The decades of the newe worlde or west India conteynyng the nauigations and conquestes of the Spanyardes, with the particular description of the moste ryche and large landes and ilandes lately founde in the west ocean perteynyng to the inheritaunce of the kinges of Spayne. ... Wrytten in the Latine tounge by Peter Martyr of Angleria, and translated into Englysshe by Rycharde Eden.

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Title
The decades of the newe worlde or west India conteynyng the nauigations and conquestes of the Spanyardes, with the particular description of the moste ryche and large landes and ilandes lately founde in the west ocean perteynyng to the inheritaunce of the kinges of Spayne. ... Wrytten in the Latine tounge by Peter Martyr of Angleria, and translated into Englysshe by Rycharde Eden.
Author
Anghiera, Pietro Martire d', 1457-1526.
Publication
Londini :: In ædibus Guilhelmi Powell [for Edwarde Sutton],
Anno. 1555.
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America -- Early accounts to 1600.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A20032.0001.001
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"The decades of the newe worlde or west India conteynyng the nauigations and conquestes of the Spanyardes, with the particular description of the moste ryche and large landes and ilandes lately founde in the west ocean perteynyng to the inheritaunce of the kinges of Spayne. ... Wrytten in the Latine tounge by Peter Martyr of Angleria, and translated into Englysshe by Rycharde Eden." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A20032.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 9, 2024.

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¶ The thyrde booke of the thyrde Decade.

WHen Vaschus had remained thirtye dayes in the palayce of kynge Pacra, concilynge vnto hym the myddes of thinhabitantes and prouidinge thynges necessarye for his coompanions, he departed frome thense by the conducte of cer∣tayne of kynge Teaocha his men, and came too the banke of the ryuer Comogrus,* 1.1 wherof the region and king therof, are named by the same name. He founde the sydes of these montaynes so rude and baren, that there was nothinge apte to bee eaten, but wilde rootes and certayne vnpleasante frutes of trees. Two kynges beinge neare of bludde, inhaby∣ted this infortunate region,* 1.2 whiche Vaschus ouerpassed with all speede for feare of hunger. One of these poore kinges was named Cotochus, and the other Ciuriza. He tooke them bothe

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with hym to guyde hym in the waye, and dismyssed Teaocha his men with vytayles and rewardes. Thus for the space of three dayes, he wandered throughe many deserte wooddes,* 1.3 craggye mountaynes, & muddy marysshes full of suche qua∣myres that men are oftentymes swalowed vp in them if they looke not the more warelye to their fiete. Also through pla∣ces not frequented with resorte of men, and suche as nature had not yet opened to their vse, forasmuche as thinhabitan∣tes haue seldoome entercourse betwene them, but onely by sundrye incurtions, the one to spoyle and destroye the other: Beynge otherwise contented to lyue onely after the lawe of nature, withowte worldly toyle for superfluous pleasures. Thus enteringe at the lengthe into the territorye of anothe kynge whose name was Bechebuea,* 1.4 they founde all thynges voyde and in silence: For the kynge and his subiectes, were all fledde to the wooddes. When Vaschus sente messengers to fetche hym, he dyd not onely at the fyrste submytte hym selfe, but also promysse his ayde with all that he myghte make: Protestynge furthermore, tht he fledde not for feare that owre men woolde doo hym any iniurie, but that he hyd hym selfe for verye shame and griefe of mynde, for that he was not able to receyue them honorablye accordynge vnto their dignitye, bycause his store of vitayles was consumed. Yet in a token of obedience and frendeshyppe, he sente owre men many vesselles of golde,* 1.5 desyring them to accepte them as the gifte of a frind whose good will wanted not in grea∣ter thynges if his abilytye were greater. By whiche woor∣des the poore man seemed to insinuate that he had byn rob∣bed and otherwise cruelly handled of his bortherers. By rea¦son wherof, owre men were enforced to departe from thense more hungerly then theye came. As theye wente forwarde therfore, they espyed certeine naked men coomminge downe from a hylle towarde them. Vaschus coommaunded his armye to staye, and sente his interpretours to them to knowe what they wold haue. Then one of thē to whom the other seemed to gyue reuerence, spake in this effect. Owre lorde & kinge Chiorisus,* 1.6 greeteth yowe well: Wyllynge vs to declare that he hath harde of yowre puissaunce and vertue wherby yowe haue subdued euell men and reuenged the wronges doone to innocentes. For the whiche yowre noble factes and iustyce,

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as he doothe honour yowre fame, soo woolde he thinke him selfe moste happye if he myght receiue yowe into his palaice. But, forasmuche as his fortune hath byn so euell (as he im∣puteth it) that beynge owte of yowre waye, yowe haue o∣uerpassed hym, he hath sent yowe this golde in token of his good wyll and fryndshyppe towarde yowe. And with these woordes he deliuered to Vaschus thirty disshes of pure golde. Addynge hereunto, that when so euer it shulde please him to take the paynes to coomme to their kynge, he shulde receyue greater gyftes. He declared further, that a kynge whyche was their bortherer and mortall enemye, was very ryche in golde: And that in subduynge of hym they shulde bothe ob∣teine greate rychesse, and also delyuer them from daylye vex∣ations: whiche thinge myght easilye be doone by their helpe bycause they knewe the countrey. Vaschus put them in good coomforte, and gaue them for rewarde certayne Iren axes whiche they more esteemed then greate heapes of golde.* 1.7 For they haue lyttell neede of golde, hauynge not thuse of pesti∣ferous money. But he that maye get but one axe or hatchet, thynketh hym selfe rycher then euer was Crassus. For euen these naked men doo perceyue that an axe is necesarye for a thousande vses: And confesse that golde is desyred onely for certayne vaine and effeminate pleasures,* 1.8 as a thyng whi∣che the lyfe of man maye lacke withowte any inconuenience. For owre glutteny and superfluous sumptuousnesse hath not yet corrupted them: By reason wherof they take it for noo shame to lacke cobardes of plate, where as the pride and wan¦tonnes of owre tyme dooeth in maner impute it to vs for ig∣nominye to bee withowte that, wherof by nature we haue no neede.* 1.9 But their contentation with the benefytes of nature doothe playnly declare that men may leade a free and happy life withowt tables, table clothes, carpettes, napkyns, and towels, with suche other innumerable wherof they haue no vse, excepte perhappes the kynges furnishe their tables with a fewe golden vessels. But the common people dryue awaye hunger with a pyece of their breade in the one hande, and a piece of broylde fyshe or summe kynde of fruite in the other hande. For they eate fleshe but seldome. When their fingers are imbrued with any ounctuous meates, they wype them eyther on the soules of their feete, or on their thyghes, ye &

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sumtymes on the skynnes of their priuye members in the steede of a nappekynne. And for this cause doo they often tymes washe them selues in the ryuers. Owre men therfore wente forwarde laden with golde,* 1.10 but sore afflicted with hunger. Thus they came at the length to the dominion of kynge Pocchorrosa who fledde at their coommynge. Here for the space of thirtye dayes they fylled their emptye bellies with breade of the rootes of Maizium. In the meane tyme Vaschus sente for Pocchorrosa:* 1.11 who beynge allured with pro∣misses and fayre woordes, came and submytted hym selfe brynginge with hym for a present .xv. poundes weighte of wrought golde,* 1.12 and a fewe slaues. Vaschus rewarded hym as he had doone other before. When he was mynded to depart, he was aduertised that he shulde passe through the dominiō of a certayne kynge whose name was Tumanama.* 1.13 This is hee whome the soonne of kynge Comogrus declared to bee of soo great poure and fearefull to all his bortherers, & with whom many of Comogrus familyers had byn captyue. But owre men nowe perceiued that they measured his poure by their owne. For their kinges are but guattes compared to elephantes, in respecte to the poure and pollicye of owre men. Owre men were also enformed by suche as dwelte neare aboute Tu∣manama, that his region was not beyonde the montaynes as they supposed: Nor yet so ryche in golde as younge Como∣grus▪ had declared. Yet consulted they of his subduyng: whi∣che they thoughte they myght theaslyer brynge to passe by∣cause Pocchorrosa was his mortall enemye, who moste gladly promysed them his aduice and ayde herein. Vaschus therfore, leauynge his sycke men in the vyllage of Poochorrosa, tooke with hym threscore of his moste valiante souldiers, and de∣clared vnto them howe kynge Tumanama had oftentymes spo∣ken proude and threatnyng woordes ageynste them:* 1.14 Lyke∣wise that it nowe stoode them in hande of necessitye to passe through his dominion: And that he thought it beste to sette vppon hym vnwares. The souldiers consented to his aduice, an exhorted him to gyue thaduenture, promisinge that they woolde folowe hym whether so euer he wente. They deter∣mined therfore to go two dayes iorney in one daye, that Tu∣manama not knowynge of their sooden commyng, myght haue no leasure to assemble an armye. The thynge came to passe

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euen as they had deuysed. For in the fyrste watche of the nyght, owre men with the Pocchorrosians, inuaded the vyllage and palaice of Tumanama, where they tooke hym prisoner sus∣pectynge nothinge lesse.* 1.15 He had with hym two younge men whiche he abused vnnaturally: Also fourscore women whih he had taken vyolently from dyuers kynges. Lykewise a greate number of his gentelmen and subiectes were taken stragelynge in other vyllages neare aboute his palaice. For their houses are not adherent togither as owres bee, bycause they are oftentimes troubeled with vehement whrilewyndes by reason of the sudden chaunges and motions of the ayre caused by the influence of the planetes in the equalitie of the daye and nyght beynge there in maner bothe of one lengthe throughowte all the yeare, forasmuche as they are neare vn∣to the Equinoctiall lyne as we haue sayde before.* 1.16 Their hou∣ses are made of trees, couered and after their maner thetched with the stalkes of certayne towghe herbes. To the palayce of Tumanama,* 1.17 was onely one house adherent, and that euen as bygge as the palayce it selfe. Eyther of these houses were in length a hundreth and twentie pases; and in bredth fyftie pases as owre men measured them. In these two houses the kynge was accustomed to muster his men as often as he prepared an armye. When Tumanaman therfore, was thus ta∣ken captyue with all his Sardanapamcall famelye, the Poc∣chorrosians bragged and threatened hym beynge nowe bounde, that he shulde shortly bee hanged. The other kynges also his bortherers, reioysed at his mysfortune. Wherby owre men perceaued that Tumanama was nolesse troublesome to his neigh¦bours, then was Pacra to the kinges of the southe syde of the montaynes. Vaschus also the better to please them, threatned hym greuously: But in deede entended no euell toward him. He spake therfore sharpely vnto hym with these woordes:* 1.18 Thou shalte nowe sufer punyshment thou cruell tyranne, for thy pryde and abhominations. Thou shalte knowe of what poure the christians are whom thou haste soo contemned and threated to drawe by the heare of their heades to the nexte ryer and there to drowne them as thou haste often tymes made thy vaunte emonge thy naked slaues. But thou thy selfe shalte fyrste feele that whiche thou haste prepared for o∣ther.: And herewith commaunded hym to bee taken vppe.

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Neuerthelesse gyuynge a priuye tooken of pardon to them whiche layde handes on him. Thus vnhappye Tumanama, fea∣rynge and beleuynge that Vaschus had mente in ernese as he commaunded, fell prostrate at his feete and with teares de∣syred pardon: Protestynge that he neuer spake any suche woordes. But that perhappes his noble men in their droon∣kennesse had so abused their toonges whiche he coulde not rule. For their wynes although they bee not made of grapes yet are they of force to make men droonken. He declared fur∣thermore that the other kynges his bortherers had of ma∣lice surmysed suche lyes of hym enuyinge his fortune bycause he was of greater poure then they.* 1.19 Moste humbly desyringe Vaschus that as he tooke hym to bee a iuste vyctourer, soo to gyue no credytte vnto their vniuste and malycious complain∣tes.* 1.20 Addynge herevnto that if it woolde please hym to par∣don hym not hauinge offended, he woolde bringe him great plentie of gold. Thus layinge his ryght hande on his breast, he swore by the sonne, that he euer loued and feared the chrystians sence he fyrste harde of their fame and vyctoryes: Especially when he harde saye that they had Machanas, that is, swoordes sharper then thearse, and such as cutte in pie∣ces al thynges that coomme in their waye. Then directynge his eyes towarde Vaschus who had his swoorde in his hand, he spake thus. Who (excepte he were owte of his wytte) dare lyfte vppe his hande ageynste this swoorde of yowres wherwith yowe are able with one strooke to cleane a man from the heade to the nauell. Lette no man therfore perswade yowe (o moste myghtye victourer) that euer suche woordes proceded owte of my mouthe. As Tumanama with trembeling spake these woordes, therwith swalowynge downe the knot of deathe, Vaschus seemed by his teares to bee moued to com∣passion:* 1.21 And speakyng to hym with chearefull countenance commaunded hym to bee loosed. This doone, he sente imme∣diatly to his palaice for .xxx. poundes weyght of pure gold artifycially wrought into sundry ouches whiche his wyues and concubynes vsed to weare.* 1.22 Also the thyrde daye folo∣wynge, his noble men and gentylmen sent threscore poun∣des weight of golde for their fyne and raunsumme.* 1.23 Tumanama beyng demaūded wher they had that gold, answered that it was not gathered in his dominiōs But that it was brought

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his auncestours from the ryuer Comogrus toward the southe. But the Pocchorrosians & other his enemies, sayd that he lyed: Affirmynge that his kingdome was ryche in golde. Tumanama on the contrary part, instantly protested that he neuer knewe any golde myne in all his dominions. Yet denyed not but that there hath sumtimes byn found certaine smaule graines of golde, to the gatherynge wherof, he neuer had any re∣garde, bycause they coulde not gette it without great & longe labour.* 1.24 Whyle these thynges were dooinge, the sycke men whiche Vaschus had lefte in the village of Pocchorrosa, came to hym the .viii. day of the Calendes of Ianuary in the yeare of Christe. M.D.XIII. bringyng with them certayne la∣bourers from the kynges of the southe with sundrye instru∣mentes to dygge the grounde and gather golde. Thus pas∣synge ouer the day of the natiuitye of Christ without bodely labour, vppon sainte Steuens daye he brought certeyne my∣ners to the syde of a hyll not farre dystante from the palaice of Tumanama, where (as he saith) he perceaued by the coloure of the earth that it was lykely to brynge furthe golde. When they had dygged a pytte not past a hand breadth and a halfe,* 1.25 and syfted the earthe therof, they founde certayne smaule graynes of golde no bygger then lintell seedes, amountynge to the weyght of twelue graynes as they prouyd with their balances of assaye before a notarie and wytnesse that the bet∣ter credytte myghte bee gyun therto. Wherby they argued that the rychenesse of that lande was agreable to the report of the bortherers, although Vaschus coulde by noo meanes cause Tumanama to confesse the same. They suppose that he no∣thynge esteemed so smaule a portion. But other saye that he denyed his countrey to bee frutefull of golde, leaste by reason therof the desyre of golde, myght intyse owre men to inha∣byte his kyngdome, as in deede the seely kynge was a pro∣phet in soo thinkynge. For they chose that and the region of Pocchorrosa to inhabyte, and determyned to buylde townes in them bothe, if it shulde so please the kynge of Castyle: Aswell that they myght bee baytinge places and vytailynge houses for suche as shulde iorney towarde the southe, as also that both the regions were frutfull and of good grounde to beare frutes and trees. Intendynge nowe therfore to departe from

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thense, he tried the earth by chaunce in an other place, where the colour of the grounde with certayne shyninge stones, see∣med to bee a tooken of golde. where causynge a smaule itte to bee dygged lyttell beneath thupper cruste of the eathe, he founde somuche golde as weyghed that pyece of golde whi∣che the Spaniardes caule Castellanum aureum, and is commonly cauled Pesus,* 1.26 but not in one grayne. Reioysynge at thee too∣kens in hope of great riches, he badde Tumanama to be of good coomforte, promysynge hym that he woolde bee his frende and defender, soo that he troubeled not any of the kynges whiche were frendes to the Christians. He also perswaded hym to gather plentye of golde. Sume saye that he ledde a∣waye all Tumanam his women, and pyled him leaste he shuld rebell. Yet he delyuered his soonne to Vaschus to bee broughte vppe with owre men, to learne their language and relygyon, that he myght therafter the better vse his helpe aswell in all thynges that he shulde haue to doo with owre men, as also more polytykely rule, and obtayne the loue of his owne sub∣iectes. Vaschus at this tyme fell into a vehement feuer by rea∣son of excesse of labour,* 1.27 immoderate watchyng, and hunger: In somuche that departynge from thense, he was fayne too bee borne vppon mennes backes in shietes of gossampyne cot∣ton.* 1.28 Lykewyse also many of his souldiers whiche were soo weake that they coulde nother go nor stonde. To this pur∣pose they vsed the helpe of thinhabytantes, who shewed thē¦selues in althynges wyllynge and obedyente. Also summe of thm whiche were suwhat feeble and not able to trauayle, although not greuously sycke, were ledde by the armes vn∣tyll they came to the domynion of kynge Commogrus a greate frende to the Christyans,* 1.29 of whom wee haue largely made mention before. At Vaschus commynge thether, he founde that the owlde kynge was deade, and his soonne (whome we so prayed for his wisedome) to raygne in his steade: And that he was baptie b the name of Charles. The palayce of this Comogrus, is situate at the foote of a stepe hyll well cultured. Huynge towarde the southe a playne of twelue leages in beadth and veary frutefull.* 1.30 This playne, they caule Zauana. Beyonde his, are the great and hyghe montaynes whiche eyd th two seas wherof we haue spoken before. Owte of the styepe hylles, spryngeth the ryuer Comogrus,* 1.31 whiche run∣neth

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throwgh the sayde playne to the hyghe montaynes, re∣ceauynge into his chanell by their valleys, all the other ry∣uers, & so fauleth into the south sea. It is distante from Da∣riena, aboute threscore and tenne leages towarde the weste. As owre men therfore came to these parties, kynge Comogrus (otherwyse cauled Charles by his christian name) mette thē ioyfully and entertayned them honorably, gyuynge them their fyll of pleasaunte meates and drynkes. He gaue also to Vaschus, twenty pounde weyght of wrought golde.* 1.32 Vaschus re∣compensed him with thinges which he esteemed muche more: As axes and sundry kyndes of carpenters tooles. Also a soul¦diours cloke, and a faire sherte wrought with needle woorke By these gyftes, Comogrus thought hym selfe to bee halfe a god amonge his bortherers. Vaschus at his departynge from hense, ernestly charged Comogrus and the other kynges to re∣mayne faithfull and obedient to the christian king of Castile, if they desyred to lyue in peace and quietnesse: And that they shulde hereafter more diligently applye them selus to the ga∣theringe of golde to bee sente to the great christian Tiba (that is) kyng. Declaryng furher, that by this meanes thy shuld bothe gette them and their posterity a patrone and defender ageinst their enemyes, and also obtayne great abundaune of owre thinges. These affayres thus happely achiud, he went forwarde on his vyage to the palaice of kyng Poncha, where he founde foure younge men whiche were come from Dariena to certify hym that there were certayne shyppes coomme from Hispaniola laden with vyttayles and other necessaries.* 1.33 Wher∣fore takyng with him twentie of his moste lusty souldiers, he made haste to Dariena with longe iorneys: leauinge the resy∣due behynd him to folow at their leasure. He writeth that he came to Dariena the .xiiii. Cal. of Fe, An. 1514. The date of his letter is: From Dariena, the .iiii. day of march.* 1.34 He writeth in the same letter, that he had many sore conflictes, & that he was yet neyther wounded, or loste any of his men in the bat∣taile. And therfore in al his large letter, there is not one leafe without thankes geuynge to almyghty god for his delyuery and preseruation from so many imminent pecels. He attemp∣ted no enterprise or tooke in hande any viage withowt thin∣uocation of god and his holy saintes. Thus was Vaschus Bal∣boa of a vyolene Goliath, tourned into Helsas:* 1.35 And frome

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Anteus too Hercules the conquerour of monsters. Beynge therefore thus tourned from a rasshe royster to a polytyk and discreate capitayne, he was iudged woorthy to bee ad∣uaunced to greate honoure. By reason whereof, he was bothe receaued into the kynges fauour, and therevppon crea¦ted the generall or Lieuetenaunt of the kynges army in those Regions.* 1.36 Thus much haue I gathered bothe by the letters of certeyne my faythefull frendes beinge in Dariena, and al∣so by woorde of mouth of suche as came lately frome thense. If yowre holynes desyre to knowe what I thynke herein, Suerly as by suche thynges as I haue seene, I beleue these thynges to bee trewe, euen so thorder and agreinge of Vaschus and his coompanions warrelyke letters, seeme to confirme the same.* 1.37 The Spanyarde therfore shall not neede hereafter with vndermynynge the earth with intollerable laboure to breake the bones of owre mother, and enter many myles into her bowels, and with innumerable daungers cut in sunder hole mountaynes to make a waye to the courte of infernall Pluto,* 1.38 to brynge from thense wycked golde the seede of innu∣merable mischeues, withowte the whiche notwithstandynge we may nowe scarsely leade a happy lyfe sithe iniquitie hath so preuayled and made vs slaues to that wherof we are lords by nature: The Spanyarde (I say) shall not neede with such trauayles & difficultie to dygge farre into the earth for gold, but shal fynde it plentifully in maner in the vpper crust of the earth, or in the sandes of ryuers dryded vppe by the heate of sommer, onely wasshynge the earth softely frome the same: And shall with lyke facilite gather plentie of pearles.* 1.39 Cer∣tenly the reuerent antiquitie (by al the Cosmographers assent obteyned not soo greate a benefyte of nature, nor yet aspired to the knowleage hereof, bycause there came neuer man be∣fore owte of owre knowen worlde to these vnknowen nati∣ons:* 1.40 At the leaste, with a poure of men, by force of armes, in maner of conquest: wheras otherwise nothyng can be gotten here, forasmuch as these nations are for the most part seuere defenders of theyr patrimonies, and cruell to straungers, in no condition admittinge them otherwyse then by conquest: es¦pecially the fierce Canibales or Caribes. For these wylye hunters of men,* 1.41 gyue them selues to none other kynde of ex∣ercyse but onely to manhuntynge and tyllage after theyr ma∣ner.

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At the commynge therfore of owre men into theyr regi∣ons, they loke as suerly to haue them faule into their snares as if they were hartes or wylde bores:* 1.42 and with no lesse con∣fydence licke their lippes secreately in hope of their praye. If they gette the vpper hande, they eate them greedely: If they mystruste them selues to bee the weaker parte, they truste to theyr feete, and flye swyfter then the wynde. Ageyne, yf the matter bee tryed on the water, aswell the women as men can dyue and swymme, as though they had byn euer brought vp and fedde in the water. It is noo maruayle therefore yf the large tracte of these regions haue byn hytherto vnknowen. But nowe sithe it hath pleased God to discouer the same in owre tyme,* 1.43 it shall becoome vs to shewe owre naturall loue to mankynde and dewtie to God, to endeuoure owre selues to brynge them to ciuilitie and trewe religion, to thincrease of Christes flocke, to the confusion of Infidels and the Deuyll theyr father who delytethe in owre destruction as he hathe doone frome the begynnynge. By the good successe of these fyrst frutes, owre hope is, that the Christian regilion shall streache foorth her armes very farre. Which thyng shulde the sooner coome to passe yf all menne to theyr poure (especially Christian Princes to whom it chiefely perteyneth) wolde put theyr handes to the plowe of the lordes vineyarde.* 1.44 The har∣uest suerly is greate, but the woorkemen are but fewe. As we haue sayde at the begynnynge, yowre holynes shall hereafter nooryshe many myriades of broodes of chekins vnder yowre wynges. But let vs nowe returne to speake of Beragua beinge the weste syde of Vraba,* 1.45 and fyrst founde by Colonus the Admi¦rall, then vnfortunately gouerned by Diego Nicuesa,* 1.46 and nowe lefte in maner desolate: with the other large regions of those prouinces brought from theyr wylde and beastly rudenes to ciuilitie and trewe religion.

Notes

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