Mikrokosmographia a description of the body of man. Together vvith the controuersies thereto belonging. Collected and translated out of all the best authors of anatomy, especially out of Gasper Bauhinus and Andreas Laurentius. By Helkiah Crooke Doctor of Physicke, physitian to His Maiestie, and his Highnesse professor in anatomy and chyrurgerie. Published by the Kings Maiesties especiall direction and warrant according to the first integrity, as it was originally written by the author.

To this place also we haue thought good to add six seuerall Tables conteining the Sce∣leton or packe of Bones throughout the whole bhdy, as they appeare before, behinde, & on the side in a man; the Sceleton of a woman; of an infant newe borne, and of two vn∣timely Births, with their descriptions at large, by which the Reader may be well initiated before he come to the particular Historie.

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TABVLA I.

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TABVLA. II.

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TABVLA. III.

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Ta 1. sheweth the forpart of the sceleton of a man, that is to say, the whole packe of the Bones and Gristles in a mans bodye, as they appeare on the foreside.

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Table 2. sheweth the backside of the Sceleton.

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Table 3. sheweth the later all part of the Sceleton. Wherefore we will put all these three descriptions into one.

• A 3. The Coronall Suture called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• B 2 3. The suture like the letter Λ called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• C 2. The sagittall suture called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• D 2, 3. The Scale-like Coniunctiō, cald 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• α, 2, 3. Os verticis or syncipit is the bone of the Syn∣ciput, called Os 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• β, 1. 3 The forehead bone, that is, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• γ, 2, 3. The bone of the Nowle or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• ••, 2, 3. The bones of the temples or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• •• 3. An Appendix in the temple-bone like a Bod∣kin, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• ζ 1, 2, 3. A processe in the temple-bone like the teate of a dugge, called therefore Mamillaris and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• E 2, 3, the wedge-bone, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• ••, 3, the stony part of the scull.
• •• 3, A processe of the Wedg-bone, much like the wing of a bat, and therfore called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• F, 1, 2, 3. The yoke-bone 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• G. 1. 2, 3, the lower iaw.
• IK, L, M, N, 1, 2, 3. the backe or the spine, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• From I to K, the Necke, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• From K to L, the rackebones of the Chest.
• From L to M, the rackebones of the Loynes.
• From M to N, the Holy-bone, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• N, the Rumpe bone, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• O 1, 3, the brestbone 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• P 1, 3. the Sword like gristle of the brest 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• Char. 1, 2 3, as farre as to 12 in all three Tables, shew the twelue ribs of the Chest cald 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• Q 1, the Clauiclas or choller bones 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• R. 1, 2, 3 the shoulderblade. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• ••, 1, 2, 3. the vpper processe of the shoulder blade, or the top of the shoulder, called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• μ, 1, 2, The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 processe of the shoulderblade, called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• ••, 1, 2. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 bone of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, called Humerus and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• T, V, 1, 2, 3, the Cubit 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• Χ, 1, 2, 3. the wand or the vpper bone of the cubit called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• Y, 1, 2, 3 the ell or the lower bone of the Cubite, called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• ν 3, the processe of the cubit, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• ξ, 1, 3, the processe like a bodkin or probe, called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• ZZ, 1 2, 3, The wrest 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• ΓΓ 1, 3, The After wrest 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• ΔΔΔ, 1, the fingers 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• Θ, 1, 2, 3. The bones ioyned to the sides of the ho∣ly bone on each side one, distinguished as it were into three parts.
• •• 1, 2, 3. the first part called the Haunch bone Os Ilium 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• π, 1, 2, 3, The second part the bone of the coxendix 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• ρ. 1, 2, 3. The third part, the sharebone os pubis, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• σ, 1, 2, 3. A gristle going between the coniunction of the share bones.
• Λ, 1, 2, 3, the thigh, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• τ, 1, 2, 3, the greater outward processe of the thigh called Rotator, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• υ, 1, 2, 3, His lesser and inner processe.
• Ξ, 1, 2, 3. The whirle bone of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Patella Ro∣tula, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• Π, Σ. 1, 2, 3, The leg, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• Φ, 1, 2, 3, the inner and greater bone of the legge, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• Ψ, 1, 2, 3, the vtter and smaller bone of the Legge called the Brace-bone, Fibula 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• φ, 1, 2, 3, The processe of the Legge or the inner Anckle called Maleolus internus.
• X, 1, 2 The processe of the brace or the outwarde ankle, both of them are called in greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• Ω, 1, 2, 3, the bone called the cockal Talus, balistae Os 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• a, 2, The Heele Calx, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• b 1, 3, The bone called Os Nauiculare, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• cc, 1. 2, 3. The wrest of the soote called Tarsus, consisting of foure bones, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• d e. f, 1, 2, 3, Three inner bones of the wrest of the foote, called by some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• g, 1, 2, 3. The vtter bone of the wrest of the foote, like a Dye, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• hh, 1, 2. 3, The Afterwrest of the foote called Pedi∣um by some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• i, i 1, 2, 3. The toes of the foote.
• k, 1, 2. 3. The seed bones of the foote, called ossicu∣la sesamina, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

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FIG. III.

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Table 4 sheweth the Sceleton of the bones and gristles of a woman, that it may appeare, all her bones are in pro∣portion lesser then the bones of a man. But in this ta∣ble onely those parts are marked with letters wherein a woman differeth from a man in her bones & gristles

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TABVLA IIII.

• A. The sagittall suture descending vnto the Nose and diuiding the forehead bone, which is sometimes found in women, very rarely in men, but alwayes in Infants.
• BB. the chest somwhat depressed before because of the Paps.
• CC, the coller bones not so much crooked as in men, nor intorted so much vpward.
• D, the brest-bone perforated somtimes with a hole much like the forme of a heart, through which veynes do run outward from the mammary veynes vnto the paps.
• E, the gristles of the ribs which in women are somwhat bony be∣cause of the weight of the Dugs.
• F, A part of the backe reflected or bent backward aboue the loines
• GG, the compasse of the hanchbones running more outward, for the wombe to rest vpon, when a woman is with childe.
• HH, the lower processes of the share-bones bearing outward that the cauity marked with K might be the larger.
• I, the anterior commissure or coniunction of the share bones filled vp with a thicke gristle, that in the birth they might better yeelde somewhat for Natures necessity.
• K, A great and large cauity circumscribed by the bones of the cox∣endix and the Holy-bone
• L, the Rump or Coccyx curued backward to giue way in the time of the birth
• M, the thigh bones by reason of the largenesse of the spresaid caui∣ty haue a greater distance betwixt them aboue, whence a so 〈◊〉〈◊〉, that womens thighes are thic••er then mens.

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Table 5 sheweth the sceleton of a child new borne, wherein the bones are yet eyther gristly or membranous.

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TABVLA V.

• a, A thicke and for the most part square membrane betwixt the bones of the forehead & of the Sinciput which filleth vp the parts betwixt them.
• c, The bone of the forehead diuided into two equall parts by the sa∣gittall suture.
• d, the separation of the lower Iaw into two bones.
• e, the Scaly part of the Temple bones which in the middest indeede is bony, but in the circumference membranous.
• f, the other part of the Temple bone which maketh a part of the sto∣ny bone, where the hole of hearing is gristly.
• l, the sockets of the Iawes made to receiue the teeth.
• mm, the body of the rack-bone distinct from his backpart.
• nn, the backpart of the rackbones consisting of two broade and small bones, and of gristly processes.
• o, the Holy-bone made of 5 racks with a gristle betwixt them.
• p, The Rump gristle.
• q the brest-bone, gristly in the circumference, but in the middest cō∣pounded of many bones.
• rr, the large part of the Coxendix made of three bones, with a gristle betwixt them
• ss. the second part of this bone making the parts of the Coxendix & the share-bones.
• t, the third part behind making the same parts with the second.
• uu, the whitle of the Knee which is gristly.
• x, the wrest of the hand gristly.
• y, the After-wrest of the foote gristly.
• * Although all the appendances of the bones in infants are gristly, yet this * maketh the most notable as those of the arme, the blade, the Cubit, the haunch-bone, the thigh and the legge.

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TABVLA. VI.

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Table 6. sheweth the bones and gristles of an Embryo or vntimely Birth.

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FIG I

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The first figure sheweth the Embryo at 42, daies old, already formed and proportioned, when all the bones are like to curdled Cheese or to Butter.

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FIG. II

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Figure 2. sheweth the tender bones of an Abor∣tiue fruite about 3. months old, which are more gristly then they are in a child borne in due time.

• aa 1. Betwixt these letters is that space which on the toppe of the Scull is soft and mem∣branous, the Arabians call it Zeudech, and commonly it is called Fontanella.
• a 2, A thick membrane which goeth between the foreheade bone and the bones of the synciput.
• bb 1, the ends of the arme gristly.
• b 2, membranes betwixt the diuision of the bones of the head where afterward the su¦tures are.
• cc 1, The soft appendices of the Ell and the Wand almost separated from their bones.
• dd 1, the appendices of the thigh and the Leg.
• ee 1, the bones of the after-wrest of the foote, altogether gristly.
• •• 2, the nayles of the fingers which are con∣spicuous euen in an abortiue Infant.