A boke named Tectonicon briefely shewynge the exacte measurynge, and speady reckenynge all maner lande, squared tymber, stone, steaples, pyllers, globes. [et]c. Further, declaringe the perfecte makinge and large vse of the carpenters ruler, conteyninge a quadrant geometricall: comprehendinge also the rare vse of the squire. And in thende a lyttle treatise adioyned, openinge the composicion and appliancie of an instrument called the profitable staffe. With other thinges pleasaunt and necessary, most conducible for surueyers, landemeaters, ioyners, carpenters, and masons. Published by Leonarde Digges gentleman, in the yere of our Lorde. 1556.

BEcause I vnderstand many are desirous how to get ex∣exactly the iust length of Staffe and Squier shadow before treted of, vpon vnleauell groundes, or other wayes where so euer it be, yea withoute ather Squier or Staffe. I haue calculated a Table folowing, thorowly satisfying thē, so y^e they get y^e height of the Sunne any way, or as I shal now enstruct.

Behold this Instrument called a Quadrant the iust fourth part of a Circle. euen suche a Circle as I taughte you before to make for the nyght Dyall: cōtaining the fourth part of his diuisions, that is 90 degrees, only two syghts and a plume lyne added, to be placed at the beginning of this booke as ye may there: and here see. I haue here also put the Scale to the Quadrant, whiche serueth well for shadowes, and as well for heyghtes. the vse of this Scale is decla∣red in my boke called Tectonicon.

[illustration]

How by this Instrument to get the height of the Sunne at all tymes.

LEtte vp hansomly your Quadrant the Sunne beames persyng y^e sightes. The Plommet and Lyne then at liberty falling, noteth there the degrees of height at that present, with the whyche shal entre this Table immediatle folowing, to get them, and in like maner at all other times the iust shadow of the Stue or Squyer.

A Table generall of Shadowes, right and contrary for euery grade of the Sunnes heyght: The thinge cau∣sing Shadowe, supposed .12 partes.

Heyght of the Sunne.	Staffe. Shadow.	Heyghte of the Sunne.	Staffe. shadow.	Heyghte of the sunne.	Staffe. Shadowe.
G	g	P	M	G	G	P	M	G	g	P	M
0	90	Sha	m.	30	60	20	47	60	30	6	56
1	89	687	34	31	59	19	58	61	29	6	39
2	88	343	43	32	58	19	12	62	28	6	23
3	87	228	59	33	57	18	29	63	27	6	7
4	86	171	37	34	56	17	47	64	26	5	51
5	85	137	10	35	55	17	8	65	25	5	36
6	84	114	0	36	54	16	30	66	24	5	21
7	83	97	49	37	53	15	52	67	23	5	6
8	82	85	28	38	52	15	21	68	22	4	51
9	81	75	46	39	51	14	49	69	21	4	36
10	80	68	3	40	50	14	18	70	20	4	22
11	79	61	44	41	49	13	48	71	19	4	8
12	78	56	27	42	48	13	20	72	18	3	54
13	77	51	59	43	47	12	52	73	17	3	40
14	76	48	8	44	46	12	26	74	10	3	26
15	75	44	47	45	45	12	0	75	15	3	13
16	74	41	51	46	44	11	35	76	14	3	0
17	73	39	15	47	43	11	11	77	13	2	46
18	72	36	54	48	42	10	48	78	12	2	32
19	71	34	51	49	41	10	26	79	11	2	20
20	70	32	58	50	40	10	4	80	10	2	7
21	69	31	16	51	39	9	43	81	9	1	54
22	68	29	42	52	38	9	22	82	8	1	41
23	67	28	16	53	37	9	3	83	7	1	28
24	66	26	57	54	36	8	43	84	6	1	16
25	65	25	44	55	35	8	24	85	5	1
26	64	24	37	56	34	8	6	86	4	0	50
27	63	23	33	57	33	7	48	87	3	0	38
28	62	22	34	58	32	7	30	88	2	0	25
29	61	21	40	59	31	7	13	89	1	0	12
30	60	20	47	60	30	6	56	90	0	0	0
Heyght of the Sune.	Squier. Shadow	Heyht of the Sunne	Squier. Shadow.	Heyght of the Sune.	Squyer. Shadow.

The vse of thys Table, and fyrst for Staffe Shadow

Ensample:

I Suppose the height of the Sūne taken by the Qua¦drant 34 degrees, nowe I require the exacte length of Staffe and Squier Shadowe. For ryght shadowe, first seke out the degrees in the left part of y^e Table and vnder this title the heighte of the Sun: if they be not in that lefte rowe downewardes, resorte to the next rowe and lyke tytle, vntyll ye fynde the degrees, then in ryght order toward the right hand, in the next Columpne vnder the title of Staffe Shadow, are 17 partes and 47 minuts, your desyre.

For Squyer Shadowe, titled contrary Shadow.

SEke your degrees in the ryghte parte vpwarde at thys title Heyght of the sunne, in the botome of this Table: then shal ye find on the right hand of 34 degrees, in the next Columpn 8 partes and 6 Minutes: that is the very lengthe of Squier shadowe, when the Sunne is 34 degrees in height.

OCcasioned I cannot here omitte an other Table faythfullye supputated for the Sunnes altitude, by the which with quicke speade the houre is knowen. This Table conducteth many∣folde wayes, yea to the Composition of diuers and many Instru∣mentes: as Quadraūtes, Nauicles, Cylindres. Rynges. &c.

Beholde now it doth ensue, and also the brief vse of it.

A Table of the Sunnes altitude for euery hou•• Pole mounted. 51. degrees 30. Minutes, exactely calculated.

Houres before n.	12		11	10	9	8		7	6	5	4
Houres after n.			1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Si.	G	S	G	g	M	G	M	g	M	g	M	g	M	g	M	g	M	g	M	g	M
	30	♋	0	62	0	59	45:	53	45	45	42	36	42:	27:	23:	18	11	9	28:	1	31.
	25		5	61	54
	20		10	61	37:	59	21.	53	26:	45	24	36	25	27	6	17	50.	9	9.	1	13:
	15		15	61	9:
	10		20	00	30:	53.	17	52	23.	44	32	35	35	25	16.	17	3	8	16.	0	16:
	5		25	59	41:
♊	0	♌	0	58	42:	56	34	50	55:	43	6.	34	13.	24	56:	15	41:	6	10.	0	0
	25		5	57	34:
	20		10	56	17:	54	15	48	48	41	10:	32	22.	23	6.	13	50	4	55:	0	0
	1		25	51	43:
♉	0	♍	0	50	0	48	11.	43	11.	39	53	27	27	8	13	8	5••:	0	0
	25		5	48	21:
	20		10	46	20:	44	37	39	51	32	53:	24	32.	15	27.	6.	8.	0	0
	15		15	44	25:
	10		20	42	23:	40	51:	36	18	2••	34:	21	24:	12	25:	3	6.		0
	5		25	40	29:
♈	0	♎	0	38	3••	36	58	32	37.	26	7:	18	••	9	16.	0	0
	25		5	36	30
	20	10	34	32	33	4	28	55:	22	38:	1••	51:	6	7	0	0
	15		15	32	35.
	10		10	30	40.	29	16.	25	18	19	14	11	33	3	••:	0
	5		25	28	48
♓	0	♏	0	27	0	25	40	21	51:	15	59:	8	34.	0	6.
	25		5		25	17.
	20		10	23	39.	22	22.	18	42:	13	1:	5	45.	0
	15		15	22	8.
	10		20	20	43.	19	29	15	55.	10	23:	3	19.	0
	5		25	19	26									0
♒	0	♐	0	18	18.	17	6	13	38:	8	13:	1	15.	0
	25	5	17.	19.
	20		10	15	30	14	48.	11	55.	6	36:	0	0
	15		15	15	51
	10		20	15	23.	14	13	10	52	5	36	0
	5		25	15	6
♑	0		0	15	0	13	51	10	30.	5	15.

ƲƲhen the Sunne cutteth the 22 grade of ♋ he toucheth our Horizonat 4 in the morninge Entring the 22 of ♑ he ry∣seth at 8 in the fyrste of ♉ at 5. in the first of ♍, at. 7. Note in all my tables, one pricke folowing the Minutes, diminissheth: two, aug∣menteth some smale quantitye