Mikrokosmographia a description of the body of man. Together vvith the controuersies thereto belonging. Collected and translated out of all the best authors of anatomy, especially out of Gasper Bauhinus and Andreas Laurentius. By Helkiah Crooke Doctor of Physicke, physitian to His Maiestie, and his Highnesse professor in anatomy and chyrurgerie. Published by the Kings Maiesties especiall direction and warrant according to the first integrity, as it was originally written by the author.

CHAP. XXXI. Of the Muscles that bend and extend the Thumbe.

WEe saide before that there were seauen muscles which did bend the Thumbe, & foure that did extend it.

The first bender of the Thumbe, [Tab. 23, fig. 2, and 4. ^L] is seated in the Cu∣bit * 1.1 and beareth vpon the second bending muscle of the foure fingers, [Tab. 23, ^G] to which it is a little continuated at the ioynt betwixt the arme and the Cubit, but they cleaue to∣gether in their whole progresse.

It ariseth with a round and fleshy originall out of that part of the Ell which is nexte the ioynt of the Cubit where it receyueth the head of the Radius or wand, and so it runneth along the wand to which it groweth throughout as if the whole length of the wande did minister vnto it a continuated originall.

Moreouer, it getteth an additament or encrease by a portion it receyueth from the Membranous Ligament [tab. 2. 3. fig. 4 *] & then running on to the wrist it determineth into a round and neruous tendon which together with the two benders of the foure Fin∣gers * 1.2 creepeth vnder the annular Ligament of the wrist to whose side also it is fastened: In that place it is couered with a propper mucous or slimy membrane and is hidden be∣tweene the muscles which bend the first and second bone of the Thumbe in a cauitie of a bone of the wrist which sustained the thumbe and hollowed onely for this ten∣dons sake. Afterward it is receiued vnder the transuerse ligament of the second bone of the thumbe and dilated into his third ioynt where it is very strongly inserted and ser∣ueth * 1.3 to bend it. This muscle is thicker then that which bendeth the second finger, because the thumbe is of greater strength and magnitude then the rest of the fingers. In Mun∣keyes (sayth Bauhine) this Muscle is not found, yet Vesalius describeth a Substitute for it.

The second Bender of the thumbe [tab. 23. fig. 1 and 2 ^K] ariseth fleshy from the vp∣per * 1.4 part of the annular or transuerse Ligament which is in the wrist, [tab. 23. fig. 1 V] and is fastened to all the inner region of the first bone of the thumb, to which also it is fleshi∣ly inserted, yet obsourely; it toucheth also the second bone. * 1.5

The third Bender [tab. 23. fig. 24. ^LL] lyeth vnder the second and is farre lesse then it. It ariseth partly out of the same place with the former, partly from that bone of the wrist which lyeth vnder the thumbe and is inserted into the root of the first bone of the thumb as farre as his middle. These two last described muscles doe bend the first ioynt of the * 1.6 thumbe and together with the third extender of the thumbe do make that mountainet or hillocke of flesh which is seated at the roote of the thumbe.

The fourth Bender [tab. 23. f. 4. char. 1, 2, 3. do note this muscle with those that follow next] ariseth with a slender and broad originall from that bone of the After-wrist which * 1.7 lyeth before the fore-finger, from thence it proceedeth fleshy yet somewhat narrower, & is inserted with a membranous tendon into that side of the second bone of the thumb which is next the fore finger.

The fift Bender toucheth the former: is answerable to it in his originall, and being fle∣shy * 1.8 proceedeth out of the middle part of that bone of the After-wrist which lyeth vnder the middle finger. Some part of it also toucheth that bone which lyeth vnder the Ring∣finger, and becomming fleshy is inserted with a small tendon into the middle of the se∣cond bone of the thumb on the inside.

The sixt Bender ariseth somewhat broad from that bone of the After-wrist which su∣staineth * 1.9 the ring-finger, and is inserted into the same place with the former: sometimes also it proceedeth with a neruous original from the bone of the After-wrist which is vn∣der the little finger where it is ioyned with the wrist.

[Table 24. Is the same with Tab. 20. in fol. 783]

These three muscles seated vnder the line of life, haue a semicircular and distinct original * 1.10 but yet do all determine into one and the same tendon which is tyed to the inner Seede∣bone which also is the greatest of all the seede-bones in the fingers, and is inserted into the side of the second bone of the same finger. And as those muscles which heereafter we shall call interosses, seated in the after-wrest are carried directly or with a straight line, so those which bend the first bone of the thumbe run somewhat obliquely, and those that bend the second ioynt of the thumbe do run almost transuerse or ouerthwart.

These Muscles if they be contracted together doe mooue the second ioynt of the * 1.11 Thumbe toward the ball of the Hand. If the first of the three mooue alone, the thumb is led vpward toward the fore-finger: if the second it is led vnto the middle finger, if the third then is the thumbe bent downward and toward the little finger.

The seauenth Bender of the thumbe lyeth vnder these three last, and is fleshy arising * 1.12 from the bone of the After-wrist which sustaineth the fore-finger below the middle, euen at the iuncture thereof with the wrist. It is also ioyned as the three last mentioned, to the second bone of the thumbe hauing a transuerse position, and occupieth the space which is betwixt the thumbe and the fore-finger. The vse of it is to draw the thumbe toward the fore-finger and to lay it thereuppon. And so much of the Bending Muscles of the thumbe.

The extenders of the Thumbe are foure. The first [Tab. 24, fig. 1, the lower ^T] ariseth * 1.13 fleshy from the outside of the cubit at his rough line neare the membranous ligament [tab. 24. fig. 4, *] which ioyneth the cubit to the Radius, and passing obliquely toward the Wand, before it touch his appendix determineth into a round and neruous Tendon which attaineth vnto the hand through the cauity by which the by-horned muscle of the wrest doth descend vnto the ligament: and is inserted into the whole length of the thumbe on that side which is next the fore-finger as farre as to the third ioynt. His vse is, to extend the thumbe toward the fore finger, and to leade it from the wrist, and therefore moueth it * 1.14 side-long.

The second extender [Tab. 24, fig. 2, 3, ^V] ariseth fleshy from the same line of the cubit after his length, and climing obliquely ouer the VVand, is diuided into two vnequal parts * 1.15 which cleaue one to another, and is seated in a proper cauity insculped or ingrauen into the appendix of the VVand, and is inuested with a peculiar ligament. [Tab. 22, fig. 2, and 4. charact. 6.] The vpper part remaining a while fleshy, determineth into a Tendon al∣most round, and is implanted into the vtter side of that bone of the wrest which lieth vn∣der the thumbe. [^k] The lower [^l] is subdiuided into two fleshy portions, both which doe end into a Tendon: one of them groweth very strongly to the roote of the first ioynt of * 1.16 the thumbe: [^m] the other with a membranous tie cleaueth close to his second and third * 1.17 bones. [ⁿ] His vse is to extend the thumbe inward.

The third extender [Tab. 22, fig. 4. ^P. Tab. 23, fig. 1, ^X.] ariseth with a neruous original, * 1.18 which presently after becomes fleshy, from the inner part of the bone of the wrest which sustaineth the thumbe. After being carried downward, it is inserted with a membranous * 1.19 Tendon into the first ioynt of the thumbe which it leadeth from the foure-fingers. This muscle with the second and third benders of the thumb maketh that fleshy portion of the palme which is at the roote of the thumbe, wee commonly call it the brawne of the hand.

The fourth extender [Tab. 24, fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, ^Z.] occupies the space which is betwixt the * 1.20 the thumbe and the fore-finger. It ariseth fleshy, partly also sinewy from the inner and backer part of the bone of the After-wrest which lies vnder the fore-finger, and is fleshily * 1.21 inserted on the whole outside into the first ioynt of the thumbe. Moreouer it transmit∣teth a membranous Tendon to the second, which Fallopius in his Institutions acknowledg∣eth he hath found, but in his obseruations he saith he could neuer meete with it. This muscle serueth for the laterall motions of the thumbe. It leadeth it also to, and layeth * 1.22 it vppon the fore-finger. And so much for the muscles of the thumbe as wel benders as ex∣tenders. Now we proceede to the muscles of the After-wrest and wrest.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The 1 bender
• * 1.2

  Progresse.
• * 1.3

  Munchies.
• * 1.4

  The 2. Bender
• * 1.5

  The 3. bender
• * 1.6

  The vse. of 2 and 3.
• * 1.7

  The 4. bender
• * 1.8

  The fifth.
• * 1.9

  The sixth.
• * 1.10

  The position of the 4. 5 6.
• * 1.11

  Their vse.
• * 1.12

  The seuenth.
• * 1.13

  The extenders of the thumbe The first His originall. Insertion.
• * 1.14

  and vse.
• * 1.15

  The second. His original.
• * 1.16

  Implantation.
• * 1.17

  Vse.
• * 1.18

  The third originall.
• * 1.19

  Insertion. Vse.
• * 1.20

  The fourth originall.
• * 1.21

  Insertion.
• * 1.22

  His vse.