, her they make the earth, and Iuno besides. Thus the second cause of things are in her power, though Ioue be called the full parent, as they affirme him to bee all the world. And Minerua because they had made her the artes goddesse, and had neuer a starre for her, they made her also the sky, or (g) the Moone, Vesta they accounted the chiefe of all the goddesses, being taken for the earth: and yet gaue her the protection of the (h) worlds fire, more light and not so vio∣lent as that of Vulcans was. And thus by all these select gods they intend but the world: in some totall, and in others partiall: to all, as Ioue is: partiall, as Genius, the great mother, Soll and Luna, or rather Apollo and Diana, sometimes one god stands for many things, and sometimes one thing presents many gods, the first is true in Iupiter, hee is all the world, hee but onely (i) Heauen, and hee is onely a starre in Heauen: So is Iuno, goddesse of all second causes, yet onely the ayre, and yet the earth, though shee might (k) get the starre from Venus. So is Minerua the highest sky, and the Moone in the lowest sky as they hold. The se∣cond is true in the world, which is both Ioue and Ianus: and in the earth which is both Iuno, the Great mother, and Ceres.

L. VIVES.

APollo. (a)] Tully de. dat deor. lib. 3. makes 4. Apollos, and 3. Dianas. The 3. Apollo. and the 2. Diana were the children of Ioue and Latona. (b) Wizard.] Commonly affirmed in all authors of this subiect, Greeke and Latine. Plato saith the Thessalonians called him not 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, but 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 simple, because of his diuination, wherein was required, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: truth, and simplicity, which are all one. In Cratilo. Glaucus taught him his diui∣nation, he that was afterward made a Sea-god and called Melicerta. Nicand in A•…•…tolicis. (c) Phisitian.] Macrob. Satur. They counted the vestalls thus. Apollo phisiti•…•…n, Apollo Paean, &c. He proues him to bee Aesculapius, that is a strength of health, a rising soly from the substance of animated creatures. Much of Apollo yea may read in the said place. (d) Goddesse of.] Her sta∣tues were cut all youthfull, because that age beareth trauell lest Festus lib. 9. for Diana was held a goddesse of waies and iournies: shee ruled also mountaines and groues, and vsed the •…•…hes often in her hunting, as shalbee shewed hereafter. (e) Virgin.] So it is reported, that it was not lawfull for men to come in her temple at Rome, because one rauished a woman there once that came to salute the goddesse, and the dogs tare him in peeces immediatly. Plato calleth her 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. &c. because of the integrity and modesty that she professed in her loue of vir∣ginity: or, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 &c. because she hath the copulation of man and woman. Though the fables go that shee lay with Endymyon: and that Pan, Mercuries sonne, gaue her a white sheepe for 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Uirg. 3. Georg.

Munere sic niueo lanae si credere digum est, Pandeus Archadiae captam te Luna fefellit, In Nemora alta vocans, nec tu aspernata voca•…•…tem es. &c.

Arcadian Pans white fleece (tis said) so blinded, Thine eyes (faire Phaebe:) he being breefely minded, Call'd the, thou yeeldest, and to the thicke you went, &c.

(f). Shaftes.] Apollo beareth those that hee killed the serpent Python withall: and there∣fore

Homer calleth him oftentimes 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is far-darting, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is shooting high: and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, eternall archer: Now Diana, vowed a perpetuall virgine, haunteth the woods and hills, hunting as Virgill describeth Uenus when Aeneas saw her buskind, and tucked round, and a quiuer at her backe, as ready for the pursute. These shaftes are no∣thing (all say) but the beames of those starres as Lactantius saith of the Sonne.

Armatus radiis elementa liquentia lustrans, Armed with raies he vewes the watry playnes.

(g) The Moone.] Porph. Naturall. deor interpretat. That in the Sunne (saith he) is 〈◊〉〈◊〉, that in the Moone Miuerua, signifiyng wisdome. (h) Worlds fire.] Ours that we vse on earth, belonging (as I say) to generation: Though herein, as in all fictions is great diuersity of opi•…•…∣ons. Phurnutus saith Vulan is the grosser fire, that wee vse, and Iupiter the more pure fire, and Prudentius saith.

—Ipse ignis qui nostrum seruit ad usum. Vulcanus, ac perhibetur, et in virtute supernâ, Fingitur ac delubra deus, ac nomine et ore, Assimulatus habet, nec non regnare caminis, Fertur, & Aeoliae summus faber esse vel Aetna.

—The fire that serues our vse, Hight Vulcan, and is held a thing diuine, Grac't with a stile, a statue and a shrine, The chimeys god he is, and keepes they say. Great shops in Aetna and Aeolia.

(i) onely Heauen.]

Ennius: Aspice hoc sublime candens quem inuocant omnes,Iouem—behold yond flaming light, which each call Ioue.

(k) Get the starre.] In the contention for Lucifier or the day starre.