Mikrokosmographia a description of the body of man. Together vvith the controuersies thereto belonging. Collected and translated out of all the best authors of anatomy, especially out of Gasper Bauhinus and Andreas Laurentius. By Helkiah Crooke Doctor of Physicke, physitian to His Maiestie, and his Highnesse professor in anatomy and chyrurgerie. Published by the Kings Maiesties especiall direction and warrant according to the first integrity, as it was originally written by the author.

CHAP. XXVI. Of the Muscles of the Radius or Wand.

THE motion of the Radius or Wand is double, for either it is moued perse, of it * 1.1 selfe (the Cubit or Ell being vnmoued) by reason of the ioynt eyther aboue with the arme, or below with the wrist, or both aboue and below with the articulation of the Ell; and so the whole hand is mooued eyther downeward or vpward, (for the whole hand being sustained almost alone by the Radius, hath one and the same motion, and therefore is turned vpward by the assistance of two ex∣ternall muscles; and downeward by two internall, by which also it is turned about.) Or it is moued by accident with the Ell in a right line when the whole Cubit is bent and ex∣tended. There are therefore foure muscles of the Radius, two called Supinatores which turne the palme of the hand vpward, and two called Pronatores which turne the palme downeward.

The first Supinator which is the second of the Wand according to Vesalius (who cal∣leth it also the exterior) Fallopius and Platerus, is also by Laurentius called Supinator longior, * 1.2 [Tab. 18, fig. 1, 2, 3, and Tab. 19, fig. 1, 2, 3. and Tab. 20, fig. 1, 2, 4, ^π] because in respect of his belly it is the longest of all those muscles which run along the Cubit. It ariseth flesh∣ly from the edge of the outward and vpper protuberation of the arme, [Tab. 19, fig. 2, s, Tab. 20, fig. 4, α] afterward being dilated it is bedded obliquely vppon the Wand, and is inserted, growing broade at his Tendon into the membranous appendix of the Radius to∣ward

• ...

• A, 1, 2. A part of the muscle called Biceps, or the double-headed muscle.
• B, 1, 2. 4, The higher and outward part of the muscle called Braechiaeus.
• C, 1, 2. 4, the muscle extending the Cubite from the lower part of the shoulder∣blade, others call it the fifte muscle of the Cubit.
• D. 1, 2. The short muscle extending the cubit arising from the neck of the arme.
• E, 1. The second or the two-horned mus¦cle bending the wrist.
• M 1, 2, 3. the muscle Deltois or the second of the arme.
• N 3. 4. The Ell without flesh.
• O, 1, 2. the fourth muscle of the arme cal∣led Rotundius maior.
• O 3, 4, the Wand bared a great way.
• P 1, 2, 3, the lower blade rider or the fift muscle of the arme.
• The lower P in the 1 and 2 figure. the first extender of the foure-fingers, in the se∣cond figure hanging downe, whose o∣riginall is at a and tendons at b.
• Q 1, 2, the 2 muscle extending the foure fingers, in the 2 Figure hanging downe.
• R 2, 3. the thirde extender of the forefin∣gers in the third Figure hanging down clouen into 2 parts at o p in the 2 Fig.
• S, I, the 4 muscle extending the forfingers
• T, I the vpper, the fyrst muscle extending the thumbe.
• V, 2, 3. the 2 extending the thumb.
• Y, 3, the originall of the 2 muscle extend∣ing the wrist.
• Z, 1, 2, 3, 4. the 4 extender of the Thumbe a, b, 1, 2. the originall of the first extender of the foure Fingers from the protuberation of the arm at a and his tendons at b. a 4, the originall of the shorter supinator of the Wand. C 1, the originall of the fyrst extender of the wrist from the vpper protu∣beration of the arme. C 1, Another part of the long extender of the cubit. d 1, His insertion at the little Finger. e 2, the spine of the blade & the top of the shoulder. f, g. the originall of the Cowle muscle in the hinder part from the spine of the blade. h 2, His insertion. i 2, the membranous Ligament of the Wand, tying the vpper part to the arme. i, k, l, m, n, 2, 3. The vpper part of the second muscle extending the thumb marked with V. inserted into the bone of the wrist at k, l, the lower part diuided into two at l, the one vnder the wrist bone that sustaineth the thumbe at m, the other inserted into the thumb at n. o p 2, The thirde extending muscle noted with R cut into two parts. q 4, the backe of the shoulder blade bare. r 2, the ori∣ginall of the second extender of the wrist. s, t 3, the original of his horned tendon s, the insertion t, x, 1, 2 A place of the Ell without flesh. δ 1, 2, the first bender of the wrist. Λ 1, 2, the first extender of the wrist. m in the 2 Figure hanging, whose originall is at c and insertion at d. π. 1, 2, 4. the fyrst supinator of the wand whose beginning is at α insertion at β in the 4 Figure. σ 2 3, 4. the shorter supinator of the Radius, whose beginning at α his insertion at γ. ε 2, 3, 4, the second muscle extending the wrist. α, β4, the beginning of the fyrst supinator of the wand from the arme at α, whose insertion at β. γ4, the insertion of the shorter supinator of the wand. δ, t 4. A place where certaine bosoms are prepared for the transporting of the ten∣dons, and containing a gristle of that place. ζ, 4, Ligaments ioyning the bones of the Wriste together. ^• 3. 4, A Ligament in the middest betwixt the Ell and the Wand.

[illustration]

TABVLA. XX. Sheweth the extending Muscles of the Arme, the Cubit, the Wand and the Fingers.

[illustration]

FIG. I.

[illustration]

II.

[illustration]

III.

[illustration]

IV.

the inside. [Tab. 19, fig. 2 ^t and Tab. 20, fig. 4 β] This Muscle ouer-turnes the lower part of the wand, and so lifts the palm of the hand vpward.

The second supinator which is the shorter [Tab. 20, fig. 1. 3, 4. and tab. 21, fig: 1 σ] ari∣seth * 1.3 fleshy. Platerus and Archangelus say from a strong Ligament which bindeth the cu∣bit to the arme and from the vpper part of the Radius. Bauhine from the ioynt which arti∣culateth the cubit to the arme, and from the backward processe of the Ell [Tab. 20, fig. 4 ^a] which is called Olecranon: from thence it paceth obliquely and is implanted almost into the middest of the wand, to which also it adhereth [Tab. 20 fig: 4 γ] and it is on the outside membranous and on the inside fleshy. This muscle turneth the vpper parte of the wand obliquely outward and turneth vp the backpart of the hand.

[illustration]

Table 21. Sheweth some muscles of the Cubite, the Wand, the Thumbe, and those we call interossei or bone-bound Muscles.

[illustration]

TABVLA XXI.

[illustration]

FIG. I.

[illustration]

FIG. II.

[illustration]

FIG. III.

• q 1, 2, The shoulder blade bare, & in the second figure is his interior part.
• b 1, 2, 3, The second muscle of the Cubit called Brachiaeus, whose double ori∣ginall in the third figure is noted with v and his insertion at o.
• C 1 Muscles extending the Cubite which are accounted by Vesalius three, The third at i the fift at n & the fourth at Λ.
• G 2, The insertion of the muscle called Brachiaus.
• N 1, 2, 3, The Ell bared from the flesh.
• O 1, 2, 3, the Radius also with flesh.
• Q 1. the vpper bladerider inuerted.
• R 2, the same superscapularis hanging downe.
• X 2, Two muscles bending the second ioynt of the thumbe.
• Γ 2. 3, One of the muscles called Interossei applyed to the roote of the second ioynt of the thumbe, but in the thirde fi••ure are the Interossei in the palme of the hand, which fill the distances be∣twixt the bones of the Wrist.
• Σ 1, The short Supinator of the Wand bending downeward.
• Φ 3, The square muscle of the Wand ben∣ding downe.
• Ω 1, 2, the round muscle of the Wand cal∣led Pronator, whose insertion is noted with G. This in the second figure is hung from his insertion.
• θ 1, the bone of the arme altogether with out flesh.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 λ 1, The first muscle of the cubit at ••, the fourth at λ, the fift at n: or the three ex∣tending muscles.
• μ 1, The insertion of the muscle of the Wand called Pronater at Ω.

ν ζ 0, 2, 3, V, the originall of the second muscle of the arme called Brachiaeus, on either side his insertion in the second figure at G, in the third at O, 1. 2, 3, char. 1, The fourth fift and sixt benders of the thumbe, * Heere a ligament commeth betweene the Ell and the Wand.

The first Pronator which Vesalius, Falopius, and Platerus reckon for the first of the Wand, is called also by Laurentius, Quadratus, [Tab. 19. fig. 3, 4, and Tab, 21, fig. 3, Φ] be∣cause * 1.4 it ariseth fleshy, broade and square, from the lower and inner part of the Ell neare the wrest, and lying ouerthwart on the foreside is inserted with a membranous tendon, (Columbus and Archangelus say fleshy) into the inner & lower part of the Wand. His fi∣bres are transuerse and clime vp ouertwhart from the Ell vnto the VVand. It is a large * 1.5 muscle, and incompasseth al that part of the Ell and the VVand which lies directly against the inside of the Cubit. It is square and so long as the inner Region of the whole Cubit made of the Ell and the VVand. It is also euery way fleshy, and in the middle thicke & bunching, seruing in stead of a soft pillow vnder the tendons that runne vnto the fingers. * 1.6 This muscle drawing the lower part of the VVand which is next vnto the wrest inwarde, * 1.7 beareth downe the VVand and the hand fastened thereto into a prone position.

The second, Pronator which is the third muscle of the VVand according to Vesalius, * 1.8 Fallopius and Platerus, is by Laurentius called Rotundus. [Tab. 18, fig. 1, 2, 3, and Tab. 19, fig. 1, 2, 3, 4. and Tab. 21, fig. 1, 2, Ω] It ariseth fleshy from the inner protuberation of the arme and the inner side of the El where it is articulated to the arme, or as Fallopius hath it, from the inner ligament of that ioynt: thence it climeth obliquely ouer the inside of the VVand and is implanted with a fleshy insertion about the middle thereof, [Tab. 20, fig. 4. γ] from this insertion it runneth out neruous to the very middest of the VVand, and is * 1.9 infixed very strongly with a neruous Tendon to a certaine roughnes that is in the vpper

part thereof. [Tab. 21. fig. 1. μ] As often as this muscle is contracted it leadeth the vpper part of the wand inward, and so wresteth the VVand and the whole Hand into a proane and downward position.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The motions of the Radius double.
• * 1.2

  The first Su∣pinator.
• * 1.3

  The second
• * 1.4

  The first Pro¦nator.
• * 1.5

  His fibres.
• * 1.6

  Figure.
• * 1.7

  Vse.
• * 1.8

  The second Pronator. His originall progresse.
• * 1.9

  Insertion.